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  • 2000-2004  (158)
  • 1925-1929  (4.111)
  • 1920-1924  (3.032)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (7.143)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (158)
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Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 458-461 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Spine, primary neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present two rare lumbar lesions with similar MRI features: high signal on T1-weighted and proton density images and low signal on T2-weighted images; a melanotic schwannoma, and a giant-cell tumour-like lesion. Melanin in the first case and haemosiderin and metahaemoglobin in the second were responsible for the MRI characteristics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 509-514 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Pineal ; tumours ; Pineocytoma ; Pineoblastoma ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We reviewed neuroradiological images in two histologically proven cases of pineocytoma and three of pineoblastoma to delineate the characteristic features of these rare tumours. CT revealed isodense or slightly hyperdense masses with central or peripheral calcification; enhancement with contrast medium tended to be homogeneous in pineocytomas and heterogeneous in pineoblastomas. In the pineocytomas, T1-weighted images revealed rounded, sometimes or slightly lobulated low-signal masses with strong, homogeneous contrast enhancement. Their margin was clear, without invasion of adjacent structures. In the pineoblastomas, however, T1-weighted images revealed multilobulated tumours with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. All three pineoblastomas had poorly defined margins with adjacent structures such as the posterior thalamus or corpus callosum, suggesting a more invasive nature. T2-weighted images revealed nonspecific high signal lesions in all five case.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Meninges ; Hypotension ; spontaneous intracranial ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report a case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension diagnosed with unenhanced cranial MRI, showing laminar subdural fluid and engorgement of the hypophysis and perisellar sinuses. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was low. MRI was normal after resolution of symptoms. Prior reports emphasise the enhancing pachymeninges seen in this syndrome. We maintain that, when subdural collections and perisellar engorgement are detected on unenhanced MRI in the proper clinical setting, contrast enhancement may not be necessary for the diagnosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 551-563 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Spine ; infections ; Spine ; neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Our purpose was to describe the range of MRI findings in infectious and neoplastic involvement of the spine and spinal cord in symptomatic patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). MRI studies in 55 patients with AIDS and neurological signs and symptoms thought to be related to the spine or spinal cord were reviewed. We categorized the findings according to the spinal compartment involved. There were 29 patients with extradural, 11 with intradural-extramedullary and 9 with intramedullary disease. In 6 patients more than one compartment was involved simultaneously, and patients presented with multiple lesions in the same compartment. The most common causes of extradural disease were bone lesions (28); an epidural mass was seen in 14 and spondylodiscitis in 4 patients. Cytomegalovirus polyradiculitis was the most common cause of intradural-extramedullary disease (in 10 cases); herpes radiculitis was seen in two, and tuberculous infection in another two. In three cases leptomeningeal contrast enhancement was due to lymphoma. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) myelitis was seen in two patients, presumed vacuolar myelopathy in two, toxoplasma myelitis in four, intramedullary lymphoma in one, and herpes myelitis in one. Familiarity with the various potential pathological entities that can affect the spine and spinal cord in the AIDS population and their imaging characteristics is crucial for initiation of further diagnostic tests and appropriate medical or surgical treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Spine ; surgery ; Infection ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We evaluated the role of MRI in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis. Spondylodiscitis is a serious complication of surgery, and the diagnosis frequently depends on a combination of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. We compared the MRI findings in six patients with biopsy- or surgery-proven spondylodiscitis with those in 38 asymptomatic postoperative patients. Contrast enhancement and signal changes in the intervertebral disc or the vertebral endplates are not specific for spondylodiscitis, being also seen in the asymptomatic patients. However, absence of Modic type 1 changes, of contrast enhancement of the disc or of enhancing paravertebral soft tissues suggests that the patient does not have spondylodiscitis. MRI appears more useful for exclusion than for confirmation of postoperative spondylodiscitis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 466-468 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Orbit ; Schwannoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The literature on MRI of orbital schwannomas is limited. The appearances in three patients with an orbital schwannoma were reviewed. A superior orbitotomy through a subfrontal craniotomy revealed a schwannoma in all cases. MRI characteristics of very low signal on T 1-weighted images and homogeneous postcontrast enhancement may be helpful for differentiating schwannomas from other intraconal masses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 505-508 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Meninges ; Adenoma ; pituitary ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We describe the normal dural enhancement patterns of the sellar region and determine whether the duramater is affected by pituitary macroadenomas. Dural enhancement appeared to be usually abnormal in 20 patients with pituitary macroadenoma compared with 20 control patients, mainly at the planum sphenoidale and carotid sulcus. However dural changes are subtle and their recognition requires knowledge of the normal enhancement patterns. Dural changes, reported in a variety of inflammatory and infectious dural diseases and after surgery, are not specific and may be also seen in pituitary macroadenomas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 526-528 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Vasculitis ; cerebral ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cerebral ischaemia caused by inflammatory vasculopathies has been described as complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Imaging studies have shown ischaemic lesions and changes of the vascular lumen, but did not allow demonstration of abnormalities within the vessel wall itself. Two HIV-infected men presented with symptoms of a transient ischaemic attack. Initial MRI of the first showed no infarct; in the second two small lacunar lesions were detected. In both cases, multiplanar 3-mm slice contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed aneurysmal dilatation, with thickening and contrast enhancement of the wall of the internal carotid and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries. These findings were interpreted as indicating cerebral vasculitis. In the first patient the vasculopathy progressed to carotid artery occlusion, and he developed an infarct in the MCA territory, but then remained neurologically stable. In the second patient varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection was the probable cause of vasculitis. The clinical deficits and vasculitic MRI changes regressed with antiviral and immunosuppressive therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 586-590 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Spine ; Subdural haematoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present MRI findings in three patients with acute spontaneous subdural haematomas of the spine. Acute haematomas (1–3 days) were isointense or gave slightly high signal on T1- and heterogeneous signal on T2-weighted images. MRI precisely defined the level and extent of the haematoma preoperatively. The MRI was prospectively correctly interpreted as acute subdural haematomas in all patients. As a specific, noninvasive modality, MRI is the preferred imaging technique in this rare clinical entity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 15 (2000), S. 9-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Rectal cancer staging ; Computed tomography ; Endorectal sonography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Systematic review
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  With the widespread introduction of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer and the development of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for selected early lesions, preoperative radiological staging of these tumours has taken on increasing importance. This study is a systematic review to evaluate computed tomography (CT), endorectal sonography (ES) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as preoperative staging modalities in rectal cancer. A Medline-based search identifying studies using CT, ES, or MRI in preoperative staging of rectal cancer between 1980 and 1998 was undertaken. The list of papers was supplemented by extensive cross-checking of citation lists. Studies were included if they met predetermined criteria. Data from the accepted studies were entered into pooled tables comparing radiological and pathological staging results for each modality both in determining bowel wall penetration and involvement of lymph nodes. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were determined for the pooled results. Eighty-three studies from 78 papers including 4897 patients met the inclusion criteria. In determining the wall penetration of the tumour the values for sensitivity for CT, ES, MRI and MRI with endorectal coil were 78%, 93%, 86% and 89%; for specificity 63%, 78%, 77% and 79%; and for accuracy 73%, 87%, 82% and 84%, respectively. In determining the nodal involvement by tumour the sensitivity values for CT, ES, MRI and MRI with endorectal coil 52%, 71%, 65% and 82%; for specificity 78%, 76%, 80% and 83%; and for accuracy 66%, 74%, 74% and 82%, respectively. MRI with an endorectal coil is the single investigation that most accurately predicts pathological stage in rectal cancer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 829-831 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Intraoperative imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Anatomical and functional neuronavigation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The Erlangen-concept of image-guided-surgery is based on the installation of an open magnetic resonance (MR) scanner (Magnetom Open, 0.2 T, Siemens AG) in a twin operating room in combination with two neuronavigation systems (Stealth NeuroStation, Sofamor Danek, MKM Zeiss). Since March 1996 this method has been used for a total of 402 patients, among them 44 children. In 214 patients, mainly with gliomas or pituitary adenomas or who needed surgery for epilepsy, we performed intraoperative MR imaging to monitor the extent of resection, allowing a second look for possible tumor remnants and also compensating for brain shift by an intraoperative update of neuronavigation. Functional neuronavigation, i.e. the combination of anatomical neuronavigation with functional imaging [e.g. magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)] was used in patients with lesions in brain areas such as the motor and speech areas. For MEG we used a MAGNES II biomagnetometer (Biomagnetic Technologies, San Diego, Calif.) and for fMRI a 1.5 T Siemens Symphony MR scanner. So far we have treated 89 patients with functional neuronavigation. Our preliminary experience indicates that intraoperative MR imaging, especially in combination with functional neuronavigation, allows more radical resections with lower morbidity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 138-142 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Craniopharyngioma ; Posterior fossa tumors ; Microsurgery ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computerized tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Between 1991 and 1998, 24 patients underwent surgery for a craniopharyngioma in our department. This group included two patients who had tumors with extensive growth along the midline, and along the posterior fossa in particular. In both cases suprasellar calcifications were typical features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). A 7-year-old boy presented with a 6-month history of headache, nausea, and progressive unilateral hearing loss. With a suboccipital approach it was possible to remove the main part of the tumor. In a 13-year-old boy headache and visual deterioration led to the diagnosis of a craniopharyngioma, which was removed with a pterional approach. For the neuroimaging work-up in such cases of atypically growing craniopharyngiomas MRI is the method of choice. Additional CT scanning is recommended, which provides valuable information about bony changes at the skull base due to space-occupying growth. CT substantiates the differential diagnosis if typical calcifications are seen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 398-401 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Primitive neuroectodermal tumor ; Diffuse leptomeningeal neoplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pseudotumor cerebri ; Sinus thrombosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are easily detected by neuroradiologic imaging, as a rule. We report on two patients with early diffuse leptomeningeal primitive neuroectodermal tumors which escaped detection by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 551-554 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Acute myelitis of childhood ; Fibrocartilaginous embolism ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spinal cord infarction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Fibrocartilaginous embolus causing acute spinal cord infarction is a rare cause of acute-onset paraplegia or quadriplegia. Few cases of survivors have been reported in the neurosurgical literature, with most reports involving post-mortem or biopsy findings. There is little information on MRI findings in such patients. We present the youngest patient ever reported, and discuss the important differences between fibrocartilaginous embolus and acute myelitis of childhood. A 6-year-old girl with a history of back pain presented with sudden-onset nontraumatic paraplegia, with a clinical anterior spinal artery syndrome. Initial MRI scan revealed intervertebral disc disease at L1–2 and an incidental thoracic syrinx, but no cause for her acute-onset paraplegia was identified. Cerebrospinal fluid and other investigations were all negative. Sequential MRI scans revealed development of spinal cord expansion from T10 to the conus medullaris, with increased cord signal in the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. The intervertebral disc disease was unchanged. The imaging and clinical findings were caused by fibrocartilaginous embolus, which meant there was no need for spinal cord biopsy. The report describes the clinical and imaging criteria for diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolus, highlighting the case for avoiding an unnecessary biopsy. The clinical pattern in the paediatric group is discussed, with features differentiating it from acute myelitis of childhood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Cavernous angioma ; Cerebral angiography ; Dynamic scan ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sinus pericranii
