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  • 1980-1984  (60)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat of fusion and lamellar structure of polyethylene single crystal mats (1982)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 564-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: lin. Polyethylene ; Single crystals ; Heat of Fusion ; DSC ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently published results for solution crystallized PE single crystals have shown, that the experimental heat of fusionΔH * is higher, if the solvent is exchanged to silicon oil (oil suspension samples) as compared with dried mats. This has been interpreted by the collapse of the original hollow pyramids during drying, inducing lateral defects within the lamellae. The present investigation does not confirm this unexpected result.ΔH * of dried mats (T c 66 to 91 °C) and of the corresponding oil suspension samples agree within the rather small limits of experimental error. The crystallinities as derived fromΔH *, density or WAXS are in excellent agreement. SEM micrographs of cold fractured dried mats show their spongy macromorphology, but TEM micrographs of stained ultra-thin sections reveal the lamellar morphology of the walls, consisting of curved lamellae and stacked hollow pyramides. If a dried mat is sintered at room temperature, a dense transparent film is obtained with a rather regular stacked morphology of large flat lamellae.ΔH * of these films agrees with that of the original mat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422587
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular transport in the spiral prominence (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Prominentia spiralis cochleae ; Meerrettichperoxidase ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Inner ear spiral prominence ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Transport of macromolecules in the spiral prominence of the guinea pig was studied after perilymphatic and intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection. HRP was taken up by the spiral prominence epithelium from the perilymphatic space and in a much higher degree from the endolymphatic space. A highly endocytic ativity was shown by the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. HRP particles were stored in the cytoplasm within vesicles and vacuoles of different sizes and different contrasts. The mode of tracer storage in the spiral prominence epithelium and in the stroma cells from the morphological point of view suggests lysosomal digestion. HRP was transported from the perilymphatic space into the spiral prominence vessel lumen by means of vesicular transport through the vessel wall, while transport of the tracer from the vessel lumen into the perilymphatic space after intravenous injection was not observed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach perilymphatischer und intravenöser Applikation von Meerrettichperoxidase wurde der Transport des Makromoleküls in der Prominentia spiralis des Meerschweinchens verfolgt. Die Tracer-Partikelchen wurden aus dem perilymphatischen Raum und vornehmlich jedoch aus dem Ductus cochlearis in das Oberflächenepithel der Prominentia spiralis aufgenommen. Die das Vas prominens umgebenden Stromazellen nahmen relativ viel Meerrettichperoxidase auf, die im Zytoplasma in unterschiedlich großen und unterschiedlich kontrastreichen Vesikeln und Vakuolen abgelagert wurde. Die Art der zytoplasmatischen Ablagerung des Tracers in den Epithelzellen und den Stromazellen spricht vom morphologischen Aspekt her für einen lysosomalen Abbau. Meerrettichperoxidase wurde von der Perilymphe in das Lumen des Vas prominens transportiert. Dieser Transport erfolgte vesikulär durch das Gefäßendothel. Ein Transport des Tracers in umgekehrter Richtung wurde nach intravenöser Applikation nicht beobachtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464056
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde am Bindegewebe von Nervus und Ganglion vestibuli bei Morbus Menière (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Menière's disease ; Vestibular nerve ; Vestibular ganglion ; Pathologic alterations ; Electron microscopy ; Morbus Menière ; Nervus vestibularis ; Ganglion vestibuli ; Pathologische Veränderungen ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vestibularisganglien von 17 Patienten mit einem Morbus Menière wurden nach transtemporaler oder translabyrinthärer Neurektomie elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Als Vergleichsmaterial dienten drei Ganglien, die bei anderer Indikation entnommen wurden und vier postmortale Entnahmen von Ohrgesunden. Bei allen Menière-Präparaten zeigten sich am Bindegewebe gleichartige pathologische Veränderungen von unterschiedlich starkem Ausmaß. Sie bestanden in einer Zunahme des Kollagens, wobei sowohl unterschiedliche Kaliber des Faserquerschnittes als auch Veränderungen der Periodizität der Querstreifung beobachtet wurden. Aktive Fibroblasten und reaktive Schwannsche Zellen, die isoliert lagen, keinem Axon zugeordnet waren und deren z. T. hirschgeweihförmig verzweigte, dünne Zellausläufer Kollagenbündel umhüllten, wurden als Zeichen einer noch ablaufenden Kollagenbildung gedeutet. Die Blutgefäße wiesen häufig eine Vervielfachung der Basalmembran auf, die von einem mehrfach breiteren Saum einer homogenen Matrix umgeben war. Die Perizyten waren oft entweder nekrotisch oder teilweise nicht mehr zu beobachten. Die Endothelzellen wiesen in der Regel kein aktives Zytoplasma auf. Sie erschienen teilweise autolytisch. Die pinozytotische Aktivität erwies sich als auffallend verringert. Diese qualitativen Veränderungen im interstitiellen Gewebe könnten auf ein primär lokales pathologisches Geschehen im Bereich des Nerven und des Ganglions hinweisen.
    Notes: Summary Vestibular ganglia of 17 patients with Menière's disease, obtained by transtemporal or translabyrinthine neurectomy, were studied by electron microscopy. Three ganglia removed because of other disease and four ganglia of normal ears taken post mortem served as controls. The neuronal fibrous tissue of Menière cases showed without exception pathologic changes of various extent. The amount of collagen was increased, whereby different fiber diameters were observed as well as changes in the periodicity of cross banding. Signs of continuing collagen formation were found: active fibroblasts and an increased number of isolated Schwann cells without axons, showing deerhorn-like ramifications which enveloped collagen bundles. The blood vessels were frequently surrounded by multiple basal membranes and broad bands of homogenous matrix. The pericytes were either necrotic or nonexistent. The endothelial cell cytoplasma was usually not in an active state. Sometimes it seemed to be autolytic. The pinocytotic activity was strikingly diminished. These qualitative changes of the interstitial tissue might point to a local pathologic event in the region of the vestibular nerve and ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464059
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chordoid sarcoma (extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma) (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 399 (1982), S. 61-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chordoid sarcoma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evaluation of a series of 12 chordoid sarcomas suggests that there is a wider range of histological features in this entity then previously appreciated. Six of the lesions had a typical tumor cell organization and a mixture of cellular and myxoid stromal components, while the remaining cases were atypical because of a more solid growth pattern. Four of the 12 cases, that included both typically myxoid and more cellular examples, had small foci with hyalinized stroma segragating individual or small groups of tumor cells with and without lacunar spaces. Two atypical cases revealed more extensive and obvious chondrocytic differentiation in recurrent or metastatic lesions and in one of these, the histological pattern was that of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Ultrastructural examination of three cases revealed fine structural features of both the tumor cell population and extracellular matrix compatible with chondrocytic differentiation. Results of light and electron microscopy of this series of chordoid sarcoma add further support for categorizing this tumor with other malignant chondrocytic neoplasms. It is probable that chordoid sarcoma and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma represent the same entity and that this lesion has a close histogenetic relationship to mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenoma of the human pituitary producing growth hormone and thyrotropin (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Electron microscopy ; Growth hormone ; Immunocytology ; Pituitary adenoma ; Thyroid-stimulating hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A pituitary adenoma removed by surgery from a 22-year-old man was studied by histology, immunocytology, transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Clinically, the patient had acromegaly and euthyroidism with elevated blood GH concentrations. Blood TSH and T4 levels were within the normal range. Histologically, the adenoma was chromophobic and exhibited no PAS, lead hematoxylin, aldehyde thionin or Grimelius silver positivity. By the immunoperoxidase technique GH, β-TSH and α-subunit but no PRL, ACTH, α-endorphin, β-FSH or β-LH were demonstrated in the adenoma cells. Electron microscopy revealed adenoma cells which were similar to TSH cells and showed no resemblance to GH cells of nontumorous pituitaries or GH-secreting tumors. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated GH and β-TSH in the secretory granules. It is concluded that pituitary adenomas composed of TSH-like cells may secrete GH, resulting in acromegaly. Production of GH by adenomatous TSH cells cannot be explained on the basis of the one cell- one hormone theory. The question is raised whether bihormonal or multihormonal clones, capable of synthesizing more than one hormone, exist in the human pituitary. These cells are apparently dormant under normal conditions, but in the course of neoplastic transformation may undergo functional dedifferentiation and acquire the ability to produce two or more different hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443484
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelium and “silver lines” (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Permeability ; Electron microscopy ; Electrolytes ; Silver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The significance of endothelial “silver lines” was studied by TEM in rat aortas after perfusion with glutaraldehyde followed by silver nitrate. Standard TEM technique proved unsatisfactory (coarse silver granules, imprecise localization, artefacts). Exposure of the silver-treated aortas to photographic fixer markedly improved the image of the deposits leaving fine, stable, uniform “residual granules” about 100 Å in diameter. Most of these granules were localized along the intercellular junctions; they also tended to pool in the basement membrane beneath each junction. This image suggests that the Ag+ ions pass through the junction, and react with its contents as well as with the basement membrane beyond it. A scheme is proposed to explain the reaction of Ag+ ions with anions and negatively charged radicals within the junction. It is concluded that the “silver lines” represent not only a histochemical effect, but also the visualization of a transendothelial electrolyte pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of human fibrosing alveolitis (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 181-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung disease ; Electron microscopy ; Interstitial pneumonia ; Fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report describes the ultrastructural findings in 37 patients who underwent open lung biopsy which yielded diagnoses of fibrosing alveolitis. A spectrum of lesions are categorized for the capillary endothelium and its basement membrane, the interstitial space and its fibrocellular components, and the alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane. The findings typify the different pulmonary cellular reactions to injury. Evidence for cellular regeneration and death in both epithelial and endothelial cell populations include atypical epithelial cell proliferation, capillary basement membrane multilamination, decrease in capillary lumen size and prominent pericytic ensheathment of pulmonary capillaries. Within the interstitium of the lung, proliferation of collagen and elastic fibers are documented, but in addition, abundant myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells are present. No ultrastructural evidence of immune complex deposition was found in this study. The morphologic findings of fibrosing alveolitis further support the widespread concept that the lung responds to various injuries in a similar manner and undergoes a common reparative response regardless of etiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary sarcoma of the gallbladder (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Primary gallblader sarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six Swedish cases of primary sarcoma of the gallbladder from the period 1958–1973 and 1 case from 1975 were studied by light and electron microscopy. The literature was reviewed for the period after 1970. Ultrastructural features of sarcoma were investigated in order to exclude poorly differentiated carcinoma. One case was considered to be an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, three cases leiomyosarcoma and two were diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. One case, diagnosed as sarcoma of the gallbladder by light microscopy, was omitted because electron microscopical examination revealed a squamous cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrest and extravasation of neoplastic cells (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 73-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human malignant cells ; K-562 cell line ; Vascular arrest ; Endothelial attrition ; Extravasation ; Nude and lasat mice ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological aspects of the arrest and extravasation of malignant cells of human origin (K-562 cell line) in the lungs of athymic (nude) and asplenic-athymic (lasat) mice were studied by electron microscopy examination of serial sections. The specimens were obtained at sequential stages after the sc inoculation into newborn mice of 107 malignant cells. K-562 cells (105) were also injected iv into control groups of nude and lasat mice to assess the influence of the route of inoculation on the in vivo behavior of K-562 cells. Our results demonstrated that K-562 cells were arrested and proliferated within the pulmonary capillaries without the participation of platelets or fibrin. The neoplastic cells extravasated by attrition and penetration of the endothelium (rather than by diapedesis) and continued to proliferate in the interstitial tissue of the lung, developing into neoplastic nodules. Following iv injection, K-562 cells induced the formation of platelet-tumor cell aggregates within the pulmonary capillaries. However, under these conditions, the neoplastic cells did not adhere to the endothelium nor did they proliferate or extravasate. These aggregates were flushed out by the circulation, restoring the permeability of the capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428501
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural and morphometric study of bladder tumours (II) (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Bladder neoplasms ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bladder tissues from 3 groups of patients were examined, using the light and electron microscopes (LM and TEM). One group of patients had a history of well-differentiated papillary transitional cell carcinomas and specimens were taken from cystoscopically normal areas. In a second group frank papillary carcinoma was biopsied. Finally, patients with no history of urothelial tumours and a normal cystoscopic appearance were biopsied during investigations for various benign conditions and these served as controls. In tissues from the first two groups certain differences were seen when these were compared to the controls and the frequency of these was significant. Light microscopic examination of 0.5 μ toluidine blue stained sections revealed an increased number of immature, small dark cells in the superficial layer of the epithelium (P〈0.001). Electron microscopic examination showed that in place of the characteristic asymmetric unit membrane of mature superficial cells, the surface was frequently covered with microvilli and the junctional complexes were often atypical. There was an increased number of abnormalities in the basal lamina (P〈0.001). These features were seen in the absence of cystoscopic and light microscopic changes in three out of eight patients with a history of tumours. It is, therefore, suggested that these are the earliest detectable morphological abnormalities in the pre-neoplastic urothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431388
