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  • 1995-1999  (2,589)
  • 1995  (2,589)
  • General Chemistry  (1,656)
  • Engineering General  (737)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (196)
  • Nuclear reactions
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Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (2,589)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral fat embolism: A case report (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 679-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Fat embolism ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality following multiple fractures. Neurological involvement (cerebral fat embolism) has been reported frequently. A case of cerebral fat embolism is reported. While CT scan revealed no abnormalities, MRI, performed in this patient 8 days after trauma, showed relative lowintensity areas on T1-weighted images and high intensity areas on T2-weighted images involving cerebral white matter, corpus callosum and basal ganglia. MRI follow-up (1 and 3 months post-trauma) showed nearly complete resolution of the abnormal signal. MRI seems to be a useful diagnostic tool for detecting and quatifying lesions in fat embolism syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711549
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI appearances of the asymptomatic patellar tendon on gradient echo imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Patellar tendon ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gradient echo (GRE) sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thickening of the patellar tendon and foci of increased signal intensity have been described as characteristic features of “jumper's knee” (chronic patellar tendinitis) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was our impression that such appearances may be seen in the patellar tendons of patients without symptoms referable to the anterior part of the knee when using gradient echo images. The appearances of the asymptomatic patellar tendon on three-dimensional gradient echo sequences were studied by retrospectively reviewing the images of 60 patients, none of whom had symptoms related to the anterior part of the knee. The anteroposterior width of the patellar tendon was measured at three levels (superior, middle and inferior) on the central sagittal image of a gradient echo sequence. The relative signal intensities at the same levels were recorded. In 97% of subjects the superior part of the tendon was wider than the midpoint, and in 97% the inferior part was wider than the midpoint. The range of widths was wide, and there was no significant difference between sexes. Focal increased signal intensity in the superior part was shown in 75%, and in the inferior part in 43%. The asymptomatic patellar tendon shows uniform thickness throughout most of its length, but there are focal expansions at the proximal and distal ends. It usually demonstrates low signal on MRI, but may contain foci of increased signal intensity at either or both ends when imaged on gradient-echo sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198074
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinctive radiological features of small hand joints in rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthritis demonstrated by contrast-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) magnetic resonance imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gd-DTPA ; Contrast medium enhancement ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Seronegative spondyloarthritis ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A series of patients with clinically early inflammatory joint disease due to rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's syndrome were examined by plain film radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The spin echo T1-weighted precontrast, T2-weighted, and, especially, T1-weighted postcontrast images demonstrated distinct differences in the distribution of inflamatory changes, both within and adjacent to involved small hand joints. Two major subtypes of inflammatory arthritis were shown, thus providing a specific differential diagnosis between rheumatoid arthritis and some patients with seronegative spondyloarthritis. In particular, all the patients with Reiter's syndrome who were studied, and half of those with psoriatic arthritis, had a distinctive pattern of extra-articular disease involvement. The need for a new classification of clinical subsets in psoriatic arthritis has been recently suggested. The present findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging could be useful in such a reclassification of seronegative spondyloarthritis, as well as offering considerable potential for a reappraisal of pathogenesis and therapy. In this series, it was also noted that juxta-articular osteoporosis on plain film did not correlate with bone marrow oedema on MRI. Hence the aetiology of this common radiographic finding also merits further consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197064
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile spondyloarthropathies: clinical manifestations and medical imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 399-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Spondyloarthropathy ; Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis ; Juvenile psoriatic arthritis ; Arthritis with IBD ; Reiter's syndrome ; Reactive arthritis ; Enthesitis ; Sacroiliitis ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spondyloarthropathies comprise four distinct entities — ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, the arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and Reiter's syndrome and other related forms of reactive arthritis. Although these are distinct diseases, they have a number of clinical, radiologie, and genetic characteristics in common which permit them to be classified under the unifying term “spondyloarthropathy”. They are diseases of young adults, and when they present in patients under 16 years of age we refer to them as the “juvenile” spondyloarthropathies. They must be distinguished from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, which is a totally separate entity; however the distinction may not always be obvious. Involvement of peripheral and sacroiliac joints commonly occurs in the juvenile spondyloarthropathies. The peripheral arthritis may be erosive and associated with bone apposition at the joint margins. Axial involvement is usually a late finding. Dactylitis and tenosynovitis are frequently present early on. Enthesitis, a highly specific feature, occurs much more often in the juvenile spondyloarthropathies than in the adult forms and it may be the only presenting feature. The plain radiograph is the primary and most important imaging modality for the assessment of these diseases. However, an expanding role of magnetic resonance imaging is evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941234
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat scratch disease: magnetic resonance imaging findings (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Cat scratch disease ; Infectious lymphaden ; opathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cat scratch disease is an infectious lymphadenitis frequently occurring in children and adolescents. We present the magnetic resonance imaging findings of two patients with this disease. In both cases, lymphadenopathy was characterized by extensive stranding of the surrounding soft tissues, consistent with the inflammatory nature of this condition. Magnetic resonance imaging can be diagnostic and may obviate the need for invasive means of evaluation in patients suspected of having cat scratch disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941241
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of popliteus injuries with MR imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Injuries ; Tendons ; Muscles ; Popliteus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. Popliteal muscle and tendon injuries are thought to be unusual. This report describes the magnetic resonance (MR) appearances of popliteus muscle and tendon injuries. Design and patients. The study included 24 patients where the diagnoses of popliteal injuries were prospectively made based on MR appearances. The study group was taken from 2412 consecutive knee MRIs. The injuries were characterized as to involving the muscular or tendinous portions of the popliteus apparatus. Results. In 95.8% (23/24) of patients, the tears of the popliteus involved the muscular portion. The injuries were either partial and interstitial or complete. Three patients had tears of both the muscular and tendinous portions or the tendon alone. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were torn in 16.7% (4/24) and 29.2% (7/24) of patients, respectively. There were medial and lateral meniscal tears in 45.8% (11/24) and 25% (6/24) of patients, respectively. There were injuries of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments in 8.3% (2/24) and 4.2% (1/24) of patients, respectively. Bone bruises and/or fractures were seen in 33.3% (8/24) patients. In 8.3% (2/24) of patients, the popliteus injury was an isolated finding. Conclusion. Popliteus muscle and tendon injuries are not uncommon. They usually occur in conjunction with other significant injuries of the knee and can be characterized with MR imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202148
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of a meniscal ossicle (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 543-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Meniscus ; Meniscal ossicle ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the MR appearance of a meniscal ossicle, which is an unusual etiology for knee pain. The role of MR in differentiating a meniscal ossicle from a loose body is presented. The MR images also demonstrated associated tibial cartilage thinning and a possible meniscal tear. These MR findings led to arthroscopic treatment rather than conservative management. A review of the literature on meniscal ossicles is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202157
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial hemangioma of the knee: MRI findings in two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 579-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Knee ; Synovial hemangioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The findings in two patients with histologically proven synovial hemangioma of the knee are described. Both cases emphasize the typical appearance of this unusual tumor on magnetic resonance imaging. Additional radiologic findings, such as adjacent osseous involvement, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204855
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of hereditary hernias of the peroneus longus muscle (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 601-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Muscle hernias ; Peroneus longus ; Fascial defects ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Herniation of the left peroneus longus muscle was present in three male members of the same family, being the first reported case of this condition in a familial setting. The hernias were differentiated from other mass lesions and varices by magnetic resonance imaging. The images demonstrated a fascial defect originating in the area where vessels and nerves penetrate the fascia, suggesting that the three men had a congenital weakness in the fascia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204860
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial hemangioma: imaging features in eight histologically proven cases, review of the literature, and differential diagnosis (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 583-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Vascular lesions ; Hemangioma ; Synovial hemangioma ; Soft tissue tumors ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to describe the imaging characteristics of synovial hemangioma, with the goal of improving the disappointing rate (22%) of clinical diagnosis of this condition. A review of the literature and the differential diagnosis of intra-articular lesions, including synovial osteochondromatosis and pigmented villonodular synovitis, are also presented. Patients The subjects of the study were 8 patients (4 males, 4 females; age range: 5–47 years; mean age: 19 years) with histologically confirmed synovial hemangioma involving the knee (n=7) or wrist (n=1). We retrospectively examined the imaging studies performed in these patients, including plain radiography (n=8), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n=4), angiography (n=3), arthrography (n=2), and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT; n=2). Results Plain radiographs showed a soft tissue density suggesting either joint effusion or a mass in all patients. Phleboliths and bone erosions on plain films in four patients with extra-articular soft tissue involvement pointed to the correct diagnosis. Angiography, showing fine-caliber, smooth-walled vessels, contrast pooling in dilated vascular spaces, and early visualization of venous structures, was diagnostic in two patients. Neither arthrography nor CT yielded specific enough findings. MRI was consistently effective in allowing the correct diagnosis to be made preoperatively, showing an intra-articular or juxta-articular mass of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and of high signal intensity on T2or T2*-weighted images with low-signal channels or septa within it. A fluid-fluid level was found in two patients with a cavernous-type lesion. Conclusion Despite the limited nature of this study, it shows clearly that MRI is the procedure of choice whenever an intra-articular vascular lesion such as synovial hemangioma is suspected. Nonetheless, phleboliths and evidence of extra-articular extension on plain radiographs point to angiography as an effective procedure of first resort because it can be combined with embolotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204857
