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  • 1975-1979  (4,369)
  • Organic Chemistry  (3,423)
  • Engineering General  (946)
  • 101
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Metal Complexes, XV1,2). - Anisotropy Effects in the 1H-NMR Spectra of Metal Chelates of 3-Mesitylacetylacetone, IIThe 1H-NMR spectra of the complexes derived from 3-mesitylacetylacetone and Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Rh, Ti, Zr, Th, Mo show chemical shift differences between their o-and p-methyl signals of Δδ = 0.11 - 0.23 ppm. They do not therefore possess magnetic anisotropies in the chelate rings comparable with those in benzene. The bonding character of these complexes, as well as those derived from Ag, Co, (Hg), Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, V and Ce is discussed with regard to their IR spectra.
    Notes: Die 1H-NMR-Spektren der Bis(3-mesitylacetylacetonato)-Komplexe von Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Rh, Ti, Zr, Th, Mo zeigen durch die Verschiebungsdifferenzen Δδ = 0.11 - 0.23 ppm der o- und p-Methylsignale, daß die Chelatringe keine mit dem Benzol vergleichbare magnetische Anisotropie besitzen. An Hand der IR-Spektren dieser und weiterer Komplexe mit Ag, Co, (Hg), Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, V und Ce wird der Bindungscharakter diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 796-802 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Course of the Reaction between Olefins and Thallium(III) Acetate-Trimethylsilyl AzideThe 1-aziridinylazothallium compounds 2a-2c, prepared by treating the olefins 1a-1c with Tl(OCOCH3)3-n(N3)n, react with acyl halides or hexafluoroacetic anhydride to form the corresponding trans-1-azido-2-halocyclohexanes 3f and 3g and the trans-2-azidocyclohexanetrifluoro-acetates 3a-3e in high yields. The thermally induced decomposition of 2b and 2c affords the original olefins 1b and 1c, respectively, via a cheletropic fragmentation reaction. The resulting by-products of this reaction are the trans-1,2-diazido compounds 3h and 3i. In contrast to the spectroscopic data the chemical transformations provide a persuasive proof of the proposed structure of 2a - 2c. A neighbouring group effect of the azide group of the primary intermediates formed by a trans-addition of Tl(OCOCH3)2-n(N3)n+ and N3- is assumed to be the driving force for production of 2a-2c.The 1H-NMR spectra of the complexes derived from 3-mesitylacetylacetone and Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Rh, Ti, Zr, Th, Mo show chemical shift differences between their o-and p-methyl signals of = 0.11 - 0.23 ppm. They do not therefore possess magnetic anisotropies in the chelate rings comparable with those in benzene. The bonding character of these complexes, as well as those derived from Ag, Co, (Hg), Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, V and Ce is discussed with regard to their IR spectra.
    Notes: Die aus Tl(OCOCH3)3-n(N3)n und einfachen, flexiblen Olefinen 1a-1c erhaltenen 1-Aziridinyl-azothallium-Verbindungen 2a-2c liefern mit Säurehalogeniden oder Hexafluoressigsäureanhydrid in Lösung die entsprechenden trans-1-Azido-2-halogencyclohexane 3f und 3g sowie trans-2-Azidocyclohexyl-trifluoracetate 3a-3e in hohen Ausbeuten. Bei der thermischen Zersetzung der Thallium-Addukte 2b und 2c entstehen durch cheletropen Zerfall die Ausgangsolefine. Als Nebenprodukte treten die trans-Diazide 3h und 3i auf. Umsetzungen bestätigen die Struktur dieser spektroskopisch nur schlecht charakterisierbaren Addukte 2a-2c. Als Bildungsmechanismus wird eine durch trans-Anlagerung von Tl(OCOCH3)2-n(N3)n+und N-entstandene Vorstufe postuliert, welche in einer Nachbargruppenreaktion in 2a-2c übergeht.Die 1H-NMR-Spektren der Bis(3-mesitylacetylacetonato)-Komplexe von Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Rh, Ti, Zr, Th, Mo zeigen durch die Verschiebungsdifferenzen = 0.11 - 0.23 ppm der o- und p-Methylsignale, daß die Chelatringe keine mit dem Benzol vergleichbare magnetische Anisotropie besitzen. An Hand der IR-Spektren dieser und weiterer Komplexe mit Ag, Co, (Hg), Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, V und Ce wird der Bindungscharakter diskutiert.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 842-857 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Aryl- and Heteroaryl-trimethylsilanes - Scope of “in situ” Grignard SynthesisAryl and heteroaryl halides react upon heating with magnesium and chlorotrimethylsilane in hexamethyl phosphoric triamide to give aryl and heteroaryl trimethylsilanes in good yields. The advantage of the “in situ” Grignard synthesis over other methods is demonstrated. The scope and limit of this synthesis is investigated for variously substituted aryl compounds and various hetero-cyclic systems.
    Notes: Aryl- und Heteroarylhalogenide reagieren beim Erwärmen mit Magnesium und Chlortrimethylsilan in Hexamethylphoshorsäuretriamid in guten Ausbeuten zu Aryl- und Heteroaryltrimethylsilanen. Die Vorteile dieser „in-situ“-Grignard-Synthese gegenüber anderen Verfahren werden be-schrieben, Anwendungsbreite und Grenzen dieser Methode bei verschieden substituierten Aroma-ten sowie unterschiedlichen Heterocyclen untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 886-898 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [2.2](2,7)Pyrenophane as an Excimer Model: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2118-2120 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Note on Oligo Ethylene Glycol Ethers of MorphineThe open chain oligo ethylene glycol ethers 4, 5 with two morphine terminal groups have been synthesized and investigated regarding their complex formation. With Ca(SCN)2 · 4 H2O complexes are formed, whose stoichiometry is unclear as yet. The analogous reaction of morphine with 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine (6) led to the by-product 8 and to small amounts of the diether 7.
    Notes: Die offenkettigen Oligoethylenglykolether 4, 5 mit zwei Morphin-Endgruppen wurden synthetisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Komplexbildung untersucht. Mit Ca(SCN)2 · 4 H2O werden Komplexe gebildet, deren Stöchiometrie unklar ist. Die analoge Umsetzung von Morphin mit 2,6-Bis(brommethyl)pyridin (6) führte zum Zwischenprodukt 8 und zu geringen Mengen des Diethers 7.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1122-1124 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyanide Ions with α,β-Unsaturated Esters, III. - A New Synthesis of the Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane SystemReaction of sodium cyanide on diethyl 2,6-dimethyleneheptanedioate (1) yields ethyl 7-cyano-6-oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylate (2) by double ring closure. 6-Oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-carboxylic acid (4) and its methyl ester 5 were synthesized from 2. Reaction of 2 with chlorotri-methylsilane yields the enol ether 3.
    Notes: Einwirkung von Natriumcyanid auf 2,6-Dimethylenheptandisäure-diethylester (1) ergibt durch doppelten Ringschluß 7-Cyan-6-oxobicycio[3.2.1]octan-1-carbonsäure-ethylester (2). Aus 2 ent-steht 6-Oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-carbonsäure (4) und deren Methylester 5. Reaktion von 2 mit Chlortrimethylsilan liefert den Enolether 3.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1130-1136 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Mesoionic 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazine 2,2-DioxidesMesoionic 2,1,3-benzothiadiazine 2,2-dioxides 5 are spontaneously formed by reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (2) with N-alkylamidosulfonylchlorides with loss of methanol. Structure investigations by spectroscopic methods - especially X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - reveal a positive charge localised at the N3 atom. - By contrast 2 and isocyanates react via stable ureas 8 to give quaternary quinazolinones 9, wich could not be deprotonated to their mesoionic analogs 7.
    Notes: Die mesoionischen 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazin-2,2-dioxide 5 warden spontan aus 2-Aminobenzalde-hyd-dimethylacetal (2) und N-Alkylamidosulfonylchloriden unter CH3OH-Abspaltung erhalten. Strukturuntersuchungen mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Methoden - insbesondere der Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie - zeigen eine Lokalisierung der positiven Ladung am N3-Atom. - Dagegen bilden 2 und Isocyanate über die Stufe der stabilen Harnstoffe 8 quartäre Chinazolinone 9, bei denen eine Deprotonierung zu ihren mesoionischen Analogen 7 nicht möglich ist.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1173-1188 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Peptide Syntheses with the 2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl Thiol Protecting GroupThe addition of cysteine and its derivatives to β-nitrostyrene yields products useful for conventional peptide synthesis and for syntheses on solid or liquid polymeric supports. The resulting thiol bound 2-nitro-1-phenylethyl (Npe) residue remains stable under the conditions commonly used for the acidolytic cleavage of protecting groups. It can be splitt off under such mild basic conditions that ester bonds are not cleaved. The applicability of the S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl) protection is shown on the synthesis of the antibiotic tripeptide S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteinyl-alanyl-alanin and on a synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione was also obtained by the liquid-phase method starting with polyoxyethylene bound glycine followed by stepwise coupling of tf-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-5-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteine and Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid-α-ethyl ester. Furthermore the syntheses of polymer bound β-nitrostyrenes on the basis of polystyrene/divinylbenzene and on polyoxyethylene yielded products useful for addition reactions with the thiol groups of cysteine peptides or any other thiols in aqueous media. Thus cysteine peptides can be removed selectively by reversible addition from peptide mixtures.
    Notes: Die Addition von Cystein an β-Nitrostyrol und dessen Derivate führt zu Produkten, die in der konventionellen Peptidsynthese, sowie bei Synthesen am festen oder flüssigen polymeren Trägern eingesetzt werden können. Der dabei resultierende thiolgebundene 2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl-Rest (Npe) ist unter den acidolytischen Abspaltungsbedingungen für die üblicherweise verwendeten Schutzgruppen stabil. Er läßt sich mit Basen so selektiv wieder abspalten, daß Esterbindungen erhalten bleiben. Die Anwendung des S-(2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl)-Schutzes wird an Hand der Synthese des antibiotisch wirksamen Tripeptids S-(2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteinyl-alanyl-alanin und einer Glutathion-Synthese aufgezeigt. Ferner wird, ausgehend von Polyoxyethylen-gebundenem Glycin, durch schrittweisen Anbau von Nα-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cystein und Nα-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutaminsäure-α-ethylester, Glutathion auch mit der Liquid-Phase-Methode erhalten. Die Synthese von polymergebundenen β-Nitrostyrolen auf Basis von Polystyrol/Divinylbenzol und an Polyoxyethylen führt zu Produkten, die es erlauben, Additionen der Thiolgruppe von Cysteinpeptiden oder anderer Thiole in wäßriger Lösung durchzuführen. Dies eröffnet z. B. die Möglichkeit aus einem Peptidgemisch cysteinhaltige Peptide einfach und spezifisch durch reversible Addition zu entfernen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1205-1211 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of 3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylene)diphenols1-Chloro-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)propane 5 was converted by C-C coupling in to a mixture of dia-stereomeric 3,4-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)hexanes 6, which could be separated by crystallization into the meso- and rac-compounds 6a and 6b, respectively. After ether cleavage meso-3,3′-(1,2-di-ethylethylene)diphenol and rac-3,3′-(1,2-diethylethylene)diphenol (2a and 2b) were obtained; the latter was resolved via the diastereomeric (+)- and (-)-3,3′-(1,2-diethylethylene)diphenyl-3,4-bis[3-D-(+)-3-bromo-2-oxo-8-bonanylsulfonates] (7) into (+)-3,3′-(1,2-diethylethylene)diphenol and (-)-3,3′-(1,2-diethylethylene)diphenol [(+)-2b and (-)-2b]. The absolute configuration of the optical enantiomers could be established by means of oxidative degradation of (+)-2b.
    Notes: Aus 1-Chlor-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)propan (5) wurde durch C-C-Verknüpfung das Diastereomerenpaar 3,4-Bis(3-methoxyphenyl)hexan 6 erhalten. Durch Kristallisation konnten hieraus die meso- und die rac-Verbindungen 6a bzw. 6b isoliert warden. Die Spaltung der Ether führte zu meso-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenol und rac-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenol (2a bzw. 2b). Verbindung 2b wurde über die diastereomeren (+)- und (-)-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenyl-3,4-bis[3-D-(+)-3-brom-2-oxo-8-bornanylsulfonate] (7) in (+)-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenol und (-)-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenol [(+)-2b bzw. (-)-2b] aufgetrennt. Die absolute Konfiguration der optischen Antipoden wurde durch oxidativen Abbau von (+)-2b ermittelt.
