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  • 2005-2009  (51)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964  (39)
  • 1900-1904
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  • 1
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    Jahresbericht 2005 (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: annualzib , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Convergence of the Control Reduced Interior Point Method for PDE Constrained Optimal Control with State Constraints (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We propose a variant of the control reduced interior point method for the solution of state constrained problems. We show convergence of the corresponding interior point pathfollowing algorithm in function space. Morever, we provide error bounds for the iterates.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 3
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    A Complex Mathematical Model of the Human Menstrual Cycle (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: This paper aims at presenting the complex coupled network of the human menstrual cycle to the interested community. Beyond the presently popular smaller models, where important network components arise only as extremely simplified source terms, we add: the GnRH pulse generator in the hypothalamus, receptor binding, and the biosynthesis in the ovaries. Simulation and parameter identification are left to a forthcoming paper.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 4
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    A continuity result for Nemyckii Operators and some applications in PDE constrained optimal control (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: This work explores two applications of a classical result on the continuity of Nemyckii operators to optimal control with PDEs. First, we present an alternative approach to the analysis of Newton's method for function space problems involving semi-smooth Nemyckii operators. A concise proof for superlinear convergence is presented, and sharpened bounds on the rate of convergence are derived. Second, we derive second order sufficient conditions for problems, where the underlying PDE has poor regularity properties. We point out that the analytical structure in both topics is essentially the same.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 5
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    Nash Equilibria in Online Sequential Routing Games (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper, we study the efficiency of Nash equilibria for a sequence of nonatomic routing games. We assume that the games are played consecutively in time in an online fashion: by the time of playing game $i$, future games $i+1,\dots,n$ are not known, and, once players of game $i$ are in equilibrium, their corresponding strategies and costs remain fixed. Given a sequence of games, the cost for the sequence of Nash equilibria is defined as the sum of the cost of each game. We analyze the efficiency of a sequence of Nash equilibria in terms of competitive analysis arising in the online optimization field. Our main result states that the online algorithm $\sl {SeqNash}$ consisting of the sequence of Nash equilibria is $\frac{4n}{2+n}$-competitive for affine linear latency functions. For $n=1$, this result contains the bound on the price of anarchy of $\frac{4}{3}$ for affine linear latency functions of Roughgarden and Tardos [2002] as a special case. Furthermore, we analyze a problem variant with a modified cost function that reflects the total congestion cost, when all games have been played. In this case, we prove an upper bound of $\frac{4n}{2+n}$ on the competitive ratio of $\sl {SeqNash}$. We further prove a lower bound of $\frac{3n-2}{n}$ of $\sl {SeqNash}$ showing that for $n=2$ our upper bound is tight.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Adaptive, Fast and Oblivious Convolution in Evolution Equations with Memory (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: To approximate convolutions which occur in evolution equations with memory terms, a variable-stepsize algorithm is presented for which advancing $N$ steps requires only $O(N\log N)$ operations and $O(\log N)$ active memory, in place of $O(N^2)$ operations and $O(N)$ memory for a direct implementation. A basic feature of the fast algorithm is the reduction, via contour integral representations, to differential equations which are solved numerically with adaptive step sizes. Rather than the kernel itself, its Laplace transform is used in the algorithm. The algorithm is illustrated on three examples: a blow-up example originating from a Schrödinger equation with concentrated nonlinearity, chemical reactions with inhibited diffusion, and viscoelasticity with a fractional order constitutive law.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 7
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    Two-layer Network Design by Branch-and-Cut featuring MIP-based Heuristics (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: This paper deals with MIP-based primal heuristics to be used within a branch-and-cut approach for solving multi-layer telecommunication network design problems. Based on a mixed-integer programming formulation for two network layers, we present three heuristics for solving important subproblems, two of which solve a sub-MIP. On multi-layer planning instances with many parallel logical links, we show the effectiveness of our heuristics in finding good solutions early in the branch-and-cut search tree.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Adaptive Finite Element Simulation of Ventricular Fibrillation Dynamics (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: The dynamics of ventricular fibrillation caused by irregular excitation is simulated in the frame of the monodomain model with an action potential model due to Aliev-Panfilov for a human 3D geometry. The numerical solution of this multiscale reaction-diffusion problem is attacked by algorithms which are fully adaptive in both space and time (code library {\sc Kardos}). The obtained results clearly demonstrate an accurate resolution of the cardiac potential during the excitation and the plateau phases (in the regular cycle) as well as after a reentrant excitation (in the irregular cycle).
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Orbitopal Fixing (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The topic of this paper are integer programming models in which a subset of 0/1-variables encode a partitioning of a set of objects into disjoint subsets. Such models can be surprisingly hard to solve by branch-and-cut algorithms if the permutation of the subsets of the partition is irrelevant. This kind of symmetry unnecessarily blows up the branch-and-cut tree. We present a general tool, called orbitopal fixing, for enhancing the capabilities of branch-and-cut algorithms in solving this kind of symmetric integer programming models. We devise a linear time algorithm that, applied at each node of the branch-and-cut tree, removes redundant parts of the tree produced by the above mentioned permutations. The method relies on certain polyhedra, called orbitopes, which have been investigated in (Kaibel and Pfetsch (2006)). However, it does not add inequalities to the model, and thus, it does not increase the difficulty of solving the linear programming relaxations. We demonstrate the computational power of orbitopal fixing at the example of a graph partitioning problem motivated from frequency planning in mobile telecommunication networks.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Approximability of Unsplittable Shortest Path Routing Problems (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: In this paper, we discuss the relation of unsplittable shortest path routing (USPR) to other routing schemes and study the approximability of three USPR network planning problems. Given a digraph $D=(V,A)$ and a set $K$ of directed commodities, an USPR is a set of flow paths $\Phi_{(s,t)}$, $(s,t)\in K$, such that there exists a metric $\lambda=(\lambda_a)\in \mathbb{Z}^A_+$ with respect to which each $\Phi_{(s,t)}$ is the unique shortest $(s,t)$-path. In the \textsc{Min-Con-USPR} problem, we seek for an USPR that minimizes the maximum congestion over all arcs. We show that this problem is hard to approximate within a factor of $\mathcal{O}(|V|^{1-\epsilon})$, but easily approximable within min$(|A|,|K|)$ in general and within $\mathcal{O}(1)$ if the underlying graph is an undirected cycle or a bidirected ring. We also construct examples where the minimum congestion that can be obtained by USPR is a factor of $\Omega(|V|^2)$ larger than that achievable by unsplittable flow routing or by shortest multi-path routing, and a factor of $\Omega(|V|)$ larger than by unsplittable source-invariant routing. In the CAP-USPR problem, we seek for a minimum cost installation of integer arc capacities that admit an USPR of the given commodities. We prove that this problem is $\mathcal{NP}$-hard to approximate within $2-\epsilon$ (even in the undirected case), and we devise approximation algorithms for various special cases. The fixed charge network design problem \textsc{Cap-USPR}, where the task is to find a minimum cost subgraph of $D$ whose fixed arc capacities admit an USPR of the commodities, is shown to be $\mathcal{NPO}$-complete. All three problems are of great practical interest in the planning of telecommunication networks that are based on shortest path routing protocols. Our results indicate that they are harder than the corresponding unsplittable flow or shortest multi-path routing problems.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 11
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    Availability and Cost Based Evaluation of Demand-wise Shared Protection (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-11
