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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (757)
  • 1993  (757)
  • Engineering General  (629)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dementia ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Electrophysiology ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-three HIV-positive patients with clinical signs of dementia according to the 1991 AAN criteria underwent psychometric, electrophysiological and radiological examination and were compared with a group of normal healthy subjects and a cohort of clinically asymptomatic HIV-1-positive individuals of comparable education and social environment. Compared with the other groups, test performance was severely impaired in the demented patients. Results of motor testing and MRI revealed that subcortical structures were not exclusively affected, but most severely and early, thus characterizing the clinical feature in HIV-1-associated dementia. In demented patients a rapid deterioration was observed, leading to death within about 12 months on average, which is a markedly shorter survival time than described in the literature for non-demented HIV-1-positive individuals.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome ; Pain sensation ; Temperature sensation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirteen patients with Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome (WLMS) were studied. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence demonstrated infarction in the dorsolateral medulla which produced loss of pain and temperature sensation on one side of the face ipsilateral to the lesion in seven patients. However, in another six patients, the infarction in a similar location produced the same sensory loss on the contralateral face. This is the first report of an analysis comparing these two conditions in WLMS patients, confirmed by MRI. The finding of normal blink reflex and somatosensory evoked potentials (stimulation on median nerve) in the two groups of patients may indicate that the impulses travel along the central pathways of touch, vibration and joint position sensation instead of the pathways for pain and temperature, because the patients had normal sensation of touch, vibration and joint position but impairment of pain and temperature sensation. In addition, it is suggested that the pathways of late blink reflex (R2) pass through the medial lemniscus in the ventromedial medulla instead of the spinal trigeminal tract in the dorsolateral medulla. Further, the observation of the much longer lantencies (about 29 ms) of the normal R2 raises the possibility that the impulses may travel along the longer pathways through the opposite medial lemniscus and up to the thalamus or cortex where they project to bilateral motoneurons of the orbicularis oculi muscles. Although the alternative of R2 travelling only by the shorter pathways through the brain stem is not excluded, this is not supported by current data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 8-12 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Myotonic dystrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Mental retardation ; Dementia ; Muscle imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is characterized by myotonia, weakness and extramuscular symptoms, including intellectual impairment. We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and muscle in 25 MD patients: 81% had cerebral atrophy (severe in 36%); 68% had focal white matter lesions, which were large and multiple in 27%. Brain MRI findings correlated with mental impairment; the severity of both correlated with disease duration. Changes in brain and muscle MRI were progressive with time, but independent of each other. Muscle MRI findings were fatty degeneration and loss of bulk. In the calves, the medial gastrocnemius muscles were involved earliest and the posteriortibial muscles relatively spared. In the thighs the vastus muscles were damaged most often and the rectus femoris least. Focal muscle damage was efficiently visualized, sometimes preceding clinical detection. Muscle MRI was less sensitive than conventional methods for early diagnosis, but ideal for follow-up, owing to its non-invasiveness and examiner-independence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebellar encephalitis ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Varicella-zoster ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 11 adult patients with cerebellar encephalitis (CE) during the acute phase of the disease and at least 12 months later. Five patients were aged between 23 and 31 years, 3 patients between 43 and 44 years and 3 patients between 60 and 64 years. Serological tests gave evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in 4 of the 5 young patients. Two patients had serological evidence of varicella-zoster virus reactivation, whereas the serological findings were negative in all other cases. All patients in the younger and middle age groups recovered within 3–30 weeks after onset of CE. If at all, they had only minor cerebellar deficits at the follow-up examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination performed at the follow-up examination was normal in all of them. In contrast, 2 of 3 patients older than 60 years had persistent cerebellar ataxia following CE. In these patients, MRI revealed infratentorial atrophy. Our data show that the clinical spectrum of CE in adults is wider than assumed so far. In addition to typical cases of CE in young male patients with good recovery, CE may also occur in older patients and give rise to persistent cerebellar ataxia.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In patients with clinically isolated spinal disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive method of detecting surgically treatable causes and is also useful in detecting asymptomatic brain lesions where the cord syndrome is due to multiple sclerosis (MS). We report the findings of spinal and brain MRI in 28 patients with spinal cord disorder due to MS. It was possible to detect intrinsic plaques reliably in the majority of patients (60.7%) with clinical findings of spinal cord MS. The results of MRI are compared with the clinical status and with cerebrospinal fluid findings and evoked potentials.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 113-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Delayed neurological deterioration ; Carbon monoxide ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present two patients with delayed neurological deterioration following apparent recovery from carbon monoxide poisoning in whom magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormalities. In the first patient, cortical grey matter abnormalities were seen without white matter changes. Visual evoked potentials were, however, abnormal. In the second, diffuse white matter lesions were detected. In neither patient were basal ganglia lesions seen.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 251-253 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Leber's optic neuropathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Parinaud's syndrome ; Oculopalatal myoclonus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six months after the onset of visual loss a 23-year-old male patient with Leber's optic neuropathy associated with a mitochondrial DNA mutation developed brain stem involvement with Parinaud's syndrome and oculopalatal myoclonus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a high signal area in the brain stem, corresponding to a hypodense area in the CT scan that did not show contrast enhancement. Distinct diminution but not complete remission of the MRI findings was found in the 5-year follow-up, which was not accompanied by clinical improvement. Although the MRI findings were compatible with a demyelinating lesion, neither extensive evoked potential studies nor spinal fluid examination supported this.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Hypomelanosis of Ito ; Fetal macrocephaly ; Neonatal epileptic encephalopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A severe form of hypomelanosis of Ito is reported, which presented as fetal macrocephaly and neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. Lymphocyte karyotypes were normal. MRI showed an absence of delineation between cortical grey matter and white matter. The prominent neuropathological finding was an abnormal cortical morphogenesis, with the co-existence of cells migrating normally and cells exhibitingarrêt en route or even the complete absence of migration. Intense astrocytic reaction with moderate dystrophie features was prescrit. Juxtaposition of two migration behaviours in the neural cells paralleled the cutaneous findings and reinforced the hypothesis of a genetic chimerism.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 407-409 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Palatal myoclonus ; Inferior olive ; Pseudohypertrophy ; Head injury ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients are described, in whom MRI detected unilateral signal abnormalities in the region of the inferior olivary nuclei, suggesting an early stage of olivary hypertrophy. MRI was performed 4 and 7 weeks respectively after traumatic brain-stem injury. Palatal myoclonus was concomitantly observed in one patient, while the other showed no evidence of segmental myoclonus at the time of examination. The authors conclude that MRI is highly sensitive in the detection of olivary hypertrophy and of traumatic lesions of the dentatorubro-olivary pathway.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 423-426 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Electroencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the MRI changes preceding the onset of myoclonus in two patients whose post-mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). MRI showed changes in the striatum early in the course of CJD (2–6 months after the onset of apathy, interpreted as depression, and 1–2 months before the onset of further clinical symptoms). Only in one patient did electroencephalography record the typical triphasic sharp-waves, 1 month after MRI.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 172-175 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Endocranial calcifications ; Infantile celiac disease-epilepsy ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Electroencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors report on five patients (three female, two male) with multiple brain calcifications, infantile celiac disease, and epilepsy. The clinical, neuroradiological, neurophysiological, EEG and evolutional aspects are assessed. The authors propose that all patients with brain calcifications which cannot be traced to other known pathologies should undergo diagnostic tests for a malabsorption syndrome; analogously, patients affected with infantile celiac disease should undergo EEG, followed by a neuroradiological examination if the EEG pattern is found to be altered.