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  • 1985-1989  (439)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (286)
  • 1988  (439)
  • 1978  (286)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (378)
  • Ultrastructure  (198)
  • Genetics
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  • 1985-1989  (439)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (286)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characterisation of macrophages (type A cells) in the synovial lining (1988)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 8 (1988), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Synovium ; Macrophages ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localisation of class II and macrophage antigens has been sought in the intimal layer of the human synovium. The cells described as type A in early morphological studies are shown to express both class II antigens and two markers of the macrophage/monocyte lineage of cells, OKM1 and MAB 24. The morphological type B cells were found to express none of these antigens. The findings are consistent with the idea that the synovial lining comprises two cell types, bone-marrow derived macrophages and mesenchymal fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270456
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The locus ceruleus: a possible neural focus for genetic differences in emotionality (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Genetics ; stress ; emotionality ; locus ceruleus ; Maudsley strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Maudsley Reactive and Non-Reactive strains have been developed as a model for the study of individual variations in stress-reactivity, and many differences in biobehavioral systems have been found between them. This review discusses limitations of the ‘emotionality’ construct in accounting for differences between the Maudsley strains and offers an alternative, theoretical approach. Amaral and Sinnamon have proposed that the locus ceruleus (LC) plays a stress-attenuating role in mediating behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine response to prepotent, emergency-provoking stimuli and, building upon this formulation, it is proposed that the LC has been an important focus for gene action in the Maudsley model. It is suggested that the LC of the Non-Reactive strain is more strongly activated by stressful stimuli than the LC of Reactive rats, and is the basis of many of the behavioral and physiological differences between them. Behavioral and biochemical evidence consistent with this proposition is reviewed. Identification of the LC as a target for gene-action in the Maudsley model has an important advantage. It substitutes variations at a specific anatomic location in the brain for a loosely defined construct like emotionality, and the hypothesis is amenable to empirical tests by a variety of experimental approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958923
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-responsiveness to hepatitis-B vaccination: Revaccination and immunogenetic typing (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 670-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Genetics ; Hepatitis-B virus ; Immunogenetics ; Vaccination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The variation in immune responses to standard inoculation of the hepatitis-B virus vaccine suggest that host factors influence response in ways that are not presently understood. We studied 25 low/nonresponding health care workers (anti-HBs titer 〈50 IU/l) after the third inoculation of an experimental hepatitis-B vaccine to determine their immune status (through lymphocyte phenotypes) and HLA type. After application of a fourth inoculation, the seroconverting subjects showed only low anti-HBs levels; three male subjects remained anti-HBs negative. Twelve months after the fourth inoculation only 9 of 25 subjects (36%) maintained anti-HBs titer 〉10 IU/l. Almost all subjects had normal B-cell and CD-4 and CD-8 counts and ratios. Relative to other European populations HLA-A-10 (P〈0.05), B-12 (P〈0.025), CW-5 (P〈0.05), DR-3 (P〈0.025), and DR-5 (P〈0.025) were increased, whereas DR-2 (P〈0.05) was decreased. However, after correction of theP-values for the number of HLA antigens determined, these differences were no longer significant. Furthermore, these HLA types were not the same as those reported in other studies (except for DR-3). We suggest that larger sample sizes or even not yet available immunogenetic markers will be required to prove an “immunogenetic background” in low/nonresponders, if it exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726924
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagenous colitis: Histologic, morphometric, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Report of 21 cases (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Collagenous colitis ; Myofibroblasts ; Myoid cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined 129 colonic biopsies from 21 patients with collagenous colitis, most of whom presented with diarrhoea. Morphometric measurements gave a mean thickness of the subepithelial collagen deposit of 19.5 µ ± 5.1. The trapped fusiform and/or stellate cells within the deposits were identified immunohistochemically as myoid cells, being positive with antibody against smooth muscle cell alpha-actin. Ultrastructurally, these cells have all the characteristic features of myofibroblasts. Similar cells are also present along the crypts, where they were formerly referred to as pericryptal fibroblasts. Although there is still much debate as to the pathogenesis of this condition, we would like to suggest that collagenous colitis is a disease of pericryptal myofibroblasts. During their migration and maturation into the subepithelial region they may synthesize an excess of collagen, under some yet unknown or undefined stimulus/stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00783020
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lipid rich carcinoma ; Breast ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cases of lipid-rich carcinomas of the breast were investigated ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically for alpha-lactalbumin (ALA), lactoferrin (Lfr) and human milk fat globule membrane antigen (HMFG-2). Staining for ALA and Lfr showed intensive reaction on nearly all of the tumour cells whereas immunoreaction for HMFG-2 revealed positivity in single cells. All tumours were negative for steroid receptor content. Ultrastructurally the tumour cells showed numerous intracytoplasmic non-membrane bound lipid droplets which were often found within autophagocytic vacuoles. Neither rough endoplasmic reticulum nor Golgi complexes showed any sign of lipid synthesis. Extrusion of lipid droplets and extracellular lipid deposition was not observed. In conclusion, our findings do not justify the consideration of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast as a clearly defined group of tumours with specific secretory activity. Therefore, the term lipid-rich carcinoma should be used in preference to lipid-secreting, unless there is evidence of active lipid secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716986
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat scratch disease (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 563-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cat scratch disease ; Epidemiology ; Ultrastructure ; Bacterial morphology ; Warthin-Starry stain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aetiological agent of cat scratch disease (CSD) has been unknown for more than 30 years. Recently, a micro-organism clearly shown with Warthin-Starry silver (W-S) stain was found and thought to be a possible cause of the disease. In this study, 32 cases of regional lymphadenopathy histologically compatible with CSD and 20 contrasting cases of lymphadenopathy were examined retrospectively with W-S stain. W-S positive pleomorphic organisms were clearly demonstrated in 20 of the 32 suspected cases of CSD, but in none of the other cases. The onset of disease in these 20 cases with W-S positive organisms occurred between July and January. This seasonal variation in the onset of disease was highly significant (P〈0.005) and was not due to a single epidemic. Moreover, some characteristic morphological features of the organism were found by electron microscopic observations. Ultrastructurally, the organism was a bacterium showing a chain-like arrangement, septal formation, branching and clubbed ends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00844292
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intralipid and hydrocortisone upon human fetal lung cell cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 188 (1988), S. 411-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Human fetal lung cell cultures ; Lamellar bodies ; Pneumocytes type II ; Intralipid ; Hydrocortisone ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometric analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Organotypic cell culture systems of human fetal lungs of 15, 18, and 26 weeks' gestational age were treated with Intralipid, a phosphatidylcholine-containing lipid mixture, and with hydrocortisone of varying concentrations. The lamellar bodies found in the pneumocytes type II were ultrastructurally identified. Their amount was quantitated by point-counting, a morphometrical method. Intralipid had a stimulating effect upon the surfactant production depending on the concentration admitted. This effect was quantitatively compared to the known effect of hydrocortisone. Intralipid at a concentration of 10−2% produced a significant increase of the relative volume of lamellar bodies (P = 0.05) at a gestational age of 18 weeks. This effect is comparable to hydrocortisone treatment at a concentration of 10−1% (P = 0.05) and 10−3% (P = 0.01). At a gestational age of 26 weeks, Intralipid at a concentration of 10−1% (P = 0.01) stimulated lamellar body production. Hydrocortisone had a similar effect at a concentration of 10−1% (P = 0.01). Intralipid does not pass the placenta-barrier and is locally applied by amniocentesis. Therefore, complications to the maternal organism and probably to the fetuses are negligible. The application of Intralipid represents an alternative method to accelerate antenatal surfactant production and to improve the rate of survival of preterm infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851999
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural identification of Merkel cells around the mouth of the newborn marsupial (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 177 (1988), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Marsupial ; Newborn ; Ultrastructure ; Merkel cells ; Mechanoreceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the epidermal cells surrounding the mouth of three newborn marsupial species, the Northern native cat Dasyurus hallucatus, the brush tail possum Trichosurus vulpecula and the Northern brown bandicoot Isoodon macrourus were examined. The presence of Merkel cells, highly sensitive touch receptors, would suggest that the sense of touch aids the relatively underdeveloped newborn marsupial to move from the urinogenital sinus to the pouch and to locate the teat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304737
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esthesioneuroblastoma: a nasal catecholamine-producing tumor of neural crest origin (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 522-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Esthesioneuroblastoma ; Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Catecholamine-producing tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An esthesioneuroblastoma in a 16-year-old male was studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically, using antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine-synthesizing pathway. Tumor cells were fairly uniform in appearance, showing scantly cosinophilic cytoplasm and round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei, and were arranged in nests and cords of various sizes. Ultrastructurally, individual tumor cells had well-developed cell organelles including polyribosomes, microtubules, intermediate filaments, centrioles, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Secretory-like granules were occasionally found, predominantly in the cell processes. Immunohistochemically, many tumor cells were shown to be immunoreactive for TH. This finding strongly suggested that the present tumor was capable of producing catecholamines and that it might be derived from certain sympathetic neuronal cell nests in the superior nasal cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686393
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with intranuclear vacuolar inclusions: a biopsy case of negative light microscopic findings and successful animal transmission (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Slow virus ; Pathology ; Ultrastructure ; Intranuclear vacuolar inclusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a 53-year-old man with a progressive mental deterioration and myoclonic jerks, brain biopsy failed to show any significant light microscopical findings. Electron microscopy revealed membranebound vacuolar inclusions in many neuronal nuclei as the only prominent finding. Hamsters intracerebrally inoculated with the biopsy material demonstrated typical spongiform changes in the gray structures of the brain when sacrificed on the 309th and 332nd days post inoculation, characteristic of experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). These intranuclear vacuolar inclusions, originally reported in experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in this laboratory, may be a valuable electron microscopic feature in some CJD cases and may play an important role in supporting the diagnosis of CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686980
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytomembranous inclusions in the brain of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: AIDS ; Confronting cylindrical cisterns ; Cytomembranous inclusions ; Tubuloreticular inclusions ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of cells and tissues in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have revealed two distinct cytomembranous inclusions referred to as “tubuloreticular inclusions” (TRI) and “confronting cylindrical cisterns” (CCC). TRI are found most often in leukocytes and endothelial cells in conditions with elevated levels of alpha-interferon, such as viral infections, autoimmune diseases and certain neoplasms. On the other hand, CCC are detected almost exclusively in mononuclear inflammatory cells and are limited to a few conditions, of which AIDS is the most common. CCC have been proposed as an ultrastructural marker for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe CCC in mononuclear inflammatory cells in the brain of a patient with AIDS. Finding CCC in brain tissue with no other specific feature such as multinucleated giant cells, nevertheless, should alert the neuropathologist to the possibility that the patient might have AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687686
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of in vitro fertilization in cattle (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: In vitro fertilization ; Bovine ; Ultrastructure ; Ova ; Spermatozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from cows at an abattoir by aspiration from small (1–6 mm) follicles. The complexes were matured in vitro for 28 h. Subsequently, the cumulus cells and the zona pellucida were removed by enzyme treatment in a proportion of the complexes (zona-free ova). Both cumulus-enclosed and zonafree ova were inseminated in vitro and processed for scanning electron microscopy after different periods of culture. In the cumulus-enclosed ova the number of spermatozoa attached to and penetrating into the cumulus investment increased with increasing culture time. Practically all spermatozoa displayed intact acrosomes. In the zona-free ova clusters of spermatozoa attached to the ovum surface, and at 5 h a proportion of the spermatozoa had undergone the acrosome reaction, and their internalization into the ooplasma was initiated. The acrosome reaction was characterized by an increasing fenestration of the membrane coverings of the acrosomal region of the sperm head. During the sperm head internalization, where the ovum microvilli appeared to contact especially the equatorial segment and the postacrosomal region, the sperm head gradually disappeared from the ovum surface, and the microvilli at the site of internalization became more bulbous. Simultaneous abstriction of the second polar body was seen in some ova.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305012
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural abnormalities of in vitro fertilization of in vitro matured bovine oocytes (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; In vitro fertilization ; Bovine ; Ova ; Cortical granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from cows at an abattoir by aspiration from small (1–6 mm) antral follicles were matured and inseminated in vitro. At different time intervals after insemination the ova were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Up to and including 6 h after insemination all ova were unfertilized, and their cortical granules were more or less clustered. At 6 h acrosome reaction of spermatozoa was observed on the surface of the zona pellucida. At 8 h the first fertilized ovum appeared and the first fully developed spherical pronucleus was observed, at 20 h the first apposition of pronuclei was seen, and at 40 h divisions were ongoing or completed. More than one third of the fertilized ova showed polyspermic penetration of the zona pellucida, and in most of these ova different developmental stages of supernumerary pronucleus formation were observed in the ooplasm. Abnormal cortical granule release was seen in approximately half of the fertilized ova, and it was more frequent in ova with polyspermic as opposed to monospermic penetration of the zona pellucida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305013
