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  • 1995-1999  (196)
  • 1999  (196)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (100)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (96)
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 1995-1999  (196)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in the myenteric plexus of the rat gastrointestinal tract: distribution and regional density (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 99-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Autonomic ; Wholemounts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myenteric ganglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Nitrergic (NO) neurons play crucial inhibitory roles in the control of gut motility. Variations in the density of these neurons within the gastrointestinal tract (GI) may provide useful functional information, but, most surveys available have employed limited and/or highly localized samples. It remains unclear to what extent (a) NO neurons are concentrated disproportionately in particular GI regions, or (b) variations in NO cell number merely reflect changes in overall myenteric neuron density. This experiment surveyed the distributions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive (NOS+) and other myenteric neurons in the GI tract, using immunohistochemical and Cuprolinic blue counterstaining techniques. Adjustable sampling grids superimposed on wholemounts were used to investigate the topographic patterns in the stomach (90 sampling sites; 45 per side) and proximal duodenum (63 loci). We present four major findings: First, variations were detected in the number of NOS+ neurons in specific regions of the stomach (e.g., corpus〉antrum@forestomach) and along both longitudinal (oral〉anal) and circumferential (mesenteric〉antimesenteric) axes in the duodenum. Second, the variations in NOS+ neuronal counts within each organ covaried with the total number of myenteric neurons at different locations (stomach, r=0.77; duodenum, r=0.59), suggesting that local myenteric plexus density is a factor determining NOS+ cell concentrations. Third, in contrast to such a principle of covariation within each organ, NOS+ neurons constituted a consistently smaller proportion of gastric (20%) than of duodenal (28%) myenteric plexus neurons, suggesting that a second principle controls the characteristic percentages of the myenteric plexus that express NOS in different organs. Fourth, the regional samples were used to extrapolate the overall number of NOS+ and total myenteric cells in the rat stomach (43,000; 217,000) and first 3.5 cm of the small intestine (29,000; 103,000). These results, taken together, also suggest that the surveying protocol used is capable of detecting subtle differences in cellular distributions, thus providing a practical strategy for investigating patterns of chemical phenotypes within the GI tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular matrix and development of lamination in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 549-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Visual system ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; PNA ; Tenascin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), the cytoarchitectonic lamination of the lateral geniculate nucleus cannot be detected at birth; it only appears during the early postnatal period. However, a laminated pattern was revealed with rapid Golgi staining and retinal afferents were segregated into the appropriate laminae well before cytoarchitectonic lamination could be seen. Both observations indicate that the extracellular matrix may play a role in the separation of lateral geniculate nucleus cells into laminae. In the present study, the organization of the extracellular matrix was investigated during development using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. For immunohistochemistry, peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin and antibodies against tenascin (TN) were chosen, while for in situ hybridization, mTN riboprobes were used, simultaneously, with antibodies against Vimentin (Vim) and microtubule associated protein (MAP-2). The results showed that the pattern of PNA-binding glycoproteins and that of tenascin were relatively similar, although tenascin appeared later and disappeared earlier. The first interlaminar spaces to be detected were those between layers innervated by opposite eyes. The TN specific mRNA was detected in the lateral geniculate nucleus at P0, but was no longer visible at P7. By comparing TN mRNA and Vim or MAP-2 stainings a correspondence could be observed. The extracellular matrix lamination therefore seems to precede cytoarchitectonic lamination, suggesting that the extracellular matrix may play a role in the development of laminated structures. The TN-producing cells seem to be developing astrocytes and neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050252
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronological study of the appearance of adenohypophysial cells in the ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Fish ; Pituitary gland ; Developmental biology ; Cell differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We previously reported the chronological appearance of adenohypophysial cells in freshwater teleosts using an immunocytochemical technique. The present study investigated the chronological appearance of adenohypophysial cells in the ayu, which is spawned and has its early development in brackish water, and the results were compared with those obtained in freshwater and seawater teleosts, as well as in other vertebrates. In the adult teleostean adenohypophysis, seven or eight types of secretory cells have been distinguished, each of which produce different hormones: prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), gonadotropic hormones (GTH I and GTH II), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH) and somatolactin (SL). In the pituitary of adult ayu, seven distinct types of glandular cells (PRL, GH, TSH, GTH, ACTH, MSH and SL cells) were identified. Chronologically, a few immunoreactive (ir)-PRL and ir-GH cells appeared in the ventral side of the pituitary one day before hatching. Then, just after hatching, ir-GTH cells were observed in the central to dorsal portion; ir-ACTH cells were found distributed in the anterior portion and some ir-MSH and a few ir-SL cells were seen in the posterior portion of the pituitary. Finally, a small number of ir-TSH cells were identified 50 days after hatching. These results differed from those obtained in other fishes previously reported with regard to the times of appearance of the PRL and GH cells. PRL cells appeared first, followed by GH cells in the freshwater teleosts, PRL and GH cells appeared at the same time in the brackishwater teleosts, while GH cells appeared first and PRL cells appeared last in the seawater teleosts. These results reflect the fact that PRL plays a major role in osmoregulation among freshwater teleosts, as compared with GH, which plays a similar role in seawater teleosts. It seems that both PRL and GH may play important roles in osmoregulation in brackishwater fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050295
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of cytokeratin filaments and vimentin in developing human taste buds (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Gustatory papillae ; Embryonic development ; Fetal development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Taste buds in humans originate from approximately the 8th postovulatory week under the influence of ingrowing nerve fibers. Since they develop from local epithelium, it is of interest whether or not prospective taste cells maintain or develop characteristics of epithelial cells that are different from those of the adjacent epithelium during differentiation. The aim of this study was to monitor changes of the distribution of the cytokeratin filaments (CKs) 8, 18, 19 and 20 (”gastrointestinal” type), CK 7 (”ductal” type), and CK 13 (maturation ”mucosa type”), as well as vimentin in developing human taste buds and adjacent squamous epithelium. With the exception of CK13, which remains negative in taste bud anlagen and adult taste buds, all cytokeratins tested were present in taste cells. With the progress of development, the distribution of CKs becomes more and more restricted to taste cells and salivatory ducts as well as Ebner gland cells. Only CK20 is exclusively specific to taste bud anlagen and sometimes to individual bipolar cells occurring in early stages (week 8–9). Vimentin was located mainly in mesodermal derivatives but also in perigemmal epithelial cells during all stages of development. The occurrence of vimentin in ”borderline” epithelia that interface with underlying connective tissue, i.e., in a region of discontinuity, may be associated with particular events in development, cell migration or even dedifferentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050229
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive nerve terminals apposed to α-motoneurons during postnatal development in kittens: a quantitative study using the disector (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 129 (1999), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Lumbar motoneurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Light microscopy ; GABA and glycine colocalization ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glycine-immunoreactive (IR) terminal-like structures apposed to somatic and dendritic membrane of lumbar α-motoneurons in column 2 was examined in 1- and 3-week-old kittens and in the adult cat. This quantitative study was carried out using a postembedding technique on semithin sections and a stereological method, the disector. Analysis of immunoreactive terminals showed that the percentages of GABA-IR and glycine-IR terminals (these populations include terminals containing both GABA and glycine) apposed to somatic and proximal dendritic compartments of α-motoneurons are almost the same in kittens, while in the adult glycinergic innervation becomes predominant. This change results from: (1) the decrease in numbers of GABA-IR terminals contacting the somatic compartment between 3 weeks and adult stage, while the numbers of glycine-IR terminals show no significant changes after birth and the numbers of terminals containing both neurotransmitters (GABA-IR+glycine-IR) present transient changes and (2) the postnatal increase in the dendritic compartment, in numbers of GABA-IR, glycine-IR and GABA-IR+glycine-IR terminals; the increase being larger for glycine-IR terminals. Furthermore, using a postembedding immunogold technique, observations by electron microscopy showed that GABA-IR P boutons apposed to M boutons can already be identified at 1 week after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050893
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The birthdates of GABA-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the rat retina (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 128 (1999), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words GABA ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Proliferation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retina ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The birthdates of GABAergic amacrine cells in the rat retina were investigated by immunocytochemistry using anti-GABA and anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antisera. The ratio of co-localization of GABA to BrdU increased gradually from embryonic-day 13 (E13) and showed a peak value on E18 in the central retina and on E20 in the periphery. After birth, until postnatal-day 3 (P3), a few co-localized cells were observed in the inner nuclear layer (INL). However, in the peripheral retina, co-localized cells were observed in the INL and ganglion cell layer until P5. Our results suggest that the birthdates of GABA-immunoreactive cells vary, depending on cell-type and that there is a temporal lag in the GABA-immunoreactive cell production in the peripheral retina relative to the central retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050851
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of elastin and elastic fibers in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 540-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) ; Elastic fibers ; Elastin ; Connective tissue ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is characterized by hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, causing pyloric-channel narrowing and elongation. The rigidity of the muscle is increased, which is characterized as an “olive.” Elastin is an insoluble protein that forms the major structural component of the elastic fibers and maintains the tensile strength of the tissues. To understand the possible histologic and molecular basis of the elasticity of the hypertrophic muscle in IHPS, we determined the distribution of the elastic fibers and elastin expression using Victoria blue van Gieson (VVG) staining and immunohistochemistry. In IHPS, the number of elastic fibers in the connective tissue was significantly increased in the thickened connective-tissue septa (CTS) compared with normal control specimens. In normal pyloric muscle, weak to moderate elastin immunoreactivity was observed in the CTS while no immunoreactivity was observed among the muscle fibers. In IHPS, strong immunoreactivity of elastin was observed in the CTS and moderate immunoreactivity among the hypertrophic smooth-muscle fibers. Our findings suggest that the increase on elastic fibers and elastin expression in the pyloric muscle in IHPS may play an important role in the development of pyloric-muscle rigidity, causing pyloric-canal obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050665
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (1999)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 32 (1999), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Gastrointestinal stromal tumor ; Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gastrointestinal tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) were studied by immunohistochemical analysis and an ultrastructural procedure. The tumor locations were as follows: esophagus (2), stomach (7), small intestine (3), and large intestine (4). Four of the lesions were classified as malignant, 2 as borderline, and 10 as benign. On the basis of the immunohistochemical analysis, the tumors were classified as follows: 1 as myogenic type, 2 as Schwann cell type, 8 as Cajal cell type (including 2 gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors, GANTs), and 5 as mixed-cell type. In each subtype the phenotype was compared to the ultrastructural findings. Myogenic and Schwann cell type revealed ultrastructurally smooth muscle differentiation and schwannian tumor. All 8 tumors of the Cajal cell type revealed interdigitating cytoplasmic processes with occasional clusters of filopodia. Two tumors were subdivided as GANT. Five tumors of mixed-cell type were composed of a mixture of cells with variable myogenic features or variable neural differentiation. We confirmed in this study that immunohistochemical analysis reflected electron microscopic findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950050005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical implications of mRNA expression of KAI1 in ovarian cancer with or without metastasis (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 4 (1999), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words KAI1, Ovarian tumors ; PCR ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. KAI1 is a potential metastasis suppressor gene for prostate cancer. Decreased expression of KAI1 mRNA has been shown to be associated with the formation of metastasis and the progression of prostate, lung, breast, pancreatic, and bladder cancer. It has also been reported, however, that KAI1 expression is unchanged in metastatic and nonmetastatic esophageal and gastric cancer. We performed the present study to investigate the function of KAI1 in the progression and/or metastasis of ovarian cancer. Methods. We investigated the mRNA expression levels of the KAI1 gene, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in 29 ovarian tumors (1 adenoma, 2 low- malignant potential tumors, 9 adenocarcinomas without metastasis, and 17 adenocarcinomas with metastasis), seven ovarian cancer cell lines, and two normal ovaries. Using a thermal cycler, we found that the KAI1 gene was amplified in parallel with an internal control gene, β-Actin. The relative expression ratio (KAI1/β-Actin) as measured by densitometry was used to evaluate gene expression. Immunohistochemical localization of the KAI1 protein in ovarian cancer tissues was confirmed by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Results. The mRNA expression levels of KAI1 were consistent in normal ovary, ovarian tumor samples, and ovarian cancer cell lines. No statistically significant difference in the KAI1 mRNA expression level was found in ovarian cancer samples with or without metastasis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the KAI1 protein was expressed in the cell membranes of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions. Our results suggest that reductions in KAI1 mRNA expression are not involved in either the progression or metastasis of ovarian carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101470050082
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered intramuscular innervation and synapse formation in internal sphincter achalasia (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 192-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Keywords Internal anal sphincter achalasia ; Innervation ; PGP 9.5 ; Synapse ; Synapsin I ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Internal anal sphincter achalasia (IASA) is a condition with a clinical presentation similar to Hirschsprung's disease, but with the presence of ganglion cells on rectal biopsy. The diagnosis of IASA is made on anorectal manometry, which demonstrates the absence of a rectosphincteric reflux on rectal balloon inflation. In order to understand the nature of neuronal abnormalities in this condition, we performed immunohistochemistry using PGP 9.5 (a general neuronal marker) and synapsin I (a presynaptic marker) in IAS specimens from 10 patients with IASA and 8 normal controls. In the IAS of normal controls, there were many PGP 9.5 and synapsin I-positive nerve fibers. In IASA PGP 9.5-immunoreactive fibers were markedly reduced and synapsin I-positive fibers were either absent or markedly reduced. Our findings demonstrate that the IAS in achalasia patients has defective intramuscular innervation as well as defective innervation of the neuromuscular junction, thereby contributing to the motility dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050552
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of ladsin, a homolog of laminin-5, in normal adult human tissues: immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic studies (1999)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 32 (1999), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Basement membrane ; Ladsin ; Laminin-5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ladsin, a homolog of laminin-5, is a large cell-adhesive protein with potent cell-scattering activity. In the present study, we investigated, by immunohistochemistry, the distribution of ladsin in a wide range of normal adult human epithelial tissues along with that of integrin subunit α3 as a marker of integrin α3β1, which is the primary receptor of ladsin. Our results demonstrated that ladsin was localized in the basement membranes of almost all the epithelial tissues with coexisting integrin subunit α3 along the cell membranes, suggesting that their interaction is important in the maintenance of normal architecture and function of these membranes. Only cytoplasmic localization of ladsin was observed in the fundic glands, hepatocytes, renal tubuli, and acini of the mammary glands, and in these tissues, integrin subunit α3 was also localized in the cytoplasm. Both ladsin and integrin subunit α3 were absent in the acini of the pancreas, major salivary glands, and bronchial glands. These tissue- and cell type-specific localizations of ladsin and integrin subunit α3 likely reflect the differences in their role and function in each tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950050005
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carcinosarcoma of the liver with an osteosarcomatous component (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 4 (1999), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Carcinosarcoma ; Mesenchymal differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hepatectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with mesenchymal differentiation, which was identified as a true carcinosarcoma based on thorough pathologic examination. A 48-year-old man presented with a giant mass in the lateral segment of the liver. It was resected by lateral segmentectomy combined with total gastrectomy. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcomatous components. The undifferentiated sarcomatous components were positive for cytokeratin, whereas the osteosarcomatous components were negative for cytokeratin and positive for S100. To our knowledge, this is only the second known case in which mesenchymal differentiation was immunohistochemically demonstrated in liver carcinosarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101470050051