    Description: In this paper, we investigate the connection availabilities for the new protection scheme Demand-wise Shared Protection (DSP) and describe an appropriate approach for their computation. The exemplary case study on two realistic network scenarios shows that in most cases the availabilities for DSP are comparable with that for 1+1 path protection and better than in case of shared path protection.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 12
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    THESEUS - Protein Structure Prediction at ZIB (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: THESEUS, the ZIB threading environment, is a parallel implementation of a protein threading based on a multi-queued branch-and-bound optimal search algorithm to find the best sequence-to-structure alignment through a library of template structures. THESEUS uses a template core model based on secondary structure definition and a scoring function based on knowledge-based potentials reflecting pairwise interactions and the chemical environment, as well as pseudo energies for homology detection, loop alignment, and secondary structure matching. The threading core is implemented in C++ as a SPMD parallization architecture using MPI for communication. The environment is designed for generic testing of different scoring functions, e.g. different secondary structure prediction terms, different scoring matrices and information derived from multiple sequence alignments. A validaton of the structure prediction results has been done on the basis of standard threading benchmark sets. THESEUS successfully participated in the 6th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) 2004.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 13
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    On the stability of the multi-queue multi-server processor sharing with limited service (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We consider a multi-queue multi-server system with $n$ servers (processors) and $m$ queues. At the system there arrives a stationary and ergodic stream of $m$ different types of requests with service requirements which are served according to the following $k$-limited head of the line processor sharing discipline: The first $k$ requests at the head of the $m$ queues are served in processor sharing by the $n$ processors, where each request may receive at most the capacity of one processor. By means of sample path analysis and Loynes' monotonicity method, a stationary and ergodic state process is constructed, and a necessary as well as a sufficient condition for the stability of the $m$ separate queues are given, which are tight within the class of all stationary ergodic inputs. These conditions lead to tight necessary and sufficient conditions for the whole system, also in case of permanent customers, generalizing an earlier result by the authors for the case of $n$=$k$=1.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 14
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    ConfJump : a fast biomolecular sampling method which drills tunnels through high mountains (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In order to compute the thermodynamic weights of the different metastable conformations of a molecule, we want to approximate the molecule's Boltzmann distribution in a reasonable time. This is an essential issue in computational drug design. The energy landscape of active biomolecules is generally very rough with a lot of high barriers and low regions. Many of the algorithms that perform such samplings (e.g. the hybrid Monte Carlo method) have difficulties with such landscapes. They are trapped in low-energy regions for a very long time and cannot overcome high barriers. Moving from one low-energy region to another is a very rare event. For these reasons, the distribution of the generated sampling points converges very slowly against the thermodynamically correct distribution of the molecule. The idea of ConfJump is to use $a~priori$ knowledge of the localization of low-energy regions to enhance the sampling with artificial jumps between these low-energy regions. The artificial jumps are combined with the hybrid Monte Carlo method. This allows the computation of some dynamical properties of the molecule. In ConfJump, the detailed balance condition is satisfied and the mathematically correct molecular distribution is sampled.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 15
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    Mathematik für den Volkssport (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: "`Volkssport Sudoku"' titelt der Stern in seiner Ausgabe vom 24. Mai2006. In der Tat traut sich derzeit kaum noch eine Zeitung, ohne Sudoku zu erscheinen. Die Begeisterung am Lösen dieser Zahlenrätsel offenbart eine unvermutete Freude am algorithmischen Arbeiten. Mathematisch kann man Sudokus als lineare diophantische Gleichungssysteme mit Nichtnegativitätsbedingungen formulieren. Solche ganzzahligen linearen Programme sind die wichtigsten Modellierungswerkzeuge in zahlreichen Anwendungsgebieten wie z.B. der Optimierung von Telekommunikations- und Verkehrsnetzen. Moderne Verfahren zur Lösung dieser Optimierungsprobleme sind durch Sudokus allerdings deutlich weniger zu beeindrucken als Zeitungsleser.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 16
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    Mathematical Methods for Physical Layout of Printed Circuit Boards: An Overview (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: This article surveys mathematical models and methods used for physical PCB layout, i.e., component placement and wire routing. The main concepts are briefly described together with relevant references.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 17
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    Competitive Online Multicommodity Routing (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: We study online multicommodity minimum cost routing problems in networks, where commodities have to be routed sequentially. Arcs are equipped with load dependent price functions defining the routing weights. We discuss an online algorithm that routes each commodity by minimizing a convex cost function that depends on the demands that are previously routed. We present a competitive analysis of this algorithm showing that for affine linear price functions this algorithm is $4K/2+K$-competitive, where $K$ is the number of commodities. For the parallel arc case this algorithm is optimal. Without restrictions on the price functions and network, no algorithm is competitive. Finally, we investigate a variant in which the demands have to be routed unsplittably.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 18
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    The extreme points of QSTAB(G) and its implications (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: Perfect graphs constitute a well-studied graph class with a rich structure, reflected by many characterizations w.r.t different concepts. Perfect graphs are, e.g., characterized as precisely those graphs $G$ where the stable set polytope STAB$(G)$ coincides with the clique constraint stable set polytope QSTAB$(G)$. For all imperfect graphs STAB$(G) \subset$ QSTAB$(G)$ holds and, therefore, it is natural to measure imperfection in terms of the difference between STAB$(G)$ and QSTAB$(G)$. Several concepts have been developed in this direction, for instance the dilation ratio of STAB$(G)$ and QSTAB$(G)$ which is equivalent to the imperfection ratio imp$(G)$ of $G$. To determine imp$(G)$, both knowledge on the facets of STAB$(G)$ and the extreme points of QSTAB$(G)$ is required. The anti-blocking theory of polyhedra yields all {\em dominating} extreme points of QSTAB$(G)$, provided a complete description of the facets of STAB$(\overline G)$ is known. As this is typically not the case, we extend the result on anti-blocking polyhedra to a {\em complete} characterization of the extreme points of QSTAB$(G)$ by establishing a 1-1 correspondence to the facet-defining subgraphs of $\overline G$. We discuss several consequences, in particular, we give alternative proofs of several famous results.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
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    On exact algorithms for treewidth (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: We give experimental and theoretical results on the problem of computing the treewidth of a graph by exact exponential time algorithms using exponential space or using only polynomial space. We first report on an implementation of a dynamic programming algorithm for computing the treewidth of a graph with running time $O^\ast(2^n)$. This algorithm is based on the old dynamic programming method introduced by Held and Karp for the {\sc Tra veling Salesman} problem. We use some optimizations that do not affect the worst case running time but improve on the running time on actual instances and can be seen to be practical for small instances. However, our experiments show that the space use d by the algorithm is an important factor to what input sizes the algorithm is effective. For this purpose, we settle the problem of computing treewidth under the restriction that the space used is only polynomial. In this direction we give a simple $O^\ast(4^n)$ al gorithm that requires {\em polynomial} space. We also show that with a more complicated algorithm, using balanced separators, {\sc Treewidth} can be computed in $O^\ast(2.9512^n)$ time and polynomial space.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 20
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    Coarse Grained Molecular Kinetics (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-10
