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  • 1990-1994  (107)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1860-1869
  • 1990  (107)
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A monoclonal antibody (Mab 67) marks type B synoviocytes (1990)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 10 (1990), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Synovium ; Synoviocytes ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The functionally important lining cells of the synovium (types A and B synoviocytes) are the subjects of much study but have presented problems with their characterization and microscopical identification, particularly at the light level. Type A (macrophage-like) synoviocytes, however are more easily localized than the type B (fibroblast-like) variety because of the greater availability of antimacrophage antisera. We describe, using light and electron microscopy, a monoclonal antibody which in the synovial intimal layer is specific for type B synoviocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274823
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Erklärung unspezifischer serologischer Reaktionen in fauligem Knochengewebe (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 103 (1990), S. 593-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: ABO in bones ; Putrification ; Extraction ; Immunohistochemistry ; ABO an Knochen ; Fäulnis ; Extraktion ; Immunhistochemie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Knochenteile wurden in Wasser bei Raumtemperatur 2 Jahre aufbewahrt and anschließend serologischen Untersuchungen unterzogen. Zur Anwendung kamen folgende Untersuchungsmethoden: Absorptions-Elutionstest, Extraktion von Blutgruppensubstanzen, Immunhistochemie (PAP). In frischen Knochen ergaben alle 3 Methoden im wesentlichen spezifische Ergebnisse. In faulen Knochenproben zeigten das Absorptions-Elutions-und das PAP-Verfahren unspezifische Reaktionen. Die Reaktionen in den Extrakten waren dagegen eher spezifisch, jedoch extrem schwach. Daraus wird der Schluß gezogen, daß bei der Entstehung unspezifischer Reaktionen in faulendem Knochengewebe rein physikalische Bindungen von Antikörpern mit dem durch Fäulnis veränderten Knochenmaterial eine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
    Notes: Summary Bone fragments were stored in water for 2 years at room temperature and investigated serologically using the following methods: Absorptionelution, extraction of blood group substances and immunohistochemistry (PAP). All 3 methods gave essentially specific results for fresh bone tissue but with putrid bone tissue unspecific reactions were found predominantly with the absorption-elution and PAP techniques. In contrast, more specific reactions were obtained from the extracts although they were much weaker. From this it can be concluded that pure physical binding plays a substantial role in the unspecific reaction between antibodies and bone material. It is suggested that the relevant physical properties are altered by putrifaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202720
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation and application of a monoclonal antibody raised against a recombinant cytomegalovirus-specific polypeptide (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1003-1007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cytomegalovirus ; Procaryotic expression ; Recombinant antigen ; Phosphorylated protein pp150 ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunofluorescence ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Procedures for diagnostics of cytomegalovirus infections include histopathology, cell culture, serology, and direct detection of viral antigens or nucleic acids within infected cells or tissues. In order to develop a new diagnostic reagent for viral antigen detection, we generated a mouse monoclonal antibody. This antibody was raised against a recombinant antigen representing part of the large phosphorylated structural protein pp150 of human cytomegalovirus. The monoclonal antibody was shown to be useful for antigen detection by immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic staining in infected cells from cell culture as well as from infected organs. The antibody proved to be reactive even in paraffin-embedded sections from tissue specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646545
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Erklärung unspezifischer serologischer Reaktionen in fauligem Knochengewebe (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 103 (1990), S. 593-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: ABO in bones ; Putrification ; Extraction ; Immunohistochemistry ; ABO an Knochen ; Fäulnis ; Extraktion ; Immunhistochemie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Knochenteile wurden in Wasser bei Raumtemperatur 2 Jahre aufbewahrt und anschließend serologischen Untersuchungen unterzogen. Zur Anwendung kamen folgende Untersuchungsmethoden: Absorptions-Elutionstest, Extraktion von Blutgruppensubstanzen, Immunhistochemie (PAP). In frischen Knochen ergaben alle 3 Methoden im wesentlichen spezifische Ergebnisse. In faulen Knochenproben zeigten das Absorptions-Elutions-und das PAP-Verfahren unspezifische Reaktionen. Die Reaktionen in den Extrakten waren dagegen eher spezifisch, jedoch extrem schwach. Daraus wird der Schluß gezogen, daß bei der Entstehung unspezifischer Reaktionen in faulendem Knochengewebe rein physikalische Bindungen von Antikörpern mit dem durch Fäulnis veränderten Knochenmaterial eine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
    Notes: Summary Bone fragments were stored in water for 2 years at room temperature and investigated serologically using the following methods: Absorptionelution, extraction of blood group substances and immunohistochemistry (PAP). All 3 methods gave essentially specific results for fresh bone tissue but with putrid bone tissue unspecific reactions were found predominantly with the absorption-elution and PAP techniques. In contrast, more specific reactions were obtained from the extracts although they were much weaker. From this it can be concluded that pure physical binding plays a substantial role in the unspecific reaction between antibodies and bone material. It is suggested that the relevant physical properties are altered by putrifaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01261424
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of peptidergic nerves in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (1990)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 5 (1990), S. 110-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ; Enkephalin ; Substance P ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the recent literature it has been noted that peptidergic nerves may play an important role in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Specimens from 20 patients with HPS were examined by immunohistochemistry with regard to the distribution of nerve cells and nerve fibers containing enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Three subpopulations of peptides containing nerve cells and fibers were fairly numerous in the control specimens, but in the patients with HPS the density of the nerve fibers was markedly reduced and occasionally absent, especially the ENK- and VIP-containing fibers. In the myenteric plexus there was neither a reduction of nerve cell bodies nor of fibers. Our findings suggest that abnormalities of peptide-containing nerve fibers or impairment of neuronal function might results in HPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178228
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular schwannoma (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 237-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Neurilemoma ; Pseudosarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytogenetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of 29 cellular schwannomas is described in terms of their clinical presentation and course, light and electron-microscopic appearance, immunohistochemical properties and cytogenetics. The study indicates that cellular schwannoma can be defined as a subtype of classical schwannoma, characterized by spindle cells forming a compact fascicular, sometimes fibrosarcoma-like growth pattern, a low mitotic activity, a generally moderate nuclear and cellular polymorphism and a high degree of Schwann cell differentiation as seen by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The tumour is characteristically located close to the vertebral column, in the mediastinum or retroperitoneum and has a benign course. Occasionally bone destruction and neurological symptoms develop. The clinical appearance together with the high cellularity, fascicular pattern and mitotic activity had led to the erroneous diagnosis of a soft tissue sarcoma in a few cases, and cellular schwannoma may thus be considered to be a pseudosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, cellular schwannomas appear to deviate from classical schwannomas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours by their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The chromosome analysis revealed a normal diploid stemline karyotype, with a variety of abnormal clones, including one with monosomy 22.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678983
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, CD30/Ki-1 positive, expressing the CD15/Leu-M1 antigen (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antigen expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this report we analyze the morphological and immunohistochemical findings observed in 5 cases of CD30/Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a recently recognized neoplastic entity. In comparison with the Ki-1 lymphomas so far described, these cases showed a fairly large number of Reed-Sternberg-like cells, often admixed with small lymphocytes and occasional eosinophils. Moreover, in all our cases immunohistochemical reactions detected the CD15/ Leu-M1 antigen, together with markers of the T-lineage and of lymphoid activation. In previous studies the CD15/Leu-M1 antigen has been found in the majority of cases of Hodgkin's disease, but has been stated to be absent typically in Ki-1 lymphomas. Our results indicate that this antigen cannot be considered a reliable tool to distinguish between Ki-1 lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. Furthermore, the morphological and immunohistochemical findings reported suggest that in some cases Ki-1 cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease may be closely related. They may represent different steps in the progression of the same lymphoproliferative disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678982
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant angioendotheliomatosis (Angiotropic lymphoma) of the gallbladder (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gallbladder ; Malignant angioendotheliomatosis ; Malignant lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present a case of malignant angioendotheliomatosis of the gallbladder, the first reported. Diagnostic problems connected with this rare malignancy are underlined. Immunohistochemical studies were useful in providing further evidence of the lymphoid nature of the neoplasm and avoiding possible misdiagnosis. We suggest that the term “angiotropic lymphoma” might be more appropriate to define this malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600140
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-functional malignant paraganglioma of the stomach (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Stomach ; Paraganglioma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the second case of a malignant paraganglioma of the stomach in a 56-year-old female patient. However, our case is the first investigated by immunohistochemistry and electron-microscopy. The tumour was characterized immunohistochemically by the presence of neurofilament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, ACTH, leu-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and ultrastructurally by demonstration of neurosecretory granules and paranuclear intermediate filament whorls. Despite massive metastatic spread in the abdominal cavity, the patient is still alive 4 years after initial diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600143
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of the abnormal cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis x) (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Langerhans cell histiocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunophenotypic properties of the abnormal cells in routine specimens from 16 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) were examined. In five cases, cryostat sections were also available. The abnormal cells expressed a similar phenotype and were positive for HLA-DR, S-100 protein, peanut agglutinin (PNA), CD1a, CD4 and several macrophage-associated markers, including CD11c, CDw32 and CD68 (the latter detectable in routine sections with antibody KP1). Staining with CD14, CD35 (C3b receptor), and CD11b (C3bi receptor) was negative with the exception of one of the cases in which a proportion of the cells showed faint positivity with CD11b. Staining for pan-T-cell (CD2, CD3, CD5) and panB-cell (CD 19, CD22) antigens was negative in all lesions. It is concluded that LCH expresses a characteristic phenotype with some heterogeneity with regard to macrophage markers and that immunohistochemical methods in cryostat sections and routine specimens form a useful supplement to other techniques for the diagnosis of this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605145
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spleen in osteomyelofibrosis (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hematopoiesis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Osteomyelofibrosis ; Spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 30 spleens from patients with biopsy proven primary osteomyelofibrosis were studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods. The presence of trilinear haematopoiesis along the splenic circulatory pathway supports the theory that the spleen acquires haematopoietic precursor cells by filtration of the peripheral blood. In addition, impairment of intrasplenic circulation with subsequent red pulp congestion, pulp cord fibrosis and haemophagocytosis is of importance for the pathogenesis of both marked splenic haematopoiesis and complications due to hypersplenism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605150
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-cystic tumour of the pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 535-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pancreatic tumour ; Immunohistochemistry ; Flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies and DNA flow-cytometric investigations were performed in a case of solid-cystic tumour of the pancreas in a 35-year-old woman. All tumour cells were immunoreactive for the neuroendocrine cell markers chromogranin A and neuron-specificγ-enolase. Moreover, about 10% of tumour cells were immunoreactive for insulin, while hypoglycaemia was absent. Few tumour cells (less than 1%) were immunoreactive for somatostatin, and no cells were found to be immunoreactive for pancreatic polypeptide or glucagon. No immunoreactivity was present for duct cell marker carcino-embryonic antigen and only individual cells were reactive forα 1-antitrypsin. Nuclear DNA content of the tumour cells was diploid and the proliferative activity was low. In confirmation of some reports on neuroendocrine markers in solid-cystic tumour of the pancreas, our findings support the theory that the lesion is a hormonally inactive neuroendocrine pancreatic tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600305
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of primary cerebral lymphoma with particular reference to CT-guided stereotactic biopsy (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Brain neoplasm ; Stereotactic brain biopsy ; Histological diagnosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In establishing the histological diagnosis of primary cerebral lymphoma, stereotactic brain tumour biopsy is the method of choice as the mainstay of therapy is radiation and chemotherapy. This study describes the histopathology and diagnostic immunohistochemistry of 54 primary brain lymphomas in a mainly non-AIDS population. The stereotactic biopsies were performed using the Leksell CT stereotactic frame and a spiral needle which procured about 10-mm-long tissue cylinders. Usually, three successive biopsy cylinders were taken along the target trajectory. Histological examination revealed the prevalence of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the polymorphous centroblastic type. The series did not include any low-grade lymphomas or T-cell lymphomas. L-26 immunohistochemistry resulted in a positive staining of the blasts, thus confirming the B-cell origin of primary brain lymphomas. Small reactive T-lymphocytes and monohistiocytic cells were also found within and at the periphery of the lymphomas and in areas of degeneration. In the biopsies of nine patients, who had shown significant reduction of the lesions on the CT scans, after corticosteroid medication, regressive tissue changes were predominant and consisted of T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and occasionally bizarre reactive astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600105
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships among expression, transcription and rearrangement of T-cell receptor Β gene in T-cell lymphomas (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: T-cell receptors ; Malignant lymphomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Transcription ; Rearrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of T-cell receptors (TCR) in malignant lymphomas was examined immunohistochemically by monoclonal antibodies which react with the TCRΒ or TCRδ chain. TCRΒ was expressed in 16 out of 47 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. These included 15 T-cell lymphomas and 1 Ki-1 lymphoma. The anti-TCRΒ chain antibody,ΒF1, did not react with 26 B-cell lymphomas, 1 Ki-1 lymphoma or 6 Hodgkin's disease. The anti-TCRδ chain antibody, TCRδ1, did not react with any type of malignant lymphoma. Although TCRΒ and CD3 were co-expressed in normal lymphoid tissues and most T-cell lymphomas, 3 cases of CD3+CD4+ CD8−T-cell lymphoma failed to express TCR0. TCRΒ and Ig JH gene configurations in malignant lymphomas were examined by Southern hybridization. Although each of 9 T-cell lymphomas had a rearranged TCRΒ locus, TCRΒ gene rearrangement in the 3 cases ofΒF1−CD3+T-cell lymphomas was demonstrated by Southern blot. No transcripts of the TCRΒ gene could be found in 2 out of the 3ΒF1−CD3+T-cell lymphomas by Northern blot, indicating the lack of TCRΒ protein expression to be due to non-transcription of the TCR gene. Loss of TCRΒ proteins in these T-cell lymphomas is thus quite likely to be associated with T-cell tumour activation and progression, since 3ΒF1−CD3+T-cell lymphomas expressed CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor) to a high degree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600110