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular localization of CD44 correlates with cell proliferation and liver metastasis in colon cancer (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 4 (1999), S. 78-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words CD44 ; Colon cancer ; Liver metastasis ; Cellular localization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The functional heterogeneity of the cell adhesion molecule family CD44 is explained by differences in its activity, which is regulated by alterations in the distribution of its cellular localization. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the functional differences in cancer cells according to variations in the cellular localization of CD44. Methods. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 34 colon cancers (obtained from 17 patients with liver metastasis and 17 without liver metastasis) were investigated. These tumors were classified according to the predominant pattern of cellular localization of CD44 (the isoforms CD44H, CD44v6, and CD44v9). For each CD44 isoform, the functional differences were investigated for a correlation between localization patterns and Ki-67 labeling index (to indicate cell proliferative activity), and for a correlation between localization patterns and liver metastasis. Results. On staining for CD44H, tumors displayed three localization patterns. One pattern, in which CD44H was expressed on the basal or basolateral side of the plasma membrane in cancer cells, showed a higher Ki-67 labeling index than other localization patterns (P 〈 0.01), and a higher rate of the basolateral localization pattern was observed in patients with liver metastasis than in those without (P = 0.02). On staining for CD44v6 and CD44v9, tumors showed four and three localization patterns, respectively. No significant differences in localization patterns were found in analyses of the Ki-67 labeling index and liver metastasis for either CD44v6 or CD44v9. Conclusions. A functional correlate of CD44H localization patterns was detected. In particular, cancer cells in which CD44H was localized at the basal or basolateral membranes were closely associated with high proliferative activity and high liver metastatic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101470050031
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of α- and βA-subunits of inhibin/activin in human normal endocrine cells and related tumors of the digestive system (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Activin A ; Inhibin A ; Endocrine tumors ; Digestive system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Activin A and inhibin A, first isolated from the ovary, are dimeric proteins able to modulate pituitary FSH secretion. Inhibin A is a heterodimer composed of one α-subunit and one βA-subunit (α-βA), while activin A is a homodimer of the βA-subunit (βA-βA). Their identification in several tissues has suggested that they have numerous physiological functions, acting as either paracrine or autocrine factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of activin A and inhibin A in normal endocrine cells and in 70 endocrine tumours from different sites in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system, using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the α- and βA-subunits of inhibin/activin. Immunoreactivity for the βA-subunit, but not for the α-subunit, was observed in normal G, EC, and GIP cells of the antrum and duodenum, and in pancreatic A cells. βA-subunit expression was observed in G cell and A cell tumours, and in a few insulinomas and ileal EC cell carcinoids. The α-subunit was found in rare cells in 7 of the 70 tumours and was colocalized with the βA-subunit in only 1 tumor. Specific types of endocrine cells from the gut and pancreas appear to produce only activin A, a possible paracrine or autocrine modulator. Activin A is mainly produced by tumours derived from endocrine cells that normally express it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050301
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myoepithelial cells and basal lamina in poorly differentiated in situ duct carcinoma of the breast (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Ductal carcinoma in situ ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myoepithelial cells ; Basal lamina ; Smooth muscle actin ; Calponin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A retrospective study was made of 38 selected brest tumours with a poorly differentiated in situ duct component. These were classified on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; 10 cases), DCIS with invasion (17 cases) and DCIS with features suggestive of for stromal invasion (11 cases). The last were these lesions composed of neoplastic ducts with irregular outlines and a myoepithelial layer that was not clearly evident or large neoplastic ducts growing close together or surrounded by inflammatory desmoplastic stroma. Cases of DCIS involving areas of sclerosing adenosis were included in this category. Consecutive sections obtained from each case were studied with a panel of antibodies against myoepithelial cells (alpha smooth muscle actin and calponin) and basal lamina (BL) components (laminin and type IV collagen). It was found that in situ lesions showed well-formed basal lamina and/or an evident myoepithelial layer. These features were lacking in the invasive areas. Nine of the 11 cases with suggestive features of stromal invasion were reclassified as invasive duct carcinoma (5 cases)and DCIS (4 cases), according to the absence or presence of a continuous myoepithelial layer and/or basal lamina. In 2 such cases immunohistochemistry yielded equivocal results and the label ”suggestive of invasion” was therefore pertinent. Immunohistochemistry facilitates the diagnosis of breast DCIS; myoepithelial and basal lamina markers are useful in differentiating microinvasive from in situ ductal carcinomas of the breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050332
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic granulomatous arteritis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic granulomatous arteritis ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 61-year-old woman initially presented with symptoms and findings reminiscent of infectious mononucleosis, and her illness then took a rapidly fatal course. Autopsy revealed widespread granulomatous arteritis, with multinucleated giant cells but without eosinophils and fibrinoid necrosis, affecting small arteries and arterioles and infiltration of haemophagocytic histiocytes into many organs. In situ hybridization with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific oligonucleotide probes showed positive signals in the infiltrating immune cells and epithelial and endothelial cells of the affected organs. EBV-associated haemophagocytic syndrome (EBV-AHS) with systemic granulomatous arteritis was diagnosed. From the immunophenotypes of the infiltrating immune cells, a possible role of CD4+ T-cells in the pathogenesis of this haemophagocytic syndrome and granulomatous vasculitis was suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050336
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autonomic nerve tumour with skeinoid fibres: ultrastructure of skeinoid fibres examined by quick-freezing and deep-etching method (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Autonomic nerve tumour ; Small intestine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quick-freezing ; Deep-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumour with skeinoid fibres (SFs) of the jejunum in a 79-year-old Japanese man, was examined by the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method. The tumour consisted of spindle cells with immunohistochemical reactions for vimentin, NSE and CD34. Electron microscopically, features of the neural cells of the myenteric plexus were observed. The QF-DE method demonstrated intercellular meshwork structures, consisting of thin filaments (7–15 nm), with granular deposits. Fully developed parts of the deposits formed nodular aggregates composed of irregularly surfaced thick fibrils (30–48 nm) with a tendency to linear arrangement (SFs). We detected many interconnecting thin filaments (ICTFs) between the SFs, which were pre-existing components in the meshwork, avoiding the granular deposits. The focal thickening formed by the connection between SFs and ICTFs revealed a periodicity typical of SFs (33–45 nm). We conclude that SFs are formed by decoration of the granular deposits along pre-existing intercellular meshwork structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050340
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-grade carcinoma component in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and flow-cytometric study of three cases (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry ; Flow cytometry ; MIB-1 (Ki 67) ; Proliferative markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Three cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) with coexisting areas of high grade carcinoma are reported. In two of the cases there was a previous recurrence, and in all three patients there had been a sudden increase in size before final surgery. The typical ductal and myoepithelial components of EMC showed the usual biphasic pattern and the expected immunophenotypes, with expression of wide spectrum cytokeratins, Cam 5.2 and EMA in the ductal part, and muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein, vimentin and cytokeratins in the myoepithelial component. These areas also had a low mitotic count and low proliferation rate as measured by immunohistochemistry and by flow cytometry. Conversely, areas of high-grade tumour had the features of a large cell carcinoma, with focal mucin secretion in two cases. This high-grade component showed an epithelial immunophenotype in two cases, and was negative for all tested markers in the third one. The mitotic counts and the proliferation rates were much higher in these anaplastic areas. One of the patients died 3 months after treatment; another developed lymph node metastases 1 year later and was alive after 6 years of follow-up. The third patient was alive without evidence of disease 7 months after wide surgical resection of the tumour. The possibility of anaplastic transformation in EMC makes thorough sampling mandatory in this type of neoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050344
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of Bcl-2 and Bax regulates apoptosis in biliary epithelial cells of rats with obstructive jaundice (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Programmed cell death ; Ductular proliferation ; Biliary decompression ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A complex molecular network controls cell homeostasis by inducing apoptosis or proliferation. The balance of Bcl-2 and Bax, members of a protein family, determines whether a cell will become immortal (Bcl-2) or will undergo apoptosis (Bax). To determine the role of Bcl-2 and Bax during proliferation of biliary epithelial cells (BEC) after bile duct ligation (BDL) and their regression after biliary decompression we induced hyperplasia of BEC by BDL in male rats. Regression of hyperplastic BEC by way of apoptosis was induced by biliary decompression through a Roux-en-Y biliodigestive anastomosis. To quantify apoptosis a modified TUNEL assay was used. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was visualized by immunohistochemistry and quantified stereologically. BEC increased from 〈1% to 〉20% after BDL; this increase was associated with overexpression of Bcl-2 in up to 30% of hyperplastic BEC. After biliodigestive anastomosis, apoptotic BEC increased from 〈0.1% to a peak of 5.4% after 1 day to reach baseline again 1 week after decompression. This was associated with de novo appearance of Bax. The interaction between Bcl-2 and Bax triggers apoptosis in BEC and acts as a cell rheostat in BEC hyperplasia and its involution after biliary decompression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050349
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of cytochrome P450 2C and 3A in human non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 401-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Human ; Cytochrome P450 2C ; Cytochrome P450 3A ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Organ and cellular distribution and expression constancy of microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C and 3A in humans were studied with new polyclonal antibodies to CYP2C (MP-1) and 3A (NF-2) active in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Antibodies were raised against purified human CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. On western blotting, MP-1 reacted with 2C8, 2C9, 2C18 and 2C19, and NF-2 with 3A4. In both frozen and paraffin sections, hepatocytes showed diffuse immunoreactivity with MP-1 and centrilobular staining with NF-2. Inparaffin sections of 40 kinds of nonneoplastic tissues, epithelium of the small and large intestine, bile duct, nasal mucosa, kidney and adrenal cortex stained positively with both MP-1 and NF-2 antibodies. Epithelium of gastric fundic glands, salivary glands, tracheobronchial glands, Brunner’s glands, the prostate, uterine cervix and nasopharynx showed definite reactivity with MP-1. Epithelium of the gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, duodenum, gallbladder and intercalated ducts of the pancreas and chief cells of the parathyroid and the corpus luteum of the ovary reacted with NF-2. Among the neoplastic tissues, MP-1 reacted with pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland and carcinomas of six different organs, and NF-2 with those of 7 different organs. These results indicate that CYP2C and CYP3A are distributed widely and organ specifically, as well as being variably expressed in neoplastic and normal states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050359
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intimal-type primary sarcoma of the aorta (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Aorta ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an intimal sarcoma presenting as an aortic aneurysm. A 68-year-old man suffered from chest pain and speech disturbance. Computed tomography showed a sacciform aneurysm of the aorta, which was resected, revealing a polypoid tumour measuring 1.5×2×2.5 cm projecting into the lumen. This proved to be a poorly differentiated high-grade sarcoma having morphological, immunophenotypic and ultrastructural features consistent with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Primary sarcomas of the aorta are extremely rare. Many cases have been diagnosed as ”intimal” on the basis of their site of origin, and they are not easy to classify from their histological pattern. Electron microscopy and the use of a more comprehensive panel of immunohistochemical markers should be applied in the histological classification of ”intimal” sarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050396
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands in three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Salivary gland ; Pleomorphic adenoma ; Collagen ; Cell culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The morphogenesis of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma was examined in vitro using three-dimensional (3-D) collagen gel culture. Pleomorphic adenoma cells were isolated from three parotid gland tumours and cultured as monolayers, after which they were subcultured in floating-collagen gel sandwiches. Cells cultured in both conditions were immunohistochemically characterized and compared using antibodies against various proteins representative of each histological component of salivary glands. Monolayers had myoepithelial characteristics, being positive for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. In collagen gels, however, the cells assembled in epithelial nests, showing an architecture similar to that of pleomorphic adenoma. The nests were composed of duct-lining epithelial cells that were positive for epithelial markers, surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Collagen gel culture induces multi-directional differentiation of adenoma cells, suggesting that pleomorphic adenomas originate from stem or reserve cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050317
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable expression of heparan sulfate epitopes in crescents of human glomerulonephritis (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Carbohydrates ; N-Sulfation ; O-Sulfation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Crescentic glomerulonephritis leads to a rapid loss of renal function. Although glomerular crescents are rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), the composition and genesis of the ECM are incompletely understood. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a major ECM molecule and has polymeric structure of great variability. Recent findings that alterations in HS epitopes are associated with renal pathology prompted us to hypothesize that specific HS epitopes might be expressed in the evolution of crescents. We reviewed clinical records of 724 patients who underwent renal biopsy and found 21 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against well-defined HS epitopes. One mAb was directed against unsaturated uronic acid residues generated during the selective removal of HS by heparitinase (a), and a further two different mAbs against N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-poor portions of HS (b). Results showed that mAb (a) reacted to ECM of normal, sclerosed and crescentic glomeruli and that mAbs (b) reacted strongly to ECM of fibrocellular crescents but not to fibrous crescents, the periglomerular areas and noncrescentic intraglomerular areas. We concluded there are regional differences in HS epitope expression, although HS are ubiquitous components of glomerular ECM. N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-poor portions of HS might play a role in crescent formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050318
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the prognostic significance of cyclin B1 overexpression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Cyclin B1 ; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recent studies have identified a family of proteins referred to as cyclins, which control the cell cycle. Cyclin B1 activates cdc2, which regulates cell progression through the G2 and M phases. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the cyclin B1 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and clinicopathological factors and prognosis of the patients. Eighty-seven cases of primary human SCC consecutively obtained at esophagectomy were immunohistochemically studied using an anti-human cyclin B1 protein antibody (2H1-H6). The relationship between cyclin B1 expression and clinicopathological factors, including prognosis, were also statistically assessed. Positive immunostaining of cancer cells, mainly in the cytoplasm, was detected in 72.4% (63/87): heterogeneous pattern in 37.9 % (33/87) and homogeneous pattern in 34.5% (30/87). The prevalence of cyclin B1 expression was significantly higher in cases with invasion deeper than the muscularis propria (P〈0.005) and with venous invasion (P〈0.01) than in other cases. Patients whose SCCs expressed high levels of cyclin B1 protein had a significantly poorer prognosis than did the other patients (P〈0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that cyclin B1 status was an important factor affecting survival (P〈0.05). These findings demonstrated that overexpression of cyclin B1 protein is associated with tumor behavior and prognosis for patients with human esophageal SCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050319
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of p53 nuclear protein in premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. S56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words p53 nuclear marker ; Laryngeal ; hyperkeratosis ; Laryngeal carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the role of p53 nuclear protein mutations in the initiation and progression of laryngeal carcinoma, 111 premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions (19 specimens with hyperkeratosis and 92 with carcinoma) were studied immunohistochemically. Overexpression of p53 was observed in 8 cases (42%) of laryngeal hyperkeratosis and 44 cases (47%) of laryngeal carcinoma. However, the expression of p53 showed no relationship to patients’ clinical courses. Our study confirms that p53 overexpression can be found in laryngeal carcinogenesis and is an early event but not a useful prognostic marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014155