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1258-1269 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron-Donor-Acceptor Compounds, XXI. - Intramolecular Quinhydrones with [2.2.2.2](1,2,4,5)Cyclophane Structure
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1271-1279 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bicyclic Compounds of the Thiazole and Isothiazole Series3-Aminothiazolo[4,5-c]isothiazoles 3a - c were synthesized from 4-aminothiazole-5-thiocarboxamides 2a - c by oxidative ring closure. 3-Amino-6-bromothieno[2′,3′:5,4]thieno[3,2-c]isothiazole (3d) and 3,6-diaminoisothiazolo[3″,4″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:5,4]thieno[3,2-c]isothiazole (3e) were obtained in a similar manner. A new synthetic route leading to derivatives of 2,5-diaminothiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (e. g. 12) from 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole has been found.
    Notes: 3-Aminothiazolo[4,5-c]isothiazole 3a - c wurden aus 4-Aminothiazol-5-thiocarboxamiden 2a - c durch oxidativen Ringschluß hergestellt. In gleicher Weise konnten 3-Amino-6-bromthieno[2′,3′:5,4]thieno[3,2-c]isothiazol (3d) und 3,Diminoisothiazolo[3″,4″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:5,4]thieno[3,2-c]isothiazol(3e) gewonnen werden. Ein neuer Weg zu Derivaten des 2,5-Diaminothiazolo[5,4-d]thiazols (z. B. 12) wurde, ausgehend von 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazol, gefunden.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1346-1353 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XXVIII1). - Investigations in the Series of Amide Derivatives of Orthooxalic Acid, ITrimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (2a) alkylates N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyloxamide (4) at one carbonyl oxygen to form dimethylamino(dimethylaminocarbonyl)methoxycarbenium tetrafluoroborate (5a) which reacts with dimethylamine to give bis(dimethylamino)(dimethylaminocarbonyl)carbenium tetrafluoroborate (7). Compound 7 is only incompletely alkylated by additional 2a. N,N-Dialkyl(triethoxy)acetamides 12, which can be prepared from ethyl triethoxyacetate (11) and dialkylamines in the presence of catalytic amounts of metallic sodium, react on degradation of the ortho ester function with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (2b) to yield (dialkylamino)ethoxy(ethoxycarbonyl)carbenium tetrafluoroborates 14a-c. Only triethoxyacetpyrrolidide (12b) reacts with 2b to form ethoxy(1-pyrrolidinyl)(triethoxymethyl)carbenium tetrafluoroborate (13a). On treatment with sodium methoxide, the salts 14a, b furnish the amide derivatives 17a, b of semiorthooxalic acid. In an analogous way the pyrrolidide derivative 18 of bis(ortho)oxalic acid has been prepared from 13a and sodium ethoxide.
    Notes: N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyloxamid (4) wird durch Trimethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat (2a) an einem Carbonylsauerstoff alkyliert. Das dabei entstehende Dimethylamino(dimethylaminocarbonyl) methoxycarbenium-tetrafluoroborat (5a) setzt sich mit Dimethylamin zu Bis(dimethylamino)(dimethylaminocarbonyl)carbenium-tetrafluoroborat (7) um, das durch weiteres Oxoniumsalz 2a nur noch unvollständig alkyliert wird. Die N,N-Dialkyl(triethoxy)essigsäureamide 12, die aus Triethoxyessigsäure-ethylester (11) und sekundären Aminen in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Natrium zugänglich sind, setzen sich mit Triethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat (2b) unter Abbau der Orthoesterfunktion um zu den (Dialkylamino)ethoxy(ethoxycarbonyl)carbenium-tetrafluoroboraten 14a - c. Nur Triethoxyessigsäurepyrrolidid (12b) konnte mit 2b in Ethoxy(1-pyrrolidinyl)(triethoxymethyl)carbenium-tetrafluoroborat (13a) übergeführt werden. Die Salze 14a, b reagieren mit Natriummethylat zu den Amidderivaten 17a, b der Semiorthooxalsäure. Bei der analogen Umsetzung von 13a mit Natriumethylat wurde das Pyrrolididderivat 18 der Bis(ortho)oxalsäure erhalten.
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1354-1361 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XXIX. - Investigations in the Series of Amide Derivatives of Orthooxalic Acid, IIEthoxy(1-pyrrolidinyl)(triethoxymethyl)carbenium tetrafluoroborate (3) reacts with sodium cyanide to give 2,3,3,3-tetraethoxy-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propiononitrile (4a) which is converted by pyrrolidine into a mixture of the nitriles 4b and 4c separable by distillation. On reacting with alcoholate the nitrile group of 4a-c is substituted to form the new bis(ortho)oxalic acid derivatives 5a-c. From trichloroacetonitrile the N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituted trichloroacetamidinium salts 11 are prepared via the amidines 8 and 10. Compound 11a is cleaved by sodium methoxide to form tetramethylurea, whereas sodium cyanide reacts with 11a to give 3,3,3-trichloro-2,2-bis(dimethylamino)propiononitrile (15) The reaction of 15 with sodium ethoxide yields 2,2-dichloro-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,1-ethylenediamine (18).
    Notes: Ethoxy(1-pyrrolidinyl)(triethoxymethyl)carbenium-tetrafluoroborat (3) setzt sich mit Natriumcyanid zum 2,3,3,3-Tetraethoxy-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propiononitril (4a) um. Dieses reagiert mit Pyrrolidin zu einem destillativ trennbaren Gemisch der Nitrile 4b und 4c. In 4a-c läßt sich die Nitrilgruppe bei der Umsetzung mit Alkoholat substituieren, was zur Bildung der neuen Bis(ortho)oxalsäurederivate 5a-c führt. Aus Trichloracetonitril werden über die Amidine 8 und 10 die N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituierten Trichloracetamidinium-tetrafluoroborate 11 erhalten. 11a wird durch Natriummethylat in Tetramethylharnstoff gespalten. Dagegen setzt sich 11a mit Natriumcyanid zum 3,3,3-Trichlor-2,2-bis(dimethylamino)propiononitril (15) um, das mit Natriumethanolat zu 2,2-Dichlor-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-l,1-ethylendiamin (18) reagiert.
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with α-Metalated Isocyanides, XLII. - Bi-, Ter-, and Quateroxazoles from α-Anionized Isocyanides and Acylating Agents; α-Amino Ketones and α,α′-Diamino KetonesThe 5,5′-bioxazoles 7 and the quateroxazole 15 have been obtained from oxalic acid derivatives 6 with anionized isocyanides 2a-d and with anionized methyl 5-(isocyanomethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (5b), respectively. The ester 5b reacts with acylating reagents (type 3) to give the oxazoles 10. The teroxazole 12 has been synthesized from dimethyl oxazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (5a) and lithiobenzyl isocyanide (2b); the oxazole-4-carboxylates 5a, d-I have been obtained from acylimidazolides (type 3) and the isocyanoacetates 1c or d in the presence of triethylamine. - Terephthaldiimidazolide has been condensed (in the presence of triethylamine) with methyl isocyanoacetate (1c) or methyl 5-(isocyanomethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (5b) to give the 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(oxazole)dicarboxylates 17 and 18, respectively. Acidic hydrolysis of the oxazole-4-carboxylates 5i or 5j and of the 5-(isocyanomethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate 5c furnishes (on decarboxylation) the aminomethyl ketones 21a or b and α,α′-diaminoacetone (21c). The ester 5b has been alkylated at the methylene position to yield compounds 22 which gave the αaminoalkyl aminomethyl ketones 21d - g on acidic hydrolysis.
    Notes: Aus den Oxalsäurederivaten 6 wurden mit den anionisierten Isocyaniden 2a - d die 5,5′-Bioxazole 7 und mit dem anionisierten 5-(Isocyanmethyl)oxazol-4-carbonsäure-methylester (5b) das Quaterazol 15 erhalten. Der Ester 5b lieferte mit Acylierungsmitteln (Typ 3) die 4,5′-Bioxazole 10. - Aus Oxazol-4,5-dicarbonsäure-dimethylester (5a) synthetisierte man mit Lithiobenzylisocyanid (2b) das Teroxazol 12, aus Acylimidazoliden (Typ 3) und den Isocyanessigsäureestern 1 c oder d (in Gegenwart von Triethylamin) die Oxazol-4-carbonsäureester 5 a, d-l. - Terephthalsäurediimidazolid ließ sich mit Isocyanessigsäure-methylester (1c) oder mit 5-(Isocyanmethyl)oxazol-4-carbonsäure-methylester (5b) (in Gegenwart von Triethylamin) zu den 5,5′-(1,4-Phenylen)bis(oxazol)dicarbonsäureestern 17 und 18 kondensieren. - Saure Hydrolyse der Oxazol-4-carbonsäureester 5i und j sowie des 5-(Isocyanmethyl)oxazol-4-carbonsäureesters 5c lieferte (unter Decarboxylierung) die Aminomethylketone 21a und b bzw. α,α′-Diaminoaceton (21 c). Der Ester 5b wurde an der Methylengruppe alkyliert und die Verbindungen 22 zu den (α-Aminoalkyl)(aminomethyl)ketonen 21d-g hydrolysiert.
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  • 116
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1406-1425 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cycloadditions with Dipolar Intermediates, II. - Dipolar Products from AllenecarboxylatesThe allenecarboxylates 2c-c, and in some cases also the allenetri- and allenedicarboxylates 2d and 2e, f react with phosphanes, pyridines, and nucleophilic carbenes or their precursors to give the dipolar 1:1 adducts 10, 11 and 16,18, 20, respectively. These “carbene allene dipoles” represent stable derivatives of trimethylenemethane.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 117
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1443-1443 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Note on the Synthesis of Benzo[α]fluorantheneCyclodehydrogenation of 9-phenylanthracene (1) by platinum gives benzo[α]fluoranthene (2).
    Notes: Benzo[α]fluoranthen (2) wird aus 9-Phenylanthracen (1) durch Cyclodehydrierung mit Platin erhalten.
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  • 118
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Knowledge of the Corrin Chromophore, V1). - Note on the Ozonolytic Fragmentation of Dicyano-10-bromocobyrinic Heptamethyl EsterReaction of dicyano-10-bromocobyrinic heptamethyl ester (1) with 2 equivalents of ozone at - 78°C in methyl acetate and subsequent reductive work up yield the A/D and B/C fragments 4 and 6, respectively.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Dicyano-10-bromcobyrinsäure-heptamethylester (1) mit 2 Äquivalenten Ozon bei - 78°C in Methylacetat führt nach reduktiver Aufarbeitung zu den A/D- und B/C-Fragmenten 4 bzw. 6.
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  • 119
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1447-1455 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Reactions of N,N-Bis(halomethyl)carboxamidesN,N-Bis(chloromethyl)carboxamides 6 are formed by reaction of thionyl chloride with mixtures of carboxamides 1 and twofold molar amounts of formaldehyde. They are also accessible via radical chlorination of N,N-dimethylcarboxamides 3, by cleavage of hexamethylenetetramine (8) with acyl chlorides and from reactions of N-(chloromethyl)carbimidoyls chlorides 4 with formaldehyde in the presence of Lewis acids. N,N-Bis(bromomethyl)benzamide (18a) may be obtained by reaction of N-(bromomethyl)- or N-(chloromethyl)benzamide (15a or 15b) with phosphorus(V) bromide and of 15a with phosphorus(V) chloride.  -  Spectroscopic properties and further reactions of the compounds are described.
    Notes: N,N-Bis(chlormethyl)carbonsäureamide 6 entstehen durch Einwirkung von Thionylchlorid auf Gemische von Carbonsäureamiden 1 und der doppelt molaren Menge Formaldehyd. Sie sind auch durch radikalische Chlorierung von N,N-Dimethylcarbonsäureamiden 3 zugänglich sowie durch Spaltung von Hexamethylentetramin (8) mit Carbonsäurechloriden oder durch Umsetzung von N-(Chlormethyl)carbimidoylchloriden 4 mit Formaldehyd in Gegenwart von Lewis-Säuren. N,N-Bis(brommethyl)benzamid (18a) entsteht nicht nur durch Einwirkung von Phosphor(V)-bromid auf N-(Brommethyl)- oder N-(Chlormethyl)benzamid (15a bzw. 15b) sondern auch von Phosphor(V)-chlorid auf 15a  -  Spektroskopische Eigenschaften und einige Umsetzungen der erhaltenen Verbindungen werden beschrieben.
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  • 120
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1473-1482 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoelectron Spectra and Conformations of Peroxides and OzonidesThe splitting Δε of the first two ionization potentials of peroxides can be related to the O - O-torsional angle ϕ by the equation Δε = 2.08 cos ϕ + 0.15 (eV) The photoelectron spectra of the acyclic or cyclic peroxides 1 - 10, of the 1,2,4,5-tetroxanes 12 and 13, and of the ozonides 14 - 16 have been interpreted with regard to gas phase conformations.