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    So-called minute chemodectoma of the lung (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Minute chemodectoma ; Lung ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary So-called minute pulmonary chemodectoma is a curious, small lung tumour found mainly in women. The nature and origin of the proliferating cells are still obscure. In the first report on the tumour, the component cells were described as resembling chemoreceptor cells and the tumour was named chemodectoma. However, electron microscopic studies of the tumour have revealed no evidence of neuronal characteristics and have shown a close resemblance to meningothelial cells. In this study, the electron microscopic findings were similar to those previously reported but in one of the two cases, tumour cells were filled with abundant cytofilaments, giving them an occasional dense, patch-like appearance. Immunostaining for myosin and vimentin was positive in all tumour cells, but epithelial membrane antigen staining was not seen. These findings indicate that the tumour might have its origin from muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190528
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological study on collagenous proteins of benign and malignant human cartilaginous tumours of bone (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chondrosarcoma ; Chondroma ; Collagen ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistological distribution of collagen types I, II, III, V and VI in human benign and malignant cartilaginous tumours of bone was examined with regard to their aggressiveness. The matrix of enchondromas consisted of type II collagen distributed diffusely, and type VI predominantly localized in the immediate surroundings of the cells. Types I, III and V collagen were not found. These findings were similar to the distribution of collagenous proteins in normal hyaline cartilage where each lobule was consistently rimmed by types I and V collagen. In grade 1 chondrosarcomas, the main collagenous components of matrix were also types II and VI collagen. Type II was sometimes found in the cytoplasm of tumour cells and type VI tended to lose territorial localization. In addition, type I collagen was demonstrated consistently and type V in some cases. In grade 2 chondrosarcomas, type II collagen was demonstrated not only in the matrix but occasionally in the cytoplasm of tumour cells. Type VI was dispersed in the intercellular areas. The other collagenous proteins such as types I, III and V were also present in the matrix. In grade 3 chondrosarcomas, type II collagen was localized predominantly in the cytoplasm of tumour cells and in the adjacent matrix. Type VI was markedly decreased with complete loss of pericellular distribution, whereas types I, III and V were constantly present in the matrix. Those alterations in the distribution of collagen types correlated well with the aggressive behaviour of the tumours. The findings suggest that distribution of different collagen types in cartilaginous tumours reflects the immaturity of the tumour cells and is a useful indicator of their aggressiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605779
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of oestrogen receptors and progesterone receptors in the human ovary throughout the menstrual cycle (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oestrogen receptor ; Progesterone receptor ; Human ovary ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the distribution of oestrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in the human ovary during folliculogenesis. Primordial and preantral follicles did not contain ER or PR. The granulosa cells of antral follicles had ER, but negligible PR, before the LH surge. In contrast, at the time of LH surge, these cells of the dominant follicle contained PR, but not ER. On the other hand, granulosa cells of the non-dominant follicles had ER, but not PR. After ovulation, the PR persisted in the luteinized granulosa cells and in the corpus luteum during early pregnancy. The theca interna and surrounding stromal cells were ER-negative and PR-positive throughout the menstrual cycle. Thus, the results show that ER and PR are not expressed simultaneously in the granulosa cells, the thecal cells, or the stromal cells during folliculogenesis. Mechanisms controlling the expression of steroid receptors during the normal menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606025
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatoblastoma with marked elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pancreatic neoplasm ; Glandular epithelial neoplasm ; Child ; Alpha ; fetoprotein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The autopsy findings in a pancreatoblastoma in a 7-year-old Japanese girl is reported. The tumour was in the head and body of the pancreas, and was associated with diffuse carcinomatous peritonitis and hepatic and pulmonary metastases. There was marked elevation (more than 10000 ng/ml) of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Histopathologically the tumour was composed of solid epithelial elements with fibrous stroma, showing acinar arrangement, squamoid clusters and tubular structures. The epithelial elements contained numerous fine PAS positive granules in the cytoplasm. Immunocytochemical results suggested epithelial differentiation with positivity to alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), keratin, CA19-9, and AFP. No endocrine elements were recognized. Characteristic feature of this tumour are discussed and compared with prevoius reports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678986
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoskeletal characteristics of myofibroblasts in benign neoplastic and reactive fibroblastic lesions (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 375-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myofibroblast ; Cytoskeleton ; Desmoid tumour ; Desmin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The characteristics of the cytoskeleton of myofibroblasts were examined immunohistochemically in 10 extra-abdominal desmoid tumours, 3 palmar and 2 plantar fibromatoses and 5 nodular fasciites; in the cultured cells of one desmoid tumour, and also ultrastructurally in 3 desmoid tumours. Polyclonal anti-desmin antibody reacted with the cells in 7 extra-abdominal desmoid tumours, 1 palmar fibromatosis, 1 plantar fibromatosis and 3 nodular fasciites. Monoclonal antidesmin antibody reacted with cells in only 2 desmoid tumours. Desmin-positive spindle cells were scattered throughout these lesions. There were no marked ultrastructural differences between desmin-positive and desmin-negative desmoids. All specimens except one specimen of nodular fasciitis showed immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Muscle actin-positive cells were observed in all specimens. Cultured cells gave positive reactions with polyclonal desmin antibody as well as to vimentin antibodies and two preparations of actin antibodies, whereas the original tumour did not react with desmin antibody. The present studies suggested that the cytoskeleton of some myofibroblasts in both neoplastic and reactive lesions resembles that of smooth muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605141
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complementary expression of melanosomal antigens and constant expression of pigment-independent antigen during the evolution of melanocytic tumours (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 513-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Tyrosinase ; Malignant melanoma ; Metastasis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have generated monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against melanosomal proteins (MoAb 1C11 and MoAb HMSA-1) and a cytoplasmic protein strongly synthesized in neoplastic melanocytes but not associated with melanogenesis (MoAb 7H11). An immunohistochemical study of paraffin sections showed that nearly 90% of epidermal neoplastic melanocytes, including melanomas, expressed 1C11 antigen, whereas this antigen was poorly preserved in dermal melanocytic cells except melanomas. HMSA-1 antigen was expressed in a complementary manner to 1C11 antigen, being found in dermal naevus cells but not generally in the epidermal regions, except for dysplastic naevi and melanomas. In contrast, 7H11 antigen was distributed in nearly 90% of melanocytic tumours except solar lentigo and lentigo maligna lesions. The failure of MoAb 1C11 to react with dermal melanocytes may reflect a subtle alteration in melanogenesis during tumour evolution. Overall, the combined use of MoAbs serves as an accurate diagnosis of melanocytic tumours, the pigment-independent MoAb 7H11 being particularly useful for amelanotic and metastatic lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600302
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of possible changes in keratin expression during neoplastic transformation of the uterine mucosa (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cervix ; Endometrium ; Keratins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study aimed to examine possible changes in keratin expression during neoplastic transformation of the uterine mucosa and possible differences in keratin expression between endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas. Routinely processed specimens with normal morphology or neoplastic changes were stained immunohistochemically using 5 commercial antibodies to keratinfilaments of molecular weight 39–58 kD: CAM 5.2, RCK 102, MCA 144, PKE and PRE. We generally found a change in keratin expression during the neoplastic transformation, consisting of pronounced heterogeneity compared with normal epithelia. In distinguishing koilocytic atypia from CIN, RCK 102 (52.5, 58 Kd) may prove helpful as it stains neoplastic cells strongly and shows no reaction in koilocytes. Staining with the antibody CAM 5.2 (reactive with 39, 43, 50 kD filaments) may aid in distinguishing between cervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas. The former is stained uniformly; the latter shows a more variable staining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605289
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyloid in intervertebral discs of surgery and autopsy material (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Amyloidosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intervertebral disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intervertebral discs from 82 consecutive operations on herniation and 59 autopsies (one case with generalized amyloidosis) were studied. Amyloid deposits observed in surgical and autopsy specimens increased with age in both series. Degenerative changes were related to age and to amyloid deposits in autopsy, but not in surgical cases. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposits (often in proximity to amyloid deposits) were found in autopsy discs of six patients and in surgical specimens of three patients with previous operations on herniated discs. Antisera against amyloid fibril proteins of different types including AA-, Aλ-, Aκ, AF- and AB-types showed no reaction with disc amyloid. In one case with generalized Aλ-amyloidosis the disc amyloid was not of the Aλ-type. Based on our results, we suppose that disc amyloid is a form of localized senile amyloidosis — possibly representing a new class of amyloid limited to cartilage tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605294
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of granulocytic sarcomas and malignant lymphomas on formalin-fixed material (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Granulocytic sarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Naphthol ASD chloroacetate reaction ; Nasal region ; Malignant lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A panel of monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD45 [common leukocyte antigen], Ki-B3, L26, MT1, UCHL1, anti-CD15 [X-hapten], anti-neutrophil granule protein elastase [NP57]), anti-lysozyme, and the naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate reaction were applied to two cases of granulocytic sarcoma (GS) for evaluation of their utility in differentiating GS from malignant lymphoma. Lysozyme and naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase were found to be the most reliable markers for detection of the myeloid nature of the tumour cells. GS infiltrated solely the mucosa of the nasal cavity in one case, while in the other it involved both the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus with simultaneous eruptions on the skin of the trunk. In both cases, peripheral blood and bone marrow findings were inconspicuous at the time of diagnosis of GS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605296
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological detection and quantification of lipoprotein(a) deposition in atheromatous lesions of human aorta and coronary arteries (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Arteriosclerosis ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Apoprotein (a) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipoprotein(a), as an atherogenic particle, represents an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. In the present study the morphological distribution of apoprotein (a) and apoprotein B within the arterial wall is described. Apoprotein B, a constituent of very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) has previously been demonstrated in atheromatous lesions. Lipoprotein(a) possesses an additional protein, designated apoprotein (a). Autopsy material (n=74) from the left coronary artery and from the thoracic aorta has been examined by means of immunohistochemistry and both apoprotein (a) and apoprotein B were detected, primarily associated with the extracellular matrix and accumulating in lesions in the arterial wall. The staining pattern for both antigens was almost always found to be congruent, suggesting that the detection of (a)-antigen has to be attributed at least in part to the presence of lipoprotein(a). It is concluded that both low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) have an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190527
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin deposits in hereditary cystatin C amyloidosis (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hereditary disease ; Amyloidosis ; Skin ; Cysteine proteinase inhibitor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinically normal skin from 47 individuals aged 9–70 years was investigated. Cystatin C amyloid deposits were found in various locations of the skin by light and/or electron microscopy, in all 12 patients with a clinical history of hereditary cystatin C amyloidosis (HCCA). Six asymptomatic individuals, who had the Alu 1 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker reported to cosegregate with the disease, also had cystatin C amyloid deposits in the skin. Three asymptomatic individuals (age 17–46) belonging to the HCCA families were without amyloid in the skin but had Alu 1 RFLP marker. Skin from 12 individuals who served as controls and skin from 14 close relatives of the patients was negative for amyloid. Punch biopsy of the skin is a simple procedure which is of value for the diagnosis of HCCA, even before the appearance of clinical symptoms. This method might also be of use in following progression of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605784
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin therapy prevents spontaneous recovery from streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Syrian hamsters (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 333-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Streptozotocin ; Diabetes ; Syrian hamsters ; Autoradiography ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Streptozotocin (Sz) given as a single dose of 50 mg/kg body wt. caused severe diabetes in Syrian hamsters. However, the level of blood glucose decreased gradually after 21 days post-Sz and reached the near normal level at 70 days in 90% of hamsters. The recovery from diabetes was associated with the regeneration of theβ-cells of islets and a reduction in the initially increased number ofα- andδ-cells. Daily treatment of diabetic hamsters with insulin was associated with the persistence of severe diabetes, lack of or minimal tendency forβ-cell regeneration and sustained hyperplasia ofα- andδ-cells in 90% of hamsters. Insulin also inhibited DNA synthesis (as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine), in ductal, ductular and acinar cells in Sz-pretreated hamsters but not in normoglycemic control hamsters treated with insulin alone. The results demonstrate a deleterious effect of exogenous insulin in the course of Sz-induced diabetes in hamsters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605785
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone in functioning corticotroph adenomas of the pituitary (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Corticotroph adenoma ; Adrenocorticotropin ; Luteinizing hormone ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two pituitary adenomas removed from a 37-year-old woman and a 26-year-old woman with typical Cushing's disease were studied by light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay of tissue culture media. Both patients had high plasma levels of cortisol and normal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). Both tumours were monomorphous, composed of densely granulated corticotrophs; the tumour cells contained periodic acid-Schiff positivity, were arranged in a sinusoidal pattern and, ultrastructurally, contained well-developed cytoplasmic organelles. By immunohistochemistry the majority of tumour cells contained immunoreactive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH); approximately 10% of the tumour cell population contained LH immunoreactivity. The LH-positive cells tended to form clusters scattered widely throughout the tumour tissues. LH immunoreactivity was demonstrated in some ACTH-immunoreactive cells on serial sections. Large amounts of immunoreactive ACTH and smaller quantities of LH, follicle stimulating hormone and αsubunit were released into the culture media and release of the glycoprotein hormones responded in parallel to corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation or inhibition by cortisol. These findings indicate that LH can be simultaneously produced and released by ACTH-producing tumour cells of otherwise typical functioning corticotroph adenomas. The capacity for LH production may be acquired during neoplastic proliferation. This is the first detailed report of concurrent production of LH by pituitary corticotroph adenomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605790
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of prostate-specific antigen expression in different tumour growth patterns present in prostatectomy specimens (1990)
    Springer
    Urological research 18 (1990), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Prostatic carcinoma ; Prostate-specific antigen ; Prostate-specific acid phosphatase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Differential expression ; Tumour architecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of 55 randomly chosen radical prostatectomy specimens was analyzed for expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by immunohistochemical techniques. Tissue sections were selected in such a manner that in addition to glandular benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), one or more different prostatic tumour growth patterns were present. Four monoclonal antibodies, directed against three different PSA epitopes, and one polyclonal anti-PSA antiserum were used. Expression of PSA was compared with that of prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP), recognized by two different polyclonal antisera. A critical dilution aimed at a maximum of staining intensity on BPH tissue sections was chosen for all antibodies. Anti-PSA and anti-PAP antisera stained essentially all BPH samples (over 90%). Irrespective of the nature of the antibodies used, PSA expression was found to be decreased in prostatic carcinoma. A clear cut relationship was found between immunoreactivity for PSA and the degree of differentiation of the tumour area. Under the experimental conditions used the PSA monoclonal antibodies stained only 1 out of 10 undifferentiated carcinomas, whereas 50% to 70% of the well- and moderately-differentiated carcinomas showed immunoreactivity. This correlation was less pronounced with the PAP staining pattern. If the PSA antibody titer was raised the percentage of clearly staining undifferentiated carcinomas could be considerably increased (up to 60%–100%), indicating that PSA expression is not absent, but lowered in most (if not all) undifferentiated carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295844