    Description: The dynamic behavior of molecules can often be described by Markov processes. From computational molecular simulations one can derive transition rates or transition probabilities between subsets of the discretized conformational space. On the basis of this dynamic information, the spatial subsets are combined into a small number of so-called metastable molecular conformations. This is done by clustering methods like the Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+). Up to now it is an open question how this coarse graining in space can be transformed to a coarse graining of the Markov chain while preserving the essential dynamic information. In the following article we aim at a consistent coarse graining of transition probabilities or rates on the basis of metastable conformations such that important physical and mathematical relations are preserved. This approach is new because PCCA+ computes molecular conformations as linear combinations of the dominant eigenvectors of the transition matrix which does not hold for other clustering methods.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 21
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    RSWK/SWD und Faceted Browsing: neue Möglichkeiten einer inhaltlich-intuitiven Navigation (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Das deutschsprachige Bibliothekswesen verfügt mit den \glqq Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog \grqq (RSWK) unter Verwendung der \glqq Schlagwortnormdatei \grqq (SWD) über ein Instrumentarium, welches zusammen mit einem \glqq Faceted Browsing \grqq das bisher bestehende Angebot für ein Information Retrieval optimal ergänzen kann. Die Verbindung zwischen Standardvokabular (SWD) und Kettenbildung (RSWK) einerseits und eine nach Facetten-Eigenschaften gegliederte Navigation andererseits unterstützt bestmöglich eine inhaltlich bezogene Recherche. Die Stärken und Schwächen der RSWK/SWD werden erörtert und auch Klassifikationen (DDC und RVK) als mögliche Facetten diskutiert.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 22
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    Accuracy, Stability, Convergence of Rigorous Thermodynamic Sampling Methods (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 23
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    Primal Heuristics for Mixed Integer Programs (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: A lot of problems arising in Combinatorial Optimization and Operations Research can be formulated as Mixed Integer Programs (MIP). Although MIP-solving is an NP-hard optimization problem, many practically relevant instances can be solved in reasonable time. In modern MIP-solvers like the branch-cut-and-price-framework SCIP, primal heuristics play a major role in finding and improving feasible solutions at the early steps of the solution process. This helps to reduce the overall computational effort, guides the remaining search process, and proves the feasibility of the MIP model. Furthermore, a heuristic solution with a small gap to optimality often is sufficient in practice. We investigate 16 different heuristics, all of which are available in SCIP. Four of them arise from the literature of the last decade, nine are specific implementations of general heuristic ideas, three have been newly developed. We present an improved version of the feasibility pump heuristic by Fischetti et al., which in experiments produced solutions with only a third of the optimality gap compared to the original version. Furthermore, we introduce two new Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) heuristics. Crossover is an LNS improvement heuristic making use of similarities of diverse MIP solutions to generate new incumbent solutions. RENS is an LNS rounding heuristic which evaluates the space of all possible roundings of a fractional LP-solution. This heuristic makes it possible to determine whether a point can be rounded to an integer solution and which is the best possible rounding. We conclude with a computational comparison of all described heuristics. It points out that a single heuristic on its own has only a slight impact on the overall performance of SCIP, but the combination of all of them reduces the running time by a factor of two compared to a version without any heuristics.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 24
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    A cartesian grid finite volume method for the solution of the Poisson equation with variable coefficients and embedded interfaces (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We present a finite volume method for the solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation $ \nabla\cdot( \beta( {\mbox{\boldmath $x$}}) \nabla u({\mbox{\boldmath $x$}})) = f(\mbox{\boldmath $x$}) $ with variable, discontinuous coefficients and solution discontinuities on irregular domains. The method uses bilinear ansatz functions on Cartesian grids for the solution $u({\mbox{\boldmath $x$})$ resulting in a compact nine-point stencil. The resulting linear problem has been solved with a standard multigrid solver. Singularities associated with vanishing partial volumes of intersected grid cells or the dual bilinear ansatz itself are removed by a two-step asymptotic approach. The method achieves second order of accuracy in the $L^\infty$ and $L^2$ norm.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 25
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    Efficient Sampling of the Stationary Distribution of Metastable Dynamical Systems (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-11
    Description: In this article we aim at an efficient sampling of the stationary distribution of dynamical systems in the presence of metastabilities. In the past decade many sophisticated algorithms have been inven ted in this field. We do not want to simply add a further one. We address the problem that one has applied a sampling algorithm for a dynamical system many times. This leads to different samplings which more or less represent the stationary distribution partially very well, but which are still far away from ergodicity or from the global stationary distribution. We will show how these samplings can be joined together in order to get one global sampling of the stationary distribution.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 26
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    Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Linear and Convex Optimization on Jump Systems (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The concept of jump system, introduced by Buchet and Cunningham (1995), is a set of integer points with a certain exchange property. In this paper, we discuss several linear and convex optimization problems on jump systems and show that these problems can be solved in polynomial time under the assumption that a membership oracle for a jump system is available. We firstly present a polynomial-time implementation of the greedy algorithm for the minimization of a linear function. We then consider the minimization of a separable-convex function on a jump system, and propose the first polynomial-time algorithm for this problem. The algorithm is based on the domain reduction approach developed in Shioura (1998). We finally consider the concept of M-convex functions on constant-parity jump systems which has been recently proposed by Murota (2006). It is shown that the minimization of an M-convex function can be solved in polynomial time by the domain reduction approach.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Packing and Partitioning Orbitopes (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: We introduce orbitopes as the convex hulls of 0/1-matrices that are lexicographically maximal subject to a group acting on the columns. Special cases are packing and partitioning orbitopes, which arise from restrictions to matrices with at most or exactly one 1-entry in each row, respectively. The goal of investigating these polytopes is to gain insight into ways of breaking certain symmetries in integer programs by adding constraints, e.g., for a well-known formulation of the graph coloring problem. We provide a thorough polyhedral investigation of packing and partitioning orbitopes for the cases in which the group acting on the columns is the cyclic group or the symmetric group. Our main results are complete linear inequality descriptions of these polytopes by facet-defining inequalities. For the cyclic group case, the descriptions turn out to be totally unimodular, while for the symmetric group case, both the description and the proof are more involved. The associated separation problems can be solved in linear time.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    LP-Based Local Approximation for Markov Decision Problems (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-21
    Description: The standard computational methods for computing the optimal value functions of Markov Decision Problems (MDP) require the exploration of the entire state space. This is practically infeasible for applications with huge numbers of states as they arise, e.\,g., from modeling the decisions in online optimization problems by MDPs. Exploiting column generation techniques, we propose and apply an LP-based method to determine an $\varepsilon$-approximation of the optimal value function at a given state by inspecting only states in a small neighborhood. In the context of online optimization problems, we use these methods in order to evaluate the quality of concrete policies with respect to given initial states. Moreover, the tools can also be used to obtain evidence of the impact of single decisions. This way, they can be utilized in the design of policies.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 29
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    Ein gemischt-ganzzahliges lineares Optimierungsmodell für ein Laserschweißproblem im Karosseriebau (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-21