    Notes: Die Aufspaltung Δε der ersten beiden Ionisationspotentiale von Peroxiden läßt sich mit dem O  -  O-Torsionswinkel ϕ über die Beziehung Δε = 2.08 cos ϕ + 0.15 (eV) korrelieren. Die Photoelektronenspektren der acyclischen und cyclischen Peroxide 1 - 10, der 1,2,4,5-Tetroxane 12 und 13 sowie der Ozonide 14 - 16 wurden hinsichtlich der in der Gasphase vorliegenden Konformeren ausgewertet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 121
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metabolites of Microorganisms, 182.  -  Structure Elucidation of the Nucleoside Antibiotic Nikkomycin XIn addition to the previously described nikkomycin Z, the structure of which could be confirmed, a new chitin synthase inhibiting component, nikkomycin X, could be isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces tendae. Nikkomycin X is a structural isomer of nikkomycin Z and contains a 4-formyl-4-imidazolin-2-one unit instead of uracil. The structure was established by spectroscopic methods, chemical degradation and partial synthesis. Biological activity and antibiotic spectra of the two nikkomycins are similar.
    Notes: Neben dem bereits früher beschriebenen Nikkomycin Z, dessen Struktur bestätigt werden konnte, wurde aus dem Kulturfiltrat von Streptomyces tendae eine weitere die Chitinsynthase hemmende Komponente, Nikkomycin X, isoliert, die mit Nikkomycin Z strukturisomer ist, aber anstelle von Uracil 4-Formyl-4-imidazolin-2-on enthält. Die Struktur wurde mit spektroskopischen Methoden, durch chemischen Abbau und durch Teilsynthesen bewiesen. Die biologischen Aktivitäten und die Wirkungsspektren der beiden Nikkomycine sind ähnlich.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 122
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1534-1546 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Reactions of 4-Aminoisothiazolesα-(Tosyloximino)nitriles 2 react with the thiols 1 having an active methylene group in one or two steps via α-(alkylthioimino)nitriles 3 to yield the substituted 4-aminoisothiazoles 4. 4-Aminoisothiazoles unsubstituted at the 5-position are obtainable by decarboxylation; 4-aminoisothiazole-3-carboxylic acid (7) affords 4-(acetylamino)isothiazole (8). From 4 are synthesized the substituted isothiazolo[4,3-d]triazinones 9, the isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidones and isothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidones 10, 11 and isothiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines 12
    Notes: α-(Tosyloximino)nitrile 2 reagieren mit den methylenaktiven Thiolen 1 in ein oder zwei Stufen über die α-(Alkylthioimino)nitrile 3 zu den substituierten 4-Aminoisothiazolen 4. 4-Amino-isothiazole mit freier 5-Stellung sind durch Decarboxylierung erhältlich; 4-(Acetylamino)isothiazol (8) entsteht aus 4-Aminoisothiazol-3-carbonsäure (7). Aus 4 werden die substituierten Isothiazolo[4,3-d]triazinone 9, Isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidone und -[4,5-d]pyrimidone 10 bzw. 11, sowie Isothiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine 12 gewonnen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 123
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1547-1553 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Carboxyl Group Activated, α-Functionalized, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, I.  -  A New Route to N-Pyruvoyl Amino Acid Methyl EstersOn photolysis in the presence of bromine, or on heating with sulfuryl chloride, 2,2-bis(trifluoro-methyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-ones 1 were transformed into 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-ones 2. 4-Alkyl-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-ones 2b, c are obtained on treatment of 2a with diazoalkanes. Compounds 2 are carbonyl group protected, carboxyl group activated, α-oxo acid derivatives; the reaction of 4-methyl-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-on (2b) with amino acid methyl esters affords a facile new route to N-pyruvoyl amino acid methyl esters 7.
    Notes: 2,2-Bis (trifluormethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-one 1 liefern bei der Belichtung in Gegenwart von Brom oder beim Erhitzen mit Sulfurylchlorid 2,2-Bis(trifluormethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-one 2. Die 4-Alkyl-2,2-bis(trifluormethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-one 2b, c werden aus 2a und Diazoalkanen erhalten. Die Verbindungen 2 stellen Carbonylgruppen-geschützte, Carboxylgruppen-aktivierte α-Oxosäure-Derivate dar; die Umsetzung von 4-Methyl-2,2-bis(trifluormethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-on (2b) mit Aminosäure-methylestern bietet einen neuen einfachen Zugang zu N-Pyruvoylaminosäure-methylestern 7.
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  • 124
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1689-1695 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyclobutenediones, LV1). - Reaction of 4-Bromo-3-phenylcyclobutene-1,2-diones with Sulfur Compounds4-Bromo-3-phenylcyclobutene-1,2-dione (1b) reacts with thioureas 3a-c to give the thiouronium salts 4a-c; the free base 5 was prepared from 4a. Dithiocarbamates 6a-f react with 1b to give the substitution products 9a-f. Xanthogenates react with 1b to give the O-alkyl (2,3-dioxo-4-phenylcyclobutenylthio)thioformates 12 and with S-potassium O-ethyl thiocarbonate to yield 13.
    Notes: 4-Brom-3-phenylcyclobuten-1,2-dion (1b) reagiert mit den Thioharnstoffen 3a-c zu den Thiouroniumsalzen 4a-c; aus 4a wird die freie Base 5 dargestellt. Mit Dithiocarbamaten 6a-f setzt sich 1b zu den Substitutionsprodukten 9a-f um, mit Xanthogenaten zu den (2,3-Dioxo-4-phenylcyclobutenylthio)thioameisensäure-O-alkylestern 12 und mit S-Kalium-O-ethyl(thiocarbonat) zu 13.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1696-1701 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Enehydrazines, 271). - Some Stable Monomethylhydrazones of Dialkyl OxalacetatesThe title compounds 2b-d - intermediates in the cyclization reaction of the dialkyl 2-(1-methylhydrazino)maleates 1b-d to give the alkyl 5-hydroxy-3-pyrazolecarboxylates 3b-d - are trapped and isolated in crystalline form. This was not possible with the dimethyl and diallyl esters 2a and 2e. Hydrolysis of 1b and 1c gives the corresponding oxalacetates 4.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen 2b-d - Zwischenstufen bei der Cyclisierung der 2-(1-Methylhydrazino)maleinsäure-dialkylester 1b-d zu den 5-Hydroxy-3-pyrazolcarbonsäureestern 3b-d - werden abgefangen und in kristalliner Form isoliert. Beim Dimethyl- und beim Diallylester 2a bzw. 2e gelang dies nicht. Die Hydrolyse von 1b und 1c führt zu den entsprechenden Oxalessigsäureestern 4.
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  • 126
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thioketene Syntheses, IV1). - Thioketenes from 5-Alkyl- or 5-Heterosubstituted 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles; Indications for the Participation of ThiirenesThe flash thermolysis of the thiadiazoles 3a-i yields the thioketenes 7a-f which can be characterized spectroscopically. However, the cyanothioketenes 7g, h can only be detected by the trapping reaction to give the thioamides 8. Irregularities in the migratory aptitudes of R2 in the Wolfftype rearrangement of the primary fragments 4 indicate that thiirenes 5 participate in the formation of the thioketenes 7.
    Notes: Die Blitzthermolyse der Thiadiazole 3a-i führt zu den Thioketenen 7a-f, die sich spektroskopisch charakterisieren lassen. Die Cyanthioketene 7g, h lassen sich dagegen nur durch die Abfangreaktion zu den Thioamiden 8 nachweisen. Unregelmäßigkeiten in der Wanderungstendenz von R2 in der Wolff-analogen Umlagerung der Primärfragmente 4 deuten auf die Beteiligung von Thiirenen 5 an der Thioketenbildung.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1715-1733 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thioketene Syntheses, III1). - Reactions of Phosphonate Carbanions with Carbon DisulfideThe α-monosubstituted phosphonate carbanions 2 react with carbon disulfide (3) via the primary adducts 4 to give the 1,1-alkenedithiolates 6, which can be characterized by alkylation, oxidation, protonation, and phosgenation to afford the phosphono compounds 7-11. The dithietanones 11 give reactions typical of thioketenes. The α,α-disubstituted phosphonate carbanions 15 add to 3 to furnish the salts 16 which, like 4, show no tendency to give thioketenes in a Horner reaction. Alkylation of 16 yields the phosphono-substituted dithio esters 18. Similarly, 15e and carbonyl sulfide (24) afford the S-alkyl thiocarboxylates 26 via the anions 25, and the reaction with the isocyanates or isothiocyanates 28 furnishes the amides and thioamides 30, respectively, via 29. On heating, the anion 29a forms the alkoxyketenimine 31 giving the first example for the olefination of a heterocumulene by way of a Horner reaction.
    Notes: Die α-monosubstituierten Phosphonat-Carbanionen 2 reagieren mit Kohlenstoffdisulfid (3) über die Primäraddukte 4 zu den 1,1-Alkendithiolaten 6, die sich durch Alkylierung, Oxidation, Protonierung sowie Phosgenierung zu den Phosphonoverbindungen 7-11 charakterisieren lassen. Die Dithietanone 11 geben für Thioketene typische Reaktionen. Die α,α-disubstituierten Phosphonat-Carbanionen 15 setzen sich mit 3 zu den Salzen 16 um, die wie 4 keinerlei Tendenz zur Thioketen-Bildung in einer Horner-Reaktion zeigen. Durch Alkylierung werden aus 16 die phosphonosubstituierten Dithioester 18 zugänglich. Ähnlich entstehen aus 15c und Carbonylsulfid (24) über das Anion 25 die S-(Alkyl)thiosäureester 26 und mit Isocyanaten oder Isothiocyanaten 28 über 29 die Amide bzw. Thioamide 30. Das Anion 29a gibt in der Wärme mit der Bildung des Alkoxyketenimins 31 das erste Beispiel für die Olefinierung eines Heterokumulens nach Horner.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1756-1767 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Azoles with Inorganic Acid ChloridesTwo methods of preparing 1-imidazolyl derivatives 3 are compared: reaction of 1) imidazole (2) and of 2) 1-(trimethylsilyl)imidazole (4) with inorganic acid chlorides 1. - Phosgene (1a) reacts with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (3a) to give imidazole-1-carbonyl chloride (5). Depending on the azolyl group and reaction conditions, treatment of N-(trimethylsilyl)azoles with (chlorocarbonyl)-sulfenyl chloride (13) furnishes the carbonylsulfenyl compounds 16a, 17a, 18a and the carbonyl compounds 3a, 7a or mixtures of the two (18a, b). On elimination of sulfur, the carbonylsulfenyl compounds yield the corresponding carbonyl derivatives 16b, 17b, 18b.
    Notes: Zwei Verfahren zur Darstellung der 1-Imidazolylderivate 3 werden miteinander verglichen: die Umsetzung von 1) Imidazol (2) und 2) 1-(Trimethylsilyl)imidazol (4) mit den anorganischen Säurechloriden 1. - Phosgen (1a) reagiert mit 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazol (3a) zum Imidazol-1-carbonsäurechlorid (5). Aus N-(Trimethylsilyl)azolen erhält man mit (Chlorcarbonyl)sulfenylchlorid (13) - abhängig vom Azolylrest und den Reaktionsbedingungen - die Carbonylsulfenylverbindungen 16a, 17a, 18a und die Carbonylverbindungen 3a, 7a oder Gemische aus beiden (18a, b). Die Carbonylsulfenylverbindungen gehen unter Schwefelabspaltung in die entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen 16b, 17b, 18b über.
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  • 129
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1768-1784 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of 3-Thietanones from α,α′-Dibromo Ketones and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide and Their Ring Cleavage2,4-Dimethyl-, 2,2,4-trimethyl-, and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanone have been synthesized in good yields by the title reaction. The unsubstituted 3-thietanone and its 2-methyl derivative could not be obtained from the corresponding dibromo ketones. The tendency to form thietanones is proportional to the degree of methyl substitution, thus representing a further example of the “gem-effect”. Apart from polycondensates α,α-dimercapto ketones are formed as competing products, which can be dehydrogenated at the sulfur atom to give 1,2-dithiolan-4-ones. The thietanone ring is cleaved by attack of hydrogen sulfide ion. A redox reaction produces α-mercapto ketones and elemental sulfur, which can undergo further reactions.