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parkinson's disease: an immunohistochemical study of Lewy body-containing neurons in the enteric nervous system (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 581-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Parkinson's disease ; Lewy body ; Enteric nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We performed immunohistochemical analysis of specimens from three autopsied patients with Parkinson's disease, using antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin, met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin and substance P in an attempt to reveal the types of neurons that contain Lewy bodies (LBs) in the paravertebral and celiac sympathetic ganglia and in the enteric nervous system of the alimentary tract. In the sympathetic ganglia, almost all LB-containing neuronal cell bodies and processes were immunoreactive for TH. In the alimentary tract, however, most LBs were found in the VIP-immunoreactive (VIP-IR) neuronal cell bodies and processes. In spite of the significant presence of TH-IR neuronal cell bodies and processes in the alimentary tract, LB-containing TH-IR neuronal elements were rarely encountered. These findings indicate that in the alimentary tract, the VIP neuron system is mainly involved in the disease process of Parkinson's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294234
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creatine kinase isozyme expression in prenatal rat heart (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 182 (1990), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Creatine kinase ; Development ; Distribution ; Rat ; Heart ; Muscle ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution pattern of creatine kinase (E.C 2.7.3.2) isozymes in prenatal rat heart and skeletal muscle was studied by immunohistochemistry. Between embryonic day (ED) 12–18, creatine kinase M (CK-M) is heterogeneously expressed in the heart: a pronounced staining of CK-M is first observed in the outflow tract and the trabeculae of the right ventricle (ED12-14), and subsequently in the venous valves, the interatrial septum and the sinoatrial node. From ED18 onwards, a homogeneous expression of CK-M is observed due to an increase in isozyme concentration in the remaining part of the myocardium. By contrast, the developmental appearance of creatine kinase B (CK-B) occurs almost homogeneously throughout the heart between ED11-14. Thereafter, a decrease of the CK-B is first observed in the inflow tract (in particular in the sinoatrial node), in the inner part of those atrial walls that are adjacent to the atrioventricular junction, and temporarily in a band in the upper part of the interventricular septum. From ED18, a selective disappearance of CK-B is found in the papillary muscle of the left ventricle. At birth, a considerable amount of CK-B remains present in the ventricular walls. Although some of the stage-dependent regional differences in expression of the creatine kinase isozymes, in particular those of the M-subunit, are shared by other mammalian and avian species, their significance for the developmental changes in the physiology of the heart is speculative at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174018
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric distribution of calbindin-D28K in the ganglia habenulae of an elasmobranch fish (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 181 (1990), S. 389-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Calbindin-D28K ; Immunohistochemistry ; Habenular ganglia ; Elasmobranchs ; Scyliorhinus canicula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using an antibody raised against a purified chick duodenal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, the presence and distribution of calbindin has been studied immunohistochemically in the habenular ganglia of the dogfish. In the more developed left ganglion, a positive reaction was clearly observed in the neurons of the medial nucleus, whereas in the lateral nucleus, only some scarce, hardly immunostained cells appeared. In the neurons of the right habenula however, no immuno-reactivity was observed. The distribution of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in the dogfish habenulae is therefore asymmetrical. This may be due to differences in the neuronal activity between the two ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186911
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern of neuronal vulnerability in the cat hippocampus after one hour of global cerebral ischemia (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 444-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ischemia ; Cat ; Selective vulnerability ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dorsal hippocampus of cat was investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry following 1 h global cerebral ischemia and various recirculation times from 1 day to 1 year. Complete ischemia was produced by combining hypotension with intrathoracic occlusion of major arteries. Postischemic resuscitation was carried out using an intensive care regimen with continuous neurophysiological monitoring. Brains of controls (n=4) and postischemic animals (n=12) were fixed in formaldehyde and prepared for histology and immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In all post-ischemic animals the hilus and the regio superior of dorsal hippocampus which encompasses the CA1 subfield were severely damaged. Neurons in these regions exhibited the typical sequela of neuronal death. GFAP staining revealed vivid astroglial proliferation in stratum lacunosum-moleculare and stratum oriens. Changes in the regio inferior of dorsal hippocampus, i.e., CA3 subfield, and in dentate gyrus granular layer, were variable. Although most animals exhibited moderate to severe neuronal and glial alterations, groups of surviving cells were observed in the stratum oriens and in the granular layer of dentate gyrus. In one animal the majority of CA3 pyramidal cells and granule cells was preserved. These findings demonstrate that after 1 h of complete cerebral ischemia dorsal hippocampus exhibits two different types of injury: a consistent pattern of selective vulnerability in the hilus and the regio superior, and a variable pattern of non-selective injury in the regio inferior and dentate gyrus. The two patterns can be best explained by intrinsic (pathoclitic) and extrinsic (hemodynamic/edema) factors, respectively and are likely to represent basically different mechanisms of ischemic injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308722
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity in traumatized spinal cord (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) ; Spinal cord trauma ; Ventral horn ; p-Chlorophenyl alanine ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in the early tissue reactions occurring in spinal cord trauma was examined in a rat model using an immunocytochemical technique. The injury was made in the form of a 5-mm long and 2.5-mm wide lesion of the right dorsal horn at the level of T10–11. Injured rats, pretreated with the 5-HT synthesis blocking agent, p-chlorophenyl alanine (p-CPA) were compared with untreated injured controls and the animals were allowed to survive for 5 h. The distribution of 5-HT was examined in proximal and distal cross-sections of the cord, located 2 and 5 mm away from the injury. Normal rats showed immunoreactive material in nerve cell processes and in a few nerve cell bodies of the ventral horns. The trauma to the spinal cord caused a marked increase in 5-HT immunoreactivity in the segments located 2 mm proximal and distal to the injury, particularly in the ipsilateral ventral horn. The segment located 5 mm distal to the lesion showed a similar increase in immunoreactivity but it was apparently less pronounced in the corresponding proximal segment. Treatment with p-CPA markedly reduced the trauma-induced increase in 5-HT immunoreactivity in all the segments. These immunohistochemical findings were in line with the changes in the contents of 5-HT measured biochemically in corresponding spinal cord segments. At the onset of the trauma to the spinal cord 5-HT is thus present in the tissue, mainly in the form of 5-HT-containing nerve cell processes. Biochemical determinations also revealed that there is an increased amount of 5-HT in the traumatized spinal cord. The present study indicates that this is at least partly due to an increased amount of 5-HT in neurons and nerve cell processes of the perifocal region. The pathophysiollogical significance of the observed 5-HT-reaction in spinal cord injury is not known in all its details. However, 5-HT might be implicated in such tissue reaction, such as increased microvascular permea bility and edema formation occurring in the early period after trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294216
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and distribution of HIV-1 gp41-positive microglia in subacute AIDS encephalitis (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 393-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: AIDS ; Immunohistochemistry ; gp41 ; Microglia ; Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 100 brains from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 33 brains (21 adults and 12 children) with histological evidence of subacute AIDS encephalitis were immunostained with one of the most sensitive antibodies to HIV-1 antigen, anti-gp41. Twenty-six (20/21 adults, 6/12 children) of the 33 brains showed pg41 positivity. Brains from children had fewer gp41-positive cells than brains from adults. The distribution of gp41-positive cells was characteristic. They were frequently detected and most numerous in the globus pallidus (medial 〉 lateral). Although gp41-positive cells were prevalent, fewer were detected in the corpus striatum and thalamus. Of infratentorial areas involved, the ventral midbrain, especially the substantia nigra, and the dentate nucleus contained many positive cells. Lower levels of infections, often patchy, were noted in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter and pontine base. Gp41-positive cells were rarely seen in the cerebral cortex, medulla, spinal cord, leptomeninges, choroid plexus, ependyma, subependymal areas and endothelia. Besides immunoreactive macrophages and multinucleated cells, gp41-positive microglia with various morphological alterations were abundant in the deep cerebral gray matter, ventral midbrain and dentate nucleus. Most of these microglia were undetectable with conventional histological methods. We discuss the significance of the distribution of HIV-1-infected cells, especially microglia, with respect to cellular tropism and involvement of deep gray matter nuclei in a pattern reminiscent of a multisystem atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307693
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desmin and actin associated with cytoplasmic bodies in skeletal muscle fibers: immunocytochemical and fine structural studies, with a note on unusual 18- to 20-nm filaments (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 406-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic body myopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Desmin ; Intermediate filaments ; Actin filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a fine structural and immunocytochemical study, the latter performed on semithin sections of epoxy resin embedded skeletal muscle fibers, three types of cytoplasmic bodies were identified in a case of cytoplasmic body myopathy: (1) The first type, the classical type, showed a central core and a light halo with radiating actin filaments at the periphery. (2) The second type, the spheroid body was characterized by irregularly arranged granular masses associated with intermediate filaments. Desmin immunoreactivity occurred in the central and peripheral parts, where filaments of intermediate size were visualized by electron microscopy. Desmin immunoreactivity was noted also at the Z-bands of striated annulets, within areas of disordered myofibrils, such as sarcoplasmic masses, and in atrophic muscle fibers. (3) The third type of the cytoplasmic body was composed mainly of large masses of uneven granularity and electron density. The center of this type reacted to anti-actin antibody suggesting that the 5- to 6-nm filaments, which ultrastructurally proved to be a major component, were of the actin type. By contrast, neither intermediate filaments nor actin microfilaments were found by electron microscopy in cytoplasmic bodies in a second case where no immunoreaction to desmin or actin occurred. Anti-vimentin antibody stained only the cytoplasm of endomysial cells, but not the inclusion bodies. Some other, unusual inclusions with 18- to 20-nm tubulo-filamentous structures have to be distinguished from the various types of filaments in cytoplasmic bodies. It is concluded, that pleomorphism and heterogeneity of “cytoplasmic bodies” have to be taken into consideration when classifying cytoplasmic body myopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307695
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Lobar atrophy with dense-core (brain stem type) Lewy bodies in a patient with dementia (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 453-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dementia ; Neuronal inclusions ; Pick's disease ; Lewy bodies ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 62-year-old man presented with memory impairment progressing over 6 years to dementia with near mutism and was diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease. At autopsy his brain showed lobar atrophy suggestive of Pick's disease and there were spherical intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions in the fascia dentata, hippocampal pyramidal cell layer, and temporal cortex. Unlike Pick bodies, however, the inclusions were eosinophilic with H&E stains, non-argyrophilic, and failed to react immunohistochemically with antibodies to paired helical filaments or Alz-50. They did label with antibodies to ubiquitin, however, and electron microscopy disclosed dense-cored granular structures with thin filamentous coronas which resembled brain stem-type Lewy bodies. The substantia nigra and locus coeruleus were not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307702
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Clinicopathologic correlations in epithelial choroid plexus neoplasms: a study of 52 cases (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 635-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Choroid plexus papilloma ; Choroid plexus carcinoma ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty-seven tumor specimens of epithelial choroid plexus neoplasms obtained by 60 biopsies and 7 autopsies from 52 patients were investigated. Diagnoses of the first operations were choroid plexus papilloma (PP; 32 cases), choroid plexus papilloma with histological atypies (atypical PP; 6 cases), and choroid plexus carcinoma (PC; 14 cases). Carcinoembryonic antigen was expressed by 2 of the 3 biopsies autoptically recognized as metastatic carcinomas and by 2 autopsy cases of PC, while it was absent in all biopsies of true choroid plexus tumors. Tumor cells positive for transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin), S-100 protein (S100), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected in 39, 46 and 13, respectively, of the 49 cases of true choroid plexus tumors. Fourth ventricle tumors expressed more S100 (number of positive tumor cells) than lateral ventricle tumors, PP more S100 and TTR than atypical PP/PC. Tumors from patients 20 years of age and older expressed more GFAP and TTR than tumors from younger patients. Of the 30 patients with complete follow-up 19 were alive 2 to 11 years after surgery, including 7 recurrencies. Eleven died from the tumor 4 months to 7 years after surgery. The following histopathologic features (in order of decreasing significance) were correlated with poor prognosis (recurrency or fatal outcome): less than 50% of the tumor cells heavily positive for S100, presence of mitoses, absence of TTR-positive cells, brain invasion by cell nests, absence of marked stromal edema, and presence of necrotic areas. Our results indicate that some histologic features correlate significantly with poor prognosis and that immunohistochemical results correlate with tumor localization, age, and malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307632
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The involvement of the cerebral cortex in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a morphological and immunohistochemical study (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1990), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: AIDS ; HIV encephalopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The encephalopathy resulting from direct infection of the brain by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which correlates clinically with the AIDS dementia complex, has been reported as being localized to the white matter where it induces myelin loss, gliosis and perivascular infiltration by mononuclear macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Damage to the cortical grey matter in HIV encephalopathy was investigated in nine randomly selected HIV-positive cases with or without clinical or morphological evidence of encephalopathy and in five age-matched controls, using routine histology and immunohistochemical methods [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microglia and HIV antibodies]. Increased numbers of GFAP-expressing astrocytes andRicinus communis agglutinin 1–120-expressing microglial cells were found in all the HIV-positive cases (including asymptomatic) and their severity could be correlated with the severity of the encephalopathy in the white matter: the increase in number of cells expressing GFAP was diffuse and the intensity of the staining higher than that of microglial cells. The subpial region was the most severely involved. It is suggested that involvement of the cortical grey matter is more common in HIV infection than previously suspected and that clinical evidence of a dementing process in AIDS is not necessarily due only to white matter lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662637