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of a virilizing ovarian Leydig-cell-tumor (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ovarian tumor ; Hilus cell tumor ; Leydig cell tumor ; Virilism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of virilizing ovarian hilus cell tumor (Leydig-cell tumor) in a 37 year old female was studied by light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructural features of this rare and almost allways benign tumor are compared with those reported in the literature and with findings in normal and neoplastic interstitial cells of the testis. Tubulovesicular hyperplasia and formation of whorl structures of the endoplasmatic reticulum together with the presence of exocytosis vesicles on the cell surface may be the morphological manifestation of endocrine activity of the tumor. The identity of ultrastructural and optical diffraction characteristics of the crystal inclusions in both cells (hilar and testicular interstitial) favours the assumption of an homology of both cells and their neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430890
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial sarcoma arising in an anatomical bursa (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Biphasic synovial sarcoma ; Semitendinosus bursa ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In previous studies, the origin of synovial sarcoma directly from synovium has not been satisfactorily established. This case report describes the light and electron microscopic features of a biphasic synovial sarcoma occurring within the popliteal fossa. At surgery, a cystic mass was identified in relationship to the semitendinosus tendon at the anatomical site of the semitendinosus bursa. The tumour originated from the inner surface of the bursa as multiple papillary projections with no evidence of extension beyond the capsule of the bursa. Portions of the synovial surface were hyperplastic but otherwise normal. The findings indicate that biphasic synovial sarcoma can arise directly from synovium and support the hypothesis of a mesenchymal histogenesis for this tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430896
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor of mesonephric origin in a diverticulum of the urethra (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bladder neoplasm ; Mesonephric origin ; Urethral diverticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a rare tumor arising in a diverticulum of the urethra was studied. Light microscopy revealed the typical structures of mesonephric tumor with obvious infiltration of the muscularis. Electron microscopic appearance indicated that the tumor cells were immature and not totally characteristic of any tissue of origin. Apart from appearances suggesting rapid growth, cellular inclusions of various appearance were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496574
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the ultrastructure of human urothelium: The response of normal bladder of elderly subjects to hyperthermia (1982)
    Springer
    Urological research 10 (1982), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Human ; Bladder urothelium ; Electron microscopy ; Hyperthermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of normal bladder urothelium of elderly subjects treated by hyperthermic perfusions has shown that the tissue responds, sooner or later, in every instance by desquamation. There is no evidence of cell death prior to desquamation although various organelles undergo structural alterations. Mitochondria are especially prone to suffer varying degrees of damage. A short heat shock has revealed differences in the initial response of the thick and thin regions of bladder urothelium known to occur in elderly subjects. After a long, fractionated treatment, regeneration is evident within 3 daysof the end of treatment, and follow-up biopsies have revealed a hyperplastic urothelium within 10 to 12 weeks. The constituent cells show signs of cytodifferentiation at this time but it remains unknown when an ultrastructurally normal urothelium with characteristic cell layers will be restored. The various treatments in this study suggest that the stem cells in the epithelium are unaffected by the levels of hyperthermia employed and that their unimpaired proliferative capacity ensures regeneration of the urothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255928
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS) on muscle end-plates in mice (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle end-plates ; Porphyric neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Motor end-plates were studied in mice at various intervals after a single injection of a synthetic porphyrin, tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS). Ultrastructurally, excess accumulation of neurofilaments constituted the earliest abnormality. These were followed by atrophy of many nerve terminals and their separation from the postsynaptic area by interposed separation from the postsynaptic area by interposed Schwann cells. Five to 8 months after the injection some postsynaptic areas showed denervation and atrophy. These progressive changes in the nerve terminals were accompanied by secondary changes in the subneural apparatus. Morphometric analysis revealed marked atrophy of the end-plates and significant swelling of preterminal axons. The present findings are suggestive of partial denervation of muscle, occurring after the injection of a synthetic porphyrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690636
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-astrocytic glycogen granules and corpora amylacea stain positively for polyglucosans: A cytochemical contribution on the fine structural polymorphism of particulate polysaccharides (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Polyglucosan bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cytochemical procedure for polysaccharides was carried out on a brain biopsy specimen, the thin-section study of which had shown excess glucogen granules and the corpora amylacea variety of polyglucosan bodies. Both granules and amyloid bodies were stained positively in contrast to the remaining structures of the brain tissue which remained unstained. This demonstrates that β-granules as well as filamentous and amorphous components of amyloid bodies are just different aspects of the polysaccharide molecule. Up to now the same kind of cytochemical evidence has been supplied for Lafora bodies of human material and Lafora-like bodies of rat material. The present study on corpora amylacea of human material shows that amyloid. Lafora, and Lafora-like bodies all behave the same way when stained for polysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685376
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spongiform-like changes in Alzheimer's disease (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 146-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Spongiform changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural study of the cortex of four patients with sporadic or familial AD, of two agematched controls without dementia, and of one normal pressure hydrocephalus, revealed in all the cases in the neuropil only occasional vacuoles which had a morphology similar to those observed in CJD. The degree of spongiform-like changes was, however, far less prominent than in CJD and considered mild in all the cases examined. Moreover, curled fragments of membranes within the vacuoles were not observed. It is suggested that the mild vacuolization of the neuropil occasionally observed in cortical biopsies of AD is a non-specific finding and cannot be considered a neuropathologic link between AD and CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690586
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central neurocytoma (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Central neuronal tumor ; Third ventricle tumor ; Synapses ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report two cases of a rare tumor in adults which were inserted on the fornix and caused a frontal syndrome. By light microscopy, the tumors, highly calcified, were composed of small clear cells forming dense areas in a patchy fibrillary stroma. Electron microscopy revealed a striking neuronal differentiation with numerous synapses. These tumors, for which the term neurocytomas was proposed, were compared with the other CNS neuronal tumors described in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690587
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oculopharyngeal dystrophy: Ultrastructure of muscles distant from the primary myopathy (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Electron microscopy ; Pectoral and psoas muscles ; Myofibrillar degeneration ; A band fragmentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pectoral and psoas muscles from a 72-year-old man afflicted with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy were processed at autopsy for electron microscopy. The ultrastructural analyses of the pectoral muscle showed myofibrils which exhibited Z line streaming and a general breakdown in the organization of the sarcomere. In addition, some of the myofibrils displayed sites of degeneration at the center of the A band. The changes in the psoas muscles which are distant from the primary myopathic loci of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy were more extensive than that seen in the pectoral muscle. Control tissues showed intact myofibrils and little postmortem alteration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688872
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Feinstruktur der Nervenendigungen in den Muskelspindeln des M. lumbricalis der Ratte nach Durchschneidung des Nerven (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Electron microscopy ; Nerve endings ; Denervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nerve endings in muscle spindles from lumbricalis muscles of the hindpaw of the rat were studied by electron microscopy from 10 h to 7 days after section of the sciatic nerve. No sensory endings were found after 5 days and no motor endings after 3 days. Early changes in sensory endings included accumulation of lamellar bodies, mitochondrial swelling or shrinkage, an edematous appearance of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was phagocytosis by activated mesenchymal cells; other endings were incorporated into the sarcoplasm as electrondense bodies. Early changes in motor endings included aggregation or swelling of synaptic vesicles, swelling or shrinkage of mitochondria, edematous change of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was incorporation into the cytoplasm of adjacent Schwann cells and degradation to phagolysosomes. Sites of removed sensory endings could be identified by basement membrane reduplication, while the intact subsynaptic apparatus of removed motor endings was either loosely covered by Schwann cell processes, or by fibrillar material, or appeared empty. The differences in the removal of motor and sensory endings are explained by the differences in their anatomic structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688874
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron-microscopic study of the brain of the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) particle radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Radiation effects ; Nervous system ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) ions at low (4.2 rad) and high (1,584 rad) doses and killed to assess acute (36 h post-exposure) and late (35 days post-exposure) effects in the brain by means of electron microscopy. The main findings were: (a) glycogen granules appeared in the neuroglial compartment 36 h after exposure to either dose and were no longer present in flies killed 35 days later, (b) neuronal alterations (swelling and membrane disruption) were observed 35 days after exposure to both doses, (c) changes in the neuroglia (electron-dense masses of concentrically arranged membranous structures) were seen 35 days after exposure. The data are discussed in relation to previous research in the fruit fly using argon (40Ar) charged particles and to other radiation studies performed in the mammalian brain with the view of using the insect brain as a model for detailed study of radiation effects on neurons, neuroglia, and the neuron-neuroglia unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688875
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hirano bodies in myelinated fibers of hepatic encephalopathy (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hirano body ; Hepatic encephalopathy ; Oligodendroglia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inclusions, essentially identical to Hirano bodies, were observed in the substantia nigra, dentate nuclei, and frontal lobes in three autopsy cases of hepatic encephalopathy. Similar inclusions were not observed in these areas in nine controls. The inclusions were mainly seen in the inner loops of the myelinated fibers, between the myelin lamellae, and among degenerated myelin sheaths. The same inclusions were rarely observed in postsynaptic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688615
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeability alteration of brain and spinal cord vasculature to horseradish peroxidase during experimental decompression sickness as compared to the alteration in permeability induced by hyperosmolar solution (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Decompression sickness ; Hypertonic solutions ; Blood-brain barrier ; Blood-spinal cord barrier ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permeability of microvasculature in the cerebral cortex, neostriatum, and spinal cord to i. v. injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been investigated in rats following experimental compression to 6.1 bars (abs.) air for 90 min, and subsequent decompression to the ambient pressure in 1 min. For comparison, 1 ml of 2.0 M urea was injected into the right common carotid artery of rats during 15 s. After exposure to compression-decompression, under the light microscope focal leaky areas were found in all the regions examined. The leakage was most prominent in the grey matter of the spinal cord, and the cerebral cortex. In decompressed rats, arterioles were most often the site of peroxidase extravasation, whereas extravasation of HRP was less frequently displayed by capillaries and venules. In urea-treated rats, capillaries and venules frequently displayed extravasation of HRP as well. Parenchymal cells accumulated the trace adjacent to the leaky areas. Under the electron microscope, the extravasation of HRP was associated with peroxidase-containing pleomorphic vesicular structures in the endothelium, both in decompressed and urea-injected rats. Moreover, in contrast to decompressed rats, the junctions between endothelial cells were penetrated by the trace in urea-treated rats. Accordingly, the results indicate that during decompression sickness the pathway for the extravasation of proteins is through vesicular transfer, whereas the injection of hyperosmolar urea induces extravasation, both through vesicular transfer and junctions between the endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685387
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle fiber type morphology and distribution in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Paraplegia ; Complete spinal cord lesion ; Histopatology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsies of the rectus femoris muscle of 22 paraplegic patients with complete acute spinal cord transection due to trauma were taken for enzyme-histochemical and electron-microscopic studies in successive stages starting from the occurrence of the accident (1–17 months). Ingravescent muscular atrophy was demonstrated with a progressive decrease in the fiber diameter and changes in the fiber type distribution with predominant type II atrophy in the first stage and type I atrophy in the later stage of the cord transection. Muscular “neurogenic” changes, such as angular dark atrophic fibers, targetoid fibers, and type predominance are frequently observed. Myopathic alterations are observed in a low percentage in the later stages of the lesion. The ultrastructural findings are characterized by myofibrillar alterations and by dilatation and proliferative phenomena of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-system. There are ingravescent accumulation of lipid, interstitial fibrosis and microcirculatory alterations. The possible mechanism of “central” muscle atrophy is reviewed and discussed with reference to the morphological findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692178
