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  • 1985-1989  (70)
  • 1975-1979  (598)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1988  (70)
  • 1976  (598)
  • Physics  (492)
  • Ultrastructure  (176)
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  • 1985-1989  (70)
  • 1975-1979  (598)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characterisation of macrophages (type A cells) in the synovial lining (1988)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 8 (1988), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Synovium ; Macrophages ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localisation of class II and macrophage antigens has been sought in the intimal layer of the human synovium. The cells described as type A in early morphological studies are shown to express both class II antigens and two markers of the macrophage/monocyte lineage of cells, OKM1 and MAB 24. The morphological type B cells were found to express none of these antigens. The findings are consistent with the idea that the synovial lining comprises two cell types, bone-marrow derived macrophages and mesenchymal fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270456
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagenous colitis: Histologic, morphometric, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Report of 21 cases (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Collagenous colitis ; Myofibroblasts ; Myoid cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined 129 colonic biopsies from 21 patients with collagenous colitis, most of whom presented with diarrhoea. Morphometric measurements gave a mean thickness of the subepithelial collagen deposit of 19.5 µ ± 5.1. The trapped fusiform and/or stellate cells within the deposits were identified immunohistochemically as myoid cells, being positive with antibody against smooth muscle cell alpha-actin. Ultrastructurally, these cells have all the characteristic features of myofibroblasts. Similar cells are also present along the crypts, where they were formerly referred to as pericryptal fibroblasts. Although there is still much debate as to the pathogenesis of this condition, we would like to suggest that collagenous colitis is a disease of pericryptal myofibroblasts. During their migration and maturation into the subepithelial region they may synthesize an excess of collagen, under some yet unknown or undefined stimulus/stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00783020
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lipid rich carcinoma ; Breast ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cases of lipid-rich carcinomas of the breast were investigated ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically for alpha-lactalbumin (ALA), lactoferrin (Lfr) and human milk fat globule membrane antigen (HMFG-2). Staining for ALA and Lfr showed intensive reaction on nearly all of the tumour cells whereas immunoreaction for HMFG-2 revealed positivity in single cells. All tumours were negative for steroid receptor content. Ultrastructurally the tumour cells showed numerous intracytoplasmic non-membrane bound lipid droplets which were often found within autophagocytic vacuoles. Neither rough endoplasmic reticulum nor Golgi complexes showed any sign of lipid synthesis. Extrusion of lipid droplets and extracellular lipid deposition was not observed. In conclusion, our findings do not justify the consideration of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast as a clearly defined group of tumours with specific secretory activity. Therefore, the term lipid-rich carcinoma should be used in preference to lipid-secreting, unless there is evidence of active lipid secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716986
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat scratch disease (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 563-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cat scratch disease ; Epidemiology ; Ultrastructure ; Bacterial morphology ; Warthin-Starry stain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aetiological agent of cat scratch disease (CSD) has been unknown for more than 30 years. Recently, a micro-organism clearly shown with Warthin-Starry silver (W-S) stain was found and thought to be a possible cause of the disease. In this study, 32 cases of regional lymphadenopathy histologically compatible with CSD and 20 contrasting cases of lymphadenopathy were examined retrospectively with W-S stain. W-S positive pleomorphic organisms were clearly demonstrated in 20 of the 32 suspected cases of CSD, but in none of the other cases. The onset of disease in these 20 cases with W-S positive organisms occurred between July and January. This seasonal variation in the onset of disease was highly significant (P〈0.005) and was not due to a single epidemic. Moreover, some characteristic morphological features of the organism were found by electron microscopic observations. Ultrastructurally, the organism was a bacterium showing a chain-like arrangement, septal formation, branching and clubbed ends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00844292
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intralipid and hydrocortisone upon human fetal lung cell cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 188 (1988), S. 411-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Human fetal lung cell cultures ; Lamellar bodies ; Pneumocytes type II ; Intralipid ; Hydrocortisone ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometric analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Organotypic cell culture systems of human fetal lungs of 15, 18, and 26 weeks' gestational age were treated with Intralipid, a phosphatidylcholine-containing lipid mixture, and with hydrocortisone of varying concentrations. The lamellar bodies found in the pneumocytes type II were ultrastructurally identified. Their amount was quantitated by point-counting, a morphometrical method. Intralipid had a stimulating effect upon the surfactant production depending on the concentration admitted. This effect was quantitatively compared to the known effect of hydrocortisone. Intralipid at a concentration of 10−2% produced a significant increase of the relative volume of lamellar bodies (P = 0.05) at a gestational age of 18 weeks. This effect is comparable to hydrocortisone treatment at a concentration of 10−1% (P = 0.05) and 10−3% (P = 0.01). At a gestational age of 26 weeks, Intralipid at a concentration of 10−1% (P = 0.01) stimulated lamellar body production. Hydrocortisone had a similar effect at a concentration of 10−1% (P = 0.01). Intralipid does not pass the placenta-barrier and is locally applied by amniocentesis. Therefore, complications to the maternal organism and probably to the fetuses are negligible. The application of Intralipid represents an alternative method to accelerate antenatal surfactant production and to improve the rate of survival of preterm infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851999
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural identification of Merkel cells around the mouth of the newborn marsupial (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 177 (1988), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Marsupial ; Newborn ; Ultrastructure ; Merkel cells ; Mechanoreceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the epidermal cells surrounding the mouth of three newborn marsupial species, the Northern native cat Dasyurus hallucatus, the brush tail possum Trichosurus vulpecula and the Northern brown bandicoot Isoodon macrourus were examined. The presence of Merkel cells, highly sensitive touch receptors, would suggest that the sense of touch aids the relatively underdeveloped newborn marsupial to move from the urinogenital sinus to the pouch and to locate the teat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304737
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esthesioneuroblastoma: a nasal catecholamine-producing tumor of neural crest origin (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 522-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Esthesioneuroblastoma ; Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Catecholamine-producing tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An esthesioneuroblastoma in a 16-year-old male was studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically, using antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine-synthesizing pathway. Tumor cells were fairly uniform in appearance, showing scantly cosinophilic cytoplasm and round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei, and were arranged in nests and cords of various sizes. Ultrastructurally, individual tumor cells had well-developed cell organelles including polyribosomes, microtubules, intermediate filaments, centrioles, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Secretory-like granules were occasionally found, predominantly in the cell processes. Immunohistochemically, many tumor cells were shown to be immunoreactive for TH. This finding strongly suggested that the present tumor was capable of producing catecholamines and that it might be derived from certain sympathetic neuronal cell nests in the superior nasal cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686393
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with intranuclear vacuolar inclusions: a biopsy case of negative light microscopic findings and successful animal transmission (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Slow virus ; Pathology ; Ultrastructure ; Intranuclear vacuolar inclusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a 53-year-old man with a progressive mental deterioration and myoclonic jerks, brain biopsy failed to show any significant light microscopical findings. Electron microscopy revealed membranebound vacuolar inclusions in many neuronal nuclei as the only prominent finding. Hamsters intracerebrally inoculated with the biopsy material demonstrated typical spongiform changes in the gray structures of the brain when sacrificed on the 309th and 332nd days post inoculation, characteristic of experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). These intranuclear vacuolar inclusions, originally reported in experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in this laboratory, may be a valuable electron microscopic feature in some CJD cases and may play an important role in supporting the diagnosis of CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686980
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytomembranous inclusions in the brain of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: AIDS ; Confronting cylindrical cisterns ; Cytomembranous inclusions ; Tubuloreticular inclusions ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of cells and tissues in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have revealed two distinct cytomembranous inclusions referred to as “tubuloreticular inclusions” (TRI) and “confronting cylindrical cisterns” (CCC). TRI are found most often in leukocytes and endothelial cells in conditions with elevated levels of alpha-interferon, such as viral infections, autoimmune diseases and certain neoplasms. On the other hand, CCC are detected almost exclusively in mononuclear inflammatory cells and are limited to a few conditions, of which AIDS is the most common. CCC have been proposed as an ultrastructural marker for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe CCC in mononuclear inflammatory cells in the brain of a patient with AIDS. Finding CCC in brain tissue with no other specific feature such as multinucleated giant cells, nevertheless, should alert the neuropathologist to the possibility that the patient might have AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687686
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of in vitro fertilization in cattle (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: In vitro fertilization ; Bovine ; Ultrastructure ; Ova ; Spermatozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from cows at an abattoir by aspiration from small (1–6 mm) follicles. The complexes were matured in vitro for 28 h. Subsequently, the cumulus cells and the zona pellucida were removed by enzyme treatment in a proportion of the complexes (zona-free ova). Both cumulus-enclosed and zonafree ova were inseminated in vitro and processed for scanning electron microscopy after different periods of culture. In the cumulus-enclosed ova the number of spermatozoa attached to and penetrating into the cumulus investment increased with increasing culture time. Practically all spermatozoa displayed intact acrosomes. In the zona-free ova clusters of spermatozoa attached to the ovum surface, and at 5 h a proportion of the spermatozoa had undergone the acrosome reaction, and their internalization into the ooplasma was initiated. The acrosome reaction was characterized by an increasing fenestration of the membrane coverings of the acrosomal region of the sperm head. During the sperm head internalization, where the ovum microvilli appeared to contact especially the equatorial segment and the postacrosomal region, the sperm head gradually disappeared from the ovum surface, and the microvilli at the site of internalization became more bulbous. Simultaneous abstriction of the second polar body was seen in some ova.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305012
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural abnormalities of in vitro fertilization of in vitro matured bovine oocytes (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; In vitro fertilization ; Bovine ; Ova ; Cortical granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from cows at an abattoir by aspiration from small (1–6 mm) antral follicles were matured and inseminated in vitro. At different time intervals after insemination the ova were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Up to and including 6 h after insemination all ova were unfertilized, and their cortical granules were more or less clustered. At 6 h acrosome reaction of spermatozoa was observed on the surface of the zona pellucida. At 8 h the first fertilized ovum appeared and the first fully developed spherical pronucleus was observed, at 20 h the first apposition of pronuclei was seen, and at 40 h divisions were ongoing or completed. More than one third of the fertilized ova showed polyspermic penetration of the zona pellucida, and in most of these ova different developmental stages of supernumerary pronucleus formation were observed in the ooplasm. Abnormal cortical granule release was seen in approximately half of the fertilized ova, and it was more frequent in ova with polyspermic as opposed to monospermic penetration of the zona pellucida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305013
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of oxygen concentration on embryonic development in rats: a light and electron microscopic study using whole-embryo culture techniques (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Hyperoxia ; Hypoxia ; Teratogenesis ; Rat embryo ; Whole-embryo culture ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By using a whole-embryo culture technique (New 1978), the effects of oxygen concentration (5%, 20% and 95% oxygen) on embryonic development in the rat were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The best embryonic development occurred when the 9.5-day-old embryos were cultured for 24 h with 5% oxygen, and the 10.5-day-old embryos with 20% oxygen (optimum oxygen concentration). When the 9.5- and 10.5-day-old embryos were cultured for 24 h with too little or too much oxygen, retardation of the embryonic growth and abnormal development was observed. Using light microscopy, numerous degenerating cells, exhibiting granular deposits in the cytoplasm, were seen, but the distribution of the degenerating cells was quite different between the two groups. With electron microscopy, the most striking feature of the degenerating cells in the embryos cultured with too little oxygen, was the extreme swelling of the mitochondria without any morphological alterations of the nucleus or the other cell organelles. On the other hand, the characteristic feature of the degenerating cells in the embryos exposed to too much oxygen, was the formation of phagolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Morphological alterations of the nucleus or mitochondria were not evident. In the present study, the possible teratogenic mechanism of too much or too little oxygen in the whole-embryo culture of the rat embryo is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698664
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of the Sertoli cell during the spermatogenic cycle of the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1988), S. 191-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Sertoli cell ; Spermatogenic cycle ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of Sertoli cells from selected stages of the spermatogenic cycle was assessed by morphometric analysis which showed significant changes in the morphological features of Sertoli cell cytoplasm at the commencement of the cycle (stage II) compared to the middle (stages VII-VIII) and the completion of the cycle (stages IX-XIV). Total volume and surface area of organelles (rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, mitochondria and Golgi) exhibited stage-dependent and cyclic variations as did the total surface area of Sertoli cell plasma membrane. Polarization of cytoplasmic organelles to basal or columnar regions of the Sertoli cell, exhibited particularly by the Golgi, rough ER and lysosomes also showed marked cyclic fluctuations during the spermatogenic cycle. Rough and smooth ER exhibited the most dramatic stage-dependent changes in total volume and surface area the former being respectively largest and smallest in stages VII-VIII and XIII-XIV, the latter organelle presenting the reverse pattern in these two groups of stages. Similar stage-dependent alterations of lysosome volume and surface area were also noted, being maximal during stages XIII-XIV-II and reaching a nadir at stage VIII. Although the functional role of most Sertoli cell organelles and inclusions remain largely unknown, the present study suggests that the cyclic and stage-dependent variations in ultrastructure probably reflect major changes in Sertoli cell function necessary for the regulation of the spermatogenic cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304701
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations in port wine stains (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 280 (1988), S. 338-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Port wine stain ; Endothelium ; Basement membrane ; Collagen ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cause for the progressive vascular dilatation in port wine stains remains unclear. We compared the histology and ultrastructure of lesional and adjacent normal skin in paired biopsy specimens of 12 and 8 patients, respectively (age range, 6 to 53 years). In semithin sections, the lesions of all patients showed ectatic vessels and a fine-fibrous or hyaline thickening of the walls of postcapillary venules, as well as in some instances a loosening of the surrounding connective tissue. Ultrastructurally, the wall material consisted predominantly of peripheral deposits of amorphous material interspersed with collagen fibrils (diameter, 35±4 nm); occasionally the number of basal laminae in the inner part was also increased. Cross-banded filamentous aggregates with a periodicity of 95 nm were observed in and around the walls. The endothelium of many patients displayed fenestrations and/or small gaps. Various kinds of alterations of the intervascular connective tissue were found. We conclude that structural alterations of the vascular and later also of the intervascular connective tissue are related to the dilatation of the vessels. These findings are in agreement with the immunopathologically demonstrated increase of basement membrane components in the same biopsy specimens, but are interpreted as secondary phenomena. Endothelial stability and permeability may also be affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426611