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Arthritis ; Rat ; Knee ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiography ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate antigen-induced monoarticular arthritis (AIMA) in the rat. In sagittal, spin-echo images of the knee, characteristic parallel bands, in the order dark-light-dark, were consistently observed 5–8 days after arthritis induction; the bands ran concentric with, and just beneath, the femoral and tibial articular surfaces. Concurrent radiology, histology and MRI (chemical shift-selective imaging and contrast enhancement with magnetisation transfer and gadolinium) established that the phenomenon reflected subchondral erosion, not artefact. The outer hypointense band corresponded to calcified cartilage underlying the articular surface. The central hyperintense band reflected inflammatory matrix displacing normal haematopoietic tissue immediately subchondrally; here, trabecular bone had mostly disappeared, but adjacent articular cartilage, although under attack and lacking proteoglycan, appeared structurally normal. The inner hypointense band reflected deeper, truncated trabeculae within inflammatory matrix, layered with pallisading osteoblast-like cells. This study exemplifies the power of MRI for revealing localised joint pathology non-invasively, and shows that rat AIMA shares many pathological features with arthritis in human beings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197062
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gadopentetate-dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging of osteonecrosis and osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow: initial experience (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Elbow ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteochondritis dissecans ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on seven patients with aseptic osteonecrosis (n=4) and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD;n=3) of the elbow. Precontrast MRI was superior to plain radiographs, which did not show any abnormality in three cases of osteonecrosis. On gadopentetate-dimeglumine-enhanced T1-weighted images, which were obtained in three patients with osteonecrosis and three patients with OCD, all cases of osteonecrosis demonstrated homogeneous enhancement of the lesions. All cases of OCD were diagnosed on plain radiographs. On MRI one showed significant enhancement of the loose body. In another case an incompletely enhancing loose body was surrounded by a diffusely enhancing region. In the third patient only a small marginal enhancement of the defect was observed. Our results suggest that MRI can improve the accuracy in diagnosis of aseptic osteonecrosis of the elbow. The use of gadopentetate dimeglumine allows the viability of the lesions or the loose bodies to be demonstrated and reparative tissue to be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425939
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of intraosseous lipomas: a radiologic-pathologic correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Intraosseous lipoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four patients with intraosseous lipomas were studied with magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging features and histology of each tumor were compared. Magnetic resonance imaging was very helpful in establishing a pathologic diagnosis. If a severe degree of involution was present, then the magnetic resonance findings could be ambiguous, making diagnosis more difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425945
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathology of the lower leg muscles in pure forefoot pes cavus (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 552-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Pes cavus ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pathology ; Morphometry ; Peroneus longus hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Enlargement of the peroneus longus muscle is a common occurrence in patients with forefoot pes cavus, and may contribute to the cavus deformity. The present study compares the morphology of up to five lower leg muscles from 17 patients with forefoot pes cavus with those of normal muscles. Eight cases had an identifiable neurogenic cause for the cavus. In four cases of hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy, the tibialis anterior showed more severe damage than the peroneus longus. In two cases of cerebral palsy, fibre atrophy and increased oxidative enzyme activity were observed. In nine clinically idiopathic cases, the histological appearances ranged from normal to generalised fibre atrophy or hypertrophy in individual muscles. There was a trend for the mean fibre area to be greater in peroneus longus than in tibialis anterior in six of the idiopathic group of patients. The muscle cross-sectional area on magnetic resonance imaging was correlated closely with the mean fibre area measured on tissue sections. In idiopathic forefoot pes cavus, fibre hypertrophy in peroneus longus (relative to tibialis anterior) may contribute to the cavus deformity. Muscle fibre hyperplasia may contribute to the peroneal muscle enlargement in Friedreich's ataxia. In none of the cases was peroneus longus enlargement due to fat or fibrous tissue replacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571511
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathology of the lower leg muscles in pure forefoot pes cavus (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 552-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pes cavus ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pathology ; Morphometry ; Peroneus longus hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Enlargement of the peroneus longus muscle is a common occurrence in patients with forefoot pes cavus, and may contribute to the cavus deformity. The present study compares the morphology of up to five lower leg muscles from 17 patients with forefoot pes cavus with those of normal muscles. Eight cases had an identifiable neurogenic cause for the cavus. In four cases of hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy, the tibialis anterior showed more severe damage than the peroneus longus. In two cases of cerebral palsy, fibre atrophy and increased oxidative enzyme activity were observed. In nine clinically idiopathic cases, the histological appearances ranged from normal to generalised fibre atrophy or hypertrophy in individual muscles. There was a trend for the mean fibre area to be greater in peroneus longus than in tibialis anterior in six of the idiopathic group of patients. The muscle cross-sectional area on magnetic resonance imaging was correlated closely with the mean fibre area measured on tissue sections. In idiopathic forefoot pes cavus, fibre hypertrophy in peroneus longus (relative to tibialis anterior) may contribute to the cavus deformity. Muscle fibre hyperplasia may contribute to the peroneal muscle enlargement in Friedreich's ataxia. In none of the cases was peroneus longus enlargement due to fat or fibrous tissue replacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571511
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging reveals a markedly inhomogeneous distribution of marrow cellularity in a patient with myelodysplasia (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 71 (1995), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Myelodysplasic syndrome ; Leukemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Bone marrow biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 47-year-old male patient with myelodysplasia showed increasing values of serum lactate dehydrogenase (up to 3500 units/l) and an increasing blast count. Several biopsies (taken from the posterior iliac crest) revealed marked hypocellularity. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging of the marrow demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution of marrow with hypocellular and also large hypercellular areas not detected by cytological and histological analysis. A location for biopsy of hypercellular marrow was provided by T1-weighted and water-selective magnetic resonance imaging. The findings in the patient were compared with those in a matched healthy volunteer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01702650
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging reveals a markedly inhomogeneous distribution of marrow cellularity in a patient with myelodysplasia (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 71 (1995), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Myelodysplasic syndrome ; Leukemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Bone marrow biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 47-year-old male patient with myelodysplasia showed increasing values of serum lactate dehydrogenase (up to 3500 units/l) and an increasing blast count. Several biopsies (taken from the posterior iliac crest) revealed marked hypocellularity. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging of the marrow demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution of marrow with hypocellular and also large hypercellular areas not detected by cytological and histological analysis. A location for biopsy of hypercellular marrow was provided by T1-weighted and water-selective magnetic resonance imaging. The findings in the patient were compared with those in a matched healthy volunteer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01702650
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Updated management strategy for patients with cervical osteophytic dysphagia (1995)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Dysphagia ; Osteophyte ; Cervical spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Carcinoma ; Surgery ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anterior cervical osteophytes impinging upon the pharynx or esophagus constitute a rare cause of dysphagia. In severe cases, surgical removal of these osteophytes can provide symptomatic relief. We describe a patient of this type who failed to improve postoperatively, only to be found subsequently to have a carcinoma of the base of the tongue. To assist other clinicians in evaluating similar patients, and also to emphasize the great utility of modern radiologic techniques in these cases, we propose a diagnostic algorithm that incorporates magnetic resonance or computerized tomographic imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260972
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant Gartner duct cyst: Magnetic resonance imaging findings (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 566-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Genitourinary tract abnormalities ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pelcic cysts ; Congenital anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gartner duct cysts derive from remnants of the vaginal portion of the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts. In cases of incomplete regression of these ducts, cysts can develop due to secretory activity [1]. Clinically, those cysts are usually asymptomatic, their size not exceeding 2 cm in diameter. In rare cases with larger cysts, the presence of dyspareunia and problems in obstetric delivery are described [2, 3]. We present a case of a histologically proven symptomatic Gartner duct cyst with a size of 16 ×15×8 cm. To my knowledge, this is the largest Gartner duct cyst ever reported in the imaging literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256713
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Portal blood flow in the presence or absence of diffuse liver disease: measurement by phase contrast MR imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Flow dynamics ; Portal vein ; Liver cirrhosis ; Chronic hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In patients with diffuse liver disease, the portal flow dynamics change markedly in accordance with disease progression and would provide a useful index of progression of stage. Methods: Portal blood flow (PBF) was measured by phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 21 patients with diffuse liver disease and 20 healthy volunteers. The MRI method was validated by a flow phantom study. The mean PBF could be measured in 6.8 min without breath-holding. Results: Doppler ultrasound measurements of PBF volume were obtained reproducibly in all the healthy volunteers and were shown to correlate with the MRI values (Doppler: 12.5 ±3.2 cm3/s, MRI: 12.0 ± 3.3 cm3/s; mean ± SD). The PBF volume of patients with chronic hepatitis showed no significant difference from that of the healthy volunteers. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the PBF volume ranged from 5.01 to 32.3 cm3/s. A significant increase in PBF volume was caused in one patient by massive intrahepatic shunting and a significant decrease was caused in two patients by massive extrahepatic shunting. Conclusions: The measurement of PBF by phase contrast MRI is clinically useful in predicting intrahepatic or extrahepatic shunting in patients with liver cirrhosis, and may be of value in detecting the progression of stage in diffuse liver diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200392
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of prostate cancer (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 505-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Prostate neoplasms ; Ultrasound ; Doppler ultrasonography ; Radionuclide studies ; Computerized tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment is fast emerging as a major health care issue in the United States. However, there are great uncertainties about the value of specific tests and therapies. Imaging modalities play a major role in the current management of patients with prostate cancer and this role is likely to expand in the future. Transrectal ultrasound is used to identify non-palpable lesions, direct systematic biopsies, determine gland volume and stage prostate cancers. For staging skeletal metastases, the bone scan is acknowledged as the best method, however controversy surrounds its routine use in patients with low prostate specific antigen (PSA) values. Computed tomography (CT) and transrectal ultrasound have limited value in detecting extracapsular disease but CT can be used in conjunction with percutaneous biopsy to identify nodal metastases. The role of Endorectal coil MRI is currently evolving in the wake of a disappointing multiinstitutional trial but MRI still holds the most promise for accurately detecting local extent of prostate cancer. New radiolabeled techniques with monoclonal antibodies and peptide imaging are also having early but promising results. The role of imaging in prostate cancer is continuing to evolve as technology and knowledge about prostate cancer biology improves and health care economics force a more judicious use of imaging resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256700