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular localization of cyclo-oxygenase isozymes in Crohn’s disease and colorectal cancer (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 14 (1999), S. 212-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Cyclo-oxygenase ; Colon carcinogenesis ; Crohn’s disease ; Familiar adenomatous polyposis coli ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Deregulation of cyclo-oxygenase isozyme expression has been shown to be a consistent feature of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer in humans. This study investigated the cellular localization of aberrant cyclo-oxygenase expression in normal and diseased colon. Biopsies of seven normal colonic tissues, eight tissue samples from patients suffering from Crohn’s disease, five polyps from patients with familiar adenomatous polyposis coli, and ten sporadic adenocarcinomas were analyzed using isozyme-selective immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Cyclo-oxygenase-1 expression was demonstrated in normal human colon, Crohn’s disease, and colorectal tumors. In normal colon and also in adenomatous polyps, cyclo-oxygenase-1 specific immunosignals were localized to epithelial cells of the upper part of the crypts and endocrine cells of the lower part. In Crohn’s disease cyclo-oxygenase-1 expression was restricted to cells of the inflammatory infiltrate. While barely detectable in normal colon, cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein was strongly increased in epithelial cells located in the uppermost part of the crypts, in surface epithelial cells, and in mononuclear cells of the lamina propria of Crohn’s disease. The constitutive overexpression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein observed in the majority of the adenomatous polyps and all adenocarcinomas was attributed to both epithelial and interstitial cells in that the latter predominated in adenomas, and epithelial cells were the prevailing cyclo-oxygenase-2 expressing cell type in adenocarcinomas. In conclusion, both autocrine and paracrine effects of aberrant cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression may contribute to the development of Crohn’s disease and colonic tumor development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050213
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prognostic significance of tumor vascularization in patients with localized colorectal cancer (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 14 (1999), S. 272-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words  Colorectal cancer ; Angiogenesis ; Vessel density ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, and vascular density is known as an independent prognostic factor in several tumor entities. We studied the prognostic relevance of vascular density in colorectal cancer, examining 146 patients treated surgically for cure. Tumor sections were immunostained with JC70, an endothelial cell marker. Microvessel quantification used light microscopy. The slides were scanned at a low magnification, and individual microvessel counts were made on a ×200 field in the area of the most dense neovascularization. Vascular density was found to be 75±27/visual field and to be independent of age, sex, pT and pN categories, tumor recurrence, and overall survival. Overall survival in the subgroup of patients with tumor recurrence was significantly shorter with tumors of greater vessel density (〉75) than in those of less vessel density (〈75). Multivariate analysis showed microvessel count to be an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival rate of patients with tumor recurrence; among these patients there was also a significant difference in the relapse-free survival rates between the hypovascular and the hypervascular groups. Our findings suggest that the microvessel density of the primary tumor determines the speed of tumor recurrence after metastatic disease has been triggered by other, unknown mechanisms. Although tumor vascularization can be linked to the aggressiveness of colorectal cancer, it has no value as a new prognostic marker in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050227
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vessel size-dependent expression of intermediate-sized filaments, calponin, and h-caldesmon in smooth muscle cells of human coronary arteries (1999)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 14 (1999), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Smooth muscle cell ; Heterogeneity ; Coronary artery ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The arterial media is composed of a heterogeneous population of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Recently, the properties of SMCs were observed to be heterogeneous not only among individual cells but also among arteries of the same vascular bed. To test the hypothesis that a site-specific heterogeneity exists in the SMCs of human coronary arteries, we examined the expression of desmin, vimentin, calponin, and high-molecular-weight (h-) caldesmon in arteries of various sizes. Specimens of arteries were obtained at autopsy from 12 patients: 6 adults (67 ± 4 years old); 3 younger adults (26 ± 2 years old); and 3 neonates. The size of the arteries was estimated by the number of SMC layers of the media. The expression was compared in SMCs of large arteries (〉10 layers in adults, 〉5 layers in neonates), medium-sized arteries (5–10 layers in adults, 3–5 SMC layers in neonates), and small arteries (〈3 layers). In adults, the percentage of arteries positive for desmin was lower in the small (17% ± 3%) and medium-sized arteries (44% ± 12%) than in the large arteries (94% ± 6%) (P 〈 0.01). The percentage of arteries positive for calponin was also lower in the small (18% ± 2%) and medium-sized arteries (66% ± 5%) than in the large arteries (100%) (P 〈 0.01). The percentage for vimentin and h-caldesmon did not differ among large, medium-sized, and small arteries. These observations in adults were similar to those in younger adults or neonates. The phenotypes of medial SMCs are vessel sizedependent in human coronary arteries. This finding should be important for understanding the site-specific characteristics of vascular function in the regulation of myocardial perfusion or those of vascular responses to environmental changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01747855
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological investigation of sentinel lymph nodes (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 26 (1999), S. S43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Sentinel lymph node ; Frozen section ; Imprint cytology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The sentinel lymph-node procedure enables selective targeting of the first draining lymph node, where the initial metastases will form. A negative sentinel node (SN) predicts the absence of tumour metastases in the other regional lymph nodes with high accuracy. This means that in the case of a negative SN, regional lymph-node dissection is no longer necessary. Besides saving costs, this will prevent many side-effects as a result of lymph-node dissection. The task of the pathologist is to screen SNs for metastases. To this end, several techniques are available such as standard histo- and cytopathological techniques, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular biological techniques. These methods are explained and their sensitivity for detecting SN metastases is discussed. Some of these techniques also appear to be useful for intra-operative evaluation of SNs. The standard protocol for detection of SN metastases consists of extensive histopathological investigation including step H&E stained sections and immunohistochemistry. Intra-operative frozen-section analysis of SNs has been shown to be reliable for breast-cancer axillary lymph nodes. In the intra-operative setting, imprint cytology can also be used but its additional value to frozen section analysis is not yet clear. Further studies are necessary to establish the role of sophisticated molecular biological techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in detecting SN metastases. The sensitivity of flow cytometry is too low for this purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050577
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of melanocyte density in adult human skin (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Melanocyte ; Naevus ; Melanoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of melanocytes in human skin has been observed to vary within and among individuals, yet little is known of the factors that determine the density of these pigment cells. These factors were explored in a molecular epidemiological study conducted among a population-based sample of 97 male subjects aged over 50 years in Queensland, Australia. Information relating to environmental and phenotypic factors was collected through face-to-face interviews and physical examination of all participants. In addition, 2-mm biopsies of representative skin were taken from the dorsum of the hand and another anatomical site. Melanocytes were identified by cytoplasmic staining with the B8G3 (anti-TRP1) monoclonal antibody using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Melanocyte counts were performed blind by two observers. On crude analysis, melanocyte density decreased with advancing age (P = 0.0002), and increased with increasing number of naevi (P = 0.01). Other pigmentary characteristics (such as hair and eye colour and depth of tan) were not associated with epidermal melanocyte density. Melanocyte density varied significantly by anatomical site (P = 0.02), with highest densities observed on the back/shoulders (n = 50, 17.1 ± 8.8 cells/mm, mean ± SD) followed by the upper limbs (n = 11, 12.6 ± 8.8 cells/mm) and lower limbs (n = 14, 14.4 ± 5.9 cells/mm). Lowest melanocyte densities were recorded on the anterior trunk (n = 3, 3.2 ± 2.4 cells/mm). These findings confirm the results of earlier studies in which site-specific differences in melanocyte density have been found. We speculate that the unequal distribution of melanocytes may partially explain the site-specific incidence of melanoma, offering fresh perspectives on the aetiology of this cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050446
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of some cytoskeletal proteins in hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cytoskeletal proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myofibrillar myopathy ; Hereditary myopathy ; Holstein-Friesian cattle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the expression, using immunohistochemical and Western blot methods, of some cytoskeletal proteins including desmin, vimentin, actin, α-actinin, and ubiquitin in hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle (the histochemical and electron microscopical aspects have been previously reported). Immunohistochemically, the expression of desmin was observed strongly in the subsarcolemmal regions, but was lacking or faint in the area corresponding to the core-like structures. Vimentin showed almost the same localization as desmin, but no activity could be observed in the core-like structures. In addition, the core-like structures showed strong immunoreactivity for actin and ubiquitin, but no immunoreactivity for α-actinin. F-actin stained with phalloidin-tetramethyl-rhodamine was strongly positive in irregular spots that corresponded to the core-like structures, but was negative for desmin-positive regions. Western blot analysis of the diseased muscles revealed a significant increase in the amount of desmin and vimentin immunoreactivities and similar amounts of actin and α-actinin compared with the control muscles. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed no isoforms of desmin, suggesting the absence of abnormal phosphorylated forms of desmin. Since the co-localization of desmin and vimentin and the absence of phosphorylated desmin suggest that the overexpression of desmin may be reflected in the reactive change or regenerating process, the present myopathy should be regarded as an entity separate from desmin-storage myopathy or desmin-related myopathies. We also discuss the possibility that the present myopathy could be considered as myofibrillar myopathy, a recently proposed nosological entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050971
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human cerebral infarcts (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral ischemia ; Inflammation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nitrotyrosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inducible or “immunological” isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced in many cell types by inflammatory stimuli and synthesizes toxic amounts of NO. In rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia, iNOS is expressed in neutrophils invading the injured brain and in local blood vessels. Studies with iNOS inhibitors and iNOS null mice indicate that NO produced by iNOS contributes to ischemic brain injury. In the present study, we sought to determine whether iNOS is also expressed in the human brain after ischemic stroke. Studies were conducted using immunohistochemistry on autopsy brains with neuropathological evidence of acute cerebral infarction. iNOS immunoreactivity was observed in neutrophils infiltrating the ischemic brain and in blood vessels within the ischemic territory. iNOS-positive cells also were immunoreactive for nitrotyrosine, reflecting protein nitration by NO-derived peroxynitrite and nitrites. iNOS or nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was not detected outside the region of the infarct. These observations provide evidence that iNOS is expressed in the human brain after ischemic infarction and support the hypothesis that iNOS inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of ischemic stroke in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050977
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nebulin is normally expressed in nemaline myopathy (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 433-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Congenital nemaline myopathy ; Nebulin ; α-Actinin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the nebulin gene is located in the candidate gene locus of autosomal recessive nemaline myopathy, 2q21.2–q22, we examined five muscle biopsy specimens with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against nebulin in combination with the modified Gomori trichrome stain. We were able to demonstrate immunohistochemically that there was no abnormality in nebulin in the muscle fibers both with and without nemaline bodies. Although the molecular weight of nebulin was normal, it was slightly reduced in amount on immunoblotting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051011
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in serotonergic neurons in the brain of pyrithiamine-induced acute thiamine-deficient mice (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 614-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin ; Thiamine deficiency ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vulnerability ; Degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined changes in 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT, serotonin) neurons in pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency in mice immunohistochemically. Extensive decreases in the densities of 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers were detected in the lateral septal nucleus, the thalamus, the medial mammillary nucleus, the dorsal and the median raphe nuclei, the raphe obscurus nucleus, the tegmental area, the cerebellum and the vestibular nucleus, though only a small decrease was detected in the inferior colliculus. Most remarkably, degenerative winding fibers were detected between the deep mesencephalic nucleus and the ventral tegmental area. Increases in intensity of 5-HT immunoreactivity in the dorsal raphe nucleus and decreases in the number of 5-HT-immunoreactive cell bodies in the dorsal and the median raphe nuclei were detected. These results demonstrated the differential vulnerability of 5-HT neurons in thiamine-deficient mice. This is the first report to demonstrate changes in 5-HT neurons immunohistochemically throughout the brain of pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficient mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051126
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Loss of immunohistochemical E-cadherin expression in colon cancer is not due to structural gene alterations (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words E-cadherin ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  E-cadherin, a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule, has been observed to have an altered pattern of immunoreactivity in several types of carcinomas. In lobular breast cancer, loss of immunoreactivity has been shown to be due either to out-of-frame deletions or to nonsense mutations of the E-cadherin gene. We analysed 29 cases of completely resected colon carcinoma with immunohistochemistry using the HEC-D1 antibody. Normal protein expression similar to that in the adjacent nonmalignant mucosa was seen in 6 cases, whereas 23 tumours had reduced or absent E-cadherin expression. In the 8 cases with no expression of E-cadherin revealed by immunohistochemistry, the entire E-cadherin cDNA sequence was analysed. In these cases, sequence analysis failed to reveal any cDNA mutations despite the negative immunohistochemistry. Possible explanations for this discrepancy include regulatory defects in the E-cadherin promoter, abnormalities at the translation or protein processing levels and mutations in other parts of the gene that were not investigated by the cDNA analysis (e.g. intronic sequences), which could play a role in causing abnormal processing of the E-cadherin protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050373
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrovascular involvement in systemic AA and AL amyloidosis: a clear haematogenic pattern (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 551-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic amyloidosis ; Brain ; Circumventricular organs ; Choroid plexus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aβ colocalization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Amyloid deposits in cerebral vessels are common in β-amyloid diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, congophilic amyloid angiopathy, Down’s syndrome and hereditary cerebral amyloidosis with haemorrhage of the Dutch type). We report of 20 autopsies on patients who had died with systemic amyloidosis of the AA, Aλ and Aκ types: the brains were examined for the occurrence of amyloid. Vascular amyloid was detected in choroid plexus (in 17 of 20 cases), infundibulum (5 of 8), area postrema (6 of 11), pineal body (3 of 7) and subfornical organ (2 of 3), but not in cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. Immunohistochemical classification of the cerebral amyloid and the systemic amyloid syndrome showed identity proving the same origin of both. The distribution is indicative of a haematogenic pattern of amyloid deposition in systemic amyloidosis and is different from that in Alzheimer’s, prion, ATTR and cystatin C diseases. It corresponds to areas of the brain with a ”leaky” blood–brain barrier. Additionally, all the cases with AA amyloidosis exhibited an Aβ coreactivity in choroid plexus vessels. In one exceptional case, Aβ reactivity of AA amyloid also occurred outside of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050383
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  • 37
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    Pathologie der Rhabdo- myosarkome des Kindes- und Adoleszentenalters Ein Bericht des Kindertumorregisters bei der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rhadomyosarkom ; Klassifizierung ; Immunhistochemie ; Genetik ; Prognose ; Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Classification ; Immunohistochemistry ; Genetics ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most important and a very heterogeneous group of malignant soft tissue tumors of childhood and adolescence.The two major subtypes (embryonal and alveolar) share a common myogenic differentiation, but seem to be histogenetically not related. The so-called ’International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma’ includes, besides the two major subtypes, the botryoid and leiomyomatous subtypes of embryonal RMS which are associated with a better prognosis and are treated less aggressively according to current protocols. In addition, the solid variant of alveolar RMS is included in the alveolar group of RMS. The identification of the various subtypes is necessary and important because the treatment with the current protocols is also related to histology. Using conventional stains and immunohistochemistry, these subtypes are distinguishable. Genetic analysis can be helpful in the demonstration of t(2;13) or t(1;13) translocations in alveolar RMS. The identification of alveolar RMS with t(1;13) translocation might become important in the future, because this type of translocation seems to be related to a better prognosis as compared to tumors with a t(2;13) translocation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Rhabdomyosarkome stellen eine heterogene Gruppe von ganz verschiedenartigen, histogenetisch wohl nicht zusammengehörenden Tumoren dar. Nach der heute verwendeten „Internationalen Klassifikation” der Rhabdomyosarkome werden neben der Unterteilung in embryonalen und alveoläre Rhabdomyossarkome auch Subtypen des embryonalen RMS identifiziert (botryoider und leiomyomatöser Subtyp), die durch eine günstigere Prognose und durch die Notwendigkeit einer weniger aggressive Therapie gekennzeichnet sind. Durch Einsatz von verschiedenen histologischen und immunhistochemischen Färbungen ist die Identifizierung der verschiedenen Typen der RMS heute möglich und auch zwingend notwendig, da die einzelnen Entitäten nach ganz unterschiedlichen Therapieprotokollen behandelt werden. Der Nachweis typischer molekulargenetischer Veränderungen kann in der Unterscheidung insbesondere von embryonalen und alveolären RMS hilfreich sein. In der Regel ist die Abgrenzung zwischen diesen beiden Entitäten auch an konventionell gefärbten Schnittpräparaten möglich. Die Identifizierung von alveolären RMS mit einer t(1;13)-Translokation könnte in Zukunft eine große Bedeutung haben, da diese genetische Veränderung möglicherweise mit einer günstigeren Prognose assoziert sein könnte als die t(2;13)-Translokation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050326