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Leu-7 immunoreactivity in human and rat embryonic hearts, with special reference to the development of the conduction tissue (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 182 (1990), S. 553-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Leu-7 ; Conduction system ; Embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution pattern of Leu-7 (HNK-1) in developing human embryonic hearts and rat hearts was studied by immunohistochemistry. Human and rat embryos at Streeter's stages XIII ∼ XX and fetus stage I were used. Leu-7, which is absent in the newborn rat heart, is expressed transiently in the embryo and fetus I stages. The earliest embryonic heart shows two incomplete circular structures with immunoreactivity in the myocardium along the primitive atrioventricular cushion and bulboventricular canal. These two structures become localized topographically in the definitive atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle after rearrangement and partial disappearance during embryonic development. At Streeter's stages XVIII ∼ XX, Leu-7 immunoreactivity appears to localize topographically in almost all the pathways of the conduction system, although some discontinuities are observed in the atrioventricular junction and atrial internodal tracts. Thereafter, immunoreactivity decreases gradually and differentially by site and stage. The precise nature of Leu-7 immunoreactive cells, that is, whether or not they are neurogenic or myogenic, is not revealed by this study. The present observations are discussed in connection with the hypothesis that specialized ring tissue is the primordium of the conduction system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186462
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of glycoconjugates in the optic vesicle and optic cup (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 182 (1990), S. 611-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Eye development ; Glycoconjugates ; Histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lectins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lectin histochemical methods and immunohistochemical techniques have been utilized to investigate and partially characterize glycoconjugates in the developing eye. Peanut-lectin-binding sites associated with radial glial cells were found in the diencephalon. In the optic primordia, binding sites associated with radial glia were masked by terminal sialic acid, and only reacted with peanut lectin when pretreated with sialidase. This finding indicates that glycoconjugates associated with diencephalic radial glia contain terminal galactose-β-(1→3)N-acetyl galactosamine, but glycoconjugates associated with radial glia in the optic primordia contain sialic acid→galactose-β(1→3)N-acetyl galactosamine. The selective distribution of galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine and fucose associated with radial glial cells has also been demonstrated. We postulate that these distributions mediate the shaping of the developing eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186468
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transferrin receptors in injured brain (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 686-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Transferrin receptor ; Brain injury ; Edema fluid ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of transferrin receptors (Tf-R) in the central nervous system. The present study of Wistar rats with experimentally induced brain injuries, using immunohistochemistry at the light microscopy level, demonstrated the presence of Tf-R in regenerated endothelial cells, reactive astrocytes and in other cells, probably macrophages. Although Tf-R were seen in proliferating cells, Tf-R were also observed in nonproliferating cells, many of them macrophages. The receptors perhaps bind transferrin in edema fluid and play an important role in lesion repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294248
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity of canine and feline polyglucosan bodies for monoclonal antibody against human polyglucosan (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1990), S. 217-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Polyglucosan bodies ; Dog ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the use of monoclonal antibodies, raised against the human polyglucosan, positive staining of polyglucosan bodies (PGB) was detected in the brain, spinal cord and cecum of aged dogs. PGB in feline brain were also positively stained with these antibodies. These findings indicate that animal PGB share common antigenicity with human PGB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334511
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Polar spongioblastoma: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopical study (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1990), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral tumor ; Polar spongioblastoma ; Astrocytoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case is reported of a 9-year-old boy with a cerebral polar spongioblastoma. This neoplasm, first described by Russell and Cairns in 1947, is morphologically a distinct entity characterized by bipolar tumor cells with palisading nuclei. In the case under study immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase was found and ultrastructural features of developing neuronal elements were present. A neuro-endocrine nature was suggested by de Chadarévian et al. (1984) in a morphologically similar case. These findings are in contrast with the longheld view that the polar spongioblastoma is cytogenetically related to the embryonal radial glial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334514
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of basic fibroblast growth factor, a mitogen and angiogenic factor, in human brain tumors (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 418-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ; Basic FGF ; Angiogenesis ; Brain tumors ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a potent angiogenic factor and a mitogen for a variety of mesoderm-and neuroectoderm-derived cell types (e.g., fibroblasts, endothelial cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes). After application of a monospecific polyclonal antiserum, we localized basic FGF on frozen sections of 73 human brain tumors using immunohisto-chemistry. FGF was present in a variable number of tumor cells (16/16 astrocytomas, 5/5 ependymomas, 0/3 benign and 4/7 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 11/12 glioblastomas, 11/11 meningiomas, 6/6 neurilemmomas, 0/3 pituitary adenomas, 2/2 choroid plexus papillomas, 0/1 neurocytoma, 2/2 benign fibrous histiocytomas, 2/5 metastatic carcinomas). FGF was detected in vascular cells of 59 tumors and in fibroblasts of connective tissue stroma from all papillomas and metastases. These results tend to indicate FGF involvement in the malignant progression of gliomas due to an autocrine or paracrine action. Histopathological aspects of malignant gliomas (e.g., pseudopalisading or pathological vessels) could be related to FGF activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308718
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rosenthal fibres: an immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopic study (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 456-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rosenthal fibers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Neoplastic and reactive astrocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nature of Rosenthal fibres (RF) was investigated in eight cases each of low-grade astrocytoma and reactive gliosis using immunohistochemical (IH) staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), electron microscopy (EM) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) by immunogold labelling technique. By IH under light microscopy (LM), three types of RF were seen, uniformly positive (type I), rim positive (type II) and completely negative (type III). EM showed variation in structural pattern of RF. Some RF contained large amount of glial filaments (GF) intermingled with RF while others with a large amount of electron dense material and less GF. Thus, the presence and amount of GF in RF appear to be responsible for the different types of IH staining under LM. IEM showed that all RF including the ones consisting of entirelh amorphous material possess immunoreactivity for GFAP. It is suggested that RF formation is a two-stage process, staring with excessive accumulation of GF within astrocytic processes followed by their gradual alteration into electron-dense amorphous material under the influence of some unknown metablic or other factors. The quantitative analysis of different types of RF suggests a difference in the rate of formation of RF in neoplastic and reactive conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308723
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibody Leu-19 with some neuroectodermal and other non-immune tissues (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 520-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Natural killer cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leu-19 antigen ; Brain tumors ; Neuroendocrine cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leu-19 antigen is a 200–220 kDa surface glycoprotein, initially detected on natural killer (NK) cells exhibiting non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxity. Using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the Leu-19 molecule, we were unable to identify NK cells immunohistologically in cryostat sections of neuroectodermal tumors. Instead, mAb Leu-19 cross-reacted with the surfaces of the tumor cells, except for melanomas. It stained mesodermal tumor cells less intensely and did not stain those of carcinoma metastases. In three plasmocytomas, cells were observed, most likely NK cells, which extend Leu-19-positive cell processes towards to the unstained tumor cells. Furthermore, the Leu-19 antigen was identified on physiological tissues, especially on all neuroendocrine cells analyzed. The cross-reactions observed with Leu-19 mAb were confirmed using mAb NKH-1, which is also directed against the Leu-19 molecule. Thus, the expression of Leu-19 on neuroectodermal cells is another example of antigen sharing between specialized immune cells and the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296112
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histogenesis of intracranial haemangiopericytoma and haemangioblastoma (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 68-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Meningeal haemangiopericytoma ; Cerebellar haemangioblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study was performed on three meningeal haemangiopericytomas and four cerebellar haemangioblastomas (paraffin embedded) in an attempt to elucidate the uncertain histogenesis of these tumours. The tumour cells of all meningeal haemangiopericytomas show no expression of α-smooth muscle actin and, thus, no immunohistochemical proof of their true pericytic nature can be obtained. The stromal cells of cerebellar haemangioblastomas show foci of positive staining for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, thereby clearly indicating their neuroectodermal origin. These results allow the conclusion that the present nomenclature of these tumours is at least arguable and probably incorrect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294223
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in glial cell markers in recent and old demyelinated lesions in central pontine myelinolysis (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 46-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Central pontine myelinolysis ; Demyelination ; Astrocytes ; Cell adhesion molecules ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study was performed to compare glial reactions in recent and old lesions of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Regions of demyelination and destruction of oligodendrocytes, showed reduced immunoreactivity of myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), transferrin, and carbonic anhydrase C (CA C). In addition, labeling of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein revealed distinct dystrophic alterations of the astroglia. Remarkably, immunolabeling of GFAP was drastically reduced in astrocytic cytoplasm within freshly demyelinated lesions. Immunostaining of vimentin revealed a differential intracytoplasmic decoration of hypertrophic and dystrophic astrocytes in recent and old CPM lesions. Immunolabeling of desmin failed to stain glial cells. Monoclonal antibodies against HNK-1 exhibited greatly increased immunoreactivity both of persisting oligodendrocytes and of reactive fibrillary astrocytes in old CPM foci. In freshly demyelinated lesions, enhanced immunoreactivity of the X-hapten (3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine) was prominent in astroglia and oligodendrocytes. Simultaneously, reactive astrocytes revealed intracytoplasmic labeling of laminin. Quantitation of GFAP+ astroglia in fresh CPM and control cases revealed an increase in the number of astrocytes within the demyelinated foci and in the surrounding nondemyelinated pontine tissue of CPM cases. The occurrence of astroglial alterations in the demyelinated foci of CPM could be interpreted as “astroglial dystrophy” which may represent a pathogenic factor in CPM. Furthermore, it is possible that changes of the glial microenvironment may influence the astroglia to revert transiently back to an immature phenotype as indicated by the enhanced expression of the X-hapten and HNK-1, and the de novo synthesis of vimentin and laminin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294221
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptophysin expression in the striatum in Huntington's disease (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 88-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Huntington's disease ; Striatum ; Synaptophysin ; Calcineurin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This immunohistochemical study compares the expression of synaptophysin (SYP) in the striatum in Huntington's disease (HD) with that of calcineurin (CaN), a marker for striatal medium-sized spinous neurons. As compared to controls, in the HD striatum there was a significant loss of SYP immunoreactivity with residual staining displaying an inhomogeneous pattern, which strikingly resembled that of CaN. Our results may indicate that there is a synaptic loss in the striatum with HD and this is most likely due to loss of medium-sized spinous neurons characteristic of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294227
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral medulloepithelioma — electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain neoplasms ; Medulloepithelioma ; Primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case is reported of a boy, 3 years of age, with a large medulloepithelioma in the left cerebral hemisphere. Medulloepitheliomas are rare tumors of the primitive medullar epithelium. Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical findings are presented. We discuss previously reported cases, the ontogeny of this type of tumor and the relation to the socalled primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors (PNET).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294231
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Bromodeoxyuridine labeling study of intracranial meningiomas: proliferative potential and recurrence (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell kinetics ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ninety-six patients with intracranial meningiomas and two with hemangiopericytic variants received a 30-min intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), 200 mg/m2, before tumor removal. Excised tumor specimens were stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase method to determine the BrdUrd labeling index (LI), or percentage of cells in DNA synthesis. The BrdUrd LI was 〈 1% in 63 (86.3%) of 73 nonmalignant meningiomas and 〈 1% in 20 (87%) of 23 malignant meningiomas. Of 23 malignant meningiomas 11 were recurrent tumors; 8 patients had recurrence 3 to 33 months after the study. The recurrence rate was 100% (five of five) in patients whose tumors had a BrdUrd LI 〉 5%, 44% (11 of 25) in those with a BrdUrd LI 1% to 5%, and 6.1% (4 of 66) in those with an LI 〈 1%. Thus, meningiomas with a BrdUrd LI 〉 1% may grow faster and recur more frequently. Among patients with malignant mengngiomas, the mean time to recurrence after the study was 7.5 months in those with a BrdUrd LI 〉 5% and 20.2 months for those with an LI 1% to 5%. The mean time to recurrence was 97.8 months in patients with nonmalignant meningiomas. Both hemangiopericytic variants were recurrent and showed LIs of 0.5% and 4.1%; the former tumor recurred 8 years after complete resection, while the latter recurred three times in 3.5 years. Thus, the proliferative potential of intracranial meningiomas as reflected by the BrdUrd LI appears to be a prognostic variable that can help to elucidate the biological behavior of individual meningiomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294650
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coxsackie B antigen in the central nervous system of a patient with fatal acute encephalitis: immunohistochemical studies of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 216-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Coxsackie B virus ; Encephalitis, viral ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of fatal acute encephalitis due to Coxsackie B1 virus is described. Confirmation of Coxsackie B virus as the etiological agent of encephalitis was based on identification of the virus antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. In the past, the diagnosis was obtained by serological studies of peripheral blood and viral isolation. This is the first report in which indirect immunofluorescent and immunoper-oxidase methods using rabbit antiserum raised against Coxsackie B types 1–6 was utilized in determining the etiology of encephalitis. It must be emphasized that these methods can be used both on biopsy or autopsy specimens, even retrospectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308928
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Ubiquitin-immunoreactive filamentous inclusions in anterior horn cells of Guamanian and non-Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Guam ; Ubiquitin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anterior horn cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies with an antibody to ubiquitin revealed the presence of filamentous inclusions in spinal anterior horn cells in all of six patients with Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and one of six cases of parkinsonism-dementia complex (PD) on Guam. Similar ubiquitin-reactive filamentous inclusions were found in all of seven non-Guamanian sporadic ALS patients examined. No similar inclusions were seen in six normal controls or in non-ALS patients who had chromatolytic neurons. The filamentous inclusions differed from spinal neurofibrillary tangles, a characteristic feature of Guamanian ALS and PD, since they were restricted to anterior horn cells and did not react with anti-tau antibody. The chromatolytic neurons of non-ALS patients occasionally had weak diffuse immunoreactivity, but no focal inclusions were detected. These results suggest that ubiquitin-reactive focal filamentous inclusions may reflect a characteristic degenerative process of anterior horn cells of motor neuron disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294639