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructural development of distal nephron segments in the human fetal kidney (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 19-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human kidney ; Nephron development ; Distal segments ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural development of the human distal nephron was studied in fetuses 14–18 weeks of gestational age. The three-dimensional course of the nephrons was traced in serial semi-thin sections. Single semi-thin sections containing defined distal nephron segments were then reembedded, thin-sectioned and analyzed by electron microscopy. In stage I (renal vesicle) and stage II (S-shaped body) epithelial cells were essentially similar in ultrastructure. In stage III there were only minor variations in cell ultrastructure between distal nephron segments, but distinct differences were observed between proximal and distal tubule cells, the former being the most differentiated. The segments which are present in nephrons of adult kidneys could be identified in stage IV and some ultrastructural differences recognized between the cells. However, the amplification of the baso-lateral membrane, which is prominent in iontransporting mature distal segments, was almost absent and the baso-lateral membrane area per unit tubule length was similar in all distal segments. Intercalated cells were present towards the end of the distal convoluted and in the connecting tubule in stage IV but the ampulla of the collecting tubule was composed of cells with a uniform ultrastructure. Cell ultrastructure varied again to some extent in the collecting tubule. The present observations demonstrate that distal nephron segments in the human kidney are structurally undifferentiated in the early fetal development and suggest that they only to a limited extent are capable of modifying the composition of the tubular fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301876
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin production and secretion in bence jones protein myeloma and “nonsecretory” myeloma (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 45 (1982), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma ; Immunoglobulin ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescent antibody technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using our electron microscopic method for polysome analysis and an immunofluorescent technique we studied Ig production and secretion by tumor cells in seven BJP myeloma patients and seven “nonsecretory” myeloma patients. In BJP myeloma Ig production and secretion is of three types: Type 1, only L-chains are synthesized and secreted; Type 2, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, but upon polysome analysis there is no peak at polysomes corresponding to H-chain production; Type 3, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, and polysome analysis shows two peaks corresponding to L- and H-chain production. Polysome analysis of “nonsecretory” myelomas show the presence of only very few membrane-bound polysomes and their distribution curves are entirely different from those of “ordinary” myeloma. Furthermore, the distribution patterns vary among seven cases. Results obtained by polysome analysis and immunofluorescent technique suggest that the “nonsecretory” myeloma could be divided into several subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319940
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubular aggregates in skeletal muscle of chronic alcoholic patients (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 250-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Chronic alcoholism ; Tubular aggregates ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of tubular aggregates (TA) in type II muscle fibers in two of 20 alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease, and with no apparent neuromuscular disorder, is reported. The localization, histochemical reactions, and ultrastructural features of the TA are similar to those previously described in other conditions. In one of the two cases TA were demonstrated by E/M observations only and not by histochemistry. No correlations were found between the biochemical changes and the presence of tubular aggregates. We believe that TA are long-standing structures since the muscle biopsies were performed 12 and 13 days after the ingestion of alcohol had been discontinued. They may represent a non-specific response of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to compensate for the deficient calcium uptake reported in alcoholic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691255
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrovascular pathogenesis in the telencephalon of the loop-tail mouse: A transmission electron-microscopic study (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral vessels ; Telencephalon ; Looptail mutant mouse ; Pathogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral capillaries in the telencephalon of normal (+/+;Lp/+)_and abnormal (Lp/Lp) loop-tail mutant mice were studied chronologically by means of electron microscopy at stages ranging from 15 through 18 days of gestation. In the abnormal tissue, neural rosettes were common, and cellular material and red blood cells were often contained within the lumen of the rosettes. The endothelial cells of telencephalic blood vessels in the abnormal brains showed a persistence of cellular projections, subluminal vacuoles, and swollen mitochondria beyond the stage when these features ordinarily disappear in normal embryonic cerebral vessels. The endothelial cells in the abnormal brains also failed to become fully invested with pericytes, and red blood cells gradually infiltrated the neural tissue, particularly in subependymal regions, at 16–18 days of gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690798
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of merkel cells after PUVA treatment (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 274 (1982), S. 373-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Merkel cell ; PUVA ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403744
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for inhibition of chitin synthesis by nikkomycin (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chitin inhibition ; Nikkomycin ; Cuticle ; Electron microscopy ; Epilachna varivestis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleoside antibiotic nikkomycin has proved to be an effective inhibitor of chitin synthesis in the Mexican bean beetleEpilachna varivestis. Ultrastructural investigations show defects in the procuticular area after nikkomycin application which suggest the complete absence of chitin. A cuticle like this is inflexible and too brittle to satisfy its normal function as an exoskeleton. The individuals are not able to free themselves from the exuvia and finally die. Therefore nikkomycin seems to be a potential insecticide with high specifity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848337
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term study of liver damage following subcutaneous injection of airborne particle extracts and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fractions (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ; Liver ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Female NMRI mice aged 9–12 weeks were each given a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of a suspension containing either the total extracts or the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction of airborne particles. Both the total extracts and PAH fractions contain 3 Vg benzopyrene. After about 15 months the livers were removed from the animals, which had by that time developed tumors at the injection site, and were subjected to ectronmicroscopical study. The essential alterations were observed in the nucleoli and the cell nuclei, which had greatly proliferated and exhibited irregular nuclear membranes. Advanced fibrosis was observed in central liver specimens of all groups. Marked alterations were also observed in the mitochondria and the mitochondria) cristae as well as in the bile canaliculi. Intracytoplasmic glycogen usually occurred densely clustered along the periphery of the cell. It may be concluded from the observations that both the total extract of atmospheric suspended particulate matter and the PAH fraction cause hematogenic damage to the liver following subcutaneous injection, a finding which cannot be interpreted as metastatic carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377939
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biologic characterization of human bone tumors I. Ewing's sarcoma (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 104 (1982), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Ewing's sarcoma ; Type IV collagen ; Factor-VIII-associated protein ; Endothelial differentiation ; Electron microscopy ; Immunofluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma were investigated by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. A layer of basement membrane-like deposits was found between typical principal and secondary tumor cells. To clarify the nature of these ultrastructural deposits, antibodies against collagen type IV were applied to frozen sections of corresponding tumor tissue. This reaction revealed type IV collagen as a regular component of basement membranes in nonneoplastic tumor capillaries, but it was equally able to localize collagen type IV between single tumor cells in capillary-free areas. With the same method, factor-VIII-associated protein, predominantly found in endothelial cells, could be demonstrated in some tumor cells. These results demonstrate that, in addition to anaplastic cells, some tumor cells are found in Ewing's sarcoma that share certain differentiating features with the endothelial cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402065
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural pathology of human lymphocytes in lysosomal disorders: a contribution to their morphological diagnosis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Metabolic disorders ; Inclusions ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural examination of peripheral lymphocytes was performed in 28 cases of various lysosomal diseases, including infantile, late infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL), mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), juvenile and adult metachromatic leukodystrophies (MLD), GM1-gangliosidosis, one patient with presumed mucolipidosis type IV, mucolipidosis type III, and glycogenosis type II. Based on our own observations on the ultrastructure of lymphocytes in lysosomal disorders, our results may be divided into the following 3 groups: 1. pathological findings with specific inclusions: each type of NCL, presumed mucolipidosis type IV, glycogenosis type II; 2. pathological findings with vacuoles: types I-H, II, III-A and III-B, IV, VI-A and VI-B of MPS, GM1-gangliosidosis; 3. apparently no pathological findings: juvenile and adult MLD, mucolipidosis type III, GM2-gangliosidosis, Gaucher disease. These results led us to conclude that morphological investigations utilizing lymphocytes do not always offer sufficient diagnostic information although easy accessibility favors diagnostic ultrastructural studies of lymphocytes. Such morphological studies should be supplemented by diagnostic biochemical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441150
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies onChlorella cell walls: Induction of protoplast formation (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 10-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Calcofluor White ; Cell wall structure ; Chlorella ; Electron microscopy ; Protoplast ; Ruthenium Red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Among 12 strains ofChlorella ellipsoidea, C. vulgaris, andC. saccharophila tested, 4 strains (1,C. ellpsoidea; 2,C. vulgaris; 1,C. saccharophila) formed osmotically labile protoplasts after treatment with mixtures of polysaccharide degrading enzymes. The relationship between enzymatical digestibility and structure or composition ofChlorella cell walls were studied by electron microscopy and staining techniques with some specific dyes. The cell wall structures of the 12Chlorella strains were grouped into three types: (1) with a trilaminar outer layer, (2) with a thin outer monolayer, and (3) without an outer layer. Protoplasts were formed only from the strains with a cell wall of Type 2. In the strains with a cell wall of Type 1, the outer layer protected the inner major microfibrillar layer against enzymatic digestion. The cell wall of Type 3 was totally resistant to the enzymes; the chemical composition of the cell wall would be somewhat different from that of other types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690809
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Thylakoid centers: Structures associated with the cyanobacterial photosynthetic membrane system (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Thylakoid centers ; Photosynthetic membranes/thylakoids ; Membranes ; Membrane biogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural study of four cyanobacteria (Anabaena cylindrica, Dermocarpa violaceae, Gleocapsa alpicola, Pleurocapsa minor) indicates the presence of previously undescribed thylakoid centers from which photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) radiate. These peripherally located thylakoid centers are cylinders 30 nm wide by 320 nm long, consisting of globular subunits oriented in nonparallel stacked arrays. Thylakoids are attached to the outer surface of the cylinder along its longitudinal axis. Thylakoid centers appear to be functionally significant due to their structure, location and thylakoid association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413518
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall degradation ofStaphylococcus aureus by lysozyme (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 116-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Wall degradation ; Lysozyme ; Autolysines ; Electron microscopy ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to former findings lysozyme was able to attack the cell walls ofStaphylococcus aureus under acid conditions. However, experiments with14C-labelled cell walls and ribonuclease indicated that, under these conditions, lysozyme acted less as an muralytic enzyme but more as an activator of pre-existing autolytic wall enzymes. Electron microscopic studies showed that under these acid conditions the cell walls were degraded by a new mechanism (i.e. “attack from the inside”). This attack on the cell wall started asymmetrically within the region of the cross wall and induced the formation of periodically arranged lytic sites between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall proper. Subsequently, a gap between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane resulted and large cell wall segments became detached and suspended in the medium. The sequence of lytic events corresponded to processes known to take place during wall regeneration and wall formation. In the final stage of lysozyme action at pH 5 no cell debris but “stabilized protoplasts” were to be seen without detectable alterations of the primary shape of the cells. At the same time long extended ribbon-like structures appeared outside the bacteria. The origin as well as the chemical nature of this material is discussed. Furthermore, immunological implications are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053992
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Human osteogenic sarcoma (1982)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 6 (1982), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Acid phosphate ; Alkaline phosphate ; Bone tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La morphologie de 26 sarcomes ostéogéniques a été étudiée par microscopie électronique et la localisation des phosphatases acide et alcaline a pu être précisée au niveau ultrastructural. Quatre différents types de cellules ont été mis en évidence dans les tumeurs: cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique, fibroblastique et chondroblastique, ainsi que des cellules géantes multinuclées. Les cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique étaient présentes dans presque toutes les tumeurs étudiées. Une activité phosphatasique acide a été trouvée dans les lysosomes de toutes les cellules étudiées. Une activité phosphatasique alcaline a été observée dans — ou sur — la membrane plasmatique et dans les vésicules associées des cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique et fibroblastique ainsi que des cellules géantes. L'abondance des produits de réaction de la phosphatase alcaline contrastant avec une faible activité phosphatasique acide est en accord avec la nature de cette tumeur ostéogénique. Les résultats de l'étude histochimique ont aidé à comprendre la pathobiologie des différentes cellules qui constituent les sarcomes ostéogéniques.