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis testis: imaging appearance (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 379-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Paratesticular ; Fibrous pseudotumor ; Tunica vaginalis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ultrasound ; Hemiscrotum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fibrous pseudotumor is a benign paratesticular tumor that typically presents as a painless mass of the hemiscrotum. Because this tumor can mimic a malignant process, it is usually not diagnosed preoperatively. We describe a case of fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis, demonstrating the ultrasound and magnetic resonance image (MRI) appearance with pathologic correlation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203377
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of pelvic neurofibromatosis (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 176-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neurofibroma ; Prostate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pelvic neurofibromatosis is a rare disease and rarely involves the prostate. A 19-year-old male presented with irritative and obstructive voiding symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass extending from the sacral promontory to the perirectal and perivesical spaces and to the proximal root of the penis. The mass also involved the prostate. The characteristics of the mass were highly suggestive for neurofibroma. Prostate biopsy showed neurofibroma, and the immunohistochemistry stain for S-100 protein was positive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201533
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravid uterine dehiscence: MR findings (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 486-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Rupture, uterine ; Pregnancy, complications ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gravid uterine rupture can be a difficult diagnosis, both clinically and radiologically. Ultrasound has been successful in detection of some indirect signs of uterine rupture but thus far has shown little success in demonstrating the myometrial defect. We present the MR findings in a case of gravid uterine dehiscence in which the actual uterine wall defect was well demonstrated. Gross pathologic correlation is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213280
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenocortical adenoma containing a fat component: CT and MR image evaluation (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 489-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Adrenal glands ; Adrenocortical adenoma ; Adipose tissue ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of adrenocortical adenoma containing small adipose foci is presented. A small amount of fat within the mass led to an erroneous preoperative diagnosis of myelolipoma. Adrenal adenoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of adrenal mass containing fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213281
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypically located Peyronie's disease: imaging findings (1995)
    Springer
    European radiology 5 (1995), S. 669-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Peyronie's disease (IPP) ; Endoluminal ultrasound ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus spongiosum ; Corpus cavernosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a 44-year-old male presenting with deviation of the penis during erection. Upon physical and clinical examination the patient did not have the typical findings of Peyronie's disease, therefore he was admitted for further evaluation by conventional sonography, duplex Doppler ultrasound, endourethral ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Endourethral ultrasound and MRI provided evidence of Peyronie's disease with atypical involvement of the corpus spongiosum and, in addition, demonstrated nonpalpable plaques in the septum of the penis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190941
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meningioangiomatosis: advanced imaging and pathological study of two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Meningioangioma-tosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Malignant meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare benign intracranial tumour of uncertain pathogenesis, with only 33 cases reported in the literature. Imaging features have been described in 21 cases, only 3 with contrast-enhanced MRI. We present two cases of MA with MRI and/or CT findings and gross, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics. MRI is particularly helpful for establishing the origin of the lesion and its anatomical location, while CT shows calcification, if present. The pathological characteristics establish the diagnosis and underline the differences from other entities such as malignant meningioma, one of the most important differential diagnostic considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588625
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superficial siderosis in the central nervous system (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Central nervous sys- ; tem ; Siderosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare entity, superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, due to multiple small episodes of subarachnoid haemorrhage from any source. Nonspecific neurological findings are associated with deposition of iron-containing pigments in the leptomeninges and superficial layers of the cortex. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates characteristic low signal in the meninges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588627
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The corpus callosum in communicating and noncommunicating hydrocephalus (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 212-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Corpus callosum ; Hydrocephalus ; Dementia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate morphological changes in the corpus callosum in hydrocephalus and to correlate them with clinical findings we studied sagittal T2*-weighted cine MR images of 163 patients with hydrocephalus. The height, length and cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum were measured and related to the type of cerebrospinal fluid flow anomaly and to clinical features, especially dementia. With expansion of the lateral ventricles the corpus callosum showed mainly elevation of its body and, to a lesser degree, increase in length. Upward bowing was more pronounced in noncommunicating than in communicating hydrocephalus. Dorsal impingement on the corpus callosum by the free edge of the falx correlated with the height of the corpus callosum. Cross-sectional area did not correlate with either height, length or impingement; it was, however, the strongest anatomical discriminator between demented and nondemented patients. The area of the corpus callosum was significantly smaller in patients with white matter disease. Our findings suggest that, due to its plasticity, the corpus callosum can to some degree resist distortion in hydrocephalus. Dementia, although statistically related to atrophy of the corpus callosum, is possibly more directly related to white matter disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578260
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Angiographically occult malformation ; Spinal arteriovenous malformation ; Cavernous malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed 11 cases of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (IMCH) studied by MRI, to assess its diagnostic value in these lesions. Follow-up MRI was obtained in five patients 7 days-2 years following the initial study. In one case a postoperative examination was obtained. The diagnosis was pathologically proven in ten cases, and supported in the last by a family and personal history of cavernous haemangiomas. A reticulate appearance with areas of mixed signal intensity in both T1-and T2-weighted images was the most common finding. Homogeneous high, low or intermediate signal intensity was each found in one case, Two small lesions gave low signal. A rim of low signal was less common than in cerebral cavernous haemangiomas. In one case, the brain showed more than 20 lesions with the MRI appearances of cavernous haemangiomas. In two of five patients, serial preoperative MRI showed progressive disappearance of high-signal areas on both T1-and T2-weighted images. To find a haemorrhagic intramedullary lesion on MRI is not rare. Although the appearances are not pathognomonic, an IMCH can be suggested. We suggest that the following characteristics may help: (1) a personal and/or family history of cavernous haemangiomas; (2) typical MRI appearances of mixed acute, subacute and chronic haemorrhage; (3) a tendency for signal intensity to decrease on follow-up; (4) normal spinal angiography; and (5) associated brain lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588339
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of spinal epidural lymphoma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; neoplasm ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the MRI features in eight patients with spinal epidural lymphoma (clinically primary in 4 patients); one patient had multiple lesions. The cervical spine was involved in one patient, the thoracolumbar spine in 5 and the sacrum in two. Mean longitudinal extension of the epidural lesion was 2.6 vertebral segments. The tumours were homogeneously isointense with the spinal cord on T1-weighted images and isointense or hyperintense on proton-density and T2-weighted images. The spinal cord was compressed in four patients but showed signal changes in only one. In five patients the lesions communicated through the intervertebral foramina with paravertebral soft tissue masses. In all but one of the patients diffuse signal changes in the vertebral body marrow consistent with osteolytic or osteoblastic changes were identified adjacent to or at distance from the epidural lesion. Vertebral collapse was observed in two patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588341
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in the investigation of patients with myelopathy thought to be due to multiple sclerosis (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 384-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Myelopathy ; Demyelinating disease ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of cerebral and spinal cord MRI was investigated in 65 patients with myelopathy suspected of having demyelinating disease. Cerebral MRI demonstrated lesions compatible with demyelination in 80 % and spinal cord MRI in 68.6 %. In 28.5 % of our patients brain lesions were present with normal spinal cord images, but in 17 % spinal cord lesions were depicted with a normal brain MRI. The combination of the two examinations demonstrated lesions in 97 % of the patients. The frequency of coexistent cerebral lesions in patients with spinal cord lesions was over 85 % in patients with chronic disease but only 28.5 % in patients with acute myelitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588019
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status epilepticus presenting as progressive dysphasia (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 438-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Progressive dysphasia ; Status epilepticus ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Status epilepticus is usually a straightforward diagnosis when a patient has two or more seizures without regaining consciousness. However, when status is nonconvulsive and, in particular, has a temporal lobe flavour the clinical presentation may be misleading. Presentation with automatic or psychic behaviour is well recorded. We report a patient with nonconvulsive status who presented with progressive dysphasia with widespread CT and MRI changes. The dysphasia and imaging changes led to a diagnosis of a probable neoplastic brain process but reversed with anticonvulsant treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600083
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial MRI in early Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease with a point mutation of prion protein at codon 180 (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 531-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Prion protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 66-year-old woman with histologically diagnosed Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), followed with MRI from an early clinical stage. MRI demonstrated expansion of the high cortical signal on T2-weighted images, which differs from previous MRI reports of CJD. This patient followed an atypical clinical course: 16 months had passed before she developed akinetic mutism, and periodic sharp waves had not been detected on EEG after 2 years in spite of her akinetic mutism. Brain biopsy showed primary spongiform changes in the grey matter, and a point mutation of the prion protein gene at codon 180 was discovered using polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing and Tth 111 I cutting. This is the first case with the point mutation of the codon 180 variant with an atypical clinical course and characteristic MRI findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593711
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of brain compartments and head injury lesions by neural networks applied to MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 535-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Head injury ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An automatic, neural network-based approach was applied to segment normal brain compartments and lesions on MR images. Two supervised networks, backpropagation (BPN) and counterpropagation, and two unsupervised networks, Kohonen learning vector quantizer and analog adaptive resonance theory, were trained on registered T2-weighted and proton density images. The classes of interest were background, gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, macrocystic encephalomalacia, gliosis, and “unknown.” A comprehensive feature vector was chosen to discriminate these classes. The BPN combined with feature conditioning, multiple discriminant analysis followed by Hotelling transform, produced the most accurate and consistent classification results. Classifications of normal brain compartments were generally in agreement with expert interpretation of the images. Macrocystic encephalomalacia and gliosis were recognized and, except around the periphery, classified in agreement with the clinician's report used to train the neural network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593713
