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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Tenascin ; Breast carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Eighty-two cases of primary invasive breast carcinoma and adjacent “normal” mammary glands were examined immunohistochemically for tenascin expression and distribution. Formalin-fixed tissues pretreated with actinase were processed by the avidin-biotin complex method using anti-human tenascin monoclonal antibody (RBC1). In normal mammary glands, tenascin was distributed around the ducts and ductules but not around the acini. In carcinomas, a high incidence of tenascin-positive cases (〉67%) was seen with various histological appearances, with the exception of lobular carcinoma where a low incidence was found (25%). Although intense staining was seen around cancerous foci when compared with normal mammary glands, tenascin was often expressed at cancer-mesenchymal junctions with dense fibrotic stroma, but not at junctions with active inflammatory change and a loose fibrotic stroma. Tenascin expression is not an all-or-none marker for mammary malignancy and the staining pattern suggests either a role in stimulating cancer cells or a host defence mechanism accompanied by a desmoplastic response to them.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Human cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To characterize the in situ cellular immune response in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), the authors studied frozen skin biopsies from 50 patients with LCL due toLeishmania braziliensis guyanensis. A panel of 31 monoclonal antibodies was used, which defined the number and distribution of inflammatory cell subsets. Skin inflammatory infiltrates were composed of T cells (with a local CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.05±0.7 vs 1.48±0.3 in peripheral blood), macrophages and a smaller number of B cells, natural killer cells and granulocytes. Most of the T cells expressed activation markers (interleukin-2 and transferrin receptors, HLA-DR+) and an increase in T-cell-receptorγδ expression was noted. Analysis of the CD4+ subpopulations with newly available reagents showed that helper T cells (CD4+CD45RO+) exceeded the suppressor/inducer subset (CD4+CD45RA+) by 1.4∶1. There were no differences between local immune variables from patients with primary infection (45 patients) and those with recurrence (5). In 7 patients, biopsies were analysed before and 1 month after specific treatment, and did not show significant differences except for a small increase of dermal CD1a+ (Langerhans) cells/mm2. The observed pattern of cellular skin infiltration suggests an immune-mediated tissue injury including T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in addition to direct parasitic action.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 217-222 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Tenascin ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of tenascin immunoreactivity was analysed in salivary gland tissue and in various benign and malignant tumours of the salivary gland. In the non-neoplastic tissue, tenascin was seen in the areas of basement membranes of the ductal epithelium. No immunoreactivity could be observed in the serous or mucous glands. In pleomorphic adenomas, tenascin immunoreactivity could be seen in the stromal compartment. It was more pronounced in the dense stromal areas and chondroid elements than in the myxoid area. In Warthin's tumours, strong tenascin immunoreactivity could be observed in the basement membrane zone of the epithelial component. In the lymphatic component, faint reticular staining could be seen. In adenoid cystic carcinomas, acinic cell tumours and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, tenascin showed a linear stromal distribution. No intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity could be seen in any of the cases. The widespread tenascin positivity in salivary gland tumours suggests that tenascin may play a role in the induction and progression of salivary gland tumours, presumably by interfering with the normal parenchymal-mesenchymal interaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Thromboxane ; Thromboxane synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mononuclear phagocyte system ; Epithelia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using the monoclonal antibody Tü 300 we localized thromboxane synthase, a secondary enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade, employing the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method and indirect double labelling immunofluorescence in frozen sections of human tissues. Aside from platelets, the source of the antigen, all cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system were positive, including epithelioid cells and associated giant cells, starry sky macrophages, dendritic cells of T-cell areas, Langerhans cells and Kupffer cells. In addition, some epithelial cells such as epithelia of tonsillar crypts, reticular epithelia of the thymic cortex and ductular epithelia in liver, pancreas, female breast and salivary glands showed occasional focal reactivity for thromboxane synthase. We suggest that the mAb Tü 300 is a key marker for the macrophage system and the thromboxane generating system in normal and pathological conditions. It may detect functional activities of as yet unknown significance in some specialized epithelial cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Composite lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Composite lymphomas have rarely been reported in Hodgkin's disease (HD), except in the lymphocyte predominance sub-type, and immunohistochemical investigations have been performed in only few cases. We describe the histological and immunophenotypical findings in a case of composite nodular sclerosing HD and high-grade, large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In our case HD and NHL cells displayed striking morphological and immunophenotypical divergence, suggesting a lack of correlation between the two neoplasms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Transforming growth factor-α ; Human tissues ; Immunohistochemistry ; Northern blotting
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) was examined in various human tissues and the fetus, using immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analysis. TGF-α immunoreactivity was detected mainly in the epithelial cells of the digestive tract, liver, pancreas, kidney, thyroid, adrenal, skin, mammary gland and genital organs. In the digestive tract, epithelial cells with regenerative change or hyperplastic change showed strong immunoreactivity to TGF-α. Peripheral nerve, vessels, megakaryocytes and macrophages in the lung and spleen were also positive for TGF-α. By Northern blot analysis the expression of TGF-α mRNA was confirmed in the digestive tract, salivary gland, thyroid, kidney and mammary gland. In the human fetus, the nerve tissues, liver, adrenal and kidney were positive for TGF-α. Strong immunoreactivity to TGF-α was observed in the hepatocytes of the fetus. These findings indicate that TGF-α is produced by a variety of nonneoplastic cells in both adult and fetal tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium ; Adenosine triphosphatase ; Novel monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Novel monoclonal antibodies were raised against sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+)-ATPase of human skeletal muscle. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that these antibodies, designated 6F5 and 7F10, bind Ca2+-ATPase of non-muscle tissue of the adult including parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and photoreceptor cells of the retina as well as skeletal muscle. A positive reaction was also found for fetal tissues including skeletal muscle, heart, chondrocytes and peripheral nerves. Our results for distribution suggest that Ca2+-ATPase is strongly expressed in the tissues and cells in which signal transduction is actively carried out by Ca2+ release from the cytoplasmic Ca2+ pool.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Urinary bladder ; Carcinosarcoma ; Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma ; Neuroendocrine differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The clinicopathological features of two carcinosarcomas of the urinary bladder are reported. The tumours occurred in a 64- and a 66-year-old patient presenting with haematuria and both were polypoid. The epithelial component was consistent with small cell undifferentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, whereas the sarcomatous component did not display specific features. The carcinomatous component showed immunohistochemical reactivity for different epithelial markers as well as for chromogranin and neuron specific enolase. Conversely, the sarcomatous cells stained strongly for vimentin and in one case for muscle actin and smooth muscle actin. The differential diagnosis of biphasic tumours of the bladder is discussed and the literature reviewed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Mesangium ; Mesangial failure ; Electron microscopy ; Animal models
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We present a structural analysis of the ability of the biomechanical unit consisting of mesangium and glomerular basement membrane to maintain normal capillary architecture in the face of mechanical challenges due to high intraglomerular pressures. Capillary support function may be considered in terms of the stabilization of local form (development of wall tension against capillary dilation) and global form (centripetal fixation of capillary loops to maintain higher order form). The pathologic consequences of the loss of this support are illustrated by way of experimental models of mechanical mesangial failure. Such failure may express itself as mesangial widening, increased transmesangial macromolecule “traffic,” ballooning of capillary segments, and unfolding of capillary loops. Mechanisms are described by which these structural changes may lead to segmental glomerular sclerosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocyte subsets ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ; Mitomycin C ; Gastric carcinoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The intensity of lymphoid cell infiltration and distribution of lymphocyte subsets in tumors were investigated immunohistochemically on tumor tissues obtained from 11 patients with gastric carcinoma, who had been treated with mitomycin C (MMC), 12 mg/m2, i.v. 5 days before operation. The results were compared with those obtained from 24 untreated patients as controls. In the tumor tissues from pretreated patients, the intensity of lymphoid infiltration was not significantly different from that of untreated patients. However, high-grade infiltration of CD4+ cells was observed in 55% of pretreated patients, whereas only 8% of control patients exhibited the high-grade infiltration (P 〈0.02). Since the CD8+ cell infiltration was not significantly altered, the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells was more frequently estimated to be more than 1 in patients pretreated with MMC, as compared to untreated controls (P 〈0.02). Further, CD25+ cells in pretreated tumor tissues were more predominant than those in control tumor tissues (P 〈0.05). These results suggest that MMC administration induces these alterations in lymphocyte subsets in tumor tissue in patients with gastric carcinoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 173-175 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Human brain tissue ; Natural mummification ; Histology ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Elemetal analysis ; Gehirn ; Mensch ; Naturaliche Mumifikation ; Histologie ; Histochemie ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Atmospektralanalyse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Bei Ausgrabungen in Bulgarien wurden Schädel und Knochen von 39 Individuen im Alter zwischen 35 und 60 Jahren, die vor ca. 45–50 Jahren begraben wurden, gefunden. Bei der nachfolgenden gerichtsmedizinischen Experitse wurden in zwei intakten Schädeln und zwischen den Knochen anderer Schädel sieben harte Gebilde (zwei ganze und fünf Fragmente), die wie geschrumpfte menschliche Gehirne aussahen, identifiziert. Entsprechende Proben von diesem Material wurden für 3–4 Tage mit 15% wässriger Lösung von Glycerol weicher gemacht und danach lichtmikroskopisch und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. An entsprechenden Stückchen von frischem menschlichem Gehirn und den gefundenen Proben wurde eine Atomspektral-analyse zur Bestimmung des chemischen Bestandes an Elementen durchgeführt. Die komplexe Untersuchung des Materials ergab, daß es sich bei diesem Fund um einen Sonderfall von natürlich mumifizierten menschlichen Gehirnen handelt, die durch sonderbare Bedingungen nur im Schädel der begrabenen Individuen entstanden sind.
    Notizen: Summary When skulls and bones were exhumed from a mass grave in Bulgaria and subjected to medicolegal examination they were found to originate from 39 humans aged 36–60 years old who had been buried approximately 45–50 years ago. Solid structures which strongly resembled shrunken human brain tissue were found inside 2 intact skulls. Among other bones 5 similar structures were found one of which was an almost entirely preserved human brain, and the others were fragments from different regions of the human brain. Samples of these structures were immersed in 15% aqueous glycerol solution to soften and were examined by light and electron microscopy. Sampels of this material and of fresh human brain were subjected to elementary atomic spectral analysis. These complex studies indicated the samples to be naturally mummified human brain tissue and that this process had occurred due to specific conditions within the cranial cavities after burial.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Collagen type IV ; Laminin ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kollagen IV ; Laminin ; Heparansulfat-Proteoglycan ; Wundalter ; Immunhistochemie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung An insgesamt 62 menschlichen Hautwunden mit einer Überlebenszeit zwischen 5 Stunden und 6 Wochen wurde das wundaltersabhängige perizelluläre Auftreten der Basalmembran-Komponenten Kollagen Typ IV, Laminin und Heparansulfat-Proteoglycan (HSPG) in Myofibroblasten untersucht. Laminin und HSPG waren erstmals in einer 1,5 Tage überlebten Hautwunde nachweisbar, Kollagen IV konnte erst nach ca. 4 Tagen beobachtet werden. In Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter von 1 Woche und mehr konnte in 94% der Fälle Laminin, in 70% HSPG und in 63% Kollagen IV perizellulär nachgewiesen werden. Laminin trat hierbei nicht nur in einem höheren Prozentsatz der Fälle, sondern auch in einer größeren Anzahl von Myofibroblasten im Vergleich zu HSPG und v.a. zu Kollagen IV auf. Der positive Nachweis von Laminin oder HSPG bzw. von Kollagen IV in der perizellulären Region von Myofibroblasten weist somit auf ein Wundalter von mindestens ca. 1,5 bzw. 4 Tagen hin. Da die untersuchten Basalmembran-Komponenten auch noch um Myofibroblasten älterer Hautwunden (6 Wochen Wundalter) nachweisbar waren, kann durch die immunhistochemische Darstellung dieser Proteine keine zusätzliche Aussage über das Alter von Wunden mit längerer überlebenszeit getroffen werden. Die semiquantitative Auswertung ergab keine für eine Wundaltersbestimmung verwertbare Korrelation zwischen der Zahl positiv anfärbbarer Myofibroblasten und der überlebenszeit.