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Objects: Sinus pericranii is only a symptom complex, and it can have a variety of etiologies. Therefore, it is important to differentiate these etiologies preoperatively by means of radiological examinations. A 5-year-old boy was admitted with a soft and fluctuant tumor in the right parietal region near the midline. The tumor appeared when the child was in a recumbent position, distending noticeably with the Valsalva maneuver and disappearing completely when the patient was in the sitting position. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging showed the lesion with honeycomb-like heterogeneous iso- and low-intensity signals on the T1-weighted image and with heterogeneous high- and iso- intensity signal on the T2-weighted image. Dynamic study with an injection of gadolinium diethylene-triaminopentaacetic acid demonstrated and nodular peripheral enhancement at early phase and subsequent progressive enhancement towards the center of tumor. The internal carotid angiogram was normal. The external carotid angiogram, however, showed a tumor stain fed by the superficial temporal arteries. The stain was retained until the late phase and drained into the scalp veins and into the superior sagittal sinus. Following direct injection of contrast medium into the tumor there was prolonged retention of the medium in the tumor and leakage into scalp veins and the superior sagittal sinus. The mass under the periosteum was totally removed and proved to be a cavernous angioma. Conclusions: Scalp cavernous angioma is one of the etiologies of sinus pericranii and may be diagnosed preoperatively by cerebral angiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Serial dynamic magnetic resonance imaging will be particularly helpful for this diagnosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ki-67 labeling index ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Optic nerve glioma ; p53 ; Pilocytic ¶astrocytoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Gliomas of the optic nerve, although typically of pilocytic (WHO grade I) histology, can present within the spectrum of astrocytic neoplasia including glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). In certain cases, histologic features alone make the distinction between pilocytic and diffuse astrocytomas difficult. We reviewed 22 cases of optic nerve gliomas, 19 of which were pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), and 3 of which were diffuse, non-pilocytic astrocytomas. The cases were evaluated for their clinical course, radiographic appearance, histologic grade, and proliferation indices as detected by MIB-1 (Ki-67) and p53 antibodies. Of the 19 PA, 14 showed no tumor growth by magnetic resonance imaging, and had Ki-67 and p53 labeling indices (LI) of 〈 1%. The other 5 PA exhibited aggressive behavior manifest by marked diffuse infiltrative tumor growth causing death in 2 patients, 1 of whom was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (immunoperoxidase and radiographs not available), and marked local growth with an average time to growth of 39.3 months, a Ki-67 LI of 2–3%, and a p53 LI of 〈 1% in three others. Three of the five aggressive PA histologically demonstrated a finely reticulated pattern, a pattern that appears as an exaggeration or expansion of the normal neuroglia of the optic nerve, and may simulate a diffuse low-grade astrocytoma. Two demonstrated the coarsely reticulated pattern, with the biphasic and microcystic pattern typical of PA. Three diffuse astrocytomas (2 anaplastic astrocytomas and 1 glioblastoma) originated clinically and radiographically from the optic nerve, and revealed a Ki-67 LI of 2–12%, a p53 LI of 2–8%, and an average time to growth of 8 months. We conclude that the majority of PA of the optic nerve are non-aggressive, stabilize radiographically, and have Ki-67 and p53 LI 〈 1%. However, a subpopulation of PA has a propensity for aggressive behavior, and are identified by a Ki-67 LI of 2–3% and a p53 LI of 〈 1%. Diffuse astrocytomas have both Ki-67 and p53 LI 〉 2%. Thus, in cases of aggressive optic nerve tumors in which the histologic review of biopsy material cannot confidently confirm the diagnosis of pilocytic or diffuse fibrillary glioma, a p53 LI of 〉 1% appears to favor the diagnosis of diffuse astrocytoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. 555-562 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Epilepsy ; Cortical malformations ; Migration disorders ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In this review, a simplified scheme for classification of cortical malformations is introduced and illustrated based on the work of Barkovich et al. [8]. Detailed MRI studies identify cortical malformations as a major cause of epilepsy in children. Two aspects that are becoming increasingly important for the paediatrician are emphasised. First, knowledge of the genetic background of cortical malformations is necessary for appropriate genetic counselling. Although the majority of cortical malformations occur sporadically, recent studies have shown a familial pattern in specific epilepsy syndromes associated with cortical malformations. Second, the epilepsy becomes refractory to the common anti-epileptic drugs in many patients with cortical malformations so that epilepsy surgery should be considered. In this respect, the paediatrician can play a pivotal role in referring candidate patients for further specialised assessment. Conclusion The input of the paediatrician will become crucial to link clinical, genetic and neuro-imaging data in children with the great variety of possible cortical malformations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. S114 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Dietary therapy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neurology ; Pathology ; Phenylketonuria ; AbbreviationsHPA hyperphenylalaninaemia ; 1H-MRS proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Phe phenylalanine ; PKU phenylketonuria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Neurological abnormalities in phenylketonuria were described before dietary treatment became possible. These included tremor, clumsiness, epilepsy, spastic paraparesis and occasionally extrapyramidal features. Neurological deterioration after childhood was recognised. Patients with neurological deterioration described recently have been late diagnosed or intellectually impaired or both. No early diagnosed patient who was well treated and of good intellectual outcome has yet shown neurological deterioration after stopping diet but it may happen. Conclusion The fascinating links between pathology, magnetic resonance imaging appearances, magnetic resonance spectroscopy results and clinical features are not yet clearly understood. Patients must understand the possible risks of stopping diet and make their choice. All patients need help, support and follow-up regardless of the choices they make over continuing diet.
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 841-843 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Skeletal muscle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. We present the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a patient who, following treatment for pancreatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), relapsed with apparently isolated involvement of the right masticator space and left psoas muscles. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising from the masticator space muscles is very rare. In addition, simultaneous lymphomatous involvement of multiple discrete skeletal muscle sites, in the absence of disease elsewhere, has previously only been reported in the limb or limb girdle muscles. Lymphoma should be considered as a cause of isolated enlarged skeletal muscles, even when involving such distant sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Acute myelofibrosis ; Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia ; Scintigraphy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Interferon gamma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Acute myelofibrosis is a rare, malignant hematological disorder of unknown etiology with an inevitably fatal outcome. Here we present the study of a 63-year-old Caucasian man with acute onset of pancytopenia. Repeated bone marrow biopsies showed dense fibrosis and hypoplastic hematopoiesis raising various differential diagnoses of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Bone marrow scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed areas suggesting neoplastic infiltration, mainly in both femurs and tibias. Histological examination of a surgical biopsy of the left tibia revealed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. As the patient refused polychemotherapy, therapy with interferon gamma was initiated but discontinued prematurely because of intolerable side effects. The presented case therefore suggests that the combination of bone marrow scintigraphy and MRI is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients presenting with myelofibrosis of unknown origin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Techniques in coloproctology 4 (2000), S. 129-131 
    ISSN: 1128-045X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Colonscopy ; CT scanning ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Virtual colonoscopy ; Pneumocolography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Colonoscopy is an invasive technique, frequently incomplete and often poorly tolerated in elderly patients. New, less invasive modalities are being developed to diagnose moderate-sized adenomatous polyps and colorectal caners which involve pneumo- or hydrocolography with high-resolution surface imaging, either by CT or MR scanning. This approach has recently been supplemented by complex image post-processing to provide a form of virtual colonoscopy which takes account of projected colonic direction and which can map for mucosal anomalies. It remains to be seen how sensitive these newer techniques are and whether defined algorithms for colonic representation can be agreed upon which will prove both accurate and cost-effective both in symptomatic and screening populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Schlagwort(e): Spinal cord ; Dorsal horn ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiologic anatomy ; Dorsal root entry zone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The spinal dorsal horn is known for its important functional role in the field of transmission and modulation of sensory afferents. Because of this, the dorsal horn represents a target for numerous analgesic and antispastic procedures. Thus, it would be interesting to develop imaging dedicated to this spinal structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiologic anatomy of the cervical dorsal horn by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1.5T). The first step consisted in the validation of the anatomic information provided by MRI on 5 human cadavers. A spin-echo sequence (T2, 2000/45) enabled the demonstration of good correlations between histologic sections and axial MRI slices performed at the corresponding cervical levels. The second step was the 〈〈in vivo〈〈 exploration of 20 subjects, aiming at the development of a gradient echo sequence (T2*) with a conventional MRI unit, compatible with a routine clinical examination. The dorsal horn was clearly identified in 77% of the axial slices performed (n = 300). The angle between the dorsal horn axis and the sagittal plane was measured as from 25.5˚ at C2 to 40˚ at C8 segments. The results of this anatomico-radiologic study of the cervical dorsal horn suggest that preoperative MRI could be useful to design the surgical approach to this structure, as performed during cervical microsurgical drezotomy (DREZ = dorsal root entry zone) for the treatment of selected cases of chronic pain or disabling spasticity in the upper limbs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 22 (2000), S. 181-190 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Schlagwort(e): Masseter muscle ; Architecture ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The authors carried out an anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging study of the architecture of the elevator muscles of the mandible in 169 cadavers. The aim of this study was to define the architectural organization of the human masseter muscle, temporalis and pterygoid muscles. Layered dissections and anatomic sections in different spatial planes showed that the masseter muscle exhibited a typical pennate structure consisting of a succession of alternating musculoaponeurotic layers. The muscle had three well-differentiated parts the superficial, intermediate and deep masseter muscles. The same pattern was constantly found 1) for the superficial masseter, two alternate musculoaponeurotic layers oriented at 60∘ in relation to the plane of occlusion, 2) for the intermediate masseter, a single musculo-aponeurotic layer oriented at 90∘ in relation to the occlusal plane, 3) for the deep masseter, three musculoaponeurotic layers whose general orientation was at 90∘ for the bounding layers and 110∘ for the intermediate layer. The MRI study confirmed the reality of this architectural arrangement.