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of oxygen concentration on embryonic development in rats: a light and electron microscopic study using whole-embryo culture techniques (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Hyperoxia ; Hypoxia ; Teratogenesis ; Rat embryo ; Whole-embryo culture ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By using a whole-embryo culture technique (New 1978), the effects of oxygen concentration (5%, 20% and 95% oxygen) on embryonic development in the rat were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The best embryonic development occurred when the 9.5-day-old embryos were cultured for 24 h with 5% oxygen, and the 10.5-day-old embryos with 20% oxygen (optimum oxygen concentration). When the 9.5- and 10.5-day-old embryos were cultured for 24 h with too little or too much oxygen, retardation of the embryonic growth and abnormal development was observed. Using light microscopy, numerous degenerating cells, exhibiting granular deposits in the cytoplasm, were seen, but the distribution of the degenerating cells was quite different between the two groups. With electron microscopy, the most striking feature of the degenerating cells in the embryos cultured with too little oxygen, was the extreme swelling of the mitochondria without any morphological alterations of the nucleus or the other cell organelles. On the other hand, the characteristic feature of the degenerating cells in the embryos exposed to too much oxygen, was the formation of phagolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Morphological alterations of the nucleus or mitochondria were not evident. In the present study, the possible teratogenic mechanism of too much or too little oxygen in the whole-embryo culture of the rat embryo is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698664
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of the Sertoli cell during the spermatogenic cycle of the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1988), S. 191-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Sertoli cell ; Spermatogenic cycle ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of Sertoli cells from selected stages of the spermatogenic cycle was assessed by morphometric analysis which showed significant changes in the morphological features of Sertoli cell cytoplasm at the commencement of the cycle (stage II) compared to the middle (stages VII-VIII) and the completion of the cycle (stages IX-XIV). Total volume and surface area of organelles (rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, mitochondria and Golgi) exhibited stage-dependent and cyclic variations as did the total surface area of Sertoli cell plasma membrane. Polarization of cytoplasmic organelles to basal or columnar regions of the Sertoli cell, exhibited particularly by the Golgi, rough ER and lysosomes also showed marked cyclic fluctuations during the spermatogenic cycle. Rough and smooth ER exhibited the most dramatic stage-dependent changes in total volume and surface area the former being respectively largest and smallest in stages VII-VIII and XIII-XIV, the latter organelle presenting the reverse pattern in these two groups of stages. Similar stage-dependent alterations of lysosome volume and surface area were also noted, being maximal during stages XIII-XIV-II and reaching a nadir at stage VIII. Although the functional role of most Sertoli cell organelles and inclusions remain largely unknown, the present study suggests that the cyclic and stage-dependent variations in ultrastructure probably reflect major changes in Sertoli cell function necessary for the regulation of the spermatogenic cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304701
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations in port wine stains (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 280 (1988), S. 338-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Port wine stain ; Endothelium ; Basement membrane ; Collagen ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cause for the progressive vascular dilatation in port wine stains remains unclear. We compared the histology and ultrastructure of lesional and adjacent normal skin in paired biopsy specimens of 12 and 8 patients, respectively (age range, 6 to 53 years). In semithin sections, the lesions of all patients showed ectatic vessels and a fine-fibrous or hyaline thickening of the walls of postcapillary venules, as well as in some instances a loosening of the surrounding connective tissue. Ultrastructurally, the wall material consisted predominantly of peripheral deposits of amorphous material interspersed with collagen fibrils (diameter, 35±4 nm); occasionally the number of basal laminae in the inner part was also increased. Cross-banded filamentous aggregates with a periodicity of 95 nm were observed in and around the walls. The endothelium of many patients displayed fenestrations and/or small gaps. Various kinds of alterations of the intervascular connective tissue were found. We conclude that structural alterations of the vascular and later also of the intervascular connective tissue are related to the dilatation of the vessels. These findings are in agreement with the immunopathologically demonstrated increase of basement membrane components in the same biopsy specimens, but are interpreted as secondary phenomena. Endothelial stability and permeability may also be affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426611
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural pathology in emetine-induced myopathy (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 577-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic bodies ; Emetine ; Myopathy ; Sarcomeric lesions ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Progressive myopathy developed in two women who consumed ipecac syrup containing emetine hydrochloride to induce vomiting as part of their anorexia nervosa. Muscle biopsy specimens were characterized by severe disruption of the sarcomeres. The ultrastructural spectrum extended from “Z-band streaming” to the formation of cytoplasmic bodies and also comprised abnormalities of the sarcotubular system, thus suggesting that muscle weakness may be related to both sarcomeric and sarcotubular lesions in this self-inflicted myopathy. It is tempting to suggest that muscle weakness may be correlated with or based on the pathology in sarcomeres and the sarcotubular system. As the myopathy is clinically reversible upon discontinuation of ipecac consumption the morphological findings should also be potentially reversible. Experimentally induced emetine myopathy may, thus, serve as a useful model to study morphological dynamics of sarcomeric lesions, which may be observed separately or simultaneously in a variety of spontaneously occurring human neuromuscular disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686202
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of chromatolytic neurons in an adult-onset sporadic case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Chromatolysis ; Ultrastructure ; Motor neuron disease ; Hyaline intraneuronal inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural features of chromatolytic neurons observed in a sporadic case with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are reported. A 70-year-old woman died of weakness and atrophy of the four limbs, bulbar and facial muscles, and hyperreflexia, of 3 1/2 years' duration. Neuronal loss was marked in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, with degeneration of the pyramidal tracts. Most of the remaining neurons showed chromatolysis. Some of the chromatolytic neurons contained faintly eosinophilic inclusions with a halo. Few spheroids were observed. Hypoglossal nuclei, nucleus ambiguus, motor nuclei of N. VII and N.V were well populated, but contained several chromatolytic neurons. Ultrastructurally, the chromatolytic neurons contained aggregates of fibrils thicker than the 10-nm neurofilaments. These fibrils were arranged randomly, and were closely associated with granular materials as well as rough endoplasmic reticulum. Neurofilamentous accumulations reported to be common in sporadic ALS were rare in this case. No Bunina body was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687142
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new type of cytoplasmic inclusion in human choroid plexus (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Choroid plexus ; Cytoplasmic inclusion ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We described a new type of cytoplasmic inclusion in the choroidal epithelial cells of humans. The inclusions usually appeared as brown, round or elongated bodies with or without an inner core, ranging in size from 1.3 to 7.0 μm. Histochemically, they contained polysaccharides, proteins and compound lipids. Ultrastructurally, they were composed of finely granular and filamentous materials, which are densely packed in the inner core and less dense in the outer zone. The frequency study of the inclusions in 197 autopsied patients revealed that their occurrence had no correlation with the age or the disease category. It is concluded that the inclusions are a nonspecific, but peculiar, change of the choroidal epithelial cells, probably representing the morphological expression of a physiological or pathological alteration of the cellular metabolism at the single-cell level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687675
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenesis of pili annulati (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 280 (1988), S. 308-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Pili annulati ; Ultrastructure ; DACM staining ; Hair cortex ; Protein metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plucked scalp hairs and hair roots of pili annulati were examined to understand their pathogenesis. Stereoscopic examinations of hairs in transmitted light and/or reflected light and light microscopic surveys of the cross-sections of hairs confirmed that the cortical empty spaces appeared to be responsible to the unique dotted shiny appearance of the hairs seen by the unaided eyes under a refracted light. By transmission electron microscope, small vacuoles and dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of the differentiating cortical cells; subsequently, with increasing number of tonofilaments, an uneven distribution of free ribosomes occurred and abnormal spaces containing fine granular substances were formed in the cytoplasm of the cortical cells. Occasionally, extremely large cortical trichohyaline granules were found. In the keratinized hair, irregular empty spaces were present in the cortex of the abnormal hair segments. Histochemically, the keratinized cortex of the affected hairs always had more residual SH groups than the controls. Pili annulati may be a disorder of protein metabolism involving a partial dysfunction of cytoplasmic ribosomes, resulting in a lack of cortical keratin formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440605
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural alterations of collagen fibrils in the reactive type of elastosis perforans serpiginosa (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 280 (1988), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Elastosis perforans serpiginosa ; Collagen fibrils ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440606
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus new genetics for old nightmares (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; linkage analysis ; restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the last five years, genetic markers for a large number of diseases have been localised using linkage analysis of DNA polymorphisms in affected families. The site of the genetic defect or defects leading to Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, a common illness with a major genetic component, remains unknown. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of large well-defined Type 2 diabetic pedigrees suitable for linkage analysis. There are several features of the disease which make large pedigrees difficult to find. The late age of onset of most probands means that informative older generations are often dead, while there is difficulty in detecting disease in younger generations. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes are, as yet, dependent on an arbitrary cut-off along a continuum of plasma glucose. The high prevalence of the disease may also produce problems as, in any given family, diabetogenic genes may be contributed by more than one parent. Varieties of the disease with a well-defined inheritance, such as maturity onset diabetes of youth, are more suitable for linkage analysis but might be due to defects at a different gene locus. Despite these difficulties, once large well-defined pedigrees have been found, linkage analysis using both candidate genes and random highly polymorphic markers is the strategy most likely to find genetic markers for the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271584
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage analysis of the human insulin receptor gene in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic families and a family with maturity onset diabetes of the young (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 792-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; insulin receptor ; linkage analysis ; maturity onset diabetes of the young
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility of linkage between the human insulin receptor gene locus and diabetes was examined in three Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic families and one family with maturity onset diabetes of the young. Insulin receptor gene haplotypes were established using BglII, Rsal and Sstl restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA from all available family members. The digested DNA was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotted, and hybridised to 32P-labelled human insulin receptor gene cDNA. In the pedigree with maturity onset diabetes of the young, formal linkage analysis allowed exclusion of close linkage between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes (logarithm of the odds for linkage versus non-linkage was −5.35 at recombination fraction of 0.01). This confirms the absence of linkage between insulin receptor and diabetes which has been reported in two similar pedigrees. In the three Type 2 diabetic families there were a minimum of 4 recombinants between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes, which makes a direct role for insulin receptor defects unlikely. The importance of using realistic estimates of penetrance when performing linkage analysis in a disease with a late age of onset is emphasised. In contrast to the one previous linkage analysis study of the insulin receptor gene, no specific association of diabetes with the rare Sstl Sl(-) allele was observed in either the maturity onset diabetes of the young or the Type 2 diabetic families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277479
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of AF64A on the cholinergic systems of the retina and optic tectum of goldfish (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 455-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cholinergic toxin ; Retina ; Optic tectum ; ChAT ; Ultrastructure ; Goldfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary AF64A, a presumed selective cholinergic neurotoxin has been used to study the effect on cholinergic systems of the goldfish retina and optic tectum. Toxin injection in the vitreum and in the optic tectum caused a selective decrease of choline acetyltransferase activity in both areas, while no significant decrease of glutamate decarboxylase and D-3H aspartate uptake were observed at different times after the injections. The effect was particularly dramatic in the retina of long term-injected animals, where choline acetyltransferase dropped to practically zero level. The ultrastructural analysis showed selective degeneration of some neurons in the amacrine and ganglion cell layer of the retina as well as of synaptic terminals and neuronal cell bodies in the optic tectum. The results favour a selective cholinotoxicity of AF64A in fish nerve tissue at doses substantially higher than those found to have additional unselective effects in mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247593
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin-immunoreactivity in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 69 (1988), S. 662-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Monkeys ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin-immunoreactivity in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus appears as a plexus of fine, beaded fibers decreasing in density from magnocellular to parvocellular laminae. Ultrastructurally, these fibers show strictures and dilations, and are filled with dense round particles as well as granular material attached to outer mitochondrial membranes and microtubules. Most of the profiles followed in serial sections lack morphologically defined synapses. The few synapses observed are asymmetric, some with subjunctional dense bodies. This appearance suggests a possible excitatory effect mainly on interneurons which in turn would inhibit principal cells. Serotonin released non-synaptically may block the delivery of transmitters from retinal terminals and/or the receptors for such transmitters, thereby exerting a modulatory depressing action on principal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247318