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  • 38
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    Pleomorphes Adenom (Mischtumor) des äußeren Gehörgangs Zur Differentialdiagnose der Tumoren der Zeruminaldrüsen (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pleomorphes Adenom ; Äußerer Gehörgang ; Zeruminom ; Differentialdiagnose ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Pleomorphic adenomas ; Meatus acusticus externus ; Ceruminoma ; Differential diagnosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A tumor was removed from the right external auditory canal of a 69-year old female patient. The histopathological and immunhistochemical evaluation revealed a pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor). The differential diagnosis of the tumors derived from the ceruminal glands, their clinical and prognostic implications as well as the histogenesis of pleomorphic adenomas in this localization are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 69jährigen Patientin wurde aus dem rechtsseitigen äußeren Gehörgang ein Tumorknoten exstirpiert. Die histopathologische und immunhistochemische Untersuchung ergab ein pleomorphes Adenom (Mischtumor). Die Differentialdiagostik der von den Zeruminaldrüsen abgeleiteten Tumoren, deren klinisch-prognostische Konsequenz sowie die Histogenese der pleomorphen Adenome in dieser besonderen Lokalisation werden erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050331
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Clinical significance of nm23 expression in renal cell carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Urological research 27 (1999), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key wordsnm23 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Renal cell carcinoma ; Flow cytometry ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In many tumors an expression of nm23 gene products is associated with a lower metastatic potential. The aim was to evaluate whether nm23 gene expression in renal cell carcinoma was associated with clinicopathological findings and survival. In 41 patients, the expression of nm23 protein was analyzed in tumor and corresponding kidney cortex tissue by immunohistochemical analysis using a monoclonal nm23-H1 antibody. In all kidney cortex samples intense nm23 staining was found. Of 41 tumors, 15 had high, 12 intermediate, 5 low nm23 expression whereas 9 tumors showed none. There were no differences in nm23 staining between different stages, grades or size of tumor. No correlation between survival and nm23 expression was observed. However, diploid tumors had significantly less nm23 staining compared with aneuploid tumors, indicating that nm23 gene inactivation might be a favorable sign. The expression of nm23 gene products seems not to be correlated to tumor progression and metastatic ability in renal cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050095
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in human prostate tissue and prostate cancer (1999)
    Springer
    Urological research 27 (1999), S. 362-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Galectin-1 ; Galectin-3 ; Human prostate ; cancer ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Galectin-1 and galectin-3, two β-galactoside-binding proteins, have been suggested to play a role in the development and progression of cancer. We have studied the expression of these molecules in normal human prostate tissue and prostate adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of seven normal human prostates, eight cases of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 20 primary adenocarcinomas of the prostate, and 12 prostate cancer metastases. Galectin-1 was expressed in most cases of all four histologic types. In contrast, galectin-3 expression was significantly decreased in primary carcinoma and metastatic disease compared with normal and premalignant tissue. Galectin-3 expression in primary tumors tended to be less than that of surrounding normal glands. We conclude that loss of galectin-3 expression may be associated with the progression of prostate cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050164
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  • 41
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    Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocytic infiltration in the tumor microenvironment in patients operated on for laryngeal cancer (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. 384-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Laryngeal cancer ; Tumor ; microenvironment ; Immunohistochemistry ; CD lymphocyte ; Infiltration intensity ; Prognostic value ; Lymph node metastases ; Survival time ; Differentiation grade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate semiquantitative and qualitative analysis of lymphocytic infiltrations in a neoplasm microenvironment in patients with laryngeal cancers and the correlation analysis between the intensitivity degree and composition of lymphocytic infiltration in foreseeing a survival time and probability of the appearance of lymph node metastases. Postoperative specimens from 43 patients (Upper Silesia region) operated on for laryngeal cancer in the 2nd ENT Department, Silesian Medical University in Zabrze between 1985 and 1995 all had unfavorable courses due to tumor recurrences. The patients’ ages ranged from 39 to 79 years (mean 57 years). Tissue specimens were subjected to routine processing. The degree of pathological changes was ascertained and immunohistochemical preparations of laryngeal tissue were prepared according to generally accepted methods. The following primary monoclonal antibodies were used: CD 3, CD 20, CD 43, CD 45 RO, CD 56. The distribution analysis of the intensity of the phenotype CD 43 evaluated the lymphocytic infiltration in relation to differentiation of the whole study group. The intensity of CD 43 cell infiltration increased in the group of patients with lymph node metastases. In patients with stage IV disease, a relationship was found between survival time and intensity of cell infiltrations with CD 43 and CD 45 RO lymphocytes. The influence of these two lymphocyte phenotypes in the patient subgroups – one after total laryngectomy with confirmed lymph node metastases and the other group without lymph node metastases – showed their prognostic value. Our analysis of lymphocytic infiltration, mostly of CD 43 cells, in the neoplasm microenvironment indicated a prognostic value for determining a shorter survival time and the possibility of lymph node metastases in patients with recurrences of cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050169
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  • 42
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    Solitary fibrous tumor of the paranasal sinuses (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Solitary fibrous tumor ; Paranasal sinuses ; Immunohistochemistry ; CD34 antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although solitary fibrous tumors are well-recognized in the pleura, their occurrence in the paranasal sinuses is decidedly uncommon. We have encountered two cases of solitary fibrous tumors in the paranasal sinuses and report the clinicopathological findings including CD34 immunoreactivity. One tumor arose in a 55-year-old Japanese businessman and the other in a 53-year-old man who had been in the hospital for schizophrenia for 20 years. The tumors showed characteristic findings. Immunoperoxidase stains on paraffin sections showed staining of the cells for anti-vimentin, but there was no staining for anti-keratin, anti-S-100 protein, anti-desmin, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or anti-actin. Anti-CD34 monoclonal antibodies also reacted with these tumors, as those of the pleura generally do, and were found to be useful in diagnosing these tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050148
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    In situ demonstration of parathyroid hormone-related protein mRNA in sclerosing hepatic carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Sclerosing hepatic carcinoma ; Hypercalcaemia ; Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 69-year-old man had a hepatic tumour occupying the left and half of the right lobe, with portal vein thrombus. There were hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia with increased nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate; bone metastases were excluded. Serum parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was elevated, but no increase in intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) or vitamin D3 metabolites was found. At autopsy the histological features were typical of sclerosing hepatic carcinoma. By immunohistochemistry PTHrP was detected in cancer cell nests but not in the fibrous stroma. PTHrP transcripts were demonstrated by in situ hybridization using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-derived single-stranded DNA probe. Tumour cells expressed AE1 and CA19-9 (markers for cholangioepithelium) and CEA (for bile canaliculi). Electron microscopy revealed microvilli on the apical surface, and secretory granules 100 nm in diameter were observed. These findings indicate that this case is one of cholangiocellular sclerosing hepatic carcinoma. The interaction between cancer and stromal cells may be the cause of PTHrP overexpression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050411
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  • 44
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    Mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: an autopsy case with a 24-year survival period (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 606-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma ; Pancreas ; Gastrinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an autopsy case of mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A 38-year-old Japanese male was found to have Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and pancreatic gastrinoma, and gastrectomy and resection of the pancreatic tumor were performed. However, hypergastrinemia persisted, and the patient died of disseminated carcinomatosis at 62 years of age, 24 years after the onset of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. At autopsy, the main tumor was present in the residual pancreas, and metastases were noted in many organs. In the pancreas and other organs, ductal and endocrine carcinoma areas were mixed and there was a gradual transition between the two. No acinar differentiation was noted. The ductal elements were positive for mucins and carcinoembryonic antigen but negative for neuroendocrine markers, while endocrine elements were positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin and to a lesser extent for gastrin, but negative for mucins and carcinoembryonic antigen. The ductal elements comprised about 30% of the tumor cells, and endocrine elements 70%. According to the revised World Health Organization classification, our case was diagnosed as mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma. Our case is rare because the tumor manifested as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and the patient survived for 24 years. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been reported. Our case suggests that pancreatic endocrine tumors may evolve into mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050447
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of oncocytes in nongonadotrophic pituitary adenomas (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 428-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary adenomas ; Growth hormone- producing adenomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mitochondria ; Oncocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  An immunohistochemical study to demonstrate oncocytes in nongonadotrophic pituitary adenomas was performed. The adenomas were 10 prolactinomas, 2 ACTH-producing adenomas (ACTHomas), and 28 growth hormone-producing adenomas (GHomas); we also studied 5 pituitary oncocytomas. GHomas were divided into two groups: GHomas with (GHomas-1) and without (GHomas-2) fibrous bodies. A small number of solitary large cells showed intense cytoplasmic granular reactivity for mitochondrial protein and cytochrome oxidase, resembling oncocytes in oncocytomas. The proportions of the mitochondrial protein-positive cells ranged from zero to 2.1% (0.3±0.4%). They were more frequent in GHomas, GHomas-1 in particular, than other types of adenomas (P〈0.01), and were mostly negative in prolactinomas and ACTHomas. In multivariate analysis, the proportions showed positive correlation with age (P〈0.01) and the Ki-67 (MIB-1) labeling index (P〈0.01) and tended to increase in number with recurrence (P〈0.05). In GHomas, these cells were more common in cases with low basal GH level (P〈0.01) and large tumor volume (P〈0.01). We consider that these cells represent oncocytes existing in varying numbers in adenomas. We suggest that oncocytic change in nongonadotrophic adenomas indicates poor differentiation and/or some aggressiveness, which lead to a decrease in the endocrine activity of the tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050421
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    p21 Expression in colorectal carcinomas: a study on 103 cases with analysis of p53 gene mutation/expression and clinic-pathological correlations (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 559-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words p21 ; p53 ; Colon ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The WAF1/CIP1 gene product, p21, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, is a critical downstream effector in the p53 pathway. The expression of p21 in human neoplasms is heterogeneous, and may be related to p53 functional status. We evaluated p21 immunoreactivity in 103 colorectal carcinomas (CC) in relation to the p53 gene and protein alterations and clinico-pathologic parameters. High p21 expression (more than 10% reactive cells) was seen in 39% of cases. p21 staining was heterogeneous and often detected in clusters of tumour cells; in some tumours p21 staining was more pronounced in superficial areas. No relation was seen between p21 immunoreactivity and site of the tumours (right vs left), TNM stage and grade. p21 expression was related to p53 status as evaluated with IHC or with SSCP analyses, low p21 expression usually being associated with p53 protein overexpression (P=0.048) and p53 gene alteration (P=0.005). The strongest associations were seen when the combined p53/p21 immunophenotype was compared with p53 gene alterations (P=0.0002). These data support the hypothesis that p21 expression in CC is mainly related to p53 functional status, suggesting that p21 expression could be an interesting adjunct in the evaluation of the functional status of the p53 pathway in CC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050441
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalisation studies of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2 and -3 in human melanoma (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 574-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Melanoma ; Matrix metalloproteinases ; Collagenase ; Gelatinase ; Stromelysin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered to have an important role in connective tissue degradation and have been implicated in the mechanisms of tumour invasion and metastatic spread. We have used immunohistochemistry to examine and compare the tissue distributions of collagenase-1 (MMP-1), gelatinase A (MMP-2) and stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) in 18 specimens of malignant melanoma, viz. 10 superficial spreading and 8 nodular melanomas. MMPs-1, -2 and -3 were demonstrated within melanoma and host tissue cells, especially at the periphery of some tumours, but were usually restricted to less than 10% of total melanoma cells. The MMPs were absent from ’normal’ skin tissue distant from the tumour. MMP-2 was localised to discrete groups of cells and was especially evident at the epidermal:tumour interface, whereas MMP-3 was mainly confined to the deeper margins of melanoma. No regular pattern of MMP expression was observed for either the superficial spreading or the nodular melanomas. The variable distributions of the MMPs suggested that enzyme expression was subject to local microenvironmental regulation, possibly in response to matrix components and the cellular heterogeneity observed at the tumour margins. These in situ observations add weight to the concept that specific MMPs contribute to the mechanisms of tumour invasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050443
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  • 48
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    Malignant myoepithelioma of the breast metastasizing to the jaw (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 520-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Breast neoplasms ; Malignant myoepithelioma ; Metastasis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A breast tumor in a 52-year-old female was interpreted as a malignant myoepithelioma based on morphological and immunohistochemical studies. The tumor consisted of elongated cells with clear cytoplasm and lacked glandular components. The tumor cells were stained positively for keratin, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and muscle-specific actin. Distant metastasis in the right jaw developed 8 years after the initial surgery and the metastatic deposit showed a similar morphology and immunoreactivity. Myoepithelial tumors are generally considered as benign or low-grade lesions and distant metastasis has been rarely documented. The present case presents the possibility of delayed occurrence of distant metastasis in myoepithelial tumor of the breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050436
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  • 49
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    Innervation of human adrenal gland and adrenal cortical lesions (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 580-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Abstract Adrenal cortex ; Adrenal tumour ; Innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuronal markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The innervation of the human adrenal gland and of cortical lesions was studied in sections of cortical tissue (n=10), hyperplastic cortical tissue (n=3), and tissue from cortical adenomas (n=5) and carcinomas (n=6). The presence and distribution of nerve structures containing neuronal markers indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation were studied by immunohistochemistry and the co-existence and co-localization patterns of the different markers by immunofluorescence. The cortex and hyperplastic cortical tissue had a moderate to rich supply of nerve structures containing the typical neuronal markers: protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), small vesicle synaptic protein type 2 (SV2), and nerves showing immunoreactivity to the adrenergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). All these immunoreactive nerves were located predominantly adjacent to blood vessels, but also among parenchymal cells. The cortex showed numerous nerve structures containing the neuropeptide substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal protein (VIP), but few nerves containing these peptides were seen in hyperplastic cortical tissue. Typical markers were occasionally observed in cortical adenomas but were not found in carcinomas, except in a few cases where PGP 9.5 and NSE were present, but only adjacent to necrotic areas. Nerves containing NPY and VIP occurred in varying numbers in both adenomas and carcinomas. NPY- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve structures were seen mostly alongside blood vessels. There were several types of co-existence. For instance, NSE/VIP-, TH/VIP- and TH/NPY-immunoreactive nerve structures were often seen in the same trunk, but were only partly co-localized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050444
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  • 50
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    Proliferation marker Ki-S11 – a prognostic indicator for squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 590-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Hypopharynx carcinoma ; Prognosis ; Proliferation ; Ki-S11 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  As a potential prognostic factor, the proliferative activity of 131 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the hypopharynx and 47 of their cervical lymph-node metastases was analyzed retrospectively by means of monoclonal antibody Ki-S11 immunostaining, which specifically detects the Ki-67 antigen on paraffin-embedded tissue. Median follow-up time was 37.6 months. Ki-S11 revealed distinctive patterns of proliferating cells related to the degree of differentiation. The proliferation fractions in the primaries and their lymph-node metastases did not differ significantly. Patients with high proliferating hypopharynx carcinomas (〉45% labeled cells) had a significantly lower 5-year-survival rate (16%) than patients with low proliferating tumors, whose 5-year-survival rate was 30% (P=0.01). A statistically significant positive correlation was also observed between proliferative activity and lymph-node status (P=0.012). In conclusion, the proliferative activity as determined by means of Ki-S11 immunostaining is of prognostic value with respect to both survival and metastatic risk in SCC of the hypopharynx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050445