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural pathology in emetine-induced myopathy (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 577-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic bodies ; Emetine ; Myopathy ; Sarcomeric lesions ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Progressive myopathy developed in two women who consumed ipecac syrup containing emetine hydrochloride to induce vomiting as part of their anorexia nervosa. Muscle biopsy specimens were characterized by severe disruption of the sarcomeres. The ultrastructural spectrum extended from “Z-band streaming” to the formation of cytoplasmic bodies and also comprised abnormalities of the sarcotubular system, thus suggesting that muscle weakness may be related to both sarcomeric and sarcotubular lesions in this self-inflicted myopathy. It is tempting to suggest that muscle weakness may be correlated with or based on the pathology in sarcomeres and the sarcotubular system. As the myopathy is clinically reversible upon discontinuation of ipecac consumption the morphological findings should also be potentially reversible. Experimentally induced emetine myopathy may, thus, serve as a useful model to study morphological dynamics of sarcomeric lesions, which may be observed separately or simultaneously in a variety of spontaneously occurring human neuromuscular disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686202
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of chromatolytic neurons in an adult-onset sporadic case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Chromatolysis ; Ultrastructure ; Motor neuron disease ; Hyaline intraneuronal inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural features of chromatolytic neurons observed in a sporadic case with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are reported. A 70-year-old woman died of weakness and atrophy of the four limbs, bulbar and facial muscles, and hyperreflexia, of 3 1/2 years' duration. Neuronal loss was marked in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, with degeneration of the pyramidal tracts. Most of the remaining neurons showed chromatolysis. Some of the chromatolytic neurons contained faintly eosinophilic inclusions with a halo. Few spheroids were observed. Hypoglossal nuclei, nucleus ambiguus, motor nuclei of N. VII and N.V were well populated, but contained several chromatolytic neurons. Ultrastructurally, the chromatolytic neurons contained aggregates of fibrils thicker than the 10-nm neurofilaments. These fibrils were arranged randomly, and were closely associated with granular materials as well as rough endoplasmic reticulum. Neurofilamentous accumulations reported to be common in sporadic ALS were rare in this case. No Bunina body was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687142
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new type of cytoplasmic inclusion in human choroid plexus (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Choroid plexus ; Cytoplasmic inclusion ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We described a new type of cytoplasmic inclusion in the choroidal epithelial cells of humans. The inclusions usually appeared as brown, round or elongated bodies with or without an inner core, ranging in size from 1.3 to 7.0 μm. Histochemically, they contained polysaccharides, proteins and compound lipids. Ultrastructurally, they were composed of finely granular and filamentous materials, which are densely packed in the inner core and less dense in the outer zone. The frequency study of the inclusions in 197 autopsied patients revealed that their occurrence had no correlation with the age or the disease category. It is concluded that the inclusions are a nonspecific, but peculiar, change of the choroidal epithelial cells, probably representing the morphological expression of a physiological or pathological alteration of the cellular metabolism at the single-cell level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687675
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenesis of pili annulati (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 280 (1988), S. 308-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Pili annulati ; Ultrastructure ; DACM staining ; Hair cortex ; Protein metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plucked scalp hairs and hair roots of pili annulati were examined to understand their pathogenesis. Stereoscopic examinations of hairs in transmitted light and/or reflected light and light microscopic surveys of the cross-sections of hairs confirmed that the cortical empty spaces appeared to be responsible to the unique dotted shiny appearance of the hairs seen by the unaided eyes under a refracted light. By transmission electron microscope, small vacuoles and dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of the differentiating cortical cells; subsequently, with increasing number of tonofilaments, an uneven distribution of free ribosomes occurred and abnormal spaces containing fine granular substances were formed in the cytoplasm of the cortical cells. Occasionally, extremely large cortical trichohyaline granules were found. In the keratinized hair, irregular empty spaces were present in the cortex of the abnormal hair segments. Histochemically, the keratinized cortex of the affected hairs always had more residual SH groups than the controls. Pili annulati may be a disorder of protein metabolism involving a partial dysfunction of cytoplasmic ribosomes, resulting in a lack of cortical keratin formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440605
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural alterations of collagen fibrils in the reactive type of elastosis perforans serpiginosa (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 280 (1988), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Elastosis perforans serpiginosa ; Collagen fibrils ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440606
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of AF64A on the cholinergic systems of the retina and optic tectum of goldfish (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 455-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cholinergic toxin ; Retina ; Optic tectum ; ChAT ; Ultrastructure ; Goldfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary AF64A, a presumed selective cholinergic neurotoxin has been used to study the effect on cholinergic systems of the goldfish retina and optic tectum. Toxin injection in the vitreum and in the optic tectum caused a selective decrease of choline acetyltransferase activity in both areas, while no significant decrease of glutamate decarboxylase and D-3H aspartate uptake were observed at different times after the injections. The effect was particularly dramatic in the retina of long term-injected animals, where choline acetyltransferase dropped to practically zero level. The ultrastructural analysis showed selective degeneration of some neurons in the amacrine and ganglion cell layer of the retina as well as of synaptic terminals and neuronal cell bodies in the optic tectum. The results favour a selective cholinotoxicity of AF64A in fish nerve tissue at doses substantially higher than those found to have additional unselective effects in mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247593
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin-immunoreactivity in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 69 (1988), S. 662-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Monkeys ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin-immunoreactivity in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus appears as a plexus of fine, beaded fibers decreasing in density from magnocellular to parvocellular laminae. Ultrastructurally, these fibers show strictures and dilations, and are filled with dense round particles as well as granular material attached to outer mitochondrial membranes and microtubules. Most of the profiles followed in serial sections lack morphologically defined synapses. The few synapses observed are asymmetric, some with subjunctional dense bodies. This appearance suggests a possible excitatory effect mainly on interneurons which in turn would inhibit principal cells. Serotonin released non-synaptically may block the delivery of transmitters from retinal terminals and/or the receptors for such transmitters, thereby exerting a modulatory depressing action on principal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247318
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen-induced alterations in synaptic morphology in the midbrain central gray (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 69 (1988), S. 522-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Estrogen ; Synapse ; Ultrastructure ; Midbrain central gray ; Lordosis behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Axons of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) neurons have been previously shown to terminate in the midbrain central gray (MCG) (Chung et al. 1984, 1986). Since VMH synapses in this region may be involved in the mediation of estrogen-induced lordosis behavior, we examined the effect of estrogen on the morphology of synapses in the MCG. Ovariectomized adult female rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate (10 μg) or the vehicle control and after 20 days of injection, only the estrogen-treated rats showed the lordosis response. A quantitative analysis of MCG tissue from these animals demonstrates morphological changes in various synaptic parameters with estrogen treatment including: 1) an increase in the mean number of dense-cored vesicles and an increase in the number of terminals containing densecored vesicles, 2) an increase in the length of postsynaptic densities (PSDs), 3) an increase in the number of PSDs showing perforations, 4) an increase in the number of synapses, and 5) an increase in the number of synapses with positive synaptic curvature. No alterations in the number of subjunctional bodies were observed. The dense-cored vesicles may contain an estrogen-induced trophic factor which may function in maintaining the integrity of postsynaptic processes and cells in the MCG with which VMN endings contact (Chung et al. submitted) and/or which induces morphological changes in postsynaptic structures which facilitate the effects of estrogen on lordosis behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247306
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinnervation of dopamine neurons by regenerating serotonin axons in the rat medial zona incerta (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 72 (1988), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Zona incerta ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular relationships between serotonin (5-HT) axons and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons were examined by combined (3H)5-HT uptake radioautography and TH immunocytochemistry in the medial zona incerta (ZI) of adult rats, 7 and 50 days after an intracerebral injection of 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Seven days post-lesion, only rare, scattered (3H)5-HT-labeled axon terminals were apparent in the zone of the medial ZI accessible to intraventricularly injected (3H)5-HT. In contrast, in sham-injected animals (3H)5-HT-labeled varicosities were numerous and often observed adjacent to TH-immunoreactive perikarya and dendrites. Fifty days post 5,7-DHT injection, the density of (3H)5-HT-labeled terminals approximated that seen in sham-treated animals. At the ultrastructural level, these regenerated 5-HT axons were similar in size, shape and content to those observed in sham-operated rats. Also, as in sham, some of the (3H)5-HT-labeled axons were directly apposed to TH-immunopositive labeled profiles. The latter included large dendritic shafts and dendritic spines, but only rare perikarya. In both sham- and 5,7-DHT-treated animals a few of the contacts between (3H)5-HT-labeled and TH-immunoreactive profiles exhibited an asymmetric synaptic differentiation. These results indicate that 5-HT fibers in the medial ZI, following regeneration, can reestablish normal relationships and even synapses with a given population of chemically identified cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250592
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-fertilization degeneration of both synergids in Brassica campestris ovules (1988)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 1 (1988), S. 208-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Megagametophyte ; Synergids ; Brassica campestris ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In Brassica campestris, both synergids of the ovule degenerate before the arrival of the pollen tube. Synergid degeneration does not depend on pollination. At the non-degenerated stage, the synergids are completely filled with a complexly organized cytoplasm containing numerous mitochondria with many cristae, a large number of dictyosomes with many associated vesicles, and a very extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. The degenerative changes that occur in the cytoplasm of the synergids are characterized by a loss of visibility of the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and the simultaneous formation of dense deposits on the surrounding membranes of the mitochondria. Locally, the plasma membranes of the synergids disappear, and some ground plasma of the synergids penetrates into the space between the plasma membranes of the egg cell and the central cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189154
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium induced changes in cell organelles: an ultrastructural study using cadmium sensitive and resistant muntjac fibroblast cell lines (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 62 (1988), S. 133-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Ultrastructure ; In vitro ; Nucleus ; Cytoplasm ; Muntjac
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A detailed electron microscopy study of cadmium sensitive and resistant muntjac fibroblast cell lines has identified a wide range of intracellular damage following exposure to cadmium. Damaged organelles included cell membrane, mitochondria, Golgi cisternae and tubular network, chromatin, nucleoli, microfilaments and ribosomes. Although cell membrane damage was generally the earliest indication of adverse cadmium action, particularly with continuous cadmium exposures, cells could tolerate extensive membrane loss. Mitochondrial distortion and some damage to Golgi was also tolerated. The turning point at which cadmium became lethal was generally marked by a cascade of events which included damage to both nuclear and cytoplasmic components. These results for fibroblasts are discussed and compared with damage reported in other types of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570131
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of infantile phytanic acid storage disease: clinical, biochemical and ultrastructural findings in two children treated for 2 years (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Infantile Refsum disease ; Phytanic acid ; Dietary treatment ; Peroxisomes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients with infantile phytanic acid storage disease (infantile Refsum disease), one of whom showed the presence of morphologically normal peroxisomes in a liver biopsy, were treated with a low phytanic acid diet for more than 2 years and the effects of treatment on certain clinical, biochemical and ultrastructural parameters were examined. Both patients showed evidence of either an improvement or stabilisation in their clinical condition. Plasma phytanic acid levels decreased to near normal values in approximately 6 weeks after the introduction of the diet; plasma pipecolic acid also declined markedly but the decrease was not so rapid and its level remained abnormal. C26∶C22 fatty acid ratios decreased very slowly and even after 2 years the values remained grossly abnormal. Despite the marked reduction of phytanic acid in the liver, there was an increase in the C26∶C22 fatty acid ratios and this appeared to be paralleled by an increase in inclusion bodies. Our data suggest that some patients with the infantile form of Refsum disease may show some clinical benefit from dietary management and this is reflected biochemically by decreases in the plasma levels of phytanic acid and pipecolic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442210
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and cytochemical examination of the nuclear crystalloid inclusions of Olea europaea L. mesophyll cells (1988)
    Springer
    Trees 2 (1988), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Nuclear crystalloid inclusions ; Olea europaea ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The nuclei of mesophyll cells of olive trees contain numerous sizeable crystalloid inclusions. Cytochemical examination using epoxy resin-embedded, semithin-sectioned tissue indicated the presence of proteins and oligoor polysaccharides in these inclusions. Their electron microscopical analysis revealed a crystalline substructure consisting of intersected subunits of high order. The spacing of the lattice fibrils and the angles of intersection were determined and used to establish a model of the unit cell of crystallization. It is suggested that the nuclear crystalloids of olive trees consist of glycoprotein molecules. They differ from the intranuclear crystalloids observed in other species predominantly in the high density of their subunit arrangement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202381
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary malignant astrocytoma of the cerebellum in children (1988)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 4 (1988), S. 306-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Malignant astrocytoma ; Glioblastoma ; Cerebellum ; Children ; Cytofluorometric DNA analysis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case of a 1-year-old girl with primary malignant astrocytoma of the cerebellum is presented with special reference to ultramicroscopic study and cytofluorometric DNA analysis. The routine light microscopic study was not pathognomonic because of the immaturity of the composing cells. The glial fibrillary microfilaments characteristic of astroglial cells were confirmed by means of electron microscopy. Cytofluorometrically, the DNA histogram of this case revealed a prominent peak in the 4C region, with considerable dispersion to the 8C region, indicating the polyploidic and heterogeneic pattern of malignant tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271931