    Notes: Summary The morphology of 26 cases of osteogenic sarcoma was studied using electron microscopic techniques, and the localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity at the ultrastructural level elucidated. Four different cells were present in the tumours: osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, chondroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The osteoblast-like cell was present in most of the tumours studied. Acid phosphatase activity was present in lysosome-like structures of almost all the cell-types studied. Alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in or on the plasma membranes and associated vesicles of osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The abundant reaction product deposition of alkaline phosphatase as compared with the lower acid phosphatase activity is in agreement with the nature of this bone-forming tumour. The results of the histochemical studies have added to the understanding of the pathobiology of the different cells composing osteogenic sarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267727
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Sensory organs inIps typographus (Insecta: Coleoptera) — Fine structure of antennal sensilla (1982)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 111 (1982), S. 206-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bark beetle ; Sensilla ; Chemoreceptors ; Mechanoreceptors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The antennal sensilla inI. typographus are almost exclusively confined to the flattened terminal flagellar segment. The sensillar types have distinct distribution patterns in the three areas where they are found. Judging from the ultrastructural characteristics the following functions can be assigned to the sensillar types: chemoreception, single-walled and double-walled sensilla; chemoreception/mechanoreception, terminal-pore sensillum. Moreover there are two types of mechanoreceptors, one of which is connected to a bristle, whereas the other terminates within the cuticle of the flagellar segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281968
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphologische Untersuchungen zur Toxizität der Ethacrynsäure an der Prominentia spiralis (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 217-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Ethacrynic acid ; Spiral prominence ; Electron microscopy ; Ethacrynsäure ; Prominentia spiralis cochleae ; Elek tronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach einmaliger intravenöser Ethacrynsäure-Applikation (40 mg/kg Körpergewicht) wurden die ultastrukturellen Veränderungen in der Prominentia spiralis der Meerschweinchenschnecke nach Einwirkungszeiten zwischen 5 und 90 min untersucht. Nach einer initialen Schwellung der den Endolymphraum begrenzenden Epithelzellen entwickelte sich ein interzelluläres Ödem und eine ausgeprägte Schrumpfung der das Vas prominens umgebenden Stromazellen mit nachfolgender Erweiterung des Perivascularraumes. Während die Veränderungen in der Stria vascularis und der Prominentia spiralis im zeitlichen Verlauf sich weitgehend identisch entwickelten, setzte die Rückbildung zur normalen Ultrastruktur in der Prominentia spiralis früher ein.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in the guinea pig spiral prominence were studied at various times after a single intravenous injection of ethacrynic acid (40 mg/kg body-weight). Initial swelling of endolymph-facing epithelial cells was followed by dilatation of the intercellular spaces and marked shrinkage of the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. While the changes in the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence progressed at about the same pace, the regression to normal ultrastructure set in earlier in the spiral prominence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454213
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cells and intercellular contacts in glomeruli and tubules of the frog kidney (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 589-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney (frog) ; Glomerulus ; Nephron ; Tight junctions ; Freeze-fracturing ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By the use of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas the glomerular and tubular structures of the kidney of the frog (Rana esculenta) were studied with special reference to intercellular junctions. In the glomerulus the filtration barrier is of very variable thickness, and frequent tight and gap junctional contacts occur between podocyte processes. Although structurally less elaborate, the proximal tubule resembles its mammalian counterpart. In the initial part the tight junctions are relatively shallow but become very broad in the mid and distal portions of the proximal tubule. The proximal tubular cells are extensively linked by gap junctions. In some animals the shapes of the cells in the proximal and distal portions of the proximal tubule were markedly different. The distal tubule consists of two segments which differ mainly in the pattern of interdigitations and the structure of the zonulae occludentes. Similarities with the tight junctional morphology of the mammalian distal tubule are striking. In the first part of the distal tubule (diluting segment) a narrow band of parallel tight junctions is found closely resembling that found in the mammalian straight distal tubule; in the more distal part of the distal tubule, however, a broad band of anastomosing tight junctional strands exists, like the zonula occludens of the mammalian convoluted distal tubule. The connecting tubule displays cellular dimorphism: its wall contains a mixture of light and dark (flask) cells. The luminal and basolateral membranes of the flask cells are covered with numerous rod-shaped particles. The tight junctions of the connecting tubule are broad and increase in depth and number of strands along its length; they are typical of a very tight epithelium. In spite of several dissimilarities with phylogenetically younger kidneys our findings suggest that many structural principles of the mammalian kidney are also represented in the kidneys of amphibians. The structural-functional relationships are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214787
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of endocrine cells in the stomach of two teleost fish Perca fluviatilis L. and Ameiurus nebulosus L. (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1982), S. 657-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stomach (Teleost) ; Endocrine cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the gastric mucosa of two teleost species, the perch (Perca fluviatilis) and the catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus) three endocrine cell types were found, located predominantly between the mucoid cells of the gastric mucosa. A fourth cell type is present in the gastric glands of catfish. Each cell type was defined by its characteristic secretory granules. Type-I cells were predominant in both fish. These cells contained round or oval granules with a pleomorphic core. The average diameter of granules was 400 nm for the perch and 270 nm for the catfish. Type-II cells of both species displayed small, highly osmiophilic granules about 100 nm in diameter. The secretory granules of type-III cells (260 nm in the perch and 190 nm in the catfish) were round or slightly oval in shape and were filled with a finely particulate electron-dense material. Type-IV cells of the catfish were found in the gastric glands only. Their cytoplasm was filled with homogeneous, moderately electron-dense granules averaging 340 nm in diameter. The physiological significance of these different morphological types of gastric endocrine cells requires further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215709
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apical region of the crayfish retinula (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crustacean compound eye ; Eighth retinular cell ; Crystalline tract ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The base of the crystalline tract, the distal part of the eighth retinular cell and its rhabdomer constitute a structural unit in the apical region of the retinula of Astacus fluviatilis and A. leptodactylus, shielded from the blood by a special covering cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213221
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic localization of A2B5 cell surface antigen in monolayer cultures of murine cerebellum and retina (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 637-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell surface antigen ; Neurons ; Glia ; Electron microscopy ; Immunoperoxidase ; Monoclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immuno-electron microscopy was performed on live, cultured, early postnatal cerebellar and retinal cells of the mouse to identify A2B5 antigenbearing elements. In cerebellar cultures, granule cells, some immature oligodendroglia, and astroblasts express A2B5 antigen on their cell surfaces. The typical features of astroblasts include large cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and a mixed population of intermediate-sized filaments and microtubules. Immature oligodendroglia cells express the antigen on their cell bodies and on procecesses filled with cytoplasm. Cytoplasm-free membranous whorls, however, are devoid of A2B5 antigen, but not of 0 or NS-1 antigens. In retinal cultures, A2B5 antigen is observed on differentiating neurons with the exception of photoreceptor cells as identified by ribbon synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213758
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Pacinian corpuscles after denervation in adult rats (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 673-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pacinian corpuscles, rat ; Denervation ; Sensory terminals ; Nerve degeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles located on the crural interosseous membrane was studied in adult rats 6 h to 10 months after transection of the right sciatic nerve. Axon terminals degenerated one day after transection and were engulfed and resorbed by cells of the inner core within one week. The axial space left after removal of the axonal debris was closed by the lamellae of the inner core. The main structural features of the inner core and capsule remained preserved after denervation throughout the period of study. The denervated inner cores, however, became atrophic 10 months after neurotomy, their mean diameter being reduced by 17.5% compared with that of contralateral control corpuscles. The number of capsular lamellae was unaltered, and perineurial pathways of the peripheral nerve stump remained preserved. Schwann cells proliferated and formed Büngner bands during the first month after denervation, but retracted their processes and became atrophic at later stages after neurotomy. Survival of Pacinian corpuscles after long-term denervation in adult rats is in contrast to their rapid degeneration within several days after nerve section in neonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213762
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Close apposition of muscle cells in the longitudinal bands of the body wall of a holothurian, Isostichopus badionotus (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 465-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Junctions ; Smooth muscle ; Echinodermata ; Holothuria, Aspidochirotida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy reveals that sarcolemmata of adjacent muscle cells form pentalaminar junctions by fusion of apposed trilaminar double leaflet membranes. These junctions appear to be candidates for low resistance pathways between muscle fibers. The muscles depolarize slowly when bathed in solutions containing elevated concentrations of KCl, and the sucrose gap method can then be used to measure the potential difference between polarized and depolarized regions. Thus the junctions which we have observed may provide the structural basis for electrical transmission through the sucrose gap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204778
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Penetration of the peritrophic membrane of the tick by Babesia microti (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1982), S. 471-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peritrophic membrane ; Tick ; Babesia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A peritrophic membrane (PM) has been demonstrated in the gut of feeding larvae, nymphs, and adults of the tick Ixodes dammini. This is the first report of a PM in ticks. This temporary structure divides the lumen of the gut into two compartments, an endoperitrophic space, the lumen proper, and an ectoperitrophic space located between the PM and the epithelial cells of the gut wall. The PM is a mechanical barrier and even such small particles as ribosomes derived from ingested reticulocytes are retained in the lumen proper; they are never found in the ectoperitrophic compartment. In Ixodes dammini fed on hamsters infected with Babesia microti some of the parasites are found in the ectoperitrophic space. This passage is accomplished by a highly specialized organelle, the arrowhead, which develops in some Babesia during their metamorphosis in the gut of the vector. The arrowhead, while passing through the PM, changes its fine structure and loses its internal organization as if releasing some of its contents. Its disintegration continues and it disappears shortly after the Babesia have entered the epithelial cells. Only Babesia equipped with the arrowhead structure are able to cross the PM. This is the first documented case of a parasite traversing a solidified PM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215696
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paddle cilia (discocilia) in chemosensitive structures of the gastropod mollusk Pleurobranchaea californica (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 25-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paddle cilia ; Discocilia ; Pleurobranchaea ; Chemoreceptors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy of various regions of the body of the marine gastropod Pleurobranchaea californica (McFarland) has revealed a characteristic cell type that bears cilia with dilated discoid-shaped tips. The tips of the cilia consist of an expansion of the ciliary membrane around a looped distal extension of the axoneme. These kinocilia have been observed in numerous other marine invertebrates and are generally referred to as paddle cilia (Tamarin et al. 1974) or discocilia (Heimler 1978). Although many functions have been proposed for paddle cilia, little empirical evidence supports any of the proposals. In Pleurobranchaea we have found that the distribution of this ciliated cell type corresponds exactly to areas of the body known from behavioral studies (Lee et al. 1974; Davis and Matera 1981) to mediate chemoreception. Transmission electron microscopy of the epithelium lining the rhinophores and tentacles of Pleurobranchaea revealed details of the ultrastructure of these ciliated cells and showed that they are primary receptors. These ciliated receptors lie in a yellow-brown pseudostratified columnar epithelium that superficially resembles the olfactory mucosa of vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218286
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Pigment biogenesis in freshwater shrimp ventral nerve chord chromatophores (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigment granules ; Chromatophores ; Granulogenesis ; Palaemonid shrimp ; Macrobrachium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible biogenesis of two pigment granule types present in the monochromatic, brown chromatosomes enveloping the ventral nerve chord of the freshwater palaemonid shrimps Macrobrachium acanthurus, M. heterochirus and M. olfersii is examined by transmission electron microscopy in thin section and freeze fracture replicas. Prominent, membrane limited granules are suggested to have their origin in a complex, juxtanuclear, smooth endoplasmic reticulum labyrinth, continuous with the nuclear envelope. Amembranous, lipocarotenoid granules possibly derive from the external surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear envelope and SER membranes contain numerous 11 nm diameter intramembranous particles while pigment granule membranes exhibit fewer particles. A dictyosomal origin for the lipocarotenoid granules is discounted. Granulogenesis is suggested to be a continuous process in crustacean chromatophores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218297
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural duality of extrafusal fibers in a slow (tonic) skeletal muscle (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Fiber types ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural and stereological assessment of the mature avian anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle showed that it contains two kinds of extrafusal fibers. This fine structural dichotomy of fiber types in the ALD correlated well with their previously reported histochemical duality. Distinct differences occur in sarcomere banding, myofibrillar area, sarcotubular and mitochondrial density, and in morphology of motor-nerve terminals. Both myofiber types in this muscle were interpreted as representing varieties of “slow” or tonic muscle fibers. Both fibers contain myofibrils that, despite differences in cross-sectional area, were large, irregular, and ribbon-shaped, typical of the “Felderstruktur” appearance of true “slow” fibers. Whereas the majority of fibers (type-1) are devoid of well-defined M-bands, the minor fiber population (type-2) exhibit prominent M-bands in the center of each sarcomere. In addition, type-1 tonic fibers contain a significantly lower mitochondrial and sarcotubular volume than the tonic fibers of type-2. While both fiber types exhibit motor-nerve terminals that are small, smooth and punctate in appearance, those on the type2 fibers often had a number of shallow postjunctional folds. Whether or not these two classes of extrafusal fiber in this muscle represent two separate and distinct types of motor units remains to be determined functionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213211