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Surgical decompression ; Visual recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 3-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of total blindness. There were no features of raised intracranial pressure or endocrine disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a giant craniopharyngioma measuring 5x3 cm. It was located in the suprasellar region and produced a mass effect with compression of the III and both lateral ventricles. The tumour extended downwards into the pituitary fossa. Urgent surgical decompression and subtotal excision of the tumour resulted in complete visual recovery in the right eye. The left eye remained blind. The blindness might have been caused by direct pressure on the optic nerves and chiasma by the tumour. The lack of visual recovery in the left eye may be the consequence of additional ischaemic insult to the left optic nerve. It is concluded that surgical decompression should be carried out in a patient with a giant craniopharyngioma presenting with total blindness before the condition is considered hopeless.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 391-393 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Lissencephalies ; Imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Based on the published literature and on our own experiences in the imaging of lissencephalies with ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we propose a strategy for the use of the different methods depending on the clinical symptoms and the age of the patient. In newborns and babies with suspected lissencephaly ultrasound should be used as the first method. If there is a cortical malformation and a more thorough examination seems necessary, CT can be used in type I lissencephaly. However, due to its excellent grey-white matter contrast MRI is the best method for imaging of lissencephalies. Especially in the diagnosis of type II lissencephaly, MRI is definitely superior to CT and US, and so it should be used in all patients with Walker-Warburg syndrome and other congenital muscular dystrophies as well as in all doubtful cases. It must always be remembered that the extent of the cortical dysplasias is quite variable, as is the presence of further malformations.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Neurofibromatosis type 1 ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Central nervous system imaging abnormalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of the reevaluation of 24 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) using central nervous system (CNS) imaging techniques. The first examination by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated the presence of optic glioma in three cases, “unidentified bright objects” (UBOs) in six, and a suspected right frontal tumor in one. In two patients optic glioma and UBOs were both present and in one of them a bulbar tumor was also suspected. Later imaging examinations revealed the appearance of optic glioma in three more cases and UBOs in nine. In two of these patients both optic glioma and UBOs were present. This study indicates that the likelihood of detecting imaging abnormalities in patients with NF1 increases when systematic follow-up is performed. Optic gliomas are characteristic of pediatric patients; they rarely give rise to clinical manifestations (1/6 cases) and in general progress very slowly. For these reasons, therapeutic strategy must be carefully considered and individually decided. UBOs are very frequent findings in pediatric patients with NF 1 and therefore they must be considered diagnostically relevant. They are not related to clinical manifestations and spontaneous regression has been observed. The nature of these imaging abnormalities is still unknown, but because they do not behave like tumors, useless and dangerous therapeutic procedures should not be employed.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Glioblastoma multiforme ; CSF dissemination ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Multiple cranial nerve palsy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 9-year, 6-month-old boy presented with peripheral-type multiple cranial nerve palsy due to extensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination of intracranial glioblastoma multiforme. Tissue obtained from biopsydid not stain for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The relationship between GFAP-negative tumor cells and extensive CSF dissemination agreed with recent reports. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium-DPTA enhancement clearly depicted not only the cranial meningeal dissemination but also spinal metastasis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed undoubted usefulness in demonstrating disseminated glioblastoma.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Elderly ; Periscapular mass ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Short T2 ; Elastofibroma dorsi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Elastofibroma dorsi is a rarely made radiological diagnosis. The rarity of the condition, lack of a suitable imaging modality, and an inconsistent clinical approach in evaluating indeterminate soft tissue tumors has contributed to this failure. With magnetic resonance imaging now being recognized as the examination of choice for all indeterminate soft tissue tumors, a prebiopsy diagnosis can frequently be made by radiologists familiar with the characteristic periscapular location, predilection for elderly females, and short T2 on magnetic resonance imaging.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 22 (1993), S. 187-190 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Occipital condyles ; Fracture ; Computed tomography ; Pathogenic mechanism ; Neurologic damage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fractures of the occipital condyle are rare; 32 cases have been reported in the literature.Here, the authors describe four additional cases of occipital condylar fracture. Anderson's classification is used: type I fracture: comminution of the condyle without significant displacement; type II: basilar fracture extending into the condyle; type III: condylar avulsion. The possible mechanisms are identified. Computed tomography proved essential in diagnosing these fractures; coronal reconstructions together with axial scans are particularly helpful. Three-dimensional reconstruction did not prove essential in diagnosing these fractures.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; angio MR ; phase contrast magnetic resonance ; spinal cord arteriovenous malformations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spite of the recent advances in neuroradiology including the CT scan and the spin-echo-magnetic resonance (MR), accurate diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving the spinal cord is still based on selective angiography. This last procedure is invasive and needs to be repeated during the follow up. Phase contrast angio MR was performed with a 0.5 Tesla unit on 12 patients with an AVM involving the spinal cord (7 intramedullary AVMs, 4 perimedullary fistulas, and 1 dural fistula with perimedullary venous drainage); 4 of these were investigated before and after treatment. Angio MR showed abnormal vascular patterns within the spinal canal in all cases, without distinguishing between arteries and veins; the nidus of the intramedullary AVMs was displayed in all cases. Angio MR provided images of the whole AVMs comparable to the angiographic pictures, in contrast to the spin-echo MR, which provided only discontinued images of the vessels. The efficient range of velocity providing images varied, according to the type of the malformation (slow for dural fistulas, rapid for intra-medullary AVMs). In the 4 patients investigated after treatment, comparison of the images obtained before and after treatment permitted assessment of the degree of occlusion of the malformation. Finally, angio MR as a complement of spin-echo MR can now be used as a reliable tool for detection of spinal cord AVMs, assessing the indication for angiography, and, furthermore, it can probably replace most of the postoperative control angiographies. The value of the efficient imaging velocity is disputable but seems to depend on the haemodynamic characteristics of the malformation and may then serve as a guide to angiography.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Dysphagia 8 (1993), S. 235-238 
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Dysphagia ; Brainstem stroke/infarction ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Swallowing ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with clinically probable brain-stem stroke presenting primarily as acute dysphagia but without visible brainstem abnormality by MRI are described. The patients were evaluated with neurologic examinations, cinepharyngoesophagography, and brain MRI studies. Each patient solely or predominately experienced sudden pharyngeal dysphagia, and additional symptoms or signs other than dysphonia or dysarthria were scarce. Small vessel disease or cardiac embolism were the apparent causes of what appear to have been very discrete brainstem strokes in these patients. Acute pharyngeal dysphagia can be the sole or primary manifestation of brainstem stroke. A negative MRI study should not preclude consideration of this diagnosis, if brainstem stroke is otherwise clinically probable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 15 (1993), S. 21-29 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Liver anatomy ; Large inferior right hepatic vein ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Intraoperative ultrasonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les vv. hépatiques droites moyennes et inférieures sont très fréquentes voire constantes, mais le plus souvent de petit diamètre. L'existence d'une v. hépatique droite inférieure de grand diamètre, le plus souvent unique, entraine une variation dans le drainage veineux du lobe droit du foie. Les vv. hépatiques droites inférieures atteignant ou dépassant 0,5 cm de diamètre ont été recherchées sur 125 préparations anatomiques du foie : 70 pièces d'injection-corrosion, 32 foies embaumés au formol et sur des coupes du tronc frontales ou frontales-obliques effectuées chez 23 cadavres. La fréquence de ces veines a été estimée à 9 % sur les pièces d'injection-corrosion, 13 % sur les coupes et 16 % sur les foies embaumés au formol. Dans la littérature, la fréquence de ces veines varie de 10 % à 24 % selon la méthode employée pour les reconnaitre. naitre. Un balancement équilibré existe le plus souvent entre les vv. hépatiques droites supérieure et inférieure. Exceptionnellement la v. hépatique droite inférieure est prédominante par rapport à la v. hépatique droite supérieure. La situation d'une v. hépatique droite inférieure de grand diamètre est constante, à proximité de la face viscérale du foie. Le territoire qui lui est propre est le segment VI, mais il peut déborder un peu sur les segments voisins. En clinique, l'existence d'une v. hépatique droite inférieure de grand diamètre, reconnue par l'IRM et surtout repérée par l'échographie per-opératoire, permet de réaliser une hépatectomie sub-totale en ne conservant que le segment VI. Dans certaines circonstances pathologiques, grâce au développement des anastomoses entre les vv. hépatiques, une v. hépatique droite inférieure de grand diamètre peut contribuer à une suppléance circulatoire en direction de l'atrium droit.