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic diabetes mellitus on the electrical and contractile activities,45Ca2+ transport, fatty acid profiles and ultrastructure of isolated rat ventricular myocytes (1988)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 411 (1988), S. 564-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Isolated cardiac myocytes ; Electrical activity ; Contraction ; Fatty acids ; Ultrastructure ; Diabetes mellitus, experimental ; Streptozotocin ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chronic experimental diabetes on electrophysiological properties, contractile behavior,45Ca2+ transport, fatty acid profiles and ultrastructural characteristics were studied in enzymatically dissociated ventricular myocytes. Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin administration and animals were killed 8–10 weeks later. Myocytes from diabetic rats exhibited electrical behavior similar to that of myocytes from control rats, but their contractile properties were altered. Their sensitivity of the twitch contractions to various positive and negative inotropic agents (isoproterenol, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, acetylcholine, ouabain and veratridine) was greatly diminished. However, a part of the contractile response (the tonic, sustained contractions) were increased in the diabetic myocytes, indicating that the changes are not caused by a decreased sensitivity of myofilaments. Furthermore, the diabetic myocytes exhibited also significant decrease in total Ca2+ content. The fatty acid profile in the diabetic group was changed mainly in that there were slightly elevated levels of docosahexaenoic acid and diminished levels of palmitic acid. The ultrastructure of the diabetic myocytes was affected only slightly. These investigations offer for the first time a comprehensive picture of changes related to diabetic cardiomyopathy as they occur at the level of cardiomyocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582379
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope localisation of insulin-like immunoreactivity of conventionally processed human insulinomas (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Insulin ; Insulinomas ; Ultrastructure ; Immunogold technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localisation of insulin-like immunoreactivity has been studied using the immunogold staining procedure on thin sections of 6 human insulinomas, conventionally processed for electron microscopy. The labelling was restricted to the secretory granules. Depending on their morphology, these either resembled B-cell granules of human adult pancreas or belonged to the atypical (non-diagnostic) group. Within the former group, those with a crystalloid core or an amorphous dense or moderately dense core were strongly immunoreactive, whereas others, filled with a pale material, were poorly labelled. Most granules of this type were stored together within the heavily granulated cells of 3 insulinomas, presenting the classical features of clinical and biological behaviour and a typical light microscopic staining pattern. In contrast, the non-diagnostic granules, characterized by their smaller size, a very dense core and a thin halo, were mainly found within the poorly granulated cells making up the other tumours, and showed a very uneven labelling. Strongly labelled granules were found in one insulinoma that also belonged to the classical type; these were stored together with a few diagnostic granules within the same cells. Only poorly labelled atypical granules were present in two cases revealing a number of unusual features; these included moderate elevation of insulinaemia, uncertain tumour histology, as well as weak immunostaining for insulin/proinsulin and variable argyrophilia of the tumour in paraffin sections. These findings suggest that human insulinomas differ not only in storage capacity but also in their degree of granule maturation. This may involve some deficiency of either the prohormone conversion or the subsequent processing of the cleavage products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750578
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid detection by malachite green-aldehyde in the dental basement membrane in the rat incisor (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 685-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basement membrane ; Lipids ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Developing rat incisors were treated with malachite green-aldehyde fixative solution (MGA), which retains and stains lipids. We observed positive staining occurring as dots in the basement membrane. Most of these dots (2–3.5 nm in diameter) were grouped in the lamina densa but some were also present in the lamina lucida and the lamina fibroreticularis. These data provide evidence for the existence of lipids in the dental basement membrane and suggest that they are distributed together with the various groups of proteins so far detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219762
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholaminergic nerves in the embryonic chick ovary: co-localization with β2-adrenoceptor-bearing steroidogenic cells (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenergic nerves ; Steroidogenic cells ; Embryonic ovary ; β 2Adrenoceptors ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study investigates the innervation of the embryonic chick ovary with regard to (i) development and compartmentalization of catecholaminergic nerves, and (ii) presence of adrenoceptors on steroidogenic target cells of catecholaminergic nerve terminals. Catecholaminergic nerve fibers visualized by glyoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence first appeared at embryonic day (E) 13. From E15 through E21 the density of fluorescent aminergic nerves increased markedly in parallel with the concentration of catecholamines and numbers of nerve bundles and single axons seen at the electron-microscopic level. Catecholaminergic nerves were confined to the ovarian medulla and closely associated with interstitial cells. Nerve terminals approached interstitial cells up to a distance of 20 nm and, in their majority, exhibited uptake of the false adrenergic transmitter 5-hydroxydopamine. Although adrenaline amounted to 14% of the total catecholamine content at E21, adrenaline immunoreactivity was only detected in adrenal chromaffin cells, but not in nerve fibers or cell bodies within the ovary. Interstitial cells structurally matured between E15 and E21 as documented by an increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and tubular mitochondria. Monoclonal antibodies mAB 120 and BRK 2 raised against avian β 1 and mammalian β 2-adrenergic receptors revealed the presence of β 2-adrenoceptor-like immunoreactivity on the surface of interstitial cells, but not on any other cell type. The results are consistent with the notion of a dense adrenergic innervation of the embryonic chick ovarian medulla and its steroidogenic interstitial cells, and suggest the chick ovary as an excellent model for elucidating the functional role of a neural input to steroidogenic cells during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220010
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pattern of organization of intermediate filaments and their asymmetrical association with dense bodies in smooth muscle of an ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Intermediate filaments ; Dual network ; Ultrastructure ; Ascidian ; Halocynthia roretzi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An extensive network of intermediate filaments that interconnected cytoplasmic dense bodies and connected the dense bodies to the cell surface was revealed in double-fixed, tannic acid-stained preparations of ascidian smooth muscle. The filament network ran through spaces in the continuous network of myofibrils, connecting them longitudinally, obliquely and transversely to form an intimately associated, dual network. In their transverse passage, the intermediate filaments ran across myofibrils along I-zones exclusively, interconnecting successive dense bodies. The pattern of attachment of intermediate filaments to dense bodies was predominantly “one-sided.” The filaments, which themselves were not incorporated into the contractile apparatus, remained folded or unfolded between myofibrils and between sarcomere-like structures in synchrony with the contraction-relaxation cycles. These results suggest that the intermediate filaments mechanically maintain the organization and arrangement of myofibrils via an intimate association with the myofibrils in the regions of the dense bodies, in such a way that the filaments do not impede muscle function. Based on these observations, a new model for the network of intermediate filaments in smooth muscle cells is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213822
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the tentacles of the apodous holothurian Leptosynapta spp (Holothurioidea: Echinodermata) with special reference to the epidermis and surface coats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tentacles ; Ultrastructure ; Adhesion ; Leptosynapta spp (Holotheorie) ; Echinodermata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tentacles of the apodous holothurian Genus Leptosynapta have been studied by use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The gross anatomy, water vascular system, fibre systems and ectoneural nerve ring are described. A fuzzy coat of attenuated filaments covers the surface of the tentacle, broken only by secretory ducts. A cuticle underlies the fuzzy coat. Bacteria are common in the subcuticular space. Fixation without osmium gives poor preservation of the surface coats. The epidermis consists of a single layer of columnar cells consisting of Type-1, Type-2, support, goblet and uniciliated cells. Type-1 cells secrete electron-dense material and appear to be homologous to adhesive cells of the tentacles of other holothurians. The support cells contain large, granular vesicles not found in other holothurians. Goblet cells contain flocculent mucus and have an apical cilium. Goblet cells are not found in other holothurian tentacles and may function to lubricate and wrap adhering particles to aid their ingestion. The uniciliated cells are rare, poorly developed and the cilium does not extend past the cuticle. The ultrastructure of the tentacles is discussed in relation to those of other holothurians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215848
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the lung of two newborn marsupial species, the northern native cat, Dasyurus hallucatus, and the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 683-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Ultrastructure ; Marsupial ; Newborn ; Surfactant ; Dasyurus hallucatus, Trichosurus vulpecula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lungs of newborn northern native cats, Dasyurus hallucatus and newborn brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula were examined by both light and electron microscopy. The native cat has a birth weight of 18 mg after a gestation of about 21 days, whereas the brushtail possum weights 200 mg at birth and has a gestation period of 17.5 days. The lungs of the native cat are two large respiratory sacs, with a respiratory lining of squamous cells and surfactant-secreting cells. The capillaries are located within the connective tissue just below this respiratory epithelium. The visceral covering of the lung is formed by squamous cells. The lungs of the possum are composed of numerous large respiratory sacs which are separated by connective tissue septa in which the capillaries are located. The sacs, as in other species, are lined with squamous cells and surfactant secreting cells. It is proposed that the structure of the lung of the newborn marsupial is related more to the size of the newborn rather than to the length of the gestation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216657
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Vascular response in a non-uterine site to implantation-stage embryos in the rat and guinea-pig: in vivo and ultrastructural studies (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Implantation ; Embryo ; Ultrastructure ; Vasculature ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley) ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preimplantation-stage embryos were transferred to the anterior eye chamber of recipient rats and guinea-pigs. After implantation had occurred the influence of the embryo on the iris vasculature was examined ultrastructurally. In both species, the earliest effect of embryonic implantation was an increased stromal oedema. Under increasing embryonic influence the vascular endothelial cells showed an increased number of projections into the vascular lumen, while in the rat, endothelial projections were also found pushing back into the basement membrane. In the rat, the endothelium became very irregular in thickness prior to complete disintegration and loss during more advanced stages of implantation. Rat embryonic trophoblast was found invading iris vasculature, particularly in areas where the iridial endothelium was partially or completely missing. Other cells in the iris, including the stroma, appeared to be less affected. In the guinea-pig, however, trophoblast cells appeared to be capable of invading the vasculature by displacing endothelial cells that still appeared morphologically normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220037
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of the accessory cells of neuromasts in the salamander Pleurodeles waltlii (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral-line sense organs ; Mechanoreceptors ; Supporting cells ; Ultrastructure ; Pleurodeles waltlii (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural and histochemical features of the accessory cells of the neuromast of the salamander P. waltlii have been examined. Three types of accessory cells, supporting, mantle, and basal, were found, but only the first 2 are considered in this article. Supporting cells characterized by a highly dilated endoplasmic reticulum occur among and surrounding sensory cells. Mantle cells, morphologically different from the supporting cells, surround the remainder of the neuromast. Both types of accessory cells exhibit histochemically different secretory materials. Our morphological results suggest that both accessory cells contribute to the formation of cupular material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220039
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a short light pulse at night on the ultrastructure of the rat pinealocyte: a quantitative study (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 247-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pinealocyte ; Light exposure ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although it is generally known that light strongly influences N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin production in the pineal gland, little information is available concerning morphological changes following light exposure. As exposure of rats to a short light pulse at night rapidly depresses melatonin synthesis, we decided to determine whether this experimental condition produces rapid changes in the pinealocyte organelles. A 30-min light pulse at night (six hours after lights out) provoked rapid changes in the relative volumes of some pinealocyte organelles. The volume fractions of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and lipid droplets, and the numbers of dense-core vesicles and “synaptic” ribbons decreased, whereas the volume fraction of lysosomes increased. There were no differences in the volumes of granular endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles containing flocculent material in those animals exposed to light compared with control animals. These results indicate that a short light pulse at night causes ultrastructural changes that can be interpreted as morphological features of diminished activity of pinealocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220041
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurosecretory centers from the eyestalk of Siriella armata M. Edw. (Crustacea: Mysidacea): ultrastructural variations during normal and experimentally inhibited molt cycle (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 381-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: X-organ ; Sinus gland ; Ultrastructure ; Cyclic activity ; Siriella armata (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the medulla interna-medulla externa X-organ (MI-ME Xo)-sinus gland (SG) complex in the eyestalk of Siriella armata is described during the normal and the experimentally inhibited molt cycle. In the normal SG, four types of neurosecretory axon terminals, each containing distinguishable neurosecretory granules, can be described. Thus, type-2 granules are synthesized by G1 neurons forming the MI-ME Xo. The cell bodies and axonal endings of these cells in the sinus gland have been examined at the following molt stages: intermolt (stage C4), premolt (D0 and D2), and postmolt (A1, A2 and B). Changes in ultrastructure of the G1 cells have been monitored and correlated to inhibitions of the molt-and reproductive cycle produced by electrocauterization of the MI-ME Xo. The results obtained suggest that the neurosecretion from the G1 cells exerts a positive influence on molt and brood preparation. The occurrence of a distal group of G1 cells whose axons terminate at a different site from the SG suggests that the neural factors of the MI-ME Xo are diverse and control different physiological activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225810
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Study of neuropeptide Y-containing nerve fibers in the human penis (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ; Penis erection ; Perivascular nerve fibers immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuropeptide Y 1–36 (IR-NPY) immunoreactive nerve-fiber processes have been observed in tunicae of veins and arteries and in smooth muscles of the human penis taken at autopsy or during surgery by use of light-and electron-microscopic immunohistochemical techniques. Numerous IR-NPY nerve fibers were mostly concentrated in the inner part of the adventitia close to the media of the arterial and venous vessels and among the intracavernous smooth muscle cells. IR-NPY nerve fibers were less abundant in veins than in arteries. Positive somata were not observed in the penises. At the ultrastructural level, IR-NPY were localized exclusively in large, dense granules of nerve terminals by means of the postembedding immunogold technique. In the deep dorsal vein, IR-NPY nerve fibers were also located in the media formed by an outer circular and an inner longitudinal layer. In the intracavernous and dorsal arteries, they showed the highest density in the inner part of the adventitia. In the corpora cavernosa and in the corpus spongiosum, IR-NPY nerve processes were intermingled between the smooth-muscle fibers around the sinusoid spaces. IR-NPY nerve fibers were present in the cavernous nerves close to the central arteries. The urethra did not show any IR-NPY-positive nerve fibers. This peculiar distribution of IR-NPY nerve fibers suggested that they could participate in regulating arterial and venous blood flow and intracavernous smooth-muscle tone. NPY may therefore be of importance in some of the mechanisms of penile erection especially during detumescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220018
