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  • 1995-1999  (297)
  • 1998  (297)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (163)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (133)
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (297)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1062-1066 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colonic neoplasms, complication ; Hemangioma, cavernous ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tomography, x-ray computed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: We present two cases of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum that invaded the pelvic structures. METHODS: Two young women suffering from intermittent rectal bleeding were studied using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Beside the rectal hemangioma, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the pelvic ureter and the iliac vessels were each eroded by the tumor that produced symptoms in these two patients. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging permit direct visualization for tumor staging and also for recognition of any pelvic structure invasion, which facilitate preoperative assessment of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 514-516 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Angiomyxoma ; Intraoperative radiation therapy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aggressive angiomyxomas are rare soft tissue tumors found mainly in the female reproductive mesenchyme and pelvis. They are low-grade sarcomas that have a propensity to recur locally. These tumors are encapsulated and have the same consistency as normal connective tissue, thus making wide excision difficult. We report a case of a large aggressive angiomyxoma in the perirectal tissues treated with preoperative angiographic embolization, causing ischemia of the tumor and, thus, improved visualization of the lesion. In addition, preoperative external beam irradiation and intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy were used to decrease the chances of local recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Breast cancer ; Locoregional recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of primary breast malignancy. We investigated the clinical application of dedicated dynamic breast MR for routine screening for local recurrence following breast-conserving therapy. Methods: Patients underwent a single dynamic MR of the breast routinely in the period 1 to 2 years following treatment, or earlier if recurrence was suspected. A biopsy was performed if there was suspicion of recurrence on MR. Results: One hundred and five patients with a median age of 58 years (range 50 to 65 years) were recruited for the study. Sixteen biopsies were performed and nine recurrences were confirmed histologically. Patients not undergoing biopsy have been followed up for a median of 341 days (range 168 to 451 days) following the MR. The sensitivity for clinical examination, mammography, examination combined with mammography, and MRI alone for the detection of recurrent cancer were 89%, 67%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, and the specificity was 76%, 85%, 67%, and 93%. Conclusion: Combined clinical examination and mammography are as sensitive as dedicated dynamic MR of the breast for the detection of locoregional recurrence, but breast MRI is associated with a far greater specificity. Therefore, dedicated dynamic breast MRI should be used when there is clinical or mammographic suspicion of recurrence to confirm or refute its presence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 299-302 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Anatomical variant ; Hook of hamate ; Wrist ; Carpal tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Normal skeletal variants are a common occurrence in clinical practice and may lead to misinterpretation. As part of a case control study investigating the carpal tunnel, our asymptomatic and voluntary participant underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of both wrists from the metacarpal bases to the distal radiocarpal joint. The imaging techniques included spin echo (SE), turbo spin echo (TSE) and fast field echo (FFE) sequences using 4 mm-slice thickness. As an incidental finding bipartite hamulus was detected bilaterally. The anomaly was evident in both hamuli with similar MRI characteristics. The congenital origin was further supported by the absence of trauma or surgery to the wrists. In this case report the authors discuss the anatomical variant, bilateral bipartite hook of the hamate, and demonstrate the reliability of contiguous slices of MR axial slices in displaying an anatomical variant of the carpus. This normal variant of the hamate is not commonly encountered in MR imaging of the wrist and can be misinterpreted as fracture or post-traumatic sequelae. Images of the normal hamulus are presented for comparison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Ocular development ; Orbit ; Fetus ; Eye ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to measure fetal ocular development and to determine a growth curve by means of measurements in utero. Fetal ocular development was recorded by analysis of the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An anatomic study allowed definition of the best contrasted MRI sequences for calculation of the ocular surface. Biometric analysis of the values of the ocular surface in the neuro-ocular plane in 35 fetuses allowed establishment of a linear model of ocular growth curve in utero. Evaluation of ocular development may allow the detection and confirmation of malformational ocular anomalies such as microphthalmia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 299-302 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Anatomical variant ; Hook of hamate ; Wrist ; Carpal tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les variations squelettiques normales sont fréquemment rencontrées en pratique clinique et peuvent conduire à des erreurs d'interprétation. Lors d'une étude contrôle concernant le canal carpien, des sujets asymptomatiques et volontaires ont subi une imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) des deux poignets depuis les bases des métacarpiens jusqu'à l'interligne radio-carpien. Les techniques d'imagerie utilisaient des coupes de 4 mm en spin-écho (SE), en turbo spin-écho (TSE) et en écho de champ rapide (FFE). Fortuitement, nous avons trouvé un hamulus bipartite bilatéral. L'anomalie était évidente sur les deux hamulus et présentait les mêmes caractéristiques IRM. L'origine congénitale a été retenue en l'absence de traumatisme ou de chirurgie des poignets. Dans le cas rapporté, les auteurs discutent la variante anatomique, un hamulus bipartite de l'hamatum, et montrent la fiabilité des coupes axiales IRM contiguës pour décrire une variante anatomique du carpe. Cette variante normale de l'hamatum est rarement rencontrée en IRM du poignet et pourrait être prise par erreur comme une fracture ou une séquelle post-traumatique. Les images d'un hamulus normal sont présentées pour comparaison.