    Notes: Mit der Titelreaktion ließen sich 2,4-Dimethyl-, 2,2,4-Trimethyl- und 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-3-thietanone in guten Ausbeuten synthetisieren. Das unsubstituierte 3-Thietanon und sein 2-Methylderivat konnten aus den entsprechenden Dibromketonen nicht erhalten werden. Die mit steigender Methylsubstitution erhöhte Bildungstendenz der Thietanone ist ein weiteres Beispiel für den “gem-Effekt”. Als Konkurrenzprodukte bilden sich neben Polykondensaten α,α′-Dimercaptoketone, welche zu 1,2-Dithiolan-4-onen dehydriert werden können. 3-Thietanone werden von Hydrogensulfid am Schwefel angegriffen; in einer Redoxreaktion entstehen unter Ringöffnung α-Mercaptoketone und elementarer Schwefel, die sich weiter umsetzen können.
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  • 130
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterocyclic 12-π-and 14-π-Systems, 371). - Reactivity of 2,3-Diethoxy(thiapseudophenalenium) Tetrafluoroborate and Syntheses of Corresponding Fulvenes2).Reaction of 2,3-Diethoxynaphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenium tetrafluoroborate (1) with the N-nucleophiles 2a-2d yields the 2-arylimino-3-ethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenes 3a-3d. Compound 1 reacts with fluorenone hydrazone and hydrazone to give the azines 4 and 5, with the C-nucleophiles indan-1,3-dione, barbituric acid, and 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene to give the thiapseudophenafulvenes 6, 7, and 8. Treatment of 1 with N,N-dimethylaniline affords the salt 9, and with 2,6-dimethylaniline the imonium salt 10a. From 2-chloro-3H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophen-3-one (11) and N-nucleophiles the 3-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenimino derivatives 12a - 12c have been obtained. 12c yields with Co(II) acetate and Ni(II) acetate the complexes 13a and 13b, respectively.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von 2,3-Diethoxynaphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenium-tetrafluoroborat (1) mit den N-Nucleophilen 2a-2d ergibt die 3-Arylimino-3-ethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophene 3a-3d. Aus 1 entstehen mit Fluorenonhydrazon und Hydrazin die Azine 4 bzw. 5. Mit den C-Nucleophilen Indan-1,3-dion, Barbitursäure und 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorcyclopentadien werden die Thiapseudophenafulvene 6, 7 und 8 erhalten. 1 geht mit N,N-Dimethylanilin in das Salz 9 über und mit 2,6-Dimethylanilin in das Imoniumsalz 10a. 2-Chlor-3H-naphtho[1,3-bc]thiophen-3-on (11) bildet mit N-Nucleophilen die 3-Hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenimino-Derivate 12a - 12c. von denen 12c mit Co(II)-acetat sowie Ni(II)-acetat in die Molekülkomplexe 13a und 13b übergeht.
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  • 131
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1828-1846 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: (Aminoethynyl)metallations, 61). - Reactions of (Silylethynyl)-and (Germylethynyl)amines with KetoketenesThe β-silylated and β-germylated ynamines 1 add the ketoketenes 2 to give preferentially the (3-siloxy- and (3-germyloxy-3-alken-1-ynyl)amines 4, respectively. By-products are the cycloadducts 5i and j and the C-silylated acylynamine 6k. Acid hydrolysis of 4a-f affords the 3-siloxy-3-butenamides 9, the acetoamides 10, and - in few cases - the cyclization products 12; base hydrolysis furnishes acylynamines, e.g. 13. Reaction of 4d with the sulfonyl azides 7 via diazo compounds 15 gives on elimination of nitrogen and intramolecular migration of oxygen the 2-oxo-3-siloxy-N2-sulfinyl-3-butenamidines 16. Ketenes react with the enynamines 4 to yield cyclobutenones of type 17.
    Notes: Die β-silylierten und β-germylierten Inamine 1 addieren die Ketoketene 2 bevorzugt zu den (3-Siloxy- bzw. (3-Germyloxy-3-alken-1-inyl)aminen 4. Nebenprodukte sind die Cycloaddukte 5i und 5j sowie das C-silylierte Acylinamin 6k. Bei der sauren Hydrolyse von 4a-f erhält man die 3-Siloxy-3-butenamide 9, die Acetoacetamide 10 und in einigen Fällen die Cyclisierungsprodukte 12; die basische Hydrolyse liefert Acylinamine wie 13. Das Eninamin 4d reagiert mit Sulfonylaziden 7 über die Diazoverbindungen 15 unter Stickstoffabspaltung und intramolekularer Sauerstoffverschiebung zu den 2-Oxo-3-siloxy-N2-sulfinyl-3-butenamidinen 16. Mit Ketenen liefern die Eninamine 4 Cyclobutenone vom Typ 17.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 132
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Purines, XIII1). - Simplified Syntheses of 7-Methyl- and 1,7-Dimethyl-xanthines and -uric AcidsThe facile nucleophilic substitution of the halogen atom in 6-amino-1-benzyl-5-bromouracil (2) by the methylamino group to give 6-amino-1-benzyl-5-(methylamino)uracil (3) opens a new route for the synthesis of 7-methylxanthines (12-15) and 7-methyluric acids (16-19). The 1-benzyl group acts as a necessary blocking group in the substitution reaction and can be removed from the pyrimidine intermediate by catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/C in aqueous ammonia to yield the 5-formyl- (4, 6) and 5-ethoxycarbonyl derivatives (5, 7). Debenzylation of the xanthine (12, 13) and uric acid derivatives (16, 17) could not be achieved. Cyclization of the 6-amino-5-(N-formyl-N-methylamino)uracils (8, 10) to give 7-methyl- (14) and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (15) requires additional activation by POCl3 in DMF, and vigorous conditions are likewise necessary for the formation of the 7-methyl- (18) and 1,7-dimethyl uric acid (19) from the 5-(N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methylamino) derivatives (9, 11) by treatment with sodium alkoxide at 200-250°C.
    Notes: Die leichte nucleophile Substituierbarkeit des Halogenatoms im 6-Amino-1-benzyl-5-bromuracil (2) durch die Methylaminogruppe zum 6-Amino-1-benzyl-5-(methylamino)uracil (3) wird zur Synthese von 7-Methylxanthinen (12-15) und 7-Methylharnsäuren (16-19) ausgenutzt. Der 1-Benzylrest dient als notwendige Schutzgruppe für die Substitutionsreaktion und kann auf der Pyrimidinstufe bei den 5-Formyl- (4, 6) und 5-Ethoxycarbonyl-Derivaten (5, 7) durch Hydrierung mit Pd/C-Katalysator in ammoniakalischer Lösung sehr leicht abgespalten werden. Die Entbenzylierung der Xanthin- (12, 13) und Harnsäure-Derivate (16, 17) gelingt nicht. Die Ringschlußreaktion der 6-Amino-5-(N-formyl-N-methylamino)uracile (8, 10) zum 7-Methyl- (14) und 1,7-Dimethylxanthin (15) erfordert zusätzliche Aktivierung durch POCl3 in DMF, und entsprechend energische Bedingungen sind für die Cyclisierung der 5-(N-Ethoxycarbonyl-N-methylamino)-Derivate (9, 11) zu 7-Methyl- (18) und 1,7-Dimethylharnsäure (19) mit Natriumalkoholaten bei 200-250°C notwendig.
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  • 133
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nucleosides, XXXI1). - Synthesis and Properties of 1,2- and 2,6-N-Polymethylene-bridged AdenosinesTreatment of 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carbonitrile (1) with various cyclic imido esters 3-8 in boiling butanol leads, depending on the ring-size of the reagent, to 1,2- and 2,6-N-polymethyleneadenosines 9-11 and 14-16, respectively. The latter type of compounds results from a Dimroth rearrangement of the initially formed 1,2-bridged adenosines. The influence of ring-size on the Dimroth rearrangement is apparent from alkali treatment of 9 and 10: no isomerization occurs but hydrolysis instead gives the corresponding inosine derivatives 12 and 13. The compounds have been characterized by UV spectra and pKa values. The different, structurally determined protonation sites in the cation forms were established by 13C-NMR studies.
    Notes: Die Umsetzungen des 5-Amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazol-4-carbonitrils (1) mit den verschiedenen cyclischen Imidoestern 3-8 in siedendem Butanol führt in Abhängigkeit von der Ringgliederzahl des Agens zu 1,2- bzw. 2,6-N-Polymethylenadenosinen 9-11 bzw. 14-16, von denen letzterer Verbindungstyp im Sinne einer Dimroth-Umlagerung aus den primär gebildeten 1,2-überbrückten Adenosinen gebildet wird. Der Einfluß der Ringgröße auf die Dimroth-Umlagerung wird aus der Alkali-Behandlung von 9 und 10 ersichtlich, die keine Isomerisierung, sondern Verseifung zu den Inosin-Derivaten 12 und 13 zeigt. Die Verbindungen werden durch UV-Spektren und pKa-Werte charakterisiert und die strukturbedingten unterschiedlichen Protonierungsstellen in den Kation-Formen durch13C-NMR-Studien festgelegt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 134
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 5,5-Disubstituted 1,3-Cyclopentadienes via Cyclization of 3,3-Dialkylglutaric Esters or Ring Expansion of 3,4-DichlorocyclobuteneThe synthesis of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (1a) by cyclization of 3,3-dimethylglutaric esters 2 has been improved and applied to the preparation of 5,5-diethyl-, 5-ethyl-5-methyl-, and 5-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (1b, 1c, and 1d). A novel synthesis of 5,5-dialkyl substituted cyclopentadienes 1 by ring expansion of 3,4-dichlorocyclobutene (9) with diazoalkanes 10a-c via the 2,3-dichlorobicyclopentanes 13 or 14 offers easier access to these hydrocarbons. The formation of 5,5-dialkylbicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-enes 8 on dehalogenation of the dihalogen compounds 13 or 14 could not be demonstrated neither at low temperatures nor by use of metal carbonyls as dehalogenating agents. Dehalogenation leads directly to the cyclopentadiene system.
    Notes: Die bekannte Synthese von 5,5-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclopentadien (1a) durch Cyclisierung von 3,3-Dimethylglutarsäureestern 2 wurde verbessert und auf die Darstellung von 5,5-Diethyl-, 5-Ethyl-5-methyl- und 5-Methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-cyclopentadien (1b, 1c und 11d) übertragen. Eine neue Synthese 5,5-disubstituierter 1,3-Cyclopentadiene 1 durch Ringerweiterung des 3,4-Dichlorcyclobutens (9) mit Diazoalkanen 10a-c über die 2,3-Dichlorbicyclopentane 13 oder 14 ermöglicht einen wesentlich kürzeren Zugang zu diesen Kohlenwasserstoffen. Die Bildung von 5,5-Dialkylbicyclo-[2.1.0]pent-2-enen 8 bei der Dehalogenierung der Dihalogenverbindungen 13 oder 14 konnte weder bei tiefer Temperatur noch bei Einsatz von Metallcarbonylen als Dehalogenierungsmittel nachgewiesen werden. Die Dehalogenierung führt direkt zum Cyclopentadiensystem.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 135
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1925-1927 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Note on a Simple Variant of Hofmann EliminationQuaternary ammonium salts with different anions undergo Hofmann elimination in high yields on heating with alkali hydroxides in polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
    Notes: Quartäre Ammoniumsalze mit verschiedenen Anionen erleiden Hofmann-Eliminierung in hohen Ausbeuten beim Erhitzen mit Alkalihydroxiden in Polyethylenglykolmonomethylether.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 136
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 137
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1931-1944 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: ESR Studies in the Thioamide Series, VI.  -  Radical Anions of N,N-Dialkylbenzamides, -thiobenzamides, and -selenobenzamidesRadical anions of the title compounds 1-9 were generated by in-situ electroreduction and studied by ESR spectroscopy. Earlier assignments and interpretations of hfs splittings are partly revised. The radical anions of benzamides exhibit nonequivalency of the respective ortho and meta position in contrast to the higher homologues. - It is shown, that CSNR2 and CSeNR2 groups withdraw a great deal of spin density from the aromatic ring and are thus comparable with the nitro group.
    Notes: Durch in-situ-Elektroreduktion erzeugte Radikalanionen von Benzamiden 1-3, Thiobenzamiden 4-6 und Selenobenzamiden 7-9 werden ESR-spektroskopisch untersucht (Abbildungen 1 - 4). Dabei werden frühere Zuordnungen und Interpretationen von Hyperfeinstruktur-Aufspaltungen teilweise revidiert. Bei den Benzamid-Radikalanionen besteht bei Raumtemperatur Nichtäquivalenz der jeweiligen ortho- und meta-Positionen, bei den höheren Homologen dagegen nicht.  -  Es wird gezeigt, daß die CSNR2- und CSeNR2-Gruppen als Substituenten in aromatischen Radikalanionen dem Benzolring viel Spindichte entziehen und in dieser Hinsicht der Nitrogruppe ähneln.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 138
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1952-1959 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Course of the Catalytical Hydrogenation of Cinnamonitrile with Raney-Nickel in Presence of Sulfuric acidCinnamonitrile (1) can be hydrogenated selectively with Raney-Nickel in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid and, depending upon the solvent used, into the corresponding aldehyde 2 without attack at the C=C-bond.  -  With other solvents either 3-phenylpropanal (4) or 3-phenylpropanol (5) is formed.