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of arterial smooth muscle cells cultured in the presence of whole blood serum or plasma-derived serum (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle cells ; In vitro-growth ; Whole blood serum ; Plasma-derived serum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Normal diploid cells require serum to proliferate in culture. Platelet-derived growth factor has been identified as the main serum component responsible for this effect. Here, smooth muscle cells were isolated enzymatically from the aorta of 5-day-old rats and cultured in the presence of 10% whole blood serum (WBS) or plasma-derived serum (PDS), i.e. with or without platelet factor, and studied by transmission electron microscopy. The cells proliferated actively in WBS-medium but remained quiescent in PDS-medium. Fine structurally, cells from WBS-cultures demonstrated numerous mitochondria, an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a large Golgi complex, a few lysosomes, and microfilaments arranged in parallel bundles. After transfer to PDS-medium, the RER- and Golgi cisternae were markedly dilated and the number of membrane-associated ribosomes decreased. Segregation of fragments of cytoplasm within autophagosomes was frequently observed and the number of lysosomes increased. Lipid droplets were more abundant and often gathered in the Golgi area. Moreover, the cells had become more irregular in shape and showed many bleb-like processes at their surface. Microfilament bundles had also become more prominent and crossed each other in different directions. These observations show that the removal of platelet factor from the medium clearly modifies the fine structure of cultured smooth muscle cells. The findings are in good agreement with the concept that platelet factor not only supports the proliferation of cultured cells but also stimulates their secretory activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221501
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hyper- and hypoosmotic solutions on the structure of theAstacus retina (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 267-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina (Astacus) ; Rhabdom ; Osmolarity ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations of the retinula cells in the retina of the light-adapted crayfish in response to hyper- and hypoosmotic van Harreveld solutions was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Increased osmolarity of the bathing medium to twice that of the physiological value leads to shrinkage of the retinula-cell somata. Microvilli, on the other hand, do not undergo shrinkage. Some other characteristic irreversible changes do, however, take place, including detachment of microvilli from the soma, showing a two- or threefold increase in diameter, and a concomitant decrease in number, probably due to fusion of microvilli. Prolonged incubation or higher osmolarities (5 isosmol) cause alteration of the microvillar membranes to whorls. Structural changes are often restricted to microvillar stacks evaginating from certain individual retinular cells. The number of affected stacks increases depending on the duration of incubation or the osmotic pressure. Hypoosmotic solution (0.5 isosmol) also induces an increase of microvillar diameters and a concomitant reduction in number of microvilli per stack. Exposure to a 20% solution of glycerol causes destruction of the rhabdom structure and the formation of whorls from microvillar membranes. The present findings suggest that the structure of the microvilli is stabilized by an axial cytoskeleton.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258488
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    Electronic Resource
    Interdigitating cells and macrophages in the acute involuting rat thymus (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus (rat) irradiation ; Electron microscopy ; Interdigitating cells ; Macrophages ; Phagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phagocytic activity and population development of medullary interdigitating cells (IDC) and cortical macrophages have been studied in the rat thymus after irradiation-induced thymocyte necrosis. IDC clearly demonstrate phagocytic activity, particularly in the 16h stage after irradiation. At this stage the number of necrotic thymocytes is maximal and the total number of phagocytic cells is insufficient to phagocytize all necrotic material. IDC increase in number slightly and are predominantly phagocytizing in the corticomedullary region (CMR), where they appear to develop from macrophage-like cells. The results indicate that medullary IDC can be phagocytic but have a different developmental pathway than cortical macrophages. Cortical macrophages greatly increase in number and acquire the appearance of tingible body macrophages by phagocytizing many necrotic thymocytes. They seem to develop from monocytes that normally enter the thymus at the CMR. During the acute involution macrophages probably also enter the cortex via the connective tissue capsule. It is suggested that thymus medullary IDC probably belong to the mononuclear phagocytes, as do the cortical macrophages. In the specific medullary environment IDC gradually develop their characteristic ultrastructure for an apparently other than phagocytic function. The similarities between IDC and epidermal Langerhans cells are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216874
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes of the stigma of the follicle during the process of ovulation in the hen (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 349-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovarian follicle ; Ovulation ; Ultrastructural change ; Fowl ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary No structural changes could be observed in the stigma until 2 h before ovulation. Within a few minutes of ovulation, the stratum granulosum and theca interna disappear completely in the middle part of the stigma. By 30 min before ovulation, the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the fibroblasts of the theca externa develops conspicuously. Then a few minutes before ovulation, the theca externa becomes much thinner with a conspicuous disintegration of the collagenous fibers into individual fibrils. These structural changes may contribute to the fragility of the stigma tissue and induce rupture of the follicle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216878
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Cellular interconnections in the young mouse ovary (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 383-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mouse ovary ; Junctions ; Freeze-fracture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intercellular junctions in the young mouse ovary were examined by electron microscopy utilizing freeze-fracture and thin-sectioning techniques. Projections from the granulosa cells adjacent to the oocyte (GI) traverse the zona pellucida and form small gap junctions on the oocyte surface. On the P-face of these cells, the junctional aggregations are occasionally associated with linear strands of particles. In contrast, large gap junctional areas are frequently observed between the more peripherally located granulosa cells (GE) and are also present in the theca interna (TI) cell layer surrounding the follicles. Three types of tight junctional strands are discernible on the P-face of theca externa cells (TE): angularly zigzag strands consisting of intermittently distributed intramembranous particles on wide ridges, intermediate zigzag strands consisting of more continuously distributed particles, and wavy strands consisting of rather fused particles. Tight junctional strands are also present in the middle of grooves on the E-face of endothelial cells of blood vessels. In the germinal epithelial cell layer, tight junctional strands appear to be discrete and form a less anastomosing network.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216881
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  • 55
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    Ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of the developing sheep hypophysis (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 369-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Pars intermedia ; Electron microscopy ; Fetal sheep ; Lamb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using light and electron microscopy, the morphogenesis of the pars intermedia of the sheep pituitary gland was examined in developing lambs between 26 days of gestation and the newborn stage. Following the establishment of contact between the anterior and posterior lobe primordia seen at 26 days, the connection with the pharyngeal roof disappeared by 31 days. The lumen of Rathke's pouch, which was a prominent cavity at the earlier stages, became inconspicuous by 40 days but progressively increased in size during gestation and, in some newborn animals, contained colloid material. At 40 days, the pars intermedia consisted of a uniform population of undifferentiated cells. Cells with cytoplasmic granules were first identified at 50 days. The cytological appearance of granular cells at 70 days indicated increased synthetic activity and by 80 days they closely resembled adult glandular cells. At 100 days, membrane activity suggestive of exocytosis was first observed in granular cells; fenestrated capillaries were present, and early follicle formation between adjacent non-granular cells was seen. This apparent exocytotic release of granules was observed much more frequently between 100 days of gestation and the newborn stage than in adult pars intermedia cells. These findings indicate that glandular cells of the developing pars intermedia are actively engaged in synthesis, storage and secretion from an early stage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216880
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Endometrial ultrastructure in the early uterine response to blastocysts and artificial deciduogenic stimuli in rats (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Implantation ; Blastocyst ; Pontamine ; blue reaction ; Decidualization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The early uterine response to transplanted, delayed and estrogenactivated blastocysts was studied ultrastructurally and compared with that induced by intrauterine instillations of deciduogenic agents (arachis oil, air). The uterine responses to delayed and activated blastocysts showed no ultrastructural or temporal differences. Already within 4 h after transfer to a sensitized uterus, the delayed blastocysts exhibited signs of activation, and both types of blastocysts had started to attach onto an undamaged epithelial lining. Signs of stromal cell differentiation into decidual cells were also seen as early as 4 h after transfer, while the Pontamine-blue reaction did not appear until after 8 h. The results therefore indicate that the transplanted blastocysts induced decidualization atraumatically and that the delayed blastocysts were either deciduogenic already before transfer or rapidly acquired deciduogenic properties after transfer. Artificial decidual induction with oil and air led to damage or death of a large number of cells in the uterine luminal epithelium. Within only 15 min after instillation pronounced signs of cell damage were seen, and later numerous cells were extruded from the epithelial lining. In the stroma ultrastructural signs of decidual cell differentiation and a Pontamine-blue reaction were observed as early as 4 h after induction. It is therefore suggested that oil and air induce decidualization via the epithelium by means of trauma.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214688
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the ventricular surface of the frog cerebellum (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog cerebellum ; Ependymal surface ; Cilia ; Supraependymal cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of the ventricular surface of the frog cerebellum showed regional differences. In the midline region of the adult cerebellum was found a band of profusely ciliated squamous ependymal cells. In the rest of the cerebellum the ependymal cells were columnar and each had a single cilium. In the cerebellum of the premetamorphic tadpole, the squamous ependymal cells of the midline region also were monociliated. During metamorphosis they gradually became multiciliated. Additionally, supraependymal cells and synaptic elements were present on the ventricular surface of the cerebellum of adult frogs as well as in late metamorphic tadpoles. In contrast, supraependymal cells were rarely observed in premetamorphic tadpoles, and it was concluded that the supraependymal system develops during metamorphosis. It is postulated that the band of cilia may be associated with the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, and supraependymal synaptic elements function in neuroendocrine regulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214695
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  • 58
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    Further studies on the junctional complex in the intestine of Sagitta setosa (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 663-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chaetognatha ; Intestine ; Pleated septate junction ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intramembrane structures of the pleated septate junction which occur in the junctional complex of the intestine of the chaetognath Sagitta setosa have been investigated. The pleated septate junction is made up of linear rows of irregularly shaped and sized particles, often fused into short rods, and pits which can be fused into furrows. The distribution of these structures on E and P faces depends upon the preparative methods used. Many of the morphological characteristics are the same as those of the “lower invertebrate pleated septate junction type” defined by Green (1981a). The physiological significance of this junction is obscure. On the basis of the presence of septate junctions (both of the paired septate junction and pleated septate junction types) which have mainly morphological characteristics of the “lower invertebrate pleated septate junction” we can add to the hypothesis that chaetognaths are not related to the molluscs and arthropods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214811
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  • 59
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    An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical study of endocrine cells in the gut and pancreas of a stomachless teleost fish, Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 577-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteroendocrine cells ; Pancreatic endocrine cells ; Gastroenteropancreatic hormones ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four immunoreactive endocrine cell types can be distinguished in the pancreatic islets of B. conchonius: insulin-producing B cells, somatostatin-producing A1 (= D) cells, glucagon-producing A2 cells and pancreatic poly-peptide-producing PP cells. The principal islet of this species contains only a few PP cells, while many PP cells are present in the smaller islets. Except for the B cell all pancreatic endocrine cell types are also present in the pancreatic duct. At least six enteroendocrine cell types are present in the gut of B. conchonius: 1. a cell type (I) with small secretory granules, present throughout the intestine, and possibly involved in the regulation of gut motility; 2. a C-terminal gastrin immunoreactive cell, probably producing a caerulein-like peptide; these cells are located at the upper parts of the folds, especially in the proximal part of the intestinal bulb; 3. a met-enkephalin-immunoreactive cell, present throughout the first segment; 4. a glucagon-immunoreactive cell, which is rare in the first segment; 5. a PP-immunoreactive cell, mainly present in the first half of the first segment; 6. an immunoreactive cell, which cannot at present be specified, located in the intestinal bulb. The latter four cell types are mostly located in the basal parts of the folds, although some PP-immunoreactive cells can also be found in the upper parts. Most if not all enteroendocrine cells are of the open type. The possible functions of all enteroendocrine cell types are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204788
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
    Splenic white pulp as a thymus-independent area in the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Xenopus ; Spleen ; B-lymphocyte ; Immunofluorescence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An indirect immunofluorescence study of the frozen sections of the spleen of an anuran amphibian, Xenopus laevis, showed that lymphocytes bearing a small amount of immunoglobulin (Ig) were localized mostly in the white pulp of non-immunized toads. There were fewer fluorescent cells in the red pulp. In the toads hyperimmunized with human gamma globulin (HGG), cells with strong cytoplasmic fluorescence increased significantly in the outer part of the white pulp. Electron microscopy of spleens from these toads showed that plasma cells at different stages of maturation were abundant in the white pulp, whereas in the red pulp, a smaller number of maturer plasma cells were observed. These results indicate that, in contrast with its mammalian counterpart, the splenic white pulp of this anuran is the site where thymusin-dependent lymphocytes commence blast formation and transformation into plasma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218363
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  • 61
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    Time sequence and site of fluid accumulation in experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema (1976)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 168 (1976), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Initial phase of neurogenic pulmonary edema ; Perfusion fixation ; HRP ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The initial phase of pulmonary edema development following intracranial pressure elevation was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. Using perfusion fixation and application of a blood tracer (HRP horseradish peroxidase) the time sequence and site of fluid leakage out of pulmonary vessels was demonstrated: - passage of edema fluid through intercellular clefts of alveolar capillary endothelium - edema accumulation in alveolar interstitial tissue - draining of edema fluid from the alveolar septum to the interstitium of terminal bronchioli and to lymphatic vessels. An early interepithelial fluid leakage out of the alveolar wall remains questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851320
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  • 62
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    Metabolism and ultrastructure in ovaries of alloxan-diabetic juvenile rats (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 220 (1976), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Rat ovaries ; Diabetes mellitus ; Alloxan ; ATP/ADP ; Lactate/pyruvate ; NADP/NADPH ; Glucose ; Protein content ; Hydrogen-coveying enzymes ; alkal. phosphatase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß eines alloxan-induzierten Diabetes mellitus auf den Stoffwechsel und die Ultrastruktur juveniler Rattenovarien untersucht. Der Diabetes mellitus bewirkte folgende Änderungen imStoffwechsel: Abfall der Konzentration von ATP und NADPH, Anstieg des Lactat/Pyruvat-Quotienten über 40, Abfall des ATP/ADP-Quotienten unter 1, Aktivitätsminderung der wasserstoffübertragenden Enzyme G-6-DH, Isocitrat-DH, Malat-DH, Aktivitätszunahme der alkalischen Phosphatase, Erniedrigung des Proteingehaltes.Ultrastruktur: Nahezu vollständiges Verschwinden des rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulums, Schrumpfung der Mitochondrien, Reduktion der cristae und Kondensation der Matrix. Das glatte endoplasmatische Reticulum bleibt unverändert, der Golgi-Komplex ist in seiner Ausdehnung reduziert. Leichte Extrahierbarkeit der Lipiddepots. Die Befunde sprechen für eine Hemmung der oxydativen Phosphorylierung sowie für eine Beeinträchtigung des Steroid- und Proteinstoffwechsels.