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    Electronic Resource
    Implantation of cultured thymic fragments in congenitally athymic (nude) rats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Cultured thymic fragments ; Epithelial cells ; Microenvironment ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (nude)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cultured thymic fragments correspond to the thymic microenvironment depleted of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. When these fragments are implanted under the kidney capsule of congenitally athymic rats, lymphocytes and dendritic cells of host origin enter the graft and induce thymus-dependent immunity in the recipient. This paper describes the ultrastructure of the fragments and the changes that occur during the restoration of normal thymic architecture. At the end of the culture period of 6–9 days and in the early stages after implantation, the grafts consist of keratin-containing epithelial cells of unusual morphology that can be labelled with antibodies raised against the epithelium of the mid/deep cortex and the subcapsule/medulla. Normal thymic architecture develops, including nerves and blood vessels, as lymphocytes populate the environment, and by 4–6 weeks the epithelial cells are the same phenotypically and ultrastructurally as those found in normal rat thymus. However, some areas without lymphocytes still contain the atypical epithelial cells seen before implantation. Large multinucleated giant cells are also present with a few associated epithelial cells of subcapsular/medullary phenotype. In conclusion, the cultured thymic fragments contain a hitherto unknown precursor epithelial cell with an atypical ultrastructure and phenotype that is not seen in normal development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225801
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of mitosis and cytokinesis in normal ‘resting’ human breast (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 581-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Normal resting breast ; Ultrastructure ; Mitosis ; Cytokinesis ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The parenchyma of the normal “resting” human breast was examined by electron microscopy to characterize the cells undergoing mitosis and the mechanism by which the normal tissue architecture is maintained during this process. In this study of 112 mitotic cells, it was found that the mitotic cells were luminally positioned, polarised epithelial cells with no evidence of myoepithelial cell division. Ultrastructurally, the nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were consistent with previous reports of mitosis in other tissues. However, unlike all previous reports, two specific orientations of the nuclear spindle and thus the planes of cytokinesis were observed. In a few cases the spindle formed parallel to the lumen and division resulted in two luminally positioned daughter cells. However, in the majority of mitotic cells the spindle was approximately at right angles to the lumen and this orientation resulted in a luminally and a basally positioned daughter cell. It is proposed that the abnormally positioned basal daughter cell could develop into a myoepithelial cell or undergo deletion (apoptosis). Thus the two orientations of mitosis may explain the mechanism by which the epithelial and myoepithelial cell populations were maintained by a single progenitor cell without disrupting the integrity of the tissue architecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216645
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the ovarian medulla in the newly hatched chick treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Steroid-secreting cells ; Ultrastructure ; Chorionic gonadotropin ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of the ovarian medulla of the newly hatched white leghorn chick were studied in control animals and compared with chicks that were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin during embryonic development. The ovarian medulla was mainly occupied by epithelial cells which formed cords or islets surrounded by a basal lamina. Within this epithelial compartment, steroidogenic cells, poorly differentiated cells and a lacunary system could be recognized. When chicks were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, steroidogenic cells became discernible; there was an increment in the amount of cytoplasm and the area of mitochondria. Poorly differentiated cells exhibited signs of stimulation, and transitional images suggested the transformation of these cells into steroidogenic cells. The epithelial cells of the lacunar system also displayed stimulated cytoplasmic organelles. Evidence was supplied suggesting that relatively undifferentiated cells persist in the ovarian medulla until hatching and can develop into steroidogenic cells under gonadotropic stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219758
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the ascidian endostyle (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endostyle ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Granules ; Ciona intestinalis ; Corella parallelogramma, (Tunicata) ; Ascidia mentula (Tunicata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular and subcellular distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the endostyle of three species of ascidians, Ciona intestinalis, Corella parallelogramma, Ascidia mentula, was studied by light-(immunoperoxidase) and electron-microscopic (immunogold) immunocytochemistry. At the light-microscopic level 5-HT-like immunoreactivity (5-HT-LI) was exclusively found in cells located in the lateral portion of the endostyle, between zone 7, known to have iodinating capacity, and zone 8, which consists of ciliated cells. At the electron-microscopic level, the 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were found to correspond to cells containing polymorphous, dense granules, 100–300 nm in diameter. The granules were located in the supranuclear cytoplasm facing the endostyle lumen as well as in the infranuclear cytoplasm facing the extracellular space. Quantification showed that the 5-HT-LI was considerably higher (13–67 times) in cytoplasmic areas containing granules as compared to areas devoid of granules. Most, but not all, of the 5-HT-LI was associated with the dense core of the granules. In conclusion, serotonin-containing cells are located in the peripheral portion of the endostyle, between zones 7 and 8. Serotonin is stored in cytoplasmic granules that are present both in the apical and basal cytoplasm. This suggests the possibility that the cells are bipolar and secrete serotonin both in a basal direction to the extracellular space, and in an apical direction to the pharyngeal lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221748
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of live and heat-killed bacteria on the secretory activity of Paneth cells in germ-free mice (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cells ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Facultative anaerobes ; Germ-free mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Germ-free mice were given live or heat-killed facultative anaerobes, and the ultrastructure of ileal Paneth cells was quantitatively examined with special reference to secretory granules showing a bipartite substructure (central core and peripheral halo). After administering live or heatkilled bacteria, there was a decrease in the area occupied by the cores of secretory granules in Paneth cells, and exocytosed core material was observed in the crypt lumen. There were no changes in the area occupied by the halo of secretory granules. None of the examined Paneth cells phagocytosed bacteria. It is concluded that certain bacteria may affect the secretion of antibacterial agents contained in the secretory granules of Paneth cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215451
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional organization of the plasmalemmal vesicular system in directly frozen capillaries of the rete mirabile in the swim bladder of the eel (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Swim bladder ; Capillaries ; Vesicles ; Ultrastructure ; Cryofixation ; Anguilla rostrata (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several recent studies comparing chemically fixed and cryofixed endothelium have indicated that glutaraldehyde fixation may result in increases in the population of “vesicles” in the cytoplasm. Other reports based on ultrathin serial-section reconstruction of chemically fixed endothelium have revealed that the vesicular system is comprised of interconnected membranous compartments, which are ultimately continuous with either cell surface but do not extend across the endothelial cell. In this study, we have investigated the three-dimensional organization of the vesicular system in directly frozen, freeze-substituted capillaries of the rete mirabile from the swim bladder of the eel, specifically using the same block of embedded capillaries in which frozen capillaries had previously been found to contain less “vesicles” than chemically fixed capillaries. The results show that essentially all vesicles remain inter-connected with each other and are part of two separate sets of invaginations from the luminal and abluminal cell surface like in chemically fixed tissue. Any increase in vesicle number resulting from glutaraldehyde fixation does not affect the overall three-dimensional organization of the vesicular system in these endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220012
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes in proteins synthesized by rabbit endometrial epithelial cells following primary culture (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterine epithelium ; Cell culture ; Proteins ; Ultrastructure ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological and biochemical changes occurring in rabbit endometrial epithelial cells when placed in culture were investigated. Cells were examined by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture. Morphologically, cultured cells are shorter and broader than the columnar epithelial cells in vivo, but retain their polarity as indicated by the presence of apical microvilli and a well-developed junctional belt. To study changes in biochemical function, proteins synthesized by cells in primary culture were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins were labeled during a 24-h incubation with 35S-methionine and gels examined by fluorography. The pattern of proteins changed after cells had been in culture for 48 h. On day 3 new proteins were synthesized and several protein species labeled during days 1 or 2 of culture, including uteroglobin, no longer appeared. On days 3–8 of culture the protein patterns were similar. Addition of progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, or combinations of these hormones to the culture medium for 24–144 h failed to elicit consistent changes in the pattern of labeled proteins established after 3 days of culture. Minor differences in protein patterns among unrelated cultures appear to have been derived from the original cells of the culture. These results indicate that after 48 h in primary culture, cells grown in vitro resemble endometrial epithelial cells morphologically, but no longer reflect functionally the character of epithelial cells in the uterus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213833
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    Electronic Resource
    Formation of desmosomes and other contact specializations in cultured skin of the frog (Rana esculenta) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog skin culture ; Desmogenesis ; Interdigitations ; Lamellipodia ; Ultrastructure ; Rana esculenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Small trypsinized explants from ventral skin of frogs (Rana esculenta) were maintained in culture for 4 days during which a newly formed epithelium differentiated along the cut edges of the dermis. During the first 6 h adjacent cells produced numerous interdigitating lamellipodia. After 2 days, epithelial polarity was restored by the formation of zonulae occludentes and the epithelial cells were joined by a few small newly formed desmosomes and by numerous interdigitations. Bipartite junctional complexes consisting of a zonula occludens, followed by a series of typical desmosomes, and characteristic of adult frog epidermis were formed only after 4 days. When cultured in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) the trypsinized epidermis no longer formed desmosomes. Therefore pools of one or more crucial desmosomal proteins must be very low or non-existent. However, cycloheximide did not prevent the formation of cell contact specializations, consisting of a highly developed system of complex lamellar interdigitations, between adjacent cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213837
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of smooth muscle cells in the rat thoracic duct (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thoracic duct ; Smooth muscle cell ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The three-dimensional cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of the smooth muscle cells in the wall of the rat thoracic duct were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The muscle layer basically consists of a single layer of circularly arranged cells. The smooth muscle cell is fusiform or ribbon-like in shape, as in veins or venules with a similar or smaller diameter. Connections by spinous processes are observed between adjacent muscle cells along their length. Spot-like membrane contacts frequently occur in areas where facing membranes are closely apposed. These are thought to be gap junctions and may be responsible for electrical coupling and mechanical attachment. Large invaginations arranged regularly in rows on the surface of the smooth muscle cells can be observed. These invaginations are closely associated with a flattened sarcoplasmic reticulum, and caveolae tend to open into the invaginations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215831
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  • 50
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    Electronic Resource
    Atropine inhibits the degranulation of Paneth cells in ex-germ-free mice (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cells ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Atropine ; Germ-free/Ex-germ-free ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that the secretory products of Paneth cells contain antibacterial agents (lysozyme, IgA) that are affected by the bacterial milieu in the intestine. To investigate whether Paneth-cell secretion is controlled via cholinergic mechanisms, the ultrastructure of Paneth cells was studied in four animal groups: (1) germfree (GF) control mice (Jcl: ICR [GN], male, 13 weeks old), (2) GF mice injected subcutaneously with atropine sulfate (200 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in physiological saline 20 mg/ml), (3) ex-GF mice inoculated with feces from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice, and (4) ex-GF mice injected with atropine and inoculated with feces from SPF mice. In ex-GF mice inoculated with feces, 70–90% of the Paneth cells showed fewer secretory granules than those from GF mice (p〈0.01). Approximately 30% of the Paneth cells had a large vacuole (3–10 μm diameter) in the apical cytoplasm. Exocytosed electron-dense material from secretory granules was observed in a few crypt lumens. In ex-GF mice inoculated with feces and given atropine, about 90% of the Paneth cells contained numerous secretory granules, like those in GF control mice, but vacuolated Paneth cells and exocytotic figures were rare; thus the secretion of Paneth cells was blocked by atropine. It is therefore possible that the bacterial milieu in the intestine affects the secretory activity of Paneth cells via cholinergic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222296
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    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa of chickens (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Epithelium ; Mast cells ; Granular leukocytes ; Basophils ; Ultrastructure ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination, by light and electron microscopy, of the morphology and the staining properties of intraepithelial lymphocytes from the intestine of the chicken revealed a population of lymphoid cells, of which a proportion (up to 20%) is granulated. The majority of cells were immunoreactive with anti-T cell serum and can therefore be considered to be related to T-lymphocytes, but they did not proliferate when cultured with phytohaemagglutinin. The granulated cells were identical to those previously designated globule-containing leukocytes, but were distinct from mast cells in their morphology, staining reactions and the stability of the granules in different fixatives and buffers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215464
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes produced in Kupffer cells in the rat liver by injection of lipopolysaccharide (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kupffer cells ; Granulocytes ; Ultrastructure ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Liver ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of Kupffer cells has been studied at various times after an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella abortus equii. The most prominent effects were: an increase in the number and dimensions of phagocytic vacuoles (often containing ingested LPS and neutrophilic granulocytes); mitochondrial damage, including disintegration of the matrix and cristae; an increase in the amount of dilated, lucent rough endoplasmic reticulum; presence of fat droplets in the cytoplasm. Five days after injection of lipopolysaccharide, the Kupffer cells had resumed their normal ultrastructure. Several minutes after injection of lipopolysaccharide, platelets adhered to the Kupffer and endothelial cells. Between one and six hours, neutrophilic granulocytes accumulated in the liver sinusoids. The resulting obstruction of the hepatic microcirculation most probably affected cellular ultrastructure by ischaemia. At three days, the number of Kupffer cells was doubled, and increased further at later time intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215466
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    Electronic Resource
    Melanophore death and disappearance produces color metamorphosis in the polychromatic Midas cichlid (Cichlasoma citrinellum) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromatophores ; Color change ; Ultrastructure ; Melanophores ; Macrophages ; Xanthophores ; Cichlasoma citrinellum (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe the histological basis of color metamorphosis in the polychromatic Midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum. Eight percent of the individuals in a natural population transform from gray with black markings to orange, simultaneously losing their ability to adjust coloration in response to background and social context. This trait is inherited. Light- and electron microscopy revealed that this transformation is a two-step process. First, the melanophores die, then macrophage-like cells remove the debris. As a result of this initial process, the underlying xanthophores become visible, producing the orange coloration. A similar process may occur in individuals that further transform to white, or go directly from gray to white.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221733