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the normoganglionic and aganglionic segments of human colon (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hirschsprung's disease ; Aganglionosis ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localisation and distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity were studied by use of immunohistochemical methods in gut tissues from 19 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, including 4 cases of long segment aganglionosis. In the normoganglionic segment, immunoreactive cell bodies and nonvaricose processes were seen within both myenteric and submucous plexuses. A scarce supply of varicose fibres was found in the lamina propria mucosae, muscularis mucosae and longitudinal muscle layer. NPY fibres were more frequently encountered in the circular muscle layer, although with a weakly immunostaining intensity. In addition, blood vessels in the submucosal connective tissue were surrounded by a typical plexus of varicose, NPY-positive fibres. Immunoreactive endocrine cells could be detected in the colonic epithelium. In the aganglionic segment, numerous nerve fasciculi comprising a small to moderate number of NPY fibres with varicosities were observed throughout the entire layer of the colonic wall. A few varicose, NPY-positive fibres were also contained in the relatively large, hypertrophic nerve fasciculi located in the intermuscular zone and submucosal connective tissue. NPY-immunoreactive fasciculi were more densely distributed in the distal aganglionic segment than in the proximal aganglionic one. On the other hand, the distribution of NPY-positive fibres in long segment aganglionosis was quite different from that in short segment type; in cases of long segment type, no immunoreactive nerve fibres were detected within the circular muscle layer of the proximal aganglionic segment near the oligoganglionic segment and only a few fibres were observed within the hypertrophic nerve bundle of the intermuscular zone. The present results suggest that NPY-like immunoreactive nerves in the human colon have a dual origin of intrinsic and extrinsic elements. The origin and nature of extrinsic NPY nerve fibres in the human colon are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294605
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  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of synaptophysin (p38) in the pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 181 (1990), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Synaptophysin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pineal gland ; Pinealocytes ; Meriones unguiculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptophysin (protein p38), a major integral membrane glycoprotein of small presynaptic vesicles, was localized immunohistochemically in semithin sections of the superficial pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Synaptophysin immunoreactivity could be detected in all pinealocytes, which were visualized with antibodies directed against neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in adjacent sections. No p38 immunoreactivity was discernible in the interstitial glial cells, which showed a heterogeneous pattern of immunostaining for the intermediate filament proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Pinealocytes exhibited considerable intercellular differences in the densities of immunostaining. The various degrees of synaptophysin immunoreactivities in pinealocytes were not correlated with the densities of NSE immunostaining. Nerve terminals and varicosities displayed stronger immunoreactivities than pinealocytes. They were particularly numerous in the perivascular spaces. It is not clear whether this distribution indicates an innervation of pineal capillaries in addition to the functionally important innervation of pinealocytes. Several highly p38-positive dots of variable size were a conspicuous feature throughout the gland. By the consecutive semithin-thin section technique, they could be identified as processes of pinealocytes, filled with accumulations of small clear vesicles. Obviously, these vesicles represent the major site of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in pinealocytes. In the gerbil, similar vesicles have been ascribed a role in the secretory activity of the gland, and/or in the transport of calcium. The intercellular differences in the degrees of p38 immunostaining may, therefore, reflect different states of a specific cellular activity. The presence of synaptophysin in pinealocytes of the normal pineal, including the deep portions of the gland, emphasizes the paraneuronal character of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02433790
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Development of the dorsal pancreatic primordium transplanted into the third ventricle of rats (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 181 (1990), S. 441-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Development ; Pancreatic primordium ; Transplantation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dorsal pancreatic primordia of 12.5-day-old rat embryos transplanted into the third ventricle of adult female rats were immunohistochemically examined 10, 20 and 40 days after transplantation. On day 10, the grafts grew into an epithelial sacculus (S) with a thick subepithelial tissue (ST). Tubular and vesicular structures with a single cuboidal epithelium were found within the wall of the S, but they underwent thereafter a regression without allowing the primordia to differentiate into the exocrine acinar tissues. In contrast with this, pancreatic hormone-containing cells existed in the ST, and were arranged like the islands of a mature animal. The tissue also has smooth muscle fibers and neurons. When the primordium was grafted along with its root connected to the duodenum, gut-like tubular structures differentiated, showing mucosa with villi and crypts, submucous mesenchymal tissue and muscle layers. The mucosa possesses epithelial cells immunoreactive for the pancreatic hormones, and the muscle layers have the myenteric plexuses. These findings seem to provide further evidence that in the rat pancreas, pancreatic-hormone-containing cells differ from the acinar cells in origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02433791
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection of heterophile Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen in human malignant melanoma (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 282 (1990), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Human malignant melanoma ; Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen ; N-Glycolylneuraminic acid ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antigen is a heterophile antigen whose immunodominant molecule is N-glycolylneuraminic acid, a sialic acid that cannot be found in normal tissues of either humans or chickens. Using biotinylated chicken anti-HD antibody purified with affinity chromatography, expression of HD antigen was immunohistochemically investigated in formalin-fixed tissues of human malignant melanoma. HD antigen-positive melanoma cells were clearly demonstrated in 7 of 11 lesions of malignant melanoma. No HD antigen-positive cells were found in 8 lesions of melanocytic nevus, and no components of normal human skin including epidermal melanocytes were stained with the antibody. This study is the first that immunohistochemically demonstrates HD antigen in tissue sections of human malignant melanoma. The expression of the HD antigen in transformed human melanocytes may have great immunological significance because the antigen is absent from normal human tissues and is immunogenic in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372619
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    Altered keratin expression in ichthyosis hystrix Curth-Macklin (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 282 (1990), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Genodermatoses ; Keratinization disorders ; Fetal cytokeratins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathogenesis of a rare form of the ichthyotic diseases, ichthyosis hystrix Curth-Macklin, was investigated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against keratins expressed in normal basal cells (PKK2 and KA1), Mabs against keratins only present in normal fetal skin (PKK1), and Mabs against keratins 1, 2, 10, and 11 (KA5 and K8.60) were used. The Mabs reacting with normal basal cells showed an increased reaction with many cell layers. The Mab PKK1 distinctly reacted with the basal cell layer, suggesting an expression of fetal keratins. Electron microscopic study of both normal-looking and involved skin revealed the keratinization disorder characterized by tonofilament shells, perinuclear vacuoles, and binuclear keratinocytes. The results suggest that there is no prematurity of keratinization, but rather a pathological expression of specific keratin genes leading to expression of fetal keratins in this form of ichthyosis hystrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371641
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    The laminar distribution and postnatal development of serotonin-immunoreactive axons in the cat primary visual cortex (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 81 (1990), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Area 17 ; Postnatal development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The laminar distribution and postnatal development of profiles immunoreactive to antibodies directed against serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) have been investigated in the primary visual cortex (striate cortex, area 17) of cats. In the adult cat, profiles with serotonin-like immunoreactivity consist exclusively of fibers which exhibit laminar differences in density and predominant orientation. Immunoreactive fibers are dense in layers I–III, less dense in layer V, and sparse in layers IV and VI. In layers I and VI the trajectories of these fibers are mainly tangential to the pial surface; in layers II–V they are predominantly radial and more irregular. The vast majority of immunoreactive fibers consists of fine axons with frequent small varicosities. In addition, there are a few thick axons. In 2-week-old cats, immunoreactive fibers are sparsely distributed through layers II–V. By 4 weeks, fiber density has decreased still further in layer IV and increased in layers I–III. By 6 weeks, the laminar pattern resembles that of adult cats except that fiber density is still lower than in adults. At three months of age, the mature pattern is established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228114
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  • 60
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    Expression of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the rat nucleus accumbens is under the influence of the dopaminergic mesencephalic pathway (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 81 (1990), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Dopaminergic mesencephalic pathway ; Nucleus accumbens ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The density of neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunostained neurons examined in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAcc) was shown to be constant across the anteroposterior extent of the nucleus and did not present any right-left hemispheric difference. Selective unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the nigral dopaminergic neurons induced, 15 to 21 days later, a bilateral decrease in the NPY neuron density which was, interestingly, more marked in the contralateral than in the ipsilateral NAcc. Dopamine depletion induced by α-methylparatyrosine treatment elicited a decrease in NPY neuronal density similar in amplitude to that induced by the 6-OHDA lesion in the ipsilateral NAcc suggesting that similar mechanisms underly both NPY responses. In both experimental conditions, changes in NPY immunostaining were quite homogeneous in the two antero-posterior NAcc portions arbitrarily considered. Apomorphine treatment in animals with 6-OHDA injury completely reversed the ipsilateral lesion effect in the anterior part of the NAcc but only partially the contralateral one. In contrast, no significant effect of apomorphine was observed in either side of the NAcc posterior portion. This data suggests the involvement of at least 2 components in the NPY neuron responses to the lesion. The component reversed by apomorphine treatment was presumed to be directly linked to the DA depletion, while the second component not antagonized by apomorphine was considered independant on DA transmission. These data therefore provide morphological evidence for the occurence of complex functional interactions between dopaminergic afferents and NPY-containing neurons within the NAcc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228127
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  • 61
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    Peripheral nerve section induces increased levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity in axotomized motoneurons (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 79 (1990), S. 212-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neuropeptide ; Plasticity ; Nerve injury ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cat ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of fluorescence immunohistochemistry it is shown that sciatic nerve section in cat and rat induces increased levels of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in axotomized motoneurons. In the rat, this effect was clearly seen at 2–5 days postoperatively, but could not be demonstrated after 11–21 days. These findings are discussed in relation to previously proposed roles for CGRP in motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228891
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  • 62
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    Electronic Resource
    Synapsin I expression in the rat retina during postnatal development (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retina ; Development ; In situ hybridization ; Gene expression ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of the synapsin I gene was studied during postnatal development of the rat retina at the mRNA and protein levels. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that synapsin I mRNA was expressed already in nerve cells in the ganglion cell layer of the neonatal retina, while it appeared in neurons of the inner nuclear layer from postnatal day 4 onward. Maximal expression of synapsin I mRNA was observed at P12 in ganglion cells and in neurons of the inner nuclear layer followed by moderate expression in the adult. At the protein level a shift of synapsin I appearance was observed from cytoplasmic to terminal localization during retinal development by immunohistochemistry. In early stages (P4 and P8), synapsin I was seen in neurons of the ganglion cell layer and in neurons of the developing inner nuclear layer as well as in the developing inner plexiform layer. In the developing outer plexiform layer synapsin I was localized only in horizontal cells and in their processes. Its early appearance at P4 indicated the early maturation of this cell type. A shift and strong increase of labelling to the plexiform layers at P12 indicated the localization of synapsin I in synaptic terminals. The inner plexiform layer exhibited a characteristic stratified pattern. Photoreceptor cells never exhibited synapsin I mRNA or synapsin I protein throughout development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230834
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  • 63
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    Immunohistochemical studies on the cellular localization of GABAA-receptors in explant cultures of rat central nervous system using a monoclonal antibody (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 667-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody ; GABAA-receptors ; Tissue cultures ; Spinal cord ; Brain stem ; Cerebellum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Explant cultures of rat spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum were used to visualize GABAA-receptors by means of immunohistochemistry. For these studies we have incubated the cultures with the monoclonal antibody bd 17 against the β-subunit of the GABAA/benzodiazepine/chloride channel complex. In spinal cord cultures, many interneurones were immunoreactive whereas only a small number of large neurones, probably motoneurones was specifically stained. In brain stem cultures, groups of large and medium-sized neurones showed immunoreactivity. In cultures of cerebellum, a great number of neurones was specifically stained. Granule cells showed the strongest immunoreactivity whereas other neurones, presumably Purkinje cells and interneurones, were only moderately stained. The immunoreactivity was mainly confined to the cell bodies of the neurones while their processes were only weakly or not stained. In contrast to neurones, no immunoreactivity could be detected on astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228810
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  • 64
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    Termination patterns of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the dorsal horn of the human spinal cord (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 80 (1990), S. 609-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Human spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary CGRP-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers displayed three kinds of termination patterns in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments of the human spinal cord. Bundles of immunoreactive fibers formed a loose network in lamina I. A homogenous band of immunoreactive fibers filled lamina II. Multiple bundles of CGRP-positive fibers coursed through the superficial laminae towards deep portions of the grey matter. In the lumbar segments, in contrast to the cervical and thoracic segments, the bundles could be followed deep into the dorsal funiculus. Bundles of varicose immunoreactive fibers were seen to twine around the dendrites of neurons located in lamina I, in the dorsal funiculus of the lumbar segments and deep in the dorsal horn (laminae III–V). The corresponding types of large and medium-sized neurons were found in silver impregnated adjacent spinal cord sections. It is suggested that neurons in the above locations preferentially receive multiple contacts from CGRP-containing nerve fibers along their extensive dendritic arborizations (CGRP-target neurons).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228000
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  • 65