    Description: Wir beschäftigen uns mit dem Problem der Betriebsplanung von Laserschweißrobotern im Karosseriebau. Gegeben ist eine Menge von Schweißnähten, die innerhalb einer Fertigungszelle an einem Karosserieteil gefertigt werden müssen. Die Schweißnähte werden durch mehrere parallel betriebene Roboter bearbeitet. Die Aufgabe besteht darin, für jeden Roboter eine Reihenfolge und eine zeitliche Koordinierung seiner Bewegungen zu finden, so dass alle Schweißnähte innerhalb der Taktzeit der Fertigungszelle bearbeitet werden und so wenig Laserquellen wie möglich eingesetzt werden. Dabei müssen einige Nebenbedingungen berücksichtigt werden. Für dieses spezielle Schweißproblem haben wir eine Formulierung als gemischt-ganzzahliges lineares Programm entwickelt, welches sich für die untersuchten praktischen Fälle sehr schnell lösen lässt.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 30
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    Software for Teaching Modeling of Integer Programming Problems (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Modern applications of mathematical programming must take into account a multitude of technical details, business demands, and legal requirements. Teaching the mathematical modeling of such issues and their interrelations requires real-world examples that are well beyond the toy sizes that can be tackled with the student editions of most commercial software packages. We present a new tool, which is freely available for academic use including complete source code. It consists of an algebraic modeling language and a linear mixed integer programming solver. The performance and features of the tool are in the range of current state-of-the-art commercial tools, though not in all aspects as good as the best ones. Our tool does allow the execution and analysis of large real-world instances in the classroom and can therefore enhance the teaching of problem solving issues. Teaching experience has been gathered and practical usability was tested in classes at several universities and a two week intensive block course at TU Berlin. The feedback from students and teachers has been very positive.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 31
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    On the Bottleneck Shortest Path Problem (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-21
    Description: The Bottleneck Shortest Path Problem is a basic problem in network optimization. The goal is to determine the limiting capacity of any path between two specified vertices of the network. This is equivalent to determining the unsplittable maximum flow between the two vertices. In this note we analyze the complexity of the problem, its relation to the Shortest Path Problem, and the impact of the underlying machine/computation model.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 32
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    Graph Coloring Manifolds (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We introduce a new and rich class of graph coloring manifolds via the Hom complex construction of Lov\´{a}sz. The class comprises examples of Stiefel manifolds, series of spheres and products of spheres, cubical surfaces, as well as examples of Seifert manifolds. Asymptotically, graph coloring manifolds provide examples of highly connected, highly symmetric manifolds.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 33
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    Polyhedra of Genus 3 with 10 Vertices and Minimal Coordinates (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We give coordinate-minimal geometric realizations in general position for 17 of the 20 vertex-minimal triangulations of the orientable surface of genus 3 in the 5x5x5-cube.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 34
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    ConFlow? A new space-based Application for complete Conformational Analysis of Molecules (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Biochemical interactions are determined by the 3D-structure of the involved components - thus the identification of conformations is a key for many applications in rational drug design. {\sf ConFlow} is a new multilevel approach to conformational analysis with main focus on completeness in investigation of conformational space. In contrast to known conformational analysis, the starting point for design is a space-based description of conformational areas. A tight integration of sampling and analysis leads to an identification of conformational areas simultaneously during sampling. An incremental decomposition of high-dimensional conformational space is used to guide the analysis. A new concept for the description of conformations and their path connected components based on convex hulls and {\em Hypercubes}is developed. The first results of the {\sf ConFlow} application constitute a 'proof of concept' and are further more highly encouraging. In comparison to conventional industrial applications, {\sf ConFlow} achieves higher accuracy and a specified degree of completeness with comparable effort.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 35
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    Iteratively Solving Linear Inverse Problems under General Convex Contraints (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We consider linear inverse problems where the solution is assumed to fulfill some general homogeneous convex constraint. We develop an algorithm that amounts to a projected Landweber iteration and that provides and iterative approach to the solution of this inverse problem. For relatively moderate assumptions on the constraint we can always prove weak convergence of the iterative scheme. In certain cases, i.e. for special families of convex constraints, weak convergence implies norm convergence. The presented approach covers a wide range of problems, e.g. Besov- or BV-restoration for which we present also numerical experiments in the context of image processing.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 36
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    Stable computation of probability densities for metastable dynamical systems (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-10
    Description: Whenever the invariant stationary density of metastable dynamical systems decomposes into almost invariant partial densities, its computation as eigenvector of some transition probability matrix is an ill-conditioned problem. In order to avoid this computational difficulty, we suggest to apply an aggregation/disaggregation method which only addresses wellconditioned sub-problems and thus results in a stable algorithm. In contrast to existing methods, the aggregation step is done via a sampling algorithm which covers only small patches of the sampling space. Finally, the theoretical analysis is illustrated by two biomolecular examples.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    Facets of the (s,t)-p-path polytope (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-29
    Description: \noindent We give a partial description of the $(s,t)-p$-path polytope of a directed graph $D$ which is the convex hull of the incidence vectors of simple directed $(s,t)$-paths in $D$ of length $p$. First, we point out how the $(s,t)-p$-path polytope is located in the family of path and cycle polyhedra. Next, we give some classes of valid inequalities which are very similar to inequalities which are valid for the $p$-cycle polytope, that is, the convex hull of the incidence vectors of simple cycles of length $p$ in $D$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for these inequalities to be facet defining. Furthermore, we consider a class of inequalities that has been identifie d to be valid for $(s,t)$-paths of cardinality at most $p$. Finally, we transfer the results to related polytopes, in particular, the undirected counterpart of the $(s,t)-p$-path polytope.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    A Contact-Stabilized Newmark Method for Dynamical Contact Problems (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: The numerical integration of dynamical contact problems often leads to instabilities at contact boundaries caused by the non-penetration condition between bodies in contact. Even a recent energy dissipative modification due to Kane et al. (1999), which discretizes the non-penetration constraints implicitly, is not able to circumvent artificial oscillations. For this reason, the present paper suggests a contact stabilization which avoids artificial oscillations at contact interfaces and is also energy dissipative. The key idea of this contact stabilization is an additional $L^2$-projection at contact interfaces, which can easily be added to any existing time integration scheme. In case of a lumped mass matrix, this projection can be carried out completely locally, thus creating only negligible additional numerical cost. For the new scheme, an elementary analysis is given, which is confirmed by numerical findings in an illustrative test example (Hertzian two body contact).
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 39
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    Implementation eines Resourcebrokers im Kontext eines Grid-Datenmanagement-Systems (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 40
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    Enumeration and Random Realization of Triangulated Surfaces (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We discuss different approaches for the enumeration of triangulated surfaces. In particular, we enumerate all triangulated surfaces with 9 and 10 vertices. We also show how geometric realizations of orientable surfaces with few vertices can be obtained by choosing coordinates randomly.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 41
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    Note on L#-convex Function Minimization Algorithms: Comparison of Murota's and Kolmogorov's Algorithms (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The concept of L##-convexity is introduced by Fujishige--Murota (2000) as a discrete convexity for functions defined over the integer lattice. The main aim of this note is to understand the difference of the two algorithms for L##-convex function minimization: Murota's steepest descent algorithm (2003) and Kolmogorov's primal algorithm (2005).