    Notes: Zimtsäurenitril (1) läßt sich mit Raney-Nickel in Gegenwart konzentrierter Schwefelsäure und abhängig vom verwendeten organischen Lösungsmittel selektiv unter Erhalt der C=C-Bindung zum entsprechenden Aldehyd 2 hydrieren.  -  Mit anderen Lösungsmitteln entsteht entweder 3-Phenylpropanal (4) oder 3-Phenylpropanol (5).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 139
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1977-1991 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: α-Oxosulfones, 2.  -  Synthesis of α-Oxosulfones by OzonolysisThe hitherto unknown α-oxosulfones 2 have been synthesized by ozonolytic cleavage of α-diazosulfones 1 (method A) or α-(methoxymethylene)sulfones 6 (method B).
    Notes: Durch Ozonspaltung von α-Diazosulfonen 1 (Methode A) oder von α-(Methoxymethylen)sulfonen 6 (Methode B) in aprotischem Medium werden bisher nicht bekannte α-Oxosulfone 2 hergestellt.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 140
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1969-1976 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermally Unstable Allenes, XI.  -  Trichloroallenecarbonitrile and TrichloroallenecarboxamideThe synthesis of the thermally unstable title compounds 3 and 8 starting from the 2-hydroxy nitriles 1a, b via the nitriles 2a, b and the amide 5a is described. Dimerization of the allenes 3 and 8 occurs rapidly at room temperature giving 6 and 9, respectively. The amide 5a is available from the corresponding acid chloride, only when an excess of ammonia is meticulously avoided. Otherwise the allene 8 is formed, which rapidly adds ammonia. The resulting primary enamine 10 is very stable. Hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid leads to the β-oxocarboxamide 13. The ketoenol equilibrium 13 ⇌ 14 was characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Die Synthese der im Titel genannten thermisch instabilen Allene 3 und 8 aus den 2-Hydroxynitrilen 1a, b über die Nitrile 2a, b und das Amid 5a wird beschrieben. 3 und 8 dimerisieren bei Raumtemperatur rasch zu 6 bzw. 9. Das Amid 5a ist aus dem zugehörigen Säurechlorid nur zugänglich, wenn ein Ammoniaküberschuß peinlich vermieden wird. Andernfalls entsteht das Allen 8, das sehr rasch Ammoniak addiert. Das so erhaltene primäre Enamin 10 ist sehr stabil. Seine Hydrolyse mit Salzsäure liefert das β-Oxocarbonsäureamid 13. Das Keto-Enol-Gleichgewicht 13 ⇌ 14 wurde 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert.
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  • 141
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2011-2017 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthetic Anthracyclinones, XI.  -  Synthesis of 4-Deoxy-β1-rhodomycinone by Intramolecular Marschalk ReactionThe intramolecular Marschalk reaction of the aldehyde 6 yields 4-deoxy-β1-rhodomycinone (7a) and the corresponding cis-diol 8a in high yield.
    Notes: Die intramolekulare Marschalk-Reaktion des Aldehyds 6 liefert in hohen Ausbeuten 4-Desoxy-β1-rhodomycinon (7a) und das entsprechende cis-Diol 8a.
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  • 142
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2018-2027 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthetic Anthracyclinones, XII.  -  Total Synthesis of rac-β1-RhodomycinoneThe BF3 catalysed Diels-Alder reaction of isoprene with 15 proceeds regioselectively at room temperature to give the desired adduct 17; at 40°C the by-products 21 and 22 are formed. 17 is transformed into β1-rhodomycinone (2a) by retrodiene reaction to 8, simultanous isomerization and ether cleavage to 12, epoxidation of 12 followed by opening of the epoxide 26 with sodium acetate and saponification.
    Notes: Die BF3-katalysierte Diels-Alder-Reaktion von Isopren mit 15 verläuft bei Raumtemperatur regioselektiv zugunsten des Addukts 17; bei 40°C werden die Nebenprodukte 21 und 22 gebildet. 17 wird durch Retrodienreaktion in 8, durch gleichzeitige Isomerisierung und Etherspaltung in 12 übergeführt. Epoxidierung von 12 zu 26, dessen Ringöffnung mit Natriumacetat und nachfolgende Verseifung führen zu β1-Rhodomycinon (2a).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 143
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2036-2042 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: α-Oxocarbene-Oxirene Isomerization; Photolysis of [1-12C]-1-Diazo-2-propanone and [1-13C]-2-DiazopropanalThe mutual interconversion of acetylcarbene (10) and formyl(methyl)carbene (12) via methyloxirene (11) is investigated by photochemical nitrogen elimination from [1-12C]-1-diazo-2-propanone (8) and [1-13C]-2-diazopropanal (9). As concluded from the labelling distribution in the photolysis products of 8 and 9, the Wolff rearrangement proceeds in both cases predominantly from formyl-(methyl)carbene (12).
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der photochemischen Stickstoff-Abspaltung aus [1-12C]-1-Diazo-2-propanon (8) und [1-13C]-2-Diazopropanal (9) wird die wechselseitige Umwandlung von Acetylcarben (10) und Formyl(methyl)carben (12) über Methyloxiren (11) untersucht. Aus der Markierungsverteilung in den Photolyseprodukten von 8 und 9 folgt, daß in beiden Fällen die Wolff-Umlagerung überwiegend vom Formyl(methyl)carben (12) ausgeht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 144
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2043-2056 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Photochemistry, XXXIV.  -  S-Esters of Thiophencarbothioic Acids. Synthons for Thienothiochromones and ThienoazathiochromonesOn UV irradiation in benzene S-aryl esters 4c - e, 9a - c of 3-bromothiophen-2- and thiophen-3-carbothioic acid yield thienobenzothiopyranones 7 and 11, respectively. The corresponding S-pyridyl esters 4f, g, 9e, f of these thiophencarbothioic acids give the thienothiopyranopyridinones 8a, b and 14a, b, respectively, which are new heterocyclic ring systems. - The constitutional requirements for the formation of these heterocycles by photocyclization via thiolester-thiopyrone-transformation are discussed. Only 9a photocyclizes in a twofold manner with formation of thienobenzothiopyranone 11a and thienothiocoumarin 12. - Compound 12, thiophen-2-carbaldehyde 5c, and S-ester 6 are products of intra- or intermolecular aromatic photosubstitutions of halogen by phenyl. - The majority of S-esters 4 and 9 also yield thiophenecarbaldehydes 5 or 10, respectively, which can even be main products of the photoreactions.
    Notes: Die S-Arylester 4c - e, 9a - c der 3-Bromthiophen-2-carbonsäuren und Thiophen-3-thiocarbon-säuren liefern bei UV-Bestrahlung in Benzol die Thienobenzothiopyranone 7 bzw. 11. Entsprechend erhält man aus den S-Pyridylestern 4f, g, 9e, f dieser Thiophenthiocarbonsäuren die Thienothiopyranopyridinone 8a, b bzw. 14a, b, die neue heterocyclische Ringsysteme darstellen. - Die konstitutionellen Voraussetzungen für die Bildung dieser Heterocyclen durch Photocyclisierung über Thiolester-Thiopyron-Transformation werden diskutiert. Lediglich 9a photocyclisiert in zweifacher Weise zum Thienobenzothiopyranon 11a und zum Thienothiocumarin 12. - Die Verbindung 12, der Thiophen-2-carbaldehyd 5c und der S-Ester 6 sind Produkte intra- oder inter-molekularer aromatischer Photosubstitutionen von Halogen gegen Phenyl. - Die Mehrzahl der S-Ester 4 und 9 liefern bei UV-Bestrahlung auch die Thiophencarbaldehyde 5 bzw. 10 als Neben-oder Hauptprodukte.
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  • 145
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2089-2095 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XXX.  -  Synthesis of Carbonic Orthoamide Derivatives1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexamethylguanidinium chloride (8b), generated in situ from N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylchloroformamidinium chloride (10a) and dimethylamine, reacts with sodium alkoxides to form alkoxy-N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexamethylmethanetriamines 5a - c. By-products in this synthesis are urea-acetals 3a, b. On treatment with sodium isopropylate the guanidinium salt 8a does not yield any 5c. - Bis(dimethylamino)ethoxycarbenium tetrafluoroborate (9a) and bis(dimethylamino)methoxycarbenium methylsulfate (9b) are converted by dimethylamine to guanidinium salts 8a and 8c, respectively. The action of excessive pyrrolidine on 9a affords tri-1-pyrrolidinylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate (8d).
    Notes: Das in situ aus N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylchlorformamidiniumchlorid (10a) und Dimethylamin erhaltene 1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexamethylguanidiniumchlorid (8b) setzt sich mit Natriumalkoholaten zu den Alkoxy-N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexamethylmethantriaminen 5a - c um, wobei als Nebenprodukte die Harnstoff-acetale 3a, b isoliert werden. Das Guanidiniumsalz 8a reagiert mit Natriumisopropylat nicht zu 5c. - Bis(dimethylamino)ethoxycarbenium-tetrafluoroborat (9a) und Bis(dimethylamino)methoxycarbenium-methylsulfat (9b) reagieren mit Dimethylamin zu den Guanidiniumsalzen 8a bzw. 8c. Aus 9a und überschüssigem Pyrrolidin bildet sich Tri-1-pyrrolidinyl-carbenium-tetrafluoroborat (8d).
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  • 146
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Addition of Organomagnesium Halides to C=C-Bonds, XV.  -  Note on a Regioselective Addition of 2-Butenylmagnesium Chloride to (Perfluorohexyl)ethylene2-Butenylmagnesium chloride (1) adds to (perfluorohexyl)ethylene (2) in such a way that the metal is attached exclusively to the secondary C atom. MgF-elimination transforms the adduct 3 into 6-fluoro-3-methyl-6-(perfluoropentyl)-l,5-hexadiene (4).
    Notes: 2-Butenylmagnesiumchlorid (1) addiert sich an (Perfluorhexyl)ethylen (2) ausschließlich so, daß sich das Metall an das sekundäre C-Atom anlagert. Durch MgF-Eliminierung entsteht aus dem Addukt 3 6-Fluor-3-methyl-6-(perfluorpentyl)-l,5-hexadien (4).
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  • 147
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 148
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Bromoimidoyl ChloridesBy controlled heating in thionyl chloride, the sluggishly reacting 2-bromoamides 6 are converted to the 2-bromoimidoyl chlorides 7 which are isolated in pure form and characterized by their IR, 1H-NMR, and in part by their 13C-NMR spectra. The limitations of the method are traced back to either too low a reactivity of the 2-bromoamides or the thermal decomposition of the formed imidoyl chlorides via the von Braun reaction.
    Notes: Durch kontrolliertes Erhitzen in Thionylchlorid werden die reaktionsträgen 2-Bromamide 6 in die 2-Bromimidoylchloride 7 übergeführt, die rein dargestellt und IR-, 1 H-NMR- und zum Teil auch 13C-NMR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden. Die Grenzen der Methode werden auf zu geringe Reaktivität der 2-Bromamide oder die thermische Zersetzung der gebildeten Imidoylchloride in einer Von-Braun-Reaktion zurückgeführt.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 149
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Hexafluoroacetone Azine, 16.-Synthesis of 1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octa-2,6-dienes, 1,3,5-Triazabicyclo[3.3.0]oca-2,6-dienes and 1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-enes by Mixed „Criss-Cross“ Cycloaddition ReactionThe “criss-cross” cycloaddition reaction of alkynes to azines proceeds via an azomethine imine intermediate. This result opens the way to a new variant of the mixed “criss-cross” cycloaddition reaction. On the basis of the spectral data of the bicyclic systems obtained, the regiochemistry of the two separate cycloaddition steps will be discussed.
    Notes: Die „criss-cross“-Cycloaddition von Alkinen an Azine verläuft über eine Azomethinimin-Zwischenstufe. Dieser Befund macht eine neue Variante der gemischten „criss-cross“-Cycloaddition möglich. Anhand der spektralen Daten der dargestellten bicyclischen Systeme wird die Regiochemie der einzelnen Cycloadditionsschritte diskutiert.