    Notizen: Summary Human skin wounds (n = 62) with a wound age between 5 h and 6 weeks were investigated. The appearance of cell-associated pericellular basement membrane components collagen type IV, laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in myofibroblasts was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Laminin and HSPG were first detectable around myofibroblasts approximately 1.5 days after wounding. Collagen type IV did not appear before the 4th day after wound infliction. In wounds more than 7 days old, 94% of the cases showed fibroblastic cells positively staining for laminin, 70% of the wounds contained fibroblastic cells positive for HSPG and in 63% a positive reaction for collagen type IV was obtained around these cells. The numbers of the cases as well as of the cells positively stained for laminin exceeded the corresponding values for HSPG and especially for collagen type IV. The pericellular appearance of laminin or HSPG around myofibroblasts, therefore, indicates a wound age of at least approximately 1.5 days. The pericellular localization of collagen type IV indicates a survival time of approximately 4 days or more. Since these proteins are still detectable in the pericellular region of myofibroblasts in skin wounds with advanced wound age (6 weeks) further information for the time-estimation of older human skin lesions cannot be obtained. A semiquantitative analysis revealed no significant correlation between the number of positively stained cells and the wound age, rendering this parameter unsuitable for a practicable time-estimation of human wounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 7 (1992), S. 116-120 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Leiomyosarcoma ; Children ; Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathologic diagnosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are extremely rare in children, accounting for only 2% of their soft-tissue sarcomas [11]. We report our experience with nine children treated for LMS between 1962 and 1990. Their ages at diagnosis ranged from 1 day to 17 years (median 5 years); six were female and eight were Caucasian. Five tumors were stromal sarcomas originating in the gut (ileum 2, stomach 1, jejunum, sigmoid 1). Three were intra-abdominal tumors that originated in the retroperitoneum (2) and abdominal wall (1). In one patient the tumor appeared in the subcutis of the thigh. Operations were uniformly performed, resulting in complete resection of the tumor in six of nine cases. Five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and one received radiation therapy only. Five patients were alive 6–38 months (median 16 months) after diagnosis. The remaining four died of their disease 4–27 months after diagnosis, three of locally recurrent disease and one of hepatic metastasis. Four of the six patients with complete resection were alive 6–27 months after diagnosis. Both patients with low-grade (grade I) sarcomas had complete resections and were alive 33–38 months after diagnosis. Clinical outcome correlated roughly with the mitotic rate of the tumors, as all three patients with mitotic count 〉5/10 high power fields (HPF) died between 4 and 14 months after diagnosis. Immunohistochemical stains using the avidin-biotin-complex procedure on formalin-fixed tissue were performed for six tumors. Only muscle-specific actin (MSA) was uniformly positive (6/6). The other significant marker was desmin, which was positive in three tumors. Favorable outcome of LMS in children correlates best with low mitotic counts (〈5/10 HPF), low tumor grade, and complete surgical excision. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests that these tumors are of myogenic origin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Carnitine-palmityl-transferase deficiency ; Acute vascular lesions ; Acute myofibrillar lesions ; Ischaemia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of severe exercise-induced myoglobinuria in a 14-year-old boy suffering from a carnitine-palmityl-transferase (CPT) defect is reported. Biopsies of the forearm muscle were examined using light and electron microscopy in the acute and recovery phases of the illness. The first biopsy showed the presence of scattered foci of necrosis where necrotic fibres with occasional disruptions of the basal lamina were seen around injured capillaries. Various degrees of damage and different stages of evolution were found in these foci, which also contained regenerating muscle fibres. In the second biopsy, performed 2 weeks later, most of the fibres displayed a normal structure. Necrosis was no longer present. However, in some areas perivascular fibrosis was prominent, the fibres were small and irregularly shaped, and their nuclei often centrally located. These data strongly suggest that circulatory disorders and ischaemia, brought about by premature acute metabolic imbalance, could be involved in the development of exerciseinduced myolysis observed in CPT deficiency. The risk of fibrous cardiomyopathy in these patients is pointed out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Parotid gland ; ras ; Transgenic mouse ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the transgenic TG.SH (mouse mammary tumour virus/v-Ha-ras) mouse, designed to develop mammary tumours, occasional spontaneous salivary gland tumours have been reported, predominantly in males. The incidence and histomorphology of salivary gland tumours in 73 TG.SH mice were surveyed and in total, 21.9% developed both overt and microscopic parotid tumours. The majority developed between 73 and 150 days of age. In 31.5% of the TG.SH mice, occasional unilateral, but more frequently bilateral exophthalmos due to hyperplasia of the intraorbital (Harderian) lacrimal gland was observed. In 70% of these animals, parotid tumours developed later. Since Harderian gland hyperplasia, occurring as early as 5 weeks of age, preceded the development of palpable salivary gland lesions, this stigma is useful for the early selection of animals likely to progress to tumour formation. Before tumour-bearing transgenic mice are considered to be suitable models of human neoplastic disease, morphological characterization is necessary to ensure that the tumours are histologically representative of the human lesions for which they are potential models. In this study, all parotid tumours consisted of acinar-like glandular structures with central lumina discernible by electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally, secretory granules evident in the apical cytoplasm of the tumour cells resembled the zymogen granules of the normal parotid acinar cell, and some cells had a prominent complement of rough endoplasmic reticulum. These features, along with focal amylase expression detected immunohistochemically in some parotid tumours, identified these neoplasms as acinic cell carcinomas that mimic the human salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma faithfully.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Testis ; Sex cord-stromal tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Steroidogenesis ; Intermediate filaments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have studied immunolocalization of all steroidogenic enzyme involved in sex steroids biosynthesis, P-450 side chain cleavage (P-450scc), 3β hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD),P-450 17α hydroxylase (P-45014α) andP-450 aromatase (P-450arom) and that of vimentin and cytokeratin in 14 cases of testicular sex cord-stromal tumours (6 Leydig cell tumours, 5 Sertoli cell tumours, 2 fibromas and 1 granulosa cell tumour) as well as 4 cases of hyperplasia (2 Leydig and 2 Sertoli). Leydig cell tumour expressed all four steroidogenic enzymes examined, indicating that this tumour can synthesize oestrogen from cholesterol. In 2 cases of Sertoli cell tumour, the tumour cells with clear cytoplasm and without Reinke's crystals expressedP-450ssc, 3β-HSD andP-45017α, suggesting the capability of androgen production in these tumour cells. Fibromas and granulosa cell tumour were negative for the enzymes examined. In immunohistochemistry of intermediate filaments, Leydig cell tumours demonstrated only vimentin. Sertoli cells in hyperplasia and non-neoplastic testis expressed only vimentin but Sertoli cell tumours expressed both cytokeratin and vimentin. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity was correlated with morphological epithelial differentiation in Sertoli cell tumour. These findings in testicular Sertoli cell tumour are considered to represent the multiple differentiation capacity of this neoplasm. Immunohisto-chemical study of steroidogenic enzymes and intermediate filaments provided new insight into neoplastic steroidogenesis and the differentiation capacity of testicular sex cordstromal neoplasms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Gastric cancer ; E-cadherin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cancer invasion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary E-cadherin (ECD) is one of subclasses of the cadherin family which plays a major role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesion in epithelial tissues. An immunohistochemical study of ECD expression was performed on gastric adenocarcinoma from 103 patients using our monoclonal antibody for human ECD (HECD-1). ECD was strongly expressed in normal gastric epithelium without exception; however, various staining patterns were observed in cancer tissues. The frequency of tumours with preserved ECD expression (Pre-type) and reduced ECD expression (Rd-type) was 42% and 58% respectively. Tumours with a high frequency of Rd-type expression particularly included: undifferentiated tumours (85%, 46/54), Borrmann's type 4 (90%, 9/10), tumours larger than 2.6 cm in diameter (65%, 53/81), tumours invading beyond the subserosa layer (78%, 46/59), and tumours with infiltrative growth (87%, 41/47). Furthermore, the frequency of Rd-type expression in cases with peritoneal dissemination (82%, 9/11) or lymph node metastasis (73%, 43/59) was significantly higher than that in cases without dissemination or metastasis. These results suggest that ECD might play a key role in the genesis of histological differentiation, and that the reduction of ECD expression may affect the mode of invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 379-385 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Multicystic mesothelial proliferation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; DNA analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We investigated the clinicopathological findings in five cases of multicystic mesothelial proliferation (MMP). All masses consisted of multiloculated cysts attached to pelvic organs and sometimes growing into the upper abdominal cavity. The cystic spaces were lined by flattened or cuboidal cells. The stroma showed fibrosis, oedema and chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positive staining for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and focal positivity for vimentin and carcinoembryonic antigen. The endothelial markers were negative. Electron microscopy showed abundant surface microvilli and well-developed basal lamina. DNA analysis identified euploid cell populations in all cases. All but one case had a previous history of abdominal surgery. Despite the worrying appearance the clinical outcome was favourable in all cases; there was one recurrence. Clinical and pathological data support the hypothesis that MMP represent a reactive mesothelial proliferation and not a neoplastic process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Epithelioid sarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytokeratin ; DNA flow cytometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Eight epithelioid sarcomas (ES) were studied by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and DNA flow cytometry. Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells showed desmosome-like intercellular junctions and numerous microvilli, in addition to whorled arrangements of intermediate filaments. Tumour cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and vimentin, and negative for carcinoembryonic antigen and desmin. All seven cases examined by flow cytometry showed diploid or hyperploid (near diploid) DNA content. This seems to correspond to the relatively long clinical course and low-grade malignant nature of ES. Although the histogenesis of ES is still uncertain, the results of this study suggest that it is a tumour of primitive mesenchymal cells with the capacity to show epithelial differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 491-495 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Cystatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreas ; Gut ; Endocrine tumours ; Adenocarcinomas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The occurrence of immunoreactive cystatin C (CC) in normal and neoplastic cells of the human pancreas and gut was investigated using an indirect streptavidin-biotin method on formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Virtually all pancreatic islet cells and many neuroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract showed strong CC immunoreactivity and a granular cytoplasmic staining pattern. All 14 endocrine pancreatic tumours (insulinomas, glucagonomas, gastrinomas and non-producing tumours), as well as 16 of 17 gut carcinoid tumours, were also strongly CC immunoreactive. In addition, non-endocrine epithelial cells of pancreatic ducts and the gastrointestinal mucosa and 20 of the 24 adenocarcinomas from these sites showed weak CC immunoreactivity. Thus, CC cannot be used as a reliable immunohistochemical marker for endocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumours despite the fact that the protein is strongly expressed in a majority of such tumours.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Small cell carcinoma ; Ovary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Literature review
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This is an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two small cell carcinomas of the ovary with a review of the literature. These cases showed a dimorphic population of small and large cells sharply demarcated from each other. Cytokeratin 18 and vimentin were mainly expressed in the large tumour cells, some of which also stained for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Periodic-acid-Schiff-positive, alpha-1-antitrypsin-positive hyaline globules were present in one case. Ultrastructural findings included filamentous nucleolonema as well as evidence of smooth muscle differentiation. Some of these observations have not been previously reported. Certain of the above features seem to support a germ cell origin of small cell carcinoma, but they cannot be considered specific for germ cell neoplasms. Thus, small cell carcinoma of the ovary cannot be classified into one of the known categories of ovarian tumours at the present time.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Islet amyloid ; Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunoreactivity for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the islets of Langerhans of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients of a non-selected post-mortem series was studied with a new polyclonal IAPP antibody. Out of 133 patients examined, 124 exhibited immunoreactivity for IAPP. Immunoreactivity was localized intra- and extracellularly and was limited to the islets of Langerhans. No extracellular immunoreactivity was observed in amyloid-negative cases. Co-localization of insulin and IAPP in the same islet-cells was verified by double staining with monoclonal insulin and polyclonal IAPP antibodies. Of 100 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and islet amyloid, 98 exhibited IAPP-positive deposits and 71 exhibited intracellular immunoreactivity. Evaluation of intracellular immunoreactivity and degree of islet amyloid deposition in cases of overt NIDDM revealed an inverse relationship, in that intracellular IAPP immunoreactivity were reduced in patients with developing islet amyloid deposition. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis of primaryβ-cell dysfunction leading to amyloid formation, with subsequent disturbance ofβ-cell homeostasis.