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen-induced alterations in synaptic morphology in the midbrain central gray (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 69 (1988), S. 522-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Estrogen ; Synapse ; Ultrastructure ; Midbrain central gray ; Lordosis behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Axons of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) neurons have been previously shown to terminate in the midbrain central gray (MCG) (Chung et al. 1984, 1986). Since VMH synapses in this region may be involved in the mediation of estrogen-induced lordosis behavior, we examined the effect of estrogen on the morphology of synapses in the MCG. Ovariectomized adult female rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate (10 μg) or the vehicle control and after 20 days of injection, only the estrogen-treated rats showed the lordosis response. A quantitative analysis of MCG tissue from these animals demonstrates morphological changes in various synaptic parameters with estrogen treatment including: 1) an increase in the mean number of dense-cored vesicles and an increase in the number of terminals containing densecored vesicles, 2) an increase in the length of postsynaptic densities (PSDs), 3) an increase in the number of PSDs showing perforations, 4) an increase in the number of synapses, and 5) an increase in the number of synapses with positive synaptic curvature. No alterations in the number of subjunctional bodies were observed. The dense-cored vesicles may contain an estrogen-induced trophic factor which may function in maintaining the integrity of postsynaptic processes and cells in the MCG with which VMN endings contact (Chung et al. submitted) and/or which induces morphological changes in postsynaptic structures which facilitate the effects of estrogen on lordosis behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247306
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinnervation of dopamine neurons by regenerating serotonin axons in the rat medial zona incerta (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 72 (1988), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Zona incerta ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular relationships between serotonin (5-HT) axons and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons were examined by combined (3H)5-HT uptake radioautography and TH immunocytochemistry in the medial zona incerta (ZI) of adult rats, 7 and 50 days after an intracerebral injection of 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Seven days post-lesion, only rare, scattered (3H)5-HT-labeled axon terminals were apparent in the zone of the medial ZI accessible to intraventricularly injected (3H)5-HT. In contrast, in sham-injected animals (3H)5-HT-labeled varicosities were numerous and often observed adjacent to TH-immunoreactive perikarya and dendrites. Fifty days post 5,7-DHT injection, the density of (3H)5-HT-labeled terminals approximated that seen in sham-treated animals. At the ultrastructural level, these regenerated 5-HT axons were similar in size, shape and content to those observed in sham-operated rats. Also, as in sham, some of the (3H)5-HT-labeled axons were directly apposed to TH-immunopositive labeled profiles. The latter included large dendritic shafts and dendritic spines, but only rare perikarya. In both sham- and 5,7-DHT-treated animals a few of the contacts between (3H)5-HT-labeled and TH-immunoreactive profiles exhibited an asymmetric synaptic differentiation. These results indicate that 5-HT fibers in the medial ZI, following regeneration, can reestablish normal relationships and even synapses with a given population of chemically identified cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250592
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal lesions in Cockayne syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 2 (1988), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Cockayne syndrome ; Renal histology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two siblings with typical features of the Cockayne syndrome were studied at autopsy. Many glomeruli revealed a paucity of capillary loops and had thickened capillary walls. Some glomeruli with advanced lesions showed collapse of the glomerular tufts or complete hyalinization. Atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis were also observed. There were no significant arteriosclerotic changes in the vessels. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated thickened glomerular basement membranes with bends and folds. These histopathological findings are different to those previously reported with the exception of the 1966 report by Ohno and Hirooka.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00862599
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-fertilization degeneration of both synergids in Brassica campestris ovules (1988)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 1 (1988), S. 208-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Megagametophyte ; Synergids ; Brassica campestris ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In Brassica campestris, both synergids of the ovule degenerate before the arrival of the pollen tube. Synergid degeneration does not depend on pollination. At the non-degenerated stage, the synergids are completely filled with a complexly organized cytoplasm containing numerous mitochondria with many cristae, a large number of dictyosomes with many associated vesicles, and a very extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. The degenerative changes that occur in the cytoplasm of the synergids are characterized by a loss of visibility of the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and the simultaneous formation of dense deposits on the surrounding membranes of the mitochondria. Locally, the plasma membranes of the synergids disappear, and some ground plasma of the synergids penetrates into the space between the plasma membranes of the egg cell and the central cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189154
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple Pterygium Syndrome type Escobar in two brothers Follow-up data from childhood to adulthood (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 550-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pterygium syndrome ; Congenital malformations ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present two brothers with Multiple Pterygium Syndrome type Escobar. Characteristic findings in this autosomal recessively inherited pterygium syndrome are, in addition to multiple pterygia, short stature, cleft palate, vertebral fusion defects and minor facial anomalies. The adult height in the two male siblings was below the third centile. Secondary sexual development and testicular size were normal, in contrast with the cryptorchidism and pubertal delay documented in most young patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441989
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium induced changes in cell organelles: an ultrastructural study using cadmium sensitive and resistant muntjac fibroblast cell lines (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 62 (1988), S. 133-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Ultrastructure ; In vitro ; Nucleus ; Cytoplasm ; Muntjac
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A detailed electron microscopy study of cadmium sensitive and resistant muntjac fibroblast cell lines has identified a wide range of intracellular damage following exposure to cadmium. Damaged organelles included cell membrane, mitochondria, Golgi cisternae and tubular network, chromatin, nucleoli, microfilaments and ribosomes. Although cell membrane damage was generally the earliest indication of adverse cadmium action, particularly with continuous cadmium exposures, cells could tolerate extensive membrane loss. Mitochondrial distortion and some damage to Golgi was also tolerated. The turning point at which cadmium became lethal was generally marked by a cascade of events which included damage to both nuclear and cytoplasmic components. These results for fibroblasts are discussed and compared with damage reported in other types of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570131
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of infantile phytanic acid storage disease: clinical, biochemical and ultrastructural findings in two children treated for 2 years (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Infantile Refsum disease ; Phytanic acid ; Dietary treatment ; Peroxisomes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients with infantile phytanic acid storage disease (infantile Refsum disease), one of whom showed the presence of morphologically normal peroxisomes in a liver biopsy, were treated with a low phytanic acid diet for more than 2 years and the effects of treatment on certain clinical, biochemical and ultrastructural parameters were examined. Both patients showed evidence of either an improvement or stabilisation in their clinical condition. Plasma phytanic acid levels decreased to near normal values in approximately 6 weeks after the introduction of the diet; plasma pipecolic acid also declined markedly but the decrease was not so rapid and its level remained abnormal. C26∶C22 fatty acid ratios decreased very slowly and even after 2 years the values remained grossly abnormal. Despite the marked reduction of phytanic acid in the liver, there was an increase in the C26∶C22 fatty acid ratios and this appeared to be paralleled by an increase in inclusion bodies. Our data suggest that some patients with the infantile form of Refsum disease may show some clinical benefit from dietary management and this is reflected biochemically by decreases in the plasma levels of phytanic acid and pipecolic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442210
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concordant gilles de la tourette's syndrome in monozygotic twins: a clinical, neurophysiological and CT study (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 366-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome ; Twin study ; Computed tomography ; Clinical neurophysiology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 19-year-old male twin pair were concordant for suffering from Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in different forms and severity. CT revealed ventricular asymmetries of varying degree within the normal range and there were no neurophysiological abnormalities. The interrelationship of genetic and environmental factors in phenotyping the syndrome is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314235
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and cytochemical examination of the nuclear crystalloid inclusions of Olea europaea L. mesophyll cells (1988)
    Springer
    Trees 2 (1988), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Nuclear crystalloid inclusions ; Olea europaea ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The nuclei of mesophyll cells of olive trees contain numerous sizeable crystalloid inclusions. Cytochemical examination using epoxy resin-embedded, semithin-sectioned tissue indicated the presence of proteins and oligoor polysaccharides in these inclusions. Their electron microscopical analysis revealed a crystalline substructure consisting of intersected subunits of high order. The spacing of the lattice fibrils and the angles of intersection were determined and used to establish a model of the unit cell of crystallization. It is suggested that the nuclear crystalloids of olive trees consist of glycoprotein molecules. They differ from the intranuclear crystalloids observed in other species predominantly in the high density of their subunit arrangement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202381
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary malignant astrocytoma of the cerebellum in children (1988)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 4 (1988), S. 306-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Malignant astrocytoma ; Glioblastoma ; Cerebellum ; Children ; Cytofluorometric DNA analysis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case of a 1-year-old girl with primary malignant astrocytoma of the cerebellum is presented with special reference to ultramicroscopic study and cytofluorometric DNA analysis. The routine light microscopic study was not pathognomonic because of the immaturity of the composing cells. The glial fibrillary microfilaments characteristic of astroglial cells were confirmed by means of electron microscopy. Cytofluorometrically, the DNA histogram of this case revealed a prominent peak in the 4C region, with considerable dispersion to the 8C region, indicating the polyploidic and heterogeneic pattern of malignant tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271931
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributions of taste factors and gender to opioid preference in C57BL and DBA mice (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Etonitazene ; Genetics ; Mice ; Taste ; Saccharine ; Gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains have been characterized as morphine preferrers and avoiders, respectively (Horowitz et al. 1977). Previously, sweetened morphine solutions were presented with a water alternative, primarily with male subjects. Because sweetness may affect the endogenous opioid system and rodents have shown strain and sex differences in taste preferences, this study looked for strain- and gender-related taste preferences that might have affected opiate consumption. Preference for sweetened and unsweetened morphine and etonitazene was compared across gender and strain. In all choice tests, the control was a similar tasting quinine sulphate solution. Under these conditions, C57BL/6J mice continued to show strong preference for morphine. However, DBA/2J mice drank approximately equal amounts of morphine and quinine solutions, rather than avoiding morphine as when water was the alternative. Both strains appeared surprisingly indifferent to the synthetic opioid etonitazene, compared because it is potent at concentrations having barely perceptible bitterness. This raises the possibility of unexpected differences in post-ingestional effects between morphine and etonitazene. Contrary to reports of gender differences in sweet preference in rats, none were found in either strain of mouse. Neither were there any significant sex differences in opiate preference in either strain. C57 mice preferred sweetness more than did DBA mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174516
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithium attenuates clonidine-induced hypoactivity: further studies in inbred mouse strains (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 428-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lithium ; Clonidine ; alpha2-Adrenoceptor ; Locomotor activity ; Genetics ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four strains of mice (C57, BALB, DBA, C3H) were used to determine whether genetic factors influence the effects of lithium on hypoactivity induced by a low dose of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.2 mg/kg). Lithium was administered in the diet for 3–4 weeks at a dosage that produced average serum lithium levels of 0.58–0.66 mmol/l. Locomotor activity was reduced by either clonidine or by lithium given alone. When combined, however, lithium attenuated the activity-suppressant effects of clonidine, and that action was influenced by genetic factors. The findings suggest that genetic differences in alpha2-adrenoceptors play a role in behavioural effects of lithium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174702
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental variables differentially affect ethanol-stimulated activity in selectively bred mouse lines (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Selective breeding ; Mouse ; Ethanol-stimulated activity ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low doses of ethanol (EtOH) stimulate activity in an open field in many strains of laboratory mice. We are selectively breeding two lines of mice to exhibit a large (FAST) response on this test, and two other lines to exhibit a small (SLOW) response (Crabbe et al. 1987). The lines initially diverged in response to EtOH, but despite continued selection pressure, the difference between each pair of FAST and SLOW lines has not increased over generations as much as expected. Our practice has been to test animals on the 1st day after saline injection, and repeat the test after EtOH injection 24 h later. Lister (1987) recently demonstrated that the order in which an animal was exposed to EtOH and saline influenced the magnitude of the response to EtOH, with animals tested initially after EtOH having greater stimulation. Middaugh et al. (1987) recently demonstrated that the magnitude of EtOH stimulation was greater under conditions of relatively bright light than under dim light. Using non-selected Swiss mice, the current experiments essentially confirmed Lister's findings. Using FAST and SLOW mice, the predictions of both groups were tested. Both hypotheses were confirmed. Additionally, these experiments demonstrated that the magnitude of the difference between FAST and SLOW mice was greater under bright light than under dim light. The line difference was also greater when tested in the EtOH-Saline order. In experiments with Swiss mice, the possible role of peritoneal irritation in the EtOH effect was eliminated, and the optimal dose and time for demonstrating the effect was determined. These experiments confirm the importance of lighting condition, order of testing, dose, and route of administration in eliciting EtOH-stimulated open field activity in mice. They demonstrate a genotype-environment interaction, since the magnitude of difference between genetically selected lines varied as a function of the testing parameters chosen. Finally, they indicate that the differences between FAST and SLOW lines in sensitivity to EtOH generalizes to several environmental conditions. We interpret this to mean that the various EtOH-induced activation traits represented by these different environmental and testing conditions are genetically correlated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212776