    Notes: Summary Normal skeletal variants are a common occurrence in clinical practice and may lead to misinterpretation. As part of a case control study investigating the carpal tunnel, our asymptomatic and voluntary participant underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of both wrists from the metacarpal bases to the distal radiocarpal joint. The imaging techniques included spin echo (SE), turbo spin echo (TSE) and fast field echo (FFE) sequences using 4 mm-slice thickness. As an incidental finding bipartite hamulus was detected bilaterally. The anomaly was evident in both hamuli with similar MRI characteristics. The congenital origin was further supported by the absence of trauma or surgery to the wrists. In this case report the authors discuss the anatomical variant, bilateral bipartite hook of the hamate, and demonstrate the reliability of contiguous slices of MR axial slices in displaying an anatomical variant of the carpus. This normal variant of the hamate is not commonly encountered in MR imaging of the wrist and can be misinterpreted as fracture or post-traumatic sequelae. Images of the normal hamulus are presented for comparison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Myositis ; Diagnosis ; Biopsy ; 99mtechnetium-pyrophosphate scintigraphy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to study the value of 99mtechnetium-pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) muscle scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting areas of likely muscle inflammation and in increasing the rate of positive muscle biopsies in patients with suspected myositis. The results showed that in 13 out of 13 patients with clinical and/or signs of inflammatory muscle disease, increased 99mTc-PYP uptake was demonstrated at different muscle sites 3 h after isotope injection. Subsequent MRI of symmetric muscle areas with enhanced 99mTc-PYP uptake revealed signal patterns suggesting inflammation in all cases. Biopsy of these targeted muscles demonstrated characteristic histopathologic signs of muscle inflammation in 9 out of 13 patients. Four of these 9 patients had clinically atypical disease or did not show elevated creatine phosphokinase levels. Seven of these 9 patients had not been pretreated with corticosteroids. In 4 patients only muscle fiber atrophy and/or necrosis without cellular infiltrations was seen. These 4 patients had received either high doses of corticosteroids or low doses over longer periods of time before muscle biopsy. In conclusion, the combination of 99mTc-PYP muscle scintigraphy and MRI demonstrated muscle areas with maximum inflammatory signal patterns. Targeting of muscles by MRI only will probably yield reliable results of muscle biopsy in cases of clinically and serologically characteristic myositis. 99mTc-PYP muscle scintigraphy may provide useful initial information about localization of inflamed muscle tissue, especially in atypical disease. Treatment with corticosteroids prior to histologic diagnosis may abolish inflammatory infiltrations in affected muscle tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Myofibromatosis ; Fibromatosis ; Soft-tissue tumor ; Interspinous ligament ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors describe an extremely rare presentation of congenital infantile myofibromatosis. A full-term newborn boy presented with a thumb-sized subcutaneous mass on the mid-spinal line between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar spinous processes. A solid tumor arising from the interspinous ligament was resected. Microscopic and immunohistochemical studies revealed myofibromatosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 13 (1998), S. 442-444 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Lymphangioma ; Scrotum ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 7-year-old boy who presented with a painful left hemiscrotal mass was diagnosed with acquired lymphangioma of the scrotum. Chronic friction from a cast for Perthes' disease might have been the cause of sudden enlargement of a congenital lymphangioma of the scrotum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was useful for preoperative diagnosis and determining the extent of the scrotal lesions. Total excision of the mass leaving the overlying skin was successfully performed. The clinical significance of MRI for preoperative diagnosis and planning surgical resection of this lesion is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Accessory hepatic lobe ; Torsion ; Ultrasonography ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of acute epigastric pain resulting from torsion of an accessory hepatic lobe is reported. Sonographic, computerized tomographic, and magnetic resonance findings are illustrated and the surgical management is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 13-17 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Silicone implants ; Synovitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Silicone synovitis is a known complication of silicone implants used in orthopedic surgery for joint reconstruction. It has been studied with routine radiography; however, no report on magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities of this condition exist in the literature. This article reports on five patients with silicone synovitis studied by magnetic resonance imaging. All patients showed hypointense implants that were deformed, fragmented or subluxed, and intra- and periarticular silicone particles were evident on T1- and T2-weighted images.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Lipoma arborescens ; Synovial membrane ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hip
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. The imaging characteristics of lipoma arborescens using plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are described. Design and patients. Five patients with a diagnosis of lipoma arborescens are presented. Three had monoarticular involvement of the knee joint. In the remaining two patients both knees and both hips, respectively, were affected. All patients were examined using plain radiographs and MRI. CT was employed in two cases. Results and conclusions. A conclusive diagnosis with exclusion of other synovial pathologies having similar clinical and radiological behaviour can be achieved on the basis of the MRI characteristics of lipoma arborescens. The aetiology of lipoma arborescens remains unknown, but its association with previous pathology of the affected joints in all our patients supports the theory of a non-neoplastic reactive process involving the synovial membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 537-540 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Central pontine myelinolysis ; AIDS ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Autopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is an uncommon complication in sick patients with severe underlying disorders such as chronic alcoholism, malignancy, malnutrition and hyponatraemia. We report two patients with advanced HIV infection who developed CPM. In one case the diagnosis was not suspected in life, in the other the diagnosis was made just before death, on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances. At post mortem there was a close correlation between the MR abnormalities and the anatomic changes in the pons.