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  • 51
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    Involvement of tenascin-C in proliferation and migration of laryngeal carcinoma cells (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 496-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Tenascin-C ; Laryngeal carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Cell proliferation ; Cell migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein upregulated in various pathological processes. In this study, we investigated its distribution in dysplasia and carcinoma of the human larynx using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. In all cancer tissues, TN-C immunostaining was markedly increased in the stroma, especially around the cancer cell nests. In addition, cytoplasmic staining of cancer cells was also observed in 62.5% of the invasive cases, the cells being distributed in the periphery of the nests adjacent to the stroma. TN-C mRNA signals in cancer cells were detected in all six cases examined by ISH. Furthermore, in vitro evaluation of the roles of TN-C demonstrated an increase in the proliferating cell fraction in a dose-dependent manner. In a wound closure assay, the addition of TN-C promoted migration. We conclude that TN-C secreted by cancer cells may be involved in their proliferation and migration in an autocrine fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050433
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    No correlation between RET immunostaining and the codon 918 mutation in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 384 (1999), S. 60-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (sMTC) ; Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2) ; RET mutation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurs sporadically or as part of the inherited cancer syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2. The MEN2 gene has been identified as the RET proto-oncogene. Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with the pathogenesis of MTC. Approximately 23–40% of sporadic MTCs (sMTCs) have a somatic RET codon 918 mutation within the catalytic core of the tyrosine kinase, which is a mutation found in over 98% of all MEN 2B cases as a germline mutation. Methods: In order to elucidate the role of this mutation, we examined 40 sMTCs for the codon 918 mutation. Simultaneously, we looked for overexpression of the RET protein by means of immunohistochemistry with a newly developed RET antibody. Results: In 8 of 40 tumors (20%), we were able to find a RET codon 918 mutation. Nine of 40 tumors (22.5%) showed immunoreactivity with the RET antibody. Conclusion: The presence of the somatic RET codon 918 mutations did not correlate with the presence of positive RET immunostaining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004230050175
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    Variable histological expression of dystrophinopathy in two females (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 657-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Xp21 muscular dystrophy carriers ; Muscle biopsy ; Immunohistochemistry ; X chromosome ; inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two carriers of Xp21 muscular dystrophy with unusual clinical manifestations and striking variability of dystrophin deficiency within the same muscle biopsy. The first patient was a 60-year-old nun with recent onset of cramps and proximal weakness, mimicking an acquired myopathy. Muscle biopsy disclosed slight alterations in one sample and severe dystrophic changes in another; dystrophin was absent in 7% fibers in the former specimen and in 60% in the second. X inactivation was skewed with 90% cells inactivating the same X chromosome. The second patient was a 17-year-old girl with hyperCKemia, learning disability and a family history of X-linked muscular dystrophy. Muscle biopsy displayed slight fiber size variability and some internal nuclei; dystrophin was absent only in one muscle fiber. A second sample with the same morphological features demonstrated dystrophin deficiency with mosaic distribution. The pattern of X inactivation was normal. These cases emphasize the variability of histopathological changes and dystrophin deficiency in Xp21 muscular dystrophy carriers and the risk of sampling errors in muscle biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051043
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    Bunina bodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on Guam: a histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigation (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 150-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Bunina body ; Guam ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An investigation of Bunina bodies is important when studying the pathoetiology and pathomechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It may serve as a clue essential for the study of the pathogenesis of Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS-G), and it may provide a means of answering the question of whether ALS-G is the same disease as classical ALS or a different entity. In ALS-G, however, no precise histochemical, immunohistochemical, or detailed ultrastructural examination has been published to date. To elucidate the pathological differences/similarities of Bunina bodies between classical ALS and ALS-G, we performed histochemical, immunohistochemical, topographic and ultrastructural examinations. Histochemically, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, methylgreen-pyronin, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin, Klüver-Barrera, Bodian and periodic acid-Schiff staining were utilized. Immunohistochemical examination was performed using antibodies for cystatin C, ubiquitin, Tau-2, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, phosphorylated neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Histochemical findings were consistent with those previously described for classical ALS. The immunohistochemical study showed that in ALS-G Bunina bodies were intensely labeled by an anti-cystatin C antibody. Topographic examination demonstrated that Bunina bodies were distributed in the spinal anterior horns and Clarke’s column in the spinal cord. Ultrastructurally, Bunina bodies were composed of electron-dense amorphous/ granular material accompanied by vesicular structures and neurofilaments. The results of the present study have revealed that the pathological features of Bunina bodies in ALS-G are identical to those seen in classical ALS. These findings strongly suggest that a similar degenerative process occurs in the spinal anterior horn cells in both ALS-G and classical ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051063
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    Correlation of survival time with size of axonal swellings in diffuse axonal injury (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Diffuse axonal injury ; Head injury ; β-amyloid precursor protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Forensic neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Widespread damage to axons in the white matter of the brain is a well-recognised consequence of non-missile head injury. This diffuse axonal injury is characterised by a gradual swelling of the axon associated with an accumulation of cellular organelles and proteins. We have investigated the relationship between the size of the swellings of the damaged axon with survival time in post-mortem brain tissue. Sixty-six cases of head injury with known length of post-traumatic survival were selected for study, and immunohistochemistry for β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) was carried out. The minimum diameter of the βAPP-immunolabelled damaged axons was measured in micrometers using the IBAS image analysis system. There was a strong, positive and significant relationship between the mean size of axonal swelling and survival time which plateaued at around 85 h post injury. With longer survival times the situation becomes more complex. βAPP immunolabelling of damaged axons can contribute evidence about trauma and post-injury survival time in the forensic setting but should always be assessed with other evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051069
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    Glial expression of presenilin epitopes in human brain with cerebral infarction and in astrocytoma (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 337-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Presenilin ; Cerebral infarction ; Astrocytoma ; Glial cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Presenilins, some gene mutations of which are associated with familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are expressed mainly in neurons in normal brains and brains from patients clinicopathologically diagnosed as AD. They are thought to be related to cell death and survival. We studied the immunolocalization of presenilin to investigate its possible relation to cell death and glial proliferation, using two antibodies against different portions of the presenilin 1 protein, in human brains with cerebral infarction and in astrocytoma, where abundant cell death and glial proliferation are present. Expression of presenilin epitopes was more marked in glial cells than in neurons in and around the ischemic focus, and it was also robust in astrocytoma cells. These findings suggest that presenilins are functioning not only in neurons but also in glial cells in reactive and neoplastic proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051090
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    Immunoreactivity of β-amyloid precursor protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; β-Amyloid precursor protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fast axonal transport ; Anterior horn neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the localization and extent of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP695) immunoreactivity as a sensitive marker for impairment of fast axonal transport in the spinal cords of 21 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), paying special attention to anterior horn neurons. Specimens from 18 patients without neurological disease served as controls. Increased β-APP immunoreactivity was frequently recognized in the anterior horns of the ALS patients with short clinical courses or with mild depletion of anterior horn cells, while no β-APP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in those with severe depletion of anterior horn neurons or with long-standing clinical courses. Increased β-APP immunoreactivity in the anterior horn neurons was mainly confined to the perikarya and no immunoreactivity was recognized in the dendrites or proximal axons directly emanating from the somata, except some spheroids (proximal axonal swellings) which showed increased immunoreactivity of β-APP. Increased β-APP immunoreactivity was spotted or focally aggregated in the perikarya of normal-looking large anterior horn neurons, while it was frequently diffuse in that of degenerative neurons such as central chromatolytic cells and or those with simple atrophy. On the other hand, the controls showed no immunostaining with β-APP in the spinal cord. These findings suggest that increased immunoreactivity of β-APP in neuronal perikarya of the anterior horn cells and in some proximal axonal swellings is an early change of ALS, and may be a response of the increased synthesis of β-APP resulting from neuronal damage, or the impairment of fast axonal transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051015
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    Cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity in the human brain following cerebral ischemia (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Prostaglandin H2 synthase ; Stroke ; Inflammation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in the brain of rodents during cerebral ischemia and contributes to ischemic brain injury. This study sought to determine whether COX-2 is also up-regulated in the human brain in the acute stages of cerebral ischemic infarction. Paraffin-embedded sections from patients who died 1–2 days following infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory were processed for COX-2 immunohistochemistry. COX-2 immunoreactivity was observed in infiltrating neutrophils, in vascular cells and in neurons located at the border of the infarct. The data suggest that COX-2 up-regulation is also relevant to cerebral ischemia in humans and raise the possibility that COX-2 reaction products participate in the mechanisms of ischemic injury also in the human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051045
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    Immunohistochemical, conventional and immunoelectron microscopical characteristics of periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules in the mouse brain (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Polyglucosan body ; Periodic ; acid-Schiff-positive granules ; Mouse brain ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules (PGs) appear in the mouse brains in relation to advancing age. The exact location and pathophysiological significance of PGs, however, are not fully understood. The incidence, staining properties, and topographical distributions of PGs in the brains of 17 AKR mice ranging in age from 7 to 18 months were examined histochemically and immunohistochemically using antibody KM279 raised against a polyglucosan. In addition, to define the precise site of PG formation, we investigated the brains of 4 AKR mice of 24 months of age using conventional and immunoelectron microscopy. PGs were seen in all mice examined and the levels were increased with age. The PGs were located predominantly in the hippocampus and, to a lesser extent, in the cerebellum and olfactory bulb. Immunohistochemically, PGs in the hippocampus and cerebellum were labeled uniformly with KM279. On immunoelectron microscopy with this monoclonal antibody, the fibrillar or membranous structures corresponding to PGs seen using light microscopy were labeled specifically with gold particles. With conventional electron microscopy, fibrillar or membranous structures were seen along with synaptic vesicles and dense-core granules. Moreover, around the cells containing PGs, a few synaptic junctions with neighboring cells were observed, indicating that the cells contributing to formation of PGs were neuronal cells. The positive immunoreactivity of AKR mouse PGs for the antibody KM279 suggests that the PGs and similar structures in other species may share a common antigenicity. Thus, it is assumed that PGs in AKR mice might result from some abnormalities in glucose metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051048
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of oncocytes in normal adenohypophysis (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mitochondria ; Oncocytes ; Oncocytomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunocytochemical examination for mitochondrial protein and cytochrome oxidase was performed to demonstrate oncocytes in normal adenohypophysis obtained from 28 patients of various age. A small number of solitary large epithelial cells showed intense cytoplasmic granular immunoreactivities for mitochondrial protein and cytochrome oxidase. The proportions of the cells positive for the former and the latter ranged from 0% to 5.9% (mean ± SD; 1.5 ± 1.7%) and from 0% to 4.9% (1.4 ± 1.6%), respectively. These cells were either absent or extremely rare in young patients (under 10 years) but tended to increase in number with age (P 〈 0.0001). On the other hand, the mirror section technique showed that most of these cells were negative for adenohypophysial hormones, but a few of them were faintly positive for: α-subunit (8.0%), β-subunits of follicle-stimulating hormone (4.8%), luteinizing hormone (2.5%), thyroid-stimulating hormone (1.0%), and growth hormone (0.5%), and were negative for prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone. We considered that these cells represent oncocytes that exist in varying numbers in normal adenohypophysis. It was suggested that oncocytes in normal adenohypophysis share various common features with tumorous oncocytes of pituitary oncocytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050953
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    A comparison of cell phenotypes in hemimegalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Hemimegalencephaly ; Tuberous sclerosis ; Large neurons ; Balloon cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hemimegalencephaly, an uncommon sporadic nonfamilial congenital dysplastic abnormality of the central nervous system, constitutes a pathological spectrum of neuronal migration disorders, but consistently includes abnormal large neurons similar to those in the cortical tubers of tuberous sclerosis. Microscopically, there are also cells with homogeneous and weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm with a single eccentric nucleus, sometimes called balloon cells (likewise prominent in tuberous sclerosis). We looked for immunohistochemical and ultrastructural differences in the large neurons and balloon cells between hemimegalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis. Microtubule-associated protein 1B and 2, phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament and synaptophysin identify the large neurons and distinguish them from balloon cells in both entities. Balloon cells in hemimegalencephaly showed no immunoreactivity for TSC2 gene product, tuberin, and vimentin, but similar cells in tuber tissue showed consistent immunoreactivity. Balloon cells in hemimegalencephaly showed no immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but some cells in tubers showed such immunoreactivity. Ultrastructurally, balloon cells in hemimegalencephaly contained very few lysosomes, microfilaments, and microtubules, but abundant lipofuscin granules. Similar cells in tubers had prominent lysosomes, more microfilaments and microtubules, and very few lipofuscin granules. The resemblance between abnormal cells in hemimegalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis is superficial; their immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic profiles show distinct differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051101
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    Advanced glycation endproducts are deposited in neuronal hyaline inclusions: a study on familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase-1 mutation (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 240-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Advanced glycation endproducts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Superoxide dismutase ; Hyaline inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the role of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) in the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) mutation, we investigated the immunohistochemical localization of N ɛ-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), one of the major AGE structures, in spinal cords from three familial ALS patients with a heterozygous Ala to Val substitution at codon 4 in the gene for SOD1. Neuronal hyaline inclusions (NHIs), the abnormal structures seen in some of the remaining lower motor neurons of familial ALS patients with SOD1 mutation, were intensely stained by a monoclonal antibody specific for CML in contrast to the only weakly stained cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopy depicted the CML determinants restricted to the granule-associated thick linear structures that mainly compose the NHIs. The NHIs were also recognized by antibodies to SOD1, phosphorylated neurofilament protein and ubiquitin. No focal collection of either CML or SOD1 was found in neurons of the control individuals. Our results indicate that CML is a component of the NHIs of familial ALS patients with SOD1 mutation, and suggest that the CML formation may be mediated by protein glycoxidation or lipid peroxidation in the presence of oxidative stress from mutant SOD1, in association with motor neuron degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050980