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The journal of headache and pain 1 (2000), S. 67-71 
    ISSN: 1129-2377
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Chronic daily headache ; Migraine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Red nucleus ; Substantia nigra ; Image processing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Using BOLD-fMRI we have previously documented activation of the red nucleus (RN) and substantia nigra (SN) during spontaneously and visually activated migraine headache. These observations prompted us to study brainstem function in chronic daily headache patients using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Seventeen chronic daily headache (CDH) patients, ten episodic migraine (EM) patients and fifteen controls (N) were imaged with a 3 tesla MRI system. For each subject, the relaxation rates R2, R2* and R2' were obtained for RN and SN. There was a significant decrease in R2' and R2* values for RN and SN in CDH compared to N and EM groups (p 〈 0.05), but no significant difference between the N and EM groups. A decrease in R2' and R2* indicates reduced deoxyhemoglobin and hence persistent activation of the RN and SN in CDH patients most likely secondary to ongoing headache at the time of study. The imaging data provide objective evidence of disturbed central nervous system function in CDH.
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 904-915 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Leber ; Sonographie ; Computertomographie ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Szintigraphie ; Positronenemissionstomographie ; Keywords Liver ; Ultrasonography ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radionuclide imaging ; Positron emission tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract Highly specific methods are required for the diagnostic workup of focal hepatic lesions, since benign circumscribed liver changes are very common. Although cross-sectional imaging techniques have a high diagnostic accuracy, radionuclide imaging techniques such as colloid, red blood cell, or hepatobiliary scan are commonly performed when a benign lesion is assumed since these permit a definite diagnosis with high specificity. The diagnosis of a primary or secondary malignant liver tumor, however, usually relies on radiological imaging techniques alone, supported by needle biopsy. Whether positron emission tomography as a primary or supplementary diagnostic tool will have a role in the routine staging of malignant tumors remains to be determined.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Abklärung umschriebener Leberveränderungen erfordert den Einsatz von Methoden hoher Spezifität, da die Prävalenz benigner, fokaler Läsionen sehr hoch ist. Hierfür sind radiologische Schnittbildtechniken grundsätzlich gut geeignet. Wenn aufgrund der sonographischen, computertomographischen oder magnetresonanztomographischen Befunde eine gutartige Läsion anzunehmen ist, werden jedoch häufig ergänzend die Kolloiderythrozyten- oder hepatobiliäre Szintigraphie – ggf. in Kombination – eingesetzt, da hiermit rasch eine abschließende Diagnose mit hoher Spezifität gestellt werden kann. Bei malignen primären oder sekundären Lebertumoren hingegen werden nuklearmedizinische Zusatzuntersuchungen seltener angefordert, da der radiologische Befund, ggf. gestützt durch eine Ultraschall- oder CT-gezielte Biopsie, eine Diagnose in den meisten Fällen erlaubt. Inwieweit sich der primäre oder ergänzende Einsatz der Positronenemissionstomographie im Vergleich zu radiologischen Schnittbildtechniken beim Staging bösartiger Tumoren bewährt, ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt.
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 1064-1076 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Sarkoidose ; Neurosarkoidose ; Granulom ; MRT ; Keywords Sarcoidosis ; Sarcoidosis complications ; Neurosarcoidosis ; Granuloma ; Brain diseases complications ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract The central nervous system is frequently affected during the course of sarcoidosis. Many of these lesions remain without clinical correlates. Unenhanced and contrast enhanced CT and MRI play an important role during the diagnostic work-up of patients with sarcoidosis and suspected or proved CNS involvement. This article summarizes the most frequent manifestations of neurosarcoidosis and provides illustrative examples of MRI findings.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Das Nervensystem ist bei der Sarkoidose häufiger mitbeteiligt als nach klinischen Gesichtspunkten zu vermuten wäre. Den bildgebenden Untersuchungsverfahren kommt eine große Bedeutung beim Nachweis der pathologischen Veränderungen zu. Insbesondere die Kernspintomographie sichert die Diagnosestellung und dient der Verlaufsbeurteilung. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die typischen klinischen und bildgebenden Befunde bei der Neurosarkoidose vorgestellt.
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 465-468 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Fäkale Inkontinenz ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Endoanalspule ; Key words Faecal incontinence ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Endoanal coil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract Purpose. Within the recent years several studies have been performed to determine the value of endoanal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in faecal incontinence. Methods. MRI is performed using a 0.5 – 1.5T unit. A surface coil with a maximum diameter of 19 mm is placed in the anal canal. T2* 3D gradient-echo-sequences and T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo-sequences in coronal, axial und sagittal orientation are acquired. Results. Compared to endoanal ultrasound (EUS), which is the gold standard for diagnosis in faecal incontinence, endoanal MRI is better in visualization of the external sphincter. The accurate delineation of the external sphincter has led to the possibility to evaluate sphincter atrophy. Preliminary results have shown, that endoanal MRI has an accuracy of 90–95% in the demonstration of lesions in the external sphincter. In detection of lesions of the internal sphincter EUS is still superior to endoanal MRI. Conclusion. EUS and endoanal MRI are currently the optimal imaging techniques for faecal incontinenc, with the advantage of detecting external sphincter atrophy with endoanal MRI.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung. In den letzten Jahren wurden mehrere Studien durchgeführt, deren Ziel es war, den Stellenwert von Endoanalspulen in der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zur Abklärung von Sphinkterdefekten bei fäkaler Inkontinenz (FI) zu bestimmen. Methode. Die endoanale MRT wird an 0,5–1,5-Tesla-Geräten durchgeführt. Zur Darstellung der Sphinkteren werden Oberflächenspulen mit einem maximalen Querdurchmesser von 19 mm endoanal appliziert. T2*-gewichtet 3D-Gradientenechosequenzen und T2-gewichtete Turbospinechosequenzen in koronaler, axialer und sagittaler Schnittführung werden zur Darstellung des Analkanals angefertigt. Ergebnisse. Im Vergleich zum endoanalen Ultraschall (EUS), der den Goldstandard bei der Abklärung einer FI darstellt, kann mit der endoanalen MRT v. a. der M. sphincter externus besser abgegrenzt werden. Die exakte Differenzierung des M. sphincter externus vom ischiorektalem Fettgewebe ermöglicht die Diagnose einer Atrophie des äußeren Schließmuskels. Erste Studienergebnisse haben gezeigt, daß die endoanale MRT eine Treffsicherheit von 90–95% bei der Detektion von Defekten im M. sphincter externus erreicht. Die Abklärung einer Kontinuitätsunterbrechung im M. sphincter internus ist nach wie vor eine Domäne des EUS. Schlussfolgerung. Die endoanale MRT stellt eine ergänzende Methode zum EUS dar und ist diesem in der Beurteilung der Morphologie des M. sphincter externus überlegen.