    Notes: Summary Tests were carried out on the influence of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus on the metabolism and the ultrastructure of ovaries of juvenile rats. The diabetes mellitus caused the following changes in themetabolism: reduction in the concentration of ATP and NADPH, increase in the lactate/pyruvate quotient to above 40, reduction in the ATP/ADP quotient to below 1, reduction in the level of activity of the hydrogen-conveying enzymes G-6-P-dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, increase in the level of activity of the alkaline phosphatase, reduction of the protein content. Ultrastructure almost complete disappearance of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, shrinkage of the mitochondria, reduction of the cristae and condensation of the matrix. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum remains unchanged, the extent of the Golgi-complex is reduced. Easy removal of the lipid deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667748
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  • 63
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    Ultrastructural study of testis in testicular feminization (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 221 (1976), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Endocrinology ; Pathology ; Testicular feminization ; Testis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Testicular tissue was investigated by electron microscopy in a case of testicular feminization. The seminiferous tubules were lined by spermatogonia and by Sertoli cells. Spermatocytic maturation was not observed. Leydig cells were numerous and contained well developed, abundant vesicular smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and large mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae. Reinke crystalloids were absent. The ultrastructural findings were consistent with the assumption that Leydig cells were under adequate stimulation and were in a stage of active secretion. Hence, the results seem to indicate that testicular endocrine function was maintained in the studied case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667021
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  • 64
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    Effect of peripheral axotomy on the fine structure and histochemistry of the Rolando substance: Degenerative atrophy of central processes of pseudounipolar cells (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 73-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rolando substance ; Degeneration ; Atrophy ; Axotomy ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Disappearence of fluorid-resistant acid phosphatase activity from the ipsilateral Rolando substance after transection of the peripheral nerve, is shown to be due to the cessation of enzyme supply from dorsal root ganglion cells to their central terminals. This is accompanied by (or ensues in consequence of) a fine structural derangement of these terminals (“degenerative atrophy”). Fine structural alterations of axon terminals undergoing degenerative atrophy, though similar to some extent to those seen during early phases of a Wallerian degeneration, are markedly different. Also myelinated nerve fibers, both in the dorsal horn and in dorsal columns, are affected by degenerative atrophy. This important, new trophical feature of sensory ganglion cells suggests a delicate metabolic balance between peripheral and central axonal branches of bipolar (pseudounipolar) cells. Degenerative atrophy raises serious implications in evaluating hodological experiments based upon Wallerian degeneration and offers new perspectives for theoretical and clinical neurology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235250
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  • 65
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    An electron microscopic study of plasmatic arterionecrosis in the human cerebral arteries (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1976), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cerebral hemorrhage ; Cerebral artery disease ; Plasmatic arterionecrosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of the intracerebral arteries from 9 hypertensive cases was performed in order to elucidate the morphogenesis of the plasmatic arterionecrosis which was considered to be the direct cause of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. In the preceding stage of the arterial lesions, marked necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells and increase of basement membrane-like substance in the intima and media were observed. The lumina of these arteries were slightly dilated. The dilatation and hemodynamic factors were supposed to cause endothelial injury resulting in blood plasma insudation into the intima through the opened spaces between endothelial cells. The insudated blood plasma dispersed and dissolved the basement membrane-like substance, collagen and elastic fibers in the arterial wall, leading to the development of the plasmatic arterionecrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427707
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  • 66
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    Electronic Resource
    Stereology of liver biopsies from healthy volunteers (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human liver ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stereologioal model and the base-line data of normal human liver needle biopsy-specimens are presented. Four reference systems were introduced: 1 cm3 of liver tissue, 1 cm3 of hepatoeyte, 1 cm3 of hepatocytic cytoplasm and the volume of an average “mononuclear” hepatocyte. The sampling was done at three levels of magnification (1,000 ×, 5,000 × and 10,000 ×). A lobular differentiation was not considered. The baseline data show strikingly small variations (s.e. less than 10%) within the individual biopsy specimen and within the group of four biopsies. There is no principal difference between human beings presented here, rats, mice and dogs. Only the mean individual volume of human hepatocytes is clearly larger than in rodents. The problems and limitations of stereological work on liver biopsy specimens are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433072
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  • 67
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    Electronic Resource
    Hairy cell leukemia (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bone marrow biopsy ; Hairy cell leukemia ; Differential diagnosis ; Myelofibrosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 24 patients with hairy cell leukemia, histological and fine structural findings from biopsies of the bone marrow are reported and their validity is compared with other diagnostic procedures available. Diagnosis by light microscopy of anterior iliac crest biopsies obtained by the method of myelotomy is possible with a high degree of accuracy. The differentiation of hairy cell leukemia from other myelo- or lymphoproliferative disorders based on cytomorphology as well as patterns of growth is emphasized. Morphological differences between fibrosis in this entity and other lesions such as malignant lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, osteomyelofibrosis and -sclerosis are emphasized. Electron microscopy of the bone marrow shows single fibroblastic cells with numerous slender cytoplasmic processes randomly dispersed among the hairy cells. These fibroblasts are probably responsible for the synthesis of the reticulin and collagen fibres in their surroundings. Moreover fine structure of the hairy cells demonstrates pinocytic activity but no apparent phagocytosis in contrast to the phagocytic reticulum cells (histiocytes, macrophages). In the bone marrow the precursor cells and the many immature forms of hairy cells exhibit an overall lymphocytoid appearance during their maturation, suggesting a lymphocytic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445773
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  • 68
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    Electronic Resource
    Experimentell induzierte Herzmuskelfasernekrosen nach Praemedikation mit Strophanthin (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Angiotensin ; Catecholamine ; Strophanthin ; Rat heart ; Myocardial necroses ; Optical microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Ratte nehmen die durch Angiotensin induzierten Herzmuskelfasernekrosen (75 mg/kg s.c. und i.p.) unter Strophanthin-Praemedikation (2 × 10−2 mg/kg i.p.) an Zahl und Ausmaß ab. Darüberhinaus ändert sich der elektronenmikroskopische Befund: Die alleinige Gabe von Angiotensin bewirkt eine Vakuolisation der Mitochondrion und eine Dilatation des endoplasmatischen Reticulum ohne Alteration der Myofibrillen. Die kombinierte Gabe von Strophanthin und Angiotensin führt zu einer primären Zerstörung der Myofibrillen, ohne daß Mitochondrien und tubuläres System sichtbar verändert werden. Der Schutzmechanismus des Strophanthin wird im Sinne einer Ökonomisierung des Zellstoffwechsels bei relativer coronarieller Insuffizienz diskutiert, welche durch die starke vasokonstriktorische Wirkung des Angiotensin ausgelöst wird.
    Notes: Summary Number and degree of angiotensin-induced heart muscle necroses in the rat (75 mg/kg body weight) are diminuished by premedication with strophanthin (2 × 10−2 mg/kg body weight). The electron-microscopic findings are also changed: the application of angiotensin only results in vacuolization of mitochondria and a dilatation of the endoplasmatic reticulum while myofibrils are unaltered. Angiotensin in combination with strophanthin has a direct destructive effect on the myofibrils without evident changes of the mitochondria and the tubular system of the heart. The protective action of Strophanthin on the heart muscle cell is discussed in the sense of an economization of the cellular metabolism under conditions of relative coronary insufficiency, induced by the vasoconstructive effect of angiotensin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430810
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  • 69
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    Electronic Resource
    On the fungitoxicity of some new thiocyanatopyrazole derivatives: Electron microscopical study in trichophyton mentagrophytes (1976)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 58 (1976), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Trichophyton mentagrophytes ; Thiocyanatopyrazole derivatives ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four thiocyanatopyrazole derivatives were synthesized and their fungistatic activity was demonstrated in vitro against a number of dermatophytic fungi. In Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the most active compound induced an unusual increase of the plasma membrane with production of intra and extracytoplasmic complexes, a deterioration of nuclear and mitochondrial membranes and a formation of autophagic-like vacuoles. Plasmolysis, accompanied by an almost complete disorganization of cytoplasmic structures, seemed to be the final event. A possible mechanism of action of the compounds was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493592
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  • 70
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the labyrinth in the rat full-term placenta (1976)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 123-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat-placenta ; Gap junctions ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The placental labyrinth of the chorioallantoic placenta of the rat was studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Full-term placentas were investigated after perfusion fixation from the maternal and fetal circulation, including thin-sectioning and freeze-fracturing. The labyrinthal three-dimensional structure was found not to be trabecular but spongious lamellar. We propose a division of the lamellae into three groups—the first, second, and third order. The trophoblastic layers are described in detail, showing a cellular layer I and two syncytial layers II and III. Layer I is found to be fenestrated and highly permeable. Layers II and III are connected by extended gap junction areas. It is suggested that the gap junctions function as a molecular sieve and represent the limiting barrier in diaplacental transport of the choriollantoic placenta. Fetal capillaries are fenestrated and endothelial cells are connected by tight junctions. The functional significance of the morphologic findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317893
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  • 71
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of Lewy bodies in the stellate ganglion (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 183-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lewy body ; Electron microscopy ; Parkinsonism ; Dense core vesicles ; Catecholamines ; Mitochondrial inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Lewy body, a characteristic nerve cell inclusion in idiopathic parkinsonism, was examined by electron microscopy in the stellate ganglion, obtained from 9 patients at autopsy. Three main forms of Lewy bodies or Lewy body-related structures were demonstrated: A. Rare filamentous Lewy bodies, similar to Lewy bodies in the central nervous system. B. Granular Lewy bodies in nerve cell processes. C. Abnormal nerve cell processes, filled with heterogenous material. Large dense core vesicles were prominent in the last 2 forms. None of these abnormalities were found in 2 control groups consisting of 9 parkinsonism cases without central nervous system Lewy bodies, and 17 cases without parkinsonism. The filamentous Lewy body (type A) was found in the perikaryon and was surrounded by neuromelanin, whereas the other forms (type B and C) were seen in nerve cell processes. Mitochondrial inclusions, present mainly, but not exclusively, in neuromelanin-containing cells, were not related to Lewy body formation or to parkinsonism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688674
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  • 72
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    Electronic Resource
    Damage of skeletal muscle in rats by immunoglobulins (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunomyopathy ; Muscle disease ; Electron microscopy ; Experimental muscle pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An experimental model of the autoimmune process was developed to study the ultrastructural aspects of immunomyopathies. Every type of muscle fibre organelle was affected and the severity of injury increased in direct proportion to time following immunization. It is suggested that ultrastructural methods are useful in studies concerned with the analysis of structural aspects of experimental immunomyopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688676
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  • 73
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    In vitro characteristics of a sacrococcygeal chordoma maintained in tissue and organ culture systems (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chordoma ; Tissue and organ culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Explants of a human sacral chordoma were successfully maintained on collagen-coated coverslips, gelfoam sponge matrices, and Millipore filter platforms for up to 30 days. Tumor cells cultured on collagen-coated coverslips became increasingly vacuolated whereas those maintained in organ culture were entirely free of vacuoles after 22 days in vitro. A single basic tumor cell, small and polygonal with a large central spherical nucleus and abundant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, was recognized. Vacuoles were formed as the result of the progressive expansion of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Coalescence of these vacuoles produced the physaliferous cell of light microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688940
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Esthésioneurocytome olfactif (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Olfactory esthesioneurocytoma ; Neurosecretory granules ; Microtubules ; Dystrophic axons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One case of malignant tumour of the left nasal cavity is reported in a woman 56 year old, affected by the disease 24 years. Numerous recurrences appeared and various histological diagnoses were performed. At the last surgery, the tumour invaded the ethmoïd and was a typical olfactory esthesio-neurocytoma. By electron microscopy, mature ganglion cells with dense cored vesicles (neurosecretory granules) were densely packed. Neuritic processes with microtubules were rarely normal in size and their content was most often abnormal; furthermore dystrophic axons were noted in great number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690560
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic investigations on a transplantable tumour of the rat, induced by transplacental administration of ENU (ethylnitrosourea) (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurinoma ; ENU ; Prenatal carcinogenesis ; Transplantability ; Metastases ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With a single dose of 80 mg/kg ENU, a tumour originating from the trigeminal nerve was induced transplacentally in the offspring of a Sprague-Dawley rat. The neoplasm diagnosed as a neurinoma, was transplanted over 20 passages to 5 six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats in each case. During this time, the biological behaviour of the tumour as well as its histological appearance were followed. Ultrastructural observations were made of the 20th passage. The tumour caused multiple metastases in the lung and in the lymph nodes of the neck in 30 animals. Recurrences were formed within a week, metastases of the lung appeared from then on in all cases. During the time of transplantation, the neurinoma dedifferentiated histologically so markedly that it was no longer possible to classify the neoplasm as a neurogenous tumour after 20 passages. Ultrastructurally, poorly differentiated Schwann cells could nervetheless be recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685279
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    “PKU Bodies”: Characteristic inclusions in the brain in phenylketonuria (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: PKU bodies ; Demyelination ; Dysmyelination ; Neuroglia ; Inborn errors of metabolism ; Phenylketonuria ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of various inclusions within oligodendroglial cells in the brains from two phenylketonuric patients was studied. Characteristic lamellar, oval, slightly irregular inclusions measured between 0.5 and 2 micra in diameter and were bounded by a single membrane. The longitudinal and transverse lamellae of these inclusions had a distinct pattern. In analogy to lamellated but different inclusions of other diseases, these structures were termed “PKU bodies”. Various possibilities that would explain the morphogenesis of the PKU bodies and other inclusions in the oligodendroglial cells, and the significance of these findings, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699635