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 42
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    Triangulated Manifolds with Few Vertices: Combinatorial Manifolds (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this survey on combinatorial properties of triangulated manifolds we discuss various lower bounds on the number of vertices of simplicial and combinatorial manifolds. Moreover, we give a list of all known examples of vertex-minimal triangulations.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 43
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    Optimizing the Landside Operation of a Container Terminal (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: This paper concerns the problem of operating a landside container exchange area that is serviced by multiple semi-automated rail mounted gantry cranes (RMGs) that are moving on a single bi-directional traveling lane. Such a facility is being built by Patrick Corporation at the Port Botany terminal in Sydney. The gantry cranes are a scarce resource and handle the bulk of container movements. Thus, they require a sophisticated analysis to achieve near optimal utilization. We present a three stage algorithm to manage the container exchange facility, including the scheduling of cranes, the control of associated short-term container stacking, and the allocation of delivery locations for trucks and other container transporters. The key components of our approach are a time scale decomposition, whereby an integer program controls decisions across a long time horizon to produce a balanced plan that is fed to a series of short time scale online subproblems, and a highly efficient space-time divisioning of short term storage areas. A computational evaluation shows that our heuristic can find effective solutions for the planning problem; on real-world data it yields a solution at most~8\% above a lower bound on optimal RMG utilization.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 44
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    Triangulated Manifolds with Few Vertices: Vertex-Transitive Triangulations I (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We describe an algorithm for the enumeration of (candidates of) vertex-transitive combinatorial $d$-manifolds. With an implementation of our algorithm, we determine, up to combinatorial equivalence, all combinatorial manifolds with a vertex-transitive automorphism group on $n\leq 13$ vertices. With the exception of actions of groups of small order, the enumeration is extended to 14 and 15 vertices.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 45
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    Polyhedra of Genus 2 with 10 Vertices and Minimal Coordinates (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We give coordinate-minimal geometric realizations in general position of all 865 vertex-minimal triangulations of the orientable surface of genus 2 in the 4x4x4-cube.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 46
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    Combinatorial 3-Manifolds with 10 Vertices (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We give a complete enumeration of combinatorial 3-manifolds with 10 vertices: There are precisely 247882 triangulated 3-spheres with 10 vertices as well as 518 vertex-minimal triangulations of the sphere product $S^2 x S^1$ and 615 triangulations of the twisted sphere product $S^2 \underline{x} S^1$. An analysis of the 3-spheres with up to 10 vertices shows that all these spheres are shellable, but that there are 29 vertex-minimal non-shellable 3-balls with 9 vertices.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 47
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    Adaptive Linearly Implicit Methods for Linear Poroelastic Equations (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Adaptive numerical methods in time and space are introduced and studied for linear poroelastic models in two and three space dimensions. We present equivalent models for linear poroelasticity and choose both the {\em displacement--pressure} and the {\em stress--pressure} formulation for our computations. Their discretizations are provided by means of linearly implicit schemes in time and linear finite elements in space. Our concept of adaptivity opens a way to a fast and reliable simulation of different loading cases defined by corresponding boundary conditions. We present some examples using our code {\sf Kardos} and show that the method works efficiently. In particular, it could be used in the simulation of some bone healing models.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 48
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    A computational approach to microRNA detection (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: During the last few years more and more functionalities of RNA have been discovered that were previously thought of being carried out by proteins alone. One of the most striking discoveries was the de tection of microRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Large-scale analyses are needed for the still increasingly growing amount of sequen ce data derived from new experimental technologies. In this paper we present a framework for the detection of the distinctive precursor structure of microRNAS that is based on the well-known Smith-Wat erman algorithm and various filtering steps. We conducted experiments on real genomic data and we found several new putative hits for microRNA precursor structures.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 49
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    Neustart für Bibliotheken ins Informationszeitalter (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Wir erleben zu Beginn des aufkommenden Informationszeitalters mit dem Siegeszug von Google und anderen Internet-Technologien einen Wandel im Verhalten von Wissenschaftlern und Studenten, der mit dem Einsatz von {\sl Google Scholar} und {\sl Google Book Search} einen Paradigmenwechsel für Bibliotheken und Informationsversorger gleichkommt. Der Artikel untersucht die technischen Hintergründe für den Erfolg dieser besonderen Art des Information Retrievals: Fulltext Indexing und Citation Ranking als besondere Form des Information Minig. Er diskutiert Stärken und auch Schwächen des Google-Ansatzes. Der Autor stellt sich auch der Frage, unter welchen Bedingungen es möglich ist, ein zu {\sl Google Scholar} und der {\sl Google Book Search} konkurrenzfähiges Retrieval in der Landschaft der Bibliotheken und Bibliotheksverbünde zu entrichten. Die These ist, dass dieses unter Einsatz des {\sl Open Source} Indexierers {\sl Lucene} und des Web-Robots {\sl Nutch} möglich ist. Bibliotheken können durch gezielten Einsatz solcher Internet-Technologien dem Nutzer die Leistungen, welche Google uns mit seinen Tools im {\sl Visible Web} und mit Referenzen auf {\sl Citations} in der Welt der Literatur zur Verfügung stellt, in vergleichbarer Art auch für ihre eigenen durch Lizenzen geschützten digitalen Journale und ihre speziellen lokal verfügbaren Ressourcen, auf die Internet-Suchmaschinen keine Zugriff haben, anbieten. Es besteht die Hoffnung, dass Nutzer dann nicht - wie in einer kürzlichen Studie des OCLC konstatiert - überwiegend im Internet verbleiben, sondern bei ihrer Suche auch den Weg zu den Angeboten der örtlichen Bibliothek attraktiv finden.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 50
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    Waiting times for M/M systems under generalized processor sharing (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We consider a system where the arrivals form a Poisson process and the required service times of the requests are exponentially distributed. According to the generalized processor sharing discipline, each request in the system receives a fraction of the capacity of one processor which depends on the actual number of requests in the system. We derive systems of ordinary differential equations for the LST and for the moments of the conditional waiting time of a request with given required service time as well as a stable and fast recursive algorithm for the LST of the second moment of the conditional waiting time, which in particular yields the second moment of the unconditional waiting time. Moreover, asymptotically tight upper bounds for the moments of the conditional waiting time are given. The presented numerical results for the first two moments of the sojourn times in the $M/M/m-PS$ system show that the proposed algorithms work well.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 51
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    Domain Decomposition Method for Maxwell's Equations: Scattering off Periodic Structures (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
    Description: We present a domain decomposition approach for the computation of the electromagnetic field within periodic structures. We use a Schwarz method with transparent boundary conditions at the interfaces of the domains. Transparent boundary conditions are approximated by the perfectly matched layer method (PML). To cope with Wood anomalies appearing in periodic structures an adaptive strategy to determine optimal PML parameters is developed. We focus on the application to typical EUV lithography line masks. Light propagation within the multi-layer stack of the EUV mask is treated analytically. This results in a drastic reduction of the computational costs and allows for the simulation of next generation lithography masks on a standard personal computer.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of polysaccharide with Xanthomonas campestris (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 51-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Industrially important polysaccharides are now primarily obtained from plant sources. One exception is the exocellular bacterial polysaccharide, dextran. A survey at the Northern Laboratory revealed that many other microbial polysaccharides could be synthesized by the action of micro-organisms on starch-derived saccharides. Previous publications from this laboratory describe the production of the microbial polymer, phosphomannan, synthesized by the yeast Hansenula holstii. This paper describes the production of another polysaccharide, synthesized by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459.Fermentation of media containing 3 per cent dextrose, seeded with 5 per cent inoculum of X. campestris NRRL B-1459 and cultured aerobically at 28°C, is complete in 96 h. A light tan polymer is recovered in yields of 50 per cent, based on commercial dextrose, from the viscous fermentation broth by precipitation with methanol in the presence of an electrolyte. The viscosities of aqueous re-solutions containing 1 and 2 per cent of the polymer were 3,000 cP and 11,000 cP respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030107