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of pachymeningeal enhancement following dural puncture and blood patch (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 557-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meninges ; Contrast enhancement ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe thickening and contrast enhancement of the intracranial pachymeninges, revealed by MRI in a patient with presumed low-pressure headache following dural puncture and a blood patch. The clinical and radiological abnormalities resolved within 2 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593719
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of white matter changes in the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 576-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Sjögren-Larsson syndrome ; Spastic diplegia ; Conduction aphasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with spastic diplegia and conduction aphasia. MRI demonstrated the white matter changes deep in the cerebral hemispheres. We analyse the MRI findings and compare the results with neuropsychological signs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593725
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood neuroborreliosis: clinicoradiological correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 578-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Lyme disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the cranial CT and MRI findings in three children with Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis). The neuroimaging findings in children have been rarely reported. We found cranial MRI far superior to cranial CT. Ring-enhancing lesions have been described in acute disseminating encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis but not in neuroborreliosis. Although orther infectious and inflammatory diseases cannot be excluded, Lyme disease should be included in the differential diagnosis and put forward as being the most likely diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting. Gadopentetate dimeglumine is helpful in assessing the response to antibiotic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593726
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial data analysis in the quantitative assessment of cerebral white matter pathology on MRI in HIV infection (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spatial autocorrelation ; Cerebral HIV disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was carried out using MRI (proton density-and T2-weighted) on 16 HIV-negative controls, 9 symptom-free HIV-positive patients and 25 with CDC IV HIV disease. The studies from this last group had previously been allocated by a radiologist to the following categories: 8 with focal mass lesions and normal-appearing white matter; 9 with diffuse encephalopathy (high signal on T2-weighted images, affecting most or all of the white matter) and 8 with patchy encephalopathy (high signal affecting only one or two areas within the white matter). Moran'sI, a statistic of spatial autocorrelation, was calculated for the grey-scale values of a sampled pixel array from a central white matter region of each of the images. All values of Moran'sI calculated in this study showed a large positive excess over the expected value under randomisation, indicating highly significant positive autocorrelation in the spatial arrangement of the grey-scale values. On T2-weighted images a statistically significant increase in the mean value of Moran'sI, compared with controls, was found in the diffuse encephalopathy group, indicating that quantifiable changes in the spatial autocorrelation of pixel data can be related to recognised qualitative changes in the appearance of white matter in subjects with HIV disease. A lesser, but significant, rise in the mean value of Moran'sI was also found in the focal mass lesion group, suggesting that changes in spatial autocorrelation may indicate pathological change in advance of qualitative MRI changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600081
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of a pituitary cryptococcoma simulating an adenoma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 449-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary Cryptococcosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare pituitary cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient, with radiological features similar to those of a pituitary macroadenoma. Although unusual, it should be added to the list of differential diagnosis of pituitary masses. Contrast enhancement of adjacent meninges differentiated the lesion from an adenoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600089
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary leiomyosarcoma of the spine (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 465-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma, bone ; Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a 39-year-old man with tumour of the eighth thoracic vertebra, causing compression of the spinal cord. The tumour proved to be a primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of bone, an uncommon neoplasm; to our knowledge this is the first report of primary LMS in the spine. The lesion was documented by plain radiography, myelography, CT, MRI and digital subtraction angiography. These investigations did help to focus on the differential diagnosis and demonstrated the extent of the bony lesion, the findings were nonspecific, and the correct diagnosis was established by pathological examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600095
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome using fat saturation and Gd-DTPA (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 475-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome ; Orbital pseudotumour ; Fat saturation ; Gadolinium ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome encompasses a group of inflammatory conditions for which no systemic or local cause can be found, and is commonly referred to as orbital pseudotumour. On conventional MRI sequences subtle areas of inflammation or enhancing tissue can easily be masked by the high signal intensity of orbital fat and involvement of the fat itself may not be appreciated. We describe the MRI features of three patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation using frequency-selective fat saturation and Gd-DTPA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600098
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue characterisation of intracranial tumours: the value of magnetisation transfer and conventional MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 515-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain neoplasms ; Tissue characterisation ; Magnetisation transfer contrast ; Gadolinium-DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed MRI on 85 patients with intracranial tumours to evaluate quantitative analysis in tumour characterisation. Signal intensities were measured on standard T2-and T1-weighted images, Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images and magnetisation transfer (MT) images. Statistically significant differences between tumour types were observed, but overlapping reduces their value. T2-weighted imaging was superior to T1-weighted imaging for tumour characterisation. Quantification of Gd enhancement was useful in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas and haemangioblastomas, but of minor importance in other tumours, because of large nonspecific variation. The contribution of MT contrast to tumour characterisation resembled that of T2 contrast. However, MT imaging was superior to other sequences in the classification of intra-axial tumours. Low-grade astrocytomas, haemangioblastomas and craniopharyngiomas could be differentiated from other tumours on the basis of MT contrast. Reliable discrimination between meningiomas, high-grade astrocytomas and metastases was not possible by any of the methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593707
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery from primary deep cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with recanalisation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Sinus thrombosis ; Reperfusion ; Cerebral infarction ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 50-year-old woman with idiopathic deep cerebral sinus and vein thrombosis (DCVT) had cerebellar disturbance prior to impaired consciousness. CT and MRI revealed haemorrhagic infarction in the cerebellum and signal changes suggesting infarction in the thalamus and basal ganglia bilaterally. The straight sinus and internal cerebral vein (ICV) were dense on CT. On angiography, the vein of Galen (VG) and straight sinus were not seen. Following clinical recovery, CT and MRI became normal, and angiography showed recanalization of the VG and ICV. The relationship between cerebellar infarction and DCVT, and signal changes on CT and MRI are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593380
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy: MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 649-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Carmofur ; 5-Fluorouracil ; Leukoencephalopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carmofur, a derivative of 5-fluorouracil, has recently been noted to have an infrequent but serious association with leukoencephalopathy. To our knowledge, there has been no report of early MRI findings in this leukoencephalopathy. We describe a case in which diffuse high signal intensity of the entire cerebral white matter, including the corpus callosum, was seen on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Although similar findings can be seen in many other diseases, carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy should be suspected in a patient treated with carmofur. It is important to know the clinical and MRI characteristics of this condition, for early diagnosis and better prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593382
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leukoencephalopathy with swelling in children and adolescents: MRI patterns and differential diagnosis (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 679-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Leukoencephalopathy ; White matter swelling ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In children, several neurological disorders are characterised by spongiform leukoencephalopathy. MRI of the brain typically shows white matter swelling, but does not enable differentiation of the various underlying disorders. The aim of this article is optimisation of the diagnostic value of MRI in leukoencephalopathy accompanied by swelling. MRI-based inclusion criteria were met by 20 patients in our database. The images were analysed using a detailed scoring list. In 13 of the 20 patients the clinical diagnosis was known (11 definite and 2 probable diagnoses). Characteristic MRI abnormalities could be defined in these patients. Of the 7 patients without a diagnosis, 5 had identical MRI abnormalities: difuse hemisphere swelling and typical cysts in frontoparietal subcortical white matter and the tips of the temporal lobes. The clinical picture was also similar in these patients, suggesting a similar disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593394
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    Use of a neural network and a multiple regression model to predict histologic grade of astrocytoma from MRI appearances (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Neural network ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several MRI features of supratentorial astrocytomas are associated with high histologic grade by statistically significant p values. We sought to apply this information prospectively to a group of astrocytomas in the prediction of tumor grade. We used 10 MRI features of fibrillary astrocytomas from 52 patient studies to develop neural network and multiple linear regression models for practical use in predicting tumor grade. The models were tested prospectively on MR images from 29 patient studies. The performance of the models was compared against that of a radiologist. Neural network accuracy was 61% in distinguishing between low and high grade tumors. Multiple linear regression achieved an accuracy of 59%. Assessment of the images by a radiologist yielded 57% accuracy. We conclude that while certain MRI parameters may be statistically related to astrocytoma histologic grade, neural network and linear regression models cannot reliably use them to predict tumor grade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588619
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Adult medulloblastoma: review of 13 cases with emphasis on MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain neoplasm diagnosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medulloblastomas are generally associated with childhood, but 14–30% occur in adults, accounting for 1% of adult central nervous system tumors. While approximately one third of adult medulloblastomas present as vermian tumors similar to those seen in childhood, the majority differ substantially from the childhood variety. In this series of 13 patients, 5 had lateral, seemingly extra-axial masses in the cerebellopontine angle or at the tentorium, simulating meningiomas or acoustic neuromas, but angiographic hypovascularity in 2 of the latter suggested a diagnosis other than meningioma. Of 4 paramedian tumors, 3 diffusely infiltrated the cerebellar white matter, showed little or no gadolinium enhancement and were not associated with hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was present in less than half of our patients; in childhood the reported incidence is 85–100%. A possible association with pregancy was noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588622