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 625-631 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Computertomographie ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Pharynx ; Tumoren ; Key words Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pharynx ; Tumors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract Background. Malignant tumors of the head and neck region are amongst the six most often occurring tumors of the body. They can be associated with the different anatomical compartments as well as different histologic types. The way of tumor spread of these malignancies depends on their histologic type and on the region. These compartments can be separated into the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the hypopharynx. Most of the malignant tumors belong to the squamous cell carcinomas, other histologic types are depicted less frequently. The histologic types of the other groups which are seen more often comprise of lymphomas and adenoidcystic carcinomas. The undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx is supposed to be a special type of tumor. The malignant tumors of the pharynx can also involve all three compartments. Beside these tumors, malignancies of mesenchymal origin can also be delineated. Imaging modalities. The imaging modalities most frequently used to detect these tumors and to clarify their extension are contrast enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclearmedicine imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography. Other scintigraphic imaging methods play a less important role. Conclusion. The different imaging modalities of malignant pharyngeal tumors and of potentially infiltrated lymphnodes with the weightness on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and their appearance in these imaging techniques shall be enhanced in this paper.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund. Der Kopf-Hals-Bereich zählt weltweit zu den 6 am häufigsten von malignen Tumoren befallenen Körperregionen. Maligne Tumoren des Pharynx können dabei entsprechend der anatomischen Unterteilung – d. h. Nasopharynx, Oropharynx und Hypopharynx – diesen Regionen zugeordnet werden. Neben der grundsätzlich heterogenen Wachstumstendenz weisen diese Tumoren je nach histologischer Herkunft ein recht unterschiedliches Ausbreitungsmuster auf. Bei der überwiegenden Mehrzahl handelt es sich um Plattenepithelkarzinome, die anderen histologischen Typen – wie adenoidzystische Karzinome oder Lymphome – sind weitaus seltener vertreten. Daneben kommen sehr selten auch noch maligne Tumoren mesenchymalen Ursprungs wie z. B. die Rhabdomyosarkome vor. Bildgebung. Die bildgebende Abklärung erfolgt mit der kontrastmittelverstärkten CT, der MRT und in jüngster Zeit mit nuklearmedizinischen Methoden, z. B. PET. Andere szintigraphische Untersuchungsmethoden spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle. Resümee. Verschiedene bildgebende Methoden (schwerpunktmäßig CT und MRT) und die entsprechenden Erscheinungsbilder sowie Lokalisations- bzw. Ausbreitungsdiagnostik der malignen Tumoren und evtl. befallener Lymphknoten dieser Regionen werden vorgestellt.
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  • 129
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter: Strahlentherapieplanung ; Stereotaxie ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; FLAIR-Bildgebung ; Gliome ; Metastasen ; Key Words: Radiotherapy planning ; Stereotaxie ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; FLAIR imaging ; Glioma ; Metastases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Background: FLAIR MR imaging has shown to be a valuable imaging modality in pathologic lesions of the brain including intraaxial brain tumors. The aim of the study was to assess the value of a FLAIR technique in the planning process of stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with cerebral gliomas and metastases. Patients and Methods: Thirty-five patients with cerebral gliomas and 12 patients with a total of 39 cerebral metastases were examined by T2/PD-weighted fast spin-echo, fast FLAIR prior and after contrast and contrast enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo using identical slice parameters. The images were evaluated by using quantitative and qualitative criteria. Quantitative criteria were tumor-to-background and tumor-to-cerebrospinal fluid contrast and contrast-to-noise. The qualitative evaluation was performed as a multireader analysis concerning lesion detection, lesion delineation and image artifacts. Results: In the qualitative evaluation (Tables 3 and 6), all readers found the fast FLAIR images to be superior to fast spin-echo in the exact delineation of cerebral tumors (p 〈 0.001) and the delineation of enhancing and non enhancing tumor parts. Fast FLAIR was superior in the delineation of cortically located and small lesions but was limited in lesions adjacent to the ventricles. Fast FLAIR provided a significantly better tumor-to-CSF contrast and tumor-to-CSF contrast-to-noise (p 〈 0.001) (Tables 1, 2a, 2b, 4, 5). The tumor-to-background contrast and tumor-to-background contrast-to-noise of the fast FLAIR images were lower than that of T2-weighted spin-echo images but were significantly increased after the application of contrast media. FLAIR images had more image artifacts, but the image interpretation was not influenced. Conclusions: FLAIR MR imaging was found to be a valuable sequence in the planning protocol of stereotactic radiotherapy. The concurrent presentation of enhancing and non enhancing tumor tissue on contrast enhanced fast FLAIR imaging enables to use a single imaging sequence in the treatment protocol. This enables to load a reduced image amount into the radiotherapy planning software, is therefore time saving and reduces potential errors.
    Notizen: Hintergrund: Eine FLAIR-(fluid attenuated inversion recovery-)Sequenz wurde in der stereotaktischen Strahlentherapieplanung zerebraler Gliome und Metastasen im Vergleich zu konventionellen Spin-Echo-(SE-)Sequenzen eingesetzt. Überprüft wurde die Wertigkeit dieser Methode anhand der Läsionserkennbarkeit, Läsionsabgrenzung und des Tumorkontrastes. Patientengut und Methode: 35 Patienten mit zerebralen Gliomen und zwölf Patienten mit insgesamt 39 zerebralen Metastasen wurden mit einer FLAIR-Sequenz vor und nach Kontrastmittel, einer T2- und PD-gewichteten SE-(FSE-)Sequenz und einer kontrastmittelunterstützten T1-gewichteten SE-Sequenz untersucht. Eine quantitative Auswertung umfaßte Tumor-zu-Hintergrund- und Tumor-zu-Liquor-Kontrast und Kontrast-zu-Rausch-Bestimmungen. In einer qualitativen Auswertung wurden die Erkennbarkeit und Abgrenzung der Tumoren anhand einer Multireader-Analyse beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Der Tumor-zu-Hintergrund-Kontrast bei zerebralen Gliomen war auf den nativen FLAIR-Aufnahmen den konventionellen FSE-Aufnahmen unterlegen. Beide Reader fanden die FLAIR-Technik aufgrund der Liquorunterdrückung in der Läsionsabgrenzung der T2- und Protonen-gewichteten FSE-Technik hingegen überlegen. Nach Kontrastmittelgabe stieg das Signal bei anreichernden Tumoren auf den FLAIR-Bildern im Mittel um 49%, wodurch der Tumor-zu-Hintergrund-Kontrast den der konventionellen Aufnahmen signifikant (p 〈 0,001) übertraf. Durch die Kontrastmittelgabe wurde auch die Abgrenzung der infiltrativen Tumoranteile signifikant (p 〈 0,001) verbessert. Bei Patienten mit zerebralen Metastasen konnten mittels kontrastmittelunterstützter FLAIR-Aufnahmen signifikant mehr Metastasen als mit nativer FLAIR- und T2/PD-gewichteter FSE-Sequenz, jedoch weniger als mittels kontrastmittelverstärkter T1 SE-Sequenz erkannt werden. Der Nachteil lag hierbei in der geringen Detektionsrate bei sehr kleinen, subkortikal gelegenen Metastasen. Vorteil der Methode war jedoch wie bei den zerebralen Gliomen die gleichzeitige Darstellung von anreicherndem Tumor und umgebendem Ödem. Artefakte nahe der Liquorräume sind auf FLAIR-Bildern häufig, sie störten die Bildinterpretation jedoch nicht wesentlich. Signalhyperintensitäten aufgrund physiologischer Gliosezonen an den Ventrikelrändern sind ebenfalls häufig zu beobachten und müssen in die Bildinterpretation einbezogen werden. Schlußfolgerung: Zusammengefaßt bietet sich die FLAIR-Technik als eine wertvolle Bildgebungssequenz in der stereotaktischen Strahlentherapieplanung von zerebralen Tumoren an. Durch die Verwendung kontrastmittelunterstützter FLAIR-Technik kann sowohl die Definition der radiologischen als auch der makroskopischen Tumorränder auf einer einzigen Bildgebungssequenz erreicht werden. Dieses ist insbesondere für das Einladen der Bilddaten in die verwendeten Bestrahlungsplanungssysteme von Vorteil, da die Bilddatenmenge deutlich reduziert, der Arbeitsaufwand für zusätzliche Bildfusionen vermindert und mögliche Fehlerquellen bei der Bildfusion vermieden werden können.
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  • 130
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Lung lobectomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Left ventricular geometry ; Mediastinum ; Diaphragm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The thoracic cage after a lung resection is filled by the remaining lobes, the elevated diaphragm, the diminished thoracic cage, and by mediastinal shifting. The changes in the thorax after a lung resection were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. The study group consisted of 39 patients who had undergone a lobectomy, four who had undergone a pneumonectomy, and 14 controls. The left ventricular angle, ascending aortic angle, mediastinal shift, longitudinal length of the thoracic cage, the distance between the thoracic apex and the level of the aortic valve, and diaphragmatic elevation were all measured. After a right lower lobectomy, the mediastinum shifted more rightward than after a right upper lobectomy. The diaphragm became more greatly elevated after a right upper lobectomy than after a right lower lobectomy. When a chest wall resection was added to a right upper lobectomy, the mediastinal anatomical changes decreased. After a left upper lobectomy, the degree of mediastinal shifting was greater than after a left lower lobectomy. A left upper lobectomy shifted the mediastinum at the level of the right atrium. This method is easily reproducible and was found to be effective for quantifying the changes in the thorax after a lung resection.
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S270 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter ; Röntgendiagnostik ; Panoramaschichtaufnahme ; Strahlenexposition ; Computertomographie ; Kernspintomographie ; Key words ; X-ray diagnostics ; Panoramic X-ray ; Radiation exposure ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary A vital X-ray imaging technique in oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery is the panoramic X-ray. Due to its variety of special projections, including imaging of the transversal level and low exposure to radiation, it is suitable for answering many clinical questions and for diagnostics of various findings. It has become possible to minimize the necessary doses by further development of technology and devices, as well as of X-ray films and by new detection systems, such as sensors or screens. In some clinical cases, the diagnostic deficiencies of conventional imaging techniques make computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging indispensable. Although MR is particularly suitable for soft tissue imaging, it has also become helpful in finding cortical changes by shorter measuring times. In certain cases, e. g., changes to bone metabolism, differentiated methods of nuclear medicine make image-aided analysis of function possible.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Zentrale Aufnahmeart in der Röntgendiagnostik der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie ist die Panoramaschichtaufnahme. Mit ihren zahlreichen Spezialprojektionen einschließlich der Abbildung der Transversalebene ist sie für die Abklärung zahlreicher Fragestellungen mit geringer Strahlenexposition geeignet. Die Verringerung des Dosisbedarfs ist weiterhin durch Fortentwicklungen der Gerätetechnik, der Röntgenfilme und durch neue Detektionssysteme wie z. B. Sensoren oder Speicherfolien möglich geworden. Diagnostische Unzulänglichkeiten der konventionellen Aufnahmearten machen bei zahlreichen klinischen Fragestellungen der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie eine Bildgebung mittels Computertomographie und Kernspintomographie unumgänglich. Obgleich die Kernspintomographie v. a. für die Weichteildiagnostik vorrangig geeignet ist, erlaubt sie mittlerweile, aufgrund der Verkürzung der Messzeiten, auch Veränderungen der Kortikalis abzubilden. Bei bestimmten Fragestellungen, wie z. B. Veränderungen des Knochenmetabolismus, ermöglichen differenzierte nuklearmedizinische Verfahren eine abbildungsunterstützte Funktionsanalyse.