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-exchange chromatography of the streptomycin complex (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various studies have revealed the presence of several maltolproducing compounds in streptomycin preparations. These previous studies have utilized the techniques of counter-current distribution, column chromatography, paper chromatography, and electrophoresis. A system of cation-exchange chromatography has been reported which separates, at least partially, six components of the streptomycin complex. This technique involves the use of a gradient elution procedure.In addition to five maltol-producing compounds, another member of the complex is reported. The possible significance of such a compound is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030109
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Percentage estimation of denitrifying bacteria (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030113
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  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030401
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  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chemical sterilization of liquid media with beta-propiolactone and ethylene oxidePresented at the 138th National Meeting, American Chemical Society, New York, September 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effectiveness of beta-propiolactone (BPL) and ethylene oxides as sterilants for liquid microbiological media was studied. Preliminary tests against heavy suspensions of B. coagulans in various media confirmed the sterilizing levels found by earlier investigators. In actinomycin fermentation tests, both compounds were found to sterilize effectively at concentrations up to 0·5 per cent without significant effects on the growth-promoting qualities of the medium. At the concentrations required to sterilize large numbers of spores (0·5-1·0 per cent), however, both agents exhibit inhibitory effects on the fermentation. In these cases BPL is less damaging than ethylene oxide.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030308
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    Dihydroxyacetone: Production and usesPresented at the 140th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 1961. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on numerous reports in the literature, it appeared that the commerical production of dihydroxyacetone by microbial fermentation was not feasible due to the comparatively long duration of fermentation and the low total yield that could be obtained per fermentor. A new study has indicated that by adjusting environmental conditions and by modifying mash ingredients, commerical production of dihyroxyacetone via microbial oxidation of glycerol is practicable. The effect of these variables on the rate and extent of dihydroxyacetone production is discussed. The commerical and pharmaceutical uses of dihydroxyacetone and its derivatives is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030404
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    Small-scale studies of microbiological oxidation of hydrocarbons to long-chain fatty acids (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 219-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Several strains of Pseudomonas, Nocardia and incompletely identified soil isolates have been grown in a mineral salts plus hydrocarbon medium, and the fatty acids produced by the organisms have been isolated, identified and estimated. The results of an estimation of the percentage conversion to these acids under varying experimental conditions is discussed in relation to the metabolic systems involved. Some indication has been obtained that the hydrocarbon breakdown pathway by these organisms is that of ω oxidation followed by β oxidation. Preliminary experiments carried out with one strain of organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5940, indicate that there may be some difference in the utilization of odd- and even-chain hydrocarbons by this organism. An improvement of 3 ·8-fold was obtained by using nitrate instead of ammonium nitrogen; 13-fold by using continuous instead of batch operation; and 8-fold by the use of liquid instead of solid paraffins, giving a total improvement of yield of 400-fold.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030302
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    Adsorption method for measuring the specific and average areas of cells (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a method for measuring the specific area (area/mass) of micro-organisms and the average area of cells, based on the adsorption of dyes.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030303
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    Redox potential changes in the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid fermentation - I. Correlation between redox potential and dissolved-oxygen concentrationData presented in this paper were taken from a thesis, submitted in June, 1961, to St. John's University, New York, as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The redox potential changes in the oxidative fermentation of L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid were investigated, using a mutant strain of Pseudomonas. The growth medium contained sorbose as the sole carbohydrate source. It was found that the redox potential curve of the fermenting system indicated qualitatively the existing oxygen demand of the culture. Increasing aeration rates led to higher oxygen demand and lower redox potentials. A comparison of the redox potential curves revealed that although the amount of dissolved oxygen directly affected the respiration of the culture, it did not necessarily mean respiratory insufficiency. The redox potential difference between the aerated and the deoxygenated (nitrogen flushed) fermentation broth was found to be linearly proportional to the logarithm of the dissolved-oxygen concentration. This observation served as the basis of a new quantitative method of dissolved-oxygen measurement, for which the name differential redoxymetry was proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030304
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    Inhibition of microbiological breakdown of Δ1,4-androstadienedione with cyclic compounds (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030309
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    Mathematical models for the product accumulation in microbiolgical processes (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 95-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A production model consisting of one or more exponential decay functions is proposed to represent the rate of accumulation of a product per unit weight of cell. This, together with a cell age distribution function, is used to describe the product accumulation in a fermentation process.This postulate offers a unified concept applicable to both batch and continuous processes as well as problems arising from environmental changes. The idea is compatible with the current understanding of microbial physiology. It offers an interpretation for the controversy over cell-product ratios observed in some batch and continuous fermentations when treated as conventional chemical reaction. The proposed postulate fits reasonably well with the lysine and lactic acid processes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030111
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030201
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030101
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    Cation exchangers on a sugar-beet pulp base. Application for decontaminating radioactive waste water (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 7-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cation exchanger suitable for decontaminating low and medium radioactive waste water was sought. Regeneration being considered undesirable, the exchange material had to be cheap and readily obtainable. Sugar-beet pulp, a weakly acidic cation exchanger, satisfies these conditions. Its capacity is about 0·62 mg eq. per gram of dry matter. In order to study the selectivity of the sugar-beet pulp exchanger, the equilibrium curve of the reaction was determined.This curve was found to have the shape of the hyperbola proposed by Waterman and Weber for the characterization of the course of simultaneous reactions. Sugar-beet pulp adsorbs the salts of the alkaline earth metals selectively in the presence of both Na+ and La+++. Sugar-beet pulp was used to decontaminate a solution containing 140BaCl2 and 140LaCl3 and having an activity of about 10-2 μc/ml. The results were satisfactory.By treating sugar-beet pulp with formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, the amount of water bound to the pulp is very much decreased. By this treatment a cation exchanger is produced having a capacity per unit volume about six times greater than that of sugar-beet pulp. The capacity of this exchanger is about 0·5 mg eq. per gram of dry matter. The selective behaviour of sugar-beet pulp treated with formaldehyde is similar to that of unmodified sugar-beet pulp.By treating sugar-beet pulp with formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid, a cation exchanger with very good mechanical and filtration properties is obtained. This exchanger has a capacity of about 1·3 mg eq. per gram of dry matter.It seems possible to employ the cation exchangers obtained by treatment of sugar-beet pulp with either formaldehyde and HCl or formaldehyde, HCl and H2SO4 also for purposes other than the removal of radioactive cations from water.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030103
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    The prediction of oxygen transfer rates in the presence of mould mycelium (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An empirical relationship of oxygen transfer rate and mould viscosity is discussed, which leads to equations for predicting the OTR of mould fermentations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030102
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    The disintegration of bacteria and other micro-organisms by the M.S.E.-Mullard Ultrasonic disintegrator (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 405-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two commercially available ultrasonic instruments are described, in which micro-organisms and other cells may be disintegrated.Sound waves (20 kc/s) are generated in the cell suspension by means of titanium velocity transformers (probes) coupled to a magnetostriction transducer. One instrument operating at 500 W will disintegrate from 2 to 500 ml, the other operating at 50 W from 1 ml to 30 ml.Yeast was used as a test organism but results on some other organisms are also given. Cell rupture is shown to be independent of sonically generated free radicals, but enzyme inactivation (alcohol dehydrogenase) is accelerated by free radicals. Increasing the viscosity, decreasing surface tension of the suspending medium, or the presence of CO2 decreases disintegration. The addition of solid nuclei such as powdered glass, as well as small air bubbles, increases disintegration.This is consistent with disintegration being due to cavitation, but does not indicate the precise mechanism of cell rupture. Some effects of sonic disruption are compared with disruption by other methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030408