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words High-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Methotrexate ; Leukoencephalopathy ; Neurotoxicity ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Aggressive polychemotherapy, intrathecal cytostatic prophylaxis and cranial irradiation have contributed to the remarkable improvement in the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and subtypes of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and the reduction of central nervous system (CNS) relapses. Early and late neurologic changes have been observed after different CNS-directed therapies. We report on the rare event of an acute tetraparesis after methotrexate (MTX) without other CNS-directed therapy. A young female with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed signs of meningeal irritation a few hours after intrathecal prophylaxis with MTX, cytosine-arabinoside and dexamethasone. She recovered quickly. Ten days after her last course of systemic chemotherapy including high dose MTX she was admitted with a tetraparesis and motoric aphasia. A computer assisted tomography (CT) scan was normal. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hyperintense white matter lesions were visible in the periventricular white matter. Initially, the radiologic signs were progressive while the patient's clinical condition improved. MRI controls after complete neurologic normalization revealed delayed partial regression of the white matter abnormalities. The patient has now been free of neurologic symptoms for 16 months. This case report demonstrates acute and subacute neurotoxic effects of MTX in the same patient and illustrates that radiologic CNS changes can persist irrespective of the disappearance of clinical symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 66-68 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Heart angiosarcoma ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a case of primary heart angiosarcoma and its appearance on plain and post-contrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in 21-year-old woman. The tumour involved the right atrium, expanded superiorly among the superior vena cava, ascending aorta and innominate vein, and infiltrated the pericardium. The tumour was disseminated into lungs, liver and bones at the time of its clinical presentation.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Stroke recurrent ; Diffusion-weighted imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging, in 15 patients with recurrent strokes with acute ischaemia and at least one old lesion according to the clinical history and/or CT. Routine MRI showed similar signal intensity changes in both situations. Diffusion-weighted images, however, were positive in all acute or subacute infarcts. The high signal of acutely disturbed diffusion due to intracellular oedema could also be identified in small brain stem lesions. Spatial resolution was increased by applying separate gradients in each axis instead of creating anisotropy-independent trace images.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Prion disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To ascertain whether increased grey matter signal intensity on T2-weighted images in patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) corresponds to the stage and severity of this disease, we correlated MRI findings in four of our own and previously reported patients with sporadic CJD with the clinical variants, neuropathological changes at autopsy, duration of the disease and survival time after MRI examination. Of 15 patients with the extrapyramidal type of CJD, 10 showed increased signal in the basal ganglia on T2-weighted images. One of seven patients with the Heidenhain variant had increased signal in the occipital cortex. Patients without increased grey matter signal intensity had a longer overall duration of CJD (P = 0.035). Although the interval between onset of neurological symptoms and MRI was not different, patients without increased grey matter signal also survived longer after MRI examination (P = 0.022).
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary ; Adenohypophysitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the skull radiograph, CT and MRI findings in three patients with lymphocytic adenohypophysitis mimicking pituitary adenoma. All cases were associated with pregnancy. CT demonstrated a pituitary mass but did not differentiate lymphocytic adenohypophysitis from pituitary adenoma. The skull radiographs showed either a normal sella turcica or minimal abnormalities; they did not show ballooning or destruction. The MRI appearances were distinctive: relatively low signal on T1-weighted images; preservation of the bright posterior pituitary lobe despite the presence of a relatively large pituitary mass, less common in macroadenomas; marked contrast enhancement compared with pituitary macroadenomas; and dural enhancement adjacent to a pituitary mass.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 126-127 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lyme disease ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a child with Borrelia burgdorferi meningoradiculitis. This entity, also known as Bannwarth syndrome, is rare and its presentation with low back pain only is even more unusual. The MRI findings can suggest the diagnosis.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Methanol ; intoxication ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Putaminal necrosis ; Putaminal haemorrhage ; Toxic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methanol, a highly toxic substance, is used as an industrial solvent and in automobile antifreeze. Acute methanol poisoning produces severe metabolic acidosis and serious neurologic sequelae. We describe a 50-year-old woman with accidental methanol intoxication who was in a vegetative state. MRI showed haemorrhagic necrosis of the putamina and oedema in the deep white matter.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 ; Cerebellar cortical atrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the MRI findings in three Japanese patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) in which a polymorphic CAG repeat was identified in the gene encoding the α1A voltage-dependent P/Q-type Ca2+ channel subunit (CACNL1A4). All showed slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia and mild pyramidal signs. Neuroradiologically, they had moderate cerebellar atrophy, most prominently in the superior vermis, whereas the brain stem appeared to be spared. No abnormal signal intensity was identified.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 238-241 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Leiomyoma ; brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of intracranial parenchymal leiomyoma in a 20-year-old woman with a chief complaint of numbness and a painful sensation over the right limbs for several years. CT and MRI revealed an intensely enhancing calcified mass. The patient was well, without recurrence, 2 years after surgery.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Behçet's disease ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI demonstrated well-defined areas of signal change and moderate contrast enhancement in the thoracic spinal cord of a patient with Behçet's disease presenting with subacute myelopathy. The patient improved after intravenous steroids, and MRI 5 months later showed a normal spinal cord.