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  • 132
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Neuropsychological ; Cognitive ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lesion load
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Neuropsychological deficits and the relationship to brain pathology were examined in 13 primary progressive (PP) and 12 secondary progressive (SP) multiple sclerosis patients with a similar duration of the progressive phase and comparable physical disability. A battery of neuropsychological tests to assess attention, short-term and working memory was administered to the patients, and their performance was compared to that of 20 healthy controls matched for age and premorbid IQ. Total cerebral lesion load on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was measured in the patients. Both PP and SP patients performed significantly worse than controls in most of the neuropsychological tests. There were only subtle differences between SP and PP on the working memory task although magnetic resonance imaging lesion load was significantly higher in SP than in PP patients. In this exploratory study only subtle differences in cognitive impairment were detected between SP and PP patients matched for physical disability and relevant illness features. The results also suggest that the severity of cognitive impairment cannot be fully explained by the extent of abnormalities detected on conventional T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and that other pathological abnormalities such as in normal-appearing white matter are likely to be involved.
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 252-258 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cerebral venous ¶thrombosis ; Dural sinuses ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Heparin ; Thrombolysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In contrast to arterial stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an infrequent condition which presents with a wide spectrum of signs and with a highly variable mode of onset. The clinician must therefore consider it systematically in all brain syndromes and perform the appropriate neuroimaging investigations: computed tomography (CT) with computed tomography angiography and/or magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance angiography and, if necessary intra-arterial angiography. Once the diagnosis is established, a wide investigation for should be carried out in search of the cause, and treatment started as soon as possible. Treatment is based on the combination of intravenous heparin (followed by oral anticoagulants for 3–6 months), symptomatic treatment (anticonvulsants, analgesics, treatment of increased intracranial pressure) and treatment of the cause. Local thrombolysis is indicated if there is deterioration due to thrombosis extension despite adequate anticoagulation. Diagnosis and treatment of CVT should be considered as an emergency because of the considerable potential for full recovery in this condition.
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 280-285 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Small subcortical ¶infarction ; Large-vessel disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Silent white-matter hyperintensity ; Lacunar infarction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Small subcortical infarctions resulting from large-vessel disease are often observed. It is important to distinguish these from pure lacunar infarction resulting from small-vessel disease because the investigations and examinations differ. We investigated the differences on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between small subcortical ¶“lacunar-like” infarcts resulting from large-vessel disease and pure lacunar infarcts. Thirteen subjects with small lacunar-like infarcts (size 〈 2 cm), resulting from large-vessel disease, ¶and 30 subjects with lacunar infarcts (〈 2 cm), without large-vessel disease were studied. We measured infarction size using a 1.5-T MRI device and evaluated silent subcortical hyperintensity lesions using the modified Scheltens’ score. Large-vessel lesion was confirmed by conventional angiography, duplex carotid scan, and magnetic resonance angiography. There was no difference in the mean age of the two groups. Cerebrovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic complications were also comparable for the two groups. Progressive stroke was more common ¶in the lacunar-like infarction group than in the lacunar infarction group ¶(P = 0.004). Scores for periventricular hyperintensity, white matter hyperintensity, basal ganglia hyperintensity, and total subcortical hyperintensity scores were significantly higher in the lacunar infarction group than in the lacunar-like infarction group. The difference in basal ganglia hyperintensity scores was remarkable (P = 0.001). The enlargement of the perivascular space was also significantly greater in the lacunar infarction group than in the lacunar-like infarction group. These findings seem to reflect differences in the pathogenesis of infarction between the two groups. Silent subcortical hyperintensity lesions and enlargement of perivascular space are useful for between distinguishing small lacunar-like infarct resulting from large-vessel disease and pure lacunar infarction. This may have significant implications for the management of patients with lacunar-sized infarctions. It suggests that the pathogenesis of lacunar-sized infarction is variable.
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 943-948 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Transverse myelitis ; Motor evoked potentials ; Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Electromyography ; Prognosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A systematic evaluation of anterior horn cell, motor and sensory pathways is possible by electromyography (EMG), motor (MEPs) and somatosensory (SEPs) evoked potentials, respectively, which may provide valuable information on acute transverse myelitis (ATM). In a prospective hospital-based study, EMG, MEP and SEP studies were carried out on admission and after 3 months in 39 patients with ATM. All the patients also underwent detailed clinical evaluation, and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 28. Outcome was defined at the end of 3 months as poor, partial or complete recovery on the basis of functional status. Spinal MRI revealed hyperintense signal changes in T2 extending for two segments to the entire spinal cord. Central motor conduction time to tibialis anterior (CMCT-TA) was more frequently abnormal (90%), followed by tibial SEP (77%). CMCT to abductor digiti minimi (ADM) was abnormal in 30% and median SEP in 15% of patients. Evidence of denervation on EMG was present in 51% of patients. The CMCT-TA improved in 48% patients and tibial SEP in 32%. Median SEP improved in all patients, and CMCT-ADM remained prolonged in two. At 3 months 2 patients had died, and 18 had poor, 10 partial and 9 complete recovery. CMCT was correlated with miscle power, tone, reflec and MRI changes. Patients' outcome of was correlated with CMCT, SEP and EMG. These results are consistent with pronounced involvement of dorsal region of spinal cord in ATM. MEP is more frequently abnormal than SEP.
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  • 136
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Fatigue ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Motor evoked potentials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fatique is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) even in the early phases of the disease, when neurological disability is usually still not present. To investigate the pathophysiology of fatigue we compared neurophysiological (motor evoked potentials of the four limbs, MEPs) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in two groups of nondisabled MS patients, those with (n=15) and those without (n=15) fatigue. Fatigue was assessed by an interview and scored by the Fatigue Severity Scale. The two groups were matched for sex, age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, pyramidal Functional System (FS) score, and depression score. MEPs were abnormal in five patients with fatigue and in one patient without fatigue. A significant association was found between the patient scores on the Fatigue Severity Scale, and the burden of MRI lesions (r=0.5; P〈0.005). Significantly higher parietal lobe (P〈0.05), internal capsule (P〈0.05), and periventricular trigone (P〈0.05) lesion loads were found in patients with fatigue than in those without. Our results agree with a central nervous system origin of fatigue in MS patients. This symptom might be a consequence either of a functional deafferentation of the cortex due to cortico-subcortical interconnection damage or of a demyelination in critical sites of the CNS, such as the cortico-spinal tract.
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  • 137
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Leukoaraiosis ; Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Carotid artery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cerebral white matter lesions are frequently observed on magnetic resonance imaging of elderly, nondemented persons. There is evidence that white matter lesions are involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive decline and dementia. White matter lesions can be divided into those in the periventricular and those in the subcortical region. Pathological and epidemiological studies suggest that atherosclerosis is involved in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Our study reports on the association between atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries and white matter lesions in a population-based study among 1077 elderly subjects. We randomly sampled 1077 subjects aged between 60–90 years from two prospective population-based studies. All subjects underwent ultrasonography of the carotid artery. In addition, 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging was performed; white matter lesions in the subcortical and periventricular regions were rated separately. With increasing number of plaques in the carotid artery the severity of periventricular white matter lesions increased (P trend = 0.03), but not the severity of subcortical white matter lesions (P trend = 0.19). In addition, an increase in intima media thickness was borderline significantly associated with an increased severity of periventricular white matter lesions (P trend = 0.09), but not of subcortical white matter lesions (P trend = 0.68). These findings suggest that partly dissimilar pathogenetic mechanisms are involved in the etiology of periventricular and subcortical white matter lesions.
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  • 138
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Sarcoidosis ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corticosteroid therapy ; Prognosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Spinal cord sarcoidosis is a rare disorder whose natural history and therapeutic outcome are not fully known. We examined four patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis both clinically and radiologically, particularly in relation to corticosteroid treatment. The initial manifestation was cervical myelopathy in three and uveitis in one. All four patients progressed slowly until corticosteroid therapy was initiated. The cervial spine was involved in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed spinal cord swelling with T2-weighted high intensity and linear leptomeningeal and patchy or diffuse intramedullary enhancement with gadolinium diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid. With corticosteroid therapy, dramatic improvement was seen on MRI, including disappearance or marked reduction of swelling and enhancement. Plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were also markedly improved. In contrast, the clinical symptoms were little improved in one patient, unchanged in two, and rather worsened in one patient. Recurrence was seen on MRI at the maintenance dose in all four patients, without any dramatic change in clinical manifestation. MRI findings and plasma ACE are well correlated with active leasion of the spinal cord sarcoidosis, providing a useful marker for recurrence, but do not parallel the clinical manifestations.