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    The corpus callosum in communicating and noncommunicating hydrocephalus (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 212-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Corpus callosum ; Hydrocephalus ; Dementia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate morphological changes in the corpus callosum in hydrocephalus and to correlate them with clinical findings we studied sagittal T2*-weighted cine MR images of 163 patients with hydrocephalus. The height, length and cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum were measured and related to the type of cerebrospinal fluid flow anomaly and to clinical features, especially dementia. With expansion of the lateral ventricles the corpus callosum showed mainly elevation of its body and, to a lesser degree, increase in length. Upward bowing was more pronounced in noncommunicating than in communicating hydrocephalus. Dorsal impingement on the corpus callosum by the free edge of the falx correlated with the height of the corpus callosum. Cross-sectional area did not correlate with either height, length or impingement; it was, however, the strongest anatomical discriminator between demented and nondemented patients. The area of the corpus callosum was significantly smaller in patients with white matter disease. Our findings suggest that, due to its plasticity, the corpus callosum can to some degree resist distortion in hydrocephalus. Dementia, although statistically related to atrophy of the corpus callosum, is possibly more directly related to white matter disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578260
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ependymomas of the posterior cranial fossa: CT and MRI findings (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Ependymoma ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Children ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Brain tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied nine children with posterior cranial fossa ependymomas to identify specific neuroradiological features. Patients were studied preoperatively with CT and MRI; T1-, T2-and proton-density (PD)-weighted images were obtained. All children underwent surgery and a definite histopathological diagnosis was made. All the tumours grew into the fourth ventricle and caused dilatation of its upper part, which resembled a cap. All but one were separated from the vermis by a cleavage plane. In eight cases there was desmoplastic development through the foramina of the fourth ventricle, and five were heterogeneous due to necrosis and cystic change; one had a haemorrhagic area. In most cases the solid portion was isointense with grey matter on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on PD weighting, and isointense on T2-weighted images. On CT the tumour was isodense in six cases and calcification was detected in four. The presence of both desmoplastic development and a tumour/vermis cleavage plane in a posterior cranial fossa tumour isodense on CT is highly suggestive of ependymoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578265
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Baseline and follow-up MRI of the internal auditory canal after suboccipital resection of acoustic schwannoma: appearances and clinical correlations (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Internal auditory canal ; Acoustic schwannoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prospective baseline MRI was obtained on 31 patients who had “total” removal of acoustic schwannoma 6 months to 9 years previously. Follow-up MRI was performed after 1–2 years on patients with questionable abnormalities. We found four patterns (1) internal auditory canals (IAC) with nonenhancing soft-tissue strands, possibly scars or distorted residual nerves (8); (2) IAC with marginal enhancement-reactive dura mater (16); (3) IAC with contrast-enhancing globular tissues suggesting residual or recurrent tumour (5); (4) high-signal intensity in the IAC before contrast medium administration, probably related to graft with fat/fascia/muscle (2). Prospective 1-to 2-year follow-up studies were available in 8, 5, and 1 patients in groups 2, 3, and 4 respectively. In group 2, dural enhancement remained unchanged in 5 patients and decreased in 3. In group 3 follow-up showed 1 tumor recurrence (surgically confirmed) and 4 stable abnormalities. In group 4, follow-up in 1 of the 2 patients was stable. In groups 1 and 2, the MRI features correlate well with complete tumor removal. Whether follow-up in these groups is indicated needs to be determined. In group 3 residual or recurrent tumor cannot be excluded. In group 4, grafts may prevent adequate visualization of the IAC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588345
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Mineralizing microangiopathy: CT and MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Mineralizing microangiopathy ; Chemotherapy R ; Radiotherapy ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mineralizing microangiopathy, a distinctive histopathologic process involving the microvasculature of the central nervous system (CNS), is usually seen following combined radiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of CNS neoplasms in childhood. CT typically demonstrates calcification within the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter. The areas of calcification may give paradoxically increased signal on T1-weighted MRI due to a surface-relaxation mechanism, and decreased signal on T2-weighted images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588350
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Angiographically occult malformation ; Spinal arteriovenous malformation ; Cavernous malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed 11 cases of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (IMCH) studied by MRI, to assess its diagnostic value in these lesions. Follow-up MRI was obtained in five patients 7 days–2 years following the initial study. In one case a postoperative examination was obtained. The diagnosis was pathologically proven in ten cases, and supported in the last by a family and personal history of cavernous haemangiomas. A reticulate appearance with areas of mixed signal intensity in both T1- and T2-weighted images was the most common finding. Homogeneous high, low or intermediate signal intensity was each found in one case. Two small lesions gave low signal. A rim of low signal was less common than in cerebral cavernous haemangiomas. In one case, the brain showed more than 20 lesions with the MRI appearances of cavernous haemangiomas. In two of five patients, serial preoperative MRI showed progressive disappearance of high-signal areas on both T1- and T2-weighted images. To find a haemorrhagic intramedullary lesion on MRI is not rare. Although the appearances are not pathognomonic, an IMCH can be suggested. We suggest that the following characteristics may help: (1) a personal and/or family history of cavernous haemangiomas; (2) typical MRI appearances of mixed acute, subacute and chronic haemorrhage; (3) a tendency for signal intensity to decrease on follow-up; (4) normal spinal angiography; and (5) associated brain lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588339
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Benign osteoblastoma of the temporal bone: MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 326-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Osteoblastoma ; Skull ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated a 27-year-old woman with a retroauricular tumour. MRI revealed a signal void on T1- and T2-weighted images, and irregular enhancement with gadolinium-DTPA. The underlying dura mater also enhanced. The tumour was resected completely, and histological examination showed a benign osteoblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588348
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Moyamoya disease: diagnostic accuracy of MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 356-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Moyamoya disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebral angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in moyamoya disease. We studied 30 patients with this disease, comparing MRI and angiographic findings. The diagnostic value of MRI was evaluated for occlusive lesions, collateral vessels, and parenchymal lesions. In all patients bilateral occlusion or stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and proximal anterior and middle cerebral arteries was clearly shown by MRI, and staging of the extent of occlusion agreed with angiographic staging in 44 (73%) of 60 arteries. MRI, particularly coronal images, clearly showed basal cerebral moyamoya vessels in 54 hemispheres, and 45 of a total of 71 large leptomeningeal and transdural collateral vessels were identified. MRI also showed parenchymal lesions in 48 (80%) hemispheres, and the extent of occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulations respectively correlated with white matter and cortical and/or subcortical infarcts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588011
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Serial changes on MRI in lumbar disc herniations treated conservatively (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 378-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Lumbar disc herniation ; Conservative treatment ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using serial MRI, we studied 32 patients with herniated lumbar discs, treated conservatively, to clarify the natural history of this condition. MRI was performed in the acute stage, then 6 months and 1 year later. On axial images, the proportion of the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal occupied by the herniated disc was 31.9% on the average on the initial scan, 28.7% 6 months and 25.3% 1 year later. The size of the herniation decreased by more than 20% in 11 patients (34%), by 10–20 % in 8 (28%) and was unchaged in 12 (38%). The height of the disc slightly decreased with time, but there was no significant change in the angle of lordosis in the affected segment. The initial MRI revealed degeneration of all affected discs, and progressive degeneration was observed in 9 patients. The more degenerate the disc and the larger the initial herniation the more the size of the herniated fragment decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588017
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Hyperhomocysteinaemia; with reference to its neuroradiological aspects (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 403-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Hyperhomocysteinaemia ; Premature arteriosclerosis ; Demyelination ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Severe or even mild hyperhomocysteinaemia can cause a wide range of neurological problems. In recent years its vascular complications, including cerebral stroke, in children and young adults have gained special interest, because hyperhomocysteinaemia is treatable and recurrence of vascular incidents may be preventable. Current knowledge about biochemical mechanisms leading to hyperhomocysteinaemia, the pathogenesis of vascular pathology and neurological disfunction, and the various patterns of cerebral damage are reviewed. The significance of MRI in diagnosis, follow-up and research on hyperhomocysteinaemia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588024
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  • 58
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    Electronic Resource
    Serial MRI changes in radiation myelopathy (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 374-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Myelopathy ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using MRI we assessed the changes in signal, size, and contrast enhancement characteristics of the cervical spinal cord in radiation myelopathy developing after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We studied two men and five women, aged 40–77 years. The first MRI study was performed 1–4 months after the initial clinical manifestations of myelopathy, and follow-up MRI 2–22 months after the onset of symptoms. On the first study, all patients showed low signal intensity in a long segment of the cervical spinal cord on T1-weighted images, high signal on T2*-weighted images, and focal contrast enhancement at C1–2. In five patients there was also swelling of the spinal cord. The site of eccentric focal contrast enhancement correlated with the clinical manifestations. Follow-up imaging less than 10 months after the onset of symptoms showed no significant changes in signal intensity. Focal contrast enhancement at C1–2 remained the same in three patients, was more dense and larger in one, and less dense in another. Subsidence of swelling was seen in two patients. Atrophy of the spinal cord at C1–2, without abnormal signal and with faint contrast enhancement at C1–2 was revealed as early as 10 months after the onset of symptoms, but the contrast enhancement disappeared by 22 months. There was no correlation between clinical manifestations and spinal cord atrophy on MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588016
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI in chronic paint-thinner intoxication (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain iron ; Thinner intoxication ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of paint-thinner intoxication in which MRI showed lesions in both white matter and basal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600086
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI of a pituitary cryptococcoma simulating an adenoma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 449-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary ; Cryptococcosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare pituitary cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient, with radiological features similar to those of a pituitary macroadenoma. Although unusual, it should be added to the list of differential diagnosis of pituitary masses. Contrast enhancement of adjacent meninges differentiated the lesion from an adenoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600089
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  • 61
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    Electronic Resource
    Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: orbital MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 459-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ; Visual loss ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Blood-retinal barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case is reported of a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension examined with magnetic resonance imaging. Marked enhancement of the optic nerve heads was found, which might be related to blood-retinal barrier breakdown related to a sudden rise in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600093
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  • 62
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    Electronic Resource
    Gliofibroma: CT and MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; neoplasms ; Gliofibroma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe CT and MRI appearances in two children with pathologically proven gliofibromas, in the cerebrum and cerebellum. A striking finding was lack of high signal on T2-weighted MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600101
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  • 63
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    Electronic Resource
    Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or ADEM-like inflammatory changes in a heart-lung transplant recipient: a case report (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 434-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ; Transplantation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; FK-506 ; Rabbit antithymocyte globulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a white matter inflammatory disease which usually follows a viral infection or pharmaceutical intervention. We describe a case of presumed ADEM in a heart/lung transplant patient, the etiology of which cannot be elucidated. The fascinating aspect is the mode of clinical presentation and the rapid resolution of radiologic abnormalities. Histologic examination of the brain is provided in an attempt to elucidate the radiographic abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600082
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  • 64
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI in chronic paint-thinner intoxication (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain iron ; Thinner intoxication ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of paint-thinner intoxication in which MRI showed lesions in both white matter and basal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600086
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    Septic arthritis in a lumbar facet joint: a rare cause of an epidural abscess (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 462-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Epidural abscess ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium-DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 10-year-old boy presented with a 7-day history of back pain and pyrexia. MRI showed an epidural abscess arising from septic arthritis in a lumbar facet joint. Whilst septic arthritis in a large joint is relatively common in children, epidural abscess is rare. This case illustrates how infection in a synovial joint may extend into the extradural space and might be the route of infection in more cases than has previously been recognised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600094
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  • 66
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    Electronic Resource
    Meningioma presenting as a mass in the internal auditory canal (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 479-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Internal auditory meatus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe an entirely intracanalicular meningioma in a 49-year-old woman, mimicking an acoustic neuroma on CT cisternography and MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600100
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  • 67
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes in paranasal sinus abnormalities found incidentally on MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 471-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Paranasal sinuses ; Incidental finding ; Interval change ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormal opacification of paranasal sinuses on brain MRI was studied in 178 consecutive adult patients who underwent two examinations separated by at least 4 months because of suspected neurological disease. Sinus abnormality was present in 79 (44%) patients; in 60% the abnormality involved two or more sinuses and it was bilateral in 51%. The most frequently abnormal sinus was the maxillary (46%), followed by the ethmoid (32%), sphenoid (16%), and frontal sinuses (6%). Interval occurrence or complete resolution of abnormalities was observed in 52% of patients (66% of the sinuses). In the remaining 48% of patients the abnormalities were present on two or more examinations, unchanged or of increased or decreased severity. The most frequent interval changing abnormalities were complete sinus opacification and fluid levels, followed by irregular mucoperiosteal thickening more than 4 mm thick. No polypoid abnormalities (polyps or mucosal cysts) decreased over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600097
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  • 68
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    Dynamic enhancement MRI of anterior lobe in pituitary dwarfism (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 486-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Dynamic contrast enhancement ; Pituitary dwarfism ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 23 patients with pituitary dwarfism by dynamic MRI; with a repetition time of 150 or 50 ms. The time-enhancement difference curves of selected regions in the anterior lobes were plotted. Another 48 patients with no definite clinical pituitary disfunction were examined with the same technique. We found that the intensity of maximum enhancement in both groups was similar, but the time to achieve maximum enhancement was delayed in pituitary dwarfism with or without stalk transection; the time seemed longest with stalk transection. There was little difference in enhancement between patients with multiple hormone deficiency or isolated growth hormone deficiency. Dynamic MRI of the anterior lobes may be an important functional imaging study, and our results imply that poor perfusion is a useful finding in pituitary dwarfism, especially in patients without stalk transection and normal pituitary height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600102
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  • 69
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    Cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa: report of two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 564-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cholesterol granuloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Middle cranial fossa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two cases of cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa. On CT the lesions appeared as a nonspecific, nonenhancing soft-tissue mass with bone erosion. On MRI they were seen as areas of high signal intensity surrounded by a low-intensity peripheral zone on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatised cellsin the temporal bone become obstructed. Although this lesion usually occurs in the petrous bone, it can extend to the middle cranial fossa. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593723
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  • 70
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    Serial MRI in early Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease with a point mutation of prion protein at codon 180 (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 531-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Prion protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 66-year-old woman with histologically diagnosed Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), followed with MRI from an early clinical stage. MRI demonstrated expansion of the high cortical signal on T2-weighted images, which differs from previous MRI reports of CJD. This patient followed an atypical clinical course: 16 months had passed before she developed akinetic mutism, and periodic sharp waves had not been detected on EEG after 2 years in spite of her akinetic mutism. Brain biopsy showed primary spongiform changes in the grey matter, and a point mutation of the prion protein gene at codon 180 was discovered using polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing and Tth 111 I cutting. This is the first case with the point mutation of the codon 180 variant with an atypical clinical course and characteristic MRI findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593711
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  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of white matter changes in the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 576-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sjögren-Larsson syndrome ; Spastic diplegia ; Conduction aphasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with spastic diplegia and conduction aphasia. MRI demonstrated the white matter changes deep in the cerebral hemispheres. We analyse the MRI findings and compare the results with neuropsychological signs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593725
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  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa: report of two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 564-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cholesterol granuloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Middle cranial fossa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two cases of cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa. On CT the lesions appeared as a nonspecific, nonenhancing soft-tissue mass with bone erosion. On MRI they were seen as areas of high signal intensity surrounded by a low-intensity peripheral zone on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatised cells in the temporal bone become obstructed. Although this lesion usually occurs in the petrous bone, it can extend to the middle cranial fossa. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593723
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  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood neuroborreliosis: clinicoradiological correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 578-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lyme disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the cranial CT and MRI findings in three children with Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis). The neuroimaging findings in children have been rarely reported. We found cranial MRI far superior to cranial CT. Ring-enhancing lesions have been described in acute disseminating encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis but not in neuroborreliosis. Although other infectious and inflammatory diseases cannot be excluded, Lyme disease should be included in the differential diagnosis and put forward as being the most likely diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting. Gadopentetate dimeglumine is helpful in assessing the response to antibiotic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593726
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  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential diagnosis of extra-axial intracranial tumours by dynamic spin-echo MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 522-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuroma ; Meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic MRI was performed on 22 patients with extra-axial intracranial tumours. Serial images were obtained every 30 s for 3 min using a spin-echo sequence (TR 200, TE 15 ms) after rapid injection of Gd-DTPA, 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. The contrast medium enhancement ratio (CER) was correlated with the histology of the tumours. Meningiomas and extra-axial metastases showed a sharp rise, then a gradual decline. Although both had a definite early peak of CER, metastases showed a more rapid decline. Neuromas and extra-axial lymphoma showed a slow, steady increase with no peak within 180 s. This study indicates that the CER is helpful in the differentiation of extra-axial tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593708
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  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomised double-blind clinical trial of intermediate- versus high-dose chloral hydrate for neuroimaging of children (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 687-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Children ; Chloral hydrate ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sedation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orally administered chloral hydrate is the most widely used sedative in children undergoing MRI. We compared intermediate-and high-dose oral chloral hydrate in 97 consecutive children undergoing MRI in a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. There were 50 girls and 47 boys, mean weight (±SD) 14.7±6.4 kg, and mean age 38±31. The children were randomly allocated to receive chloral hydrate syrup either 70 mg/kg (group A,n=50) or 100 mg/kg (group B,n=47). These two groups were not significantly different in sex, weight, age, diagnosis or ambulatory medication. The mean initial dose (±SEM) was 64±2 mg/kg for group A and 93±2 mg/kg for group B. Because adequate sedation was not achieved, 14 patients in group A and 6 in group B required a second dose, giving a mean total dose of 70±2 mg/kg for group A and 96±2 mg/kg for group B. The percentage of successful examinations after the initial dose (A: 64%, B: 87%;p〈0.05) and the total dose (A: 92%, B: 100%;p=0.14) was higher in group B. Significant differences were found for the time of onset of sedation (A: 28±2 min, B: 21±1 min;p〈0.05), but not for the time to spontaneous awakening after the completion of the examination. The rate of adverse reactions was similar (A: 20%, B: 21%;p=1.00). We conclude that high-dose oral chloral hydrate improves the management of children undergoing MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593395