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 355-366 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Chondroblastoma ; Bone tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The clinical and morphological findings of 53 chondroblastomas in the files of the Bone Tumour Registry of Westphalia are presented. The mean age of all patients was 19.2 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5∶1. Forty-two of the tumours (79.8%) were located in the long tubular bones and short tubular bones of the hands and were closely related to the growth plate. Six cases (11.3%) were found in the flat bones, 4 cases (7.5%) in the tarsal bones and 1 case (1.9%) in the craniofacial bones. The characteristic radiological feature of 44 investigated lesions was a mostly eccentric radiolucency with a geographic pattern of bone destruction and matrix calcifications. Periosteal reaction was evident in 9% of the cases. Most tumours demonstrate the typical morphological features of chondroblastoma, but 3 cases resembled a giant cell tumour. In 2 cases a haemangio-pericytomalike growth pattern was observed. Nine of the tumours had an aneurysmal bone cyst-like component. Vascular invasion was seen in 1 case. Immunohistochemically most cells in 30 of the cases and fetal chondroblasts in 3 cases were strongly positive with vimentin and S-100 protein. Collagen type II was positive in the chondroid matrix of the tumours and in fetal cartilage tissue; collagen type VI was present focally around individual tumour cells and was always seen in the chondroid matrix of the lesions and in fetal cartilage. These findings support the cartilaginous nature of these tumours. In paraffin sections, 46.6% of the cases revealed a distinct positive reaction of some tumour cells with the monoclonal cytokeratin antibody KL1 (molecular weight 55–57 kDa). Only 4 of them demonstrated a coexpression with the other monoclonal cytokeratin anti-body CK (clone MNF 116, molecular weight 45–56.5 kDa). In paraffin sections all fetal chondroblasts were negative with both cytokeratin antibodies. Frozen sections of 3 tumours showed a strong positive reaction with both cytokeratin antibodies in many chondroblasts, indicating an “aberrant” cytokeratin expression. Osteoclast-like giant cells stained positive with leucocyte-common antigen (LCA) and with the macrophage-associated antibody KP1, but were negative with the other macrophage-associated antibody MAC 387. Recurrence rate was 10.7%. The clinical course of all tumours was benign.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Contraction bands ; Smooth muscle ; Intestinal infarction ; Ischaemic damage ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We studied microscopic sections of 24 cases of intestinal infarction looking for contraction bands (CB) in the muscularis propria of the bowel wall. Controls were 11 surgical and 11 autopsy cases from patients who did not suffer any form of ischaemic disease. The difference of CB frequency was significant (P〈0.001) in infarction versus the surgical control group. Moreover, within the study group the CB frequency was also related to the severity of the ischaemic lesion (P〈0.01). With immunostaining, CB were not reactive with antibodies against vimentin, desmin, actin or myosin. We propose that CB genesis in intestinal smooth muscle is related to hypoxia, possibly through altered homeostasis of calcium and catecholamine metabolism.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Tumours of the nervous system ; Non-melanotic tumours ; HMB-45 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The aim of this study was to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the commercially available, monoclonal anti-melanoma antibody HMB-45 in brain tumours and peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Hence, a series of 155 different non-melanotic tumours of the central and peripheral nervous system were examined immunohistochemically. The brain lesions consisted of primary tumours and metastases from various carcinomas. Twenty melanotic tumours (cerebral metastases of malignant melanomas, meningeal melanomatosis, meningeal melanocytomas) and dermal blue cell naevi served as controls. All melanotic tumours stained positive. Furthermore, a positive immunohistochemical reaction was observed in the following non-melanotic tumours: gliosarcomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, ependymoma, malignant schwannomas and different intracranial hamartomas. Two plasmocytomas and 4 metastatic carcinomas also revealed positive staining for HMB-45. Our results confirm the necessity for cautious interpretation of HMB-45 immunoreactivity as a tool in the immunohistochemical characterization of nervous system tumours.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Astrocytoma ; Glioblastoma multiforme ; Oncogenes ; Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Epidermal growth factor and its receptor (EGFR) constitute an important and well-characterized mitogenic system in various ectodermal tissues including glial cells. Over-expression of the EGFR due to gene amplification has been reported in primary brain tumours of glial origin. Using a monoclonal antibody to the EGFR and immunohistochemical analysis, we examined the expression and distribution of EGFR in 103 astrocytic tumours. In addition, selected tumours were studied by Western blotting using a polyclonal antibody to EGFR and by Southern blot analysis. Glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) showed EGFR expression in 37% of cases, whereas pilocytic (WHO grade I), low-grade (WHO grade II) or anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) were invariably EGFR negative. Generally, there was a close correlation between the presence of EGFR gene amplification and over-expression of receptor protein. Different patterns of immunoreactive cells and significant intratumour heterogeneity of EGFR expression were observed in glioblastomas. The specific association of EGFR over-expression with glioblastoma may provide a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV).
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Cancer ; Oral pre-cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and immunohistochemical detection of the protein represents a useful marker for the proliferating fraction of cells in tissue specimens. A series of malignant and pre-malignant lesions of the oral cavity and skin were evaluated by the streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method for detection of this protein. Monoclonal anti-PCNA antibody (PC 10) labelled proliferating cells in all cases with varying intensity of nuclear staining. In squamous cell carcinoma (n=48), PCNA positivity correlated with the differentiation and atypia of the tumour cells; however, in poorly differentiated tumours, the relationship between PCNA expression and proliferation was lost. Basal cell carcinoma showed an increased growth fraction in tiny epithelial nests (mean 43.8, SD 6.0,n=20) than in neoplastic basal cells (mean 30.1, SD 6.9,n=8). The growth fractions were significantly higher in the pre-malignant lesions (leukoplakia, mean 22.3, SD 7.7,n=14; Bowen's disease, mean 45.2, SD 11.7,n=12; senile keratosis, mean 41.2, SD 7.0,n=12) than in the normal mucosa (mean 9.8, SD 4.9,n=10), suggesting that cellular growth fractions correlate with the degree of dysplasia in pre-malignant lesions.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 459-462 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Malignant rhabdoid tumour ; Uterus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Malignant rhabdoid tumours (MRTs) are highly aggressive neoplasms which most frequently occur in the kidney of young children. Several cases of primary MRT occurring in extra-renal sites have been reported, particularly in the soft tissues. We report a case of primary MRT of the uterus, a very rare site for this neoplasm, with morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features corresponding to restrictive morphological criteria for MRT. The possible differential diagnoses were considered.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Silver staining ; Paired helical filaments ; Cerebral amyloid ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A one step en bloc silver staining method which was originally established to study nucleolar organizer regions has been applied for the demonstration of both paired helical filaments (PHF) and extracellular cerebral amyloids in semi-thin sections and at the electron microscopic level. The three forms of PHF can be visualized: (1) neurofibrillary tangles are shown in all stages from first appearance in form of intracellular patches of PHF to severely degenerated shadow-like “ghost” tangles; (2) neuropil threads are distinctly stained in great numbers; and (3) PHF are easily detected as neuritic components in amyloid plaques. All forms of fibrillar extracellular amyloid structures, i.e. “diffuse”, “classical” and “burnt out” plaques, are well demonstrated; congophilic angiopathy reveals amyloid preferentially in arteries and arterioles of the leptomeninges and cortex ranging from small circumscribed patches to large circumferential amounts with occasional plaque-like condensations or broad loose accumulations of amyloid; perivascular cuffs and laminar subpial deposits of amyloid are stained as well. At the electron microscopic level all lesions are clearly visible in non uranyl/lead-stained specimens, characterized by varying numbers of silver grains on a pale background. The detailed demonstration of structures in archival material, which had been stored in paraffin and re-embedded for electron microscopy, is due to the demonstration of argyrophilic structures by the protective colloidal developer of gelatin and formic acid and to the proteolytic resistance of insoluble PHF and extracellular amyloids in plaques and congophilic angiopathy.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Peripheral nervous system tumours ; Vascular permeability ; Serum proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofibromatosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Vascular permeability changes were examined in 34 tumours of the peripheral nervous system by immunohistochemical demonstration of serum proteins as endogenous tracers. The blood-tumour barrier was impaired in the reticular (Antoni type B) portions of neurinomas (Schwannomas) and in cutaneous neurofibromas but was similar to the normal blood-nerve barrier in fibrillary (Antoni type A) neurinomas, in most neurofibromas, in ganglioneuromas and in anaplastic tumours. These differences in permeability are discussed in relation to aspects of pathological tumour vascularization, the histogenesis of microcystic changes, and systemic therapeutic approaches.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 453-457 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Uterus ; Paraganglioma ; Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We report a malignant uterine paraganglioma in a 40-year-old female, who died 7 months after the initial diagnosis. On light microscopy the tumour showed a typicalzellballen pattern as well as a pronounced cellular pleomorphism. In many tumour cells hyaline globules were demonstrated within the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically the lesion was characterized by the presence of neuron-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5 and synaptophysin, and electron microscopically by the occurrence of neurosecretory granules.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Oncogene ; Breast neoplasm ; Image analysis ; DNA content ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The expression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product was investigated immunohistochemically in 474 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human breast tissue samples. The series included 32 benign and 26 hyperplastic lesions, 32 carcinomas in situ and 384 invasive breast carcinomas, 107 of which were less than 1 cm in diameter. Cytometric DNA assessments were performed on histopathologically or cytodiagnostically identified cell nuclei, using image analysis. C-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was not seen in normal parenchyma or in benign and hyperplastic lesions. Mammary carcinomas in situ were more frequently immunoreactive (59%) than invasive neoplasms (23%). Invasive tumours more than 1 cm in diameter immunoreacted more often (26%) than small invasive carcinomas (16%). C-erbB-2 expression in regional lymph node metastases was the same as in the corresponding primary tumours. Significant differences were observed between the c-erbB-2 expression in DNA diploid and aneuploid lesions; for carcinomas in situ the figures were 40% and 72%, respectively. Invasive carcinomas of DNA diploid type rarely showed c-erb-B-2 expression, irrespective of tumour size and nodal status (7–11%). DNA aneuploid tumours were more frequently immunoreactive with increasing levels during progression (32–41%). Our data indicate that genetically stable invasive mammary tumours seem rarely to express the c-erbB-2 protein, even during progression, whereas genetically unstable invasive neoplasms frequently show c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity which increases during tumour progression.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Human osteocalcin ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A novel monoclonal antibody against human osteocalcin, recently established in our laboratory, was shown by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to react specifically with human osteoblasts. In the present study, the antibody was applied to the immunohistochemical diagnosis of human bone tumours, especially osteoblastic tumours. The antibody reacted with all 27 osteosarcomas. No positive reaction was found either in chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumours of bone, soft tissue tumours or epithelial tumours. A positive reaction was found preferentially in the cytoplasm of most of the osteosarcoma cells, but not in the extracellular matrix. Since the antibody reacted with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, it will be a useful tool for routine immunohistochemical diagnosis of osteoblastic lesions.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Hodgkin's disease ; Anaplastic large cell lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ immunophenotyping ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Morphological and immunohistological studies were carried out on a series of 137 lymphomas including CD30+ anaplastic large cell (ALC) lymphomas (48 cases) and non-lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (HD) (89 cases), with the aim of assessing in situ expression of a combination of antibodies including anti-CD30/BerH2, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CD15 and CD45, in addition to other monoclonal antibodies suitable for paraffin tissues. A greater proportion of cases of ALC lymphomas than of HD exhibited positivity for CD45 (91.7% vs 17.6%), EMA (56.2% vs 4.5%), CD43 (53.6% vs 13.1%) and CD45RO (39.5% vs 3.5%), whereas Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in HD most frequently expressed CD15 (93.2% vs 20.8%) antigen. Moreover, in 35 of 48 (72.9%) ALC lymphomas tumour cells expressed the CD30+, CD45+, CD15−, EMA− or+ phenotypic profile, while in the same percentage (62/ 85) of HD cases RS cells were found to express the CD30+, CD45−, CD15+, EMA− profile. This study suggests that the differential expression of CD45, EMA, and CD15 may be used in the separation of ALC lymphomas and HD. However, co-expression of CD30, CD45 and CD15 antigens by RS cells in HD (14/85 cases, 16.5% in this series) and by tumour cells in ALC lymphomas (9/48 cases, 18.7% in this series) may be encountered in a non-negligible fraction of cases.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma ; Intestinal tract ; Dedifferentiated element ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Six cases of dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma of the small and large bowel are presented with histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination. One case arose in the jejunum, two in the ileum, and the other three in the large intestine. The tumours were submucosal in four cases with large areas of ulceration; two were polypoid. Four tumours showed typical leiomyosarcomatous appearance with dedifferentiated components and two were typical leiomyosarcomas at the primary site with differentiated components only in metastatic foci. By immunohistochemistry, typical leiomyosarcomatous areas showed a positive reaction for muscle-specific actin (MSA), MB1, MB2 and myosin. In contrast, desmin-positive cells were scattered throughout the tumour or were not present. Tumour cells in dedifferentiated components were positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in all cases but one; neuron specific enolase, MB1, MB2 and myosin were positive with variety. MSA was faintly positive in only a few tumour cells of two cases and desmin was not detected in any of the cases studied. Ultrastructurally, tumour cells in typical leiomyosarcomatous areas demonstrated evident smooth muscle features, although in dedifferentiated areas they lacked such features except in one case. Our results indicate that dedifferentiated elements may derive from ordinary leiomyosarcoma and loose muscle features due to dedifferentiation.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Leiomyoma ; Myometrium ; Cytoskeleton ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The filamentous components of the cytoskeleton in smooth muscle cells of leiomyomata and normal myometrium were studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Fourteen patients hysterectomised for non-malignant disease provided leiomyomata of conventional histological type and histologically normal myometrium: four samples of fetal myometrium were studied by immunohistochemistry alone. All samples of leiomyoma and myometrium were strongly positive for α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, the latter often as paranuclear columns or granules. Vimentin was also stained in most samples but less intensely, while cytokeratin stained in about half the samples with an intensity comparable to that of vimentin. By electron microscopy, myofilaments with focal densities were abundant in both normal myometrium and leiomyomata. Intermediate filaments corresponding to the desmin and vimentin demonstrated by immunohistochemistry were also recognised in a variety of architectural arrangements. At one extreme, comparatively small numbers of filaments were loosely distributed around membranous organelles; at the other, filaments formed conspicuous aggregates, largely excluding other organelles and corresponding to the paranuclear granules seen by immunohistochemistry. A comparison of these findings with those of the literature and comments on the possible significance and origin of these aggregates are provided.