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of morphological alterations in the nervous system of metachromatic leucodystrophy (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 369-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leukodystrophy, metachromatic ; Prenatal diagnosis ; Sulphatide accumulation ; Myelination, central, peripheral ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electronmicroscopic findings are reported in a case of metachromatic leukodystrophy diagnosed prenatally who died after iatrogenic abortion during the 23th week of gestation. The brain of this foetus was not yet myelinated while the spinal cord showed early, and the peripheral nerves advanced myelination. The onset and the degree of myelination were similar as in a normal foetus of the same age. Ultrastructurally there was evidence of sulphatide storage before the beginning of myelination. During myelination lysosomal storage material, staining metachromatically in acid cresyl violet preparations, appeared in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Besides sulphatide storage material, prominent amounts of neutral lipids were found in oligodendrocytes. Myelin breakdown was encountered very seldom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699642
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Development of onion bulb neuropathy in the Trembler mouse (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Trembler mouse ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Trembler mouse is a neurological mutant showing dominant inheritance. The peripheral nerves show a delay in myelination, segmental demyelination and the development of an onion bulb neuropathy. Using electron microscopy a comparative morphometric study of nerve fibres in the sciatic nerve in normal and Trembler mice was made. The animals ranged in age from 3 days to adult. The following features were noted: 1. Mean axon diameters of the Trembler mice were smaller than normal at all ages. 2. Myelination was delayed and myelin was thinner than normal in the Trembler mice. 3. The ratio of myelin thickness to axon diameter was reduced in Trembler mice. 4. There were no significant quantitative or qualitative differences observed between middle and distal levels of Trembler nerves. The balance of evidence from these findings and the previous morphological studies is in keeping with the suggestion that the primary lesion resides in the Schwann cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685276
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  • 79
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    The target phenomenon in human muscle (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle pathology ; Target muscle fibre ; Targetoid muscle fibre ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A large number of target fibres is observed in a muscle biopsy from a patient with an acute flaccid paraplegia of the lower limbs due to a polyneuroradiculopathy of unknown origin. With the electron microscope up to 4 structural zones are seen in the target fibers. The histochemical and ultrastructural observations in this case, suggest that the “target fibre” phenomenon is due to a disturbed trophic influence of the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696562
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  • 80
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    Morphological differences between the atrophied small muscle fibres in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle fibres ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Werdnig-Hoffmann disease ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle biopsies from 5 cases of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and 4 cases of ALS were investigated by histology and electronmicroscopy. The differences in morphology found in the atrophic muscle fibres in ALS and in W.H. diesease consisted mainly in the shape and structure of their cells and the number of the nuclei. Atrophic muscle fibres irregular in shape and size with degenerative changes and accumulated nuclei observed in ALS were markedly different from the picture of the fibres in W.H. disease. The presence of small muscle cells uniform diameter with well preserved architecture and single nuclei and numerous myotube-like cells seem to indicate a foetal defect in children with W.H. disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696561
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  • 81
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    Renflement fusiforme d'origine mécanique d'un nerf périphérique. Étude anatomique (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Entrapment neuropathy ; Fusiform nerve enlargement ; Segmental demyelination ; Axonal changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports on the study of a symptomless fusiform enlargement of the superficial peroneal nerve. The swelling was located in the part of the nerve passing through the aponevrosis. On incision of the epineurium small swellings were seen in the nerve fascicles. A fascicular biopsy was done and the fascicles studied by teasing and by optic and electron microscopy. Isolated nerve fiber study gave evidence of segmental demyelinisation with subsequent remyelinisation in almost all the myelinated fibers. These abnormalities were only encountered in the swollen part of the fascicle. A striking proliferation of cells was demonstrated in isolated fibers by counter-staining with hematoxylin. Electron microscopy showed primary demyelinsation and cellular proliferation affecting Schwann-cells (without onion bulb formations), fibroblasts and giant-vacuolated histiocytes. There was also a massive increase of endoneurial fluid. A few Büngner bands were seen. These rare abnormalities appear to be caused by chronic irritation of the nerve in its passage through the aponebrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688942
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  • 82
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    Studies on experimental malignant nerve sheath tumors maintained in tissue and organ culture systems (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 27-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental malignant Schwannomas ; Melanin and melanogenesis ; Tissue and organ culture ; Electron microscopy ; Pigmented nerve sheath tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four melanin pigment-containing intracranial tumors were found in three Long-Evans rats in the course of experimental oncogenesis by transplacental ethylnitrosourea (ENU). One of them was a leptomeningeal melanoma. Aside from the presence of scattered melanin-pigmented cells, the other three had the typical histological features of ENU-induced malignant nerve sheath tumors. Two of the three tumors were studied by electron microscopy and in tissue and organ culture systems. One of them demonstrated progressive melanogenesis in vitro; the other failed to produce more melanin and showed increasing differentiation, with a Schwannoma-like pattern by light microscopy. Melanosomes and premelanosomes were identified in both tumors by electron microscopy; the other fine structural features were those of malignant Schwannomas. These observations are relevant to the controversy on the histogenesis of pigmented nerve sheath tumors occasionally encountered in man and on the relationship of these tumors to pigmented nevi. The findings in the present study support the view of Masson that neoplastic nerve sheath cells are capable of melanogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688941
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  • 83
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    Ultrastructure of the Gunn rat substantia nigra I. Cytoplasmic changes (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 93-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Gunn rat ; Complex membranous bodies ; Bilirubin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The substantia nigra of various aged hyperbilirubinemic (Gunn) rats was studied by means of electron microscopy. The cytological features observed in the neuronal somata were the presence of (1) complex membranous bodies (CMBs), (2) dilated cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, (3) single membrane bound vacuoles and (4) enlarged mitochondria. Nearly every neuronal soma studied in two week old Gunn rats contained CMBs, which consisted of several layers of membrane that usually, but not always, surrounded small islands of cytoplasm. On occasion CMBs were seen to be directly connected with granular endoplasmic reticulum and, in a few instances, they were located within a cistern of endoplasmic reticulum. There were significantly fewer CMBs in the neuronal somata of adult Gunn rats. They were located peripherally in the somata or in the proximal portions of dendrites. Furthermore, in these animals the cytoplasm appeared normal and did not exhibit the features commonly seen in younger animals. Only a few hyperchromatic neurons were observed and no pronounced gliosis was evident. Therefore it is assumed that the majority of substantia nigra neurons recovered from the toxic effect of bilirubin or that the concentration of bilirubin deposited in the substantia nigra is not sufficient to be lethal. The hypothesis that is considered is that CMBs represent autophagic activity which results from exposure of neurons to bilirubin. The adjacent neurites and glia did not demonstrate the cytoplasmic changes that were characteristic of the neuronal somata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690556
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  • 84
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    Whipple's disease of the central nervous system (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Whipple's disease ; Central nervous system ; Granulomatous infiltration ; Electron microscopy ; Bacillary bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Whipple's disease presenting as a neurological disease without gastrointestinal symptoms is an unusual occurrence. A 40 year old man suffered hypersomnia, memory loss and progressive ophthalmoplegia for 6 months prior to death. The nature of his disease was not established during life. Extensive granulomatous inflammation affecting the hypothalamus, hippocampus and periaqueductal gray matter of the brain was found to represent Whipple's disease by electron microscopy. Characteristic lesions were also present in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, small intestine and myocardium. Bacillary bodies and membranous inclusions similar to those seen in visceral lesions of Whipple's disease were present in macrophages. The findings supported the theory of direct involvement of the central nervous system by bacilli rather than a metabolic origin for the lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685145
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  • 85
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    Studies on experimental malignant nerve sheath tumors maintained in tissue and organ culture systems II. Electron microscopy observations (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 293-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental malignant Schwannomas ; Organ culture ; Electron microscopy ; Differentiation ; Microtubules ; Basal lamina ; Perineurial fibroblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sequential electron microscopic features of six malignant nerve sheath tumors (three cranial and three spinal) induced in rats by transplacental ethylnitrosourea and maintained in organ culture systems were compared with those of a human acoustic Schwannoma similarly cultured. After 4 weeks in vitro, the malignant tumor cells often showed progressive elongation of their processes, with the development of an interdigitating pattern resembling that seen in well-differentiated Schwannomas. This was accompanied by an increase of microtubules. Basal lamina formation, less well-developed and less complete than in the benign Schwannoma in this study, was maintained in culture. Some explants demonstrated an increase in number and width of collagen fibrils, accompanied by a relative concomitant decrease of intercellular basement membrane material. The malignant tumor cells also showed numerous micropinocytotic vesicles and various junctional complexes, which are characteristic of perineurial cells. Since the origin of the experimental tumors from adult Schwann cells seems well established, this apparent contradiction is best resolved by the concept that Schwann cells and perineurial fibroblasts are functional variants of the same cell type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696559
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  • 86
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    Vacuolation of oligodendroglia in neoplastic perifocal edema (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic vacuole ; Oligodendroglia ; Brain edema ; Metastatic carcinoma ; Glioma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vacuolation of oligodendroglia, a new type of cytopathological change, has been described. The change is observed frequently at the perifocally edematous cerebral white matter adjacent to the metastatic lesions of carcinoma from the lung in all three cases examined. It is also present occasionally in association with astrocytoma. This condition is characterized by swelling of oligodendroglias due to numerous cytoplasmic vacuolations which contain the material identical with that of the extracellular edema fluid. In such cells, the nucleus is displaced and deformed by vacuoles but the nuclear chromatin and envelopes are arranged normally. By occupation of numerous large vacuoles the cytoplasm is divided into small areas, but the individual organelles are only minimally altered. The oligodendroglial vacuolation seems to be a phagocytic response to the edema fluid which contains proteinous macromolecules derived from blood-borne protein and necrotic material of brain tissue and neoplastic cells. The vacuolation may result in some oligodendroglial dysfunction in maintenance of myelin and probably be related with diffuse loss of myelin sheath in the longstanding brain edema secondary to neoplastic invasion. The vacuolated cells can be identified with light and electron microscopes in Epon-embedded sections of surgically removed tissue but not in paraffin sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688939
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  • 87
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    Dynamic aspects of peripheral nerve changes in progressive neural muscular atrophy (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 211 (1976), S. 111-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve ; Peroneal muscular atrophy ; Nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 2 Patienten mit progressiver neuraler Muskelatrophie wurden Nervenbiopsien jeweils in einem frühen und in einem fortgeschrittenerem Stadium der Erkrankung entnommen und verglichen. In beiden Fällen zeigten bereits die frühen Biopsien ein völliges Fehlen der großkalibrigen, dickbemarkten Axone. Ebenfalls als frühe Veränderung wurde eine Erweiterung des endoneuralen Interstitiums festgestellt. Eine geringe Anzahl der vorhandenen bemarkten und unbemarkten Axone in allen Biopsien wies degenerative Veränderungen auf. Die für die progressive neurale Muskelatrophie typische Zwiebelschalenbildung der Schwannschen Zellen — möglicherweise eine Reaktion auf wiederholte De-und Remyelinisierungsvorgänge um dystrophische Axone — trat erst in den späteren Biopsien deutlicher hervor. Hinsichtlich der formalen Genese der hypertrophischen Neuropathie bei neuraler Muskelatrophie sind nach diesen Beobachtungen axonale Dystrophie und interstitielle Veränderungen des Endoneuriums als primäre Entmarkung und Zwiebelschalenbildung als sekundäre Phänomene zu betrachten. Die Möglichkeit einer kausalen Beziehung zwischen axonaler Dystrophie und interstitiellen Veränderungen wird an Hand der vorliegenden Befunde und Literatur diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Serial nerve biopsies were performed at an early, and at an advanced stage of the disease in 2 patients with progressive neural muscular atrophy. The early biopsy showed a complete loss of the large diameter and thickly myelinated fibres, as well as an expansion of the endoneurial interstitium in both cases. Myelinated and unmyelinated fibres exhibited axonal degeneration in all biopsies occasionally. “Onion bulb” formation, a typical feature of peripheral neuropathy in neural muscular atrophy, was found to be prominent only in the latter biopsies. As regards the formal pathogenesis of hypertrophic neuropathy in neural muscular atrophy, axonal dystrophy and interstitial changes of the endoneurium were regarded as primary phenomena, demyelination and “onion bulb” formation as secondary. A possible causal relation between axonal dystrophy and interstitial changes, observed in these cases, is discussed in the light of the present literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313355
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  • 88
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    Purification, some properties and quaternary structure of thed-ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase ofAlcaligenes eutrophus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: d-Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase ; Oxygenase activity ; Quaternary structure ; Electron microscopy ; Alcaligenes eutrophus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract d-Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase has been purified from autotrophically grown cells of the facultative chemolithotrophic hydrogen bacteriumAlcaligenes eutrophus. The enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 505000 determined by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and a sedimentation coefficient of 18.2 S was obtained. It was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that the enzyme consists of two types of subunits of molecular weight 52000 and 13000. Electron microscopy on the intact and the partially dissociated enzyme lead to the construction of a model for the quaternary structure of the enzyme which is composed of 8 large and 8 small subunits. The most probable symmetry of the enzyme molecule is 4:2:2. Michaelis constant (K m ) values for ribulose 1,5-diphosphate, Mg2-, and CO2 were 0.59 mM, 0.33 mM, and 0.066 mM measured under air. Oxygen was a competitive inhibitor with respect to CO2 suggesting that the enzyme also exhibits an oxygenase activity. The oxygenolytic cleavage of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate was shown and a 1:1 stoichiometry between oxygen consumption and 3-phosphoglycerate formation observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690223