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The within-pair EEG similarity of twins reared apart (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 237 (1988), S. 244-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: EEG ; Genetics ; MZ/DZ twins reared apart ; Within-pair similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the broader context of our investigations into the heredity of the human EEG, we analysed the EEGs of 28 pairs of monozygotic and 21 pairs of dizygotic twins who were separated as infants and reared apart. The principal goal of this study was to determine the degree to which environmental factors possibly influence the development of a person's EEG. Monozygotic twins reared apart were, with respect to their EEGs, only slightly less similar to each other (if there is any difference at all) than the same person is to himself over time. For dizygotic twins reared apart, we verified the findings of our previous study, namely, that the average within-pair similarity of EEGs estimated from a sufficiently representative sample of fraternal twins was significantly higher than the average inter-individual similarity of EEGs obtained from unrelated persons. The results on both monozygotic and dizygotic twins, yielded conclusive proof that the individual EEG pattern is predominantly determined by hereditary factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449914
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical, epidemiological and genetic study of hereditary motor neuropathies in Benghazi, Libya (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 422-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Genetics ; Hereditary motor neuropathy ; Spinal muscular atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 4-year-search for spinal muscular atrophies (hereditary motor neuropathies, HMN) in Benghazi, Libya, yielded a total of 24 patients, among whom 18 were index cases. This group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disorder. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of the total cases. The crude average annual incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500 births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6, and 0.6/100,000 respectively. The segregation ratios, 0.26 for acute infantile HMN and 0.24 for chronic childhood HMN, suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. The consanguinity rates among parents of cases and the population did not differ significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314486
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic diabetes mellitus on the electrical and contractile activities,45Ca2+ transport, fatty acid profiles and ultrastructure of isolated rat ventricular myocytes (1988)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 411 (1988), S. 564-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Isolated cardiac myocytes ; Electrical activity ; Contraction ; Fatty acids ; Ultrastructure ; Diabetes mellitus, experimental ; Streptozotocin ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chronic experimental diabetes on electrophysiological properties, contractile behavior,45Ca2+ transport, fatty acid profiles and ultrastructural characteristics were studied in enzymatically dissociated ventricular myocytes. Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin administration and animals were killed 8–10 weeks later. Myocytes from diabetic rats exhibited electrical behavior similar to that of myocytes from control rats, but their contractile properties were altered. Their sensitivity of the twitch contractions to various positive and negative inotropic agents (isoproterenol, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, acetylcholine, ouabain and veratridine) was greatly diminished. However, a part of the contractile response (the tonic, sustained contractions) were increased in the diabetic myocytes, indicating that the changes are not caused by a decreased sensitivity of myofilaments. Furthermore, the diabetic myocytes exhibited also significant decrease in total Ca2+ content. The fatty acid profile in the diabetic group was changed mainly in that there were slightly elevated levels of docosahexaenoic acid and diminished levels of palmitic acid. The ultrastructure of the diabetic myocytes was affected only slightly. These investigations offer for the first time a comprehensive picture of changes related to diabetic cardiomyopathy as they occur at the level of cardiomyocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582379
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope localisation of insulin-like immunoreactivity of conventionally processed human insulinomas (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Insulin ; Insulinomas ; Ultrastructure ; Immunogold technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localisation of insulin-like immunoreactivity has been studied using the immunogold staining procedure on thin sections of 6 human insulinomas, conventionally processed for electron microscopy. The labelling was restricted to the secretory granules. Depending on their morphology, these either resembled B-cell granules of human adult pancreas or belonged to the atypical (non-diagnostic) group. Within the former group, those with a crystalloid core or an amorphous dense or moderately dense core were strongly immunoreactive, whereas others, filled with a pale material, were poorly labelled. Most granules of this type were stored together within the heavily granulated cells of 3 insulinomas, presenting the classical features of clinical and biological behaviour and a typical light microscopic staining pattern. In contrast, the non-diagnostic granules, characterized by their smaller size, a very dense core and a thin halo, were mainly found within the poorly granulated cells making up the other tumours, and showed a very uneven labelling. Strongly labelled granules were found in one insulinoma that also belonged to the classical type; these were stored together with a few diagnostic granules within the same cells. Only poorly labelled atypical granules were present in two cases revealing a number of unusual features; these included moderate elevation of insulinaemia, uncertain tumour histology, as well as weak immunostaining for insulin/proinsulin and variable argyrophilia of the tumour in paraffin sections. These findings suggest that human insulinomas differ not only in storage capacity but also in their degree of granule maturation. This may involve some deficiency of either the prohormone conversion or the subsequent processing of the cleavage products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750578
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction fragment length polymorphisms as genetic markers in soybean, Glycine max (L.) merrill (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 889-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Genetics ; Allele ; Variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) have been identified between widely distant cultivars (‘Minsoy’ and ‘Noir 1 ’) of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Using as probes randomly chosen clones of DNA, one in five probes revealed a polymorphism. More than half of these polymorphisms appear to result from rearrangements of the genomic DNA. Twenty seven markers were analyzed for linkage in F2 plants. Eleven of these markers were contained in four linkage groups. Five cultivars were compared in a search for new alleles. When RFLP markers corresponding to low copy DNA were used to analyze three other cultivars — ‘Sooty’, ‘Forrest’ and ‘Mandarin (Ottawa)’ — few new alleles were found. Using these probes, five different markers could be used to differentiate the five cultivars. Complex probes, which correspond to repeated DNA, revealed different polymorphisms in different cultivars and a single such probe could be used to distinguish the five cultivars from each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258050
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical correlates of selection for weight-for-age in chickens: twenty-fold higher muscle ornithine decarboxylase levels in modern broilers (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; Chicken ; Muscle ; Genetics ; Growth differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Little is known about the biochemical correlates of selection for growth in farm or laboratory animals, or the identity of the gene products affected or produced by ‘trait-genes’. Modern broiler chickens have about 8-fold greater breast muscle mass than layer chickens at 7 weeks of age and over 2-fold greater breast muscle mass than their 1972 counterparts. This increase in muscle mass is associated with over 20-fold higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in broiler chickens at 1 week of age as compared with layer strain chickens; there is a comparable increase in a relaxed-selection strain of broilers. The increase in ODC levels is larger than the differences in muscle or body weight between broilers and layers at 7 weeks of age, occurs at an age when there is no difference in weights between the strains and precedes the major growth spurt. Increases in ODC levels and hence polyamine synthesis have been associated with, and usually precede, rapid growth and cell proliferation in a wide range of cell types and organisms in response to many different stimuli. Therefore, the correlation of ODC levels with genetic differences in muscle growth make it worth investigating the control of ODC gene expression in these strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276746
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in kafirin and alcohol-soluble glutelin chromatograms of sorghum inbred lines revealed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Germplasm identification ; Varietal identity ; Environmental interaction ; Genetics ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Separations of kafirin and alcohol soluble glutelin proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) from 7 inbreds and one hybrid of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and one source of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halapense (L.) Pers.] were compared. Objectives were to assess the stability of protein profiles for seed sources produced at different locations and in different environments to examine the potential of RP-HPLC to provide genotypic profiles for sorghum. Analyses of variance data showed that levels of variation due to environments and locations were small; the majority of variation (93%) was among genotypes. Associations among inbreds revealed by multivariate and cluster analysis showed similarity with those that would be expected on the basis of pedigree. A chi-square analysis showed no deviation in the hybrid profile from the expected 2∶1 ratio of peaks from the female and male inbred parents, respectively. Improvements in the ability to correctly assign common peaks are necessary before associations among numerous sorghum genotypes can be reliably demonstrated by analysis of data from reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288838
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of maternal haploidy in maize (Zea mays L.) and selection of haploid inducing lines (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Haploid induction ; Gynogenesis ; Genetics ; Inducer line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of genotype on maternal haploid plant production in maize was studied. The frequency of gynogenetic plants when “Stock 6” was used as pollinator varied according to the female parent genotype. No simple relation was observed between genotypic aptitudes for gynogenetic and androgenetic development, which occured after pollination of “W23” plant carrying the “indeterminate gametophyte” gene. Furthermore, the population NS, a favorably responsive genotype to anther culture, does not exhibit exceptional ability for in vivo gynogenesis. The effect of inbreeding and the influence of maternal haploid origin suggest that specific genes control maternal haploid initiation and development. However, gynogenetic development is not limited to a particular genotype. The frequency of maternal haploids may be increased by using specific pollen parents. Attempts were made to select for a high haploidyinducing trait and the present study reports the successful development of lines that can be utilized as pollen parents to induce haploids for experimental purposes and breeding programmes. When an inbred line “WS14”, derived from the cross W23 x Stock 6, was used as pollen parent, 2%–5% maternal haploids were obtained according to the female parent genotype. A high haploidy-inducing potential is a heritable trait and may be controlled by a limited number of genes. Genetic determination of the haploidy-inducing character was examined in relation to the efficiency of the selecting method and the mechanisms involved in the origin of maternal haploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265341
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid detection by malachite green-aldehyde in the dental basement membrane in the rat incisor (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 685-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basement membrane ; Lipids ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Developing rat incisors were treated with malachite green-aldehyde fixative solution (MGA), which retains and stains lipids. We observed positive staining occurring as dots in the basement membrane. Most of these dots (2–3.5 nm in diameter) were grouped in the lamina densa but some were also present in the lamina lucida and the lamina fibroreticularis. These data provide evidence for the existence of lipids in the dental basement membrane and suggest that they are distributed together with the various groups of proteins so far detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219762
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Catecholaminergic nerves in the embryonic chick ovary: co-localization with β2-adrenoceptor-bearing steroidogenic cells (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenergic nerves ; Steroidogenic cells ; Embryonic ovary ; β 2Adrenoceptors ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study investigates the innervation of the embryonic chick ovary with regard to (i) development and compartmentalization of catecholaminergic nerves, and (ii) presence of adrenoceptors on steroidogenic target cells of catecholaminergic nerve terminals. Catecholaminergic nerve fibers visualized by glyoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence first appeared at embryonic day (E) 13. From E15 through E21 the density of fluorescent aminergic nerves increased markedly in parallel with the concentration of catecholamines and numbers of nerve bundles and single axons seen at the electron-microscopic level. Catecholaminergic nerves were confined to the ovarian medulla and closely associated with interstitial cells. Nerve terminals approached interstitial cells up to a distance of 20 nm and, in their majority, exhibited uptake of the false adrenergic transmitter 5-hydroxydopamine. Although adrenaline amounted to 14% of the total catecholamine content at E21, adrenaline immunoreactivity was only detected in adrenal chromaffin cells, but not in nerve fibers or cell bodies within the ovary. Interstitial cells structurally matured between E15 and E21 as documented by an increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and tubular mitochondria. Monoclonal antibodies mAB 120 and BRK 2 raised against avian β 1 and mammalian β 2-adrenergic receptors revealed the presence of β 2-adrenoceptor-like immunoreactivity on the surface of interstitial cells, but not on any other cell type. The results are consistent with the notion of a dense adrenergic innervation of the embryonic chick ovarian medulla and its steroidogenic interstitial cells, and suggest the chick ovary as an excellent model for elucidating the functional role of a neural input to steroidogenic cells during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220010
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pattern of organization of intermediate filaments and their asymmetrical association with dense bodies in smooth muscle of an ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Intermediate filaments ; Dual network ; Ultrastructure ; Ascidian ; Halocynthia roretzi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An extensive network of intermediate filaments that interconnected cytoplasmic dense bodies and connected the dense bodies to the cell surface was revealed in double-fixed, tannic acid-stained preparations of ascidian smooth muscle. The filament network ran through spaces in the continuous network of myofibrils, connecting them longitudinally, obliquely and transversely to form an intimately associated, dual network. In their transverse passage, the intermediate filaments ran across myofibrils along I-zones exclusively, interconnecting successive dense bodies. The pattern of attachment of intermediate filaments to dense bodies was predominantly “one-sided.” The filaments, which themselves were not incorporated into the contractile apparatus, remained folded or unfolded between myofibrils and between sarcomere-like structures in synchrony with the contraction-relaxation cycles. These results suggest that the intermediate filaments mechanically maintain the organization and arrangement of myofibrils via an intimate association with the myofibrils in the regions of the dense bodies, in such a way that the filaments do not impede muscle function. Based on these observations, a new model for the network of intermediate filaments in smooth muscle cells is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213822