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    An improved pH electrode assembly for pilot plant and plant fermentorsPresented 138th National Meeting, American Chemical Society, New York, N.Y., September, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A modified pH electrode assembly is desccribed which is capable of steam sterilization and which can be installed in steel fermentors of all sizes in a variety of ways. Its design is such that electrode life is prolonged and contamination hazards are reduced.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030203
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    A method for the preparation of undigested bacterial cell wallsThe work reported in this paper was made possible through Research Grant (E-2690) from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, to the University of Pennsylvania. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The combination of low-temperature disintegration with gradient and pile centrifugation makes possible the preparation of bacterial cell walls under conditions preventing digestion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030205
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    Bacterial sulphide production from sulphate-enriched spent distillery liquor - II (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 181-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Accumulation of volatile acids produced during anaerobic fermentation of distillery-spent liquor decreased the activity of Desulphovibrio desulphuricans employed in previously communicated studies; this caused a decrease in the reduction of sulphates to sulphides. An enriched strain of Desulphovibrio rubentschikii made in a synthetic mineral medium (NH4Cl, 1·0 g; MgSO4·7H2O, 2·0 g; NaCl, 10·0 g; CaSO4, 1·0 g; calcium acetate, 1·0 g; K2HPO4, 0·5 g; Mohrs' salt, trace in 1 l.) using calcium acetate as the substrate and carbon from the tap-water was gradually built up to a 3-1. volume. The amount of hydrogen sulphide in this medium was found to be 225 mg/l. The fermentation was next carried out in a synthetic medium containing volatile acids from distillery-spent liquor as the only substrate. A 3-1. fermentation set up with diluted distillery-spent liquor (300 ml or raw liquor in 3,000 ml of water), neutralized with NaOH to pH 7·2 and supplemented with calcium sulphate and 0·1 per cent urea, showed sulphide productions (calculated as milligrams of hydrogen sulphide per litre of raw distillery-spent liquid) of 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 with 0·1, 1·0 and 2·0 per cent calcium sulphate in the charge respectively. The volatile acid content, expressed as acetic acid, was 18,564 mg/litre of raw distillery-spent liquor on an average throughout the study. The ratio of hydrogen sulphide produced per litre of raw distillery-spent liquor to the amount of volatile acids developed expressed in milliequivalents per litre of raw liquor during fermentation increased gradually from 0·1367 to 0·5567 in the presence of 0·1 to 2·0 per cent of calcium sulphate in the charge.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030208
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    Measurement of dissolved oxygen in fermentationsPublished with the approval of the Director of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. Supported in part by funds from Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 261-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two methods have been investigated for the measurement of dissolved oxygen in fermentations: the tubing method and the probe method. The sensing elements for both methods are steam-sterilizable and measure only the oxygen tension in the liquid phase. The tubing method is probably the most accurate and reliable method available for measurement of dissolved oxygen in fermentations but it requires extensive ancillary apparatus.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030306
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    A rapid estimation of prednisolone produced by fermentative oxidation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analytical method has been devised for the rapid determination of prednisolone produced in a fermentative oxidation process. It allows frequent checking of concentrations of the prednisolone formed during the oxidation of hydrocortisone.The estimation of prednisolone in the presence of hydrocortisone is based upon the diversity of colour shown by the chromogens produced from these steroids by sulphuric acid and ethanol. Using the optimal reagent mixture and conditions, the interference of hydrocortisone is negligible. The steroids are extracted from the fermentation broth with ethyl acetate. One test takes about 20 min.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030202
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    Miso - I. Preparation of soybeans for fermentation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 161-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The preparation of soybeans for fermentation is a very important part of the process for making miso, a traditional Japanese food. In general, soybeans from the United States are smaller and more pigmented than Japanese soybeans. Twenty-eight American varieties, four Japanese varieties and one Chinese variety have been studied with respect to absorption of water and cooking. A variety of soaking and cooking conditions have been investigated. Some U.S. varieties absorb water and cook unevenly. Unevenness in cooking is not associated with the size of the beans within a variety.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030206
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    Die technische Herstellung von klinischem dextran durch gelenkte synthese in wachsender Kultur (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 199-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process is described for the production of a specific-molecular-weight dextran, e.g. clinical dextran, by using a modified form of controlled synthesis. The synthesis is carried out directly in a medium containing appropriate amounts of sucrose and low-molecular-weight dextran after inoculation with a culture of actively growing bacteria. The importance of an inoculum substantially freed from substances affecting the synthesis of dextran is demonstrated. The technique appears to offer a decided advantage over other well-known procedures. Technical details of the process and equipment are given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030209
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    A preliminary study of depth filtration at a constant rateThis paper was presented before the ACS meeting held in New York, September 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The constant-rate operation of a system utilizing asbestos filter-pads for the cold sterilization of a tissue culture medium is described. Filtration theory is briefly reviewed with regard to the constant-rate process, and the results of several data treatment methods are reported. The standard law of Hermans and Bredée4, 5 best describes the constant-rate data. Computation of the data, when plotted by the standard-law method, results in two straight lines divided by a transition zone. The second region is characterized by a slower plugging rate and a plot of the standard-law slopes versus the initial filtration pressures shows a linear relation. The constant-rate method is compared with the constant-pressure method and is found to yield equivalent overall filtrate rates at lower operating pressures.The observed filtration behaviour is discussed, and available data are presented to indicate the sterilization capability of the filter.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030204
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    The disintegration of yeast with dry ice and some properties of the extract (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple procedure for the disintegration of yeast cells, by which litre quantities of cell extract (approximately 11 per cent dry weight) may be obtained, is described. The fresh yeast cake is treated with dry ice in a high speed electric homogenizer after which it is left to thaw out at 0°. No addition of buffer has to be made, and the cell juice obtained after centrifugation of the resulting slurry appears to contain different subcellular particles and various enzymes in a relatively native state.When the extract is incubated at higher temperatures, proteolysis will rapidly change the electrophoretic and enzymatic properties, which indicates that procedures involving autolysis may be dangerous when information about the chemical composition of the native enzymes is desired.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030207
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    Production of concentrated cell suspensions: The sponge fermentor (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel fermentor is described in which aerobic microorganisms are grown on solid medium. Cellulose sponges support a nutrient-agar medium, resulting in a large surface area for growth within a relatively small volume. The sponges are alternately squeezed and relaxed within a piston-and-cylinder-type apparatus during fermentation. Provision is made for inoculation, harvesting, and for supplying air during operation. The apparatus has been operated semicontinuously in that there are enough cells left in the sponges after harvest to inoculate fresh medium. Cell concentrations of Serratia marcescens up to 84 × 1010 per ml have been recovered. A growth curve for this micro-organism is given and sample data on semicontinuous operation are presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030403