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    Stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme in psoriasis (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Epidermis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Protease ; Psoriasis ; Stratum corneum chymotryptic ; enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE) is a serine protease which may function in the turnover of the stratum corneum by means of degradation of intercellular adhesive structures between corneocytes. It is also potentially an epidermal activating enzyme for cytokines such as interleukin-1β. The aim of this work was to study the expression of SCCE in psoriatic epidermis by means of immunohistochemistry, and to elucidate the nature of the SCCE present in psoriatic scales by means of biochemical analyses. In comparison to normal skin the number of cell layers expressing SCCE in psoriatic lesions was consistently increased. In nonlesional psoriatic skin the pattern of SCCE expression varied. It was similar to the pattern in normal skin in some biopsies, whereas in other biopsies evidence of an increased expression of SCCE was found. By means of zymography and immunoblotting, extracts of psoriatic scales were found to contain active SCCE as well as enzymatically inactive SCCE precursor. Also the effects of inhibitors on the activity towards a chromogenic protease substrate in the extracts after partial purification by gel exclusion chromatography were compatible with the presence of enzymatically active SCCE. We conclude that the expression of SCCE in psoriasis may be upregulated, and that the conversion of inactive SCCE-precursor to active SCCE occurs in the psoriatic lesion. The possible role of SCCE in the pathophysiology of psoriasis remains to be elucidated, but should be considered in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050393
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    Immunohistochemical localization of the neutral cysteine protease bleomycin hydrolase in human skin (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Cysteine protease ; Bleomycin hydrolase ; Keratinocyte ; Skin cancers ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050400
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    The role of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in herpes simplex virus infection of murine skin (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 28-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Herpes simplex virus ; Cutaneous infection ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymorphonuclear leukocyte ; Anti-PMN antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We undertook the present study to investigate the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in defending skin against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. For this purpose, we established a mouse model of cutaneous HSV infection. The hind limb footpad skin of 4-week-old ICR mice was abraded linearly once with a feather edge file and infected with various strains of HSV with different virulence. In uninfected control mice, PMN appeared at the abraded skin lesion within 24 h, and were eliminated from the epidermis after 3 days. Mice inducted with a highly virulent strain of HSV demonstrated wide and severe erythematous lesions of the footpad skin and histologically, virus antigen-positive ballooning degenerated keratinocytes were observed. However, in infections with attenuated strains of HSV, the epidermis was regenerated and a viral antigen was discharged within 5 days, together with any infiltrated PMN. Macrophages and NK cells numbered less than PMN. In mice treated with anti-PMN antiserum before HSV infection, PMN infiltration was significantly suppressed 1 day after infection, and these animals developed a severe cutaneous disease even if infected with an attenuated virus. These results indicate the importance of PMN in the control of HSV cutaneous infections, especially in the primary infectious phase.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050380
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    Serotonin in human allergic contact dermatitis. An immunohistochemical and high-performance liquid chromatographic study (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin ; Allergic contact dermatitis ; Immunohistochemistry ; High-performance liquid ; chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common clinical condition leading to considerable morbidity. We have recently demonstrated that ketanserin, a serotonin antagonist, significantly inhibits nickel sulphate-induced ACD. Furthermore, serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) cells have previously been demonstrated in normal human cutaneous melanocytes. To further elucidate the role of serotonin in cutaneous contact hypersensitivity, we compared ACD involved skin and uninvolved skin from nickel-allergic patients, and normal skin from healthy volunteers, for the presence of serotonin-like immunoreactive cells using immunohistochemistry. In addition, serotonin concentrations in ACD involved and uninvolved skin were compared by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the skin of normal healthy volunteers, the serotonin-IR cells were situated in the basal layer of the epidermis. In uninvolved skin the cells were also situated in the basal layer, but they were more numerous and the immunofluorescence intensity was greater. In involved skin, the IR cells were fewer and they were found higher up in the epidermis. Also, the configuration of these cells was different: they showed enlarged and elongated dendrites as well as dendritic spines. The serotonin antiserum-labelled cells in ACD involved skin were also NKI-beteb positive (the latter is known as a reliable marker of melanocytes). The concentration of serotonin in involved skin was significantly higher than that in uninvolved skin in ACD patients (P 〈 0.05). Taken together, our previous and present results indicate that serotonin plays an important role in ACD. The basal epidermal serotonin-IR cells are more dendritic in ACD, and are found more superficial in the epidermis, where they might release their content of serotonin, thereby influencing the inflammatory process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050407
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    Langerhans cells enclosing sunburn cells in acute UV erythema in vivo (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 291 (1999), S. 303-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Langerhans cells ; Sunburn cells ; UV ; erythema ; Apoptosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050413
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    Patterns of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in human gliomas in vivo (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 240-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Glioma ; Cyclooxygenase ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cyclooxygenases (COX, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases, PGG/H synthases) are potent mediators of inflammation. While COX-1 is constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues, COX-2 is cytokine inducible. Although COX-1 expression is observed in normal tissue, enhanced COX-2 expression has been attributed a key role in the development of edema, impeding blood flow and immunomodulation observed in pathologically altered tissues. Here, we have analyzed the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in 50 gliomas and 10 control brains with no neuropathological alterations by immunohistochemistry; 22 glioblastoma multiforme, 9 anaplastic astrocytomas, 5 protoplasmic astrocytomas, 1 gemistocytic astrocytoma and 13 fibrillary astrocytomas were included in the study. Compared with control brains, accumulation of COX-1 was detected in 20–50% of all cells in both low- and high-grade gliomas. Double-labeling experiments revealed COX-1 expression in subsets of macrophages/ microglial cells within the tumor parenchyma and in areas of infiltrative tumor growth. Of the COX-1-positive cells, 90% expressed MHC class II antigens. No COX-1 immunoreactivity was observed in tumor cells. COX-2-positive cells accumulated in tumor cells and in single macrophages/microglial cells in the immediate vicinity of necroses. Further studies are required to determine whether COX-2 is involved in the development of necrosis or, more likely, whether COX-2 is a part of the tumor tissue response to necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051075
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    Immunohistochemical evaluation of the marbled state in childhood hypoxic encephalopathy (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Calcium-binding protein ; Enkephalin ; Hypoxic encephalopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Marbled state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have immunohistochemically analyzed the marbled state in 8 cases of perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and 4 cases of infantile hypoxic encephalopathy, using antibodies against calbindin-D28k (CaBD), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), methionine-enkephalin (MEnk), myelin basic protein (MBP), neurofilament (NF), parvalbumin (PV), substance-P (SuP) and synaptophysin (SP). The marbled state was found in the thalamus in 11 cases, whose age at death was over 10 years. Four cases demonstrated the marbled state in the cerebral cortex, in addition to the striatum and/or the thalamus. The abnormally myelinated fibers in the marbled state were stained with both Klüver-Barrera and Holzer stainings; however, they were partly immunopositive for MBP and completely immunonegative for GFAP, CaBD, MEnk, PV, SuP and SP, although some of the neurons and/or fibers showed immunoreactivities for those calcium-binding proteins and/or neurotransmitters. The axons were visualized in the abnormally myelinated fibers by Bodian staining and/or anti-NF immunostainings in the cerebral cortex and striatum but not in the thalamus. GFAP-positive astrocytes did not show any continuity with the abnormally myelinated fibers. These histological features were seen in the cerebral cortex, striatum and thalamus. Difference of the etiology did not affect the histological features with the exception of anti-PV staining, in which PV-immunopositive neurons were observed only in aged subjects with infantile hypoxic encephalopathy, and seemed to be more severely affected by hypoxic stress during the perinatal period than the early infantile period. These data suggest that the site of lesion or the length of survival period after brain injury might influence the formation of the marbled state rather than the etiology. And the direct relationship between the abnormally myelinated fiber and astrocytic process was not verified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051078
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    Multiple spinal “miliary” hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease without cerebellar involvement (1999)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 22 (1999), S. 130-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Key words Von Hippel-Lindau disease (vHL) ; Multiple spinal hemangioblastomas ; vHL protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a 57-year-old male presenting with radicular pain in the nerve roots of L5 and S1 on the right side and dysuria. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine showed multiple (up to 20) small, intradural enhancing nodules attached to the cauda equina down to the sacrum, the largest 1 cm in diameter at the level Th12/ L1 compressing the conus. Additionally, small nodules in the cervico-thoracal region adjacent to the cord, but no cerebellar or cerebral abnormalities, were detected in a consecutive MRI of the remaining neuroaxis. The histology of a resected lesion at Th12/L1 revealed hemangioblastoma of the reticular type. Together with a history of left eye enucleation performed 17 years ago for angiomatosis of the retina and the immunohistochemical detection of von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) protein within the removed spinal hemangioblastoma, a diagnosis of vHL disease was established. Family history and screening for visceral manifestations of vHL disease were negative. In contrast to cerebellar or solitary spinal hemangioblastomas, multiple spinal hemangioblastomas without cerebellar involvement in vHL represent unusual manifestations. Unlike the case for solitary lesions in non-syndromic patients, a surgical cure does not seem feasible in this case. The role of treatment modalities is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101430050047
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  • 71
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    Distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen and biologic behavior in colorectal carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 42 (1999), S. 640-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Colorectal neoplasms ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Carcinoembryonic antigen is assumed from the results of several experiments to be associated with invasion of colorectal carcinoma by adhesion or contact inhibition. The patterns and the intensity of carcinoembryonic antigen distribution in colorectal carcinoma were assessed to verify whether they were correlated with malignant potential from those biologic characteristics. METHODS: Carcinoembryonic antigen distribution was tested in the archival samples of 149 colorectal carcinomas by immunohistochemistry, using three characterized anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibodies: T84.66, PR1A3, and PR3B10. The distribution patterns in neoplastic tissue were categorized into unstained, apicoluminal, and diffuse-cytoplasmic patterns. Tumor, invasive tumor margin, and tissue surrounding the tumor were examined. RESULTS: Although all three antibodies revealed a positive correlation, T84.66 showed better discrimination than the others. Although none of the negative staining of the tumor or invasive tumor margin showed recurrence, the apicoluminal pattern showed recurrence, and the diffuse pattern showed the most frequent recurrence (P〈0.01). Recurrence was also associated with staining intensity in the apicoluminal pattern in both the tumor and invasive tumor margin (P〈0.05). Infiltrative tumor growth and lymph node metastasis were more frequent in cases of positive staining in tissue surrounding the tumor. Patients with the apicoluminal pattern achieved longer survival than patients with the diffuse-cytoplasmic pattern in the invasive tumor margin (P=0.024) by a multivariate analysis including tumor stage and histologic differentiation. CONCLUSION: The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen in tumors and surrounding tissue seems to be closely correlated with invasiveness and metastatic behavior in colorectal carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen immune staining can be considered as an efficient tool to determine groups with risk of recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02234143
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  • 72
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    Angiogenesis Correlates With Metastasis in Melanoma (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 6 (1999), S. 70-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Angiogenesis ; Melanoma ; Metastasis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microvessels.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Angiogenesis has been correlated with melanoma progression, but its role in melanoma metastasis is unclear. Methods: To determine whether angiogenesis correlates with the presence of melanoma metastases, we compared the number of microvessels in the primary melanomas of 12 patients presenting with metastases to those of 13 patients without metastases. Patient groups were matched for gender, age, tumor depth, and histological type and anatomical location of the primary melanoma. Microvessels were stained with factor VIII antibody and counted. Results: Microvessel counts were significantly greater for the metastatic than the nonmetastatic melanomas (51.63 ± 14.95 vs. 24.86 ± 8.415; P 〈 .0001). One hundred percent of the metastatic melanomas had a mean microvessel count of ≥ 37, whereas only 8% of the nonmetastatic melanomas had a mean microvessel count of ≥ 37 (sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = .92). Interestingly, patients with lymph node metastases had significantly lower microvessel counts than did patients with distant metastases (42.00 ± .482 vs. 58.50 ± 16.40; P 〈 .05), and significantly higher microvessel counts than did patients without metastases (42.00 ± 3.482 vs. 24.86 ± 8.415; P 〈 .001). Conclusions: An increased number of microvessels in the primary tumors of patients with melanoma correlates with the simultaneous presence of metastases. This suggests that angiogenesis may be important in the process of melanoma metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10434-999-0070-z
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    p21Waf1/Cip1 Expression Is a Prognostic Marker in Curatively Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, but Not p27Kip1, p53, or Rb (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 6 (1999), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Esophageal cancer ; Treatment ; Prognosis ; Cell cycle ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: p21Waf1/Cip1 (p21), p27Kip1 (p27), p53, and Rb play critical roles in cell cycle regulation and may influence the clinical behavior of tumors. We examined whether their expression is useful to predict survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC). Methods: Expression of p21, p27, p53, and Rb was studied by the immunohistochemical method in specimens from 62 patients with curatively resected ESC tumors and scored by a computerized image analysis system. Results: The median expression scores of p21, p27, p53, and Rb (14, 12, 27, and 50, respectively) were used as cut-off points to define low and high expression groups for each protein. The 5-year survival rate for the high p21 expression group was 68%; that for the low expression group was 31% (P = .0062). p27, p53, and Rb were not correlated with overall survival. When patients were categorized into four groups based on p21 expression level and lymph node involvement (pN), the survival curves were significantly different (P = .0017). Thus, patients without lymph node involvement but with low p21 expression had survival similar to that of patients with lymph node involvement and high p21 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that age (P = .0102), lymph node involvement (P = .0076), and p21 (P = .0276) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Expression of p21 is an independent prognostic factor in curatively resected ESC. Definition of new subgroups of patients based on p21 expression may help to enhance the stratification of stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10434-999-0481-x
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  • 74
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    p53 Accumulation Is a Prognostic Factor in Intestinal-Type Gastric Carcinoma but Not in the Diffuse Type (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 6 (1999), S. 739-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; Intestinal/diffuse histotype ; P53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognostic factors ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The prognostic value of p53 nuclear accumulation in gastric cancer is still unclear, as shown by the discordant results still reported in the literature. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between p53 accumulation and long-term survival of patients resected for intestinal and diffuse-type gastric cancer. Methods: Eighty-three patients with carcinoma of the intestinal type and 53 patients with carcinoma of the diffuse type were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining of the paraffin sections was performed by using monoclonal antibody DO1; cases were considered positive when nuclear immunostaining was observed in 10% or more of the tumor cells. Prognostic significance of different variables was investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: p53 positivity was found in 51.8% of intestinal-type and 50.9% of diffuse-type cases. No significant correlation between the rate of p53 overexpression and age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, distant metastases, and surgical radicality was found in the two groups of patients. A statistically significant difference in survival rate was observed between p53-negative and p53-positive cases in the intestinal type (P 〈 .05), confirmed by multivariate analysis (P 〈 .005; relative risk = 3.09). On the contrary, no correlation with survival was found in diffuse-type cases according to p53 overexpression. Conclusions: These results suggest that the immunohistochemical detection of p53 accumulation is a useful indicator of poor prognosis in the intestinal but not in the diffuse type of gastric cancer, and are indicative of distinct molecular pathways and pattern of progression in the two histotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10434-999-0739-3
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  • 75