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 250 (2000), S. 76-78 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Septum pellucidum ; Developmental ¶disorder ; Schizophrenia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cavum veli interpositi ; Cavum septi pellucidi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The case of monocygotic twins discordant for a psychotic disorder is presented. An anomaly of the septum pellucidum, a so-called cavum veli interpositi was found in the psychotic twin while his brother showed no such anomaly. Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of septum pellucidum anomalies in schizophrenic patients. Abnormalities of the septum pellucidum may be associated with disturbed neuronal development in distinct limbic brain areas which cannot yet be visualized yet by brain imaging techniques. The finding of the cavum veli interpositi in the psychotic twin could be incidental; however, it may indicate a dysgenic process in early brain development and, thus, play a significant role in the etiology of psychosis.
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 24-26 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Pharyngeal neoplasms ; Rhabdomyoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Adult rhabdomyomas of the head and neck are uncommon benign skeletal muscle tumors. Only a few cases occurring in the pharyngeal wall have been described in the world literature. We present a case of recurrent bilateral rhabdomyomas in the pharynx and discuss the clinicopathological features of this lesion, comparing it to those of other neoplasms from which it must be differentiated. To our knowledge, bilaterality of this type of lesion has not been described previously. Although adult rhabdomyomas have a distinct histology, they often are mistaken for a variety of other lesions, particularly granular cell tumor.
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Modern rheumatology 10 (2000), S. 150-154 
    ISSN: 1439-7609
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Extensibility ; Supraspinatus muscle ; Tendon fiber ; Rotator cuff tear ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An estimate of the extensibility of the supraspinatus muscle after a rotator cuff tear is useful in selecting the most appropriate operative procedure and the prognosis after surgery. We studied the relationship between the morphological findings of the supraspinatus muscle on magnetic resonance imaging and its elongation length. Twenty-one shoulders of 20 patients with massive rotator cuff tears were scanned parallel to the long axis of the supraspinatus muscle. The ratio of the largest width of the supraspinatus muscle belly to the distance from the greater tuberosity to the proximal end of the supraspinatus muscle was termed the supraspinatus muscle belly ratio. The appearance of linear bands and the degree of retraction of the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle were analyzed. The extensibility of the supraspinatus muscle decreased when the degree of retracted tendon was high, while no correlation was found with the length of the rotator cuff defect, the supraspinatus muscle belly ratio, or the appearance of linear bands.
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  • 142
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Schlagwort(e): Heart ; Left ventricle ; LV contractility ; ESPVR ; Pig ; Rat ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The end systolic pressure–volume relation (ESPVR) has been shown to be a relatively load independent measure of left ventricular (LV) contractility. Recently, several single-beat ESPVR computation methods have been developed, enabling the quantification of LV contractility without the need to alter vascular loading conditions on the heart. Using a single-beat ESPVR method, which has been validated previously in humans and assumes that normalized elastance is constant between individuals of a species, we studied the effects of myocardial infarction on LV contractility in two species, the rat and the pig. In our studies, LV pressure was acquired invasively and LV volume determined noninvasively with magnetic resonance imaging, at one week postinfarction in pigs and at 12 weeks postinfarction in rats. Normalized systolic elastance curves in both animal species were not statistically different from that of humans. Also, the slope of the ESPVR $$\left( {E_{es} } \right)$$ decreased significantly following infarction in both species, while the volume-axis intercept $$\left( {V_0 } \right)$$ was unaffected. These results indicate that a single-beat ESPVR method can be used to measure the inotropic response of the heart to myocardial infarction, and that the basis for this method (i.e., constant normalized elastance) is applicable to a variety of mammalian species. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8719Uv, 8761Lh, 8719Hh, 8719Rr, 8719Ff
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 28 (2000), S. 934-944 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Diffusion imaging ; Fiber orientation ; Ventricular geometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract An imaging method for the rapid reconstruction of fiber orientation throughout the cardiac ventricles is described. In this method, gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady-state (GRASS) imaging is used to measure ventricular geometry in formaldehyde-fixed hearts at high spatial resolution. Diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) is then used to estimate fiber orientation as the principle eigenvector of the diffusion tensor measured at each image voxel in these same hearts. DTMRI-based estimates of fiber orientation in formaldehyde-fixed tissue are shown to agree closely with those measured using histological techniques, and evidence is presented suggesting that diffusion tensor tertiary eigenvectors may specify the orientation of ventricular laminar sheets. Using a semiautomated software tool called HEARTWORKS, a set of smooth contours approximating the epicardial and endocardial boundaries in each GRASS short-axis section are estimated. These contours are then interconnected to form a volumetric model of the cardiac ventricles. DTMRI-based estimates of fiber orientation are interpolated into these volumetric models, yielding reconstructions of cardiac ventricular fiber orientation based on at least an order of magnitude more sampling points than can be obtained using manual reconstruction methods. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8761-c, 8757Gg
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 120 (2000), S. 349-351 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Glenoid dysplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Multidirectional shoulder dislocation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Glenoid dysplasia is a rare abnormality of the shoulder. We report glenoid dysplasia in two consecutive generations: a boy and his father. Both suffered recurrent shoulder dislocations, and radiological examination revealed bilateral glenoid dysplasia. Our cases confirm dominant inheritance of this osseous malformation.
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  • 145
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Spondylodiscitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Diagnostic algorithm ; Therapeutic algorithm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fifty-nine patients with spondylodiscitis (SD) of the thoracic and/or lumbar spine were followed-up clinically and radiologically [X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] over a mean time of 2.2 years (1–6.5 years). All patients without abscess formation (n = 35) were treated conservatively. Out of the group with abscess formation (n = 24) 6 patients were also treated conservatively, 11 were drained under CT control and 7 were operated. At time of diagnosis, “signs of florid inflammation” were seen in 60% of the roentgenograms, in 93% of the CTs and in all of the MRIs. The sensitivity to differentiate between SD with and without abscess formation was 85% by MRI and 69% by CT. “Signs of regressive inflammation” and “signs of increasing osseous consolidation”, essential facts for starting remobilization, could first be seen using CT 6 weeks after onset of therapy. Using MRI these signs were seen with a considerable delay at 12 weeks. Clinically, only 3 of the 59 analyzed patients developed recurrent SD. In conclusion, MRI is the radiological method of choice for establishing the diagnosis of SD, in particular with regard to differentiating between cases with and without abscess formations. In contrast, CT is superior for performing success control after treatment. Therapeutically, conservative, minimal-invasive and operative procedures are not rival but rather complementary.
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  • 146
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Osteonecrosis ; Bone marrow edema ; Knee ; High tibial osteotomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Sportwissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Symptoms in patients suffering from spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) may be reduced by high tibial osteotomy (HTO). However, the fate of the necrotic lesion is unknown and needs further investigation. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes after operative and nonoperative treatment. Ten consecutive patients suffering from SONK of the medial compartment were given two treatment options: either HTO (n = 6) or conservative treatment with partial weight bearing for 3 months (n = 4). We measured the greatest extent of well-defined subchondral low signal intensity abnormality, considered to represent necrosis, and the surrounding area of intermediate signal intensity, considered to represent perifocal bone marrow edema, on T1-weighted coronal MRI images before and after treatment. The MRI follow-up period was 17.5 months (range 12–¶27) in the HTO group and 14.5 months (range 8–25) in the nonoperative group. At follow-up the MRI evaluation revealed a decrease in the low signal intense areas (necrosis) in five of the six patients in the HTO group. Only one of the four nonoperative patients showed a decrease in the low signal intense area. The intermediate intense areas (edema) decreased in all patients in the HTO group and in three of four in the nonoperative group. The mean decrease in the area of perifocal edema was significantly greater in the HTO group than in the nonoperative group (P = 0.019). No statistically significant difference was found for the area of necrosis between the two groups (P = 0.171). A clinical improvement was observed in all patients of the HTO group but in only two of the four patients of the nonoperative group. We conclude that the decrease in perifocal bone marrow edema seems to be associated with improved patient comfort. The MRI appearance of the necrotic lesion does not alter with either treatment mode.
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  • 147
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Human ; Muscle function ; Physiological cross-sectional area ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of recruitment on the relationship between peak torque and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) in human muscle. A group of 11 healthy men participated in this study. Isokinetic knee extension torques at seven (0, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300° · s−1) velocities were determined. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to calculate PCSA of right quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle. Exercise-induced contrast shifts in spin-spin relaxation time (T2)-weighted MRI were taken at rest and immediately after repetitive knee-extension exercise and T2 of QF were calculated. The MRI pixels with T2 values more than 1 SD greater than the means at rest were considered to represent QF muscle that had contracted. The area of activated PCSA within the total in QF was expressed as percentage activated PCSA and used as an index of muscle recruitment. The PCSA correlated with peak torque at 0° · s−1 (r=0.615, P 〈 0.05); in contrast, activated PCSA correlated with peak torque at 120° · s−1 (r=0.603, P 〈 0.05) and 180° · s−1 (r=0.606, P 〈 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in correlation coefficients between the activated PCSA-peak torque relationship and the PCSA-torque relationship (P 〈 0.05). These results suggested that muscle recruitment affects the PCSA-torque relationship.
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 82 (2000), S. 391-396 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words B-mode ultrasound ; Bioelectrical impedance ; Data acquisition system ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the validity of bioelectrical impedance and ultrasonographic methods for predicting the muscle volume of the upper arm. Bioelectrical impedance of the right upper arm and the thickness of elbow flexor and extensor muscles were measured from 26 healthy young adult men using a specially designed bioelectrical impedance data acquisition system and brightness-mode ultrasound apparatus, respectively. As reference data, the muscle volume (MVMRI) of the right upper arm was determined using a magnetic resonance imaging method. The impedance index was calculated as L 2/Z, where L is the upper arm length and Z is the impedance of the shoulder to the elbow. The muscle volume (MVULT) was calculated as π·(d/2)2·L, where d is muscle thickness. L 2/Z and MVULT were significantly correlated with MVMRI with correlation coefficients of 0.971 and 0.962, respectively. In these relationships, the standard errors of estimation were 44.2 cm3 (6.3%) for L 2/Z and 50.7 cm3 (7.2%) for MVULT. There was no significant difference between the absolute errors of muscle volumes estimated by L 2/Z and MVULT: 36.2 (4.8, SEM) cm3 for L 2/Z versus 40.3 (5.8) cm3 for MVULT. The present results suggest that both bioelectrical impedance and ultrasonographic methods may be useful for predicting the muscle volume of the upper arm.