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 191-195 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Thymic carcinoid ; Cushing's syndrome ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a 52-year-old Caucasian man osteopoikilosis had been misdiagnosed roentgenologically 2 years before his death. Gradually he developed Cushing's syndrome and ultimately superior vena caval obstruction. At autopsy a primary thymic carcinoid with extensive osteoblastic bone metastasis was found. Immunohistochemically the tumor was shown to be positive for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cytokeratin (KL1), neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin and glucagon. Remarkably the tumour was negative for serotonin despite high urinary hydroxyindolacetic acid levels. Bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex was found. The adenohypophysis showed a considerable reduction of ACTH-producing cells and numerous Crooke's cells with a characteristic immunohistochemical pattern.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Breast ; Granular cell tumour ; Mammography ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Eight cases of benign granular cell tumour of the breast are reported. Seven patients were women and one was male. The age at the time of the excision ranged from 17 to 73 (average 40.1) years. All tumours were positive for S-100 protein and negative for keratin, myoglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein. In two cases ultrastructural studies revealed findings identical to those in the previously reported cases of granular cell tumours. None of these cases were diagnosed preoperatively. In six cases the clinical and mammographic findings, and in one case the frozen section, led to an erroneous diagnosis of malignancy. The clinico-pathological features of the cases are delineated in order to draw attention to a benign condition which closely simulates malignancy.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Megalomastia ; Lobular destruction ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Megalomastia is a rare entity characterized by an uncommon enlargement of both breasts. Unilateral megalomastia is extremely rare. The purpose of this study was to collect information concerning the history of patients with this condition and to investigate its histology in order to outline the profile of this peculiar entity. Fifty cases of megalomastia were studied. In 41 data concerning the history of the patients was complete; there were 32 juvenile, 7 gravid and 2 adult type cases. All three unilateral megalomastias were in the juvenile group. A family history of megalomastia was frequently present; gravid megalomastia was more closely connected with a maternal familial history. A case of simultaneous megalomastia in monozygotic twins is included. The final size achieved by the breasts was independent of the type of megalomastia, the rapidity of breast development and the body weight of the patients. It was greater in breasts containing abundant adipose tissue and less in fibrous breasts. In all cases of megalomastia associated with pregnancy the breasts had lost the ability to produce milk. The main histological feature in all cases was severe damage and destruction of the lobular units associated with extensive fibrosis. In some breasts of all three types of megalomastia ramified new ducts named “juvenile units” had developed and had proceeded to atrophy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the epithelium of these units was negative for oestrogen and positive to progesterone receptors. A biphasic pathological appearance, consisting of atrophic lobular units and “juvenile units”, is diagnostic of megalomastia.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor ; Thioredoxin ; Human ovary ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An immunohistochemical study of the expression of adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor (ADF), a human thioredoxin homologue, was performed in the normal human ovary throughout the menstrual cycle. Primordial follicles were negative for ADF. Both granulosa cells and theca interna cells at the stages of preantral and antral follicles contained ADF. The staining intensity of these cells was very strong in the preovulatory dominant follicle. After ovulation, both granulo-lutein and theca-lutein cells were positive for ADF. During pregnancy, the theca-lutein cells revealed very intense ADF staining. The theca interna cells of the atretic follicles showed ADF staining, while the granulosa cells of such follicles did not. These results suggest that ADF localizes in the ovarian steroidogenic cells which have the binding sites of either luteinizing hormone or folliclestimulating hormone, and that ADF expression is closely associated with the activity of the ovarian steroidogenic cells.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 425-431 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Basement membrane proteins ; Type IV collagen ; Laminin ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of type IV collagen and laminin in normal salivary glands and in salivary gland tumours of various types was studied using rabbit antisera. In normal salivary glands, type IV collagen and laminin were co-localized in basement membranes surrounding acini, ducts, fat cells and peripheral nerves. In salivary gland tumours, three main patterns of co-expression of these basement membrane proteins were distinguished. Linear basement membrane-like staining was detected in duct-cell-derived benign salivary gland tumours and in acinic cell carcinomas. In invasive lesions, however, these basement membrane proteins were distributed in an irregular, interrupted manner, and in many cases they were completely absent. Both benign and malignant salivary gland tumours which have a prominent myoepithelial cell component display a particular deposition of basement membrane molecules adjacent to the modified myoepithelial cells, and at the margins of extracellular matrix deposits within these tumours.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Bladder cancer ; Growth factors ; Acidic fibroblast growth factor ; Epithelial cell compartment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a regulatory peptide which, on account of its structural homologies with the products of oncogenes, is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. We previously reported the presence of aFGF in the urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). aFGF can also induce the motility of a rat-derived bladder carcinoma cell line (NBTII). This immunohistochemical study used polyclonal rabbit antibodies against acidic and basic FGF and peroxidase detection. Native NBTII nude mice xenografts and aFGF transfected NBTII (NFS14) nude mice xenografts were used as tissue controls for antibody specificity. The samples included 4 normal urothelia and 12 TCC. In addition, cytospins of 4 different tumoral cell lines of human bladder and normal bladder cells were stained. The results showed strong immunostaining in all tumoral urothelium samples using anti-aFGF and a very low amount of staining or none at all in healthy tissues. A primary analysis suggested that the strongest reaction was obtained in high-grade tumors (3 + vs + for lower-grade tumors). Using bFGF antibody, strong immunohistochemical staining was detected on basal membranes and stromal vessels and none in urothelium. These data confirm aFGF expression in the epithelial cell compartment of bladder cancer and the likely involvement of this regulatory peptide in the biology of TCC.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 207-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Gliofibroma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Astrocytes ; Desmoplasia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of gliofibroma occurring in an adult patient as a large circumscribed supratentorial tumor is reported. The bimorphic pattern was substantiated and further analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Some evidence in favor of collagen production by mesenchymal and/or inflammatory cells leading to a progressive fibrous replacement of the glial cells in this particular tumor type is presented.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): αB-Crystallin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Reactive astrocytes ; Creutzteldt-Jakob disease ; Prion disease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary α-Crystallin is a major eye lens protein, composed of two types of subunits, αA and αB. The αA subunit is restricted to the lens, but αB-crystallin has recently also been detected in non-lenticular tissues, including the nervous system. With the use of a polyclonal antiserum directed against a synthetic C-terminal peptide of human αB-crystallin, the presence of αB-crystallin could be demonstrated immunohistochemically in astrocytes in the brains of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Most intensive localization was observed in the spongiotic tissue representing abundant progressively changed astrocytes in CJD. In agematched control brains weak positive reaction was located in individual oligodendroglia cells and subpial astrocytes. Prominent increase of αB-crystallin in pathological glia in CJD may represent a response to stress.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 328-332 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Progressiye supranuclear palsy ; Neurofibrilary tangles ; Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Modified tau protein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome; PSP) with parkinsonism and absence of gaze palsy or mental changes is reported. Neuropathological examination, apart from typical changes, showed, lack of midbrain tegmentum demyelination, marked loss of Purkinje cells and presence of hyalin-line bodies in individual neurons of the substantia nigra. Immunostaining against tau-1 protein revealed the prevalence of a diffuse reaction in locus coeruleus neurons; reflecting either different ability of these cells to accumulate straight filaments, or a various time sequence of neurofibrillary tanglesformation. Ferritin immunohistochemistry demonstrated widespread microglial cell proliferation, confirming further the generalized character of CNS pathology in PSP.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Prion protein ; β protein ; Amyloid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We examined paraffin-embedded brain sections from three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and four patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome (GSS) who also had β protein deposits in the brains. Immunostaining using anti-prion protein (PrP) and anti-β protein coupled with formic acid pretreatment, revealed PrP deposits and β protein deposits, respectively. In all four GSS patients examined, sequential double immunostaining and single immunostaining in serial sections or simultaneous double immunofluorescence revealed the colocalization of PrP and β protein in the same amyloid plaques. The plaques labeled with both antibodies were designated as β-PrP plaques. Small kuru plaques of less than 15 μm in diameter were rarely found to coexist with β deposits. The percentages of β-PrP plaques in larger kuru plaques were not constant among the four GSS patients. The colocalization patterns of both deposits were observed as being roughly of two types as follows: (1) diffuse β protein deposits located around the PrP core; and (2) a β protein core and PrP core simultaneously existing in one amyloid plaque. Under an electron microscope, we were able to confirm the presence of both β protein and PrP in a single plaque in four GSS patients older than 60 years old. In contrast, no colocalization of either deposits was seen in the amyloid plaque core fractions of a young GSS patient who had no β protein deposits, even at the electron microscopic level. Therefore, the colocalization of both proteins in a single plaque is believed to be age-related and incidental in GSS patients but suggests a similar morphogenesis of both amyloid deposits.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Peripheral neuropathy ; Cryoglobulinemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural sural nerve and skin biopsy findings in a case of cryoglobulinemia secondary to an IgM-kappa-producing non-Hodgkin lymphoma are described. The main finding was an occlusive microangiopathy present in both the sural nerve and the skin. Widespread cryoglobulin deposits of the proliferated vasa nervorum were associated with pronounced changes probably evoked by ischemia. Moderate perivascular inflammation, but no florid vasculitis was additionally present. Our observations indicate that occlusive microangiopathy by precipitated cryoglobulins may be a relevant pathogenetic factor in cryoglobulinemic peripheral neuropathy.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 110-112 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): HLA-DR ; Meningioma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The expression of HLA-DR was examined in 38 cases of meningiomas with the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using two monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR (LN-3 and TAL-IB5) on formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Similar immunoreactivity was obtained with these two monoclonal antibodies. In addition to infiltrated lymphoid cells and perivascular macrophages, tumor cells themselves showed HLA-DR expression in 16 cases (42%) of meningiomas. The rate of HLA-DR-positive cases in the transitional and fibrous subtypes (64% and 67%, respectively) was higher than that in the meningotheliomatous subtype (8%). Spindle-shaped tumor cells were frequently positive for HLA-DR, whereas few of meningotheliomatous cells with plump cytoplasm were positive. Most of HLA-DR-positive cases showed no or scanty lymphoid cell infiltration, and a few cases with marked infiltration of lymphoid cells were variable for HLA-DR expression. These findings suggest little correlation between HLA-DR expression of tumor cells and the degree of lymphoid cell infiltration, but indicate an aberrant HLA-DR expression of tumor cells themselves.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Pick body ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Degeneration of heterogeneous systems in the central nervous system, with widespread distribution of argyrophilic neuronal fibrillary inclusions, was found in a patient with presenile dementia. Atrophy was circumscribed in the frontal and temporal lobes. Neuronal loss was severe in the basal ganglia, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. Immunocytochemical study using anti-phosphorylated tau and anti-ubiquitin antibodies in conjunction with ultrastructural observations revealed two types of inclusions: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, locus coeruleus, cerebellar dentate nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus, and posterior horn of the spinal cord; and Pick bodies (PBs) in the atrophied cerebral cortex and red nucleus. PSP-type NFTs and PBs have been demonstrated in a single case for the first time. Despite their pathognomonic significance in certain disorders, we suggest that these inclusions may reflect a form of cytoskeletal disorganization, which is not entirely restricted to a single disease entity.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Astrocytic inclusion ; S-100 protein ; Microtubule-associated protein 1B ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemical studies were carried out on the new type of cerebral cortical astrocytic inclusions recently discovered in a 20-year-old patient with maldeveloped brain and micropolygyria. The inclusions appeared as eosinophilic structures (hematoxylin and eosin stain) and did not exhibit argyrophilia (modified Bielschowsky method). The inclusions were strongly stained by the antibody against S-100 protein (S 100) and to a lesser extent by the antibody to microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP 1B). In contrast to Rosenthal fibers, the astrocytic inclusions did not react with antibodies to αB-crystallin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquitin. No positive reactions were obtained with antibodies against heat-shock protein 27 (HSP 27), HSP 72, actin, vimentin, desmin, cytokeratin, myelin basic protein, β-tubulin, MAP 2, tau protein, paired helical filament, phosphorylated neurofilament protein (NFP), nonphosphorylated NFP, synaptophysin, cathepsin D, α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin and basic fibroblast growth factor. By immunoelectron microscopy, the products of the reaction with the anti-S 100 antibody appeared as heterogeneous granular deposits and with the antibody to MAP 1B they were randomly scattered throughout the astrocytic inclusions. Our results demonstrate that the immunohistochemical profile of the recently described inclusions differs from that of Rosenthal fibers. Whether the novel inclusions are involved in congenital astrocyte dysfunction and cerebral malformation remains to be established.