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  • 150
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aliphatic a-Substituted Nitroso Compounds, III. - Photochemistry of 2-Chloro-2-nitroso- and 3-Chloro-3-nitroso-p-methaneThe diastereomeric 2-chloro-2-nitroso- and 3-chloro-3-nitroso-p-menthanes epimerize during photolysis. This result, together with the evaluation of the quantum yields of the photoreactions and the detection of an intermediate aminyl oxide, place our concept of the mechanism of photolysis of geminally substituted nitroso compounds on a firmer footing.The products of the polyphosphoric acid cyclization of the 2-(o-iodophenylacetyl)malonate 3 have been reinvestigated and their structures revised. The reaction proceeds with loss of iodine, presumably forming 7, which is oxidized to 8 (instead of 5) followed by dehydration to 11 (instead of 2) and equilibration to hydroquinone 10 (instead of 6).
    Notes: Die diastereomeren 2-Chlor-2-nitroso- und 3-Chlor-3-nitroso-p-menthane epimerisieren während der Photolyse. Dieses Ergebnis, die Auswertung der Quantenausbeuten der Photoreaktionen und der Nachweis eines intermediären Aminyloxids verfeinern die früheren Aussagen über den Mechanismus der Photolyse von geminal substituierten Nitrosoverbindungen.Die durch Polyphosphorsäure-Cyclisierung des 2-(o-Iodphenylacetyl)malonsäureesters 3 erhaltenen Produkte wurden erneut untersucht und ihre Strukturen korrigiert. Vermutlich ergibt Iodabspaltung zunächst 7, und nachfolgende Oxidation 8 (statt 5). Verbindung 8 wird zu 11 (statt 2) de-hydratisiert. 11 steht mit 10 (statt 6) im Gleichgewicht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 151
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 263-277 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure of Thioamides and Their Derivatives, XLII.-N-(Trimethylsilyl)thioureasThe mono- and disubstituted thioureas 1a-i, 4a-d, and 6 were treated with trimethyl-chlorosilane/triethylamine to give the N-(trimethylsilyl)thioureas 3b-i, 5a-d, and 7a, b. The trisubstituted thiourea 8a and the monosilylated thioureas 3h, 5d, 5g were silylated via metalation with butyllithium and reaction with trimethylchlorosilane. The silylated amines 11a -c were reacted with the isothiocyanates 12a -dto yield the silylated thioureas 5e -g and 9b-e.-The structures of the silylated thioureas, especially N-alkyl- orN-aryl-N-(trimethylsilyl)thioureas, were determined by IR- and 'H-NMR spectroscopy.-The barriers to rotation about the C-N bond were determined.
    Notes: Die mono- und disubstituierten Thioharnstoffe 1b-i, 4a-d und 6 werden mit Trimethylchlorsilan/Triethylamin in die N-(Trimethylsilyl)thioharnstoffe 3b-i, 5a-d bzw. 7a, b überge-fuhrt. Der trisubstituierte Thioharnstoff 8a und die monosilylierten Thioharnstoffe 3h, 5d, 5g werden nach Metallierung mit Butyllithium mit Trimethylchlorsilan silyliert. Die silylierten Amine 11a-c werden mit den Isothiocyanaten 12a-d zu den silylierten Thioharnstoffen 5e-g und 9b -c umgesetzt.-Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der N-Alkyl- oder N-Aryl-N-(trimethylsilyl)thioharnstoffe wird die Struktur der silylierten Thioharnstoffe mit Hilfe von IR-und 1H-NMR-Spektren aufgeklärt.-Die Rotationsbarrieren um die C-N-Bildung wurden bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
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  • 152
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1322-1336 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemistry of α-ThiocarbamoylcarbodiimidesThe dipolar species 2a can be detected in equilibrium with the α-thiocarbamoylcarbodiimide 1a by protonation and reduction to give 3 and 4, respectively. On heating, 1a rearranges to afford the photochromic dipole 7a. In addition to the formation of the derivatives 10 - 13, the molecular structure of 7a was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. In a subsequent rearrangement, 7a isomerizes to give 9a. The α-carbamoylcarbodiimide 21 can be synthesized from the thiourea 20; the course of thiolysis to furnish the urea 24 indicates an equilibrium contribution of the dipolar species 22. The equilibrium compounds 1a, c ⇋ 2a, c undergo 2 + 2 cycloadditions with diphenylketene (25) to yield the four-membered heterocycles 26a and b. The α-carbamoylcarbodiimide 21 reacts with 25 to afford the ß-lactam 30 and the 1:2 adduct 31.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thiocarbonyl Olefination, II. - Some Preparative Uses of the Reaction of N-(Thioacyl)urethanes and their Vinylogues with Resonance-stabilized Phosphorus YlidesIn contrast to the corresponding oxygen analogues, dithioglutarimides and N-(thioacyl)urethanes react readily with resonance-stabilized phosphorus ylides, yielding triphenylphosphane sulfide and forming a C = C bond with the carbon atom of the thiocarbonyl group. Most likely, the mechanism of this reaction parallels that of the Wittig olefination of carbonyl compounds. Under the same conditions, the (6-thioxo-2-piperidinylidene)acetates 2a and 2b react with methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate to yield a mixture of the corresponding bis-enamine 9a or 9b and (3-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridin-6-ylidene)acetate 10a or 10b, respectively.
    Notes: Im Gegensatz zu den entsprechenden Sauerstoff-Analoga reagieren Dithioglutarimide sowie N-(Thioacyl)urethane glatt mit resonanzstabilisierten Phosphor-Yliden unter Abspaltung von Triphenylphosphansulfid und Bildung einer C = C-Bindung mit dem Thiocarbonylkohlenstoffatom. Die Reaktion verläuft höchstwahrscheinlich nach dem Mechanismus der Carbonyl-Olefinierung nach Wittig. Unter den gleichen Bedingungen reagieren die (6-Thioxo-2-piperidinyliden)essigsäureester 2a und b mit (Triphenylphosphoranyliden)essigsäure-methylester unter Bildung eines Gemisches aus dem Bis(enamin) 9a bzw. 9b und dem (3-Oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7hexahydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridin-6-yliden)essigsäureester 10a bzw. 10b. Die Konstitution der letzteren wurde aufgrund spektroskopischer Daten sowie durch Dehydrierung zu den entsprechenden 3-Oxothieno[2,3-b]pyridinderivaten bewiesen. Die Produkte der Reaktion von N-(Thioacyl)urethanen mit (Triphenylphosphoranyliden)essigsäure-ethylester stellen leicht zugängliche Vorläufer von ß-Ketosäureestern dar, die daraus durch säurekatalysierte Hydrolyse hergestellt werden können.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 154
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1362-1369 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Acetalisations with N,N-Dimethylformamide/Dimethyl Sulfate Adduct; Preparation of 1,3-Dioxolanes and 1,3-DioxanesN,N-Dimethylformamide/dimethyl sulfate adduct (4) reacts with carbonyl compounds and 1,2-as well as 1,3-dioles to form 1,3-dioxolanes 5 and 1,3-dioxanes 6, respectively.
    Notes: Das N,N-Dimethylformamid-Dimethylsulfat-Addukt (4) setzt sich mit Carbonylverbindungen (Aldehyden und Ketonen) und 1,2- sowie 1,3-Diolen zu 1,3-Dioxolanen 5 bzw. 1,3-Dioxanen 6 um.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 155
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Seven-Membered Rings by 1,5-Cycloadditions, IV.  -  Reactions with 1,3-Oxazolidines in Presence of Proton AcidsTrifluoroacetic acid transforms 1,3-oxazolidines 1 into the corresponding 1,3-oxazolidinium trifluoroacetates 2 which give bicyclic perhydro-1,4-oxazepines 6 with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran or 1-methoxycyclohexene. Noncyclic 2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-ylmethylamino)ethanol or 2-(2-methoxycyclohexenylmethylamino)ethanol derivatives 7 together with other compounds are formed as by-products. With ethyl vinyl ether or α-methoxystyrene 1,3-oxazolidines 10 react in presence of an equimolar amount of trifluoroacetic acid in a straightforward manner to give 7-alkoxyperhydro-1,4-oxazepines 12.
    Notes: Trifluoressigsäure überführt die 1,3-Oxazolidine 1 in die entsprechenden 1,3-Oxazolidinium-trifluoroacetate 2, die mit 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran oder 1-Methoxycyclohexen die bicyclischen Perhydro-1,4-oxazepine 6 geben. Als Nebenprodukte werden außer anderen Verbindungen die nichtcyclischen 2-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-5-ylmethylamino)ethanol- oder 2-(2-Methoxycyclo-hexenylmethylamino)ethanolderivate 7 gebildet. Mit Ethylvinylether oder α-Methoxystyrol gehen die 1,3-Oxazolidine 10 in glatter Umsetzung in Gegenwart der äquimolaren Menge Trifluoressigsäure in die 7-Alkoxyperhydro-1,4-oxazepine 12 über.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 156
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1509-1517 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanism of the Reaction of 1,1-Diphenylhydrazine with Diethyl Azodicarboxylate.The reaction of 1,1-diphenylhydrazine (1a) with diethyl azodicarboxylate (2a) is a superposition of five mechanisms: A and B) Oxidation of diphenylhydrazine 1a by diethyl azodicarboxylate (2a) to aminonitrene 8; formation of tetrazene 10 either by dimerisation of 8 or by oxidation of tetrazane 11, decomposition of 11 to N2 and diphenylamine.  -  C) Addition of aminonitrene 8 to azodicarboxylate 2a forming aminoazimine 3a; degradation of 3a to urethane 4a and the azidoformate 5a.  -  D) Isomerisation of aminoazimine 3a to 13 and reduction of 13 by 1a to tetrazene 14, decomposition of 14 to diphenylamine and azide 15; degradation of 15 to ethyl cyanate (17) and monoethyl carbonate 18, which yields CO2 and ethanol.  -  E) Reaction of diphenylhydrazine with diethyl azodicarboxylate to 20 and the diimine derivative 21, which decomposes to N2 an ethyl formate 22.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von 1,1-Diphenylhydrazin (1a) mit Azodicarbonsäure-diethylester (2a) über-lagern sich fünf Reaktionsmechanismen: A und B) Oxidation des Diphenylhydrazins 1a durch den Azodicarbonsäureester 2a zum Aminonitren 8; Bildung des Tetrazens 10 entweder durch Dimerisierung von 8 oder über das Tetrazan 11; Zerfall von 11 in N2 und Diphenylamin.  -  C) Addition des Aminonitrens 8 an den Azodicarbonsäureester 2a zum Aminoazimin 3a; Zerfall von 3a in das Urethan 4a und den Azidoameisensäureester 5a.  -  D) Isomerisierung des Aminoazimins 3a zu 13 und Reduktion von 13 durch 1a zum Tetrazen 14; Spaltung von 14 in Diphenylamin und das Azid 15; Zerfall von 15 in Ethylcyanat (17) und den Kohlensäurehalbester 18, der in CO2 und Ethanol übergeht.  -  E) Umsetzung des Diphenylhydrazins 1a mit Azodicarbonsäureester 2a zu 20 und dem Diimin-Derivat 21, das in N2 und den Ameisensäureester 22 zerfällt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 157
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Two Step Redox Systems, XXVI.  -  Influence of N-Substituents in 4,4′-Bipyridyls on Redox Properties, Stability of Radical Ions and UV-SpectraVoltammetry of the N-substituted 4,4′-bipyridyls 1a - 1g and 2r - 2y yields reversible two step electron transfers in most cases. The difference between the redox potentials E1 and E2, which can be correlated with the σ* constants of Taft, decreases if potentials become more positive. Some new σ* constants are determined. E1 also correlated with the absorption maxima of the radical cations. The exceptional behaviour of some substituents, especially CO2C2H5 and -CN, is discussed at length.
    Notes: Die Voltammetrie der N-substituierten 4,4′-Bipyridyle 1a - 1g und 2r - 2y ergibt für die meisten Derivate reversiblen, zweistufigen Elektronentransfer. Die Differenz zwischen den Redoxpotentialen E1 und E2 nimmt mit positiver Potentialverschiebung ab, die mit den σ*-Konstanten nach Taft korreliert. Einige neue σ*-Werte werden bestimmt. E1 korreliert auch mit den Absorptions-maxima der Radikalkationen. Die Sonderstellung einiger Substituenten, insbesondere von CO2C2H5 und -CN wird ausführlich diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 158
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Isolable Cyclobutadienes, III. - Reaction of a Sterically Stabilized Cyclobutadiene with OxygenThe cyclobutadiene 1 is extremely sensitive towards oxygen. The structures of the three main products 3, 4, and 7 and of the by-product 9, formed by autoxidation, were elucidated. A mechanism is discussed for the formation of these products.