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Central nervous system diseases ; Temporal bone ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Siderosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a 50-year-old man who was investigated for sensorineural hearing loss. On MRI of the brain superficial siderosis of the central nervous system was seen, while MRI of the spine revealed an ependymoma of the cauda equina. This case illustrates the importance of performing T2-weighted imaging of the brain and posterior fossa when sensorineural hearing loss is present. Spine imaging is mandatory when superficial siderosis of the brain is diagnosed without identification of a bleeding source in the brain.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 734-738 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Unilateral megalencephaly ; Myelination ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the MRI of 17 patients with hemimegalencephaly to investigate abnormal myelination in this condition. On images of seven patients aged 18 months or less, the white matter on the affected side suggested advanced myelination for the age. On T1-weighted images of three patients aged 1 month, the anterior limb of the internal capsule in the affected hemisphere was myelinated, and T1 shortening was not clearly seen in the pre- and postcentral gyri. The cortical grey matter and subcortical white matter was isointense in two patients. Images of two patients aged 4 to 5 months and of five patients aged 8–18 months showed myelination that extended more peripherally in the white matter of the affected hemisphere.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain metastases ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetisation transfer ; Contrast enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to compare prospectively the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced magnetisation transfer (MT) MRI and gradient-echo (GE) T1-weighted images in metastatic disease of the brain. We studied 52 patients with brain metastases, using conventional T1-weighted GE and MT spin-echo (SE) images after the same standard dose of gadolinium. Axial 5-mm reconstructions of GE data were compared with 5-mm MT images in the same plane. Metastases were counted independently by two neuroradiologists. In 12 patients (23 %) MT imaging showed more metastases than GE images (P = 0.03). We detected 68 more metastases with the former technique.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report assessment of a new three-dimensional fast spin echo (3D FSE) sequence in ten patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis, comparing it with standard 2D FSE, and in ten normal controls. We saw 29 focal lesions on the 2D images and 53 on the 3D FSE imgages (P = 0.05); none were seen in controls. Lesion length was significantly smaller on the 3D FSE than on to the 2D FSE images (3D: 1.36; 2D 2,0; P = 0.03). This may relate in part to separation into several lesions on the 3D images of confluent abnormal signal seen on 2D and in part to detection of small lesions missed by the thicker 2D FSE slices (3 mm compared to 1.5 mm). The 3D FSE sequence looks promising in improving spinal cord imaging.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Radiation injury ; Optic chiasm ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of radiation-induced optic neuropathy in a 32-year-old man with Cushing's disease and a recurrent tumour of the left cavernous sinus. The patient experienced rapid, painless loss of vision 4 years after treatment without recurrence of tumour or other visual disorder. MRI showed enlargement and contrast enhancement of the optic chiasm. A year later the patient was almost blind and MRI showed atrophy and persistent contrast enhancement of the chiasm.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sinuses ; dural ; Epidermoid cyst ; skull ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tinnitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report an intradiploic epidermoid cyst of the skull responsible for transverse sinus compression and presenting with nonpulsatile tinnitus. Plain films and CT both demonstrated the tumour. Cerebral angiography showed best the degree of narrowing of the right transverse sinus, accompanied with turbulent flow probably leading to tinnitus. MRI demonstrated accurately both the tumour and the dural sinus compression. The tumour was totally removed, cranioplasty was performed, and the patient was discharged free of symptoms.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 477-482 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; anatomy ; Brain ; white matter ; Brain ; oedema ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI was obtained in eight normal volunteers and seven patients with brain oedema around the trigone. In addition to the conventional sequences, diffusion-weighted and intravoxel-incoherent-motion images using motion-proving anteroposterior and/or lateral direction gradients were obtained to show the white matter pathways better. Coronal proton-density-weighted images showed three thin relatively high-intensity layers in addition to the tapetum and the internal and external sagittal strata. Although they have not been confirmed anatomically, the thin layer between the internal and the external sagittal strata was corroborated by diffusion-weighted and intravoxel-incoherent-motion images, and by characteristics of the spread of oedema into the sagittal stratum. We propose that this layer be named the central sagittal lamina. The other two layers medial and lateral to the sagittal stratum were outside, but in contact with the medial and lateral parts of the sagittal stratum, respectively. We provisionally named them medial and lateral sagittal laminae; they were not evident on any other images. The low-intensity layer on T2-weighting was the internal sagittal stratum. The optic radiation, comprising the external sagittal stratum, appeared as an intermediate to slightly high-intensity layer on T2-weighted images and a low-intensity layer on T1-weighted images as did the corticospinal tract in the posterior internal capsule.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Vascular dementia ; Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous cross-sectional studies in patients with subcortical vascular encephalopathy (SVE) have shown little or no correlation between brain lesion load and clinical disability, which could be due to the low specificity of T2-weighted MRI. Recent studies have indicated that T1-weighted MRI may be more specific than T2-weighted MRI for severe tissue destruction. We studied 37 patients with a diagnosis of SVE and 11 normal controls with standardised T1- and T2-weighted MRI. All patients underwent detailed clinical assessment including a neuropsychological test battery and computerised gait analysis. Both the T2- and T1-weighted total MRI lesion loads different between patients and controls different, particularly T1. The ratio of T2-/T1-weighted lesion load was lower in controls than in patients. There was no overall correlation of T1- or T2-weighted lesion load with clinical disability, but group comparison of patients with severe and mild clinical deficits showed different lesion loads. We suggest that T1- and T2-weighted MRI lesion loads demonstrate relevant structural abnormality in patients with SVE.