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 457-460 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Choroid plexus ; Choroid plexus papilloma ; Endothelin-1 ; Human brain ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An immunohistochemical investigation was carried out on 17 specimens of human choroid plexus obtained post mortem, 1 biopsy of normal choroid plexus including part of the lateral ventricle and 1 papilloma of the choroid plexus removed surgically. The material was fixed in formalin. Paraffin and cryostat sections were used. A polyclonal antiserum to endothelin-1 served as a primary antibody. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was applied to demonstrate the immunoreaction. The epithelial cells of the choroid plexuses, the choroid papilloma and most ependymal cells of the lateral ventricle showed a distinct brown reaction product in their cytoplasm indicating antigenic sites to endothelin-1. The reaction was of lesser intensity in the ependymal cells. The connective tissue in choroid plexus was unstained. A positive immunoreaction was present in the walls of some vessels in the choroid plexus in cryostat sections. This is the first report on the presence of antigenic sites to endothelin-1 in the epithelial cells of the human choroid plexus. The role of endothelin in these cells should be investigated to ascertain if the cells synthesize this biologically active peptide or if it is merely bound to receptors in them.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Localized hypertrophic neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Schwann cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) was examined using a monoclonal antibody against human NGFR in the sural nerve of a 24-year-old woman, affected by localized hypertrophic neuropathy (LHN). NGFR expression was correlated with electron microscopy and with immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, laminin, HLA-DR, HNK-1, P0 glycoprotein and neurofilament peptides. Our results indicate that in LHN most of whorl-forming cells are NGFR positive and S-100 protein or HLA-DR negative. These data along with the ultrastructural features suggest their origin from perineurium.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Phytosterolemia ; Intradural xanthomatosis ; Denticulate ligaments ; Macrophage ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Multiple intradural xanthomatous tumors developed in 48-year-old female with familial phytosterolemia. These tumors were restricted to the spinal denticulate ligaments. Histological and immunohistocheimical findings were fundamentally similar to those of tendinous xanthomas. The major cellular component of these tumors were identified as of mono-histiocytic origin because they possessed myeloid histiocytic antigen (Mac 387), CD11c and lysozyme but not CD15. Sitosterols, campesterols and cholestanols were recovered from the extract of the tumors and the lesions were confirmed to be phytosterolemic xanthomas. Schwann cells stained with anti-S100 protein were confined to the perivascular small nerve bundles and did not show xanthomatous change. Although immunohistochemical preparation of epithelial membrane antigen and desmoplakin I+II revealed the presence of non-neoplastic meningothelial cells in the superficial portion of the tumors, they were too few to play a significant role in the development of these xanthomas.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 407-429 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylcholine receptors ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Human motor endplate ; Human cerebral cortex ; Neurodegenerative disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Acetylcholine and its receptors are involved in a variety of important signal transduction processes. As shown here paradigmatically for the human neuromuscular junction and the cerebral cortex, acetylcholine receptors can be visualized immunohistochemically at the cellular and subcellular level under physiological and pathological conditions. At normal motor endplates nicotinic cholinoceptors are localized at the surface of the postsynaptic junctional folds. In myasthenic syndromes investigation of muscle biopsies enables the diagnosis of receptor deficiencies at the ultrastructural level. In normal cerebral cortex pyramidal neurons are equipped with both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors localized to postsynaptic densities. In neuropsychiatric diseases cholinoceptor expression can be monitored at the cellular level by quantititative assessment of immunolabeled cortical neurons.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Smooth muscle cell ; Fetal human intestine ; Collagen ; Contraction ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The extracellular matrix influences organogenesis by modulating cell behavior. In humans, collagen is the major matrix constituent of the adult intestinal wall and is synthesized by smooth muscle cells. The objective of the current study was to examine collagen production by fetal human intestinal smooth muscle cells isolated during intestinal morphogenesis. Techniques were developed for the isolation and culture of human fetal intestinal smooth muscle cells. The cultured cells were confirmed as muscle by immunohistochemical stains for cytoskeletal filaments and documentation of contractile behavior. In culture, these cells stained for mesenchymal and muscle cytoskeletal proteins: vimentin, actin, and desmin, and did not stain for neural or epithelial markers. The muscle cells contracted in response to acetylcholine, in contrast to human fetal dermal fibroblasts which did not contract appreciably. Collagen production was assayed by the uptake of [3H]-proline into collagenase-digestible protein. Collagen production was greatest at 11 weeks gestation, the youngest age studied. By 20 weeks gestation, collagen production had decreased to adult levels. However, when compared to another matrix-producing fetal mesenchymal cell, the dermal fibroblast, intestinal smooth muscle cells produced twice as much collagen. Collagen types were determined by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Smooth muscle cells predominantly produced types I and III collagen α chains. Therefore, collagen production is a significant function of human fetal intestinal smooth muscle cells, and probably plays a major role in the development of intestinal structure. The in vitro model presented here provides a means of studying the regulation of this collagen production throughout intestinal organogenesis.
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 547-557 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden ; Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ; Synaptic organization ; Anterograde tracing study ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We examined the synaptic organization of ascending projections from the pars ventralis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden (TDV) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus to the lateral mammillary nucleus (LM). The LM neuropil consists of terminals containing pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and forming symmetric synaptic contact, and terminals containing round synaptic vesicles and forming asymmetric synaptic contact. They make up 63% and 37%, respectively, of all axodendritic terminals. All axosomatic terminals contain pleomorphic vesicles and make symmetric contact. Following injection of WGA-HRP into the TDV, many anterogradely labeled terminals and retrogradely labeled cells are found in the LM. Labeled terminals contact mainly proximal (more than 2 μm diameter) and intermediate (1–2 μm diameter) dendrites. Serial ultrathin sections of the LM show that 55% of axosomatic terminals are labeled anterogradely. Following injection of WGA-HRP into the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, many anterogradely labeled terminals are found in the LM, but no retrogradely labeled cells are present. Labeled terminals contact mainly distal (less than 1 μm diameter) and intermediate dendrites as well as somata. In the LM neurons, 46% of axosomatic terminals are labeled anterogradely. All labeled terminals from these nuclei contain pleomorphic vesicles and make symmetric synaptic contact. These results indicate that almost all axosomatic terminals come from the TDV and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, which send inhibitory inputs to the lateral mammillary nucleus.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 134-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Scrapie ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Neuronal autophagy ; Neuropathology ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We report the presence of autophagic vacuoles (AV) in neuronal perikarya and neuronal processes of rodents with experimental scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AV were composed of sequestrated cytoplasmic areas containing ribosomes and occasionally mitochondria and small secondary vacuoles. The formation of AV may contribute to neuronal degeneration and ultimately to neuronal loss.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary adenoma ; Plurihormonal adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Acromegaly ; Rathke's cleft cyst
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of multiple large Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma presenting with acromegaly is reported. Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma is rare condition, and this is the first report of such a case presenting with acromegaly. An electron microscopic and an immunohistochemical analysis proved that the cyst within the pituitary adenoma of this case differs from cysts found in the embryonic stage of the pituitary gland.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 577-580 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Ki-1 lymphoma ; Lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A 45-year old immunocompetent man presented with multiple lesions in the brain. A histological examination of the tumors showed a diffuse infiltrate of lymphoid cells with cellular polymorphism and of multinucleated giant cells. These cells were immunolabeled with antibodies against B cell lineage and with a monoclonal antibody, Ber-H2 (CD30), which showed the presence of Ki-1 antigen. Recently, among systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, attention has been given to Ki-1-positive lymphomas, which have been incorporated in the up-dated Kiel classification. We report here a case of Ki-1-positive lymphoma arising in the CNS and review previously reported cases.
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 613-620 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Fibronectin ; Albumin ; Spinal cord trauma ; Vasogenic edema ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Spinal cord of the rat was investigated immunohistochemically to detect signs of extravasation of fibronectin in animals in which the cord was subjected to different degrees of compression trauma. Immuno-histochemistry was performed after survival periods of 4 and 24h and parallel sections were incubated for albumin immunoreactivity to detect signs of breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Extravascular reaction products indicating the presence of fibronectin were found within and in the vicinity of the compression provided that bleeding had occurred in the spinal cord, i.e., in rats with severe trauma. Immunoreactive material indicating extravascular albumin was present in the traumatized region and in many segments of the cord located away from the compressed part. Such material was seen both proximal and distal to the primary injury and even in rats with a low magnitude of compression. Generally, with more severe trauma and longer survival periods extravascular albumin was more extensively distributed along the cord. No signs of fibronectin antigen were detected in spinal cord segments away from the compression even though such regions showed albumin immunoreactivity outside the vessels. The results indicate that within and close to the primary injury of compressed spinal cord exudation of fibronectin may occur from the plasma of microvessles provided that the impact is severe enough to cause intramedullary hemorrhages.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer's disease ; Astrocytes ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paired helical filaments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A 54-year-old man who had cerebellar ataxia and pseudobulbar palsy at the age of 29 years, and soon developed dementia, myoclonus and convulsions, died after about 20 years in a vegetative state. Histological examination of the extensively atrophic and devastated brain (680 g) revealed the almost total loss of cerebral cortical neurons associated with numerous β-protein amyloid plaques, many extracellular tangles and a large number of hypertrophic astrocytes, and prominent amyloid angiopathy. The astrocytes were frequently immunopositive for anti-human tau antibody (anti-htau) and anti-ubiquitin antibody (anti-ubi). Double immunostaining with anti-htau and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody clearly demonstrated htau-positive domains within the GFAP-positive perikarya/and processes of several astrocytes. Electron microscopy of the hippocampal CA1, which was completely devoid of pyramidal neurons, revealed, in astrocytes, abnormal filaments indistinguishable from the paired helical filaments (PHFs) seen in neurons. On immunoelectron microscopy, the filaments were observed to be labeled with anti-htau and anti-ubi, exhibiting the same immunohistochemical features as neuronal PHFs. This is the first demonstration of clearly constricted and both tau- and ubiquitin-positive PHFs in astrocytes, indicating that, in some special conditions like in our case, processes similar to those that attack neurons also affect astrocytes and ultimately make the latter form PHFs.