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  • 54
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    Cortical cytoskeleton of the flagellateProteromonas lacertae: Interrelation between microtubules, membrane and somatonemes (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 142 (1988), S. 46-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Plasma membrane ; Microtubules ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracture ; Flagellates ; Proteromonas lacertae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The anterior half of the cell surface of the parasitic flagellateProteromonas lacertae is corrugated while the posterior half is covered by hair-like appendages, called somatonemes. In the anterior part, the cortical microtubules are lined by a zig-zag shaped microfibril. Here, these two structures seem to be separated from the plasma membrane. In the posterior half of the cell the somatonemes, analogous to the mastigonemes of chrysophytes, are anchored to the cortical microtubules by paired small deposits of dense material. This was clearly demonstrated by Triton X 100 treatment which solubilized the plasma membrane but left the somatonemes attached to the cortical microtubules. Freeze-fracture images revealed the alignment of clustered intramembrane particles on the P-face of the plasma membrane which correspond to the attachment sites of the somatonemes, seen as dots in thin sections. The ER-derived membrane-associated somatonemes are probably linked to the cortical microtubules by anchoring proteins which are part of the plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273225
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    Electronic Resource
    Observations of soybean root meristematic cells in response to heat shock (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 144 (1988), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Heat shock ; Soybean root ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Soybean seedlings (Glycine max) were incubated in narrow temperature regimes to study the effects of heat shock on cell structures. The incubation temperatures used were as follows: 1. 28 °C (2h); 2. 40 °C (2h); 3. 45 °C (2h); 4. 40 °C (2h)→45 °C (2h); 5. 47. 5 °C (10 min); 6. 40 °C (2h)→47. 5 °C (10 min). Both optical and electron micrographs were taken of the different tissues of root meristems as they responded to heat shock. Cells of roots heated to 45 °C (2h) or 47.5 °C (10 min) with lethal treatment showed drastic heat injuries:e.g., membrane damage, coagulated plasmolysis, protoplasmic contraction, and leakage of cell content. Nucleolar segregation occurred in cells treated at both lethal and supraoptimal temperatures. Seedlings preincubated at 40 °C (2 h) became thermo-tolerant to lethal temperature treatment of 45 °C (2 h) or 47.5 °C (10 min), by protecting the plasmalemma, mitochondria, plastids and nuclei from heat damage. Without preincubation, however, these structures were destroyed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320274
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  • 56
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    Metabolism of P-particles (polysaccharide particles) in mature pollen grains ofEryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 146 (1988), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Apiaceae ; Eryngium campestre ; Metabolism ; Pollen grain ; P-particle ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The metabolism of P-particles (polysaccharide particles) was investigated in mature pollen grains ofEryngium campestre L. Numerous P-particles, originating from dictyosome activity, are found to be accumulated near the apertures, followed by mitochondria. A single layer of ER profiles seems to prevent the fusion of the P-particles with the intine. Instead of this, they fuse with each other forming nonmembrane-bounded polysaccharide-aggregates, which subsequently change their granulated structure to an amorphous. Mitochondria together with small vesicles are involved in the conversion-process. The so formed wall precursors pass through the ER and fuse into the intine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405914
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  • 57
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    Preliminary observations on the formation of the male germ unit in pollen tubes ofCyphomandra betacea sendt. (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 147 (1988), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Generative cell ; Sperm cell ; Treetomato ; Ultrastructure ; Vegetative nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure of the generative cell and its association with the vegetative nucleus in the pollen tube ofCyphomandra betacea Sendt. were observed with the electron microscope. The generative cell, bounded by its own plasma membrane and the inner plasma membrane of the vegetative cell, possesses the cytoplasmic extension which lies within the embayments of a vegetative nucleus. The generative cell contains the normal complement of organelles and, especially, microtubules which cluster into several groups adjacent to the plasma membrane, oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cell. In the pollen tube reaching the lower end of the style aftersemivivo pollination, both of the sperm cells are elongated and polyribosomes and microtubules are the outstanding feature in the cytoplasm. The two sperm cells are connected by a common transverse cell wall, while cytoplasmic channels exist in both the periplasm of the two sperm cells and the transverse wall. The leading sperm cell (Svn) is closely associated with the vegetative nucleus. Thus the present study demonstrates the existence of the male germ unit in the pollen tube ofC. betacea. The possible cytoplasmic continuity between the sperm cells and between the gametes and vegetative cell is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403877
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  • 58
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    Morphology ofEntomophthora muscae protoplasts grownin vitro (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 146 (1988), S. 166-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Entomophthorales ; Entomophthora muscae ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Protoplast ; in vitro growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Entomophthora muscae (C.) Fres. can be grownin vitro as protoplasts. Light and electron microscopical studies of thein vitro developed protoplasts have demonstrated the absence of an organized wall over the protoplasmic Con A-positive membrane at all stages of growth. The cytological organization is typical of the Entomophthorales with condensed chromatin in the interphase nuclei and small eccentric metaphase spindles. Long strands of endoplasmic reticulum, microubules and vesicles surrounding the plasmalemma may be involved in maintaining the precise shape ofE. muscae protoplast. Starvation of the fungus induces the formation of hyphal bodies after deposition of Con A- and WGA-positive wall material at the plasmalemma surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405926
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    Effects ofl-propionylcarnitine on electrical and mechanical alterations induced by amphiphilic lipids in isolated guinea pig ventricular muscle (1988)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 4 (1988), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: l-Propionylcarnitine ; Amphiphile ; Action potential ; Ultrastructure ; Guinea pig ventricular muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the effects ofl-propionyl-carnitine (Prop.C), a short-chain acylcarnitine, on amphiphile (l-lysophosphatidylcholine orl-palmitoylcarnitine)-induced electrophysiological and ultrastructural changes in isolated guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles, under acidic conditions (pH 6.9). Conventional microelectrode, tension-recording, and electron microscope techniques were used. Both amphiphiles, at a concentration of 10−4 M, significantly decreased the resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, and action potential duration, but increased the developed and resting tension. Such amphiphile-induced electrical changes were not observed in muscles pretreated with the beta-blocker, atenolol, although the mechanical changes remained unaffected. The application of Prop.C (10−2 M), in the continued presence of the amphiphiles caused a return of the action potential duration and the developed tension to the control level. However, the resting potential and action potential amplitude remained unaffected; in fact, the maximum upstroke velocity ( $$\dot V_{max} $$ ) of the action potential tended to decrease further. Pretreatment with Prop.C prevented all the amphiphile-induced electrophysiological and mechanical changes, except for $$\dot V_{max} $$ . Electron microscopic studies revealed that amphiphile-induced ultrastructural changes were prevented, at least in part, in the presence of Prop.C. Thus, Prop.C antagonizes some of deleterious effects of amphiphiles, such as lysophosphatidylcholine and palmitoylcarnitine, upon the electrical and mechanical activities of the ventricular muscle, under acidic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02058587
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    Dynamics of the microtubular cytoskeleton in the green algaAphanochaete magna (Chlorophyta). I. Late mitotic stages and the origin and development of the phycoplast (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 142 (1988), S. 176-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Aphanochaete ; Astral microtubules ; Immunofluorescence ; Phycoplast ; Spindle breakdown ; 3-D reconstruction ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The spatial and temporal organization of the microtubular cytoskeleton at the transitional stage of mitosis and cytokinesis has been studied in the chaetophoralean green algaAphanochaete magna using indirect immunofluorescence light microscopy and transmission electron microscopic analysis of serial sections including computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction. At late mitosis, elaborate asterlike microtubule systems including bundles interconnecting both centriolar regions are present. These systems disappear a the onset of interzonal spindle disintegration. The incipient phycoplast consists of a star-shaped microtubule assemblage projecting from the intact interzonal spindle. It develops strongly at the time of spindle disintegration, later on it becomes compressed by daughter nuclei movement. Cell plate formation is associated with a two-dimensional phycoplast. Phycoplast microtubules remain for a while associated with the completed cross wall but finally they depolymerize. The general occurrence of astral microtubule systems (includingA. magna) is evaluated. The subsequent developmental stages of the phycoplast, formation, maturation and depolymerization, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290874
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    Ultrastructural aspects of the hyphal tip ofSclerotium rolfsii preserved by freeze substitution (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 146 (1988), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Hyphal tip ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze substitution ; Sclerotium rolfsii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hyphal tip ofSclerotium rolfsii was examined after fixation by freeze substitution. The Spitzenkörper consisted of a dense mass of apical vesicles and microvesicles surrounding a vesicle-free zone. Linear arrangements of microvesicles were occasionally observed within the Spitzenkörper. Abundant microfilaments were seen within the Spitzenkörper region, often in close association with apical vesicles and microvesicles. Microtubules passed through the Spitzenkörper and terminated at the plasmalemma at the extreme hyphal apex. Filasomes were mostly observed within the apical region and were in close proximity to the plasmalemma. Rough ER, mitochondria, microtubules, and vacuoles were abundant in the subapical region and were usually oriented parallel to the long axis of the hypha. Ribosomes were aligned on the outer surfaces of mitochondria. Golgi body equivalents were observed throughout the subapical region and appeared as inflated cisternae of varying shapes and electron opacities. Relationships to other basidiomycetous hyphal tip cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405923
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  • 62
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    Sublethal muscle fibre injuries after high-tension anaerobic exercise (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 360-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Humans ; Skeletal muscles ; Anaerobic exercise ; Histocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Muscle cell injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vastus lateralis muscles of eleven male elite sprinters (17–28 years) were investigated in order to examine the impact of high tension anaerobic muscular work on muscle fibre fine structure. In an attempt to reproduce the training regimen six subjects ran 20 repetitions of 25 s on a treadmill with 2 min 35 s in between, at a speed corresponding to 86% of their personal best 200 m time. PAS-stained sections of biopsies taken approximately 2 h after training generally indicated glycogen depletion in type 1 and type 2B fibres. At the light microscopic level, no signs of inflammation or fibre rupture were observed. However, at the ultrastructural level, frequent abnormalities of the contractile material and the cytoplasmic organelles were detected. Z-band streaming, autophagic vacuoles and abnormal mitochondria were the most conspicuous observations. Control specimens from sprinters who did not perform the acute exercise routine also displayed structural deviations, although to a lesser degree. It is hypothesized that during sprint training the leg musculature is put under great mechanical and metabolic stress which causes the degenerative response reported here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635996
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  • 63
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    The effect of low pH and aluminum on the olfactory organ of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 22 (1988), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Acid ; Metals ; Ultrastructure ; Olfaction ; Electrical response ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The effects of acid ((H2SO4) and aluminum AIKSO4 in acidified water on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, olfactory organ were examined using scanning electron microscopy and electrophysiology. Exposure to pH 4.7 resulted in an increase in the number of mucus droplets over parts of the olfactory epithelium, primarily along the ridges of the secondary folds. The addition of aluminum (5.0, 9.5, 20.0 µmol · 1−1) at pH 4.7 resulted in loss of receptor cell cilia, irregularly shaped olfactory knobs, clumped microvilli and swellings on microridge cells. Electrical responses recorded from the olfactory nerve in response to the amino acid L-serine were similar to controls in fish exposed to acidified water. When fish were exposed to acidified water and aluminum the response was depressed. These morphological and electrophysiological changes could be used to indicate metal-induced stress in fish from natural ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000544
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  • 64
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    Mucus-producing adenopapillary carcinoma of minor salivary gland origin with signet ring cells and intracytoplasmic lumina (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 245 (1988), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Salivary gland tumor ; Adenocarcinoma ; Ultrastructure ; Signet-ring cell ; Intracytoplasmic lumen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histological and subcellular study of a mucus-producing adenopapillary carcinoma of a minor salivary gland is presented. The tumor was located on the buccal mucosa of a 36-year-old white man. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor was an invasive papillary growth with numerous signet-ring cells and mucous production. When viewed under the electron microscope, the tumor exhibited clusters of cells showing intracellular lumina and finely dispersed chromatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464016
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    The basement membrane and associated structures in the murine endolymphatic sac (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 245 (1988), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Murine endolymphatic sac ; Basement membrane ; Fluid transport ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the basement membrane of the murine endolymphatic sac was studied under various experimental conditions in labyrinthectomized and ethacrynic acid-treated animals and was compared with normal anatomy. The basement membrane was clearly visualized after staining with ruthenium red or dialyzed iron. The basement membrane of the murine sac consists of two different layers: the lamina rara and the lamina densa. It demarcates the border between the epithelial cells and the subepithelial connective tissue. Our findings suggest that the basement membrane acts as a physical support to the epithelium in the endolymphatic sac. The basement membrane also shows a dynamic capacity to form a new basement membrane, with the result that the lateral intercellular space between contiguous epithelial cells may be integrated with the subepithelial space. This system is believed to act as a macromolecular and bulk water transport system. In the subepithelial space, collagen, reticular and elastic fibrils are found having a close relationship to the basement membrane. The elastic fibres are presumed to play a role in the pressure-regulating mechanism in the endolymphatic sac.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464628
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    Ciliated mucous cells found in the nasal mucosa of a patient with Kartagener's syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1988), S. 360-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal mucosa ; Kartagener's syndrome ; Ciliated mucous cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of ciliated cells containing many mucous secretory granules in the nasal surface epithelium of a 13-year-old patient suffering from Kartagener's syndrome. In these cells, mucous secretory granules were accumulated in the apical cytoplasm, and the Golgi apparatus was well developed in the supranuclear region. Mucous secretory granules were discharged infrequently through the apical cell membranes by single or compound exocytosis. The cells were considered to be ciliated mucous cells, which have already been reported to be present in the lower respiratory tract but not in the upper respiratory tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497465