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  • 32
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 512-515 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Behçet's disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Meninges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Behçet's disease is a multisystem disease that involves the central nervous system up to half of cases. Presentation with neurologic symptoms occurs in 5 % of cases and cerebral venous thrombosis is one of its major manifestations. A feature not previously reported is progressive meningeal thickening with involvement of both optic nerves. We report a patient with cerebral venous thrombosis, meningeal thickening and contrast enhancement on MRI. This patient had two other unusual features: positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and later development of central diabetes insipidus.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; Calcification ; perivenous ; Lupus erythematosus ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus with granular calcification in the basal ganglia and cerebral white matter on CT. Histopathologically, these were identified as perivenous necrotising lesions, with loss of axons and myelin sheaths and prominent dystrophic calcification.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dysequilibrium syndrome ; Osmotic demyelination syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Haemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurological disorders may be seen in end-stage renal disease patients due to uraemia or to complications of dialysis. A dysequilibrium syndrome may be seen, usually soon after or towards the end of haemodialysis. This group of patients has no particular findings on MRI. On the other hand, the osmotic demyelination syndrome has definitive MRI findings, not to date reported with the dysequilibrium syndrome. We report a patient with end-stage renal disease and the dysequilibrium syndrome who showed findings of osmotic demyelination on MRI. The patient had a convulsion after a first haemodialysis, with quadriparesis and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and bilateral Babinski signs. The upper motor neurone signs lasted for a week. Meanwhile, he was also dysarthric and had dysphagia. He recovered neurologically without any residuum following appropriate treatment and there was improvement on MRI.
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  • 35
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 303-307 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Choroid plexus ; infection ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four cases of choroid plexitis of the brain (two with cryptococcosis and two with tuberculosis) are presented. The four patients showed either unilateral enlargement (3) or bilateral enlargement (1) and dense enhancement of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles (4) and fourth ventricle (1) in association with clinical findings of leptomeningitis. All patients had unilateral cystic dilatation of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle presumably secondary to entrapment of the temporal horn and extensive oedema around the ipsilateral ventricle.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Neurenteric cyst ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurenteric cysts are cystic masses lined by a columnar epithelium of endodermal origin. They are rare in the central nervous system. We report two neurenteric cysts in the posterior cranial fossa and describe their neuroradiological features. The lesions were of low density on CT and more accurately delineated on MRI. They gave the same signal as cerebrospinal fluid on all sequences. There was no contrast enhancement.
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  • 37
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 383-384 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brucellosis ; intracranial ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a rare case of neurobrucellosis in a 25-year-old woman with visual impairment, bilateral hearing loss, hyperprolactinaemia and meningitis. MRI revealed a sellar and suprasellar mass with enlargement of the optic chiasm.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; basal ganglia ; Pituitary gland ; Manganese ; Parenteral nutrition ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hypermanganesaemia is reported in patients on long-term parenteral nutrition. Deposition of manganese, giving high signal on T1-weighted images, may involve the basal ganglia. MRI in nine patients (mean age 51 years, range 31–75 years) on long-term parenteral nutrition (mean duration 30 months, range 6–126 months), demonstrated high signal in the anterior pituitary gland on T1-weighted sagittal and coronal images. The gland appeared normal on T2-weighted images. Signal intensity in the basal ganglia on T1-weighted images was increased in all patients. Endocrine assessment showed no significant abnormality. Neurological examination showed a mild parkinsonian movement disorder in one patient. Hypermanganaesemia was present in all nine (1.3–2.8 μmol/l, mean 1.87 μmol/l). The high signal in the anterior pituitary gland was probably related to deposition of paramagnetic substances, especially manganese.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cervical spine ; trauma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We carried out a retrospective analysis of imaging and clinical findings in 52 children with a history of cervical spinal trauma. No patient had evidence of a fracture on plain films or CT. All had MRI at 1.5 T because of persistent or delayed symptoms, unexplained findings of injury or instability, or as further assessment of the extent of soft-tissue injury. Clinical follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3.5 years. MRI was evaluated for its influence on therapy and outcome. MRI was positive in 16 (31 %) of 52 patients. Posterior soft-tissue or ligamentous injury was the most common finding in the 10 patients with mild to moderate trauma, while acute disc bulges and longitudinal ligament disruption, each seen in one case, were uncommon. MRI was superior to CT for assessment of the extent of soft-tissue injury and for identification of spinal cord injuries and intracanalicular hemorrhage in the six patients with more severe trauma. MRI specifically influenced the management of all four patients requiring surgery by extending the level of posterior stabilization. No patients with normal MRI or any of the 10 with radiographically stable soft-tissue injury on MRI, developed delayed clinical or radiographic evidence of instability or deformity.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Myotonic dystrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery pulse sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence with conventional spin-echo (SE) imaging for detection of involvement of the central nervous system in five patients with myotonic dystrophy (MD). The diagnosis was made based on clinical features and DNA analysis. All patients showed abnormal high-intensity lesions in the white matter on T2-weighted images, although these were more clearly visible using FLAIR.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spontaneous intracranial hypotension ; Headache ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radionuclide cisternography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is an unusual syndrome of postural headache and low cerebrospinal fluid pressure without an established cause. We present four cases, analyze those previously reported in the literature, examine the MRI, CT, angiographic and cisternographic finding and discuss the clinical picture, proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms and potential treatment.