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 363-370 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Retinal photoreceptors ; Electron microscopy ; Teleost ; Astronatus ocellatus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The structure and arrangement of the retinal photoreceptors of the velvet cichlid fish (Astronotus ocellatus) have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Rods, single cones and double (twin) cones are present. In the light-adapted state, rods are very tall cells that reach deep into the retinal epithelial (RPE) layer. The long outer segment is composed of discs of uniform diameter displaying one or two incisures. The rod inner segment shows a distal ellipsoid of mitochondria, and then narrows dramatically in the myoid region. Rod nuclei are electron dense and located deep in the outer nuclear layer. Rod synaptic spherules are small and show two to three invaginated synaptic sites as well as superficial synapses. Single cones are similar to the individual members of a double cone and all display a short tapering outer segment, a large ellipsoid of mitochondria and a myoid rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, Golgi zones and autophagic vacuoles. Double cones have extensive subsurface cisternae along their entire contiguous surfaces. Cone nuclei are large and vesicular and located close to or through the external limiting membrane. The synaptic pedicles of cones are larger, more electron lucent, and display more invaginated (ribbon) synapses as well as conventional (superficial) synaptic sites than do the rod spherules. Rod photoreceptors certainly undergo retinomotor movements and it is probable that cones do as well. In the light-adapted state the cone photoreceptors are arranged in a repeating square mosaic pattern with one single cone surrounded by four double (twin) cones.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Auditory brainstem ; Neurotransmitters ; Immunohistochemistry ; Densitometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution and colocalization of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and glycine-like immunoreactivity in the cochlear nuclear complex of the guinea pig have been studied to produce a light microscopic atlas. The method used was based on post-embedding immunocytochemistry in pairs of 0.5-μm-thick plastic sections treated with polyclonal antibodies against conjugated GABA and glycine respectively. Immunoreactive cells, presumably short axon neurones, predominated in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, with mostly single-GABA-labelled cells in the superficial layer, double-labelled in the middle, and single-glycine-labelled in the deep layers. A few large single-glycine-labelled cells, interpreted as commissural neurons, occurred in the ventral nucleus. Scattered double-labelled cells, probably Golgi cells, were seen in the granule cell domain. Immunolabelled puncta of all three staining categories occurred in large numbers throughout the complex, apposed to somata and in the neuropil, showing a differential distribution onto different types of neuron. Three immunolabelled tracts were noted: the tuberculoventral tract, the commissural acoustic stria, and the trapezoidal descending fibres. Most of the fibres in these tracts were single-labelled for glycine, although in the last mentioned tract single-GABA- and double-labelled fibres were also found. Some of the immunolabelled cell types described here are proposed as the origins of the similarly labelled puncta and fibres on the basis of known intrinsic connections.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 131-141 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Dogs ; Islets of Langerhans ; Extrainsular endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Regulation of islets
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In recent years models for the internal (“intra-islet”) regulation of hormone secretion have been proposed to explain how different islet cells might regulate each other by means of their respective secretory peptides. Models that emphasize the importance of a directed intra-islet blood flow and sequence of perfusion of islet cells rely on a certain type of islet microanatomy and vascular supply. The experimental studies underlying these models have partly been performed in dogs. To extend the incomplete morphological knowledge of the canine endocrine pancreas both canine islets of Langerhans and extrainsular cells have been analysed in immunostained serial semithin (0.5 μm) sections. In addition to their occurrence within islets of Langerhans, all endocrine cell types are also found at extrainsular sites (about 9% of all endocrine cells) where they are distributed in different quantities among the epithelial lining of exocrine acini or excretory ducts and the connective tissue. There are continuous transitions from single extrainsular cells to small mono-and polycellular cell groups to islets. In a comprehensive analysis of whole islets, including computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstructions, the size, shape and vascularization of the islets as well as their cellular composition and the microtopology of islet cells have been studied. We have found marked intra-and inter-islet heterogeneities of the parameters investigated that are not compatible with concepts of a uniform and directed vascular perfusion of the various islet cell populations. Instead, their paracrine regulation may occur primarily via hormonal secretion into the intercellular spaces or vascular hormonal delivery to adjacent cells.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Ferritin ; Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ; Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using ferritin as a marker of reactive microglia, we demonstrated a close association between proliferation of reactive microglia and expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain tissue from autopsied cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An increased number of ferritin-positive reactive microglia was observed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain sections from all 13 AIDS cases examined. Similar findings were observed in brain tissue from other neurological diseases (subacute sclerosing penencephalitis, herpes simplex encephalitis and multiple sclerosis). Multinucleated giant cells were found in 7 of the AIDS cases which were also intensely labeled for ferritin. Dual-label immunohistochemistry using anti-ferritin and cell-specific markers showed that ferritin-positive cells were distinct from astrocytes, neurons and endothelia using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP), anti-neurofilament protein and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, respectively. In 5 AIDS brains, only ferritin-positive cells were shown to contain HIV-1 gp41 antigen using dual-label immunohistochemistry. In addition, HIV-1 RNA was localized in territin-positive reactive microglia but not in GFAP-positive astrocytes using immunohistochemistry combined with in situ hybridization. Ferritin-positive reactive microglia and multinucleated giant cells were colabeled with the microglial marker, Ricinus communis agglutinin 1 (RCA-1). Howerver, RCA-1 also extensively stained resting microglia only a few of which were colabeled for ferritin. The density of ferritin-positive cells was correlated with the presence of HIV-1 RNA-positive cells in AIDS brain. Thus, ferritin immunoreactivity can be used as an activation marker of microglia in archival paraffin sections and reflects the extent of inflammation in HIV-1-infected brain.
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 630-637 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Dentrites ; Excitotoxicity ; Glutamate ; N-Methyl-d-aspartate ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This study documents the ultrastructural features of acute neuronal injury following N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. NMDA (100 nmol/μl) or vehicle was infused over a 15-min period into the lateral ventricle of adult rats. After perfusion fixation, specimens demonstrating normal and abnormal patterns of vascular permeability to horserdish peroxidase were sampled for ultrastructural analysis. In NMDA-infused rats, brain regions exhibiting protein extravasation contained swollen dendritic profiles and abnormal neuronal perikarya. Although periventricular regions were most severely affected, parenchymal abnormalities were also detected in the cerebral cortex, septum, striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. Mildly affected dendrites contained dark compact mitochondria, while in severely swollen dendrites mitochrondia were enlarged with ruptured cristae. Focal sites of plasma membrane disruption were also detected within swollen dendrites. Swollen neurons commonly displayed peripheral pallor and increased numbers of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Other neurons appeared dark and shrunken, some containing disrupted mitochrondria and pyknotic nuclei. Pretreatment with the NMDA antagonist MK-801 (2 mg/kg) attenuated the neuronal and dendritic alterations. In conditions where cerebrospinal fluid levels of glutamate are abnormally elevated, excessive NMDA receptor activation may lead to early vascular and neuronal complications which could work in concert to promote brain injury.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 621-629 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Blood-brain barrier ; Endothelium ; Excitotoxicity ; N-Methyl-d-aspartate ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The purpose of this study was to document the early cerebrovascular consequences of excessive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. Five microliters of NMDA (100 nmol/μl) or vehicle was infused over a 15-min period into the lateral ventricle of adult rats. The protein tracer horseradisch peroxidase (HRP) was injected intravenously for blood-brain bartier (BBB) studies. The intraventricular infusion of vehicle (n=5) caused no alterations in arterial blood pressure or microvascular damage away from the intraventicular probe tract. In contrast, NMDA infusion (n=8) led to a gradual increase in arterial blood pressure (mean 36 mm Hg). Multifocal regions of HRP extravasation were observed bilaterally throughout the neuraxis following NMDA infusion. Sites of BBB disruption and hemorrhage included brain regions bordering ventricular spaces. In addition, isolated foci of protein extravasation were commonly detected in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal forebrain, septum and cerebellum. Pretreatment with the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 (2 mg/kg) substantially reduced the BBB responses to NMDA. However, microvascular abnormalities were seen in NMDA-infused rats where blood pressure elevations were inhibited by blood removal. In addition to neurons, cerebral blood vessels are also acutely affected by NMDA receptor activation. Blockage of NMDA receptor channels following brain injury may potentially provide protection by attenuating BBB breakdown and subsequent brain edema.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Raphe ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuritic plaques ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Alzheimer's disease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The location and number of brain stem serotonin-synthesizing neurons were analyzed in 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 5 agematched controls using immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, the number of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex and brain stem raphe was evaluated, as was the number of Nissl-stained raphe neurons. AD patients could be classified into two groups based on their raphe pathology; patients with such pathology (AD+) and those without (AD−). The number of large raphe neurons correlated significantly with the number of serotonin-synthesizing neurons in control material, indicating that all large neurons were serotonergic. This relationship was not apparent in AD+ patients, in whom the number of serotonin-synthesizing neurons correlated with the number of neurofibrillary tangles in the raphe of these patients. This indicates that in AD+ patients the serotonin-synthesizing neurons were selectively affected. There was no correlation between raphe and cortical pathology or raphe pathology and patient sex, age, mini-mental score or depression score, even when such scores were weighted for the interval between testing and death. There was a trend for the raphe pathology to correlate with the age of onset and duration of dementia and the Blessed dementia score in AD+ patients. Most AD+ patients with severe raphe lesions had clinical dementia only, while AD− patients had additional clinical features. The raphe lesions were more dramatic in AD+ patients with a rapid progression of symptoms.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis ; Dutch type ; Amyloid β/A4 protein ; Diffuse plaques ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We studied the presence and morphology of plaque-like lesions in the frontal cortex of six patients, aged 40 to 76 years, with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis — Dutch type (HCHWA-D), using β/A4 immuno-, silver, Congo red and thioflavin S staining. Two types of β/A4 immunoreactive and Congo red-negative plaques were detected. The first type was composed of argyrophilic fibrous material in periodic acid-methenamine silver (PAM) and modified Bielschowsky staining and lacked silver-stained degenerating neurites. Therefore, this type of plaque has the same staining properties as the diffuse plaque described in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and nondemented elderly. The second type of plaque, occurring only in the three oldest patients and numerically increasing with age, consisted of a spherical non-argyrophilic area of granular texture with a rim of PAM-positive material. The PAM-positive fibrous material of both types of plaques was mingled with coarser and compact, irregular-shaped argyrophilic structures in the oldest patient. The described plaques did not show bright fluorescence with thioflavin S staining. These results indicate, that the morphology of plaques, encountered in HCHWA-D, is diverse and changes with age.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Amyloid angiopathy ; Prion protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Experimental transmission
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary It was difficult to make a definite pathological diagnosis in a 73-year-old man with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) due to extensive amyloid angiopathy which lacked any severe spongiform changes. Immunostaining using anti-prion protein (PrP) antibody revealed fine granular deposits in the gray matter, after hydrolytic autoclaving pretreatment on tissue sections. Western blotting also revealed an abnormal isoform of PrP, but PrP gene analysis did not show any abnormalities. The primary transmission experiments were repeated three times and induced spongiform encephalopathy in a few mice after a long incubation period.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hemangioendothelioma ; Endothelial cells ; Matrix culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two thorium dioxide-induced murine hemangioendotheliomas, 42021 TCT and 44347 TST, were grown subcutaneously (for up to 22 and 15 passages respectively) or intracranially (single passage) and were adapted to culture as a monolayer and, in a limited fashion, in an organ culture system or in rotary suspension. They remained viable and malignant following 20–21 years of storage in liquid nitrogen, and had ultrastructural similarities to human hemangioblastomas. The murine tumors were positive for Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicofolia isolectin B4 binding, establishing their endothelial nature; however, unlike human hemangioblastic tumors, they did not cross-react with antisera to human factor VIII or fibronectin and they did not demonstrate Ulex europaeus type I lectin (UEA I) binding (as is also the case for non-neoplastic murine vascular endothelial cells). A variety of morphological cell types in cultures derived from the tumors were also positive for Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin B4 binding. Both murine hemangioendotheliomas, when implanted in the cerebrum, were potent inducers of reactive gliosis, but there was no evidence of uptake of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Unlike the human cerebellar hemangioblastomas, murine tumors were malignant and invasive and did not contain stromal cells, nor did they demonstrate Weibel-Palade bodies or extensive pinocytotic activity. Thus, the murine tumors appear to more closely resemble angiosarcomas or epitheloid hemangioblastomas than the cerebellar hemangioblastomas.
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 234-237 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebral contusions ; Plasma proteins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Twenty-five cases of cerebral contusions of varions age were examined immunohistochemically for neuronal uptake of albumin and fibrinogen. The neurons in the damaged areas were heavily stained in all cases, even in those of only a few minutes' survival, and they remained positive for serum proteins until they disappeared from the lesions. In hematoxylin and eosinstained sections, neuronal changes were observed from the first minutes after the lesion but they were indistinguishable from the shrunken “dark” neurons that occur as artifacts in poorly fixed material. However, in contrast to the artificially changed cells, the truely damaged ones took up serum proteins. It is concluded that staining with antisera against serum proteins may serve as early markers for neuronal injury before reliable histological changes have developed.