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    Immunohistochemical detection of progesterone receptor in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue using a monoclonal antibody (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 247 (1990), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Progesterone receptor ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The potential for immunohistochemical detection of progesterone receptors (PRs) in routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cancer tissues by use of the monoclonal antibody Mi 60-10 (mPR1, Dianova GmbH, Hamburg) was evaluated. The PR content of breast cancer tissue was investigated in 170 cases. A positive reaction to Mi 60-10 was found exclusively in the nuclei of benign or malignant epithelial cells. The distribution of PRs was heterogeneous. Immunohistochemical reaction was scored by multiplying the percentage of positive tumour cells by their prevalent degree of staining (Immunoreactive Score or IRS). The IRS values of formalin-fixed tissues (n=170) were compared with those in snap frozen tissues (n=82), with the PR content assayed by a DCC (dextran-coated charcoal) method (n=170), with histopathological grading according to Bloom and Richardson and with the menopausal status of the patient. There was an acceptable ranked correlation (r=0.74) between IRS in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded parts and snap frozen parts of the same carcinoma. A good correlation (r=0.72) was also found, when the semiquantitative results of immunohistochemical PR detection in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were compared to PR concentrations measured by a DCC method in tumor cytosols. There was an 80% concordance between the two methods for qualitative discrimination of PR-negative and PR-positive carcinomas. IRS correlated significantly with the degree of histological differentiation of the tumors (P〈0.001) but not with the menopausal status of the women (P〉0.05). Storage of paraffin-embedded tissues did not impair PR detection, for up to at least 5 years. Fixation of tissues in formalin only decreased the immunohistochemical detection rate if fixative acted for more than 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390663
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  • 66
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    Primary intracerebral sarcoma in childhood: case report with electron-microscope study (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 237 (1990), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Intracerebral sarcoma ; Meningeal sarcoma ; Light microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a primary intracerebral sarcoma is described in a 5-year-old girl. Histology and immunohistochemistry excluded the diagnosis of a leiomyosarcoma, a malignant haemangiopericytoma or a fibrosarcoma; electron-microscopical findings indicated that the origin of the sarcoma was in the pia mater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315665
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  • 67
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    D-14 Monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen: immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human colorectal carcinoma, tumors of non-colorectal origin and normal tissues (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Colorectal Carcinoma ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reactivity of D-14 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to a specific epitope of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was evaluated on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. A total of 52 normal tissues, 90 colorectal carcinomas and 127 non-colorectal neoplasms were tested using the peroxidase/antiperoxidase technique. D-14 mAb did not react with normal tissues apart from producing a weak staining of normal colonic glands immediately adjacent to the neoplastic structures. All 61 primary and 29 metastatic colorectal carcinomas expressed the carcinoembryonic antigen. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in cellular antigen expression in both primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas with 10%–99% of tumor cells staining. Of 22 stomach adenocarcinomas, 14 were also immunoreactive, as were 2 of 5 pancreatic carcinomas. Only 6 of 100 neoplasms of non-gastrointestinal origin expressed weak to moderate immunoreactivity. In 7 cases, colorectal micrometastases not recognized in conventional hematoxylin and eosin slides could be identified with D-14 mAb. The specificity of this antibody could be used in differentiating colorectal carcinomas from other types of tumors, including adenocarcinoma from other sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612640
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  • 68
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    Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma in childhood (up to 18 years of age) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 190-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Patients under 18 years ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A group of 47 patients up to 18 years of age, with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract, were investigated. The lesions were located in the stomach (n=2), small intestine (n=17), the ileocecal region (n=20), the large intestine (n=7), and multifocally in the small and large intestines (n=1). Of the patients, 41 were male and 6 were female; their age at presentation ranged from 2 to 18 years. All of the cases belonged to the high-grade malignancy group of the updated Kiel classification. Burkitt's lymphoma was the most frequent histological type (n=35), followed by centroblastic lymphoma (n=3), immunoblastic lymphoma (n=2), lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=1), and large-cell anaplastic lymphoma (n=1). Five of the patients had high-grade unclassified B-cell lymphoma. Of all the lymphoma types 41 cases (87%) were positive for Ki-B3 (a B-cell marker). Expression of monoclonal immunoglobulin was demonstrated in 8 of 35 cases (23%) of Burkitt's lymphoma, in all 3 cases of centroblastic lymphoma, in both cases of immunoblastic lymphoma, in the single case of lymphoblastic lymphoma, and in all 5 cases of high-grade unclassified B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Most of the Burkitt's lymphomas showed the light chainλ (7/8). According to the staging classification of Murphy (N Engl J Med 299:1446–1448, 1978), 12% of the 34 cases available were stage IE, 44% stage IIE, 38% stage IIIE, and 6% stage IVE. Of these 34 patients, 13 died with lymphoma within 1 year after diagnosis. The survival rate for the 19 patients in stages I and IIE at 2 years was 83%, while for the 15 patients in stages III and IVE it was 32% (P〈0.05). A significant difference in survival was found between the 13 patients with primary involvement of the small intestine and the 20 patients with primary involvement of the large intestine and ileocecal region, the latter showing a better prognosis. Lymphoma type did not significantly influence survival. Our findings indicate that the stage at diagnosis and the primary site are important prognostic features in gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612676
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  • 69
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    Misinterpretation of iodine uptake in papillary thyroid carcinoma and primary lung adenocarcinoma (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Iodine-131 uptake ; primary lung adenocarcinoma ; Papillary thyroid carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is the first case report of an iodine-storing metastasising carcinoma of extrathyroidal origin and the simultaneous presence of a papillary thyroid carcinoma. In the course of the disease, an increase in pathological iodine uptake was observed after repeated iodine-131 ablation, so that the original tentative diagnosis of a metastasising, differentiated thyroid carcinoma appeared to be confirmed; moreover, the histological work-up of a femur metastasis — without adequate immunohistochemical assessment — was misinterpreted. What is also remarkable about this case report is a pathological iodine-131 uptake both in the extrathyroidal primary tumor and the metastases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612632
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  • 70
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    Comparative studies on the expression of gastrointestinal-cancer-associated antigen, PA8-15, CA19-9 and the blood-group antigens in non-malignant and malignant human pancreatic tissues (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody ; PA8-15 ; Bloodgroup antigens ; pancreatic tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of PA8-15 antigen and the blood-group-related antigens A, B, O, Lea, Leb, Lex, and Ley, as well as CA19-9, were examined in the normal pancreas and in specimens from benign and malignant pancreatic tissue by the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique. A correlation was found between the expression of PA8-15, Lea, and CA19-9 in some cases. However, in the cancer tissues in which neither Lea nor CA19-9 could be demonstrated, strong expression of PA8-15 was observed. The reactivity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) PA8-15 with pancreatic cancer tissue was not inhibited by the preincubation of the sections with the mAb anti-Lea (CO514) and mAb CA19-9 (CO19-9) indicating that the epitope recognized by PA8-15 is different from that detected by the other two antibodies. Moreover, unlike Lea and CA19-9, PA8-15 was also expressed in cancer cells of patients of the Lea- b- type. The results suggest that mAb PA8-15 recognizes a sialylated molecule related to Lea but different from CA19-9, and seems to be an additional useful marker for pancreatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612919
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  • 71
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    Immunohistochemistry in childhood brain tumors: what are the facts? (1990)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 6 (1990), S. 118-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Brain tumors in childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the past, contradictory results have been reported concerning the specificity of neuronal or glial cell markers. However, we have investigated this aspect in a large group of more than 550 brain tumors (among them 60 medulloblastomas). These contradictions can easily be explained by considering two basic facts. First, every neoplastic cell population, especially in embryonic tumors, diffusely infiltrates the brain tissue: non-neoplastic cells, intermingled with tumor cells, can therefore give rise to immunohistochemical and histogenetic misinterpretations. Second, different cell markers can be expressed by one and the same cell (e.g., GFAP, NSE, vimentin), making nosological interpretation of the tumor difficult, impossible, or at best rather subjective. Clear-cut marker positivity is mostly found in the differentiated tumors for which the nosological classification is already clear by the usual histological methods. Only synaptophysin seems to be a reliable marker for neurogenic cells. In embryonic brain tumors (so-called PNET), no correlations between the presence of a given cell marker and the biological behavior of the tumor have so far been detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308484
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  • 72
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    The development of the sensory organs of the legs in the blowfly,Phormia regina (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Metamorphosis ; Imaginal disc ; Sensory neurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phormia regina, Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the sensory neurons of the legs of the blowfly,Phormia regina has been described from the third instar larva to the late pupa using immunohistochemical staining. The leg discs of the third instar larva contain 8 neurons of which 5 come to lie in the fifth tarsomere of the developing leg. Whereas 2 neurons persist at least to the late pupa, the other cells degenerate. The first neurons of gustatory sensilla arise in the fifth tarsomere at about 1.5 h after formation of the puparium. Most of these sensilla, however, appear within a short time period beginning at about 18 h. The femoral chordotonal sensory neurons first appear at the time of formation of the puparium, as a mass of cells situated in the distal femur. During later pupal development 2 groups of these cells come to lie at the femur-trochanter border, where they become the proximal femoral chordotonal organ of the adult; the remaining cells become the distal femoral chordotonal organ. Other scolopidial neurons appear later in development. The nerve pathways of the late pupal leg are established either by the axons of the cells that are present in the larval leg disc or by new outgrowing processes of sensory neurons. In the tibia, the initial direction of new outgrowth differs in different regions of the segment: proximal tibial neurons grow distally, while distal tibial neurons grow initially proximally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571434
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  • 73
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    Peptides and transmitter enzymes in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons after administration of hyperosmotic stimuli: comparison between messenger RNA and peptide/protein levels (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 279-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Oxytocin ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Dopamine ; Galanin ; Dynorphin ; Cholecystokinin ; Salt-loading ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Neurophypophysis ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In situ hybridization histochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to study changes in the expression of vasopressin (VP), oxytocin (OXY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), galanin (GAL), dynorphin (DYN) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of rats. After prolonged administration of 2% sodium chloride as drinking water (salt-loading), the treatment increased the levels of VP, OXY, TH, GAL, DYN and CCK mRNA in the PVN and SON. The increase in CCK mRNA was, however, proportionally higher in the PVN than in the SON. Within cell bodies of the PVN and SON of salt-loaded rats, a depletion of VP- and OXY-like immunoreactivity (LI) and an increase in TH-LI were seen. In salt-loaded/colchicine-treated rats, a marked decrease in GAL- and DYN-LI, but no specific changes in CCK-LI were observed. Within nerve fibers of the posterior pituitary of salt-loaded rats, a marked depletion of VP-, GAL- and DYN-LI was found. Less pronounced depletion was observed in OXY- and CCK-LI, and no specific changes in TH-LI were seen. The results show that high plasma osmolality induces increased mRNA levels for VP, OXY, TH, GAL, DYN and CCK, presumably indicating increased synthesis, an increased export from cell somata of VP, OXY, GAL and DYN, and a decrease in levels of these peptides in the posterior pituitary, suggesting increased release. The catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme TH, however, which has a cytoplasmic localization and is not released from nerve endings, remains high in the cell bodies and nerve endings during this state of increased activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318631
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    GABA immunoreactivity of calyceal nerve endings in the vestibular system of the guinea pig (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 415-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Vestibular organ ; Hair cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurotransmitters involved in the vestibular system are largely uncharacterized. On the basis of results of earlier electrophysiological and immunohistochemical experiments, glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) have been proposed in both mammalian and non-mammalian species as afferent transmitters between the sensory cell and the afferent dendrite. GABA is also suspected to act as an efferent neurotransmitter in the cochlea. We describe in this study the immunocytochemical localization of GABA within the vestibular end organs in the guinea pig. GABA immunoreactivity was found in the calyceal nerve endings surrounding type I hair cells of the vestibular epithelia. The most significant labelings were obtained in the crista ampullaris. Labeling was more difficult to observe in the utricular and saccular macula. These results contribute to the recent proposal that the calyx has a secretory function, and suggest that GABA may have a modulatory influence upon the type I hair cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318645
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  • 75
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    Immunohistochemical localization of some vertebrate-like neuropeptides (SP, NPY, CGRP, CCK) in the central nervous system of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 435-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P ; Neuropeptide Y ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Cholecystokinin (CCK) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide coexistence ; Planorbarius corneus (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of the vertebrate-like neuropeptides substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and cholecystokinin (CCK8) in the central nervous system of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus has been studied using specific antisera and single and double immunohistochemistry. A widespread but precise distribution of immunore-activity (IR) in neurons and fibers of almost all the ganglia is observed for each antiserum. A comparison of the IR with classical neurosecretory staining (AB/AY) shows a partial overlap only for CGRP and CCK8. Whereas CGRP-IR is found in some Yellow Cells in the left parietal ganglion, CCK8-IR is found in Yellow Green, Green and Brown Cells in the viscero-parietal complex. Studies employing double-sequential methods or simultaneous immunofluorescence have shown that, with regard to the tested antisera, CCK8- and NPY-IR are colocalized in a limited number of cells and fibers in the buccal and visceral ganglia, whereas CCK8- and SP-IR are colocalized only rarely in neurons in the left cerebral ganglion. The possible roles in P. corneus of the investigated neuropeptides and the contribution that molluscan models may offer to the knowledge of the basic properties of neuropeptides are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297223
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  • 76
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    Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary in the dog (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary ; Innervation ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pars distalis of the anterior pituitary is known to be regulated by hypothalamic hormones. Recently, we have discovered the presence of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the monkeys. Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the pars distalis of the dog was investigated in this study. A substantial amount of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers with a large amount of varicosities were found. They were widely distributed in the gland, more abundant along its periphery. Most of them were closely related to the glandular tissue, some were located on vascular walls. Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were also found in the meningeal sheath of the anterior pituitary. They could be followed into the parenchyma of the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318673
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  • 77