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    Continuous cultivation of micro-organisms: A new approach and possibilities for its use (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 357-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When trying to turn a batch fermentation process into a continuous process, many important factors must be repected. A new approach is presented by means of which it is possible to reproduce in a continuous system those changes (both inside the cells and in the environment) which are functions of elapsed time (lag-type changes, sudden changes occurring at a constant growth rate of the micro-organisms, etc.). Special attention is paid to lag-type changes. In the hitherto described apparatuses for continuous cultivation it was difficult to follow changes which are functions of time. The use of a multi-stage apparatus is therefore suggested, and a method of cultivation, which through adjusting retention times in individual cultivation vessels allows a detailed study of such changes, is proposed. Basic equations concerning the growth of microorganisms in the described apparatus are derived and some examples of the possible practical use of the new approach are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030405
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Chemical separation methods for common microbes (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 395-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To collect microbes from suspensions by a process other than centrifugation, it has been found effective to add inorganic and organic electrolytes in the colloidal state. The addition of electrolytes causes a neutralization of charges on the particles in suspension resulting in their coagulation and precipitation. High-molecular-weight compounds which form micelles also promote coagulation and precipitation. It is believed that chemical collection is an extremely efficient method of treatment for the mass production of microbial suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030407
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue apparatur zur Herstellung von Schüttelkulturen von Mikroorganismen (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple apparatus for preparing shake cultures of microorganisms on a laboratory scale is described. Using a series of special shaking vessels, each of a capacity of 1-10 l., a total volume of 20-200 l. of culture can be produced in one run. The rate of aeration is similar to the one observed in shake flasks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030402
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume increase of wheat kernels accompanying absorption of liquid water (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 377-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purposes of this investigation were to determine the relationship between weight and volume increases which take place when wheat kernels are immersed in water, to develop an equation for the volume increase, and to test experimentally its validity.It was shown that the volume increase was practically equal to the weight increase divided by the fluid density. In view of this, the following equation was obtained by analogy to the diffusion equation derived by Becker.1 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 1 - \bar V = \frac{2}{{\sqrt \pi }}\frac{S}{V}\sqrt {D_\upsilon \theta } $$\end{document} where 1 - V̄ is the relative volume increase, and Dv is the coefficient of volume increase.The average coefficients of volume increase are given by the Arrhenius relation as: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} D_\upsilon = 1{\cdot}068\ e^{ - 10,129/RT} & \hbox{for Ponca wheat} \\ D_\upsilon = 1{\cdot}240\ e^{ - 11,030/RT} & \hbox{for Seneca wheat} \end{array} $$\end{document}The results obtained in this investigation provide useful information for designing the steeping vessels.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030406
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Rapid determination of 17-α-oxy-11-desoxy-corticosterone in the course of biological fermentative oxidations (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A rapid analytical method has been developed to follow the biological oxidation of 17-α-oxy-11-desoxy-corticosterone (Reichstein compound S) to hydrocortisone. Paper chromatography is too slow to follow the progress of a preparative microbiological steroid transformation. However, 17-α-oxy-11-desoxy-corticosterone can be separated in a sufficiently pure state for photometric assay by a simple extraction from fermentation broths containing several steroids. This extraction, coupled with the formation of a sulphuric acid chromogen, permits estimation of the steroid in fermentation liquors. The steady decrease of the 17-α-oxy-11-desoxy-compound thus estimated proved to be a true indication of the progress of the oxidation process, allowing it to be stopped at the most favourable time.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030104
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of magnetic iron sulphide by bacterial reduction of iron solutions (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Laboratory scale experiments have been carried out with sulphate-reducing bacteria growing under anaerobic conditions to investigate the removal of iron from iron-containing solutions. The complete removal of iron, as the insoluble sulphide, has been achieved from both ferrous and ferrous-ferric sulphate solutions. It has been found that under certain conditions a magnetic iron sulphide is produced. This aggregates under the influence of a magnetic field and settles at a rate of some 30 in./min. The magnetic sulphide has only been obtained from intermittent continuous cultures. With the system employed, rates of removal of up to 150 mg of iron per litre of culture vessel per hour have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030105
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The recovery of staphylococcal enterotoxin from bacterial culture supernatants by ion exchangeThis work was supported by contributions from various companies and associations of the food industries. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method has been developed for the recovery of enterotoxin from bacterial culture supernatants of staphylococcus strain S-6 by use of the ion-exchange resin Amberlite XE-64 (IRC-50). The enterotoxin from 200 ml of bacterial culture supernatant diluted with one volume of water and adjusted to pH 6 can be removed with 1 g of resin pretreated with 0·02 M sodium phosphate, pH 6·2. The enterotoxin is recovered from the resin with 0·2 M sodium phosphate, pH 6·2, with subsequent precipitation with EtOH at -10°C, dialysis, and freeze drying. Partially purified preparations containing 1 emetic dose per 50μg were obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030106
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spray-drying of tomato puree, groundnut and soyabean proteins and sugar-gelatine solutions (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tomato puree, groundnut and soya protein, and sugar-gelatine solutions were successfully dried in a Scott pilot plant spray-drier. The tomato puree did not need the addition of a carrier provided that the air plenum of the drier was suitably modified. Spray-drying did not change the colour of tomato puree and the protein solutions, the viscosity characteristics of the protein solutions, or the nutritive value of the proteins. The conditions for the successful spray-drying of sugar-gelatine solutions were rather critical. The temperature in the spray-drier had the major effect on the quality of the powders. Published data on spray-drying do not provide a basis for predicting the drying behaviour of different products; experiments on the plant are essential.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030108
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An anti-foam low-temperature laboratory evaporator (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030112
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of bacterial spores and vegetative cells with a miniature spray drier (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A laboratory spray drier with a gas flow of 2 to 3 ft3/min was used to dry suspensions containing spores of Bacillus anthracis or cells of Pasteurella tularensis. Dried material was collected in a 1/2-in. diameter cyclone that retained about 97 per cent of the product from the drier. The particle size distributions of the powders varied with the nature of substances in the suspension to be dried; as much as 80 per cent of the mass in particles 5 μ or less in diameter was obtained only when egg yolk was added to the suspensions. Retention of viability was about 90 per cent for B. anthracis spores and these powders contained from 175 to 522 × 109 viable spores/gram. Retention of viability of P. tularensis cells was 0·6 per cent or greater only when the suspension contained a relatively high proportion of stabilizers. With sucrose-skim milk-thiourea stabilizer about 10 per cent recovery of viability was obtained when the proportion of stabilizer solids to other solids was 3 : 1 or 6 : 1. These powders contained 140 × 109 viable cells per gram and the mass median diameter was 6·0 μ. The properties of the powders suggest that spray dried vaccines may be prepared for use either in suspension or in aerosols.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030110
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030301
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aeration in fermentations (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 277-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Symptoms of oxygen deficiency and variations in dissolved-oxygen level have been described in some typical aerobic fermentations. In bacterial fermentations, dissolved-oxygen levels were almost the same in different parts of the fermentor. As a result, good correlations between apparent and true critical oxygen concentrations were obtained. Poor correlations were obtained in mould fermentations.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030307
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redox potential changes in the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid fermentation - II. Relationship between redox potential and product formationData presented in this paper were taken from a thesis, submitted in June, 1961, to St. John's University, New York, as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the investigation of the redox potential changes of the oxidative fermentation of L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, it was found that the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid formation proceeded favourably at low negative redox potential values. Low redox potentials were maintained in a continuous fermentation process in the chemostat, with a resulting high 2-keto-L-gulonic acid formation rate. L-Tyrosine and some of its analogues stimulated the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid formation. The stimulation seemed to be bound to low redox potential values, and suggested the action of a direct oxidase-type enzyme.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030305
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