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 328-330 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Striatonigral degeneration ; Putaminal pigment ; Iron ; Atomic absorption spectroscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We measured the total content of iron, cooper, zinc and manganese in the putamen of four patients with striatonigral degeneration (SND) and age-and gender-matched normal controls. The iron content in the SND patients was five times greater than in the controls. Electron microscopic histochemistry revealed the iron reaction products in the pigments showing a triphasic pattern of coarse, electron-dense globules, fine granular and fibrillary materials, and lamellated structures. These findings suggest that increased iron deposition may be related to pigment formation in the putament of SND.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Prion protein ; Amyloid ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We examined 7 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a methionine-to-valine change at prion protein (PrP) codon 129 (CJD129 patients). These CJD129 patients did not have either a condon 117 or 198 point mutation. For comparison, we also examined 7 patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome (GSS) with a proline-to-leucine change at PrP codon 102 (GSS102 patients) and 13 patients without any known mutations at codons 102, 117, 129, 178, or 200 (CJDwild patients). CJD129 patients had a long clinical duration and ataxia at onset, but rarely had any periodic synchronous discharge in their electroencephalogram. Unlike CJDwild patients, all CJD129 patients have typical congophilic PrP plaques in their brain. These clinicopathological findings were similar to those of GSS102. However, the distribution and morphology of PrP deposits revealed by immunohistochemistry were different between CJD129 and GSS102. In GSS102 more numerous and various types of PrP plaques are seen throughout the brain, while in CJD129 patients a unicentric core was the major feature of PrP plaques. The change in codon 129 influences the clinical course and pathological findings in CJD.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Medulloblastoma ; Primitive neuroectodermal tumor ; Cell differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Surgical specimens from 36 medulloblastomas (25 classic and 11 desmoplastic) were studied by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemistry with antibodies against the class III β-tubulin isotype (β-tubulin), synaptophysin, retinal S-antigen (S−Ag), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We found that neoplastic cells expressed β-tubulin in 91% of the tumors (23 classic and 10 desmoplastic), synaptophysin in 75% (19 classic and 8 desmoplastic), S−Ag in 44% (11 classic and 5 desmoplastic), and GFAP in 11% of medulloblastomas (2 classic and 2 desmoplastic). Synaptophysin and β-tubulin positivities were observed in undifferentiated neoplastic cells, in cells forming neuroplastic rosettes, and in pale islands, while S−Ag immunopositivity was noted in undifferentiated cells, occasionally in β-tubulin-negative neuroblastic rosettes, and exceptionally in pale islands. Large pale islands, in two desmoplastic medulloblastomas, exhibited distinct patterns of immunoreactivity to the above markers, suggesting neuronal and glial differentiation in the central area, and intense neuritic development in the peripheral zone. Our findings confirm the predominant capacity of medulloblastoma cells to differentiate along neuronal cell lines and indicate that large pale islands, in desmoplastic medulloblastomas, represent well-organized areas for neuronal and, to a lesser degree, astroglial differentiation. Furthermore, it appears, in our cases, that immunohistochemical features do not represent clear-cut prognostic indicators in patients with medulloblastomas.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 554-558 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Noradrenergic system ; Hippocampus ; Cerebral ischemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gerbil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We examined changes in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive fibers following 5 min of cerebral ischemia in gerbils using an immunohistochemical method 1, 3 and 30 days after ischemia. Almost all CA-1 pyramidal neurons were lost 3 days after ischemia, whereas noradrenergic fibers were maintained 30 days after ischemia. The present study demonstrated that TH-immunoreactive fibers and cells were resistant to transient ischemia, and that there was no sprouting or hyperactivity in noradrenergic systems after ischemia.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Focal ischemia ; Immediate early genes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Spreading depression ; N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary FOS and JUN proteins are transcription factors thought to be involved in coupling neuronal excitation to target gene expression. Cortical infarction of consistent size and location was produced by irradiating the rat brain with Xenon light through the intact skull for 20 min following systemic injection of the photo-sensitizing dye, rose bengal. To investigate the time course and distribution pattern of five cellular ummediate early gene (IEG)-encoded proteins after focal ischemia, the expression of c-FOS, FOS B, c-JUN, JUN B and JUN D was studied immunocytochemically in sham-operated control animals and at different postischemic time intervals up to 24 h. A separate group of animals was pretreated with the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801. Photochemically induced focal ischemia caused a rapid induction of FOS and JUN proteins in the entire ipsilateral cortex apart from the ischemic focus. Immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral subcortical gray and white matter and in the entire contralateral hemisphere was indistinguishable from control animals. Individual IEG-encoded proteins were sequentially induced with increased levels of immunoreactivity persisting for different time periods up to 24 h. c-FOS, FOS B, c-JUN and JUN B exhibited a characteristic distribution pattern as reflected by different staining intensities in individual cortical layers. The rapid IEG induction in the entire ipsilateral sensorimotor and limbic structure-associated cortices after photochemically induced infarction most likely reflects spreading depression caused by ischemia and mediated by NMDA receptors. This conclusion is supported by the finding that MK-801 pretreatment completely prevented the postischemic induction of FOS proteins and markedly attenuated the levels of JUN immunoreactivity in all cortical regions except in the peri-infarct area.
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 680-685 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Histiocytic markers ; Astrocytoma ; Electron microscopy ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Granular cell tumor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of cerebral granular cell tumor (GCT) is reported. Histologically, the growth was composed of benign astrocytes, granular cells and transitional forms between both elements. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected in the glial component and, to a lesser extent, in the granular cells. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was demonstrated in the latter component only. Ultrastructural study also supported the evidence that neoplastic astrocytes became granular cells. The survey of the literature and our own results suggest that GCTs in this particular location, even when histologically benign, seem to have a worse prognosis than the low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer's disease ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Prion protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We report here a 75-year-old-male with a slowly progressive dementia of 5-year duration along with a rapid exacerbation of symptoms in the terminal 3 months. Neuropathological examinations revealed findings consistent with conspicuous Alzheimer's disease and mild Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The plaque amyloid was exclusively composed of β-protein. The immunohistochemistry of prion protein using hydrolytic autoclaving pretreatment showed diffuse gray matter stainings in the sections of both the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. This method was thus considered useful in confirming the diagnosis of CJD for this case.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Vimentin ; Desmin ; Muscle ; Regeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Localization and distribution of desmin and vimentin have been studied in different neuromuscular disorders using monoclonal antibodies. We have demonstrated that vimentin, although virtually absent in normal human muscle fibers, is expressed in regenerating fibers in different neuromuscular disorders. Moreover, these fibers showed a strong positivity with desmin antibodies. In normal muscle fibers desmin is only localized at Z-line level. These results suggest that desmin and vimentin may be over-expressed during muscle regeneration processes, probably because of their importance in the structural organization of the sarcomere.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neu ropeptides ; CNS ; Teleostei
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in the goldfish brain was studied by means of the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and an antibody to substance P. By 80 h after fertilization, the first SPLI-cell bodies appear in the ventricular zone of the future diencephalon and the first SPLI-fibers appear in the olfactory bulbs. Two days after hatching (which occurs at 100 h after fertilization), SPLI fibers connecting the olfactory bulbs and hypothalamus are seen. In the optic tectum SPLI-fibers appear for the first time 5 days after hatching. In the brain stem, SPLI-cell bodies appear in juvenile animals 40 days after hatching. The highest number and intensity of SPLI-cell bodies and fibers are found in the area postrema. SPLI-cell bodies are also seen in the gustatory nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, reticular formation of the medulla, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and commissural nucleus of Cajal. The significant information gained from the present study is: 1. The rostro-caudal sequence in which the SPLI appears in the developing nuclei of the goldfish brain 2. The reduction of SPLI-cell bodies in some nuclei with age Thus, in the brain stem, SPLI-cell bodies that were labeled in juvenile goldfish were not seen in adults. This might be due to changes in the rate of axonal transport, changes of the SP phenotype during development or cell death. The developmental sequence and relative timing in which SPLI-cell bodies appear in the goldfish, rat and mice are similar.
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 371-377 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ; Electron microscopy ; Teleost ; Astronatus ocellatus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphology of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris and Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) have been studied by light and electron microscopy in the velvet cichlid (Astronotus ocellatus). The RPE is composed of a single layer of large columnar cells. The basal (scleral) border of these cells is minimally infolded, whereas the apical (vitreal) surface displays numerous pigment-laden processes which in light-adaptation surround both rod and cone outer segments. Laterally the RPE cells are joined by a series of basally located tight junctions. Wandering phagocytes are a constant feature within this epithelial membrane. The RPE cells display a large, vesicular nucleus, numerous mitochondria, much smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, myeloid bodies, phagosomes and melanosomes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is relatively scarce within these cells. Although only light-adapted specimens were examined, it is thought that the melanosomes are capable of extensive retinomotor movement. The endothelium of the choriocapillaris facing Bruch's membrane is typically very thin but shows few fenestrations. Bruch's membrane is typical of other teleost species in that it is composed of only three layers.
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 519-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Intestine ; Interstitial cells ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Systematic examination using electron microscopic montages and serial sections has demonstrated that three types of interstitial cell, namely gap junction-rich cells, glycogen-rich cells and fibroblast-like cells, are densely located along the whole extent of the deep muscular plexus of the guinea pig small intestine. They tend to be distributed in an alternating fashion in the cellular network, connected with muscle cells of the outer, circular layer by means of gap junctions. These three types of interstitial cell show close relations to two types of nerve varicosity: one type is characterized by clear round vesicles with diameters of about 50 nm, and the other by flattened vesicles measuring about 35 nm by 70 nm. Electron-dense patches have been observed at the cytoplasmic side of the axonal membranes. Muscle cells of both inner and outer circular layers also show close relations to these two types of nerve varicosity. These morphological features are discussed with the implication that they may have some regulatory role in intestinal movement.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 207-215 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Chromogranin A ; Grimelius' argyrophilia ; Endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Various endocrine cells can be stained by the argyrophil reaction of Grimelius. This silver stain has recently been attributed to chromogranin A, an acidic glycoprotein, that is present in many endocrine cells. Using serial sections of plastic-embedded tissues (adrenal medulla, pancreas, gastric mucosa) various endocrine cells were investigated for their content of chromogranin A immunoreactivity and for their argyrophilia. The findings in four species (man, cattle, pig, guinea pig) showed that chromogranin A immunoreactivity and argyrophil stain partly overlap in identical endocrine cells, but do not necessarily coincide in the majority of endocrine cells. We found that endocrine cells could be positive for chromogranin A and argyrophilia (e.g., aminergic endocrine cells); or positive for chromogranin A but negative for argyrophilia (e.g., insulin cells of all species; somatostatin cells of cattle and pig); or negative for chromogranin A but positive for argyrophilia (e.g., glucagon cells of pig and guinea pig); or negative for chromogranin A and argyrophilia (e.g., somatostatin cells of man and guinea pig). Such heterogeneities of the staining pattern for chromogranin A and argyrophil silver reaction were also observed in individual endocrine cells of a given population (e.g., gastrin cells). Hence, although recent dot-blot tests have shown that chromogranin A is an argyrophilic substance, in tissue sections chromogranin A immunostaining and Grimelius' silver staining did not coincide in various endocrine cells, for unknown reasons. Therefore, it is recommended to use both chromogranin A immunohistochemistry and the classical Grimelius' silver stain to “mark” the vast majority of endocrine cells in tissue sections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 290-296 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Cepharanthine ; Minoxidil ; Culture ; Hair cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of cepharanthine and minoxidil on proliferation, differentiation and keratinization of cultured cells from the murine hair apparatus were examined electron microscopically. Both cepharanthine and minoxidil stimulated cell proliferation and delayed initiation of differentiation and keratinization of the cultured cells. On day 6, most control cells (87%) cultured in a 0.03 mM calcium medium without cepharanthine and minoxidil were differentiated into several subpopulations corresponding to those of in vivo cell layers of the hair apparatus, while most of the cells cultured with cepharanthine (71%) or minoxidil (70%) were still immature. On day 13, the number of degenerated cells increased (63%) in the control culture, whereas in the culture treated with cepharanthine or minoxidil, cell degeneration scarcely occurred (5% and 8%, respectively). Differentiated cells having tonofilaments were often observed in the cepharanthine- and minoxidil-treated cultures (76% and 72%, respectively). Elevation of extracellular calcium up to 1.0 mM induced keratinization (34%) in the control culture on day 6, while no keratinized cells were observed in the cepharanthine- or minoxidil-treated culture. On day 13 keratinization similarly occurred in the cultures with cepharanthine (30%) or minoxidil (48%). These results show that both cepharanthine and minoxidil may directly influence proliferation, differentiation and keratinization of cultured cells from the hair apparatus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 242-245 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Immunogold ; Electron microscopy ; Human skin ; Actin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Normal human skin was embedded in Lowicryl K4M. Actin microfilaments were localized by applyinga postembedding immunogold technique using the monoclonal anti-actin antibody HHF35. Actin microfilaments are part of the cytoskeleton in muscle and nonmuscle cells. Together with myosin they produce contraction. The antibody labelled myofilaments in smooth muscle arrector pili cells, myoepithelial cells and pericytes. In sweat gland cells the microvilli system, a zone beneath the cytoplasma membrane correponding to the adhesion belt region, and apocrine decapitation formations showed labelling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 154-158 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): TNFα ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy ; Epidermis ; Sebaceous glands