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  • 89
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    Physiology and fine structure of sporangiospore germination in Piptocephalis unispora prior to infection (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Piptocephalis unispora ; Mucorales ; Kickxellaceae ; Electron microscopy ; Germination ; Spore swelling ; Sporangiospore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination of the sporangiospore of Piptocephalis unispora Benjamin, observed by means of light and electron microscopy, involved the formation of a new inner wall which became continous with the inner layer of the wall of the germ tube. The outer wall layer of the germ tube was continous with the original inner wall layer of the dormant spore. Preliminary details of appressorium structure were noted. Nutritional experiments indicated that sporangiospores required external sources of utilisable nitrogen and carbon compounds for maximal swelling and germ tube production. Limited development occurred when either nutrient was supplied singly. Comparison of germination of the asexual spore with that in other Mucorales, especially the Kickxellaceae, has been made, and the merosporangial status in P. unispora discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427874
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  • 90
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    Microfilament bundles in antheridial nuclei of Achlya ambisexualis E 87 (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 113-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Achlya ; Electron microscopy ; Nuclear microfilaments ; Antheridia ; Mycology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This is the first report of intranuclear microfilaments within gametangial nuclei of oömycetous fungi. Longitudinal sections of four to six microfilaments were frequently observed in meiotic antheridial nuclei of Achlya ambisexualis. Each microfilament measured approximately 7–10 nm in diameter. Spindle tubules (25 nm in diameter) were also observed within some of the nuclei possessing microfilaments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427876
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  • 91
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    Electron microscopy of isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis var. niger (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Peptidoglycan ; Electron microscopy ; Bacillus subtilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis have a striated appearance in the electron microscope. The structure persists when teichoic acids are removed. It is inferred that the structure bears on the arrangement of the peptidoglycan chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425135
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  • 92
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    Penetration of Phytophthora cinnamomi into disease tolerant and susceptible eucalypts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 231-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phytophthora ; Penetration ; Eucalypts ; Roots ; Electron microscopy ; Appressoria ; Plugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms of penetration of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands into seedling eucalypt roots were studied by light and electron microscopy. Culture grown seedlings of root-rot tolerant Eucalyptus st johnii and root-rot susceptible Eucalyptus obliqua were inoculated with both zoospores and mycelium. Zoospores encysted on roots of both species and the germ tubes penetrated without the formation of appressoria. Swellings, previously described as appressoria, were formed when the germ tube was slow to enter the host by intracellular penetration. Vegetative hyphae penetrated both inter- and intracellularly into the zones of root elongation and differentiation, often through root hairs. Evidence of hydrolysis of the host cell-wall at the point of penetration was observed in electron micrographs. Several hours after the germ tube penetrated the epidermis, a thick plug of amorphous material formed in the germ tube slightly below the level of the outer walls of the epidermal cells, sealing off the hypha within the root. Behaviour of zoospores and germ tubes and the mechanism of penetration were similar on both hosts. Micrographs do not suggest any kind of a hypersensitive reaction by the host cells during the early stages of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454847
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  • 93
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    The fine structure of Micrococcus radiophilus and Micrococcus radioproteolyticus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Micrococcus radiophilus ; Micrococcus radioproteolyticus ; Bacterial cell walls ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The radiation resistant bacteria Micrococcus radiophilus and M. radioproteolyticus were studied by thin sectioning and freeze-etching techniques and the two species were found to be similar in the fine structure. The only significant difference was in the appearance of the surfaces of the cell walls in freeze-etched preparations. Since the two species, together with M. radiodurans, possess a unique cell wall structure and a cell wall peptidoglycan, which is different from that of other micrococci and Gram-positive cocci, it is recommended that they be reclassified into a new genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425346
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  • 94
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    Alterations in the cell wall of Spirillum serpens VHL early in its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bdellovibrio ; Spirillum ; Cell wall ; Bdelloplast ; Lipoprotein ; Peptidoglycan ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In both freeze-etched and critical-point dried preparations examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, the outer surfaces of the cells of Spirillum serpens VHL assume a wrinkled appearance 10–15 min after challenge by Bdellovibrion bacteriovorus 109D. This wrinkling effect is believed (on circumstantial evidence) to be caused by the bdellovibrio's disruption of the cell wall lipoprotein of the Spirillum. With the exception of those topological changes caused by wrinkling, the outer membrane of the Spirillum cell wall retains a normal appearance as viewed in freeze-etched preparations, even after the Spirillum cell has been converted into a bdelloplast. Although the peptidoglycan layer of the Spirillum cell presumably is weakened somewhat by the invading Bdellovibrio, evidence obtained from freeze-fractured preparations of Spirillum bdelloplasts suggests that the peptidoglycan remains as a discrete cell wall layer, even though the Spirillum cell wall apparently has lost much of its rigidity. That the peptidoglycan backbone remains essentially intact, even after the Spirillum cell has been entered by the Bdellovibrio, is supported by the observation that the soluble amino sugar content of the culture medium, as determined by chemical analysis, does not rise even 5.0 h after the association of the Bdellovibrio with the Spirillum has begun.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425093
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  • 95
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    The cytology of the gametes and fertilization of Allomyces macrogynus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Allomyces ; Gametes ; Fertilization ; Membrane fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gametes and the process of fertilization were examined by light and electron microscopy in the lower eukaryote Allomyces macrogynus. Differences in gamete morphology included the overall larger size and the presence of a larger nuclear apparatus, along with the association of a side-body complex and many more mitochondria in the female gamete. In this species of Allomyces, fertilization was initiated by contact and fusion of specialized regions of the gamete plasma membranes resulting in a binucleate fusion cell surrounded by plasma membrane contributed by both partners. Following plasmogamy, nuclear fusion was initiated by multiple nuclear membrane contacts between adjacent outer membranes. Following inner membrane fusion, small nucleoplasmic bridges were observed which presumably fused with one another and resulted in a single bridge which widened, forming the mature diploid nucleus. After karyogamy, fusion of the nuclear caps did not always occur and zygotes with and without fused caps were observed. Coalescence of the nucleoli completed the events of fertilization, forming a zygote with a single nuclear apparatus (sometimes with two caps) and two flagella. These observations are discussed in relation to fertilization mechanisms and compared to fertilization in other organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425108
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  • 96
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    Structure and composition of intracytoplasmic membranes of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 167-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ectothiorhodospira mobilis ; Photosynthetic membranes ; Electron microscopy ; Isolation of membranes ; Structure of membranes ; Composition of membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lamellar membrane stacks of Ectothiorhodospira mobilis were isolated and purified by a combination of lysozyme and osmotic shock treatment, followed by differential and density gradient centrifugation. Preparations of lamellar membranes were enriched at least 2.4-fold in the ratio of bacteriochlorophyll a to protein. Thin-sectioning, negative staining, platinumcarbon shadowing and freeze-etching were used to study the architecture of the membrane units. Both platinum-carbon shadowing and freeze-etching showed the outer surfaces of the isolated lamellar membrane stacks to be relatively smooth. Particles averaging 7 nm in diameter were seen on several faces following freeze-ctching. Non-polar amino acids amounted to 60% of the total amino acid composition. Lipids constituted 32% of the membrane dry weight. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol were the major phospholipids. Fatty acids of 10–15 carbons represented a small fraction of both membrane and whole cell fatty acids. Monoenes constituted 36% of the total membrane fatty acids and 38.4% of the total whole cell fatty acids. The major fatty acids of both whole cells and purified membranes were C16:0, C18:1 and cyclopropane C19:0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446836
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  • 97
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    Intracelluläre Organisation phagenschwanz-ähnlicher Bacteriocine der Gruppe A in Serratia marcescens (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Serratia marcescens ; (Phage tail) bacteriocin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Genese eines phagenschwanzähnlichen Bacteriocins in Zellen des Gruppe A-bacteriocinogenen (bA+) Serratia marcescens-Stammer Nr. 16 wurde nach Mitomycin C (MC) Induktion elektronenoptisch untersucht. Dieses Bacteriocin (Gesamtlänge 117 nm) besteht aus einem hohlen Stift mit kontraktiler Scheide. Nach 60 min Induktion wurden in Dünnschnitten stäbchenförmige Bacteriocine identifiziert. Sie erscheinen in drei Aggregationsformen: 1. als hexagonale Einschlüsse, 2. als Bänder dicht nebeneinanderliegender Bacteriocine und 3. als Stapel von übereinanderliegenden Bacteriocinschichten, wenn nach 120 min Induktion ein Maximum von ca. 450 Bacteriocinen pro Zelle erreicht wird. Bacteriocine konnten nach der gleichen Induktionszeit von 60 min auch mit der “in situ lysis technique” nachgewiesen werden. Neben Bacteriocinen traten relativ selten und unregelmäßig auch Phagenköpfe auf. Die Stäbchenform teilungsfähiger Zellen blieb bis zum Auftreten von intracellulären Bacteriocinen erhalten. Ihre Umwandlung in geblähte, sphäroplastenähnliche Zellformen, die nach 120 min Induktion lysierten, war zeitlich korreliert mit Feinstrukturveränderungen der Zellwand.
    Notes: Abstract The biosynthesis of a phage tail-like Bacteriocin by cells of the group A-bacteriocinogenic (bA+ Serratia marcescens strain no. 16 after induction with mitomycin C (MC) was examined electronmicroscopically. This bacteriocin (total length 117 nm) consists of a hollow core and a contractile sheath. At 60 min following induction, rod-like bacteriocin-partieles were identifiable in ultrathin sections. The particles were found to comprise three morphologically different forms of aggregation: 1. hexagonal inclusions, 2. contiguous, bank-like particles, and 3. staples of superimposed layers of bacteriocin particles. At 120 min after induction bA+ cells revealed maximally 450 bacteriocin particles. Similarly, the phage tail particles could be demonstrated with the “in situ lysis technique” at 60 min following induction. Occasionally, phage heads were demonstrable, but in no instance were complete phage particles discernible. Dividing cells of the bA+ strain of S. marcescens maintained their rod-form following induction with MC until intracellular phage tail bacteriocin particles were seen. However, at 120 min after induction, the swollen, sphaeroplast-like cells lysed, an event that could be correlated with fine structural alterations of the cell wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446566
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  • 98
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    Specificity of innervation of iris musculature by sympathetic nerve fibres in tissue culture (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 361 (1976), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Tissue culture ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electrophysiology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Irides from 3–5 day old rats have been grown 1–3 mm from superior cervical or lumbar paravertebral sympathetic ganglia in modified Rose chambers. The two muscles of the iris received distinctly different innervation patternsin vitro, and these were similar to those seenin vivo. Varicose, adrenergic fibres were consistently associated with the dilator pupillae rather than with the sphincter pupillae while excitatory, cholinergic junctions developed between the nerve fibres and the muscle cells of the sphincter but not the dilator. There was a lack of specificity shown by the sympathetic neurons during this innervation. Fibres from lumbar ganglia formed plexuses within the dilator similar to those formed by superior cervical fibres, and sympathetic, cholinergic fibres were able to substitute for the normal parasympathetic, cholinergic fibres in the sphincter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583456
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Cellular differentiations and structural characteristics in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma ; Fibroblast ; Vascular cells ; Fibromatosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron-microscopic study of 9 nasopharyngeal angiofibromas was performed in order to elucidate the ultrastructural characteristics. Stromal fibroblasts and proliferating cells of the microvasculature were found. The stromal fibroblasts were subdivided into 3 different groups: (1) “classical” fibroblasts, (2) fibroblasts with histiocytelike features, and (3) fibroblasts with myoid features. By proliferation the cells of the capillary vessels change into stromal cells. A particular pattern of nuclei and dense intranuclear granules is only found in stromal fibroblasts. Consequently fibroblasts as well as cells of the microvasculature contribute to the pool of tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433074
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence histochemical and electron-microscopical observations on the innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 101-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human heart ; Innervation ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The existence of both adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart was demonstrated by means of fluorescence induced by formaldehyde or glyoxylic acid and by electron microscopy. The adrenergic fluorescing axons (1) followed the course of blood vessels as typical perivascular nerve plexuses, and (2) formed a three-dimensional fairly dense nerve net obviously not related to the blood vessels. The varicosities frequently came into close apposition on myocardial cells. Several types of nerve terminals were differentiated at electron microscopy: (1) an “adrenergic” type containing small (diameter 450–700 Å) dense-cored vesicles and usually (in various proportions) small “empty” and/or large (900–1500 Å) dense-cored vesicles, (2) a “cholinergic” type containing small (ca. 500 Å) “empty” vesicles and occasionally also some large (mean diameter ca. 1200 Å) dense-cored vesicles, (3) a “pale” type containing only a few or no vesicles, (4) a “disintegrated” type containing degenerated mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and occasional normal-looking mitochondria, (5) nerve terminals containing a large number of mitochondria in addition to varying vesicle populations, and (6) a (possibly baroreceptive type of) nerve terminal containing myelinlike lamellated structures. The “disintegrated” and the “pale” types of nerve terminals possibly represent different stages of axonal degeneration, or may correspond to diminution in the transmitter substance concentration under certain pathophysiologic conditions, respectively. Nerve terminals crowded with mitochondria may be sensory and involved in mechano-or chemoreceptive functions. In preliminary experiments convincing evidence was obtained that the glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method will be suitable for comparative studies on (human) clinical specimens, e.g., for analyzing the degree of the functional activity of the intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the myocardium under various pathophysiologic conditions. The modification which appeared most appropriate for such studies is described in detail, and is proposed for use as a standard method in other similar or related studies on human clinical series. The essential criteria for analyzing the specimens at fluorescence microscopy are suggested as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444927
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