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    Ultrastructural investigation of renal biopsies: A discussion of artifacts and special methodology (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 9 (1988), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Kidney ; Artifacts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The aim of this presentation is to draw attention to the problems inherent in evaluating the ultrastructure of percutaneous renal biopsies and to discuss some of the special techniques which are useful in this area. It is important to realize that the ultrastructure as it appears in this kind of material does not necessarily reflect conditions in vivo. Comparison with suitable reference material may, however, permit reliable conclusions in terms of pathological diagnosis and pathogenesis. It is advocated that purely qualitative methods, which until now have predominated in ultrastructure work with renal biopsies, be replaced by morphometry and semiquantitative methods when it is possible and practical to do so in any research situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060090305
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    Synaptic organization of the globus pallidus (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 10 (1988), S. 247-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Corpus striatum ; Pallidum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The synaptic organization of the globus pallidus is reviewed with respect to present knowledge about neurons, fibers, axon terminals, and their intrinsic synaptic relationships. Information derived from studies employing Nissl stains, Golgi impregnations, lesion degeneration techniques, immunohistochemistry, and anterograde axonal labeling in various species are presented along with ultrastructural data. Studies indicate that the globus pallidus contains a principal efferent neuron with smooth or spiny dendrites and simple or complex terminal dendritic arborizations. This cell type receives convergent inputs from intrinsic and extrinsic sources and uses γ-aminobutyric acid as a transmitter. A smaller and separate population of pallidal projection neurons contains acetylcholine. Two other less frequent neuronal types, of small and medium size, have also been recognized. Three to six types of axonal boutons forming synaptic contacts with pallidal neurons have been recognized in various studies. Among these, three types (types I, II, and III) are the most prevalent. Studies indicate that the most frequent category (type I) originates from neostriatal neurons via radial fiber projections and contains immunoreactive GABA and enkephalins. The synaptic architecture of the globus pallidus is dominated by a mosaic-like arrangement of long dendrites that are ensheathed by longitudinally oriented axons making synapses en passant. Triadic synapses involving dendrites that are pre- and postsynaptic are encountered infrequently. Because both striatopallidal and pallidothalamic connections are inhibitory, pallidal target neurons in the thalamus may be “disinhibited” when the neostriatum is activated.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060100304
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    Malignancies in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 8 (1988), S. 137-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma ; Lymphoma ; Histology ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Malignancies frequently arise in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including those patients classified as having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Currently, Kaposi's sarcoma and certain types of lymphoma are considered to develop as a result of HIV infection, and other cancers have also been reported in these patients. For the most part, ultrastructural study of HIV-associated malignancies has been limited to Kaposi's sarcoma; the ultrastructural features of the epidemic form of this disease are generally the same as those of the classical form. The occurrence of these cancers in HIV-infected individuals appears to be related to the immunodeficiency caused by this virus, but the basic etiologic mechanisms remain unknown. In general, only palliative treatments are presently available for HIV-associated malignancies.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060080110
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    Morphology of synapses in the autonomic nervous system (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 10 (1988), S. 187-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Sympathetic nervous system ; Parasympathetic nervous system ; Enteric nervous system ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The ultrastructure of synapses in the autonomic nervous system is reviewed. The synaptic organization of the parasympathetic ganglia is relatively simple. Preganglionic axons form synapses either on the soma or on short perikaryal processes of the ganglionic neurons. The presynaptic terminals have a cholinergic morphology and contain mainly small clear vesicles with a few large dense cored vesicles. A few neuropeptides have been localized to the large dense cored vesicles of these terminals. The postganglionic parasympathetic axons ramify within their target tissues where they form close associations, but not true synaptic contacts. Sites of release of transmitter are recognized morphologically as varicosities along the length of the axon that contain clusters of small clear vesicles with a few large dense cored vesicles. The organization of the sympathetic nervous system is somewhat more complex. In addition to acetylcholine, enkephalin also exists in these terminals, probably in the large dense cored vesicles. There are at least three types of ganglion cell neurons in the paravertebral portion of the sympathetic nervous system: those that contain norepinephrine alone, those that contain norepinephrine along with neuropeptide Y, and those that contain acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The first type provides innervation to the parenchyma of the target tissues, while the second mainly innervates blood vessels. The third type innervates the sweat glands. In the prevertebral ganglia, a fourth type of neuron exists that contains norepinephrine and somatostatin. This neuron probably innervates the gut. Preganglionic terminals of the cholinergic type form synaptic connections mainly with the dendrites of the sympathetic ganglion neurons. In addition to the types of synapses described for the paravertebral ganglia, neurons in the prevertebral ganglia receive synaptic connections from dorsal root ganglia and from the enteric nervous system. The sympathetic ganglia also contain interneurons that receive preganglionic synapses and form efferent synapses with some of the principal ganglion cells. The interneurons have been shown to contain a variety of transmitters, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and a number of neuropeptides. The postganglionic sympathetic axons have a similar morphology to the parasympathetic axons. They form networks in their targets, and the axons display varicosities with concentrations of both small and large vesicles. After appropriate fixation, these vesicles are seen to possess dense cores. The morphology of the enteric nervous system has the greatest complexity. There are sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons of various types. In addition, it receives extrinsic connections from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The synaptic ultrastructure is correspondingly complex, with a large number of different, morphologically disticnt types of synaptic terminals. The function and transmitter content of these terminals is beginning to be elucidated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060100205
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    Quantitative ultrastructural observations on the inhibited recovery of the hypoglossal nucleus from the axotomy response when regeneration of the hypoglossal nerve is prevented (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Hypoglossal nucleus ; Inhibited regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron micrographs of the left hypoglossal nucleus were quantitatively analyzed in adult rats 52 to 98 days after transection of the left hypoglossal nerve and implantation of the proximal stump into the already innervated ipsilateral sternomastoid muscle, a procedure which prevented the transected nerve from regenerating. Many presynaptic boutons with clear spherical synaptic vesicles and symmetrical synapses were lost from the injured perikarya and dendrites. Some perikarya and dendrites (and, rarely, boutons) became electron dense, and astrocyte or microglial sheaths partly surrounded them. Numbers of dendrite profiles in the neuropil decreased. These statistically significant effects persisted throughout the postoperative period, whereas after axotomy with unimpeded nerve regeneration, these features would have returned to normal by 84 days postoperatively. It was therefore suggested that their recovery depended upon successful regeneration and reconnection of the hypoglossal nerve with the tongue. Subsurface cisterns, and profiles containing unusual inclusions, were numerically normal 52 to 98 days postoperatively, so it was suggested that their early response and recovery after simple axotomy might be entirely dependent on nerve disconnection and not on nerve reconnection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238278
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    Zur Histogenese des Sarcoma idiopathicum multiplex haemorrhagicum (Morbus Kaposi) (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1976), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma ; Endothelial cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Das wesentliche histologische Substrat des M.K. ist charakterisiert durch eine Proliferation von Zügen spindelförmiger Zellen, durch zellig begrenzte Gefäßspalten und durch eine geringfügige zellulär-entzündliche Begleitreaktion. 2. Die Zellen, welche die Gefäßspalten begrenzen, vehalten sich wie Capillarendothelzellen. Sie zeigen eine starke alkalische Phosphatase-Reaktivität und eine deutliche Leucinaminopeptidase-Aktivität; sie enthalten typische Weibel-Palade Granula. 3. Die ultrastrukturelle Analyse der Tumorzellen läßt ferner gefäßsprossenartige Formationen mit und ohne Lumen erkennen, an deren Ausbildung in der Hauptsache wenig ausdifferenzierte Endothelzellen beteiligt sind. Daneben erscheinen fibroblastoide Tumorzellen die sich möglicherweise von den Perithelzellen herleiten lassen. 4. Typisch für M.K. sind Extravasation und Phagocytose von Erythrocyten mit intracytoplasmatischem Abbau und Einlagerung myelinartiger, an Schwannzellen erinnernde Figuren. 5. Folgerung: Der M.K. ist gekennzeichnet durch eine multifokale Neubildung kapillarartiger Strukturen mit einer progressiven sarkomatösen Entwicklung.
    Notes: Summary 1. Histologically, Morbus Kaposi is primarily characterized by a proliferation of streams composed of spindle-shaped cells, by vascular slits lined by cells, and by a minor cellular inflammatory reaction. 2. The cells lining the vascular slits resemble endothelial cells and exhibit strong alkaline phosphatase activity and a clear leucinaminopeptidase activity. They contain Weibel-Palade bodies. 3. The ultrastructural analysis of the tumor cells shows a proliferative formation resembling capillary sprouts with and without lumina. The lumina are composed primarily of poorly differentiated endothelial cells. A second typical cellular component are fibroblast-like tumor cells possibly derived from perithelial cells. 4. Indicative of M.K. are also extravasation and phagocytosis of erythrocytes with intracytoplasmic decomposition, and storage of myelinlike structures somewhat resembling Schwannian-cells. 5. Conclusion: M.K. is characterized by a multifocal neoplasia of capillary like structures and by a progressive sarcomatous development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427710
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    Abnormal cilia in the bronchial mucosa (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Compound cilia ; Axial filament complex ; Bronchitis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Atypical cilia in the bronchial mucosa of non-smoking women and in guinea-pig lungs were studied by the electron microscope. In human cases, numerous compound cilia were observed in the main bronchi. The largest one contained about 40 axial filament complexes in a ciliary shaft. Occasionally, atypical basal bodies were also seen. In the experimental model in guinea-pigs, 50% oxygen at one atmospheric pressure damaged the bronchial surface and resulted in degeneration and reduction of cilia and pellicular structures. The injury was not sufficiently severe to initiate adaptation and reparative mechanisms in the bronchial mucosa, and rapid renewal of the surface structures was found. The human cases were associated with bronchogenic carcinoma but the experimental model suggested that atypical cilia were not always related to pulmonary carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444928
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    Das zentrale Riesenzellgranulom (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Giant cell granuloma ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Cell function ; Osteoclasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mehrkernigen Riesenzellen des zentralen Riesenzellgranuloms entstehen durch Zellfusion aus den Pericyten der Kapillaren. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Funktionsmerkmale der Riesenzellen durch Kombination histologischer, histochemischer und elektronenmikroskopischer Methoden untersucht. In den mehrkernigen Riesenzellen ließen sich in Übereinstimmung mit älteren Untersuchungen die lysosomalen Enzyme saure Phosphatase und Aminopeptidase nachweisen. Das lysosomale System der Riesenzellen befähigt diese zur aktiven Phagocytoseleistung. Darüber hinaus können sich die Riesenzellen neugebildeten Geflechtknochenbälkchen anlagern und osteoclastäre Funktionen übernehmen. Die enzymhistochemische und funktioneile Ähnlichkeit mit den mehrkernigen Osteoclasten wirft die Frage nach einer vergleichbaren Cytogenese beider Zellformen auf.
    Notes: Summary Multinucleated giant cells in giant cell granuloma are formed by cell fusion of capillary pericytes. In our present study we tried to analyze cell function and activity by histologic, histochemical, and electronmicroscopic examination of giant cells. Lysosomal enzymes such as acid phosphatase and amino-peptidase were found in giant cells which is in agreement with former work. By their lysosomal system giant cells are proved phagocytic. In addition, giant cells being localized at trabecular surfaces of newly formed woven bone may develop osteoclastic functions. The enzymatic and functional resemblance of giant cells and multinucleated osteoclasts points to the possibility of a similar cytogenesis of both cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444932
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    Über die Feinstruktur von Mammamischtumoren der Hündin (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Canine mammary gland ; Mixed tumor ; Myoepithelial cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch Spindelzellen fischzugartiger Verbände in 19 Mammamisehtumoren von Hündinnen untersucht. Die elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde sprechen dafür, daß es sich bei den spindeligen Tumorzellen meist um Zellen myothelialen Ursprungs handelt. Es wurden jedoch auch spindelzellige Verbände gefunden, die aus Fibroblasten bzw. Pibrocyten bestehen. Im lichtmikroskopischen Bereich ist eine sichere Unterscheidung nicht in jedem Fall möglich.
    Notes: Summary Spindle cells of myomatous formations of 19 canine mixed mammary tumors were studied by light and electron microscopy. The EM findings indicate that the spindleshaped tumor cells are mostly of myoepithelial origin. However there were also formations of spindle cells which consisted of fibroblasts or fibrocytes. By light microscopy they are not always clearly distinguishable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433069
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    Comparative ultrastructure of thyroid, tongue and eyelid lesions in the neuroma phenotype of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1976), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Thyroid ; Mucosal neuromas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscopic and histochemical studies of thyroid tumor, tongue neuromas and eyelid neuromas from the lesions of a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma were compared. In the thyroid tumor, a significant number of the C cells showed heterogeneity of granule types; no C cells, however, were identified in the tongue and eyelid neuromas. Amyloid was clearly shown by Congo red staining in the thyroid neoplasm and in the tongue neuromas. In all tissues, amyloid fibrils were found to be ultrastructurally closely associated with fibroblasts. These fingings suggest that the fibroblast rather than the C cell may have played the important role in the deposition of amyloid in this patient's thyroid carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427713
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  • 77
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    Das zentrale Riesenzellgranulom (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 163-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Central giant cell granuloma ; Histogenesis ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bisherige Untersuchungen an zentralen Riesenzellgranulomen des Gesichts-Kieferbereiches haben die Histogenese dieser tumorähnlichen Knochenerkrankung nicht klären können. Wir untersuchten daher zwei bioptisch gesicherte zentrale Riesenzellgranulome unter dieser Fragestellung histochemisch und elektronenmikroskopisch. Histochemisch findet sich eine enge Enzymverwandtschaft zwischen den mehrkernigen Riesenzellen und den Pericyten der Kapillaren, die das Granulom dicht durchsetzen. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigen sich typische Membranphänomene der Zellfusion zwischen den mehrkernigen Riesenzellen und den Pericyten. Die für das Granulom charakteristischen mehrkernigen Riesenzellen entstehen daher durch Zellfusion aus den Pericyten, die als ihre Stammzellen angesehen werden müssen. Da die Pericyten das Granulom auch in Form zahlreicher blinder Kapillarsprossen durchsetzen, erklärt sich die Entwicklung einer Vielzahl von Riesenzellen. Die Ursachen, die diesem Verhalten der Pericyten aetiologisch zugrunde liegen, sind unbekannt. Ob die Cytogenese der Riesenzellen des zentralen Riesenzellgranuloms Modellcharakter hat und analog auch für die Entwicklung von Riesenzellen in anderen Gewebsneubildungen oder für die Enstehung der mehrkernigen Osteoclasten gilt, muß weiteren Untersuchungen vorbehalten bleiben.