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  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminectomy-induced arachnoradiculitis: a postoperative serial MRI study (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 660-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Laminectomy ; Adhesive arachnoradiculitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lumbar spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Time-related changes of laminectomy-induced cauda equina adhesions were investigated by MRI in ten patients with degenerative spinal disease who underwent posterior surgery to the lumbar spine; seven had disc herniations and three spinal stenosis. Axial MRI was performed before and 3, 7, 21 and 42 days after surgery. Cauda equina adhesions were most severe at the laminectomised levels L3-4, L4-5 and L5-S1 (n=16); partial adhesions were found in 9 of 16 levels at 6 weeks after surgery. At the L3-4 or L5-S1 levels (n=14), the area of laminar exposure without laminectomy, the cauda equina adhesions continued 1 week after surgery, but thereafter resolved; only partial adhesions were seen at 5 of 14 levels 6 weeks after surgery. Shrinkage of the arachnoid sac was also found at the level of the laminectomy, but it re-expanded 3 weeks after surgery in all cases. Cauda equina adhesions and shrinkage of the sac were correlated closely with laminectomy, with or without discectomy, suggesting that an inflammatory process of deep wound healing may be involved in the mechanism of a laminectomy-induced arachnoradiculitis which may be correlated with post-operative leg symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593389
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  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue characterisation of atherosclerotic carotid plaques by MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 631-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Tissue characterisation ; Carotid artery ; Atheromatous plaque ; Intramural haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carotid artery plaques with intraplaque haemorrhage or atheromatous debris have been found to be associated with an increased risk of embolic stroke. Other methods have failed to detect plaque morphology, and it is not clear whether MRI allows differentiation between prognostically and therapeutically relevant plaque types. We examined 17 carotid bifurcation plaques which had been removed in toto by MRI. For quantifying MR signal intensities (I) the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was used: (ITissue– IRef) / SDRef, with normal saline (0.9 %) as reference (Ref) and the standard deviation (SD) of the noise. Measurements were correlated with the histopathological appearance of “simple plaques”, consisting of fibrous intimal thickening, lipid deposits and/or atheromatous tissue with cholesterol crystals, largely calcified plaques, and “complicated plaques”, containing recent intramural haemorrhage or friable atheromatous debris. Significantly different mean CNR could be measured in the three plaque types on T1- and T2-weighted sequences (p 〈 0.00001) and using the FLASH pulse sequence with a flip angle of 15 ° (p 〈 0.001). With the T1-weighted sequence simple plaques showed a CNR of 4.4 ± 2.3, calcified plaques −4.8 ± 2.6 and complicated plaques 15.1 ± 4.3. Using this technique, each single plaque could be correctly classified, an unalterable prerequisite for a clinical application. To date, motion artefacts due to patient movement or insufficiently triggerable vessel pulsation in combination with relative long acquisition times (6–7 min) have limited in vivo investigations. If these problems could be overcome, MRI might become a valuable technique for studying carotid plaque morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050166
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  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery from primary deep cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with recanalisation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sinus thrombosis ; Reperfusion ; Cerebral infarction ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 50-year-old woman with idiopathic deep cerebral sinus and vein thrombosis (DCVT) had cerebellar disturbance prior to impaired consciousness. CT and MRI revealed haemorrhagic infarction in the cerebellum and signal changes suggesting infarction in the thalamus and basal ganglia bilaterally. The straight sinus and internal cerebral vein (ICV) were dense on CT. On angiography, the vein of Galen (VG) and straight sinus were not seen. Following clinical recovery, CT and MRI became normal, and angiography showed recanalization of the VG and ICV. The relationship between cerebellar infarction and DCVT, and signal changes on CT and MRI are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050169
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  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminectomy-induced arachnoradiculitis: a postoperative serial MRI study (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 660-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Laminectomy ; Adhesive arachnoradiculitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lumbar spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Time-related changes of laminectomy-induced cauda equina adhesions were investigated by MRI in ten patients with degenerative spinal disease who underwent posterior surgery to the lumbar spine; seven had disc herniations and three spinal stenosis. Axial MRI was performed before and 3, 7, 21 and 42 days after surgery. Cauda equina adhesions were most severe at the laminectomised levels L3–4, L4–5 and L5–S1 (n = 16); partial adhesions were found in 9 of 16 levels at 6 weeks after surgery. At the L3–4 or L5–S1 levels (n = 14), the area of laminar exposure without laminectomy, the cauda equina adhesions continued 1 week after surgery, but thereafter resolved; only partial adhesions were seen at 5 of 14 levels 6 weeks after surgery. Shrinkage of the arachnoid sac was also found at the level of the laminectomy, but it re-expanded 3 weeks after surgery in all cases. Cauda equina adhesions and shrinkage of the sac were correlated closely with laminectomy, with or without discectomy, suggesting that an inflammatory process of deep wound healing may be involved in the mechanism of a laminectomy-induced arachnoradiculitis which may be correlated with postoperative leg symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050175
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leukoencephalopathy with swelling in children and adolescents: MRI patterns and differential diagnosis (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 679-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Leukoencephalopathy ; White matter swelling ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In children, several neurological disorders are characterised by spongiform leukoencephalopathy. MRI of the brain typically shows white matter swelling, but does not enable differentiation of the various underlying disorders. The aim of this article is optimisation of the diagnostic value of MRI in leukoencephalopathy accompanied by swelling. MRI-based inclusion criteria were met by 20 patients in our database. The images were analysed using a detailed scoring list. In 13 of the 20 patients the clinical diagnosis was known (11 definite and 2 probable diagnoses). Characteristic MRI abnormalities could be defined in these patients. Of the 7 patients without a diagnosis, 5 had identical MRI abnormalities: diffuse hemisphere swelling and typical cysts in frontoparietal subcortical white matter and the tips of the temporal lobes. The clinical picture was also similar in these patients, suggesting a similar disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050179
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomised double-blind clinical trial of intermediate- versus high-dose chloral hydrate for neuroimaging of children (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 687-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Children ; Chloral hydrate ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sedation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orally administered chloral hydrate is the most widely used sedative in children undergoing MRI. We compared intermediate- and high-dose oral chloral hydrate in 97 consecutive children undergoing MRI in a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. There were 50 girls and 47 boys, mean weight (± SD) 14.7 ± 6.4 kg, and mean age 38 ± 31. The children were randomly allocated to receive chloral hydrate syrup either 70 mg/kg (group A, n = 50) or 100 mg/kg (group B, n = 47). These two groups were not significantly different in sex, weight, age, diagnosis or ambulatory medication. The mean initial dose (± SEM) was 64 ± 2 mg/kg for group A and 93 ± 2 mg/kg for group B. Because adequate sedation was not achieved, 14 patients in group A and 6 in group B required a second dose, giving a mean total dose of 70 ± 2 mg/kg for group A and 96 ± 2 mg/kg for group B. The percentage of successful examinations after the initial dose (A: 64 %, B: 87 %; p 〈 0.05) and the total dose (A: 92 %, B: 100 %; p = 0.14) was higher in group B. Significant differences were found for the time of onset of sedation (A: 28 ± 2 min, B: 21 ± 1 min; p 〈 0.05), but not for the time to spontaneous awakening after the completion of the examination. The rate of adverse reactions was similar (A: 20 %, B: 21 %; p = 1.00). We conclude that high-dose oral chloral hydrate improves the management of children undergoing MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050180
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H and31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of white matter signal hyperintensity areas in elderly subjects (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 615-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: White matter signal changes ; Normal aging ; N-Acetylaspartate ; Ischemia ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract White matter signal hyperintensities (WMSH) are commonly seen on MRI of elderly subjects. The purpose of this study was to characterize metabolic changes in the white matter of elderly subjects with extensive WMSH. We used water-suppressed proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to compare six subjects with extensive WMSH with eight age-matched elderly subjects with minimal or absent WMSH, and phosphorus (31P) MRSI to compare nine subjects with extensive WMSH and seven age-matched elderly subjects without extensive WMSH. Relative to region-matched tissue in elderly controls, extensive WMSH were associated with increased signal from choline-containing metabolites, no significant change of signal fromN-acetylaspartate, and a trend to a decreased phosphomonoester (PME) resonance. These findings suggest that WMSH may be associated with an alteration of brain myelin phospholipids in the absence of axonal damage. There were no differences in energy phosphates, consistent with lack of ongoing brain ischemia. Within the group with extensive WMSH, PME resonance measures were significantly lower in WMSH than in contralateral normal-appearing white matter. These results provide information on pathophysiology of WMSH and a basis for comparison with WMSH in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593373
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of pineal region tumours: relationship between tumours and adjacent structures (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 624-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pineal region tumours ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Germ cell tumours ; Pineal cell tumours ; Meningiomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A variety of tumours may arise in the pineal region; accurate diagnosis is important in the selection of treatment and prognosis. A retrospective analysis of the MRI studies of 25 patients with pathologically proven pineal region tumours was performed, focused on the relationship between the tumour and neighbouring structures. Compression of the tectal plate was classified as expansive or invasive, and compression of the corpus callosum as inferior, anterior or posterior. In 10 of the 14 patients (71%) with germ cell tumours tectal compression was of the invasive type; 8 patients (57%) had multiple tumours and in 13 (93%) the tumour margins were irregular. Teratomas were readily diagnosed because of characteristic heterogeneous signal intensity. Pineal cell tumours were differentiated from germ cell tumours by their rounded shape, solid nature, sharp margins, and expansive type of tectal compression. Meningiomas were characterised by their falcotentorial attachments, posterior callosal compression, and a low-intensity rim on T2-weighted images. Gd-DTPA injection enabled clear demonstration of the site and extent of tumour spread and was useful in differentiating cystic and solid components. The appearances described, while not pathognomonic, are helpful in the differential diagnosis of pineal region tumours, and valuable in planning appropriate treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593374
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue characterisation of atherosclerotic carotid plaques by MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 631-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Tissue characterisation ; Carotid artery ; Atheromatous plaque ; Intramural haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carotid artery plaques with intraplaque haemorrhage or atheromatous debris have been found to be associated with an increased risk of embolic stroke. Other methods have failed to detect plaque morphology, and it is not clear whether MRI allows differentiation between prognostically and therapeutically relevant plaque types. We examined 17 carotid bifurcation plaques which had been removed in toto by MRI. For quantifying MR signal intensities (I) the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was used: (ITissue-IRef)/SDRef, with normal saline (0.9%) as reference (Ref) and the standard deviation (SD) of the noise. Measurements were correlated with the histopathological appearance of “simple plaques”, consisting of fibrous intimal thickening, lipid deposits and/or atheromatous tissue with cholesterol crystals, largely calcified plaques, and “complicated plaques”, containing recent intramural haemorrhage or friable atheromatous debris. Significantly different mean CNR could be measured in the three plaque types on T1- and T2-weighted sequences (p〈0.00001) and using the FLASH pulse sequence with a flip angle of 15° (p〈0.001). With the T1-weighted sequence simple plaques showed a CNR of 4.4±2.3, calcified plaques −4.8±2.5 and complicated plaques 15.1±4.3. Using this technique, each single plaque could be correctly classified, an unalterable prerequisite for a clinical application. To date, motion artefacts due to patient movement or insufficiently triggerable vessel pulsation in combination with relative long acquisition times (6–7 min) have limited in vivo investigations. If these problems could be overcome, MRI might become a valuable technique for studying carotid plaque morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593376