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Inner ear ; Aqueduct ; vestibular ; Endolymphatic duct ; Hearing loss ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied ten inner ears of five patients with a bilateral large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, using CT and MRI. Although the large vestibular aqueduct varied in size, a markedly dilated endolymphatic sac extending to the sigmoid sinus was demonstrated bilaterally on MRI in all patients. The cause of hearing loss in this syndrome is unclear. However, it is suggested that reflux of the protein-rich, hyperosmolar endolymph from the enlarged endolymphatic sac (EES) into the cochlea through a widely patent endolymphatic duct may damage the neuroepithelium. CT density and spin-echo MRI signal intensity of the endolymph in EES were markedly higher than those of CSF in eight inner ears of four patients. Increased density and high signal may indicate protein-rich, hyperosmolar endolymph. In some patients with sensorineural hearing loss and EES, the vestibular aqueduct may not appear dilated on CT. MRI is therefore necessary for correct diagnosis of this syndrome, which should more correctly be termed “large endolymphatic duct and sac syndrome”. Prominent EES may predict poor prognosis in this syndrome.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Aneurysm intracranial ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Embolisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine when and how intracranial aneurysms causing mass effect change following endovascular treatment, we used MRI to assess patients for 2–3 years after the interventional procedure. Nine patients who had aneurysms compressing the surrounding structures underwent endovascular treatment. Proximal occlusion of the parent artery was performed in seven cases, and in two the aneurysm was embolised with microcoils. After embolisation, signal intensity within aneurysms tended to be high on both T1- and T2-weighted images. When there was rapid reduction in size high-signal zones within aneurysms became isointense or gave low signal on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, isointense or low-signal foci appeared within high-signal areas in the aneurysm, giving mixed intensity. In typical cases, the mean volume of the aneurysm fell to approximately 30 % of its initial value 2–12 months after treatment. After this, no additional reduction was observed. The aneurysms which showed little signal intensity change tended to shrink more slowly and to a lesser degree than the more typical cases. Aneurysms which gave high signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images early following embolisation shrank more quickly than those showing little signal change.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Amyloid ; Cerebral amyloid angiopathy ; Congophilic angiopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case of a 70-year-old woman with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is presented. MRI of the head showed widespread miliary foci of haemorrhage within the cerebrum and cerebellum, with some additional linear lesions within the cerebral cortex and patchy lesions in the white matter. This is in contrast to the more usual pattern of intracranial haemorrhage in CAA, i. e., a lobar haematoma.
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  • 45
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 401-403 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Amyloidosis ; larynx ; Laryngocele ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of laryngeal amyloidosis associated with a laryngocele is reported. Preoperative CT showed diffuse thickening of the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and false vocal cords with well-defined calcific foci. MRI revealed contrast enhancement and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Myotonic dystrophy ; Intellectual impairment ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied 12 patients with myotonic dystrophy using MRI and the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), to see it specific MRI findings were associated with intellectual impairment. We also compared them with the neuropathological findings in an autopsy case of MD with intellectual impairment. Mild intellectual impairment was found in 8 of the 12 patients. On T 2-weighted and proton density-weighted images, high-intensity areas were seen in cerebral white matter in 10 of the 12 patients. In seven of these, anterior temporal white-matter lesions (ATWML) were found; all seven had mild intellectual impairment (MMSE 22–26), whereas none of the four patients with normal mentation had ATWML. In only one of the eight patients with intellectual impairment were white-matter lesions not found. Pathological findings were severe loss and disordered arrangement of myelin sheaths and axons in addition to heterotopic neurons within anterior temporal white matter. Bilateral ATWML might be a factor for intellectual impairment in MD. The retrospective pathological study raised the possibility that the ATWML are compatible with focal dysplasia of white matter.
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  • 47
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 398-400 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; Cervical spinal cord ; Posterior column ; Subacute combined degeneration ; Vitamin B12 deficiency ; Degenerative process ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The specific spinal cord lesion caused by vitamin B12 deficiency is known as subacute combined degeneration (SCD). Neuropathological studies of SCD show lesions mainly in the posterior and lateral columns, involving the cortico-spinal and spino-cerebellar tracts. We report a case of SCD in a 19-year-old man who presented with 4 weeks history of gradually progressing tingling in both hands. MRI of the cervical spine demonstrated symmetrical areas of T2 signal abnormality involving the dorsal columns of the cervical cord from the C2 through C5 levels associated with spinal cord expansion. He was treated with vitamin B12 supplements and experienced gradual improvement in his clinical symptoms. Repeat MRI of the cervical spine after 2 months revealed slight decrease in the area of abnormal signal.
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  • 48
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 462-465 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Temporal bone ; abnormalities ; CHARGE association ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the CT examinations of the temporal bone, performed with 1-mm-thick contiguous sections, of seven patients with the CHARGE association. We found abnormalities of the incus and stapes, with ossicular chain fixation, absence of the stapedius muscle and oval window, hypoplasia or dysplasia of the vestibule and absence of the semicircular canals in all ears. The pyramidal eminence and tympanic sinus were absent and there were anomalies of the cochlea in 13 of 14 ears. Absence of the semicircular canals is the most specific change in patients with the CHARGE association.
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  • 49
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 507-511 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Germ-cell tumours ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the MRI findings of germinomas originating from the basal ganglia, thalamus or deep white matter in 13 patients with 14 germinomas, excluding those in the suprasellar or pineal regions. Ten cases were confirmed as germinomas by stereotaxic biopsy, three by partial and one by total removal of the tumour. Analysis was focussed on the location and the signal characteristic of the tumour, haemorrhage, cysts within the tumour and any other associated findings. Thirteen of the tumours were in the basal ganglia and one in the thalamus. Haemorrhage was observed in seven patients, while twelve showed multiple cysts. Associated ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy was seen in three patients. The signal intensity of the parenchymal germinomas was heterogeneous on T1- and T2-weighted images due to haemorrhage, cysts and solid portions. We also report the MRI findings of germinomas in an early stage in two patients.