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the tentacles of the apodous holothurian Leptosynapta spp (Holothurioidea: Echinodermata) with special reference to the epidermis and surface coats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tentacles ; Ultrastructure ; Adhesion ; Leptosynapta spp (Holotheorie) ; Echinodermata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tentacles of the apodous holothurian Genus Leptosynapta have been studied by use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The gross anatomy, water vascular system, fibre systems and ectoneural nerve ring are described. A fuzzy coat of attenuated filaments covers the surface of the tentacle, broken only by secretory ducts. A cuticle underlies the fuzzy coat. Bacteria are common in the subcuticular space. Fixation without osmium gives poor preservation of the surface coats. The epidermis consists of a single layer of columnar cells consisting of Type-1, Type-2, support, goblet and uniciliated cells. Type-1 cells secrete electron-dense material and appear to be homologous to adhesive cells of the tentacles of other holothurians. The support cells contain large, granular vesicles not found in other holothurians. Goblet cells contain flocculent mucus and have an apical cilium. Goblet cells are not found in other holothurian tentacles and may function to lubricate and wrap adhering particles to aid their ingestion. The uniciliated cells are rare, poorly developed and the cilium does not extend past the cuticle. The ultrastructure of the tentacles is discussed in relation to those of other holothurians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215848
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  • 51
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    The ultrastructure of the lung of two newborn marsupial species, the northern native cat, Dasyurus hallucatus, and the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 683-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Ultrastructure ; Marsupial ; Newborn ; Surfactant ; Dasyurus hallucatus, Trichosurus vulpecula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lungs of newborn northern native cats, Dasyurus hallucatus and newborn brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula were examined by both light and electron microscopy. The native cat has a birth weight of 18 mg after a gestation of about 21 days, whereas the brushtail possum weights 200 mg at birth and has a gestation period of 17.5 days. The lungs of the native cat are two large respiratory sacs, with a respiratory lining of squamous cells and surfactant-secreting cells. The capillaries are located within the connective tissue just below this respiratory epithelium. The visceral covering of the lung is formed by squamous cells. The lungs of the possum are composed of numerous large respiratory sacs which are separated by connective tissue septa in which the capillaries are located. The sacs, as in other species, are lined with squamous cells and surfactant secreting cells. It is proposed that the structure of the lung of the newborn marsupial is related more to the size of the newborn rather than to the length of the gestation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216657
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular response in a non-uterine site to implantation-stage embryos in the rat and guinea-pig: in vivo and ultrastructural studies (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Implantation ; Embryo ; Ultrastructure ; Vasculature ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley) ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preimplantation-stage embryos were transferred to the anterior eye chamber of recipient rats and guinea-pigs. After implantation had occurred the influence of the embryo on the iris vasculature was examined ultrastructurally. In both species, the earliest effect of embryonic implantation was an increased stromal oedema. Under increasing embryonic influence the vascular endothelial cells showed an increased number of projections into the vascular lumen, while in the rat, endothelial projections were also found pushing back into the basement membrane. In the rat, the endothelium became very irregular in thickness prior to complete disintegration and loss during more advanced stages of implantation. Rat embryonic trophoblast was found invading iris vasculature, particularly in areas where the iridial endothelium was partially or completely missing. Other cells in the iris, including the stroma, appeared to be less affected. In the guinea-pig, however, trophoblast cells appeared to be capable of invading the vasculature by displacing endothelial cells that still appeared morphologically normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220037
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of the accessory cells of neuromasts in the salamander Pleurodeles waltlii (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral-line sense organs ; Mechanoreceptors ; Supporting cells ; Ultrastructure ; Pleurodeles waltlii (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural and histochemical features of the accessory cells of the neuromast of the salamander P. waltlii have been examined. Three types of accessory cells, supporting, mantle, and basal, were found, but only the first 2 are considered in this article. Supporting cells characterized by a highly dilated endoplasmic reticulum occur among and surrounding sensory cells. Mantle cells, morphologically different from the supporting cells, surround the remainder of the neuromast. Both types of accessory cells exhibit histochemically different secretory materials. Our morphological results suggest that both accessory cells contribute to the formation of cupular material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220039
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a short light pulse at night on the ultrastructure of the rat pinealocyte: a quantitative study (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 247-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pinealocyte ; Light exposure ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although it is generally known that light strongly influences N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin production in the pineal gland, little information is available concerning morphological changes following light exposure. As exposure of rats to a short light pulse at night rapidly depresses melatonin synthesis, we decided to determine whether this experimental condition produces rapid changes in the pinealocyte organelles. A 30-min light pulse at night (six hours after lights out) provoked rapid changes in the relative volumes of some pinealocyte organelles. The volume fractions of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and lipid droplets, and the numbers of dense-core vesicles and “synaptic” ribbons decreased, whereas the volume fraction of lysosomes increased. There were no differences in the volumes of granular endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles containing flocculent material in those animals exposed to light compared with control animals. These results indicate that a short light pulse at night causes ultrastructural changes that can be interpreted as morphological features of diminished activity of pinealocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220041
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Neurosecretory centers from the eyestalk of Siriella armata M. Edw. (Crustacea: Mysidacea): ultrastructural variations during normal and experimentally inhibited molt cycle (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 381-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: X-organ ; Sinus gland ; Ultrastructure ; Cyclic activity ; Siriella armata (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the medulla interna-medulla externa X-organ (MI-ME Xo)-sinus gland (SG) complex in the eyestalk of Siriella armata is described during the normal and the experimentally inhibited molt cycle. In the normal SG, four types of neurosecretory axon terminals, each containing distinguishable neurosecretory granules, can be described. Thus, type-2 granules are synthesized by G1 neurons forming the MI-ME Xo. The cell bodies and axonal endings of these cells in the sinus gland have been examined at the following molt stages: intermolt (stage C4), premolt (D0 and D2), and postmolt (A1, A2 and B). Changes in ultrastructure of the G1 cells have been monitored and correlated to inhibitions of the molt-and reproductive cycle produced by electrocauterization of the MI-ME Xo. The results obtained suggest that the neurosecretion from the G1 cells exerts a positive influence on molt and brood preparation. The occurrence of a distal group of G1 cells whose axons terminate at a different site from the SG suggests that the neural factors of the MI-ME Xo are diverse and control different physiological activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225810
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  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of neuropeptide Y-containing nerve fibers in the human penis (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ; Penis erection ; Perivascular nerve fibers immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuropeptide Y 1–36 (IR-NPY) immunoreactive nerve-fiber processes have been observed in tunicae of veins and arteries and in smooth muscles of the human penis taken at autopsy or during surgery by use of light-and electron-microscopic immunohistochemical techniques. Numerous IR-NPY nerve fibers were mostly concentrated in the inner part of the adventitia close to the media of the arterial and venous vessels and among the intracavernous smooth muscle cells. IR-NPY nerve fibers were less abundant in veins than in arteries. Positive somata were not observed in the penises. At the ultrastructural level, IR-NPY were localized exclusively in large, dense granules of nerve terminals by means of the postembedding immunogold technique. In the deep dorsal vein, IR-NPY nerve fibers were also located in the media formed by an outer circular and an inner longitudinal layer. In the intracavernous and dorsal arteries, they showed the highest density in the inner part of the adventitia. In the corpora cavernosa and in the corpus spongiosum, IR-NPY nerve processes were intermingled between the smooth-muscle fibers around the sinusoid spaces. IR-NPY nerve fibers were present in the cavernous nerves close to the central arteries. The urethra did not show any IR-NPY-positive nerve fibers. This peculiar distribution of IR-NPY nerve fibers suggested that they could participate in regulating arterial and venous blood flow and intracavernous smooth-muscle tone. NPY may therefore be of importance in some of the mechanisms of penile erection especially during detumescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220018
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Implantation of cultured thymic fragments in congenitally athymic (nude) rats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Cultured thymic fragments ; Epithelial cells ; Microenvironment ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (nude)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cultured thymic fragments correspond to the thymic microenvironment depleted of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. When these fragments are implanted under the kidney capsule of congenitally athymic rats, lymphocytes and dendritic cells of host origin enter the graft and induce thymus-dependent immunity in the recipient. This paper describes the ultrastructure of the fragments and the changes that occur during the restoration of normal thymic architecture. At the end of the culture period of 6–9 days and in the early stages after implantation, the grafts consist of keratin-containing epithelial cells of unusual morphology that can be labelled with antibodies raised against the epithelium of the mid/deep cortex and the subcapsule/medulla. Normal thymic architecture develops, including nerves and blood vessels, as lymphocytes populate the environment, and by 4–6 weeks the epithelial cells are the same phenotypically and ultrastructurally as those found in normal rat thymus. However, some areas without lymphocytes still contain the atypical epithelial cells seen before implantation. Large multinucleated giant cells are also present with a few associated epithelial cells of subcapsular/medullary phenotype. In conclusion, the cultured thymic fragments contain a hitherto unknown precursor epithelial cell with an atypical ultrastructure and phenotype that is not seen in normal development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225801
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  • 58
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    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of mitosis and cytokinesis in normal ‘resting’ human breast (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 581-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Normal resting breast ; Ultrastructure ; Mitosis ; Cytokinesis ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The parenchyma of the normal “resting” human breast was examined by electron microscopy to characterize the cells undergoing mitosis and the mechanism by which the normal tissue architecture is maintained during this process. In this study of 112 mitotic cells, it was found that the mitotic cells were luminally positioned, polarised epithelial cells with no evidence of myoepithelial cell division. Ultrastructurally, the nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were consistent with previous reports of mitosis in other tissues. However, unlike all previous reports, two specific orientations of the nuclear spindle and thus the planes of cytokinesis were observed. In a few cases the spindle formed parallel to the lumen and division resulted in two luminally positioned daughter cells. However, in the majority of mitotic cells the spindle was approximately at right angles to the lumen and this orientation resulted in a luminally and a basally positioned daughter cell. It is proposed that the abnormally positioned basal daughter cell could develop into a myoepithelial cell or undergo deletion (apoptosis). Thus the two orientations of mitosis may explain the mechanism by which the epithelial and myoepithelial cell populations were maintained by a single progenitor cell without disrupting the integrity of the tissue architecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216645
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    Ultrastructure of the ovarian medulla in the newly hatched chick treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Steroid-secreting cells ; Ultrastructure ; Chorionic gonadotropin ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of the ovarian medulla of the newly hatched white leghorn chick were studied in control animals and compared with chicks that were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin during embryonic development. The ovarian medulla was mainly occupied by epithelial cells which formed cords or islets surrounded by a basal lamina. Within this epithelial compartment, steroidogenic cells, poorly differentiated cells and a lacunary system could be recognized. When chicks were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, steroidogenic cells became discernible; there was an increment in the amount of cytoplasm and the area of mitochondria. Poorly differentiated cells exhibited signs of stimulation, and transitional images suggested the transformation of these cells into steroidogenic cells. The epithelial cells of the lacunar system also displayed stimulated cytoplasmic organelles. Evidence was supplied suggesting that relatively undifferentiated cells persist in the ovarian medulla until hatching and can develop into steroidogenic cells under gonadotropic stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219758
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  • 60
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    Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the ascidian endostyle (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endostyle ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Granules ; Ciona intestinalis ; Corella parallelogramma, (Tunicata) ; Ascidia mentula (Tunicata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular and subcellular distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the endostyle of three species of ascidians, Ciona intestinalis, Corella parallelogramma, Ascidia mentula, was studied by light-(immunoperoxidase) and electron-microscopic (immunogold) immunocytochemistry. At the light-microscopic level 5-HT-like immunoreactivity (5-HT-LI) was exclusively found in cells located in the lateral portion of the endostyle, between zone 7, known to have iodinating capacity, and zone 8, which consists of ciliated cells. At the electron-microscopic level, the 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were found to correspond to cells containing polymorphous, dense granules, 100–300 nm in diameter. The granules were located in the supranuclear cytoplasm facing the endostyle lumen as well as in the infranuclear cytoplasm facing the extracellular space. Quantification showed that the 5-HT-LI was considerably higher (13–67 times) in cytoplasmic areas containing granules as compared to areas devoid of granules. Most, but not all, of the 5-HT-LI was associated with the dense core of the granules. In conclusion, serotonin-containing cells are located in the peripheral portion of the endostyle, between zones 7 and 8. Serotonin is stored in cytoplasmic granules that are present both in the apical and basal cytoplasm. This suggests the possibility that the cells are bipolar and secrete serotonin both in a basal direction to the extracellular space, and in an apical direction to the pharyngeal lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221748