    Notes: Summary The right middle and inferior hepatic vv. are very frequent, indeed constant, but usually of small caliber. The presence of an extra-wide right inferior hepatic v., usually solitary, produces a variation in the venous drainage of the right lobe of the liver. The right inferior hepatic vv. reaching or exceeding a caliber of 0.5 cm were investigated in 125 anatomic liver specimens: 70 injection-corrosion specimens, 32 formolised livers and frontal or frontal-oblique sections of the trunk made in 23 cadavers. The incidence of such vv. was estimated at 9% in the injection-corrosion specimens, 13% in the sections and 16% in the formolised livers. The incidence of these vv. in the literature varies from 10% to 24% according to the method used to demonstrate them. Usually, there is a balance between the right superior and inferior hepatic vv. Rarely, the right inferior hepatic v. predominates compared with the right superior hepatic v. The position of an extra-wide right inferior hepatic v. is constant, close to the visceral aspect of the liver. Its appropriate territory is segment VI, but it may encroach somewhat on adjacent segments. Clinically, the existence of an extra-wide right inferior hepatic v. as detected by MRI and, especially, located by intraoperative ultrasonography, allows performance of a subtotal hepatectomy leaving only segment VI. In certain pathologic conditions, thanks to the development of anastomoses between the hepatic vv., an extra-wide right inferior hepatic v. may contribute to a compensatory circulation towards the right atrium.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Adrenal glands ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nineteen patients with adrenal masses (9 metastases and 10 adenomas) were studied with magnetic resonance spin-echo sequences and with dynamic perfusion with gradient-echo (GE) sequences after gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid injection. In studies following Gd-DTPA injection, sequential imaging during suspended respiration was obtained. Signal intensities of adrenal masses and retroperitonel fat were measured in the region of interest. The relative signal intensities of lesion and fat were determined and compared in dynamic contrast-enhanced studies. Results were tabulated and plotted in diagrams as a function of time. Sixteen lesions out of 19 were correctly classified by means of SE sequences, with an 84% diagnostic accuracy, whereas 18 out of 19 lesions were characterized by means of GE sequences, with a 95% accuracy. In the dynamic study, adenomas showed mild enhancement and quicker washout than metastases which, in turn, showed a strong enhancement and a much slower washout. The most significant values were obtained in scans taken after 10 min, where adenomas showed signal to lesion/signal to fat values lower than 1.1, whereas metastases showed much higher values in all cases.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 258-260 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Myxoma ; Neoplasm ; Muscle tissue ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 58-year-old woman with a large intramuscular myxoma of the left thigh was studied with standard X-rays, ultrasonography, CT, MRI and incisional biopsy. MRI provided the most complete information, giving sufficient data for a correct therapeutic approach.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 337-341 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Porencephalic cyst ; Cerebral hemiatrophy ; Ulegyria ; Post-traumatic infarction ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whereport seven cases of porencephalic cyst associated with cerebral hemiatrophy. One case was due to an unknown prenatal factor. One case had maternal injury and shock, which presumably caused temporary fetal asphyxia. One case had perinatal asphyxia. The other four cases had infantile head injury; of these, two cases had serial follow-up computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that verified the evidence of post-traumatic infarction of the brain, and then caused porencephaly with cerebral hemiatrophy. In the other two cases, MRI clearly showed “ulegyria” on the side of the lesion, which is evidence of remote hypoxic ischemic damage. These cases lead us to believe that hypoxic ischemic damage of the brain is the etiology of porencephalic cyst when associated with cerebral hemiatrophy or when adjacent ulegyria is present.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Avascular necrosis ; Bone marrow oedema ; Hip ; Histology ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bone marrow oedema syndrome (BMOS) of the hip includes severe hip joint pain, focal loss of radiodensity in radiographs, increased uptake in bone scintigrams and the pattern of bone marrow oedema in the femoral heads in MRI scans. In 15 patients (16 hip joints) we found the clinical and radiological signs of BMOS. On T1-weighted MRI images areas of low signal intensity could be observed in the head, neck and the intertrochanteric region of the femur in various extensions. These areas showed a significant increase in signal intensity on the T2-weighted images. Because pain was resistant to conservative therapy all these patients were treated by core decompression of the femoral head in a prospective study. Bone cores were evaluated histologically using undecalcified sections and quantitative microradiography. The existence of intramedullary oedema in exactly the regions exhibiting the MRI pattern of bone marrow oedema was verified histologically; however, bone and marrow changes similar to those of early avascular necrosis (AVN) were also visible. These findings support our assumption that BMOS might be a transitory initial phase of AVN. Therefore core decompression treatment for patients suffering pain from BMOS is recommended after excluding other diseases.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Intracranial tuberculoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The appearances of intracranial tuberculoma on CT and MRI are described. Eight patients (6 males and 2 females) with intracranial tuberculomas studied over the past 4 years are presented. Four patients had AIDS and among the four non-AIDS patients 1 had undergone hepatic transplantation. All the cases were studied with CT and 6 underwent MRI. Five lesions were infratentorial, and 2 patients had double lesions. In 2 patients obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus was present. No patient had meningeal involvement. The stage of evolution was cerebritis in 1 case, incipient tuberculoma in 3 cases, mature tuberculoma in 1 case and tuberculous abscess in 5 cases. Diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma was determined histologically in 5 patients and by good response to specific therapy in the remaining patients. Although CT allows differentiation between incipient and mature tuberculoma, MRI allows a better determination of the evolutonary stage. In most cases combined CT and MRI examinations provide an accurate diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 507-512 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Aortic valvular insufficiency ; Blood flow quantification ; Grading ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Flow-encoded MRI sequences nowadays allow a quantitative evaluation of blood flow in any slice position. For the first time there is the possibility of determining quantitatively the volumes of both left ventricular ejection and regurgitation over the aortic valve in a non-invasive ways, thus obtaining the regurgitation fraction as a reliable measure for the evaluation of aortic valvular insufficiencies. The quantitative assessment of aortic valvular insufficiencies was carried out by MRI and compared with the diagnosis by means of Doppler ultrasound and in some cases by cardiac catheter also. The new MRI method is characterized by a good correlation with the clinical grading of aortic valvular insufficiencies. It should be possible to develop a new non-invasive standard for quantifying aortic valvular insufficiencies.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Corpus callosum ; Malformative syndromes ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A morphological analysis of the corpus callosum has been carried out in an MRI study of 34 children with malformative syndromes and 35 normal children. We used a new morphometric method based on measurement of five specific angles. Values outside the range of normality have been found in patients with malformations of the skull, including turricephaly, acrocephaly and frontonasal dysplasia. The results have confirmed the reliability of this method for study of the conformation of the corpus callosum and of its topographical relations with the other cerebral structures.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Vein of Galen malformation ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Cerebral atrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Newborn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a full-term newborn girl with a giant vein of Galen malformation and extreme cerebral atrophy of prenatal origin. She presented on the 3rd day of life with intractable congestive heart failure. The diagnosis of the vascular malformation was confirmed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Chiari I malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pathogenesis ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Skull radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skull dimensions were measured on lateral skull radiographs in 33 adult patients with MRI-verified Chiari I malformations and in 40 controls. The posterior cranial fossa was significantly smaller and shallower in patients than in controls. In the patients, there was a positive correlation between posterior fossa size and the degree of the cerebellar ectopia, which might indicate that a posterior cranial fossa which was originally too small had been expanded by the herniation of hindbrain structures at an early stage. Pyramidal signs and cerebellar symptoms and signs, which may be due to compression of neural structures, were associated with a large degree of ectopia and a relatively large posterior cranial fossa. Syringomyelia and headache, which may be due to the valve action of the herniated cerebellar tissue, were not associated with a particularly large posterior fossa or herniation. No special clinical presentation was associated with a very small posterior cranial fossa, which may indicate that a small posterior cranial fossa per se has little or no clinical significance, although it may be the primary developmental anomaly.