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    The localization of macrophage subsets and dendritic cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse with special reference to the presence of high endothelial venules (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut ; Macrophages ; High-endothelial venules ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse BALB/c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study concerns the distribution of macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse. Heterogeneity of macrophage population was found by using the MOMA-1, MOMA-2, ERTR-9, Mac-1 and F4/80 monoclonal antibodies. MOMA-1, ERTR-9, Mac-1 and F4/80+ cells were detected mostly at the villous cores in the lamina propria of the villi, whereas MOMA-2+ cells were primarily found around the crypts at the base of the villi. These MOMA-2+ cells revealed a granular appearance throughout the cytoplasm and displayed a strong acid phosphatase (AcPh) activity. Few MOMA-2+ cells were seen at the top of the villi in the epithelium. Although MOMA-1 and ERTR-9+ cells have similar morphology and the same distribution patterns in the lamina propria, they are likely different populations, because in Peyer's patches (PP), MOMA-1+ cells were present, whereas ERTR-9+ cells could not be detected. Both populations displayed AcPh activity. Strongly stained Mac-1+ cells were abundantly seen in the lamina propria of the small intestine. F4/80+ cells were rare. NLDC-145+ cells with AcPh activity and weak Ia staining were also found. In the PP-associated villi and in the T-dependent area of PP, dendritic NLDC-145+ cells, which were strongly Ia positive, were detected. MIDC-8+ cells were found only in the T-dependent area. Few NLDC-145+ cells (dendritic cells) were found in the upper part of the oesophagus. These cells were also stained with the MIDC-8 antibody. The MECA-325 monoclonal antibody recognized high endothelial venules (HEV) in PP and blood vessels at the base of the villi of the jejunumileum and caecum. Unlike in PP, the endothelium of the venules in the villi was flat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740787
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  • 78
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    Immunohistochemical studies on peptide- and amine-containing endocrine cells and nerves in the gut and the rectal gland of the ratfish Chimaera monstrosa (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Neuropeptides ; Endocrine cells ; Autonomic innervation ; Gut ; Rectal gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephala)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells and nerves were immunohistochemically demonstrated in the gut and rectal gland of the ratfish Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephala). The epithelium of the gut mucosa revealed open-type endocrine cells exhibiting immunoreactivity for serotonin (5HT), gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP)/FMRFamide, somatostatin, glucagon, substance P or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). The rectum contained a large number of closed-type endocrine cells in the basal layer of its stratified epithelium; the majority contained 5HT- and GRP-like immunoreactivity in the same cytoplasm, whereas others were immunoreactive for substance P. The rectal gland revealed closed-type endocrine cells located in the collecting duct epithelium. Most of these contained substance P-like immunoreactivity, although some reacted either to antibody against somatostatin or against 5HT. Four types of nerves were identified in the gut and the rectal gland. The nerve cells and fibers that were immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and GRP formed dense plexuses in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscular layer of the gut and rectal gland. A sparse network of gastrin- and 5HT-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the mucosa and the muscular layer of the gut. The present study demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of the closed-type endocrine cells in the mucosa of the rectum and rectal gland of the ratfish. These abundant cells presumably secrete 5HT and/or peptides in response to mechanical stimuli in the gut and the rectal gland. The peptide-containing nerves may be involved in the regulation of secretion by the rectal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297505
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  • 79
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    Radial astrocytes and ependymocytes in the spinal cord of the adult toad (Bufo bufo L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Astroglial cells ; Ependymocytes ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bufo bufo L. (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques have been used to demonstrate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immuno-positive cells in the adult toad spinal cord. Two types of GFAP-immunoreactive cells were observed: ependymocytes and radial astrocytes. GFAP-positive ependymocytes were scarce and contained the immunoreactive product in their processes. They showed intermediate filaments in the basal pole and in their processes when studied with the electron microscope. These immuno-positive ependymocytes represent the tanycytic form of ependymal cells because their processes ended at the subpial zone. The radial astrocytes showed a more intensive immunoreactive product in somata and processes when they were located far away from the ependymal layer. Cell bodies and processes were also associated with blood vessels, but most of the processes ended at the subpial zone forming a continuous subpial glia limitans. The GFAP-positive processes, which form this subpial glia limitans in the toad spinal cord, belong to both tanycytic ependymocytes and radial astrocytes, whose somata are located in the grey matter. These findings lead us to suggest that both types of GFAP-immunopositive cells might be the functional equivalents of mammalian astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318633
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  • 80
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    Protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres and cells in human skin (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: PGP 9.5 (human protein gene product 9.5) ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve fibres ; Dendritic cells ; Merkel cells ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sections of human skin were processed according to the indirect immunofluorescence technique with a rabbit antiserum against human protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). Immunoreactivity was detected in intraepidermal and dermal nerve fibres and cells. The intraepidermal nerves were varicose or smooth with different diameters, running as single processes or branched, straight or bent, projecting in various directions and terminating in the stratum basale, spinosum or granulosum. The density of the intraepidermal nerves varied between the different skin areas investigated. PGP 9.5-containing axons of the lower dermis were found in large bundles. They separated into smaller axon bundles within the upper dermis, entering this portion of the skin perpendicular to the surface. Then they branched into fibres mainly arranged parallel to the epidermal-dermal junctional zone. However, the fibres en route to the epidermis traversed the upper dermis more or less perpendicularly. Furthermore, immunoreactive dermal nerve fibres were found in the Meissner corpuscles, the arrector pili muscles, hair follicles, around the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and around certain blood vessels. Such fibres were also observed around most subcutaneous blood vessels, sometimes heavily innervating these structures. Numerous weakly-to-strongly PGP 9.5-immunoreactive cells were found both in the epidermis and in the dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329435
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  • 81
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    Actin filaments: the main components of the scolopale in insect sensilla (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensilla ; Scolopidia ; Thermoreceptors ; Hygroreceptors ; Actin filaments ; Cryofixation ; Highpressure freezing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antheraea pernyi, Periplaneta americana, Schedorhinotermes lamanianus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of insect sensilla, mechanosensitive scolopidia and thermo-/hygrosensitive poreless sensilla contain a scolopale, which consists of numerous microtubules embedded in bundles of filaments (7–10 nm in diameter). The bundles are readily seen in the electron microscope in cryofixed (high-pressure freezing and rapid injection) and substituted samples. The filaments can be identified as actin filaments by using fluorescent phalloidins. Both electron microscopy and Triton-extraction exeriments reveal mechanical linkage between the main components in both types of sensilla. Since myosin appears to be absent in the scolopale, the actin filaments are unlikely to be involved in any contraction mechanism; these filaments more probably provide mechanical stability. The functional properties of the scolopale are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329441
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  • 82
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    Chicken atrial natriuretic peptide (chANP) and its secretion (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) ; Chicken natriuretic peptide (chANP) ; Atrial-specific granule ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Immunohistochemistry ; Domestic fowl (Aves, Phasianiformes)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study using antiserum raised against synthetic chicken natriuretic polypeptide was used to investigate the distribution of this peptide in the chicken heart. Immunoreactive cells, both in the atrial and ventricular walls, were identified by electron microscopy, and electron-dense granules in the atrial and ventricular cardiocytes were revealed to be storage sites of the peptide. The electron-dense material, thought to be the peptide, was found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and it is suggested that a secretory pathway of the peptide through the latter to extracellular space, may be present, in addition to an exocytotic one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318451
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  • 83
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    Immunohistochemistry of opioid peptides in the guinea pig endocrine pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Opioid peptides ; Serotonin ; Enterochromaffin cells ; Endocrine pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous immunochemical investigations have demonstrated various opioid peptides in the pancreas. However, controversies exist related to the cellular localization of these peptides in the endocrine pancreas. Therefore, the guinea pig endocrine pancreas was immunohistochemically investigated for the presence of opioid peptides derived from pro-dynorphin, pro-enkephalin or pro-opiomelanocortin. Immunoreactivities were demonstrated on serial semithin sections by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. In routinely immunostained sections, immunoreactivities for dynorphin A and α-neo-endorphin were localized in pancreatic enterochromaffin cells, but not in islet cells. Immunoreactivity for Met-enkephalin was confined exclusively to B-cells and was localized only in some secretory granules. However, pre-treatment of semi-thin sections with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B led to a marked increase of Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity in B-cells. In addition, immunoreactivities for Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu and bovine adrenal medulla dodecapeptide could be demonstrated in B-and A-cells, and β-endorphin immunoreactivity was localized in A-cells. In no case, however, were immunoreactivities detected for bovine adrenal medulla docosapeptide, peptide F, corticotropin, melanotropin or dynorphin 1–32. The immunohistochemical findings indicate that opioids of different peptide families are present in the guinea pig endocrine pancreas. Since several opioid peptides of the corresponding pro-hormones could be demonstrated in the reference organs but not in the pancreas, it is concluded that the biosynthetic pathways of the respective precursors are different from those in the adrenal medulla or in the pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318454
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  • 84
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    Cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary of the rat during the postnatal period (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell proliferation ; Anterior pituitary ; Postnatal development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary of 2-, 8-, 15- and 30-day-old rats was examined by injection of bromodeoxyuridine 1 h before autopsy. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporated into DNA was detected immunohistochemically by use of a monoclonal antibody. The highest rate of cell proliferation was found in 2-day-old animals; it decreased thereafter during the postnatal period. Possible toxic effects of colchicine on cellular proliferation were examined. Colchicine treatment (10 mg/kg in 8- and 30-day-old animals) significantly decreased the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labelled cells/mm2 in 8-day-old rats. Some sections were doubly immunostained for bromodeoxyuridine and various pituitary hormones. The proportion of doubly-immunostained cells to all proliferating cells was generally low, ranging from 23% at 2 days to 32% at 30 days of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318674
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  • 85
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    Immunohistochemical identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in nerves of the bovine parathyroid gland (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parathyroid glands ; Neuropeptide colocalization ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although peptide neurotransmitters have been shown to modulate hormone secretion in many glands, there are very few studies of neurotransmitters in the parathyroid gland. Bovine parathyroid glands were collected at a local abattoir, fixed with paraformaldehyde, sectioned using a cryostat, and stained by indirect immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. We were able to positively identify both neuropeptides. Nerve fibres containing calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P were identified in contact with the tunica media of arteries and arterioles and dispersed throughout the stroma of the gland. While many of the fibres encircled parenchymal lobules, no intimate contact with the peripheral chief cells was observed. All immunoreactive fibres were found to contain both neuropeptides. Since calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P are vasodilators, they may increase blood flow within the gland. In addition, the neuropeptides may diffuse from perilobular nerve fibres into the parenchyma, thereby modulating secretion of parathyroid hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318675
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  • 86
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    Immunohistochemical localization of 14 kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin in various organs of rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lectin ; Smooth muscle cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of 14 kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin in various organs of adult rat was achieved using a monospecific antibody raised against lectin purified from rat lung. The antibody-stained cells were formed into small aggregates, thin fascicles, or thick bundles in the walls of blood vessels, gastrointestinal tracts and urogenital organs. From the patterns of distribution, as well as their organization, these immunoreactive cells were regarded as smooth muscle cells. This was confirmed by a double immunofluorescence study using a mixture of anti 14 kDa lectin and anti α-smooth muscle-specific actin antibodies. Strong 14 kDa lectin immunoreactivity was seen in the pericellular matrix of smooth muscle cells in intact organs as well as in detergent-treated organs from which all cellular components were extracted. From these findings, it is suggested that the 14 kDa lectin may be externalized by smooth muscle cells into their pericellular matrix and participate in the crosslinking of the complementary glycoconjugate(s) localized at that site. The macromolecular complex of glycoconjugates thus formed around smooth muscle cells may play a role in anchoring smooth muscle cells to the pericellular connective tissue thereby permitting the force of muscle contraction to be efficiently transmitted to the surrounding connective tissue proper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571428
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  • 87
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    Type-VI collagen in the human iris and ciliary body (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Type-VI collagen ; Type-IV collagen ; Laminin ; Fibronectin ; Long-spacing collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Uvea ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of type-VI collagen in the human iris and ciliary body was investigated by means of immunohistochemical techniques and compared with that of type-IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin. As has been described for other tissues, type-VI collagen surrounds type-I and-III collagen fibers. The aggregated from of type-IV collagen (the “long-spacing” or “curly” collagen), which has already been described in the trabecular meshwork and sclera, was also observed at the ciliary muscle tips surrounding the anterior elastic tendons of this muscle. In addition, staining for type-VI collagen was seen directly adjacent to the basement membranes of the ciliary muscle cells, the iris muscles, the uveal vascular endothelia and nerves, but not adjacent to the epithelial basement membranes. The staining did not form a discrete line like the immunoreaction for type-IV collagen, but bundles of marked fibrils extended into the surrounding connective tissue. We assume that type-VI collagen similar to type-VII collagen forms part of an anchoring system for these tissues. As type-VII collagen has been described only in connection with epithelial basement membranes, both type-VI and type-VII collagens may represent anchoring fibrils, however for different tissue components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318453
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  • 88
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    Lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ; Nasal cavity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lymphocyte and macrophage subpopulations and the stroma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the nasal cavity of the rat were examined by application of immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical methods to cryostat sections. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue was composed of a loose reticular network with lymphocytes and macrophages, covered by epithelium. The epithelium was infiltrated with B cells, T helper (W3/13-positive) and T suppressor/cytotoxic or large granular cells (OX8-positive), ED1-positive macrophages and Ia-positive cells. The B cell areas were populated by B cells, immunopositive for surface IgM or IgG. B cells with surface IgA or IgE were rare. Germinal centres were found infrequently. T helper cells were scattered throughout the B cell area. A few ED1-positive macrophages and ED5-positive follicular dendritic cells were observed. Strong Ia staining (mostly of B cells) was found in this area. The T cell areas contained T helper and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in about equal amounts, and numerous ED1-positive macrophages. ED1 staining was also found in the subepithelial area. Numerous ED1-, ED2- and ED3-positive macrophages were found in the border between the lymphoid mass and the surrounding connective tissue. A few non-lymphoid cells showed weak acid phosphatase or non-specific esterase activity. The morphological observations suggest that nasal-associated lymphoid tissue plays an important role in the first contact with inhaled antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318460