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  • 61
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    Effect of live and heat-killed bacteria on the secretory activity of Paneth cells in germ-free mice (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cells ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Facultative anaerobes ; Germ-free mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Germ-free mice were given live or heat-killed facultative anaerobes, and the ultrastructure of ileal Paneth cells was quantitatively examined with special reference to secretory granules showing a bipartite substructure (central core and peripheral halo). After administering live or heatkilled bacteria, there was a decrease in the area occupied by the cores of secretory granules in Paneth cells, and exocytosed core material was observed in the crypt lumen. There were no changes in the area occupied by the halo of secretory granules. None of the examined Paneth cells phagocytosed bacteria. It is concluded that certain bacteria may affect the secretion of antibacterial agents contained in the secretory granules of Paneth cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215451
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  • 62
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    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional organization of the plasmalemmal vesicular system in directly frozen capillaries of the rete mirabile in the swim bladder of the eel (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Swim bladder ; Capillaries ; Vesicles ; Ultrastructure ; Cryofixation ; Anguilla rostrata (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several recent studies comparing chemically fixed and cryofixed endothelium have indicated that glutaraldehyde fixation may result in increases in the population of “vesicles” in the cytoplasm. Other reports based on ultrathin serial-section reconstruction of chemically fixed endothelium have revealed that the vesicular system is comprised of interconnected membranous compartments, which are ultimately continuous with either cell surface but do not extend across the endothelial cell. In this study, we have investigated the three-dimensional organization of the vesicular system in directly frozen, freeze-substituted capillaries of the rete mirabile from the swim bladder of the eel, specifically using the same block of embedded capillaries in which frozen capillaries had previously been found to contain less “vesicles” than chemically fixed capillaries. The results show that essentially all vesicles remain inter-connected with each other and are part of two separate sets of invaginations from the luminal and abluminal cell surface like in chemically fixed tissue. Any increase in vesicle number resulting from glutaraldehyde fixation does not affect the overall three-dimensional organization of the vesicular system in these endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220012
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  • 63
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes in proteins synthesized by rabbit endometrial epithelial cells following primary culture (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterine epithelium ; Cell culture ; Proteins ; Ultrastructure ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological and biochemical changes occurring in rabbit endometrial epithelial cells when placed in culture were investigated. Cells were examined by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture. Morphologically, cultured cells are shorter and broader than the columnar epithelial cells in vivo, but retain their polarity as indicated by the presence of apical microvilli and a well-developed junctional belt. To study changes in biochemical function, proteins synthesized by cells in primary culture were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins were labeled during a 24-h incubation with 35S-methionine and gels examined by fluorography. The pattern of proteins changed after cells had been in culture for 48 h. On day 3 new proteins were synthesized and several protein species labeled during days 1 or 2 of culture, including uteroglobin, no longer appeared. On days 3–8 of culture the protein patterns were similar. Addition of progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, or combinations of these hormones to the culture medium for 24–144 h failed to elicit consistent changes in the pattern of labeled proteins established after 3 days of culture. Minor differences in protein patterns among unrelated cultures appear to have been derived from the original cells of the culture. These results indicate that after 48 h in primary culture, cells grown in vitro resemble endometrial epithelial cells morphologically, but no longer reflect functionally the character of epithelial cells in the uterus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213833
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  • 64
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    Formation of desmosomes and other contact specializations in cultured skin of the frog (Rana esculenta) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog skin culture ; Desmogenesis ; Interdigitations ; Lamellipodia ; Ultrastructure ; Rana esculenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Small trypsinized explants from ventral skin of frogs (Rana esculenta) were maintained in culture for 4 days during which a newly formed epithelium differentiated along the cut edges of the dermis. During the first 6 h adjacent cells produced numerous interdigitating lamellipodia. After 2 days, epithelial polarity was restored by the formation of zonulae occludentes and the epithelial cells were joined by a few small newly formed desmosomes and by numerous interdigitations. Bipartite junctional complexes consisting of a zonula occludens, followed by a series of typical desmosomes, and characteristic of adult frog epidermis were formed only after 4 days. When cultured in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) the trypsinized epidermis no longer formed desmosomes. Therefore pools of one or more crucial desmosomal proteins must be very low or non-existent. However, cycloheximide did not prevent the formation of cell contact specializations, consisting of a highly developed system of complex lamellar interdigitations, between adjacent cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213837
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of smooth muscle cells in the rat thoracic duct (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thoracic duct ; Smooth muscle cell ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The three-dimensional cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of the smooth muscle cells in the wall of the rat thoracic duct were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The muscle layer basically consists of a single layer of circularly arranged cells. The smooth muscle cell is fusiform or ribbon-like in shape, as in veins or venules with a similar or smaller diameter. Connections by spinous processes are observed between adjacent muscle cells along their length. Spot-like membrane contacts frequently occur in areas where facing membranes are closely apposed. These are thought to be gap junctions and may be responsible for electrical coupling and mechanical attachment. Large invaginations arranged regularly in rows on the surface of the smooth muscle cells can be observed. These invaginations are closely associated with a flattened sarcoplasmic reticulum, and caveolae tend to open into the invaginations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215831
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  • 66
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    Atropine inhibits the degranulation of Paneth cells in ex-germ-free mice (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cells ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Atropine ; Germ-free/Ex-germ-free ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that the secretory products of Paneth cells contain antibacterial agents (lysozyme, IgA) that are affected by the bacterial milieu in the intestine. To investigate whether Paneth-cell secretion is controlled via cholinergic mechanisms, the ultrastructure of Paneth cells was studied in four animal groups: (1) germfree (GF) control mice (Jcl: ICR [GN], male, 13 weeks old), (2) GF mice injected subcutaneously with atropine sulfate (200 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in physiological saline 20 mg/ml), (3) ex-GF mice inoculated with feces from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice, and (4) ex-GF mice injected with atropine and inoculated with feces from SPF mice. In ex-GF mice inoculated with feces, 70–90% of the Paneth cells showed fewer secretory granules than those from GF mice (p〈0.01). Approximately 30% of the Paneth cells had a large vacuole (3–10 μm diameter) in the apical cytoplasm. Exocytosed electron-dense material from secretory granules was observed in a few crypt lumens. In ex-GF mice inoculated with feces and given atropine, about 90% of the Paneth cells contained numerous secretory granules, like those in GF control mice, but vacuolated Paneth cells and exocytotic figures were rare; thus the secretion of Paneth cells was blocked by atropine. It is therefore possible that the bacterial milieu in the intestine affects the secretory activity of Paneth cells via cholinergic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222296
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  • 67
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    Lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa of chickens (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Epithelium ; Mast cells ; Granular leukocytes ; Basophils ; Ultrastructure ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination, by light and electron microscopy, of the morphology and the staining properties of intraepithelial lymphocytes from the intestine of the chicken revealed a population of lymphoid cells, of which a proportion (up to 20%) is granulated. The majority of cells were immunoreactive with anti-T cell serum and can therefore be considered to be related to T-lymphocytes, but they did not proliferate when cultured with phytohaemagglutinin. The granulated cells were identical to those previously designated globule-containing leukocytes, but were distinct from mast cells in their morphology, staining reactions and the stability of the granules in different fixatives and buffers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215464
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  • 68
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    Structural changes produced in Kupffer cells in the rat liver by injection of lipopolysaccharide (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kupffer cells ; Granulocytes ; Ultrastructure ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Liver ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of Kupffer cells has been studied at various times after an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella abortus equii. The most prominent effects were: an increase in the number and dimensions of phagocytic vacuoles (often containing ingested LPS and neutrophilic granulocytes); mitochondrial damage, including disintegration of the matrix and cristae; an increase in the amount of dilated, lucent rough endoplasmic reticulum; presence of fat droplets in the cytoplasm. Five days after injection of lipopolysaccharide, the Kupffer cells had resumed their normal ultrastructure. Several minutes after injection of lipopolysaccharide, platelets adhered to the Kupffer and endothelial cells. Between one and six hours, neutrophilic granulocytes accumulated in the liver sinusoids. The resulting obstruction of the hepatic microcirculation most probably affected cellular ultrastructure by ischaemia. At three days, the number of Kupffer cells was doubled, and increased further at later time intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215466
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  • 69
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    Melanophore death and disappearance produces color metamorphosis in the polychromatic Midas cichlid (Cichlasoma citrinellum) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromatophores ; Color change ; Ultrastructure ; Melanophores ; Macrophages ; Xanthophores ; Cichlasoma citrinellum (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe the histological basis of color metamorphosis in the polychromatic Midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum. Eight percent of the individuals in a natural population transform from gray with black markings to orange, simultaneously losing their ability to adjust coloration in response to background and social context. This trait is inherited. Light- and electron microscopy revealed that this transformation is a two-step process. First, the melanophores die, then macrophage-like cells remove the debris. As a result of this initial process, the underlying xanthophores become visible, producing the orange coloration. A similar process may occur in individuals that further transform to white, or go directly from gray to white.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221733
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  • 70
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    Genetic analysis of nitrate reductase deficient mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia: Evidence for six complementation groups among 70 classified molybdenum cofactor deficient mutants (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 206-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ; Nitrate reductase ; Genetics ; Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A total of 70 cnx mutants have been characterized from a collection of 211 nitrate reductase deficient (NR-) mutants isolated from mutagenized Nicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplast cultures after chlorate selection and regeneration into plants. They are presumed to be affected in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor since they are also deficient for xanthine dehydrogenase activity but contain NR apoenzyme. The remaining clones were classified as nia mutants. Sexual crosses performed between cnx mutants allowed them to be classified into six independent complementation groups. Mutants representative of these complementation groups were used for somatic hybridization experiments with the already characterized N. plumbaginifolia mutants NX1, NX24, NX23 and CNX103 belonging to the complementation groups cnxA, B, C and D respectively. On the basis of genetic analysis and somatic hybridization experiments, two new complementation groups, cnxE and F, not previously described in higher plants, were characterized. Unphysiologically high levels of molybdate can restore the NR activity of cnxA mutant seedlings in vivo, but cannot restore NR activity to any mutant from the other cnx complementation groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339583
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  • 71
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    Cortical cytoskeleton of the flagellateProteromonas lacertae: Interrelation between microtubules, membrane and somatonemes (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 142 (1988), S. 46-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Plasma membrane ; Microtubules ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracture ; Flagellates ; Proteromonas lacertae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The anterior half of the cell surface of the parasitic flagellateProteromonas lacertae is corrugated while the posterior half is covered by hair-like appendages, called somatonemes. In the anterior part, the cortical microtubules are lined by a zig-zag shaped microfibril. Here, these two structures seem to be separated from the plasma membrane. In the posterior half of the cell the somatonemes, analogous to the mastigonemes of chrysophytes, are anchored to the cortical microtubules by paired small deposits of dense material. This was clearly demonstrated by Triton X 100 treatment which solubilized the plasma membrane but left the somatonemes attached to the cortical microtubules. Freeze-fracture images revealed the alignment of clustered intramembrane particles on the P-face of the plasma membrane which correspond to the attachment sites of the somatonemes, seen as dots in thin sections. The ER-derived membrane-associated somatonemes are probably linked to the cortical microtubules by anchoring proteins which are part of the plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273225
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    Observations of soybean root meristematic cells in response to heat shock (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 144 (1988), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Heat shock ; Soybean root ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Soybean seedlings (Glycine max) were incubated in narrow temperature regimes to study the effects of heat shock on cell structures. The incubation temperatures used were as follows: 1. 28 °C (2h); 2. 40 °C (2h); 3. 45 °C (2h); 4. 40 °C (2h)→45 °C (2h); 5. 47. 5 °C (10 min); 6. 40 °C (2h)→47. 5 °C (10 min). Both optical and electron micrographs were taken of the different tissues of root meristems as they responded to heat shock. Cells of roots heated to 45 °C (2h) or 47.5 °C (10 min) with lethal treatment showed drastic heat injuries:e.g., membrane damage, coagulated plasmolysis, protoplasmic contraction, and leakage of cell content. Nucleolar segregation occurred in cells treated at both lethal and supraoptimal temperatures. Seedlings preincubated at 40 °C (2 h) became thermo-tolerant to lethal temperature treatment of 45 °C (2 h) or 47.5 °C (10 min), by protecting the plasmalemma, mitochondria, plastids and nuclei from heat damage. Without preincubation, however, these structures were destroyed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320274