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  • 30
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 130-133 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Wilson's disease ; Hepatolenticular degeneration ; Penicillamine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight patients with Wilson's disease (WD) were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain; seven also underwent X-ray computed tomography (CT) of the brain. We describe the changes in the brain and try to correlate them with the clinical manifestations and progress of the disease. Six patients were symptomatic, with predominantly neurological problems. Two were asymptomatic, diagnosed upon screening siblings of index cases. Of the six symptomatic patients, five had basal ganglia lesions, combined in four with brain stem changes; in one with only brain stem abnormalities, clinical findings were minimal despite pronounced MRI changes. In three patients MRI abnormalities regressed following chelating therapy. MRI can contribute to documentation of early neurological involvement in WD, especially in patients with no abnormalities on CT. However, MRI changes may not correlate with clinical presentation or response to therapy.
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  • 31
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 134-141 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Wilson's disease ; Copper ; Chelating agents ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Relaxation times
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen patients with Wilson's disease were examined, using spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) sequences with 0.5 T and 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) imagers. They fell into three groups: groups 1 and 2 were examined retrospectively after 3–18 years of treatment, while group 3 was examined prospectively from the start of treatment, after recommencement of treatment, or inadequate treatment. MRI was sensitive to changes in the basal ganglia at sites typical of Wilson's disease and was useful for documenting the effects of treatment. It was found necessary to estimate the relaxation times T1 and T2, to better assess improvement or transient worsening of the disease in the prospective group. Residual cavitation and gliosis could be distinguished in the retrospective group using a subtraction technique.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Behçet's disease ; Central nervous system ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of central nervous system Behçet's disease, studied by gadolinium-enhanced MRI, are presented. In one patient, whose clinical picture was dominated by a brain stem syndrome, the gadolinium enhancement resolved with clinical improvement, although the hyperintense areas in the mesencephalon on T2-weighted images persisted. In the second, who had a pseudobulbar palsy and a mild right hemiparesis, there were many abnormal areas, but an enhancing focus in the posterior limb of the left internal capsule was probably the lesion responsible for the hemiparesis.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain iron ; Basal ganglia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Heavily T2-weighted spin echo sequences of the brain show age-dependent low signal intensity in many extrapyramidal nuclei. Although it has been suggested that this low intensity results from non-haem iron, the specific influence of non-haem iron on the T2 relaxation time has not been quantified and remains controversial. The T2 relaxation times of the globus pallidus and putamen were measured from MRI at 1.5T in 27 healthy patients, by using a mathematical model. They were then plotted as a function of age and compared to the curve of age-dependent iron concentration determined post mortem. The curves of T2 relaxation time in the basal ganglia are congruent with published curves of iron concentration, indicating a high probability that the changes in T2 relaxation times and the low signal in the basal ganglia result from the local, age-dependent iron deposition. Individual measurements of T2 relaxation time show less variation before than after 45 years of age, indicating the influence of a second, more individual factor.
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  • 34
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 151-155 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; White matter lesions ; Cerebrovascular disease ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical significance of high-intensity foci in the white matter on magnetic resonance images of the brain was studied in 351 adults. The foci frequently occurred in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale. The frequency and extent of the foci were closely related to age and to a previous history of cerebrovascular disease. Patients without such a history but with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease tended to have these foci more frequently than those without risk factors.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Optic neuritis ; Optic nerve ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary MRI was performed on seven patients with acute optic neuritis, using two sequences which suppress the signal from orbital fat: frequency-selective fat-saturation and inversion recovery with a short inversion time. Lesions were seen on both sequences in all the symptomatic optic nerves studied.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Glioblastoma ; Surgery ; Methaemoglobin ; Hydrogen peroxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of glioblastomas to assess residual tumour should be performed within the first 4 days following surgery. Early methaemoglobin formation near the resection site may mimic residual tumour if only gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced images are obtained. In a prospective study 24 of 54 patients (44%) showed well-defined areas of increased signal intensity on unenhanced T1-weighted images performed soon after surgery. By in vitro experiments we showed that hydrogen peroxide used in neurosurgery as a styptic agent accelerates formation of methaemoglobin when added to whole blood samples.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Gadodiamide ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventy-nine patients with known or suspected central nervous system lesions were studied with MRI in a phase III double-blind study. Forty were given gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) and 39 gadodiamide injection (Gd-DTPA BMA), a new low-osmolar nonionic contrast enhancing medium. The dosage was 0.1 mmol/kg body weight, corresponding to 0.2 ml/kg. Spin-echo sequences were performed before and immediately after injection. The safety and efficacy of the two contrast media were assessed. No changes were observed in blood pressure, heart rate or neurological status. Five adverse effects (two episodes of headaches, two of nausea and one of dizziness) were reported by 2 patients who received gadodiamide injection and 1 who received gadopentetate dimeglumine. All events were mild and their relationship to the contrast media was uncertain. For both contrast media statistically significant changes in serum iron were observed 24 h after injection. More than 70% of the patients had abnormal findings on MRI, and in 56% of these contrast enhancement of the abnormal structure or lesion was seen. Contrast enhancement provided the diagnosis in about 50%, changed it in 40% and increased diagnostic confidence in 95%.
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  • 38
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lhermitte-Duclos disease ; Ganglioglioma ; Gd-DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The MRI and CT studies of four patients with ganglion cell tumours, one with a cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease), and three with gangliogliomas are reported. MRI in Lhermitte-Duclos disease clearly demonstrated a mass of low signal intensity in the left cerebellum on T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) images and an area of high signal intensity with a blurred margin on T2-weighted SE images. These MRI studies were useful for delineating the lesion, which was verified at surgery. In the ganglioglioma, MRI demonstrated two isointense solid masses on T1-weighted SE images, which enhanced clearly with Gd-DTPA. The enhancement study was advantageous in planning surgery.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Subependymoma ; Ventricular tumor ; Septum pellucidum ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subependymoma is a rare, benign intraventricular tumour and a case of septum pellucidum origin examined with CT and MR is reported. Well demarcated non-enhancing mass with multiple small intratumoral cysts is demonstrated on CT and MR images. The differential diagnosis from ependymoma has some therapeutic implications but may not be possible by CT or MRI.
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  • 40
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 187-189 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain neoplasm ; Meningioma ; Xanthomatous metaplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of meningioma with extensive xanthomatous metaplasia occurring in the left frontal convexity of a 37-year-old woman is reported. The tumour was demonstrated as a hypodense mass with minimal enhancement on CT. Our findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging may provide a clue to the diagnosis of meningiomas with extensive xanthomatous metaplasia when CT is less specific.
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  • 41
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 196-198 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Intracranial aneurysm ; Basilar artery ; Ectasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of pure motor hemiparesis due to a pontine lacunar infarct is reported. Infarction was related to vertebrobasilar ectasia identified on CT, MRI and MR angiography. MR studies provide accurate information on anatomical location, residual lumen, partial thrombosis, mass effect on brain stem and CSF pathways and vascular complications.