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  • 50
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 519-521 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Toluene ; Organic solvents ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Iron ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI may be helpful in showing brain toxicity associated with chronic toluene inhalation. We report clinical and MRI findings over 3 years in a man with gradual neurologic decline secondary to toluene abuse. Cerebral atrophy most prominently involved the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis. On T2-weighted images, loss of gray-white matter contrast, diffuse supratentorial white matter high-signal lesions, and low signal in the basal ganglia and midbrain were seen. In addition, MRI showed abnormal labor cortical low signal on T2-weighted images, most prominent in the primary motor and visual cortex. This cortical T2 shortening, not previously described in this condition, may reflect iron deposition.
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  • 51
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 524-526 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Haemangioma ; sacral ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 55-year-old woman with coccydynia due to a sacral mass. The histological diagnosis was haemangioma. The MRI findings and the unusual location of this lesion are discussed.
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  • 52
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 716-719 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Degeneration subacute combined ; Spinal cord ; Brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Vitamin B12 deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Subacute combined degeneration is a rare cause of demyelination of the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord and even more rarely of the pyramidal and spinocerebellar tracts and cerebellum. We present the initial and follow-up MRI appearances in a patient with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum, due to vitamin B12 deficiency. The lesions in these structures were demonstrated clearly as pathologically high-signal areas on T2-weighted images. These lesions, except those of the brain stem and cerebellum, disappeared 4 months after therapy. MRI 14 months after the patient's discharge on vitamin B12 therapy showed the same picture.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Congenital muscular dystrophy ; Merosin ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the MRI findings in five patients with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and merosin (laminin α 2) deficiency, which was total in one and partial in four. In one patient with partial merosin deficiency, MRI was normal. The other four patients had supratentorial white matter abnormalities. In three, T2-weighted images revealed subcortical, deep lobar and periventricular high signal in white matter, while in the other there were only small peritrigonal areas of increased signal. On T1-weighted images, there was slightly low signal. Cortical abnormalities were absent. None of these changes were accompanied by symptoms or signs of central nervous system involvement. White matter abnormalities in a patient with CMD should prompt investigation of merosin.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Angiography ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied three patients with aneurysmal malformations of the vein of Galen: all underwent embolisation followed by MRI and conventional angiography; two also underwent postembolisation magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). MRI was performed before treatment in two patients, MRA in only one, diagnosed prenatally. Two patients had normal appearances on follow-up MR studies and were completely cured by embolisation. However, the last patient, after two embolisations, despite the stabilisation of the clinical condition, underwent surgery and died. We think MRI is mandatory before endoarterial treatment, to assess the conditions of the brain. Angiography is mandatory only at the time of endovascular treatment, while MRA and MRI have a role in follow-up. Endoarterial embolisation remains the treatment of choice, and surgery is not advisable.
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  • 55
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Heterotopic greymatter ; Brain ; developmental anomalies ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report unusual MRI patterns in patients with grey matter heterotopia. Standard T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and inversion-recovery sequences were used in 22 patients presenting with seizures or developmental delay. The images were reviewed for signal change surrounding white matter and for atypical size, morphology or topography. We found 10 cases of subependymal heterotopias 11 of focal subcortical heterotopia and of diffuse subcortical heterotopia. On clinical or MRI grounds, 8 cases were considered unusual: 2 of the subependymal type, 2 of focal subcortical heterotopia with white matter abnormalities, 2 of focal subcortical heterotopia with no clinicoradiological correlation 1 of extensive hemispheric subcortical heterotopia and 1 of diffuse subcortical heterotopia confined to the frontal lobe. The classical classification of heterotopia enables easy radiological diagnosis even in cases with unusual patterns. In some cases, heterogeneity and high signal in surrounding white matter can be found. Cortical dysplasia is the most frequent associated malformation.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Limbic system ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Volume measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The limbic system comprises the hippocampal formation, fornix, mamillary bodies, thalamus, and other integrated structures. It is involved in complex functions including memory and emotion and in diseases such as temporal lobe epilepsy. Volume measurements of the amygdala and hippocampus have been used reliably to study patients with temporal lobe epilepsy but have not extended to other limbic structures. We performed volume measurements of hippocampus, amygdala, fornix and mamillary bodies in healthy individuals. Measurements of the amygdala, hippocampus, fornix and mamillary bodies revealed significant differences in volume between right and left sides (P 〈 0.001). The intraclass coefficient of variation for measurements was high for all structures except the mamillary bodies. Qualitative image assessment of the same structures revealed no asymmetries between the hemispheres. This technique can be applied to the study of disorders affecting the limbic system.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Ear ; neoplasms ; Temporal bone ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the use of MRI in the diagnosis, follow-up and therapeutic management of three cases of intralabyrinthine Schwannoma. The diagnosis was based on the history and initial and follow-up MRI findings. The main feature suggesting the diagnosis was a nodular intralabyrinthine mass of low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and high or isointense signal on T1-weighted images (relative to cerebrospinal fluid), which showed contrast enhancement. Follow-up imaging showed growth of the tumour in one patient. One patient underwent surgery for severe tinnitus. To detect these lesions, MRI should be focussed on the inner ear, using thin-section T2-weighted and T1-weighted images before and after contrast medium. MRI allowed informed surgical planning.