    Notes: Das Cyclobutadien 1 ist eine sehr sauerstoffempfindliche Verbindung. Die Strukturen der drei bei der Autoxidation entstehenden Hauptprodukte 3, 4 und 7 und des Nebenprodukts 9 werden auf geklärt. Ein Mechanismus für die Bildung dieser Produkte wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 159
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1602-1605 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of 5-Alkoxy- and 5-Alkylthio-4-alkylimidazoles and of 4-Alkyl-5-aminothiazolesThe title compounds are formed when 2-isocyanoalkanenitriles 1 react with alcohols, thiols or hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a base.
    Notes: Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen entstehen, wenn man 2-Isocyanalkannitrile 1 in Gegenwart von Basen mit Alkoholen, Thiolen oder Schwefelwasserstoff reagieren läßt.
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  • 160
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 533-546 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Substituted Bicyclo[4.3.1]decatrienyl CationsThe rearrangement of bicyclo[4.2.2]decatetraenes to bicyclo[4.3.1]decatrienes on addition of electrophiles opens a route to methano-bridged dihomotropylium ions. We report here on some substituted cations, namely 2-methyl- (16), 2-chloro- (22), 2-bromo- (26), 2,5-dimethyl- (29), 1-methyl- (37), 1-chloro- (38), 1-bromo- (39), 7-phenyl- (42) and the 7-(2-methoxyphenyl)bicyclo]4.3.1]decatrienylcation (44). Cyclic π-electron delocalization in the bicyclo[4.3.1]-decatrienyl cation (1) is more or less disturbed but never suppressed by the substituents mentioned.-3-Methylbicyclo[4.2.2]decatetraene (30) behaves atypically on addition of HBr. 10-exo-Methoxy-4-methyltricyclo[4.3.1.02,9]deca-3,7-diene (33) is isolated after solvolysis with methanol. A mechanistic interpretation is given.
    Notes: Bicyclo[4.2.2]decatetraene lagern sich im Regelfall bei der elektrophilen Addition in Bicyclo[4.3.1]decatriene um. Das erschließt einen Zugang zu methanoüberbrückten Dihomotropyliumionen. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir über einige substituierte Kationen. Es sind dies das 2-Methyl- (16), 2-Chlor- (22), 2-Brom- (26), 2,5-Dimethyl- (29), 1-Methyl- (37), 1-Chlor- (38), 1-Brom- (39), 7-Phenyl- (42) und 7-(2-Methoxyphenyl)bicyclo[4.3.1]decatrienylkation (44). Die cyclische π-Elektronendelokalisation im Bicyclo[4.3.1]decatrienylkation (1) wird durch die genannten Substituenten mehr oder weniger gestört aber nicht unterbunden.-3-Methyl-bicyclo[4.2.2]decatetraen (30) zeigt bei der HBr-Addition atypisches Verhalten. Nach der Methanolyse liegt 10-exo-Methoxy-4-methyltricyclo[4.3.1.02,9]deca-3,7-dien (33) vor. Eine mechanistische Deutung wird angegeben.
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  • 161
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 554-563 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemistry of Aromatic Nitro Compounds, XII.-Influence of Substituents on Photocyclization of 1-tert-Butyl-2-nitrobenzenesHerrn Prof. Dr. E. Havinga zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.Quantum yields Φp of formation of hydroxamic acids 5a-h in the 366 nm photolysis of 1-tert-butyl-2-nitrobenzenes 1a-h in tert-butyl alcohol solution (with 5% water) have been determined. The calculated regression line (correlation coefficient r = 0.94) for log (Φp/1-Φp)/(ΦHp/1-ΦHp) vs. Hammett's Φmeta-values for 1a -g has a slope of ρ = 0.48. This finding supports the hypothesis that the reacting excited state is of n,π*-character, and demonstrates the merely moderate effect of meta-substituents on the twisted nitro group in electronically excited 1a-h.
    Notes: Die Quantenausbeuten Φp bei der Bildung der Hydroxamsäuren 5a-h durch Photolyse (366 nm) der 1-tert-Butyl-2-nitrobenzole 1a-h in tert-Butylalkohol (mit 5% Wasser) wurden ermittelt. Die berechnete Regressionsgerade (Korrelationsfaktor r = 0.94) für log (Φp/1-Φp)/(ΦHp/1-ΦHp) gegen Φmeta-Werte nach Hammett für 1a -g hat die Steigung ρ = 0.48. Dieses Ergebnis stützt die Hypothese, daß der reagierende angeregte Zustand n,π*-Charakter besitzt, und zeigt die nur mäßige Weiterleitung des Einflusses von meta-Substituenten auf die verdrillte Nitrogruppe im elektronisch angeregten Zustand von 1a-h.
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  • 162
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 564-571 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: L-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine, a New Natural Amino AcidDuring the incubation of chloridazone-degrading bacteria with L-phenylalanine L-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine is accumulated in the culture medium. Small amounts of L-o- and L-m-hydroxy-phenylalanine can also be detected in the culture fluid. The formation of L-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-alanine is discussed in terms of the catabolic pathways in chloridazone-degrading bacteria.
    Notes: Bei der Inkubation Chloridazon-abbauender Bakterien mit L-Phenylalanin (1) wird L-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanin (2) im Medium akkumuliert. In geringeren Mengen können daneben L-o- und L-m-Hydroxyphenylalanin (3 bzw. 4) nachgewiesen werden. Die Bildung von L-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanin wird im Zusammenhang mit bereits bekannten Stoffwechselwegen Chloridazon-abbauender Bakterien diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 163
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 164
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 572-593 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereochemistry of Dimerization of Unsymmetrically Substituted KetoketenesDimerization of alkyl(phenyl)ketenes (1) and alkyl(benzyl)ketenes (4) gives increasing proportions of cis-dimers along the series methyl, ethyl, benzyl, isopropyl, exclusive cis-dimer formation occurring in the case of isopropyl(phenyl)ketene 1c. This readily explained in terms of the easiest approach of the components towards a [π2S + π2a] process. The geometries were assigned on the basis of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and in two cases by X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Die Dimerisierung von Alkyl(phenyl)ketenen 1 und Alkyl(benzyl)ketenen 4 führt entsprechend der Reihenfolge Methyl, Ethyl, Benzyl, Isopropyl für Alkyl zu zunehmender [bei Isopropyl(phenyl)keten 1c ausschließlicher] Bildung der cis-Dimeren. Diese erklärt sich zwanglos aus der günstigen Annäherung der Komponenten zu einem [π 2S + π 2a]-Prozeß.-Die Isomerenzuordnung erfolgte auf Grund von 1H-NMR- und 13C-NMR-Spektren sowie von zwei Röntgenstrukturanalysen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 165
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1746-1755 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thioketene Syntheses, V1). - Allyl-substituted Thioketenes via Thio-Claisen Rearrangement2).The alkynyl allyl sulfides 4 are accessible by reaction of the alkynethiolates 2 with allyl bromides 3. The thio-Claisen rearrangement of 4 to give the (allyl)thioketenes 5 is favoured by decreasing size of the group R1 and of the migrating allyl group. However, bulky substituents stabilize the resulting thioketenes. Because of these contradictory effects, allyl(tert-butyl)thioketene (5e) is obtained particularly conveniently, whereas 4h does not give 5h. The thioketenes 5 are characterized by IR and, in part, UV spectra as well as by the addition of amines to give the thioamides 9.
    Notes: Die Alkinyl(allyl)sulfide 4 sind durch Umsetzung der Alkinthiolate 2 mit Allylbromiden 3 zugänglich. Die Thio-Claisen-Umlagerung von 4 zu den Allylthioketenen 5 wird durch abnehmenden Raumbedarf des Restes R1 und der wandernden Allylgruppe begünstigt. Dagegen stabilisieren voluminöse Substituenten das entstehende Thioketen. Wegen dieser gegenläufigen Einflüsse ist das Allyl(tert-butyl)thioketen (5e) besonders gut erhältlich, während 4h überhaupt nicht zu 5h umlagert. Die Thioketene 5 sind IR- und teilweise auch UV-spektroskopisch sowie durch die Reaktion mit Aminen zu den Thioamiden 9 charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 166
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on the Field of Natural Product Chemistry, 721). - Dimeric Quinolone Alkaloids from the Root Bark of Ptelea trifoliata L. - Constitution of PteledimeridineThe dimeric quinolone alkaloids pteledimeridine (1), pteledimerine (2) and pteledimericine have been isolated from the root bark of Ptelea trifoliata L. The constitution of pteledimeridine was determined as 2,2,6-trimethyl-4-[2-(5-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-furo [3,2-c]quinoline-2-ylidene)-propyl]-2,3,4,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]quinoline -5-one (1).
    Notes: Aus der Wurzelrinde von Ptelea trifoliata L. wurden die dimeren Chinolon-Alkaloide Pteledimeridin (1), Pteledimerin (2) und Pteledimericin isoliert. Pteledimeridin wurde als 2,2,6-Trimethyl-4-[2-(5-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-furo[3,2 -c]chinolin-2-yliden)propyl]-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-pyrano[3,2-c]chinolin-5-on (1) charakterisiert.
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  • 167
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 656-674 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Five-Membered Heterocycles, VI. - 3-Organylamino-1,3-thiazolin-2-ones and -2-thionesS-Potassium (N'-organylhydrazino)monothio- and potassium (N-organylhydrazino)dithioformates 1A and 1B are alkylated at the mercapto sulfur atom with α-halo ketones to form the acylmethyl (hydrazino)thioformates 2 A and 2B, which can be obtained pure, or their cyclic derivatives 2'A and 2'B, respectively. In acidic solution these products are transformed into 3-organylamino-1,3-thiazolin-2-ones 3A or -2-thiones 3B, respectively. Proof for the five-membered ring structure comes from chemical reactions and UV spectroscopy. The syn-anti-diastereomeric S,S'-dialkyl dithiocarbonate tosylhydrazones Z-5 and E-5 have been prepared and their stereochemistry assigned.
    Notes: S-Kalium-[(N-organylhydrazino)monothio- und Kalium-[(N-organylhydrazino)dithioformiate] 1A bzw. 1B lassen sich mit α-Halogenketonen am Mercapto-Schwefel zu rein isolierbaren (Hydrazino)thioameisensäure-acylmethylestern 2Abzw. 2B oder deren cyclischen Derivaten 2'A bzw. 2'B alkylieren. Diese ergeben in saurer Lösung 3-Organylamino-1,3-thiazolin-2-one 3A bzw. -2-thione 3B. Der Beweis für das Vorliegen der fünfgliedrigen Ringstruktur wurde durch chemische Reaktionen und UV-spektroskopisch erbracht. Die syn-anti-diastereomeren Dithio-kohlensäure-S,S'-dialkylester-tosylhydrazone Z-5 und E-5 wurden hergestellt und zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 168
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 689-700 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dithiacyclopentenes, XXXIII. - Reactions of 1,3-Dithiole-2-thiones with N-Chloramides4-Phenyl-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (1a) and 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarbonitrile (1c) react with N,N-dichloroamides - N,N-dichlorobenzenesulfonamides 2-4, N,N-dichlorosulfamides 5, 6, N,N-dichloroethylurethane (7), N,N-dichloro-o-nitrobenzamide (8) - to give N-(1,3-dithiol)-2-ylidene)amides 17-23.
    Notes: 4-Phenyl-1,3-dithiol-2-thion (1a) und 2-Thioxo-1,3-dithiol-4,5-dicarbonitril (1c) reagieren mit N,N-Dichloramiden - N,N-Dichlorbenzolsulfonamide 2-4, N,N-Dichlorsulfamide 5,6, N,N-Dichlorethylurethan (7), N,N-Dichlor-o-nitrobenzamid (8) - zu den N-(1,3-Dithiol,2-yliden)-amiden 17-23.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 169
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 170
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 727-742 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Two Step Redox Systems, XXV. - Synthesis of N,N′-Disubstituted 4,4′-Bipyridyls and 1,1′,4,4′-Tetrahydro-4,4′-bipyridylidenesThe N,N'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridyls 1c-1q and 1m-1q can be synthesized by methods already developed in the pyridine series. In contrast 1i - 1k can be obtained only by replacement of one or two pyridine N-atoms by N,N'-dimethylhydrazine. The Dihydropyridyl derivatives 2r-2t, 2 w and 2y are prepared by reaction of R - Cl with 4,4'-Bipyridyl reduced by sodium or zinc (2y). Compound 2r serves as precursor for the highly labile 2v.