    Notes: Summary Until now numerous studies on central giant cell granuloma of jawbones have not been able to reveal the histogenesis of this tumourlike lesion. The aim of the present investigation in two surgically proven cases was to study this question by means of histochemical and electron-microscopic methods. Rather similar histochemieal properties were shown in giant cells and pericytes of capillary sprouts penetrating the granuloma. Cell fusion occurred between both cell types as was observed by electron microscopy. The process of cell fusion is defined by characteristic interdigitations of cell membranes. Therefore pericytes are believed to be the stem cells of multinucleated giant cells in giant cell granuloma. The abundance of giant cells usually occurring in the granuloma might be explained by plenty of capillary sprouts made up by clusters of pericytes. The factors inducing the pericytic cell fusion process are still unknown. The question arises whether cytogenesis of giant cells in giant cell granuloma might be similar in other giant cell lesions or even in the development of multinucleated osteoclasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430812
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  • 78
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    The fine structure of the normal, resting terminal ductal-lobular unit of the female breast (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 372 (1976), S. 205-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the terminal ductal-lobular unit (TDLU) of the normal, resting female breast is described. Tissue used conformed to strict criteria for normal. 4 distinct cell types, were observed, epithelium, myoepithelium, macrophages and lymphocytes. A gradation in structure, especially of myoepithelium, was found between the ductule tip and intralobular duct, apparently reflecting the age and function of each region. Cilia originating from the myoepithelial cells are possibly sensory in function. Epithelial vesicular inclusions may represent minimal secretory activity, transport of material across the cell, or be lysosomal in nature. The capillaries in close contact with the delimiting fibroblasts of the epithelial-stromal junction (ESJ) are described and the zone designated the capillary-fibroblast junction (CFJ). The CFJ is conceived as a regulatory unit similar to the ESJ, and may contribute to dysplasia due to biochemical or functional alterations, or to disruption of the microvascular geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433280
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  • 79
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    The ultrastructure of the zygospore in Endogone flammicorona Trappe & Gerdemann (1976)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 59 (1976), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Zygospore ; Mycorrhizal fungus ; Flaming crown
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructural organization of the spores of the sporocarp of Endogone flammicorona was studied. Two types of organization are described. Initially the spore possessed a vacuolate protoplasm and was bound by two cell wall layers. The spore was surrounded by a hyphal mantle formed of a sheet of vacuolized hyphae with uniformly thin walls. Secondly, although the ultrastructural features of the spore appeared the same, it was now surrounded by a hyphal mantle with unevenly thickened walls (i. e., the so-called flaming crown) due to the gradual and irregular deposition of granules and lamellae. This crown gives the spore its most commonly observed morphological feature and is the preminent character employed taxonomically to speciate Endogone flammicorona Trappe & Gerdemann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493564
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  • 80
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    The ultrastructure of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (somatic efferent portion) of the cat (1976)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 323-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Oculomotor nucleus ; Ultrastructure ; Synapses ; Membrane apposition ; Motoneurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure, of the somatic efferent portion of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve was studied in four adult cats. The neuronal population is composed of neurons of variable size. A continuous pattern of morphological aspects is evident between the large neurons, which show abundant cytoplasm with well developed organelles and the small neurons which have a reduced amount of cytoplasm. The dendrites are generally smooth, with few short spines. Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses are numerous. Synaptic boutons are also present on the axon hillock. The neuropil is characterized by the occurrence of small groups of dendrites which may be in direct touch with their membranes. Direct membrane appositions may also occur between neighbouring neurons and between the cell somata and tangentially running dendrites. Generally beneath the site of apposition there is accumulation of mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, coated vesicles and moderately dense amorphous material. The morphological features suggest the possibility of cellular interchanges at the sites of direct membrane apposition. Five types of synaptic boutons were recognized on the basis of their vesicular content, the presence of abundant filaments in the pre-synaptic bag, the occurrence of post-synaptic specializations. The, different synaptic types and their distribution are similar to those reported in the spinal motor nuclei. Many of the synapses make synaptic contacts with two or more post-synaptic elements. Axo-axonic synapses were also observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315448
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  • 81
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    Ultrastructure of the surface principal cells of the large intestine in postnatal developing rats (1976)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 155-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Large intestinal epithelium ; Postnatal development ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The principal cells of the surface of the cecum, the ascending colon, and the descending colon in postnatal developing rats were investigated using both light and electron microscopy. In rats 1 to 14 days old the ultrastructure of the surface principal cells in the cecum and ascending colon were characterized by apical tubulo-vacuolar systems and large supranuclear vacuoles similar to those in the absorbing cells of the neo-natal ileum as reported by Clark, 1959, and others. After about the 16th day, the special membrane system disappears from the principal cells of the proximal large intestine. On the other hand, in the descending colon, this special membrane system was absent from the cytoplasmic matrix of the epithelium. It is thought that the proximal portion of the large intestine together with the distal part of the small intestine actively participate in the absorption of protein molecules at least during the early postnatal period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317895
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  • 82
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    The protracted form of juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ceroid lipofuscinosis ; Juvenile or adult ; Protracted form ; Lipopigments ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical and ultrastructural findings consisting of curvilinear and fingerprint residual bodies, in a protracted juvenile form of NCL are reported from a woman who died at the age of 35 years. Homochrony and homotypy of her brother's illness emphasize intrafamilial similarities within subgroups of lysosomal disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699645
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Extraocular muscles light microscopy and ultrastructural features (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 237-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Strabismus ; Extraocular muscles ; Hirano bodies ; Ultrastructure ; Luse bodies ; Leptomeres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty extraocular muscles (EOM) from 20 patients were evaluated by light microscopy (LM), electron microscopy (EM), and enzyme histochemistry (EZH). Twenty-one EOM were obtained from 13 patients with strabismus, 9 EOM from 4 patients undergoing eye surgery for other reasons and from 3 autopsy cases. One μm thick sections revealed marked variation in muscle fibre shape and size and in myofibrillar structure; also noted were small, hypertrophied, whorled, and ringbinden fibres. Dense and granular material in the central portion of some fibres and sarcomere disruption in 2–3 μm sections was observed. EZH revealed the absence of the classical mosaic pattern usually found in skeletal muscles. ATPase studies were inconsistent and did not correlate with the expected reciprocal activity of NAD-H diaphorase, particularly on the large fibres. Ultrastructural features consisted of vacuoles within myofilament bundles, “smearing” of Z bands, and “nemaline rods”. Occasional myelin figures and lipid-like droplets were observed in subsarcolemmal spaces, associated with scattered clusters of glycogen granules. Abnormal mitochondria and subsarcolemmal inclusions of dense and granular material were conspicuous. “Leptomeric” profiles, “Zebra bodies”, or “striated bodies” were noted in 8 EOM's, and an Hirano body was found in 1. The intramuscular nerves contained structures resembling “Luse bodies” in 7 cases. These observations suggest that EOM from individuals with and without strabismus possess unique structural characteristics suggestive of developmental and morphological disarrangement of contractile elements. Some of these changes might play a role in the pathogenesis of strabismus and in the development of clinical symptoms. These features are significantly different from striated skeletal muscle. Therefore the criteria used in the pathological evaluation and diagnosis of skeletal muscle disorders cannot be unequivocally applied to EOM investigations. These data establish the necessity to determine histological norms, ultrastructural patterns, and develop new enzyme histochemistry criteria for the evaluation of EOM. Only then can an acceptable comparison of EOM and skeletal muscle be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688678
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  • 84
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    Le cortex cérébral des malades atteints d'hydrocéphalie à pression normale (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 353-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Normal pressure hydrocephalus ; Human cerebral cortex ; Ultrastructure ; Extracellular space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cortical biopsy was taken at the time when ventricular pressure was measured, or a ventriculo-atrial shunt placed, in 11 patients with Normal Pressure Hyprocephalus (N.P.H.), and was studied with the electron microscope. In 9 cases, a rather typical electron microscopic picture with marked increase of extracellular space in an otherwise normal cortical neuropil was observed. 2 patients did not exhibit this pattern and, coincendentally, did not benefit from the placing of the shunt. As a control, about 600 cortical biopsies that had been taken for other reasons were reviewed. In the group, there were only 3 cortices that had a pattern of increased extracellular space similar to the described in N.P.H. On review of the clinico-pathologic data of these cases, it was felt that all 3 probably represented cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus. It is concluded that the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex is of at least nosological interest in the study of N.P.H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696564
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Dense core mitochondria in peripheral ganglia of man (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mitochondrial inclusions ; Mitochondria ; Peripheral ganglia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal perikarya of peripheral ganglia contained unusual dense core mitochondria that were not seen in other cell types or tissues of the same individual. They were found in several patients autopsied with GM1-gangliosidosis and neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Previous observations on human sympathetic ganglia, obtained by biopsy, and our findings suggest that these dense core mitochondria might represent a rare but regular feature of neuronal perikarya in peripheral ganglia of man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685151
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  • 86
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    Ultrastructural changes in blood vessels of peripheral nerves in leprosy neuropathy (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 159-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leprosy neuropathy ; Ultrastructure ; Angiopathy ; Basement membrane ; “Blood-nerve barrier”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radial or superficial peroneal nerve biopsies of 6 patients with tuberculoid or borderline-tuberculoid leprosy and 6 control nerve biopsies were examined by electron microscopy. Endoneurial blood vessels showed histopathology in all the leprosy patients. Changes, in particular, involved the basement membrane in postcapillary venules and venules. Multilayered parellel basement membranes, with collagen and ground substance, formed a thick coat (“hyaline zone”) around the vessels. It is suggested that the zone inhibits passage of nutrients and metabolites and, thus, contributes to or is the main cause of the local destruction of (unmyelinated) nerve fibres and the lack of nerve fibre regeneration observed in this type of leprosy. The perivascular zone, presumably, is produced by pericytes in response to defects in the “blood-nerve barrier” of endoneurial vessels. In granulomata of leprosy skin lesions, a perivascular zone was not present. The endothelium of endoneurial vessels, in affected nerves, generallywas normal. Occasionally, however, gaps and fenestrations were seen and there were histological indications that leakage of blood plasma had occurred through the gaps and through the basement membrane of the endothelium. Occlusion of endoneurial vessels was found only in the oldest patient and the degeneration of nerve fibres generally observed thus is considered not to be caused by ischaemia. Histopathology in epi-and perineurial vessels was definitely less pronounced than in endoneurial vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690562
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  • 87
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    Early embryogenesis in Tropaeolum majus L.: Diversification of plastids (1976)
    Springer
    Planta 133 (1976), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Tropaeolum, Embryogenesis ; Differentiation ; Plastids ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Embryogeny in the nasturtium is characterized by the development of a large, tripartite suspensor and storing cotyledons. A light and electron microscopic study revealed an early diversification of the plastids in the various regions of the suspensor and the embryo proper. Amyloplasts are found in the developing cotyledons of the heart-like embryo, while chloroplasts occur within the meristematic part of the embryo and the adjacent portion of the suspensor. The cells between the meristem and the storing cotyledons display undifferentiated leukoplasts, whereas leukoplasts with an electron-dense matrix occur in the basal cell mass of the embryo-suspensor. Etioplasts develop in several cells of the placental haustorium of the suspensor. The carpel haustorium shows rather undifferentiated leukoplasts, which are transformed into electron-dense plastids during autolysis of the suspensor. This early plastidal differentiation in discussed with respect to its control and functional significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386000
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Prevention by steroids of cerium hepatotoxicity (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 35 (1976), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cerium ; Microsomal enzyme inducers ; Pregnenolone-16α-car-bonitrile ; Estradiol ; Fatty liver ; Ultrastructure ; Triglycerides ; Cerium ; Arzneimittelmetabolisierende Enzyme ; Pregneno-lon-16α-carbonitril „PCN“ ; Oestradiol ; Leberverfettung ; Elektronenmi-kroskopie ; Triglyceride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Vorbehandlung mit Steroiden und mit nicht steroidartigen Substanzen (Pregnenolon-16α-carbonitril „PCN“, Dexamethason, Spironolacton, Phenobarbital), welche die arzneimittelmetabolisierenden Enzyme der Leber stimulieren, und nach Oestradiol, wurde die Sterblichkeit und die Lebertoxicität der weiblichen Ratte erheblich verändert. PCN, Oestradiol, Dexamethason senken die hepatischen Triglyceride wesentlich, jedoch erhöht Dexamethason die Sensitivität der Tiere für CeCl3 bedeutend. Spironolacton und Phenobarbital üben keine große Wirkung auf die Triglyceride aus. Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie zeigten, daß die durch CeCl3 hervorgerufenen hepatocellulären Veränderungen durch PCN, Oestradiol und Dexamethason bedeutend verringert wurden. Die Steroide dürften die Verteilung und die Bindung des Metalles an das endoplasmatische Reticulum verändern, und somit diese Membranen vor Cerium schützen.
    Notes: Abstract In female rats, the lethality and hepatotoxicity of cerous chloride (CeCl3) were significantly altered by pretreatment with steroidal and nonsteroidal compounds (pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile “PCN”, dexamethasone, spironolactone, phenobarbital) that stimulate hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and by estradiol. PCN, estradiol, and dexamethasone considerably decreased hepatic triglycerides, but the latter steroid also greatly sensitized the animals to CeCl3 lethality. Spironolactone and phenobarbital similarly lowered the triglyceride level but not significantly. Light and electron microscopy indicated that the hepatocytic damage elicited by CeCl3 was decreased significantly by PCN, estradiol, and dexamethasone. The steroids may have altered the distribution and binding of the metal to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) thus protecting these membranes against the effect of cerium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372765
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  • 89
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    Ultrastructural investigations of peripheral nerves in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 213 (1976), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis ; Lipopigments ; Ultrastructure ; π-granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einem Patienten mit spätinfantiler und 3 mit juveniler NCL wurden periphere Nerven verschiedener Herkunft (Armplexus, N. suralis und 2 Hirnnerven) elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Im Lichtmikroskop wurden keine signifikanten histologischen Veränderungen gefunden. Kurvilineäre und/oder Fingerabdruck-Einschlüsse konnten ultrastrukturell in jedem Fall festgestellt werden, und zwar hauptsächlich in Schwannschen Zellen. Außerdem fanden sich lamelläre π-granulaähnliche Cytosomen. Sie kamen in den juvenilen Fällen gewöhnlich gar nicht und in dem spätinfantilen Fall lediglich vereinzelt mit kurvilineären/Fingerabdruck-Profilen gemeinsam vor. Bei spärlichen Veränderungen an Axonen und Myelinscheiden könnten diese Cytosomen Zeichen einer chronischen Schädigung der Schwannschen zellen sein und die spezifische morphologische Ausprägung eines „cellulären Verschleißprozesses“ darstellen, wie er im Alter und bei der NCL diskutiert wird. Biopsien aus peripheren Nerven eignen sich aufgrund der zahlreichen π-Granula und ihrer Varianten weniger zur Diagnose der NCL als beispielsweise solche der Haut, der Skeletmuskulatur und des Rectums.