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 21 (2000), S. 103-108 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsL-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Leukodystrophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare inborn error of metabolism, marked by a large and persistent increase of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We present clinical, biochemical and neuroradiological findings of seven Italian patients aged 4–19 years presenting at different stages of the disease. The disorder was characterized by a progressive neurological syndrome with cerebellar and pyramidal signs, mental deterioration, epilepsy and subcortical leukoencephalopathy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We observed a good correlation between the severity of the disease and the extent of lesions on MRI. We report the result of the first positive prenatal diagnosis.
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 21 (2000), S. S865 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Optic neuritis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; CSF examination ; Oligoclonal bands ; Evoked potentials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We evaluated the risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) after acute isolated optic neuritis in 102 patients in a follow-up study (duration 6.5±2.0 years). The probability of CDMS was 13% after 2 years, 30% after 4 years, 38% after 6 years, and 49% after 8 and 10 years. CDMS occurred in 42 (59%) of 71 patients with brain lesions detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No patient with normal MRI exam developed the disease. Patients with 3 or more MRI-detected lesions presented a shorter first interattack interval and a higher relapse rate compared to subjects with only 1 or 2 lesions. The predictive value of CSF examination and of evoked potentials was poor.
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 21 (2000), S. S877 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetization transfer imaging ; Diffusion-weighted imaging.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has markedly increased our ability to detect the macroscopic abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetization transfer imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging have the potential to provide relevant and complementary information on the structural changes occurring within and outside these lesions and are contributing significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms leading to the accumulation of irreversible neurological disability in MS patients. These present review will summarize the major results achieved with the application of these two MR techniques to the assessment of the evolution of MS.
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Brain tumor pathology 17 (2000), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 1861-387X
    Schlagwort(e): Intracranial plasma cell granuloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Plasma cell granulomas (PCGs) are benign, inflammatory masses of unknown etiology composed of polyclonal mature plasma and lymphoid cells. The lung is their most common location, and occurrence within the cranial cavity is extremely rare. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with seizures and was diagnosed as having a dural-based right frontal tumor that extended toward the sagittal sinus and the falx. The lesion was totally excised, together with the abnormal dura. A limited cortical excision was also performed using electrocorticographic guidance. Histopathologic diagnosis of intracranial plasma cell granuloma was reached after extensive immunohistochemical tests and electron microscopy. This is the third case of PCG with description of changes in the neighboring cerebral tissue. Although PCGs are well-circumscribed lesions, lymphoplasmocytic inflammation, neuronal loss, and reactive gliosis occur within the adjacent cortex. Disturbed cortical lamination, as we have observed, appears to be a histological finding that has not been described previously.
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Herz 25 (2000), S. 384-391 
    ISSN: 1615-6692
    Schlagwort(e): Key Words Cardiomyopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Schlüsselwörter Kardiomyopathie ; Magnetresonanztomographie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die kardiale Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) bietet als nichtinvasives Verfahren die Möglichkeit, innerhalb einer Untersuchung die für die verschiedenen Formen der Kardiomyopathien charakteristischen funktionellen und morphologischen Veränderungen darzustellen. In dieser Übersicht werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der MRT bei den verschiedenen Formen dieser Erkrankung diskutiert. Die geringe Variabilität der MRT-Messungen gestattet ge-naue Verlaufskontrollen im klinischen Alltag, eröffnet aber auch die Möglichkeit, Therapiestudien mit einer geringeren Anzahl von einzuschließenden Patienten zu sicheren Ergebnissen zu führen. Damit erweitert sich das Spektrum der Indikationen über die Präzisierung unklarer Befunde hinaus auf die Verlaufsbeobachtung während einer pharmakologischen Intervention und auf alle wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen. Der Vorzug der MRT, nichtinvasiv Gewebe charakterisieren zu können, verdeutlicht das Potential dieser Technik bei sekundären Kardiomyopathien sowie bei entzündlichen und infiltrativen Formen myokardialer Erkrankungen.
    Notizen: Abstract Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive tool which is able to diagnose and differentiate cardiomyopathies in a single study. The assessment of essential information such as alterations of myocardial and ventricular geometry and function is possible with a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility, based on a small inter- and intraobserver variability. Thus, very small morphological and functional changes in different types of cardiomyopathy are detectable, thereby enabling the cardiologist to increase the safety of therapeutic decisions. Furthermore, MRI bears the potential to characterize tissue transformation in the different types of myocardial affections including ischemic, toxic, infiltrative or inflammatory forms.
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 15 (2000), S. 44-45 
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Pericardial hydatid cyst ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 155
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Three-dimensional echocardiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Left ventricular volume ; Stereology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of bias with coaxial three-dimensional echocardiography in an experimental animal setup and to establish the minimum number of sections needed for estimation of left ventricular (LV) volume. Epicardial coaxial echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure LV volume in 14 pigs, with chronic remodeled left ventricles induced by repeated intracoronary microembolizations. In addition, six animals underwent serial MRI at baseline, immediately after intracoronary microembolization, and after 119–165 days (mean 129 days). Coaxial echocardiography was performed by rotational acquisition of long-axis sections starting from an arbitrary angle. Planimetered MRI contours of LV endocardial borders were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the number of coaxial sections, and the precision of volume estimates. The mean ± 2SD of the differences between coaxial epicardial echocardiography with six sections and MRI were −2.5 ± 16.4 ml, 0.8 ± 13. 1 ml, and 2% ± 14% for end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF), respectively. Numerical analysis conducted on MRI contours of LV endocardial borders showed that with six coaxial sections the average coeffi-cient of error was 〈1% for the EDV and ESV. Three-dimensional echocardiography with six coaxial sections provides unbiased LV volume estimation with minimal geometric error.
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 16 (2000), S. 216-218 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Macrodystrophia lipomatosa ; Fibrolipomatous hamartoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Median nerve
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare disease typically causing localized gigantism and is often associated with a fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FH) of the median or plantar nerve. A previously unreported case of MDL with associated FH of the median nerve is presented.
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 23 (2000), S. 98-103 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lateral ventricle ; Subependymoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Four subependymomas of the lateral ventricle were reviewed with regard to clinical presentation, neuroimaging features, treatment, histopathological features, and long-term follow-up. There were two male and two female patients ranging in age from 27 to 60 years (mean 48.3 years). While two patients presented with symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure, two others were found incidentally during neuroimaging investigations to have intraventricular tumors. Neuroimaging characteristics of these tumors included no paraventricular extension, iso- or hypodensity with minimal enhancement on computerized tomography (CT), or iso- or hypointensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). The usual finding on MRI was of no or scarce contrast enhancement, but one case showed heterogeneous enhancement. Three patients underwent total resection of the tumor and one underwent partial resection. No patients received postoperative radiation therapy. All patients have been doing well 4.8 to 15.4 years (mean 8.8 years), after surgery. Although there are no absolutely specific features to distinguish these tumors from other intraventricular tumors preoperatively, subependymoma should be kept in mind for differential diagnosis, as this tumor may safely be removed without sacrificing contiguous normal tissue and with good long-term results.
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  • 158
    ISSN: 1615-6692
    Schlagwort(e): Key Words Right ventricle ; Arrhythmias ; Left bundle branch block ; Dysplasia ; Fatty infiltration ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Schlüsselwörter Rechter Ventrikel ; Arrhythmien ; Linksschenkelblock ; Dysplasie ; Fettige Degeneration ; Kernspintomographie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die arrhythogene rechtsventrikuläre Dysplasie (ARVD), eine Herzmuskelerkrankung unlarer Ätiologie, ist pathologisch durch fettige Degeneration des rechtsventrikulären Myokards gekennzeichnet. Die klinischen Symptome umfassen strukturelle und funktionelle Malformationen des rechten Ventrikels, krankhafte elektrokardiographische Befunde und das Auftreten ventrikulärer Tachykardien mit Linksschenkelblock oder plötzlichem Herztod. Die Krankheit tritt familiär gehäft auf und wird autosomal vererbt. Neben der rechtsventrikulären Dilatation stellen rechtsventrikuläre Aneurysmen typische Fehlbildungen bei ARVD dar. Sie sind im so genannten “Dysplasiedreieck”, das heißt rechtem ventrikulärem Ausflusstrakt, Herzspitze und Infundibulum, verteilt. Dort lokalisierte ventrikuläre Aneurysmen können als pathognomonisch für die ARVD angesehen werden. Ein weiteres typisches Merkmal der ARVD ist die fettige Degeneration der freien rechten Ventrikelwand. Diese funktionellen und strukturellen Charakteristika sind bei der klinischen Untersuchung mit bildgebenden Verfahren wie Kontrastangiographie, Echokardiographie, Radionuklidangiographie, ultraschneller Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) von Bedeutung. Unter diesen Verfahren erlaubt die MRT die deutlichste Darstellung des Herzens, insbesondere bei Beteiligung des rechten Ventrikels, der sich mit den anderen bildgebenden Methoden in der Regel schwerer untersuchen lässt. Darüber hinaus bietet die MRT den wesentlichen Vorteil der Darstellung der fettigen Degeneration als helles Signal im rechtsventrikulären Myokard. Die MRT liefert die wichtigsten anatomischen, funktionellen und morphologischen Kriterien zur Diagnose einer ARVD in einem einzigen Untersuchungsgang. Daher scheint sie das beste bildgebende Verfahren zur Identifizierung und Nachsorge von Patienten mit klinischem Verdacht auf ARVD zu sein.