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    Estimation of wound age and VCAM-1 in human skin (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1999), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words VCAM-1 ; Selectins ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract To estimate the age of skin wounds, the endothelial adhesion molecule VCAM-1 (CD 106) was detected in paraffin sections after autoclaving and using the ABC technique. The percentage of VCAM-1 positive blood vessels was determined after the blood vessels had been marked with PECAM-1 (CD 31). Low positive staining reactions were observed for VCAM-1 on endothelial cells of uninjured skin in 18% of the samples. In injured skin, 51% of the cases investigated showed a VCAM-1 expression. Strong positive staining reactions were observed 3 h at the earliest and 3.5 days at the latest after the time of injury. The immunohistochemical results for VCAM-1 differed significantly between the injured and uninjured skin (P 〈 0.01). In a few cases VCAM-1 was detected (n = 6) at low intensity in postmortem skin wounds and a moderate to strong expression of VCAM-1 is indicative of the vitality of the wound. The detection of VCAM-1 can be used for estimating the age of wounds in forensic applications if the degree of expression of further adhesion molecules, especially that of selectins, is taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050223
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  • 76
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    A quantitative immunohistochemical study on the time-dependent course of acute inflammatory cellular response to human brain injury (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1999), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Brain injury ; Cortical contusion ; Inflammatory reaction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Wound ; age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The time-dependent inflammatory cell reaction in human cortical contusions has been investigated during the first 30 weeks after blunt head injury. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out using CD 15 for granulocytes and LCA, CD 3 and UCHL-1 for mononuclear leucocytes. In order to provide reliable data for a forensic wound age estimation, the intensity of the cellular reaction was evaluated with a quantitative image analysis system. CD 15-labelled granulocytes were detectable earliest 10 min after brain injury, whereas significantly increased numbers of mononuclear leucocytes occurred in cortical contusions after a postinfliction interval of at least 1.1 days (LCA), 2 days (CD 3) or 3.7 days (UCHL-1), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050241
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  • 77
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    Immunohistochemical and morphometrical study on the temporal expression of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) in human skin wounds for forensic wound age determination (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1999), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Forensic pathology ; Wound age ; determination ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphometrical analysis ; Interleukin-1α (IL-1α)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract An immunohistochemical and morphometrical study on the temporal expression of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) was performed on 40 human skin wounds with different wound ages. Immunohistochemically, polymorphonuclear neutrophils mainly showed positive reactions for IL-1α in wounds aged between 4 h and 1 day, but with increasing wound age, neutrophils were no longer present, and macrophages and fibroblasts were positively stained. Morphometrically, the ratio of the number of IL-1α-positive infiltrating cells to the total number of infiltrating cells was evaluated. A considerable increase in the IL-1α-positive cell ratio was observed in wound specimens aged 4 h to 1 day, and the maximum ratio was 46.5% in a 7 h-old wound. The mean value of the IL-1α-positive ratio in 10 wound specimens with different wound ages between 4 h and 1 day was 32.8 ± 9.7%. In most cases the ratio of IL-1α-positive cells gradually decreased in wounds aged between 1.5 and 21 days to less than 30%, and the mean value was 17.5 ± 7.2% (n = 27). These results suggest that ratios of IL-1α-positive cells considerably exceeding 30%, indicate a postinfliction interval of 1 day or less.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050244
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  • 78
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    Neuron-specific enolase as an effective immunohistochemical marker for injured axons after fatal brain injury (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 113 (1999), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Head injury ; Diffuse axonal injury ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Amyloid precursor protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Recently, it has been reported that a diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury in cases with a short survival period can be made with the use of immunolabelling for β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). We examined whether immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) can also be a useful marker for the detection of axonal injury in its early stages. Sections of the corpus callosum from 19 cases of head injury and from 9 cases of no head injury were immunostained for NSE and stained by the standard Holmes’ silver method. For comparison, serial sections from several cases were immunostained for APP. Immunostaining for NSE as well as for APP, labelled injured axons in head injury cases with as early as 1.5 h survival where Holmes’ staining failed to detect any changes of axons. Since NSE and APP labelled only injured axons but not normal axons, the results were readily interpretable. These findings indicate that NSE should be an effective marker for the detection of axonal injury in its early stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050273
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  • 79
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    Sentinel Node Metastasis in Patients with Breast Carcinoma Accurately Predicts Immunohistochemically Detectable Nonsentinel Node Metastasis (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 6 (1999), S. 756-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Breast carcinoma ; Sentinel node ; Axillary lymphadenectomy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Sentinel lymphadenectomy is highly accurate for identifying axillary metastasis from a primary breast carcinoma. Nonsentinel axillary lymph nodes (NSNs) are unlikely to contain tumor cells if the axillary sentinel node (SN) is tumor free. We previously showed that the size of the primary tumor and the size of its SN metastasis predict the risk of NSN tumor involvement detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. This study used immunohistochemical staining (IHC) to determine the likelihood of NSN axillary metastasis in the presence of SN metastasis. Methods: Between 1991 and 1997, axillary lymphadenectomy was performed in 156 women (157 axillary basins) who had primary breast carcinoma with SN metastasis. By hematoxylin and eosin staining, we identified NSN metastasis in 55 axillae (35%). IHC was then used to re-examine all NSNs (1827 lymph nodes) from the remaining 102 axillae. The incidence of IHC-detected NSN involvement was analyzed with respect to clinical and tumor characteristics. Results: By using IHC, we identified NSN metastasis in 15 (14.7%) of the 102 axillae. By multivariate analysis, the size of the SN metastasis (P = .0001) and the size of the primary tumor (P = .038) were the only independent variables predicting NSN metastasis determined by using either hematoxylin and eosin staining or IHC. Only the number of SN metastases (1 vs. 〉1) was a significant (P = .04) predictor of IHC-detected NSN metastasis. Conclusions: Use of IHC increases the likelihood of detection of NSN metastasis, and the risk of IHC-detected metastasis increases with the size of the SN metastasis and the size of the primary tumor. If SN involvement is micrometastatic (≤2 mm) or detected by using IHC, tumor cells are unlikely to be found in other axillary lymph nodes in patients with a small primary tumor. The clinical significance of micrometastatic disease in lymph nodes is controversial, and a prospective randomized study is necessary to resolve this important issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10434-999-0756-2
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  • 80
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    Motor innervation by enteric nerve fibers containing both nitric oxide synthase and galanin immunoreactivities in the striated muscle of the rat esophagus (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Enteric innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Galanin ; Striated muscle ; Esophagus ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- and galanin-immunoreactive nerve terminals and the origin of NOS-immunoreactive nerve terminals on the motor endplates in the striated muscles of the rat esophagus was investigated. Double immunohistochemical staining revealed a dual innervation of motor endplates by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive axons and by axons that were immunoreactive for both NOS and galanin. On average, 91% of NOS terminals were galanin immunoreactive. NOS-immunoreactive fibers were revealed at 67% of endplates, identified by the presence of CGRP terminals. The left vagus and superior laryngeal nerve were cut and 15 days allowed for terminals to degenerate. This caused a significant loss of CGRP fibers, but did not affect the density of innervation of the striated muscle by NOS-immunoreactive fibers. Thus the NOS/galanin fibers are deduced to originate from ganglia in the esophageal wall. This is supported by our observation of numerous NOS-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in the myenteric ganglia of the esophagus, 74% of which were galanin immunoreactive. There were no CGRP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in the wall of the esophagus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051230
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  • 81
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    Immunohistochemical localization of calbindin D28k during root formation of rat molar teeth (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 503-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Calbindin ; Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath ; Epithelial rest of Malassez ; Preodontoblast ; Periodontal fibroblast ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study was undertaken to examine the localization of calbindin D28k (CB)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) during the root formation of the rat molar. In the adult rat, CB-LI was detected in some of the cells of the epithelial rest of Malassez at the bifurcational region and in certain cells between the root dentin and cementum at the apical region. These cells had indented nuclei and many tonofilaments, and cementocytes lacked CB-LI. Moreover, CB-LI was observed in the periodontal fibroblasts in the alveolar half of the apical region. During root formation, the cells in the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) lacked CB-LI, but most fragmented cells along the root surface began to express CB-LI when HERS was disrupted. Preodontoblasts and odontoblasts at the apical portion of the root also showed CB-LI. After the formation of cellular cementum, the CB-immunoreactive (-IR) cells were entrapped between the root dentin and cementum in the apical portion of the root. The number of CB-IR cells at the root surface decreased gradually, while that between the root dentin and cementum increased. The fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament began to express CB-LI after commencement of the occlusion, and the number and the staining intensity of CB-IR fibroblasts increased gradually with the passage of time. The present results suggest that CB may play an important role in the survival of the epithelial cells, in the cellular responses of periodontal fibroblasts against mechanical forces caused by the occlusion, and in the initial mineralization by the odontoblasts through the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051377
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    Immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization of two novel decapeptides derived from POMC-A in the trout hypothalamus (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 409-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Proopiomelanocortin ; Post-translational processing ; Novel neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; HPLC analysis ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several vertebrate species which underwent duplication of their genome, such as trout, salmon and Xenopus, possess two proopiomelanocortin (POMC) genes. In the trout, one of the POMC molecules, called POMC-A, exhibits a unique C-terminal extension of 25 amino acids which has no equivalent in other POMCs characterized so far. This C-terminal peptide contains three pairs of basic residues, suggesting that it may be the source of novel regulatory peptides. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of these peptides in the brain of the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss by using specific antibodies raised against two epitopes derived from the C-terminal extension of POMC-A, i.e., EQWGREEGEE and YHFQ-NH2. Immunohistochemical labeling of brain sections revealed the presence of EQWGREEGEE- and YHFQ-NH2-immunoreactive cell bodies in the anterior part of the nucleus lateralis tuberis of the hypothalamus. Immunoreactive fibers were observed in the dorsal hypothalamus, the thalamus, the telencephalon, the optic tectum and the medulla oblongata. In contrast, no labeling was detected using antibodies against the non-amidated peptide YHFQG. Biochemical characterization was performed by combining high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with radioimmunoassay (RIA) quantification. Two peptides exhibiting the same retention time as synthetic EQWGREEGEE and ALGERKYHFQ-NH2 were resolved. However, no peptide co-eluting with YHFQ-NH2 or YHFQG could be detected. These results demonstrate that, in the trout brain, post-translational processing of POMC-A generates the two decapeptides EQWGREEGEE and ALGERKYHFQ-NH2. The wide distribution of immunoreactive fibers in the diencephalon, telencephalon, optic tectum and medulla oblongata suggests that these peptides may exert neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051247
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    P2X receptors in the rat duodenal villus (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words P2X receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Duodenum ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Immunohistochemical techniques were performed on freshly frozen sections of the duodenum of the rat using specific polyclonal antibodies to unique peptide sequences of P2X1–7 receptors. Of the antibodies to the seven known P2X receptor subtypes that mediate extracellular signalling by nucleotides, three reacted with discrete structures in the duodenal villus of the rat. Anti-P2X1 reacted with the capillary plexus in the intestinal villus, which did not extend to the crypt region, suggesting that nucleotides may be involved in the uptake and transport of metabolites. Anti-P2X5 immunostained the membranes of the narrow ”stem” of villus goblet cells, where the nucleus and cell organelles reside, possibly influencing synthesis and release of mucins. P2X7 receptor immunoreactivity was only seen in the membranes of enterocytes and goblet cells at the tip of the villus, where cells are exfoliated into the lumen, consistent with earlier findings that P2X7 is involved in apoptotic events. Thus, in complex structures such as the intestinal villus, purinoceptors appear to participate in several and diverse signalling functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051338
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  • 84
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    Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the stomatogastric nervous systems of crayfishes from four genera (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 537-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Decapod ; Invertebrate ; Monoamine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Procambarus clarkii ; Pacifastacusleniusculus (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We used whole-mount immunocytochemistry to characterize the distribution of serotonin in the stomatogastric nervous systems of seven species of crayfish representing three genera from the family Cambaridae (Orconectes, Cambarus, and Procambarus) and one from the family Astacidae (Pacifastacus). In all species, we observed serotonin-like immunoreactivity in four gastropyloric receptor (GPR) neurons located in the lateral ventricular nerves, with one pair of neurons in each nerve. As in other crustaceans, the GPR axons project to the stomatogastric ganglion and to the bilateral commissural ganglia. In three crayfishes, we observed the GPR axons crossing the commissural ganglia, and extending toward the thoracic nervous system. This feature was most clearly and consistently seen in Pacifastacus leniusculus. The number of stained somata in the commissural ganglia varied among crayfish species from two (in Procambarus clarkii) to five (in Pacifastacus leniusculus). The largest soma (the L cell) displayed both serotonin- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in all species, suggesting that serotonin and dopamine are cotransmitters in this cell. The inferior esophageal nerve and a branch of this nerve (the inner labral nerve) contained several axons with serotonin-like immunoreactivity. These axons were clearly present in only one species (Procambarus clarkii). Serotonin acts as a neuromodulator of rhythms produced by circuits in the crab and lobster stomatogastric ganglion, and is likely to play a similar role in crayfish. Differences are apparent in the distribution of serotonin among crayfish species and between crayfish and other crustaceans, and could result in differences in the physiological action of this modulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051259
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  • 85
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    Ultrastructure and distribution dynamics of chloride cells in tilapia larvae in fresh water and sea water (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Chloride cells (mitochondria-rich cells) ; Teleost larvae ; Osmoregulation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quantification ; Ultrastructure ; Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Integumental and branchial chloride cells of tilapia larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus) were studied at the light-microscopical and ultrastructural level. Total numbers and distribution of chloride cells were quantified after immunostaining of cross sections of the entire larvae with an antibody against the α-subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase. The majority (66%) of Na+/K+-ATPase-immunoreactive (ir) cells, i.e. chloride cells, of freshwater tilapia larvae were located extrabranchially up to 48 h after hatching. Five days after hatching, the majority (80%) of chloride cells were found in the buccal cavity. Transfer of 24-h-old larvae to 20% sea water speeded up this process; 24 h after transfer (i.e. 48 h after hatching), the majority (59%) of chloride cells were located in the buccal cavity. The branchial chloride cell population of 24-h- and 120-h-old larvae consisted of immature, mature, apoptotic and necrotic chloride cells. However, relatively more immature chloride cells were observed in freshwater larvae (42–63%) than in (previously studied) freshwater adults (21%), illustrating the developmental state of the gills. After transfer to sea water, the incidence of degenerative chloride cells did not change. Furthermore, the incidence of immature cells had decreased and a new subtype of chloride cells, the ”mitochondria-poor” cells, appeared more frequently. These mitochondria-poor chloride cells were characterised by an abundant tubular system and relatively few mitochondria, which were aligned at the border or concentrated in one part of the cytoplasm. Most of these cells did not contact the water. The function of their enhanced appearance after seawater transfer is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051339
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of leech excitatory peptide, a member of the GGNG peptides, in the central nervous system of a leech (Whitmania pigra) by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Leech excitatory peptide ; Neuropeptide ; Whitmania pigra (Annelida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We have recently isolated a myoactive peptide, called leech excitatory peptide, belonging to the GGNG peptide family from two species of leeches, Hirudo nipponia and Whitmania pigra. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were employed to localize leech excitatory peptide-like peptide(s) and its gene expression in the central nervous system of W. pigra. A pair of neuronal somata were stained by both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in the supraesophageal, subesophageal, and segmental ganglia. In addition, several other neurons showed positive signals by either immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in these ganglia. An immunoreactive fiber was observed to run in the anterior root of segmental ganglion 6, which is known to send axons to the sexual organs, though we failed to detect immunoreactivity in possible target tissues. Antiserum specificity was established by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different leech excitatory peptide-related peptides. Leech excitatory peptide elicited muscular contraction of isolated preparations of penis and intestine at concentrations of 10–8 M. These results suggest that leech excitatory peptide is a neuropeptide modulating neuromuscular transmission in multiple systems, including regulation of reproductive behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051343