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    Metabolism of P-particles (polysaccharide particles) in mature pollen grains ofEryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 146 (1988), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Apiaceae ; Eryngium campestre ; Metabolism ; Pollen grain ; P-particle ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The metabolism of P-particles (polysaccharide particles) was investigated in mature pollen grains ofEryngium campestre L. Numerous P-particles, originating from dictyosome activity, are found to be accumulated near the apertures, followed by mitochondria. A single layer of ER profiles seems to prevent the fusion of the P-particles with the intine. Instead of this, they fuse with each other forming nonmembrane-bounded polysaccharide-aggregates, which subsequently change their granulated structure to an amorphous. Mitochondria together with small vesicles are involved in the conversion-process. The so formed wall precursors pass through the ER and fuse into the intine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405914
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    Preliminary observations on the formation of the male germ unit in pollen tubes ofCyphomandra betacea sendt. (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 147 (1988), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Generative cell ; Sperm cell ; Treetomato ; Ultrastructure ; Vegetative nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure of the generative cell and its association with the vegetative nucleus in the pollen tube ofCyphomandra betacea Sendt. were observed with the electron microscope. The generative cell, bounded by its own plasma membrane and the inner plasma membrane of the vegetative cell, possesses the cytoplasmic extension which lies within the embayments of a vegetative nucleus. The generative cell contains the normal complement of organelles and, especially, microtubules which cluster into several groups adjacent to the plasma membrane, oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cell. In the pollen tube reaching the lower end of the style aftersemivivo pollination, both of the sperm cells are elongated and polyribosomes and microtubules are the outstanding feature in the cytoplasm. The two sperm cells are connected by a common transverse cell wall, while cytoplasmic channels exist in both the periplasm of the two sperm cells and the transverse wall. The leading sperm cell (Svn) is closely associated with the vegetative nucleus. Thus the present study demonstrates the existence of the male germ unit in the pollen tube ofC. betacea. The possible cytoplasmic continuity between the sperm cells and between the gametes and vegetative cell is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403877
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    Morphology ofEntomophthora muscae protoplasts grownin vitro (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 146 (1988), S. 166-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Entomophthorales ; Entomophthora muscae ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Protoplast ; in vitro growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Entomophthora muscae (C.) Fres. can be grownin vitro as protoplasts. Light and electron microscopical studies of thein vitro developed protoplasts have demonstrated the absence of an organized wall over the protoplasmic Con A-positive membrane at all stages of growth. The cytological organization is typical of the Entomophthorales with condensed chromatin in the interphase nuclei and small eccentric metaphase spindles. Long strands of endoplasmic reticulum, microubules and vesicles surrounding the plasmalemma may be involved in maintaining the precise shape ofE. muscae protoplast. Starvation of the fungus induces the formation of hyphal bodies after deposition of Con A- and WGA-positive wall material at the plasmalemma surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405926
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    Effects ofl-propionylcarnitine on electrical and mechanical alterations induced by amphiphilic lipids in isolated guinea pig ventricular muscle (1988)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 4 (1988), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: l-Propionylcarnitine ; Amphiphile ; Action potential ; Ultrastructure ; Guinea pig ventricular muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the effects ofl-propionyl-carnitine (Prop.C), a short-chain acylcarnitine, on amphiphile (l-lysophosphatidylcholine orl-palmitoylcarnitine)-induced electrophysiological and ultrastructural changes in isolated guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles, under acidic conditions (pH 6.9). Conventional microelectrode, tension-recording, and electron microscope techniques were used. Both amphiphiles, at a concentration of 10−4 M, significantly decreased the resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, and action potential duration, but increased the developed and resting tension. Such amphiphile-induced electrical changes were not observed in muscles pretreated with the beta-blocker, atenolol, although the mechanical changes remained unaffected. The application of Prop.C (10−2 M), in the continued presence of the amphiphiles caused a return of the action potential duration and the developed tension to the control level. However, the resting potential and action potential amplitude remained unaffected; in fact, the maximum upstroke velocity ( $$\dot V_{max} $$ ) of the action potential tended to decrease further. Pretreatment with Prop.C prevented all the amphiphile-induced electrophysiological and mechanical changes, except for $$\dot V_{max} $$ . Electron microscopic studies revealed that amphiphile-induced ultrastructural changes were prevented, at least in part, in the presence of Prop.C. Thus, Prop.C antagonizes some of deleterious effects of amphiphiles, such as lysophosphatidylcholine and palmitoylcarnitine, upon the electrical and mechanical activities of the ventricular muscle, under acidic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02058587
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    Dynamics of the microtubular cytoskeleton in the green algaAphanochaete magna (Chlorophyta). I. Late mitotic stages and the origin and development of the phycoplast (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 142 (1988), S. 176-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Aphanochaete ; Astral microtubules ; Immunofluorescence ; Phycoplast ; Spindle breakdown ; 3-D reconstruction ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The spatial and temporal organization of the microtubular cytoskeleton at the transitional stage of mitosis and cytokinesis has been studied in the chaetophoralean green algaAphanochaete magna using indirect immunofluorescence light microscopy and transmission electron microscopic analysis of serial sections including computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction. At late mitosis, elaborate asterlike microtubule systems including bundles interconnecting both centriolar regions are present. These systems disappear a the onset of interzonal spindle disintegration. The incipient phycoplast consists of a star-shaped microtubule assemblage projecting from the intact interzonal spindle. It develops strongly at the time of spindle disintegration, later on it becomes compressed by daughter nuclei movement. Cell plate formation is associated with a two-dimensional phycoplast. Phycoplast microtubules remain for a while associated with the completed cross wall but finally they depolymerize. The general occurrence of astral microtubule systems (includingA. magna) is evaluated. The subsequent developmental stages of the phycoplast, formation, maturation and depolymerization, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290874
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  • 78
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    Ultrastructural aspects of the hyphal tip ofSclerotium rolfsii preserved by freeze substitution (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 146 (1988), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Hyphal tip ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze substitution ; Sclerotium rolfsii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hyphal tip ofSclerotium rolfsii was examined after fixation by freeze substitution. The Spitzenkörper consisted of a dense mass of apical vesicles and microvesicles surrounding a vesicle-free zone. Linear arrangements of microvesicles were occasionally observed within the Spitzenkörper. Abundant microfilaments were seen within the Spitzenkörper region, often in close association with apical vesicles and microvesicles. Microtubules passed through the Spitzenkörper and terminated at the plasmalemma at the extreme hyphal apex. Filasomes were mostly observed within the apical region and were in close proximity to the plasmalemma. Rough ER, mitochondria, microtubules, and vacuoles were abundant in the subapical region and were usually oriented parallel to the long axis of the hypha. Ribosomes were aligned on the outer surfaces of mitochondria. Golgi body equivalents were observed throughout the subapical region and appeared as inflated cisternae of varying shapes and electron opacities. Relationships to other basidiomycetous hyphal tip cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405923
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  • 79
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    Sublethal muscle fibre injuries after high-tension anaerobic exercise (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 360-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Humans ; Skeletal muscles ; Anaerobic exercise ; Histocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Muscle cell injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vastus lateralis muscles of eleven male elite sprinters (17–28 years) were investigated in order to examine the impact of high tension anaerobic muscular work on muscle fibre fine structure. In an attempt to reproduce the training regimen six subjects ran 20 repetitions of 25 s on a treadmill with 2 min 35 s in between, at a speed corresponding to 86% of their personal best 200 m time. PAS-stained sections of biopsies taken approximately 2 h after training generally indicated glycogen depletion in type 1 and type 2B fibres. At the light microscopic level, no signs of inflammation or fibre rupture were observed. However, at the ultrastructural level, frequent abnormalities of the contractile material and the cytoplasmic organelles were detected. Z-band streaming, autophagic vacuoles and abnormal mitochondria were the most conspicuous observations. Control specimens from sprinters who did not perform the acute exercise routine also displayed structural deviations, although to a lesser degree. It is hypothesized that during sprint training the leg musculature is put under great mechanical and metabolic stress which causes the degenerative response reported here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635996
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  • 80
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    Human-type ABO blood groups as genetic markers for the management of a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) breeding colony (1988)
    Springer
    Primates 29 (1988), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Saimiri ; Human-type ABO blood groups ; Genetics ; Colony management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The human-type ABO blood groups were determined for 94 families of the squirrel monkey which included 151 animals. Four phenotypes of ABO blood groups (A, B, AB, and O) were detected. Family analysis revealed that the human-type ABO blood groups in this species were governed by three alleles, codominantA andB and silentO. There were intraspecific differences in the distribution of phenotypes and gene frequency among three populations imported by different routes at different times. The usefulness of ABO blood groups for defining the genetic variability of a squirrel monkey breeding colony through successive generations is discussed on the basis of the difference in distribution of ABO blood groups between wild-originated parental and its first colony-born populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381130
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  • 81
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    The effect of low pH and aluminum on the olfactory organ of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 22 (1988), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Acid ; Metals ; Ultrastructure ; Olfaction ; Electrical response ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The effects of acid ((H2SO4) and aluminum AIKSO4 in acidified water on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, olfactory organ were examined using scanning electron microscopy and electrophysiology. Exposure to pH 4.7 resulted in an increase in the number of mucus droplets over parts of the olfactory epithelium, primarily along the ridges of the secondary folds. The addition of aluminum (5.0, 9.5, 20.0 µmol · 1−1) at pH 4.7 resulted in loss of receptor cell cilia, irregularly shaped olfactory knobs, clumped microvilli and swellings on microridge cells. Electrical responses recorded from the olfactory nerve in response to the amino acid L-serine were similar to controls in fish exposed to acidified water. When fish were exposed to acidified water and aluminum the response was depressed. These morphological and electrophysiological changes could be used to indicate metal-induced stress in fish from natural ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000544
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  • 82
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    Mucus-producing adenopapillary carcinoma of minor salivary gland origin with signet ring cells and intracytoplasmic lumina (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 245 (1988), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Salivary gland tumor ; Adenocarcinoma ; Ultrastructure ; Signet-ring cell ; Intracytoplasmic lumen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histological and subcellular study of a mucus-producing adenopapillary carcinoma of a minor salivary gland is presented. The tumor was located on the buccal mucosa of a 36-year-old white man. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor was an invasive papillary growth with numerous signet-ring cells and mucous production. When viewed under the electron microscope, the tumor exhibited clusters of cells showing intracellular lumina and finely dispersed chromatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464016
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  • 83
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    The basement membrane and associated structures in the murine endolymphatic sac (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 245 (1988), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Murine endolymphatic sac ; Basement membrane ; Fluid transport ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the basement membrane of the murine endolymphatic sac was studied under various experimental conditions in labyrinthectomized and ethacrynic acid-treated animals and was compared with normal anatomy. The basement membrane was clearly visualized after staining with ruthenium red or dialyzed iron. The basement membrane of the murine sac consists of two different layers: the lamina rara and the lamina densa. It demarcates the border between the epithelial cells and the subepithelial connective tissue. Our findings suggest that the basement membrane acts as a physical support to the epithelium in the endolymphatic sac. The basement membrane also shows a dynamic capacity to form a new basement membrane, with the result that the lateral intercellular space between contiguous epithelial cells may be integrated with the subepithelial space. This system is believed to act as a macromolecular and bulk water transport system. In the subepithelial space, collagen, reticular and elastic fibrils are found having a close relationship to the basement membrane. The elastic fibres are presumed to play a role in the pressure-regulating mechanism in the endolymphatic sac.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464628
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  • 84
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    Ciliated mucous cells found in the nasal mucosa of a patient with Kartagener's syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1988), S. 360-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal mucosa ; Kartagener's syndrome ; Ciliated mucous cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of ciliated cells containing many mucous secretory granules in the nasal surface epithelium of a 13-year-old patient suffering from Kartagener's syndrome. In these cells, mucous secretory granules were accumulated in the apical cytoplasm, and the Golgi apparatus was well developed in the supranuclear region. Mucous secretory granules were discharged infrequently through the apical cell membranes by single or compound exocytosis. The cells were considered to be ciliated mucous cells, which have already been reported to be present in the lower respiratory tract but not in the upper respiratory tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497465