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The presence, distribution and cellular localization of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were investigated in normal human and murine epidermis using immunohistological and immunoelectron microscopic methods with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The immunostaining revealed an intercellular plasma membrane and cytoplasmic labelling of the epidermal keratinocytes, but no labelling of Langerhans cells, melanocytes and Merkel cells. Large amounts of TNFα were regularly found in the sebaceous glands. These findings demonstrate that epidermal keratinocytes and especially sebocytes produce and release TNFα and that this keratinocytederived cytokine may be important for the structural and functional homeostasis of normal epidermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 303-306 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Hair follicle ; Basal lamina ; Dermal papilla cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 307-308 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Calmodulin ; Normal human epidermis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 246-249 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Hair ; Connective tissue sheath ; Alpha-Smooth muscle actin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed the presence of α-smooth muscle (α-SM) actin in fibroblasts located in the connective tissue sheath (CTS) of human anagen hair follicles. Immunostaining was positive from the base of the bulb to the upper part of the lower portion of the mature anagen hair follicles. The late catagen hair follicles did not stain. Ultrastructurally, α-SM actin was detected only in the fibroblasts located in the innermost layer of the transverse collagenous fibres. Since α-SM actin is located in cells with contractile potential, this newly identified layer may play an important role in the morphological changes of the lower portion of the hair follicle during the hair growth cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 275-282 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Cherry haemangioma ; Type IV collagen ; Type VI collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The capillaries in cherry haemangiomas show perivascular hyalinized sheaths. In order to clarify the nature of this sheath material, the extracellular matrix of cherry haemangiomas from 20 normal volunteers (age range 30–64 years) was investigated using immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopical methods. Antibodies against collagen types III, IV and VI and laminin were used. Hyaluronic acid was visualized using the hyaluronic acid binding region of the cartilage proteoglycan as ligand. Electronmicroscopically, the sheaths contained multilaminated basement membrane-like material, collagen fibres 20–25 nm thick with a periodicity of 67 nm and broad-banded aggregates with a periodicity of 100 nm (zebra bodies or fibrous long-spacing fibres). Immunohistochemically, type IV collagen was stained throughout the whole sheath material. Staining for laminin was more confined to the endothelial side of the sheath. Intense staining for type III collagen and hyaluronic acid was found in the connective tissue of the subpapillary layer and between the cherry haemangioma capillaries. Much weaker staining for type III collagen and no staining for hyaluronic acid were found invariably in an area 4–10 Μm thick directly around the capillaries. Both sheath material and intercapillary connective tissue of the haemangiomas showed pronounced staining for collagen type VI. Immunogold staining revealed that type VI collagen was localized to microfibrils 5–6 nm thick and to the broad-banded aggregates with 100 nm periodicity. These findings further underline the assumption that the broad-banded aggregates consist of type VI collagen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Malignant melanoma ; Naevocytic naevi ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To evaluate the proliferative activity of benign, borderline and malignant cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms, 30 cases of malignant melanoma (MM) and 41 cases of naevi were studied by immunostaining using a monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA is a nuclear antigen expressed in the late G1 and S phase and serves as a marker of proliferating cells. Invasive MM and MM in situ showed much higher PCNA positivity rates than melanocytic naevi (invasive MM, 18.0%; MM in situ, 11.3%; ordinary melanocytic naevi, 2.6%). The PCNA positivity rate did not increase significantly with the thickness of MM. Among ordinary melanocytic naevi, junctional naevi had a higher PCNA positivity rate than compound or intradermal naevi. Mean PCNA positivity rates for Spitz's naevi and sporadic dysplastic naevi were within the range for ordinary melanocytic naevi, indicating the benign nature of both types of naevus. Contrary to some previous studies, MM in situ showed high proliferative activity, indicating that cells of MM in situ are actively proliferating. This study clearly demonstrates that MM and various types of naevi can be separated according to differences in proliferative activity defined by the PCNA labeling index.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Catheter ; Electron microscopy ; Infection ; Adherence ; Candida albicans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was do describe the architecture of accretions occurring on the tips of central venous catheters (CVC). Design A conservative procedure was used followed by two different techniques of electron microscopy Setting and patients the study included 19 catheters which have been used on intensive cared adults, and which were chosen among those of parallel 300 CVC study. Measurements and results CVC were considered sterile, contaminated, colonized or infected according to microbiological and clinical criteria. CVC were found to remain much cleaner than in past clescriptions. When present, accretions were located on the olive-shaped end, and displayed stratified structures with three types of material: amorphous material, thrombus components and inflammatory cells. Bacteria were not seen, even on culture positive CVC. Candida albicans was found on one CVC in the cytoplasm of ganulocytes, and made xio direct contact with the plastic surface. Conclusion This technique should contribute to the understanding of the pathobiology of CVC infection and provide information proving or precluding the involvement of microbial adherence to polymers in vivo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma ; Collagen ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A rare cellular variant of recurrent extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma occurring in the right lower abdominal wall of a 70-year-old man, is presented with emphasis on a characteristic distribution pattern of cartilaginous collagen proteins in the stroma. While the primary and the first recurrent tumors showed the typical histology of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, the later tumor, which recurred 14 years after the first resection, comprised mostly compact nodules of proliferating anaplastic cells with little mucoid stroma. Some areas presented a hemangiopericytomatous pattern. A few nodules possessed abundant myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemically, type II collagen was demonstrated in the stroma of some cellular areas, and type VI collagen was intensely stained around individual tumor cells both in cellular and myxoid areas. In a comparative immunohistochemical study, the same distribution pattern of cartilaginous collagen proteins was observed only in skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, but not in other mesenchymal tumors with abundant myxoid stroma. These findings seem to support the cartilaginous nature of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and will facilitate the differential diagnosis of soft-tissue tumors with myxoid stroma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 88 (1992), S. 204-212 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebral cortex of man ; Morphology of white matter neurons ; Subplate cells ; Golgi method ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Neurons in the human cerebral cortical white matter below motor, visual, auditory and prefrontal orbital areas have been studied with the Golgi method, immunohistochemistry and diaphorase histochemistry. The majority of white matter neurons are pyramidal cells displaying the typical polarized, spiny dendritic system. The morphological variety includes stellate forms as well as bipolar pyramidal cells, and the expression of a certain morphological phenotype seems to depend on the position of the neuron. Spineless nonpyramidal neurons with multipolar to bitufted dendritic fields constitute less than 10% of the nuerons stained for microtubule associated protein (MAP-2). Only 3% of the MAP-2 immunoreactive neurons display nicotine adenine dinucleotide-diaphorase activity. The white matter pyramidal neurons are arranged in radial rows continuous with the columns of layer VI neurons. Neuron density is highest below layer VI, and decreases with increasing distance from the gray matter. White matter neurons are especially abundant below the primary motor cortex, and are least frequent below the visual cortex area 17. In contrast to other mammalian species, the white matter neurons in man are not only present during development, but persist throughout life.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Hippocampus ; Delayed neuronal death ; Neurofilament ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gerbil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of neurofilament (NF) proteins was studied immunohistochemically in the gerbil hippocampus with antibodies against NF68 (68 Kd molecular weight) and NF200 proteins, and changes in the distribution of NF proteins after transient ischemia were observed in order to investigate the temporal correlation between NF and delayed neuronal death. In the normal hippocampus, NF68-like immunoreactivity (NF68-LI) was densely distributed in nerve processes in CA2, CA3 and the hilus of the dentate gyrus but was less intense in CA1. In contrast, processes with NF200-LI appeared to be evenly distributed in CA1, CA2, CA3 and the dentate gyrus. Mongolian gerbils were subjected to transient ischemia for 5 min by bilateral carotid occlusion and subjected to immunohistochemistry 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after ischemia. Following transient ischemia, prior to neuronal cell death, the intensity of both NF68-LI and NF200-LI decreased in the whole hippocampal formation. This decrease was more obvious in the case of NF68-LI than NF200-LI. Four days after ischemia, when neuronal death of CA1 pyramidal cells had occurred, processes in CA1, particularly 68 Kd components, showed marked decreases in number and staining intensity, although processes in most layers of CA2, CA3 and the dentate gyrus appeared to be stained similarly to normal brain. Since NF68 protein is considered to be the major component of NF proteins and NF200 is an associated accessory protein, the current observations suggest that the poor distribution of NF68 in CA1 and the early loss of NF proteins may be closely related to selective vulnerability of CA1 pyramidal cells and delayed neuronal death.
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 89 (1992), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Vestibule ; Calretinin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vestibular primary neuron ; Mammalian
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemical investigations with calretinin, a neuronal calcium binding protein, were made in the vestibular end organs of five guinea pigs and one chinchilla. A specific pattern of immunoreactivity of afferent nerve fibers was found. Immunostaining was restricted to thick fibers innervating the apex of the cristae or the striola of the utricular macula. A study of serial sections revealed that the stained afferents gave rise to calyx endings, but not to collaterals containing bouton endings. The results are consistent with the conclusion that, of the three classes of fibers defined by Fernendez et al. (1988, 1990), only calyx units are calretinin immunoreactive. A count of the number of labelled fibers in the chinchilla crista suggests that the entire population of calyx units is immunoreactive. The conclusion is surprising since the physiology of calyx units does not differ qualitatively from that of other afferents (Baird et al. 1988; Goldberg et al. 1990). The presence of this protein in the calyx neurons may be related to specific postsynaptic functions of this type of afferents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Immunocytochemistry ; Visual pathways ; Electron microscopy ; Hamster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The expression of specific calcium binding proteins is being used increasingly as a potential neuroanatomical marker for neurons with similar functions. In this study, the distribution of calbindin D28k in the superior colliculus (SC) of adult hamsters was examined by light and electron microscopy. Calbindin immunoreactivity was prominent in specific regions and laminae of the SC throughout its rostrocaudal extent, and was found to label horizontal, vertical and stellate cell types. In addition, calbindin label highlighted “bridges” of neuronal processes in the intermediate layers. The most frequent calbindin-immunoreactive profiles seen in the electron microscope were dendrites, some of which were post-synaptic to apparent retinal ganglion cell axon terminals. Labelled axons and axon terminals were less frequently encountered. There was considerable overlap between the size distribution of calbindin D28k-immunoreactive neurons and that of GABA-immunoreactive or Nissl stained neurons in the SC. However, using a double fluorescent labelling technique, and examination of the tissue with confocal laser microscopy, no neurons were observed in the hamster SC that showed immunoreactivity for both calbindin and GABA. In this regard, the SC is similar to the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus and the pretectum, but differs from the neocortex, where calbindin and GABA are colocalized. The demonstration in the SC, as well as other parts of the nervous system, of sub-populations of neurons that contain distinct calcium-binding proteins suggests that these neurons have different functional properties. Correlative studies may clarify the relevance of these cytoplasmic components as cell markers, as well as their different patterns of association with neurotransmitters and peptides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Dopamine-rich transplants ; Fos protein ; Nigrostriatal system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The aim of the present experiment was to characterize the effect of intrastriatal grafts of embryonic dopaminergic neurones on the expression of Fos protein in the striatum when challenged with amphetamine. Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway were made in adult rats and grafting was performed 3 weeks later. The numbers of Fos-positive nuclei in the ipsi- and contralateral striata were counted on coronal sections following immunohistochemical staining 5 months after grafting. Administration of d-amphetamine induced an increase in the density of Fospositive nuclei in the intact striatum. This stimulatory effect of amphetamine on c-fos expression was blocked by 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide lesions and was restored in the striata bearing transplants. However, an overshoot was observed as the density of Fos-positive cells within the grafted striatum was larger than that observed within the intact striatum. This hyperexpression of Fos-positive nuclei was correlated with the exaggerated compensation of amphetamine-induced rotation in the same animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Hemiparkinsonism ; MPTP ; Dopaminergic neurons ; Mechanographic electromyographic studies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monkey
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A single infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP) into the right internal carotid artery of Macaca mulatta, monkeys resulted in akinesia and rigidity of the contralateral limb. The immunohistochemical study revealed a dramatic reduction in the number of TH-immunoreactive cells in the substantia nigra of the infused side (70–81%). After unilateral MPTP-treatment movement parameters and EMG activity were altered; the agonist muscle developed increased EMG activity associated with a shift of antagonist muscle activity. These results confirm that hemiparkinsonian monkeys are a valuable model of parkinsonism which can be useful in studies of movement disorder physiology and therapy of Parkinson's disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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