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  • 42
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Fat embolism ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Single photon emission computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a patient with fat embolism to the brain CT showed no abnormality. MRI performed after recovery from coma, when the patient had aphasia and quadriparesis, demonstrated multiple high signal abnormalities in the white matter on both T1- and T2-weighted images. HMPAO-SPECT showed left-sided hypoperfusion which resolved in parallel with clinical improvement 1 month later.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Dural arteriovenous malformation ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Varix ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Thrombosed aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the posterior cranial fossa are relatively infrequent. Intradural haemorrhage is one of their specific complications. Angiographic demonstration of varices or aneurysmal structures is one of the hallmarks of severe cases. We report a patient with posterior cranial fossa dural AVM associated with a varix mimicking a thrombosed aneurysm on CT and MRI. Internal carotid and vertebral angiography failed to demonstrate an aneurysm, but external carotid injection revealed a dural AVM affecting the sigmoid sinus, and a varix. The AVM was completely eliminated by embolization. When a dural AVM is suspected clinically selctive angiography should be performed to confirm the diagnosis even when CT or MRI do not show dilated vessels.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma ; Tuberculoma, intracranial ; Tuberculosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intramedullary tuberculoma is rare, and there has been no report of concurrent intramedullary and intracerebral tuberculomas. We report a 30-year-old man with miliary tuberculosis of the lung. He suffered sudden paraplegia due to tuberculomas in the thoracic spinal cord and MRI showed more tuberculomas in the cervical spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. The tuberculomas were isointense on the T1-weighted images, and hyperintense on the T2-weighted images; there was marked enhancement with intravenous gadolinium-DTPA. All the tuberculomas were very small 1 year after antituberculous chemotherapy.
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  • 45
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 234-237 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Bones, dysostoses ; Fibrous dysplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Osteochondrodysplasias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five patients with biopsy-proven craniofacial fibrous dysplasia underwent MRI with T1- and T2-weighted sequences and a gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. Low to intermediate signal intensity was usually seen in the largest part of the lesion on both spin-echo sequences, but smaller regions of hyperintensity on T1- and T2-weighted images and intermediate signal intensity throughout a lesion on T1-weighted images were also seen. All lesions enhanced but only two became iso- or hyperintense compared to fat. High clinical and pathological activity in three cases correlated with high signal intensity on both spin-echo sequences and with strong enhancement in two of the three. The presence of large veins or sinusoids on pathological examination did not correlate with the enhancement pattern.
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  • 46
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 251-253 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Cyst ; Pineal cyst ; Normal variant ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Review of 500 consecutive MRI studies was undertaken to assess the frequency and the appearances of cystic pineal glands. Cysts were encountered in 2.4% of cases. Follow-up examination demonstrated no change in these cysts and they were considered to be a normal variant. Size, MRI appearances and signs associated with this condition are reported in order to establish criteria of normality.
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  • 47
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 254-255 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Third ventricle ; Teratoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case in which CT and MRI showed evidence of intraventricular fat, which proved to have come from a ruptured malignant teratoma.
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  • 48
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 247-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six patients with haemorrhage into intracranial neuromas were studied by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 0.5 T with spinecho pulse sequences. The nature of the tumour and the presence of a haematoma were confirmed by surgery and microscopic examination in all cases. Four neuromas arose from the acoustic nerves and two from the trigeminal. Four of the six patients suffered from sudden onset or rapid worsening of symptoms including headache, vertigo and/or hemifacial motor and sensory disturbances. CT in the acute stage revealed a hyperdense area or a fluid-fluid level (FFL). The hyperdense area disappeared on CT repeated in the chronic stage. On MRI in subacute and chronic stages the haemorrhage showed hyperintensity on both T1 and T2 weighting in five cases examined between 16 and 46 days after the onset, and isointensity on T1 weighting and an FFL on T2 weighting in one case examined 12 days after the onset of symptoms. A well-defined low intensity rim indicating prior haemorrhage was observed on T2-weighted images in three cases. MRI was more effective than CT in detecting haemorrhage into the tumours and in staging it.
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  • 49
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 256-257 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Dermoid cyst ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A fourth ventricular dermoid cyst examined by CT, MRI and angiography is reported. The combination of CT density and MRI signal indicated the presence of hair within the cyst, which was confirmed at surgery.
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  • 50
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 258-260 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Rathke cleft cyst ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients with large Rathke's cleft cysts in the sella turcica and suprasellar region presented with visual impairment and hypopituitarism. The entirely different CT and MRI appearances of the two cysts were thought to depend principally on the protein content of the cyst fluid.
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  • 51
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 270-271 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Acoustic neuroma ; Dural tail sign ; Gd-DTPA ; Meningioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A “dural tail” on Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI has been often observed adjacent to meningiomas and considered to be useful in distinguishing meningioma of the cerebellopontine angle from acoustic neuroma. However, demonstration of a dural tail adjacent to an acoustic neuroma indicates that this sign is not specific.
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  • 52
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 279-280 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gliosarcoma ; Posterior cranial fossa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the MR findings of a biopsyproven gliosarcoma of the posterior cranial fossa. Multiple homogeneously enhancing lesions had shaggy margins and broad-based dural attachments, which may reflect the gliomatous and sarcomatous element of this tumour.
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  • 53
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 286-287 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebellum ; Cerebellar agenesis ; Cerebellar anomaly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a 58-year-old asymptomatic woman with subtotal developmental absence of the cerebellum. MRI evaluation showed minute remnants of cerebellar tissue corresponding to the anterior quadrangular lobules. These findings identified the anomaly as subtotal cerebellar agenesis, and excluded other diagnostic possibilities.
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  • 54
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 312-315 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Venous stasis ; Oedema ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brown-Séquard syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Venous hypertension and stagnant hypoxia in the human spinal cord are poorly understood. We report a case in which a partial Brown-Séquard syndrome resulted from obstruction of venous drainage on one side of the spinal cord. Neurological deterioration and eventual recovery paralleled the formation and clearance of oedema. The clinical and MRI findings support the contention that spinal cord injury arising as a result of obstruction to venous outflow occurs primarily in the white matter, spreading secondarily to the grey matter, and observations that obstruction of venous flow in the high cervical spinal cord results in changes in the lower cervical cord.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Angiography ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Brain ; Intracerebral hematoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the clinical and radiological features of ten patients with small arteriovenous malformations that caused intracerebral hematomas. In six patients, angiography showed a small nidus (less than 1 cm in diameter) with a shunt at the site of the hematoma, and in four only an early-filling vein was evident. Six patients had only delayed angiography (4 weeks or more after the ictus). In three, angiography within 2 days of the ictus failed to reveal the cause of the bleed, but repeat angiography showed an early-filling vein in two, and a nidus with shunting in one. In only one patient did early angiography reveal the malformation. MRI was obtained in eight patients, and in two prominent vessels were evident in the wall of the hematoma cavity. In investigation of an unexplained intracerebral hematoma, MRI may be useful to exclude a neoplasm or cavernoma, although the latter may be not be evident in the presence of a recent hematoma. We suggest early MRI and angiography for investigation of an unexplained, nonhypertensive intracerebral bleed, with follow-up MRI and delayed angiography if the initial studies fail to reveal the cause.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Epidermoid tumour ; Iatrogenic lesion ; Thoracic spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acquired spinal epidermoid tumours are rare, and probably caused by skin fragments that have been transplanted by trauma or lumbar puncture. They almost always occur in the region of the cauda equina. We present an acquired spinal epidermoid tumour at the T 10 level, with pathological confirmation. A skin fragment had migrated to a site where it developed into a tumour.