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  • 85
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    Erratum (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 585-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560330614
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  • 86
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    Theoretical studies on conformational preferences of model modified nucleic acid base N6-(N-alanylcarbonyl) adenineNCL Communication No. 4069. (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational preferences of model modified nucleic acid base N6-(N-alanylcarbonyl) adenine, ac6Ade, have been investigated using the quantum chemical PCILO (perturbative configuration interaction using localized orbitals) method. The multidimensional conformational space has been searched using selected grid points formed by combining the various torsion angles that take favored values derived from energy variation with respect to each torsion angle individually.The preferred molecular structure is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond from N(11)H of the amino acid to N(1) of the adenine. The observed crystal structure conformations for the naturally occurring, anticodon adjacent, threonyl analogs, tc6Ade, correspond to the predicted most stable conformation for the model modified base ac6Ade. Three stable, low energy conformations differing in the orientations of the carboxyl group and the amino acid side chain are predicted within 1 kcal/mol of the most stable structure. The possible bifurcated hydrogen bonding of N(11)H with N(1) and either of the carboxyl oxygens is of minor significance.The indicated orientational flexibility for the carboxyl group and the amino acid side chain may enable convenient probing of the molecular environment, in the vicinity of the anticodon in tRNA, by the amino acid substituent, with only modest changes in energy stabilization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340106
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  • 87
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    Erratum (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 89-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340111
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  • 88
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    A regular periodic table of the elements and its quantum mechanical requirement (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By using the n + (1/2)l filling rule of the atomic Aufbau principle, where n is the principal quantum number and l is the azimuthal quantum number, a new periodic table is presented, its periods having, in order, 8, 18, 18, 32, 42, 50, … elements. The mentioned rule is proposed instead of the n + l rule (or Madelung's rule) which constitutes the quantum mechanical basis of the current periodic table and predicts periods having, in order, 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32, 50, … elements. The new periodic table is called “regular” because its groups are formed according to a single rule (namely, the first elements of each period are placed in the same order as the elements of the preceding period), in contrast with the current periodic table, where no simple rule can be applied for the same purpose. The most characteristic feature of the regular periodic table is the fact that its groups are also related in a periodic manner.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340204
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  • 89
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    Control over theoretical descriptions of atoms and molecules. An information theoretic approach to the automatic classification and systematic improvement of approximate wave functions (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rigorous approach to the study of the quality of theoretical descriptions of atoms and molecules is proposed. Theoretical descriptions, i.e., collections of atomic or molecular properties obtained via quantum chemical methods, are associated with information quantities defined with respect to reference theoretical or experimental data. In this way the comparison of two theoretical descriptions is reduced to the comparison of the respective information quantities. An increase in information is interpreted as improvement of the theoretical description. The aforementioned approach should be useful in problems related to classifications and systematic improvements of approximate wave functions and consequently for comparing the performance of quantum chemical methods in calculations of atomic and molecular properties. This approach should also constitute a powerful tool for the construction of suitable basis sets for use in calculations of atomic and molecular properties.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340209
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  • 90
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    Spin and charge densities from Hiller-Sucher-Feinberg identities. Test calculations for He, B, C, N, O, and F atoms and H2O, N2, and CH3 molecules (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340212
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  • 91
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    Fifth-order constant denominator perturbation therory within a localized bond model: Contributions from single and double excitations (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 497-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Fifth-order constant denominator perturbation treatment of all single and double excitations occuring in the third-order perturbation wave function is presented for the perturbation configuration interaction using localized orbitals (PCILO) method. Contributions from triple and quadruple excitations which decay back to singles and doubles at third order are automatically included in this theory. This method is computationally very fast, with an execution speed proportional to N3, Where N is the number of orbitals present. A [2,1] Padé approximate involving only singles and doubles contributions through to fifth order is shown to be remarkably accurate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560330604
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  • 92
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    Hall transformation of exp( - r): Correction of the results (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 563-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Owing to an error in his determination of the repulsion integral and the kinetic energy. Hall's results [1] for the ground state of atomic two-electron systems are wrong. Here these results have been corrected. For Z ≤ 5, the results have been obtained by determining the pertinent integrals numerically: but for Z ≥ 5, these can be found sufficiently accurately from Z expansions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560330608
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  • 93
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    Ab-initio calculation of resonance states of H2O (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 567-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a dissociation attachment experiment of water, three peaks were observed at 7,9, and 12 eV. The origin of the third peak has been believed to be 2B2. However, the calculated energy of this state is 0.6 eV higher than the experimental value. This discrepancy is quite large compared with the case of the lower two peaks. In this study we propose new candidates for resonant states responsible for the third peak. The configurations considered are (3a1)-1(3pa1)2, (3a1)-1(3pb1)2, (3a1)-1(3pb2)2, (3a1)-1(3pa1)1(3pb1)1, (3a1)-1(3pb2)1(3pa1)1, and (3a1)-1(3pb2)1(3pb1)1 which have the parent state (3a1)-1(3pa1)1, (3a1)-1(3pb1)1, or (3a1)-1(3pb2)1. The energy levels arising from these configurations are calculated by a method of configuration interaction. A Few resonance states, which could be responsible for the third peak, are found. New decay process of these states are proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560330609
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  • 94
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    The sequential product of geminals and the ground states of some atoms (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By means of the SPG function which is associated with an extreme point of the set of N-representable second-order reduced density matrices, an attempt is made to perform the calculations of the ground states of some atoms with four electrons such as Be. The results show that the SPG function is as suitable as the well-known AGP function for approximating the ground states of atoms and molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340103
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  • 95
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    A sequential product of geminals and its applications (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, an SPG function, which is associated with an extreme point of the set of N-representable second-order reduced density matrices, is used to perform the calculation of the ground state energy of LiH with the variation of internuclear separation. The result of our calculation essentially is in accordance with that of AGP function.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340104
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  • 96
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    The concept of the topological atom within the MO-LCAO approach. II. On the nature of the nephelauxetic effect (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new MO-LCAO description of the nephelauxetic effect is proposed based on the concept of the topological atom and on the method of reduced density matrices. This approach allows one to overcome some conceptual difficulties of ligand-field theory and to derive effective parameters of d-d electron repulsion of a bound transition-metal in a proper way. The two ligand-field mechanisms of the nephelauxetic effect - the central field covalency and the symmetry-restricted covalency - are clarified and generalized. In addition, a new factor, important for the nephelauxetic effect is found: its size-dependence on the region of the topological atom.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340102
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  • 97
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    A Crystal Orbital approach for two- and three-dimensional solids on the basis of CNDO/INDO Hamiltonians. Basis equations (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 47-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Hartree-Fock (HF) self-consistent field (SCF) crystal orbital (CO) formalism for two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) solids on the basis of semiempirical CNDO/INDO (complete neglect of differential overlap; intermediate neglect of differential overlap) Hamiltonians is presented. The employed SCF variants allow for the treatment of atomic species up to bromine under the inclusion of the first (i.e., 3d) transition metal series. Band structure investigations of 2D and 3D materials containing more than 30 atoms per unit cell are feasible by the present SCF HF CO formalism. The theoretical background of the computational scheme is given in this contribution. Special emphasis is placed on physically reliable truncation criteria for the lattice sums, the adaptation of the crystal symmetry in k space, as well as the suitable choice of domains in Brillouin zone (BZ) integrations required in the determination of charge-density matrices. The capability and limitations of the semiempirical SCF HF CO approach is demonstrated for some simpler solids by comparing the present computational results with those of ab initio CO schemes as well as conventional numerical methods in soid-state theory. The employed model solids are graphite and BN (2D and 3D networks for both solids) as well as diamond, silicon, germanium, and TiS2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340107
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  • 98
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    Long distance electron transfer (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum mechanical models to treat long distance electron transfer are being developed. The model is based on the theory of R.A. Marcus. Our contribution is in the calculation of the electron coupling factor k. Estimations of the latter number, as well as the bond and solvent relaxation energies, λi and λo, respectively, are necessary to be able to calculate the rate constant for a reaction of the conductivity in an electric field. k may be approximately calculated from orbital energy differences at avoided crossings between orbitals localized in different parts of the system. A novel spectroscopic NDO method is suggested in which one may include any atom of the periodic table. Another problem discussed is the inclusion of electronic relaxation effects of the solvent or protein in the calculation. Applications are made to systems where metal ions are connected by organic bridges of different kinds such as dipyridine with coplanar and perpendicular pyridyl groups. As expected the electronic factor depends strongly on the conformation of the bridge. A strong conformational dependence is also obtained for a saturated bridge of the type NH2 · (CH2)n · NH2. In another study we use an α helix as a bridge between two metal ions. If one glycine in this α-helix is substituted by phenylalanine the electronic factor increases by factors of 1.5-10. It is suggested, however, that larger enhancement factors are possible if an aromatic group is positioned in a favorable way. The CNDO/S method is used to study the charge separation process in a bichromophoric molecule and in the reaction center (RC) of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. In those cases where the electronic coupling is large enough for the charge transfer states to be seen in the spectrum, the calculated results agree well with the experimental ones, but suggest a novel assignment. The CNDO/S results verify that electron transfer is possible through saturated spacers. In the special pair of RC the S1 state is calculated at approximately the correct position. Like the ground state, it has a delocalized character.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340704
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  • 99
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    Electrostatic interactions and conformation of some thromboxane antagonists (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 67-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A class of thromboxane antagonists exists where the prostaglandin side chain containing the C16 hydroxyl moiety is replaced by a phenyl ring, and the bridged six-membered pyranose moiety by cyclohexane, pyranose and dioxane ring systems. Analysis of antagonist potency data in terms of a binding constant model previously used for membrane bound receptor-drug interactions shows that the major patterns of antagonist potency are governed as much by axial/equatorial conformer preference of the phenyl moiety and its orientation as by electrostatic effects of the aliphatic ring oxygen atoms. The conformational restriction of the two substituted side chains of the σ-bonded 6-membered ring is shown to be a primary requirement for binding to thromboxane receptors, and a quantitative separation of electrostatic and conformational components in the potency data is attempted.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340708
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ab initio molecular orbital study of hydrogen bonding and ion-molecule association in model systems for DNA bases (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 119-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations have been performed to investigate hydrogen bonding and ion-molecule association in complexes of H2O with the neutral, protonated, and Li+ complexes of N-formylformaldehyde and N-formylformamidine. In the complexes with the neutral bases, H2O assumes an in-plane bridging position in the amide and amidine regions. The most stable complex is the bridging N-formylformamidine-H2O complex in the amidine region, which has an MP2/6-31 + G(d,p) binding energy of -9 kcal/mol. Hydrogen bonded complexes of H2O with the oxygen-protonated bases have open structures with the protonated bases as proton donors, and binding energies ranging from -16 to -24 kcal/mol. Nitrogen protonation of N-formylformamidine leads to an equilibrium chelated hydrogen bonded structure with a stabilization energy of -21 kcal/mol. When Li+ associates with these bases at a carbonyl oxygen, hydrogen-bonded bridging structures with H2O reappear, and wobble complexes exist in the amide and amidine regions of N-formylformaldehyde and N-formylformamidine. These complexes have binding energies of -13 to -14 kcal/mol. However, the most stable comples has H2O directly bonded to Li+, with an MP2 binding energy of -30 kcal/mol. No hydrogen bonded structures of H2O with N-formylformamidine exist in the amide region when Li+ associates with this base at the C=N group. Hydrogen bond energies computed at the single-determinant Hartree-Fock level with the 6-31G(d) basis set approximate correlated MP2/6-31 + G(d, p) energies to within 1 kcal/mol for all of the neutral and charged complexes. However, when H2O is bonded to Li+, HF6-31G(d) association energies overestimate MP2/6-31 + G(d, p) energies by 3 kcal/mol.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560340712
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