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyloidoma of the skull: plain radiographs, CT and MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 44-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Skull amyloidoma ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amyloidomas involving bone are rare. The 67-year-old man reported here had a large amyloidoma of the left frontal, parietal, sphenoid (greater wing) and temporal bones causing neural compression. Plain radiographs CT and MRI are shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593216
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of infarction of a cavernous sinus tumor in Nelson's syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Nelson's syndrome ; Cavernous sinus ; Infarct ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the MRI appearances of an infarcted cavernous sinus tumor in a patient with Nelson's syndrome. Invasive tumors of the pituitary extending to the cavernous sinus are discussed and the role of MRI in preoperative investigation is highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593218
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteochondroma of the skull base: MRI and histological correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 41-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Osteochondroma ; Skull base ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Fat suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A skull base osteochondroma (benign exostosis) in a 38-year-old man is reported. MRI was not only very useful for determining the extent of the tumour, but also showed its fat content and, on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed images, its vascularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593215
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in presumed cervical anterior spinal artery territory infarcts (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 56-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Infarction ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract WE report the MRI findings in two patients with presumed cervical spinal cord infarcts in the anterior spinal artery territory. MRI revealed abnormal signal intensities and/or band-like enhancement in the anterior two-thirds of the cervical spinal cord, corresponding to the vascular territory of the anterior spinal artery. Clinically there was an anterior spinal cord syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593222
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of encephalitis in children: comparison of CT and MRI in the acute stage with long-term follow-up (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Encephalitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Follow-up examinations ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 14 children aged 28 days to 12.7 years with encephalitis by CT or MRI. Of the patients examined by CT 58 % had a normal first scan, whereas all MRI investigations demonstrated abnormalities. The clinical features correlated with several MRI investigations. On MRI herpes (HSV) encephalitis started in the medial temporal lobe and encephalomalacia developed within a few weeks. All patients had a follow-up examination 0.5 to 6.5 years after the acute phase. MRI revealed abnormalities in 13 of the 14 children; one boy, with lesions in only the white matter, had a normal follow-up MRI. Even with immediate, optimal therapy the children demonstrated severe parenchymal abnormalities. Signal abnormalities seen in the acute phase of the disease were likely to persist. In children with HSV encephalitis atypical lesions in different areas were seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593228
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oculodental digital dysplasia: neuroimaging in a kindred (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 84-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Oculodental digital dysplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Genetic disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Oculodental digital dysplasia (ODDD) is an uncommon inherited disorder with characteristic facial abnormalities, defects in dentition and syndactyly; previous reports have described neurologic dysfunction. We present neuroimaging features of a mother and daughter with ODDD; despite only the mother having neurologic dysfunction, the MRI findings in both are strikingly similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593230
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of cerebellopontine angle choroid plexus papilloma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 38-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cerebellopontine ; angle ; Choroid plexus papilloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a cerebellopontine angle choroid plexus papilloma that originated from the tuft of choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle protruding from the foramen of Luschka. MRI and CT did not establish the diagnosis, but the tumor was shown histopathologically to be a choroid plexus papilloma. Distinct features of the tumor on MRI are described and the differential diagnosis of other cerebellopontine angle tumors is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593214
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncommon posterior cranial fossa anomalies: MRI with clinical correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Posterior fossa, anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical and MRI findings in two cases of rhombencephalosynapsis (RS) and two of tectocerebellar dysraphia (TCD) with an associated occipital encephalocele were studied to elucidate the clinical picture and embryogenesis of these rare anomalies. To our knowledge, only one case of TCD [1] and four of RS [2, 3] examined by MRI during life have been reported. The clinical picture in the cases of RS was rather constant and there were similarities with TCD. Consideration of the embryogenesis of the neural tube suggests a temporal proximity of the abnormalities, with TCD arising at a slightly earlier time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588525
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meningioangiomatosis: advanced imaging and pathological study of two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meningioangiomatosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Malignant meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare benign intracranial tumour of uncertain pathogenesis, with only 33 cases reported in the literature. Imaging features have been described in 21 cases, only 3 with contrast-enhanced MRI. We present two cases of MA with MRI and/or CT findings and gross, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics. MRI is particularly helpful for establishing the origin of the lesion and its anatomical location, while CT shows calcification, if present. The pathological characteristics establish the diagnosis and underline the differences from other entities such as malignant meningioma, one of the most important differential diagnostic considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588625
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ruptured spinal dermoid cyst with chemical arachnoiditis and disseminated intracranial lipid droplets (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 146-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Dermoid cyst ; Spinal tumor ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 33-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of gradually progressive leg weakness. Spinal MRI and myelography with CT demonstrated an extensive intradural abnormality suggesting a diffuse inflammatory or neoplastic process. Only after cranial CT and MRI demonstrated lipid droplets was the diagnosis of a ruptured spinal dermoid cyst suggested. Subsequent laminectomy revealed a ruptured intradural dermoid cyst in the lumbar spine, with chemical arachnoiditis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588632
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a neural network and a multiple regression model to predict histologic grade of astrocytoma from MRI appearances (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Astrocytoma ; Neural network ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several MRI features of supratentorial astrocytomas are associated with high histologic grade by statistically significant p values. We sought to apply this information prospectively to a group of astrocytomas in the prediction of tumor grade. We used 10 MRI features of fibrillary astrocytomas from 52 patient studies to develop neural network and multiple linear regression models for practical use in predicting tumor grade. The models were tested prospectively on MR images from 29 patient studies. The performance of the models was compared against that of a radiologist. Neural network accuracy was 61 % in distinguishing between low and high grade tumors. Multiple linear regression achieved an accuracy of 59 %. Assessment of the images by a radiologist yielded 57 % accuracy. We conclude that while certain MRI parameters may be statistically related to astrocytoma histologic grade, neural network and linear regression models cannot reliably use them to predict tumor grade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588619
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult medulloblastoma: review of 13 cases with emphasis on MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain neoplasm ; diagnosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medulloblastomas are generally associated with childhood, but 14–30 % occur in adults, accounting for 1 % of adult central nervous system tumors. While approximately one third of adult medulloblastomas present as vermian tumors similar to those seen in childhood, the majority differ substantially from the childhood variety. In this series of 13 patients, 5 had lateral, seemingly extra-axial masses in the cerebellopontine angle or at the tentorium, simulating meningiomas or acoustic neuromas, but angiographic hypovascularity in 2 of the latter suggested a diagnosis other than meningioma. Of 4 paramedian tumors, 3 diffusely infiltrated the cerebellar white matter, showed little or no gadolinium enhancement and were not associated with hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was present in less than half of our patients; in childhood the reported incidence is 85–100 %. A possible association with pregnancy was noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588622
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface anatomy scanning (SAS) in intracranial tumours: comparison with surgical findings (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 94-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Surface anatomy scanning ; Brain tumours ; Cortical veins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the usefulness of surface anatomy scanning (SAS) in intracranial tumours, comparing it with surgical findings. We examined 31 patients with brain tumours preoperatively. The tumours included 16 meningiomas, 8 gliomas, 4 metastases and 3 others. SAS clearly demonstrated the tumours, allowing them to be distinguished from the structures of the brain surface, including oedema, except in cases of metastasis. SAS clearly demonstrated large cortical veins. SAS is useful for three-dimensional delineation of the brain surface before surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588620
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of corpus callosum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shown by MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 287-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus callosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormal high signal in the corticospinal tracts on MRI has been described in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We report a case with further high signal in fibres of the corpus callosum on proton density and T2-weighted spin-echo images, closely matching findings of earlier pathological reports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588334
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the corpus callosum and cerebellum: gadolinium-enhanced MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Histiocytosis ; Langerhans cell ; Brain diseases ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic disorder consisting of abnormal histiocyte proliferation, in the form of focal deposits. Central nervous system involvement is most common in the hypothalamus, although other sites have been described, such as the cerebellum and the meninges. We present a case with presumed involvement of the corpus callosum and cerebellum, demonstrating gadolinium enhancement on MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588335
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypical demyelinating lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 284-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Demyelination ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe an atypical MRI appearance of multiple sclerosis (MS). Lesions characterized on T2-weighted images by a well-defined rim of increased signal intensity and a concentric region of higher signal intensity were seen in 6 of 132 patients with MS. On T1-weighted images these lesions were evident as regions of low signal intensity, often with a rim of contrast enhancement or increased signal intensity. These appearances tended to be shown by new, evolving lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588333
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