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  • 57
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 345-346 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Meningioma ; Gd-DTPA ; Diaphragma sellae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a tuberculum sellae meningioma with intrasellar extension which did not enhance with intravenous gadolinium. Identification of the diaphragma sellae, possible only on the unenhanced short TR/TE sequence, was crucial for differentiating the lesion from a pituitary adenoma, and therefore for the correct surgical approach.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Locked-in syndrome ; Brain stem ; Pontomedullary junction ; Ischaemia ; Reticular formation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case of incomplete locked-in syndrome (LIS) due to basilar artery thrombosis, in which MRI showed a complete, sharply demarcated infarct at the pontomedullary junction. This supports experimental data showing that the lower reticular formation is not critical for the maintenance of consciousness. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ischaemic pontomedullary transection with LIS.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Olivary degeneration ; Cerebellar haemorrhage ; Brain stem haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance (MR) images of seven patients with olivary degeneration caused by cerebellar or brain stem haemorrhages were reviewed. In four patients with cerebellar haemorrhage, old haematomas were identified as being located in the dentate nucleus; the contralateral inferior olivary nuclei were hyperintense on proton-density- and T2-weighted images. In two patients with pontine haemorrhages, the old haematomas were in the tegmentum and the ipsilateral inferior olivary nuclei, which were hyperintense. In one case of midbrain haemorrhage, the inferior olivary nuclei were hyperintense bilaterally. The briefest interval from the ictus to MRI was 2 months. Hypertrophic olivary nuclei were observed only at least 4 months after the ictus. Olivary degeneration after cerebellar or brain stem haemorrhage should not be confused with ischaemic, neoplastic, or other primary pathological conditions of the medulla.
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  • 60
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 341-344 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Calcification ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The MRI appearances of calcification within intracranial tumours was assessed by reviewing MR images of 11 calcified tumours documented by CT. The signal intensity of the calcified regions was varied and nonspecific on both T1-and T2-weighted images. They were seen as signal void exclusively on T2-weighted images in only 2 patients. Gadolinium enhancement of the calcified portion occurred in 7 of 10 patients. These findings reflect the presence of tumour parenchyma within the calcified region, as proved in 5 lesions examined histologically.
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  • 61
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 349-351 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Histiocytosis X ; Langerhan's cell histiocytosis ; Brain stem ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients with central nervous system manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, both with brain stem involvement, are reported. The onset of symptoms was at an age when the diagnosis might not have been considered.
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  • 62
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 359-361 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Intraocular tamponade media ; Silicone oil ; Recurrent retinal detachment ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirteen patients who underwent surgery for retinal detachment and injection of intraocular tamponade media (silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, or perfluorocarbon liquid) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted images. The ophthalmic tamponade media showed different signal intensity, according to their chemical structure. Unlike ophthalmoscopy or ultrasonography, MRI showed no oil-related artefact, making possible recognition of recurrent retinal detachment.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Arachnoid cyst ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Arachnoid cysts situated in the middle cranial fossa constitute the largest group of this type of lesion. Their origin has been the subject of debate since they were first described. There is still controversy as to whether they originate directly from the meninges adjacent to the temporal pole or whether partial agenesis of the temporal lobe favours secondary formation of the cyst. We assessed the morphology of the temporal lobe and the bulging of the squamous temporal bone. “Paradoxical changes” in adjacent-bone, described as very rare findings in arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa, were common in our study and suggest, in association with direct signs of temporal atrophy, that this atrophy precedes, or is at least coexistent with, the formation of the cyst. The importance of being able to determine the origin of the cyst lies in its being a factor to assess as regards treatment.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain ; Gadolinium ; Database
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The unique sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the objective nature of the information obtained suggest that MRI will be a useful and reliable way of monitoring treatment trials. There is a need to develop an appropriate database which would provide a standardised means of assessment, not only of MRI, but also of essential clinical information. As part of the program of Concerted Action in Multiple Sclerosis, funded by the Commission of the European Community (CEC), we have developed a database for recording serial brain MRI results. The database consists of core, entry and follow-up sections. Both entry and follow-up parts are subdivided into clinical, MR system and MRI data. We expect that the use of this database will maximise efficiency of MRI monitoring in MS treatment trials, particularly in multicentre studies.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Chiari malformation ; Dysraphism ; Lipoma ; Lipomyelomeningocele ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Syringomyelia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Co-existence of Chiari I malformation and myelomeningocele is uncommon. Syringomyelia, when associated with a Chiari I malformation, classically involves the cervical spinal cord. Intramedullary extension of lipoma is unusual in lipomyeloschisis. A patient with lumbar lipomyelomeningocele with tethered cord, lower thoracic syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation, shown by MRI is reported.
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  • 66
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 370-374 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Extradural tumours ; Spinal metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ninety-one patients with extradural spinal tumours were examined by magnetic resonance imaging. There were 76 metastases (6 from unknown primary tumours). Seven patients had primary spinal tumours and 8 had multiple myeloma. Sixteen had bulging, diseased vertebral bodies compressing the subarachnoid space and 67 had extradural tumour compressing the spinal cord. Sixty patients had paravertebral involvement. Intraspinal involvement did not correlate with the extent of spinal lesions. All patients had vertebral destruction, with hypointense or combined hypo- and isointense signal relative to bone marrow on T1-weighted images. In most of the 22 patients with T2-weighted images the tumours were isointense or slightly hyperintense. It was usually impossible to differentiate the various tumours on the basis of signal intensity and morphology. However, metastases from carcinoma of the prostate were often more hypointense than other tumours on T1- and T2-weighted images. An inhomogeneous pattern in which diffusely low signal is combined with focal lower signal on T1-weighted images may suggest myeloma. In the 22 patients examined with both T1- and T2-weighted images, T1-weighted images gave the best information in 18; in 3 they were equivalent and in 1 inferior to T2-weighted images; they are therefore recommended for routine imaging of epidural spinal tumours.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sjögren's syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifteen patients with Sjögren's syndrome without clinical evidence of central nervous system disease were studied by MRI. Signal abnormalities were observed in 9 (60%). They were always visible on T2-weighted images as small punctate areas of high signal in the basal ganglia and the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. Abnormalities were less frequently seen on T1-weighted images. Enlargement of cerebral sulci was observed in 6 cases. The specificity and significance of these abnormalities are discussed.
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  • 68
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 428-430 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Intraventricular cyst ; Choroid plexus ; Hemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An unusual case of hemorrhage within a cyst in the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle is presented. choroid plexus cysts are commonly found incidentally on imaging studies, particularly MRI, where their characteristic appearance produces little diagnostic difficulty. In this case, high signal intensity of the cyst contents on T1-weighted images and apparent hemosiderin deposition in the cyst wall, not previously described, represented a dramatic change from a study 10 weeks previously and allowed a presumptive diagnosis of hemorrhage into the cyst, a presumption further supported by the changes in signal 20 weeks later.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Patient management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifty-one patients with 59 angiographically proven cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were examinded by high-field MRI to detect blood breakdown products. Results were correlated with the history of intracranial bleeding. Evidence of previous episodes of haemorrhage was seen in 10 of 12 patients (83.3%) with verified bleeding, in 4 of 9 patients (44.4%) with symptoms which could suggest bleeding and in 6 of 30 patients (20%) with negative histories. Because of the known rebleeding rate and the increased risk of associated complications, identification of the subgroup who had had haemorrhage and should therefore be considered for surgery may be beneficial. MRI can make a contribution to management by demonstrating prior haemorrhage in patients with an inadequate clinical history.