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential distribution of somatostatin sst2 receptor splice variants in rat gastric mucosa (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Acid release ; Stomach ; Antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The tetradecapeptide somatostatin (SRIF) has an inhibitory action on acid secretion in the stomach. It has been suggested that somatostatin may act directly on parietal cells as well as indirectly via histamine-producing cells. A family of high affinity membrane-bound receptors, which are termed sst1–sst5 receptors, mediates the physiological effects of somatostatin. On the basis of functional studies it has been suggested that somatostatin may mediate its actions in the stomach by activation of a somatostatin sst2 receptor type. Two splice variants of the rat sst2 receptor exist, sst2(a) and sst2(b), which differ in length and composition of their intracellular carboxy termini. To date, little information is available on the distribution of the somatostatin sst2(b) receptor in any peripheral tissue. Here we show for the first time the localisation of this receptor isoform in the rat oxyntic mucosa, where the receptor protein was found to be present in parietal cells. This is in contrast to sst2(a) receptor, which was localised to enterochromaffin-like cells and nerve fibres. The differential localisation of the receptor isoforms to two key cell types, parietal cells and enterochromaffin-like cells, may explain how somatostatin inhibits acid secretion by more than one mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051344
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  • 88
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    Cellular localization and distribution of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity and the expression of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA in rat pituitary gland (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Pituitary ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By means of double immunohistochemical techniques and a nonradioisotopic in situ hybridization method, we determined the colocalization pattern of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and pituitary hormones and the GR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the pituitaries of Wistar adult male rats. Immunoreactivity for GR was detected in the nuclei of cells in the anterior and posterior pituitary. Double immunohistochemistry revealed that the colocaliza- tion of GR and anterior pituitary hormones occurred in almost 99% of the growth hormone (GH)-producing cells and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing cells, and in 67% of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing cells. Almost all of the folliculostellate cells (93%), marginal layer cells (94%) in the anterior pituitary, and pituicytes (96%) in the posterior pituitary immunostained for S100 protein antibody were also immunostained with GR. GR mRNA was abundant in the cytoplasm of anterior and intermediate pituitary cells but scattered sparsely in that of the posterior pituitary. These results suggest that glucocorticoids directly influence certain pituitary cells in order to regulate cell function, including the synthesis and/or secretion of hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051226
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranuclear inclusions of meningioma associated with abnormal cytoskeletal protein expression (1999)
    Springer
    Brain tumor pathology 16 (1999), S. 86-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1861-387X
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Intranuclear inclusion ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Intermediate filament
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case of meningothelial meningioma with a large number of intranuclear inclusions. Morphologically, these are divided into cytoplasmic inclusions and nuclear vacuoles. The cytoplasmic inclusion has a limiting membrane with cell organelles and filaments. Inclusions of this type are generally eosinophilic, like the cytoplasm. However, there are many inclusions that are more eosinophilic than the cytoplasm or that have a ground-glass appearance. Some of them may contain fine or coarse granules. On the other hand, the nuclear vacuole lacks a limiting membrane and appears empty. In most of the inclusions of this type, there is a faintly basophilic substance in the margin. Generally, the cytoplasmic inclusions are as immunopositive as cytoplasm with vimentin, but some of these cytoplasmic inclusions are more reactive. Under the electron microscope, abnormal aggregation of intermediate filaments is recognized in the cytoplasmic inclusions. It is considered that a strong reaction of cytoplasmic inclusions with vimentin immunostaining is due to abnormal aggregation of intermediate filaments. The present study distinctly demonstrates abnormal localization of intermediate filaments in the cytoplasmic inclusions, and it is suggested that the cytoskeleton participates in the evolution of the cytoplasmic inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02478908
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of tryptophan hydroxylase and serotonin in the rodent Harderian gland (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Harderian gland ; Tryptophan hydroxylase ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar) ; Syrian hamster ; Mesocricetus auratus ; Djungarian hamster ; Phodopus sungorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The Harderian gland is considered as being an extrapineal source of melatonin. In most rodents, the Harderian gland contains two epithelial cell types (I and II). The aim of this study has been to define which cell type is involved in indoleamine synthesis. The presence and localization of serotonin (melatonin precursor) and tryptophan hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin synthesis) have been investigated by immunohistochemistry in male Wistar rats, Syrian hamsters and Djungarian hamsters. The results of the present study show that immunoreactivity for tryptophan hydroxylase and serotonin is confined to the type I cell, suggesting that this cell type is involved in indoleamine synthesis in the rodent Harderian gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051312
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  • 91
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    Differential expression of nitric oxide synthases in EGF-responsive mouse neural precursor cells (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide synthase isoforms I ; III ; Neurosphere ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nestin ; Embryonic brain striatum ; Mouse (Balb/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous, radical molecule that plays a role in various physiological processes in the nervous system such as learning and hippocampal plasticity. It is generated from l-arginine by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which come in three isoforms depending on the tissue of origin, namely inducible-NOS (iNOS in macrophages), endothelial-NOS (eNOS in endothelial cells) and neural-NOS (nNOS in neural cells). We used epidermal growth factor (EGF)-responsive nestin-positive neural precursor cells originating from the mouse E16 embryonic striatum, and studied the relative expression of NOS isoforms probed with isoform-specific antibody using the avidin-biotin immunohistochemical method. Our data revealed both nNOS and eNOS to be expressed in both neurospheres and desegregated neural precursor cells. However, iNOS signals were virtually undetectable in both cell categories. When the neural precursor cells were carried in the presence of poly-l-ornithine (PLO), there was a strong induction of the expression of iNOS proteins, indicating the possibility that this isoform is amenable to modulation by extracellular cues. These preliminary results suggest both nNOS and eNOS to be important in the physiology of neural precursor cells, and that iNOS might also play a role at certain stages in the life of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051309
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
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    Differentiation of pinopsin-immunoreactive cells in the developing quail pineal organ: an in-vivo and in-vitro immunohistochemical study (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 667-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Avian pineal organ ; Pinopsin ; Cell differentiation ; Tissue culture ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quail embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The avian pineal organ contains several types of photoreceptors with different photopigments: rhodopsin, iodopsin, and pinopsin. We have previously examined the differentiation of both rhodopsin-like and iodopsin-like immunoreactive cells during pineal development in quail embryos to determine the onset of synthesis of specific proteins and their cellular localization. In the present study, we have performed pinopsin immunohistochemistry on in-vivo developing and in-vitro cultured pineal organs of quail embryos. The results were compared with those obtained with rhodopsin and iodopsin immunohistochemistry. In the developing pineal organs, pinopsin immunoreactivity was detected at embryonic day 8, i.e. five days earlier than rhodopsin-like and iodopsin-like immunoreactivities. It was localized exclusively in the protrusions extending into the lumen throughout development, whereas rhodopsin-like and iodopsin-like immunoreactivities were usually found both in cell bodies and processes. These differences were also observed under two different types of culture conditions (dissociated cell culture and organ culture) indicating that, in the avian pineal organ, the expression pattern of the pinopsin gene is basically different from those of the other two pineal photopigments. The present study suggests that pineal cells have a mechanism for the polarized transport of pinopsin molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051326
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Elongated pericyte-like cells connect discrete capillaries in the cochlear stria vascularis of gerbils and rats (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Basal lamina ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal laser microscopy ; Cochlea ; Mongolian gerbil ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Bridging structures between discrete capillaries in the stria vascularis of the cochlea were studied morphologically in gerbils and rats. Serial thin sections for transmission electron microscopy revealed (1) that elongated cells surrounded by the basal lamina provided the structural basis for the bridging structure, (2) that the basal lamina surrounding the elongated cell extended to the basal lamina around the capillary endothelial cell, (3) that the electron density of the cytoplasm was similar to that of the pericytes around the capillaries, and (4) that the cell was attached to the capillaries at both ends only. Visualization of the basal lamina by immunofluorescent methods revealed (1) that capillaries were often bent at the site of attachment of the bridging cell, (2) that the bridging cell bifurcated occasionally, and (3) that the density of the bridging cell was much higher in the stria vascularis than in the underlying spiral ligament. Filamentous actin visualized by fluorescent phalloidin was not apparent in the bridging cell. We propose that the bridging cell provides mechanical strength to the tortuous capillary network in the stria vascularis and participates in the specific function of the stria vascularis in cooperation with other types of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051327
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  • 94
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    Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors during embryonic implantation in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Vascular endothelial growth factor ; flt-1 ; flk-1 ; Embryonic implantation ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction ; Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) and its receptors (flt-1 and flk-1) during the peri-implantation period (days 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 post coitus) in the golden hamster was investigated by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and the reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Three days after mating, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining revealed weak VEGF expression only in the uterine epithelium; this expression was similar to that seen at oestrus. Flt-1 but no flk-1 immunoreactivity was observed. At day 4, the subepithelial stroma and embryo displayed immunoreactivity for VEGF and flt-1, whereas endothelial cells expressed both flt-1 and flk-1. At day 5, immunoreactivity for both VEGF and its receptors was detected in decidual cells and vascular endothelial cells. Only a few embryonic cells expressed VEGF mRNA but strong signals were noted in decidual cells. The patterns of VEGF and VEGF receptor expression were the same in the day-6 and day-7 embryos and decidua, except for an increase in intensity as development progressed. Based on these findings, we conclude that, in addition to its known actions on endometrial angiogenesis and tissue swelling, VEGF may also facilitate the proliferation and differentiation of the endometrium and help to sustain the avascular embryo during this early stage of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051294
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of hyaluronic acid and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor in mice (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 587-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Hyaluronic acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor ; Localization ; Mouse (CD-1)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The direct interaction of hyaluronic acid (HA) and heavy chain (HC) of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family plays a critical role in the organization and stabilization of the extracellular matrix. The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the distribution of the IαI HC and HA in adult mouse tissues. An immunohistochemical method using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against mouse IαI heavy-chain peptide and a specific probe for HA (biotinylated HA-binding protein) was used to demonstrate an immunolocalization of IαI HC and HA. Distribution and localization of HA was of three types, namely, colocalization with IαI HC itself (cartilaginous tissue and ovary), localization around IαI HC immunostaining (lung, intestine and skeletal muscle), and localization at a small distance from IαI HC or a different distribution pattern (brain, liver, skin and kidney). These results indicate that IαI HC could function as an HA-rich matrix stabilizer on the cells of cartilage and maturing ovary, in which IαI HC shows colocalization with its predominant ligand, HA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051320
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  • 96
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    The antisecretory factor: synthesis and intracellular localisation in porcine tissues (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 607-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Gastrointestinal tract ; Respiratory tract ; Urogenital tract ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; mRNA ; Pig (Swedish Landrace × Yorkshire)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The antisecretory factor, AF, is a 41-kDa protein, cloned and sequenced from a human pituitary library. AF is a potent inhibitor of experimental intestinal hypersecretion in rats and pigs. An antiserum against the C-terminal of the truncated, recombinantly produced AF protein was raised in rabbits. The affinity-purified antiserum was used to study the expression of AF in mucosal membranes and in the pituitary gland of the pig; distinctly stained cells were found in lymphoid cells in the connective tissue of all parts of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts. Cytoplasmic AF was demonstrated in endocrine and epithelial cells in the pituitary gland. In situ hybridisation with a digoxigenin-labelled mRNA probe also demonstrated specific cytoplasmic staining in epithelial and lymphoid cells in all of these tissues. The cells stained by either method were similarly distributed topographically within the tissues. The results suggest that a specific defined cell population in these various tissues possesses the capability of both synthesising and storing the AF protein within the cellular cytoplasmic compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051322
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  • 97
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    Nitric oxide synthase in the gastrointestinal tract of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 433-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enteric nervous system ; Crocodylus porosus (Crocodilia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerve cells in the gastrointestinal tract of a reptile and to compare it with the pattern in other vertebrate classes. In the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, NOS-positive nerve cell bodies and fibres were found in all regions of the gut examined. Most myenteric microganglia contained one or several NOS-immunoreactive neurons together with unlabelled neurons. The majority of the neurons were multipolar, ranging from 10 to 25 µm in diameter. Both the circular and the longitudinal muscle layers were innervated by NOS-immunoreactive nerve fibres, which mostly ran parallel to the muscle fibres. In addition, small blood vessels in the submucosa and on the serosal surface of the gut were innervated by NOS-immunoreactive fibres. Double labelling with antisera to NOS and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) revealed three neuronal subpopulations. A small proportion of the NOS-immunoreactive cells also contained immunoreactivity to VIP while a majority of the VIP-immunoreactive cells were NOS immunoreactive. There were more nerve fibres showing VIP immunoreactivity than fibres with NOS immunoreactivity, although most of the latter also contained immunoreactivity to VIP. VIP-immunoreactive fibres often surrounded the NOS-immunoreactive nerve cells. These results suggest that neuronally released nitric oxide is likely to be involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility in the crocodile as in most other vertebrate species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051303
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Der weite Weg der europäischen Waldbäume (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Die heutigen Wälder, die man in Europa vorfindet, waren nicht immer dort. VOr 22000 Jahren - im Hochglazial - gab es nur im Mittelmeergebiet die klimatischen Voraussetzungen für das Wachstum von Bäumen. Allerdings waren dies meist keine dichten Wälder, sondern Steppen mit einzelnen Baumgruppen. Das bedeutet jedoch, daß die heute in Europa wachasenden Bäume während der letzten 12000 Jahre - also seit dem Ende der letzten Eiszeit - nach Mittel- und Nordeuropa eingewandert sein müssen. Am Beispiel der Waldbäume Eiche (Quercus), Hainbuche (Carpinus), Fichtet (Picea) und Tanne (Abies) soll diese Einwanderung aufgezeigt werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.960290104
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Et in scientia ego! Von ästhetischen Momenten und Poetischen Potentialen der WissenschaftHans-Günter Gassen zum 60. Geburtstag (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 6-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Irgendwie wird niemand mehr richtig glücklich mit der Wissenschaft, so erfolgreich sie auch ist und so sehr unsere alltäglichen Verrichtungen von ihren Ergebnissen und Lieferungen auch abhängen. Das Verständnis der öffentlichen Beobachter nimmt trotz aller Bemühungen nicht zu, sondern ab, und die professionellen Betreiber sehen sich unentwegt nach ihrer Verantwortung gefragt und in ethische Debatten verstrickt. Die ursprüngliche Idee, daß Wissenschaft nur gut sein kann, hat massiv an Überzseugungskraft verloren, und dieser Verlust tritt deshalb besonders deutlich hervor, weil man spürt, wie die alte Basis der Rationalität brüchig geworden ist, ohne einen neuen Grund zu erkennen, auf den man in Zukunft bauen kann. Dabei übersehen wir ein Fundament, auf dem Menschen immer schon gestanden haben und zu dem sie also auch zu jeder Zeit wieder zurückkommen können.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.960290103
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aus der Redaktion (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 55-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.960290109
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