    Notes: Die N,N'-disubstituierten 4,4'-Bipyridyle 1c-1e und 1m-1q werden nach Methoden synthetisiert, die bereits für die Pyridinreihe erprobt sind. Dagegen lassen sich 1i- 1k nur durch Austausch eines oder zweier Pyridin-N-atome gegen N,N'-Dimethylhydrazin gewinnen. Die Dihydrobipyridylderivate 2r-2t, 2w und 2y werden durch Reaktion von R-CI mit durch Natrium oder Zink (2y) reduziertem Bipyridyl dargestellt. Die Verbindung 2r dient als Edukt für das hochempfindliche 2v.
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  • 171
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1945-1951 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses and Some Reactions of 2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenoneHerrn Prof. Dr. H. Pommer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.Starting from acrolein (5) and ethyl isopropyl ketone (1), two synthetic pathways gave 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone (8). The product of hydrogenation, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone (9) was converted to aldehyde 17, using a new process. 17 is the starting material for a convenient synthesis of the corresponding esters of dehydro-vitamin-A 21, which can be easily hydrogenated by known methods to vitamin A.
    Notes: Ausgehend von Acrolein (5) und Ethylisopropylketon (1) wurden zwei Synthesen für 2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenon (8) entwickelt. Das Hydrierungsprodukt 2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanon (9) wurde nach einem neuen Verfahren in den Aldehyd 17 übergeführt, aus dem die Dehydro-Vitamin-A-ester 21 auf einfache Weise zugänglich sind. Diese lassen sich nach bekannten Methoden zu Vitamin-A-estern hydrieren.
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  • 172
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2028-2035 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Constituents of Boraginaceae.  -  Triterpene Saponins from Anchusa officinalis L.The structure of three saponins of Anchusa officinalis L. has been elucidated as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolic acid α-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), 3-O-[2,3-di-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid (7) and 3-[3-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid α-D-glucopyranosyl ester (9) by use of IR, 1H-NMR and MS measurements (Tables 1 and 2).
    Notes: Aus dem ethanolischen Extrakt von Anchusa officinalis L. wurden drei neue Saponine, die Anchusoside 1, 2 und 7 isoliert. Die Verbindungen konnten durch IR-, 1H-NMR- und Massenspektroskopie sowie Hydrolysen als 3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyloleanolsäure-α-D-glucopyranosylester (5), 3-O-[2,3-Di-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolsäure (7) und 3-[3-O-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolsäure-α-D-glucopyranosylester (9) identifiziert werden (Daten in den Tabellen 1 und 2).
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  • 173
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2057-2065 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Syntheses in the Plasma of Glow Discharges, XXIII.  -  Products and Mechanisms in Benzene Plasmas.Benzene and mixtures of C6H6/C6D6 reacted in a closed plasma system. The products and their degree of deuteration (Tables 1 and 2) show two prevailing reaction mechanisms: The mono-molecular decomposition of excited benzene neutrals and the bimolecular reaction between benzene- or phenyl cations with neutral molecules.
    Notes: Benzol und C6H6/C6D6-Mischungen werden in einer geschlossenen Plasmaapparatur umgesetzt. Die Art der Produkte und ihr Deuteriumgehalt (Tabellen 1 und 2) zeigen, daß im Benzolplasma zwei Reaktionsmechanismen vorherrschen. Einerseits der monomolekulare Zerfall hochangeregter, neutraler Benzolmoleküle, andererseits bimolekulare Reaktionen zwischen Benzol- oder Phenylkationen sowie Neutralmolekülen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 174
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metalated Nitrogen Derivatives of Carbonic Acid in Organic Synthesis, XIII.  -  Selective Mono- and Dialkylation of N-[Bis(alkylthio)methylene]glycine Ethyl Ester for Synthesis of Higher and α-Branched α-Amino AcidsHerrn Professor Dr. W. Lüttke mit herzlichen Glückwünschen zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.N-[Bis(methylthio)methylene]- and N-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)glycine ethyl ester (7 or 8), which are readily prepared from glycin ethyl ester hydrochloride, were converted to chain-elongated and α-branched α-amino acid derivatives 13 or 15 via the potassium enolates 12 or 14. The amino group is liberated by aqueous performic acid (prepared in situ). Mono- and dialkylation both proceed with high chemoselectivity. Thus this method is particularly useful for the preparation of amino acids 5 or 6, which are monoalkylated or unsymmetrically branched in α-position. The utilization of N-(ethoxymethylthiomethylene)glycine ethyl ester 10 as glycine anion precursor was also checked. Subsequently methanesulfenylation or α-hydroxybenzylation of enolates 12 to yield 24 or 25 is also reported.
    Notes: Aus N-[Bis(methylthio)methylen]- und N-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-yliden)glycin-ethylester (7 bzw. 8), bei-de leicht zugänglich aus Glycin-ethylester-hydrochlorid, wurden über die Kaliumenolate 12 bzw. 14 die kettenverlängerten oder α-verzweigten α-Aminosäure-Derivate 13 bzw. 15 aufgebaut. Die Aminogruppe läßt sich mit (in situ erzeugter) wäßriger Perameisensäure freisetzen. Da die Alkylierungsschritte hochselektiv verlaufen, eignet sich das Verfahren insbesondere zum Aufbau von α-monoalkylierten und von unsymmetrisch α-verzweigten α-Aminosäuren vom Typ 5 bzw. 6. Die alternative Verwendbarkeit von N-(Ethoxymethylthiomethylen)glycin-ethylester 11 als Glycin-anion-Vorstufe wurde geprüft. Ferner wird über Methansulfenylierung und α-Hydroxybenzylierung der Enolate 12 zu 24 bzw. 25 berichtet.
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  • 175
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies in β-Lactam-Synthesis, IV.  -  Synthesis of 3-[Bis(alkylthio)methyleneamino]-2-azetidinones by Acid Chloride-Imine ReactionHerrn Professor Dr. W. Lüttke mit herzlichen Glückwünschen zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.The acid chlorides 10, prepared from N-[bis(alkylthio)methylene]glycine esters 8 via potassium carboxylates 9 or 15 were treated with imines 11a or 11b and with the thioimidates 11c or 21 in presence of triethylamine. From N-benzhydrylideneaniline (11a) moderate yields up to 70% of N-protected 3-amino-1,4,4-triphenyl-2-azetidinones 12 or 16 are obtained, whereas yields from N-benzylideneaniline 11b or from the thioimidates 11c or 21 range from only 1 to 10%. The imidazolidinones 17 and 18, isolated from the reaction of 11b and acid chlorides 10, afford some evidence for the intermediates involved. - Further, deprotection of the amino group in 12a and methylation of 12c to give the persubstituted β-lactam 25 (via an enolate 24) are reported.
    Notes: Die aus den N-[Bis(alkylthio)methylenglycinestern 8 über die Kaliumcarboxylate 9 oder 15 dargestellten Säurechloride 10 wurden mit den Iminen 11a und 11b sowie mit den Thioimidsäure-S-alkylestern 11c und 21 in Gegenwart von Triethylamin umgesetzt. Während mit N-Benzhydrylidenanilin (11a) die N-geschützten 3-Amino-1,4,4-triphenyl-2-azetidinone 12 bzw. 16 in teilweise guten Ausbeuten entstehen, liegen die Ausbeuten mit N-Benzylidenanilin 11b sowie mit 11c und 21 nur zwischen 1 und 10%. Die bei der Umsetzung mit 11b isolierten Imidazolidinone 17 und 18 geben Hinweise auf den Reaktionsweg. - Die Entfernung der Amino-Schutzgruppe in 12a, sowie die Methylierung von 12c zum persubstituierten β-Lactam 25 (über das Enolat 24) werden beschrieben.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 11-35 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element equivalents of the equations governing shearing and buoyancy driven flows are derived, and reduced to upwind forms suitable for the solution of problems in which the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers are large. A modification to the central difference iterative method is studied which increases the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers for which a central difference form may be used. A comparison is made between the results obtained using the central and upwind forms of the finite element method and those predicted by finite difference methods in the case of flow in a cavity. A mesh refinement study is made. The upwind forms of the finite element equations are applied to the solution of a complex flow problem involving the flow of glass in a throated furnace in the case of constant- and temperature- dependent viscosity and conductivity.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 290-291 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 312-312 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 307-311 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 181
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 182
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 409-421 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Families of two-and three-dimensional finite elements are constructed for use in modelling fields with singular derivatives. The elements are complete over linear fields, conform with regular elements, and are easily programmed. A low order exact quadrature rule is also derived for element stiffness calculations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 451-458 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general non-linear interpolation procedure for contouring on any isoparametric surface was presented in a previous article. The method used standard isoparametric interpolation functions and a predictor method for tracing element contour lines. The method presented here extends the previous work by using a predictor-corrector method to trace element contour lines, thereby making the contouring algorithm more accurate.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 473-474 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 185
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1063-1072 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Similar and similarly oriented CST elements have the same stiffness matrix, and therefore similar shapes generated by the assembly of such elements possess the same stiffness matrix. This property and the matrix condensation technique may be judiciously combined to simplify the study of large structures, which may otherwise incur large core requirements and time and involve the solution of a great number of equations. In this paper the idea is developed to indicate its full potential. In illustration, results from examples on the determination of stresses around a small hole in a large plate are presented.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1085-1089 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper the order of certain two-dimensional quadrature formulae is discussed and it is shown that their degree and order are not related in the same simple way as they are for one-dimensional rules.
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  • 187
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1090-1094 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the two-dimensional isoparametric 8-node element an additive condition is formulated, so that the function describing the domain boundary is continually differentiable at the common nodes on the boundary. This condition will be satisfied by moving the mid-side nodes into a special position. The advantage in using this modified element will be shown by an example of the elasto-plastic calculation of a double-edge notched specimen.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1100-1104 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This communication presents a simple algorithm to compute the stiffness matrix for a triangular plate bending element, without numerical integration. This brings about a substantial saving in computer time.
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 190
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1127-1140 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In Reference 1 a class of first-order factorization methods for the solution of large, sparse systems of equations, of which the coefficient matrix is a symmetric M-matrix, was introduced. Asymptotic results for the computational complexity was proved in the case of systems arising from finite difference approximation of second-order self-adjoint elliptic partial differential equation problems in two dimensions with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this paper the result is extended to cover even mixed boundary conditions and problems with discontinuous material coefficients. Results from numerical experiments with various finite difference and finite element approximations are presented and comparisons with direct and other interative methods are made.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 191
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1165-1182 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a numerical procedure for the solution of metalworking problems of a strain-hardening material. The overall metalworking process is split up into a number of stages and the governing equations for a typical stage are set up in terms of incremental displacements. The incremental deformation occurring in each successive stage is found by an interative numerical procedure based on the concept of piecewise linearization. The ‘composite’ solution yields the distribution of stress and strain in the work material at various stages of the process. Finally, application of the method to finite axisymmetric compression is described.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 192
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 159-178 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A series of open-type elements which are compatible with axisymmetric thin shell elements have been dervied. These elements allow the effects of intermediate openings and discrete support systems for rotational shells to be realistically modelled in the dynamic regime. Also, consistent load vectors for several common cases are derived.The availablility of these elements in a public domain computer program enhances the possibility for modelling systems which are basically axisymmetric but which include intermediate or end supports using a rotational shell code.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 193
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 211-225 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of non-radial loading (in the stress space) of structures of elastic-plastic metals is discussed. A concept of combined isotropic and kinematic hardening is proposed. For a material displaying such mixed hardening, constitutive equations are derived and incorporated in a finite element program for the analysis of elastic-plastic 2D-structures. When determining the numerical solution of the non-linear equations, the program enables the investigator to select an optimal combination of step by step and iteration procedures. The computed results are compared with experimental results and with results from calculations based on the overlay model, Reference 25.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1335-1346 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new second-order accurate method for the solution of two-point boundary value problems on a uniform mesh is given; the local truncation error is obtained for use with the deferred correction process. The method is compared with existing second-order techniques and is shown to produce more accurate results for a number of linear and nonlinear example problems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 195
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1379-1398 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Orthogonal base functions that are complete first-order polynomials but contain higher order terms are developed for normalized rectangular and triangular elements. To obtain exact expressions for kinetic energy under rigid body rotation, an internal node is introduced at the centroid of each element. Then the corresponding mass matrix is both diagonal and consistent. A mixed variational formulation is used in the derivation of spatially discretized field equations. Central Difference time integration is utilized to provide sample results which are compared with other numerical or analytical solutions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 196
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1428-1429 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 197
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1421-1427 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown here that certain interpolating polynomials of degrees four and five may not always be uniquely defined on triangular-shaped elements which have one curved side. Conditions which indicate non-uniqueness are given, together with some geometrical interpretations concerning the location of the node on the curved side. A numerical example is given to demonstrate that there ar curves for which every point is unsuitable to be chosen as a node.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 198
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1430-1430 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 200
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1461-1476 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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