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  • 70
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 443-446 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; CSF flow void ; Hydrocephalus ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the frequency and clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid flow void in 49 normal children who underwent MRI on a 0.35 T unit. T2-weighted axial SE images were retrospectively analysed to determine relative signal intensities of the fourth, third and lateral ventricles and the cerebral aqueduct, rated as high intensity, low intensity, and no signal (flow void). Flow void was seen in the fourth ventricle in 20% of children up to 3 months of age, 67% from 4 to 6 months of age, in all children aged between 7 months and 2 years and in about half of those aged more than 3 years. In cerebral aqueduct the figures were 40% up to 1 month, age, 80% at 2–3 months and 100% above 4–6 months of age, and in the third ventricle 0% up to 1 month, 60% at 2–3 months, 67% at 4–6 months, and almost 100% in above 7 months. Flow void was much more frequent at 1–6 years of age than in adults and less frequent in neonates, which may reflect the different compliance of the growing brain.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Birth asphyxia ; Children ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of MRI examination in 88 neonates and infants with perinatal asphyxia, we defined 6 different patterns on T2-weighted images: pattern A-scattered hyperintensity of both hemispheres of the telencephalon with blurred border zones between cortex and white matter, indicating diffuse brain injury; pattern B-parasagittal hyperintensity extending into the corona radiata, corresponding to the watershed zones; pattern C-hyper-and hypointense lesions in thalamus and basal ganglia, which relate to haemorrhagic necrosis or iron deposition in these areas; pattern D-periventricular hyperintensity, mainly along the lateral ventricles, i.e. periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), originating from the matrix zone; pattern E-small multifocal lesions varying from hyper-to hypointense, interpreted as necrosis and haemorrhage; pattern F-periventricular centrifugal hypointense stripes in the centrum semiovale and deep white matter of the frontal and occipital lobes. Contrast was effectively inverted on T1-weighted images. Patterns A, B and C were found in 17%, 25% and 37% of patients, and patterns D, E and F in 19%, 17% and 35%, respectively. In 49 patients a combination of patterns was observed, but 30% of the initial images were normal. At follow-up, persistent abnormalities were seen in all children with patterns A and D, but in only 52% of those with pattern C. Myelination was retarded most often in patient with diffuse brain injury and PVL (patterns A and D).
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  • 72
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Primary CNS lymphoma ; Godalinium-DTPA ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of biopsy-proven primary cerebellar lymphoma is described with an unusual pattern of contrast enhancement involving the cerebellar white matter and the sulcal leptomeninges on MRI.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Neurocysticercosis ; Intraventricular granuloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a cysticercus within the fourten ventricle which showed unusual hypointensity on T2-weighted images.
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  • 74
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 459-460 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cauda equina syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Paraganglioma ; Spinal tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the clinical and imaging features of a paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Raised CSF protein caused an unusual appearance of the spinal canal below the obstruction. No specific identifying features were encountered; paraganglioma is uncommon in this site and usually thought to be an ependymoma or a neuroma; histopathological examination is necessary for correct diagnosis.
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  • 75
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 499-502 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spine ; Aortic disease ; Aortic aneurysm ; Aortic dissection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In five patients with clinical suspicion of spinal disease, MRI of the spine revealed unexpected aortic pathology explaining the symptoms. No significant intraspinal pathology was found on MRI. However, in one patient with clinical suspicion of spinal stenosis, an aortic occlusion was detected on MR images of the spine. The lower extremity ischaemia, caused by the occlusion, was responsible for the symptoms. In another patient a paravertebral haematoma from a ruptured aortic aneurysm resulted in spinal nerve compression, thought before MRI to be caused by a spinal tumour. In three patients aortic aneurysm or dissection resulted in spinal cord ischaemia with symptoms mimicking those of compressive spinal disease. Thus, if MRI of the spine does not provide an explanation for the patient's symptoms, examination of the aorta is recommended.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain ; Spine ; Contrast enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tolerance and diagnostic efficacy of a new nonionic, intravenous MRI contrast medium, gadodiamide injection (Omniscan®) are reported and compared with those of gadolinium-DOTA after completion of a double-blind, randomized, parallel study in 60 patients using a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Two patients were excluded from the statistical analysis after trial entrance since no contrast medium was injected. The indications for the MRI examination were known or suspected CNS lesions. Vital signs, chemical and haematological parameters were monitored. No significant abnormalities were observed, confirming the excellent tolerance of both contrast media. The usefulness of gadolinium-containing contrast media was again documented, since in 8.6% (5/58) of the patients the lesion(s) could be seen only after injection. Contrast enhancement was seen in 87.8% (43/49) of the patients with abnormal findings, and provided additional diagnostic information in 24.5% (12/49). Lack of contrast enhancement in 12.2% (6/49) of patients with abnormal findings was a significant negative finding.
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  • 77
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 495-496 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Listeria ; Abscess ; Meningoencephalomyelitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case ofListeria meningoencephalomyelitis is described and the MRI appearances of an abscess of the cervical spinal cord are presented. The MRI appearances did not allow a definitive diagnosis before death.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast agent ; Neoplasia ; Metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Despite the valuable contribution of MRI, the distinction between benign and malignant compression fractures of the spine is sometimes difficult, and cannot with certainty be based on T1- and T2-weighted signal criteria alone, or on the configuration of the compression fracture. This case report demonstrates that in certain instances neither can gadolinium enhancement specifically make this determination in cases of treated malignancy of the spinal column. Because treated neoplasia having benign histologic characteristics may continue to enhance with IV gadolinium, biopsy evaluation must be undertaken in this setting in order to prove the diagnosis.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Postoperative lumbar spine ; Intervertebral discs ; Infection ; Gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gadolinium enhancement may be normal in the vertebral endplates adjacent to previously operated intervertebral discs. To determine the frequency of this finding and to differentiate this normal healing process from early lesions due to focal infection, we studied 135 patients who had undergone surgery for herniated lumbar disc, and compared them with 249 unoperated patients with radicular symptoms and 15 with known spondylodiscitis. Hypointense foci which enhanced with gadolinium were identified in the endplates of 25 (18.5%) of the operated patients, 9 of whom required a second operation for recurrent disc herniation, at which time the absence of infection was confirmed. Gadolinium enhancement within the endplates adjacent to the operated disc occurs during normal healing after surgery. Care should be taken before invoking a diagnosis of focal infection or secondary spondylodiscitis.
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  • 80
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 516-517 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Leukaemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 25-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, while in remission, developed paraparesis, with faecal and urinary incontinence. CT demonstrated increased density of the lumbar theca and enlargement of the nerve roots. Myelography showed complete obstruction below the L3 level. MRI showed increased signal intensity in the lumbar sac on T1 weighting, and the cauda equina enhanced with gadolinium-DTPA. Lymphoblasts were seen in the lumbar spinal fluid. After chemotherapy, these abnormalities resolved, as did the paraparesis and incontinence.
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  • 81
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 518-519 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Giant spinal neuroma ; Cystic neuroma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical and radiological findings of a giant cystic intraspinal cervical tumour are presented. Symptoms and signs suggesting a polyneuropathy were misleading. On myelography the tumour appeared as a solid mass, but its size was distincly underestimated. MRI demonstrated the true extent (from C4 to T4) and the cystic structure of the tumour. The histologpathological diagnosis was fibrillary neuroma (WHO grade I).
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  • 82
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 512-515 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis ; Dural carcinomatosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Godalinium enhancement ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with meningeal carcinomatosis associated with nonhaemoatological neoplasms were examined: six with breast, two with gastrointestinal and one with lung cancer, plus one with a tumour of unknown origin. Cytology was positive in all but one. The patients were classified into four groups according to the gadolinium-enhanced MRI (Gd-MRI) appearances: group 1 had pure leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, group 2 dural carcinomatosis, group 3 spinal leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, and group 4 had normal Gd-MRI except for hydrocephalus. In group 1, Gd-MRI showed diffuse enhancement of the subarachnoid space, including the cisterns around the midbrain, the sylvian fissures, or cerebellaar and cerebral sulci. In group 2, Gd-MRI showed diffuse, thick, partially nodular enhancement of the duramater. No leptomeningeal or subependymal enhancement was evident. In group 3, nodular masses were seen only in the spinal canal. In group 4, no definite evidence of meningeal carcinomatosis was demonstrated on contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) or Gd-MRI. The median suvival time was 2.0 months in group 1, 1.0 month in group 3, and 4.5 months in group 4, but the two patients in group 2 were alive 10 and 15 months after a definite diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis was made. In all patients examined by both CE-CT and Gd-MRI, the latter was superior for identification of meningeal carcinomatosis. Hydrocephalus in an important indirect sign of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, but was not seen in patients with dural carcinomatosis despite the presence of increased intracranial pressure.