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  • 89
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    Immunohistochemical colocalization of glucagon, serotonin, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in islet A cells of chicken pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: A cells ; Glucagon ; Serotonin ; Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The identity of monoamine-emitted, formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in some pancreatic islet cells was studied in pancreatic tissue of male chickens by fluorescence and immunohistochemistry either on the same tissue section or on serial tissue sections. Pancreatic islet cells emitting intense formaldehyde-induced fluorescence also react immunohistochemically with antisera directed against glucagon, serotonin and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. These results show that chicken pancreatic islet A cells contain glucagon, serotonin, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of serotonin. The islet B cells identified with anti-insulin immunoreactivity, which displayed a very weak formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, did not react with anti-serotonin serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571431
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  • 90
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    Distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the forebrain of the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemical neuroanatomy ; Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity was studied in the forebrain (tel-and diencephalon) of the goldfish by means of immunocytochemistry on Vibratome sections using antibodies against GABA. Positive perikarya were detected in the olfactory bulbs and in all divisions of the telencephalon, the highest density being found along the midline. In the diencephalon, GABA-containing cell bodies were found in the hypothalamus, in particular in the preoptic and tuberal regions. The inferior lobes, the nucleus recessus lateralis, and more laterodorsal regions, such as the nucleus glomerulosus and surrounding structures, also exhibited numerous GABA-positive perikarya. Cell bodies were also noted in the thalamus, in particular in the dorsomedial, dorsolateral and ventromedial nuclei. The relative density of immunoreactive fibers was evaluated for each brain nucleus and classified into five categories. This ubiquitous distribution indicates that, as in higher vertebrates, GABA most probably represents one of the major neurotransmitters in the brain of teleosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297492
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  • 91
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    Cellular localization of intrinsic factor in pancreas and stomach of the dog (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intrinsic factor ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic intrinsic factor ; Stomach ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cobalamin (vitamin B12)-binding protein has recently been identified in canine pancreatic juice which is biochemically, immunochemically and functionally similar to canine gastric intrinsic factor. However, the cellular sources of both this pancreatic intrinsic factor and gastric intrinsic factor in the dog are not known. Antisera raised against canine gastric intrinsic factor have been used to examine the distribution of intrinsic factors in the canine pancreas and stomach. Immunoreactivity was demonstrated in duct cells but not acinar or endocrine cells in the pancreas, and in fundic peptic and pyloric gastric pit cells in stomach. All immunostaining was abolished by preabsorption of the antisera with purified canine gastric and pancreatic intrinsic factors. A cellular source of pancreatic intrinsic factor has not been previously described, and the demonstration of intrinsic factor-like immunoreactivity in two cell types in the canine stomach contrasts with its localization in a single cell type in the gastric mucosa of other mammalian species. Furthermore, immunoreactivity in pancreatic duct cells was detected at much higher dilutions of antisera than those required for staining of peptic and gastric pit cells. This suggests a higher concentration of antigen, and supports previous evidence that the pancreas is a major source of intrinsic factor in the dog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297496
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  • 92
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    Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide in the fish heart and blood plasma examined by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Heart ; Freshwater fish ; Seawater fish ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Radioimmunoassay ; Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei) ; Narke japonica (Elasmobranchii) ; Eptatretus burgeri (Cyclostomata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoreactivity of atrial natriuretic peptide and ultrastructure of cardiocytes were examined in 5 species each of freshwater and seawater teleosts, as well as in 2 species each of elasmobranchs and cyclostomes. Immunoreactivity was strong in the atria of Cyprinus carpio, Anguilla japonica and Conger myriaster, rather weak in atria of Channa maculata, Lepomis macrochirus, Salmo gairdneri, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Eptatretus burgeri, very weak in atria of Pagrus major, Trachurus japonicus and Triakis scyllia, and not detectable in atria of Hexagrammos otakii, Narke japonica and Lampetra japonica. The immunoreactivity of the atrial cardiocytes was generally stronger in freshwater than seawater fish. Ventricular immunoreactivity was detected only in 7 species, always being weaker than that observed in the atrium. Ultrastructurally, however, secretory granules were found in atria and ventricles of all species examined, being more frequent in the former than the latter. By radioimmunoassay, immunoreactive ANP was detected in the extracts of blood plasma and both atrial and ventricular tissues of all species examined. There were no statistically significant differences in the values between freshwater and seawater species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318627
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of iodopsin in the retina of the chicken and Japanese quail (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Iodopsin ; Photoreceptor cells ; Cones ; Oil droplets, in retinal cones ; Immunohistochemistry ; Domestic fowl ; Japanese quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localization of iodopsin in the retina of the chicken and Japanese quail was investigated immunohistochemically with the use of monoclonal antibodies (R1-R4) highly specific for R-photopsin (protein moiety of iodopsin). In paraffin sections of the retina, the outer segments of double cones (principal and accessory cones) and of one particular type of single cones were labeled with the antibodies. In addition, reticular cytoplasmic structures, probably representing the Golgi apparatus in a position close to the vitreous pole of the paraboloid and to the outer limiting membrane were intensely stained in the cone cells bearing an immunoreactive outer segment. In whole-mount preparations, 5 types of cone cells were identified according to the color of oil droplets, i.e., red, yellow, pale-green (principal member of double cones), pale-blue and clear, in addition to a sixth type devoid of an oil droplet (accessory member of double cones). The immunohistochemical analysis of the preparations revealed that R-photopsin (suggesting the presence of iodopsin) is localized in the outer segments of both the principal and accessory members of double cones, and the population of single cones displaying a red oil droplet. Other cones endowed with a yellow, blue or clear oil droplet were not labeled with the antibodies used. Similar results were obtained in the retina of the Japanese quail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313517
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of the mink pineal gland with neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing nerve fibers (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Central innervation ; NPY ; Immunohistochemistry ; Superior cervical ganglionectomy ; Mink (Mustela vison)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical investigation of the mink pineal gland was performed by use of antibodies raised in rabbits against neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Cys-NPY (32–36)-amide recognizing neuropeptide Y with an amidation at position 36 (NPYamide). NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers were located predominantly in the rostral part of the pineal gland and in the pineal stalk. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were found throughout the pineal gland, but the number of fibers in the caudal part of the gland was low. The fibers were present both in the perivascular spaces and between the pinealocytes. Many NPY-immunoreactive fibers were also located in the posterior and habenular commissures; some of these fibers were connected with the fibers in the rostral part of the mink pineal gland, indicating that at least some of the NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers are of central origin. The nerve fibers immunoreactive to amidated NPY were distributed in a similar manner. However, the number of fibers immunoreactive to NPYamide was lower than the number of fibers immunoreactive to NPY itself. After removal of the superior cervical ganglia bilaterally 22 days or 12 months before sacrifice, NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers remained in the gland. This immunohistochemical study of the mink pineal gland therefore shows that the NPY/NPYamide-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland in this spegcies are a component of the central innervation or originnate from extracerebral parasympathetic ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313526
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of an immunoreactive endothelin-like substance in the nervous system of the nereid, Neanthes diversicolor (Annelida) (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 485-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Peptidergic neurons ; Neanthes diversicolor (Annelida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of an immunoreactive endothelin-1-like peptide was investigated in the nereid, Neanthes diversicolor, using an antiserum raised against synthetic endothelin-1. Immunoreactive perikarya were localized in the brain, and nerve fibers containing endothelin-1-like material were found in the neuropil occupying the central portion of the brain. No immunostained fiber elements were traced in the circumesophageal connectives. Immunoreactive perikarya occurred in the subesophageal ganglion. From this ganglion, specifically stained fibers run posteriorly toward the ventral nerve cord. In each segmental ganglion, immunoreactive neurons were observed in medio-ventral and latero-ventral regions, and one or two marked fibers extended to the parapodium. In the parapodium, small immunoreactive perikarya and fiber elements were visible. Immunolabeled fibers occurred in the stomatogastric nerves, in the wall of the buccal cavity, and in the pharynx, esophagus, intestine and its anal region. Immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibers were visualized between the circular muscle layer and epithelial cell layer in the esophagus and intestine. The endothelin-1-like substance shown to occur in N. diversicolor appears to function as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313527
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence and distribution of certain polypeptides within the human carotid body (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Enkephalins ; Substance P ; VIP ; Neurotensin ; Bombesin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both carotid bodies from 26 patients coming to necropsy were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and sections 4 μm thick were stained for various peptides by use of the immunogold technique. The results show that the human carotid body contains met- and leu-enkephalin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin and bombesin. The distribution of these six peptides within the carotid body differs. Thus met- and leu-enkephalin are both present predominantly within glomic chief cells but with a marked tendency to favour the dark variant of these cells. Substance P and VIP both show a weak immunoreactivity in comparison to the enkephalins and are present in all three variants of chief cell. Neurotensin shows the weakest immunoreactivity of all and is restricted to a few glomic chief cells in a minority of cases. Bombesin also shows a weak immunoreactivity in glomic chief cells but a strong reaction in glomic arteries and arterioles. In these vessels bombesin appears to be confined to smooth muscle cells in the media but we cannot say whether it is secreted by them or merely bound to receptor sites on their membranes. These findings are related to quantitative data on the concentration of peptides in the human carotid body from a previous paper with which we were associated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313536
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic development of synovial A cells in fetal and neonatal rat knee joints (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synovial A cell ; Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Organ culture ; Autoradiography ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ontogenetic development of the synovial A cells in fetal rat knee joints was investigated by immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy, cultivation, and autoradiography. At day 17 of gestation, immature macrophages were first seen in the articular interzone, and thereafter they differentiated into macrophages (synovial A cells), which were found in the synovial intima. The degree of reactivity of macrophages with five monoclonal antibodies increased in the developing synovial membranes of fetal rats as shown by immunohistochemistry. Similar findings were obtained in organ cultures of fetal knee joints. A marked difference of proliferative potential was found between A and B cells during ontogeny. A cells after birth did not incorporate 3H-thymidine in contrast to B cells. Before birth, B cells had a labelling index which was at least five times larger than that of A cells. The results of this study indicate that the synovial A cells are derived from both monocytes and fetal macrophages circulating in peripheral blood and that they differ from the synovial B cells in morphology, differentiation, and proliferative potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327740
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycosyl receptors in macrophage subpopulations of rat spleen and lymph node (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Lymph node ; Macrophage subpopulations ; Neoglycoproteins ; Glycosyl receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have developed an immunohistochemical method for the in vivo and in vitro detection of glycosyl receptors in rat spleen and lymph nodes by using neoglycoproteins. The receptor in both organs recognized mannose coupled to bovine serum albumin (mannose-BSA), fuscose-BSA, N-acetylglucosamine-BSA and to a lesser extent glucose-BSA, but not galactose-BSA or N-acetylgalactosamine-BSA. In vitro neoglycoprotein-receptor binding was Ca2+ dependent and could be inhibited by mannan but not by mannose. Simultaneous staining with the monoclonal antibodies ED1, ED2 or ED3 revealed that only ED1-and ED3-positive macrophages were involved in the binding of neoglycoproteins. In the spleen, the marginal-zone macrophages and a subpopulation of the marginal metallophils possess glycosylbinding receptors. In the lymph nodes, the medullary sinus macrophages and a subpopulation of the outercortex macrophages are able to bind neoglycoproteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327742
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intragranular co-storage of neuropeptide Y and arginine vasopressin in the paraventricular magnocellular neurons of the rat hypothalamus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Arginine vasopressin ; Co-storage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Certain populations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus became immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY) when rats were treated with colchicine or monosodium glutamate (MSG). The co-storage of these peptides was examined by empooying a post-embedding electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry technique using goldlabeled antibodies to the two peptides. In colchicinetreated rats, the neuronal perikarya contained numerous secretory granules showing co-storage of the two peptides. The cells of the MSG-treated rats were characterized by having well-developed Golgi bodies with the granular structures also co-storing the two peptides, although the secretory granules in the perikarya were rather fewer than in the colchicine-treated rats. It is concluded that the destruction of the arcuate nucleus by MSG-treatment may potentiate the synthesis of NPY in AVP neurons, the synthesis of which is latent in intact animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327744
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of man and rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Diabetes mellitus ; Man ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) was made on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas of man and rat, using antisera raised against a synthetic peptide of C-terminal human IAPP (24–37) and a synthetic peptide of rat IAPP (18–37). A large number of IAPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric antrum, and a small number in the body of the stomach in both man and rat. Cytoplasmic processes extended out from the bipolar peripheral region of the immunoreactive cells, rather like neuronal processes, and some appeared to make contact with other immunoreactive cells. In addition, small numbers of immunoreactive cells were also seen in the duodenum and rectum, whereas they were absent from the jejunum, ileum and large intestine. An examination was made for evidence of colocalization of IAPP-immunoreactive material with material immunoreactive for gastrin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon, but none was found. IAPP-immunoreactive cells were also found in the pancreas of non-diabetic and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but they were completely absent from a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus despite the presence of IAPP in the plasma. The results of these studies suggest that the peptide may have a biological role in situ in the GI tract and, in addition to the pancreas, may be a possible source of plasma IAPP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305236
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