    Notizen: Abstract Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a heart muscle disorder of unknown cause that is characterized pathologically by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium. Clinical manifestations include structural and functional malformations of the right ventricle, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and presentation with ventricular tachycardias with left bundle branch pattern or sudden death. The disease is often familial with an autosomal inheritance. In addition to right ventricular dilatation, right ventricular aneurysms are typical deformities of ARVD and they are distributed in the so-called “triangle of dysplasia”, i. e., right ventricular outflow tract, apex, and infundibulum. Ventricular aneurysms at these sites can be considered pathognomonic of ARVD. Another typical hallmark of ARVD is fibrofatty infiltration of the right ventricular free wall. These functional and morphologic characteristics are relevant to clinical imaging investigations such as contrast angiography, echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, ultrafast computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Among these techniques, MRI allows the clearest visualization of the heart, in particular because the right ventricle is involved, which is usually more difficult to explore with the other imaging modalities. Furthermore, MRI offers the specific advantage of visualizing adipose infiltration as a bright signal of the right ventricular myocardium. MRI provides the most important anatomic, functional, and morphologic criteria for diagnosis of ARVD within one single study. As a result, MRI appears to be the optimal imaging technique for detecting and following patients with clinical suspicion of ARVD.
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929) 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 102-108 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Das Atomgewicht des Kaliums bildete den Gegenstand einer Reihe moderner Untersuchungen, die im Laufe der letzten 25 Jahre ausgeführt worden sind und deren Ergebnisse wir in den folgenden Tabellen zusammengestellt haben.
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 17-41 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 71-85 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 178 (1929), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 137-144 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 167
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Das einfache Molybdat und Wolframat des Lithiums kristallisiert aus wäßriger Lösung und aus der Schmelze wasserfrei in Kristallen, die der trigonalen Symmetrieklasse angehören.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 178 (1929), S. 49-72 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: (a) Eine Reihe von Methylderivaten des Phenolphthaleins wurden dargestellt; ihre Grenzkurven wurden aufgenommen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 178 (1929), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 178 (1929), S. 353-365 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1. Die von Fredenhagen und Cadenbach angewandten Untersuchungsmethoden wurden verbessert(a)durch Anwendung eines Temperaturreglers,(b)durch Abschmelzen der Versuchsrohre innerhalb des Ofens,(c)durch Anwendung einer genaueren Kaliumbestimmungsart.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 178 (1929), S. 411-412 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 49-76 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 161-185 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 211-214 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 193-210 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die Zusammensetzung einer chemischen Verbindung I, die als selbständige Phase I im Gemisch mit einer anderen, chemisch nicht einheitlichen Phase II vorliegt, läßt sich, wenn die Zahl der Komponenten mindestens 3 beträgt, indirekt bestimmen durch die Analyse der Phase II sowie eines beliebigen Gemisches von I und II. Da von dem analysierten Gemisch nach Wegnahme der darin enthaltenen Phase II die reine Phase I übrig bliebe, so müssen die in diesem Gemisch auf die Verbindung I entfallenden Anteile der einzelnen Komponenten darstellbar sein als Differenzen zwischen den im Gemisch und den in einem, zunächst noch unbekannten, Quantum der Phase II enthaltenen Mengen (g-Atomen bzw.-Molekülen) der betr. Bestandteile. Diese für die einzelnen Komponenten erhaltenen Differenzen müssen aber außerdem zueinander in einem ganzzahligen Verhältnis stehen, wenn sie wirklich der Zusammensetzung eines chemischen Individuums entsprechen sollen. Durch Auswertung dieser Beziehungen erhält man ein System von diophantischen Gleichungen, für die eine einfache geometrische Lösung gezeigt wird. Die Anwendung der Methode wird an einigen Beispielen erläutert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 287-292 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 77-88 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1. Es wurde die Dichte, die innere Reibung und die Dielektrizitätskonstante der flüssigen Blausäure und zugleich der Gang ihrer Temperaturabhängigkeiten in dem Intervall zwischen Schmelz- und Siedepunkt festgelegt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 186-192 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 215-232 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1. Es wurden Adsorptions-Isothermen von Kohlendioxyd an Kieselsäuregel in einem Temperaturintervall von -21,2° bis 100°C und in einem Druckbereich von 0,1-760 mm Hg aufgenommen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 267-276 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1. Durch geeignete Leitung des Abkühlungsvorganges lassen sich in Hydrogelen von Na-Oleat bei verschiedenen Konzentrationen auszählbare Kristallisationskerne erzeugen. Die Kernzahl dieser relativ verdünnten binären Systeme (0, 43 n bis 0,6 n) hängt von der Tiefe und Dauer der Unterkühlung in analoger Weise ab, wie bei monomeren Schmelzen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 281-286 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 180 (1929), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 180 (1929), S. 42-56 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die isomeren Sulfate des Rhodiums wurden rein dargestellt, untersucht und ihre Analogie mit den entsprechenden Verbindungen des Chroms diskutiert. Bisher gelang es zwei Rhodiumsulfate zu erhalten, ein gelbes und ein rotes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 357-368 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1. Die Literaturangaben über die Verbindung K3[Rh(CN)6] wurden nachgeprüft und einige Widersprüche und Unrichtigkeiten geklärt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 379-412 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Es wird gezeigt, daß in einem System HNO3—HNO2 gleich nach der Herstellung der wäßrigen Lösung die darin befindliche Salpetersäure einen Oxydationswert gegen Sn‥-Ionen erlangt. Dieser Oxydationswert nimmt allmählich bis auf Null ab.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 179 (1929), S. 413-417 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Durch isobaren Abbau dreier verschiedener Typen des Chromsulfates wird gezeigt, daß1vom violetten Chromsulfat nur ein 18-, 9-, 3- und 0-Hydrat,2vom grünen, kristallisierten Chromsulfat wahrscheinlich ein 6- und ein 0-Hydrat existiert,3im grünen, amorphen Chromsulfat das Wasser zeolithisch gebunden ist.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 180 (1929), S. 19-41 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1. Bezüglich der verschiedenen Formen des ZrO2 wird durch Verwendung von Spezialröntgenkameras festgestellt, daß das handelsübliche, bei 1200° C vorgeglühte Oxyd bei etwa 1000° C einen reversiblen Modifikationswechsel von monokliner Symmetrie in tetragonale durchmacht.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 180 (1929), S. 105-109 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 180 (1929), S. 370-373 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929) 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 65-77 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 103-110 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 137-153 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In den Kapiteln 1-3 ist gezeigt worden, daß einzelne Zweige der Schmelzkurven der binären Systeme der Gleichung S = xe-a/T nur in dem Falle genügen, daß die Größen Q, die nach der SCHRÖDER- schen Formel berechnet sind, nicht allzusehr von der tatsächlichen Schmelzwärme der kristallisierenden Komponente abweichen. Die veränderlichen Werte der Größen Q und deren bedeutende Abweichung von der tatsächlichen Schmelzwärme können durch das Auftreten von chemischer Wechselwirkung zwischen den Komponenten beim Zusammenschmelzen derselben erklärt werden. Die logarithmische Darstellungsmethode der Zweige der Schmelzkurven (log S, 1/T) erlaubt uns Schlusse über die Natur der Wechselwirkung zwischen den Komponenten zu ziehen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 159-171 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Wirkt Kohlensäure unter hohem Kohlendioxyddruck auf metallisches Eisen ein, welches in Wasser suspendiert ist, dann tritt Lösung des Eisens ein zu dem leichtlöslichen Ferrobicarbonat. Bei 50 Atmosphären Kohlendioxyddruck werden in kürzerer Zeit viel höhere Bicarbonatkonzentrationen erreicht als bei Atmosphärendruck in sehr langer Zeit. Je mehr Eisen sich löst, desto größer wird die Bicarbonationenkonzentration. Dadurch wird aber die Wasserstoffionenkonzentration der Kohlensäure selbst so stark zurückgedrängt, daß nach genügend langer Einwirkungsdauer die Geschwindigkeit der Auflösung so klein wird, daß bei weiterer Einwirkung der Kohlensäure die Bicarbonatkonzentration praktisch konstant bleibt. Da die Kohlensäurekonzentration mit steigender Temperatur sinkt, wird bei höherer Temperatur jene Wasserstoffionenkonzentration, bei der die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit sehr klein wird, bereits bei kleineren Bicarbonatkonzentrationen erreicht. Da die Kohlensäurekonzentration bei Erniedrigung des Druckes sinkt, so stellt sich bei niederen Drucken jene Endwasserstoffionenkonzentration bereits ebenfalls bei kleineren Bicarbonatkonzentrationen ein. Für jede Temperatur und jeden Druck gibt es eine maximale Ferrobicarbonatkonzentration, die bei sehr langer Einwirkungsdauer nur noch urn sehr wenig ansteigt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die potentiometrische Titration von Ferrocyanid mit Cerisulfat und umgekehrt liefert ein genaues Resultat. Letzteres ist besonders zur Titerstellung von Cerisulfatlösung geeignet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 225-236 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Es wird die von O. RUFF seinerzeit zur Messung von Dampfdrucken bzw. Siedepunkten vorgeschlagene Spiralmethode auf binäre hochsiedende Systeme übertragen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 249-279 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: No Abstracts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 295-297 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: No Abstracts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 181 (1929), S. 337-346 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: No Abstracts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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