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  • 83
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 532-536 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Histology ; Consistency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of 43 intracranial meningiomas were reviewed and correlated with their histology and consistency at surgery and on pathological examination. There was a statistically significant prevalence of hard tumours within the fibroblastic subtypes. No statistically significant correlation between signal intensity and histology or consistency was found. A meningioma hyperintense on T2-weighted images, is, however, unlikely to be fibroblastic or hard.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Huntington's disease ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Single photon emission computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A Turkish family with Huntington's disease documented on CT, MRI and SPECT is reported. Whereas in clinically definite cases CT and MRI are of limited value and SPECT does not add anything of value, in one asymptomatic subject SPECT showed moderate caudate nucleus hypoperfusion, underlining the hypothesis that SPECT may have a role in predicting Huntington's disease.
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  • 85
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Stroke ; Lyme disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 28-year-old female farmer, without vascular risk factors, developed a limited infarct of the pons, associated with a lymphocytic cerebrospial fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. Titres of specific antibodies againstBorrelia burgdorferi were high in serum and CSF. MRI confirmed an infarct in the territory of the medial pontine arteries, but angiography showed no, evidence of cerebral angiopathy. Antibiotic therapy rapidly led to a return to normal of CSF cytology and serology. We suggest that Lyme disease is a possible cause of cerebral ischaemia.
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  • 86
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 539-540 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meningioma ; pineal region ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Constrast media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pineal meningiomas are very rare. We report a pineal meningioma examined by MRI.
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  • 87
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 541-542 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium ; Meningioma ; Cerebral glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prominent enhancement of the dura mater, the “dural tail” adjacent to a peripherally located mass on gadolinium-enhanced MRI has been described as being characteristic of meningiomas. We present a cerebral glioma showing the classical “dural tail”.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Ectopic pituitary adenoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sphenoid sinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MR images of an ectopic pituitary adenoma have been published in only a single case, a suprasellar mass. We present a patient with Cushing's disease in whom MRI revealed a pituitary adenoma within the sphenoid sinus. Radiologic characteristics of ectopic pituitary adenomas are reviewed, with emphasis on MRI, which demonstrates a soft tissue mass, isointense with gray matter on T1-weighted images, which enhances in a heterogeneous manner.
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  • 89
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 551-552 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Spina bifida ; Meningocele ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The MRI appearances of a cervical meningocele are reported. The operation demonstrated the accuracy of the preoperative MRI diagnosis.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Optic pathways ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With large pituitary adenomas, the optic nerves and chiasm usually lie on the tumour capsule and are displaced superiorly. We report a large invasive pituitary adenoma, with complete involvement of both optic nerves. Review of the preoperative MR images demonstrated the optic nerves, with signal intensity close to that of cerebral white matter, and different from the flow void of the basal cerebral arteries. Correlation of this observation with intraoperative findings is discussed.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ; Intracranial calcification ; Brain damage ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to examine three male siblings with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). The two elder brothers had verying degrees of unusual intracranial calcification; the eldest also showed involvement of the cerebral white matter on MRI. The severity of intracranial calcification was related to the time before initiation of treatment and inversely to mental ability. Brain damage and mental retardation in NDI may be caused by a delay in initiating treatment; early detection and treatment are important to prevent brain damage.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Menkes' syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two boys with Menkes' syndrome who underwent cranial MRI and MR angiography (MRA). In both, CT and MRI revealed progressive cerebral atrophy with a subdural haematoma or effusion. Delayed myelination or dysmyelination of the white matter was suggested. Tortuosity of the cervical and intracranial vessels was well demonstrated by MRA, obviating more invasive conventional angiography should it be thought necessary to demonstrate the characteristic systemic vascular changes of this syndrome.
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  • 93
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    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 559-560 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency ; Hypoglycemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Balo's concentric sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of Balo's concentric sclerosis diagnosed in vivo by characteristic MRI changes and stereotactic biopsy. Follow-up after 6 months of immunosuppressive treatment demonstrated virtually complete clinical remission, reduction of the white matter lesions on MRI and normalisation of regional cerebral glucose metabolism as assessed by positron emission tomography not only in white matter but also in the cerebral grey matter structures with input from the affected regions.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus callosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the effect of imaging plane and sequence on the demonstration of lesions at the callosalseptal interface (CSI) by magnetic resonance imaging in 20 patients with known multiple sclerosis. Variable-echo-(VE) T2- and proton density (PD) weighted images were performed in coronal axial and sagittal planes. Sagittal gradient echo (GE) T2- and PD-weighted images were also performed. Lesions at the CSI were seen in all patients and were all demonstrated on both sagittal and coronal VE images. Sagittal PD-weighted GE images were slightly less sensitive but showed good overall agreement with sagittal VE. Axial VE and sagittal T2-weighted GE images demonstrated CSI lesions poorly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 584-585 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Basal ganglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients with biopsy-proven Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease had MRI studies that revealed increased signal in the basal ganglia on T2-weighted images, suggesting that MRI can be a useful diagnostic instrument in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 581-583 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Whipple's disease ; Cerebral involvement ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Confusion developed in a 44-year-old man, who had diarrhoea and weight loss for three months. Jejunal biopsy showed infiltration by PAS-positive macrophages, indicating Whipple's disease. Cranial MRI disclosed multiple lesions mainly in the white matter and grey-white matter junction better demonstrated after gadolinium injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hemifacial spasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), combined with submillimeter magnetic resonance tomographic angiographic sections (MRTA) showed vascular compression of the 7th cranial nerve or its root exit zone (REZ) in the brain stem in 24 of 37 patients (64.86%) with hemifacial spasm. MRA alone was positive for REZ compression in only 19 (51.4%) cases, while conventional MRI was even less revealing, only 10 (27%) cases being positive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 14 (1993), S. 187-190 
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An asymptomatic 9-year-old boy was found to have a cardiac murmur in a heart disease survey. Two-dimensional echocardiogram identified a large left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Color flow imaging showed a transtunnel “to-and-fro” mosaic pattern between the pseudoaneurysm and left ventricle. ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the exact size and related location of the left ventricular pseudoaneurysm and its ostium. Without cardiac catheterization or angiography, he was successfully operated on by closure of the communicating tunnel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Gaucher disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Bone marrow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An investigation was conducted to determine the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of bone marrow involvement in patients with Gaucher disease type I. T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained of the lower extremities of 29 adult patients. Patients were classified into one of three groups based on marrow signal patterns on T1- and T2-weighted images as well as change in signal intensity from T1- to T2-weighted images. An increase in signal intensity from T1- to T2-weighted images was the criterion for an “active process” within the bone marrow. Classification of the 29 patients produced the following results: group A: normal, 4 patients; group B: marrow infiltration, 16 patients; group C: marrow infiltration plus active marrow process, 9 patients. Correlation with clinical findings revealed that all nine patients with evidence of an active marrow process on MRI (group C) had acute bone pain. Conversely, only one of the remaining 20 patients (groups A and B) had bone pain. There was no correlation between disease activity and findings on conventional radiographs. We conclude the MRI provides an excellent noninvasive assessment of the extent and activity of marrow involvement in type I Gaucher disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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