    Notes: Summary Specimens of brachial plexus, sural nerve and two cranial nerves of one patient with the Jansky-Bielschowsky type and 3 patients with the Spielmeyer-Sjögren type of NCL were studied by electron microscopy. Significant light microscopic changes were absent in all specimens. Ultrastructurally, curvilinear and/or fingerprint inclusions were present in each case, located chiefly in Schwann cells. These diagnostic findings were, however, overshadowed by masses of lamellar π-granule-like cytosomes, usually not mixed with curvilinear or finger-print profiles in the juvenile cases and only rarely associated with curvilinear profiles in the late infantile case. Since secondary changes of axons and myelin sheaths were mild, these lamellar cytosomes might indicate chronic damage to Schwann cells, perhaps by “wear and tear” as seen in aging as well as NCL. On account of the abundance of π-granules in NCL, peripheral nerve biopsy appears less suitable for confirming this diagnosis than biopsy of skin, striated muscle and rectal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316269
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  • 90
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    Unusual cell structures in tumor-like formations of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Red algae ; Gracilaria verrucosa ; Tumor-like formations ; Ultrastructure ; Viruses ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Plastids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with electron microscopic observations on cultivated plants of the marine red alga Gracilaria verrucosa which developed simple galls; also sea collected material, without galls, had been studied. The galls showed unusual but characteristic cell structures, caterpillar-like bodies, containing rows of fusiform bodies. These were found mostly in the cytoplasm near the plastids, in one case connected with the endoplasmic reticulum, occasionally even inside the nucleus, and are described here, as far as we know, for the first time. It does not seem probable that the caterpillar-like bodies represent mitochondria or bacteria, but the hypothesis that fusiform bodies are related to virus-like structures is discussed. The normal tissues as well as the gall tissue of the laboratory plants contained, besides plastids typical for the red algae, another type of plastids characterized by tubular thylakoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428947
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  • 91
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    An ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosovibrio tenuis nov. gen. nov. sp. (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonia oxidizing bacterium ; Nitrosovibrio tenuis ; Isolation ; Morphology ; Ultrastructure ; Physiology ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ammonia-oxidizing, autotroph growing, slender, curved rod was isolated from the soil of Hawaii. It is well distinguishable from any other nitrifying bacteria thus far described by their morphology. The cells are 1.1–3.0 μm long and 0.3–0.4 μm wide. They are motile by means of 1–4 subpolar to lateral flagella. In contrast to most of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria the isolated vibrio is void of an extensive cytomembrane system. To categorize this not yet described species we propose to create the new genus Nitrosovibrio and to classify the isolated strain as Nitrosovibrio tenuis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425099
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  • 92
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    Ultrastructure of infection of Cokeromyces recurvatus by Piptocephalis unispora (Mucorales) (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Mucorales ; Piptocephalis ; Mycoparasitism ; Cokeromyces ; Yeastphase ; Appressorium ; Infection peg ; Penetration ; Haustorium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Infection of the mucoraceous host Cokeromyces recurvatus by Piptocephalis unispora was studied ultrastructurally, using a new technique involving yeast-phase cells of the host to obtain large numbers of infection sites for thin-sectioning. Morphologically, the haustorial apparatus was similar to that of fungi parasitic on higher plants, and comprised an appressorium, a neck region with a collar and a neck ring, and a lobed region surrounded by a sheath matrix enclosed in an extra-haustorial membrane. Penetration of the host by the infection peg probably involved both enzymatic degradation and physical pressure. Reaction of the host to infection is described and the results related to the theory of host infection by haustorial fungal parasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446639
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  • 93
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    Isolation of a moderate halophilic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosococcus mobilis nov. sp. (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrosococcus mobilis ; Ammonia oxidizing bacterium ; Morphology ; Ultrastructure ; Physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ammonia-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from a sample of brackish water (North Sea, Harbour of Husum). It is a motile large coccus 1.5–1.7 μm in diameter. The extensive cytomembrane system occurring as flattened vesicles in the peripheral region of the cytoplasm and as intrusions into the center of the cytoplasm is to be emphasized as a characteristic mark of identification. The lithoauto-trophically growing bacterium turned out to be an obligate halophile. Because of its physiological and morphological properties, we assigned it to the genus Nitrosoccus and propose the name Nitrosococcus mobilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425339
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of sclerotia-like cells in submerged Claviceps purpurea producing clavine alkaloids (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Claviceps purpurea ; Saprophytic ; Clavine alkaloids ; Ultrastructure ; Extended hyphae ; Blastospores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrathin sectioning of submerged mycelium of Claviceps purpurea Tul. producing clavine alkaloids revealed yeast-like budding resulting in asexual sporesblastospores. These deciduous spores were born by extended hyphal cells and retained the same ultrastructure of cell organelles. Both the extended hyphae and the blastospores resembled the cells of ergot sclerotial tissue. A surface culture of C. purpurea Tul. producing no alkaloids was used as a reference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425347
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of Nitrobacter in the presence of organic matter (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrobacter agilis ; Chemoorganotrophic growth ; Acetate ; Formate ; Pyruvate ; Yeast extract-peptone ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. After a resting period of up to 6 months cells of Nitrobacter agilis grow with acetate, formate, and pyruvate as carbon and energy source. Yeast extract and peptone were added to supply the organism with nitrogen and to meet possible vitamin requirements. 2. The length of the growth period depends on the substrate; it increases according to the following sequence: pyruvate, formate, acetate. The highest growth yield is observed with pyruvate, the lowest with formate. 3. O2 consumption is increased in the presence of substrates as compared to endogenous respiration. With pyruvate and acetate twice as much O2 is consumed, with formate 7 times, with yeast extractpeptone 10 times as much. 4. The ability of nitrite oxidation is largely preserved, except in cells grown with acetate or pyruvate in the presence of 0.015% yeast extract and peptone. Such cells have nearly no cytochrome a 1. Accordingly, the cytochrome spectra of nitrite oxidizers grown under chemoorganotrophic and lithoautotrophic conditions coincide qualitatively. 5. The nitrite oxidizing system is inducible. It is induced by nitrite but also by substances present in yeast extract and peptone. Cells grown on acetate and yeast extract and peptone (0.015%) require 3–4 weeks before they regain the ability to grow with nitrite. Cells grown chemoorganotrophically with the same substrates and yeast extract and peptone (0.15%) start growing with nitrite as energy source without a lag. 6. Cell size and form, distribution of storage materials, order and fine structure of double membranes are correlated with growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454857
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ultrastruktur und formalen Pathogenese des embryonalen Rhabdomyosarkoms (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 86 (1976), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyoblast ; Cellular Differentiation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden die cytomorphologischen Merkmale eines embryonalen Rhabdomyosarkoms des Nasenrachenraumes bei einem 10 jährigen Jungen aufgezeigt. Aufgrund der Ultrastruktur lassen sich im Tumor 4 Zelltypen darstellen: 1. Undifferenzierte mesenchymale Tumorzellen mit großem, euchromatischem Zellkern und schmalem, organellenarmem Cytoplasma; 2. undifferenzierte Tumorzellen mit einem Netzwerk von Intermediärfilamenten (Durchmesser etwa 100 Å) im breiten Cytoplasma; 3. unreife Rhabdomyoblasten mit zunehmender Entwicklung spezifische Myofilamente (Myosin: 180–210 Å, Actin: 68–80 Å Durchmesser); 4. reife Rhabdomyoblasten mit Myofibrillen in sarkomerischer Gliederung (Sarkomerlänge: 1,8 μ). Die starken Glykogenablagerungen in einigen cytoplasmareichen Tumorzellen werden als Zeichen eines Degenerationsprozesses gedeutet. Die cellulären Entwicklungsstadien des embryonalen Rhabdomyosarkoms sind identisch mit dem Ablauf der Embryogenese sowie der Regeneration normaler quergestreifter Muskulatur. Daher bieten sich für die Entstehung des embryonalen Rhabdomyosarkoms zwei Denkmodelle an: 1. Entstehung des Tumors aus einer undifferenzierten mesenchymalen Tumorstammzelle und 2. Atypische Regeneration nach Schädigung der quergestreiften Muskulatur mit Übergang in ein autonomes Tumorwachstum. Die zweite Hypothese ist jedoch wenig wahrscheinlich, da bis heute weder morphologisch noch experimentell eine derartige Tumorentstehung nachgewiesen werden konnte und zudem ätiologisch gesicherte Faktoren zur Induktion von Rhabdomyosarkomen beim Menschen fehlen.
    Notes: Summary An embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx of a 10 year old boy is analysed with light and electron microscopy. With regard to cell shape and cytoplasmic features the following four tumour cell types could be distinguished: 1. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with a big loosely packed nucleus and a small cytoplasmic rim with only few cell organelles; 2. Undifferentiated tumour cells with a broad cytoplasmic body which contains a dense network of nonspecific intermediate filaments with a diameter of about 100 Å; 3. Immature rhabdomyoblasts with randomly orientated specific myofilaments; 4. Fully differentiated rhabdomyoblasts with well developed myofibrils often showing a sarcomeric pattern. Glycogen deposits which were seen in great masses in many tumour cells were regarded to result from degenerative processes within the tumour. The cellular stages in the development of rhabdomyoblasts are basically identical to those known from the embryogenesis and regeneration of striated muscle. From these observations the two following developmental pathways are suggested: 1. Origin of the tumour from an undifferentiated mesenchymal cell; 2. Atypical regeneration of striated muscle which terminates in malignant progressive tumour growth. At present, the body of information about rhabdomyosarcomas supports the assumption of an origin from immature mesenchymal cells. Nevertheless, the second theory cannot be totally excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304934
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant cell tumor of soft parts (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 199-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Giant cell tumor of soft parts ; Histopathology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The light-microscopic and ultrastructural findings in a case of so-called giant cell tumor of soft parts, localized at the dorsal side of the left foot of a 23-years-old male are described. An amputation of the lower extremity was performed and subsequently chemotherapy with adriamycin was given for 3 months. Despite the histology and cytologic malignant appearance and the evident vascular invasion, already present at the time of the first excision, the last known status 2 years later seems favorable. There are no pathologic lymph nodes in the groins and no signs of metastases on chest X-rays. From the electron-microscopic study no definite conclusion can be drawn as regards the histogenesis of this tumor. We feel, as do others, that many of the principal mononuclear tumor cells are poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells. Some of the neoplastic cells, however, show ultrastructural features suggestive of chondro- or osteoblasts (a well-developed r.e.r. containing electron-dense material; multiple Golgi complexes; masses of glycogen; interdigitating cell membrane villi; cytoplasmic filaments; an extracellular amorphous matrix). Some of the larger tumor cells have the submicroscopic aspects of histiocytes as described in osseous, cutaneous, or pulmonary lesions of the histiocytosis X group. As yet undetermined cytoplasmic inclusion bodies constitute another rare observation in our material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433068
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphological study of smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 161-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Intestine ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative study of muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli is reported. Stereological methods were used on electron micrographs and phase contrast micrographs. Smooth muscle cells of taeniae fixed under 1 gram load were about 515 μm long. Muscle cell volume was about 3,500 μm3 and cell surface 5,300 μm2. About 168,000 caveolae were found at the surface of each muscle cell, covering about 29 percent of its surface. They produced a 73 percent increase of the cell membrane compared to a smooth-surfaced cell. The ratio surface-to-volume is about 1∶0.67 if the geometrical surface is considered, or 1∶0.39 if the total surface of the cell membrane (including the caveolae) is considered. Mitochondria constituted 3.5–4 percent of the cell volume. A few nexuses were observed, both between two muscle cells and between a muscle cell and an interstitial cell. In serial sections septa of connective tissue and groups of muscle cells were found to disappear within few tens of microns or to merge with other septa, and the taenia did not appear to be divided into clear-cut muscle cell bundles. Bundles of smooth muscle cells were seen passing from the taenia to the underlying circular muscle. The transverse sectional area of the taenia ranged between 0.14 and 0.39 mm2; it showed about 526 blood vessels · mm-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224297
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes in smooth muscle cells during isotonic contraction (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 187-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Contraction ; Taenia coli ; Ultrastructure ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli were studied in light and electron microscopy, in condition of mild stretch or of isotonic contraction. During contraction the cells increase in transverse sectional area and their packing density passes from 94,000 · mm-2 to 18,000 · mm-2. The percentage increase in transverse sectional area of the taenia is approximately the same as the percentage decrease in length. Measurements of cell transverse sectional area suggest that the individual cells shorten and fatten more than the taenia as a whole. Whereas stretched muscle cells run parallel to each other and show a fairly smooth surface, isotonically contracted cells are twisted and entwine around each other. Their surfaces are covered with myriad processes and folds. Longitudinal, transverse or oblique stripes are seen in light microscopy in the contracted muscle cells and it is suggested that they are related to the characteristics of the cell surface. In electron microscopy a complex pattern of interdigitating finger-like and laminar processes is observed. Caveolae are mainly found on the evaginated parts of the cell surface, dense patches are mainly (but not always) found on the invaginated parts. Desmosome-like attachments between contracted cells are frequent. The collagen fibrils run approximately parallel to the stretched muscle cells; on the other hand, they run obliquely and transversely around the isotonically contracted cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224298
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and regeneration of the eyes of strombid gastropods (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eyes ; Strombus ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tips of the eyestalks of three species of strombid gastropods were amputated and the structure of the fully developed eye investigated. The retina contains at least two types of cell: sensory cells bearing long tufts of microvilli with a central cytoplasmic core, and pigment cells with short microvilli. New eyes became visible at the tips of the eyestalk stump 5–16 days after amputation. When the regenerated eyes first appear, they consist of hollow balls of cells with a pigment lined cavity; two types of retinal cells are already distinguishable but their microvilli and cilia are small and sparse. The microvillous tufts and sensory cell contents develop quickly and about 14 days after their first appearance, the eye is a fully formed but miniature organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219410
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