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  • 58
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 335-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Thyroid ; lingual ; Goitre ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the CT and MRI findings in a 75-year-old woman with a huge pathologically proven lingual thyroid which underwent goitrous degeneration. CT and MRI showed a midline, tongue-based, exophytic mass with areas of necrosis and heterogeneous contrast enhancement, as seen in large goitres in the normal thyroid gland.
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  • 59
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 364-366 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Incontinentia pigmenti ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Incontinentia pigmenti is an uncommon neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by skin lesions, dental and ocular abnormalities and central nervous system involvement. We report the cranial MRI findings in two sisters with this condition. These include hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, enlargement of the lateral ventricles and periventricular white-matter lesions. One girl also had unilateral microphthalmia and rostral agenesis of the corpus callosum, a feature not previously described.
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  • 60
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 377-379 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Ganglioglioma ; Neuronal tumours ; Brain ventricles ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of ganglioglioma located in the body and frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle. The lesion was found in a 71-year-old man who suffered from recurrent episodes of right hemicranial headache. CT and MRI showed a heterogeneous intraventricular tumour with multiple microcysts that suggested a diagnosis of subependymoma or central neurocytoma, but the pathological findings were consistent with ganglioglioma. Although the most frequent intracranial location of ganglioglioma is the temporal lobe, any location in the central nervous system may be seen. Nevertheless an exclusively intraventricular location is exceptional. To our knowledge this is the first complete radiological report of a purely intraventricular ganglioglioma.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain embolism ; Endocarditis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the findings on CT or MRI in five patients with neurological symptoms and underlying infective endocarditis (IE). We noted the size, number, and distribution of lesions, the presence or absence of haemorrhage, and contrast enhancement patterns. The number of lesions ranged from 4 to more than 10 in each patient. Their size varied from punctate to 6 cm; they were distributed throughout the brain. The lesions could be categorized into four patterns based on imaging features. A cortical infarct pattern was seen in all patients. Patchy lesions, which did not enhance, were found in the white matter or basal ganglia in three. Isolated, tiny, nodular or ring-enhancing white matter lesions were seen in three patients, and parenchymal haemorrhages in four. In addition to the occurrence of multiple lesions with various patterns in the same patient, isolated, tiny, enhancing lesions in the white matter seemed to be valuable features which could help to differentiate the neurological complications of IE from other thromboembolic infarcts.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Glioblastoma ; necrosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a previous study, we found that the extent of necrosis was the only radiological feature which correlated significantly with survival in patients with glioblastoma. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the variability and prognostic value of the extent of the necrotic area as seen on contrast-enhanced MRI and CT in a larger series. We studied 72 patients who underwent surgical removal of supratentorial glioblastomas and had CT and/or MRI with contrast medium before surgery; 38, all undergoing the same treatment (surgery plus radiotherapy), were followed clinically. Necrosis within the tumour varied greatly, ranging from none (only 1 case) to involvement of 76 % of the tumour. Survival data in the subgroup suggested that only patients with a small area of necrosis (less than 35 % of the tumour) had a significantly longer survival time. When necrosis involved more than 35 % of the mass, patients had a shorter survival time, without any further correlation with the extent of necrosis.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Arachnoid granulations ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance venography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report MRI and angiographic findings of an unusual giant arachnoid granulation in the left sigmoid sinus in a boy with headache. Its signal intensity was lower than that of cerebral cortex on T1-weighted images and higher on T2 weighting, mimicking dural sinus thrombosis.
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  • 64
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 261-263 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Head and neck ; neoplasms ; Sarcoma ; synovial ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the CT and MRI findings of a histologically proven synovial sarcoma arising in the left parapharyngeal space of a 21-year-old man. CT was useful for confirming the presence of calcification within the tumour, which may be a favourable prognostic sign, and in excluding involvement of cortical bone. The CT and MRI findings were, however, nonspecific. MRI was superior to CT for assessing the topographical relationships of the tumour to the vessels and the invasion of neighbouring structures.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain diseases ; Arteriovenous fistula ; Myelopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diagnosis of an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with spinal perimedullary venous drainage is challenging because the presenting symptoms are usually related to dysfunction of the spine, not of the brain. Repeated spinal angiograms are usually performed before the diagnosis is finally made by cerebral angiography. We report two cases of intracranial DAVFs with spinal perimedullary venous drainage. In both cases contrast-enhanced cervical MRI demonstrated dilated lower brainstem and upper spinal veins, which, we believe, is a good indicator of the existence of such drainage. We suggest that, in cases with perimedullary serpentine enhancement on thoracic or lumbar MR images, additional Gd-enhanced cervical spinal MR imaging should be performed. The simple process of tracing the veins upwards may avoid a lot of unnecessary examinations and delay in the diagnosis.
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  • 66
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 420-423 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ; Polyradiculitis ; Semple vaccine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract I reviewed MRI findings in five patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following vaccination with Semple antirabies vaccine. MRI in two patients with encephalitis features showed multiple white matter lesions in the cerebrum, cerebellar peduncles and brain stem. Two patients who had features of cord involvement showed signal alterations in the cord extending over a few segments. Asymptomatic lesions in the cerebrum were seen in two patients. In a patient with encephalomyelitis MRI 50 days later showed resolution of the lesions. The white matter lesions described were indistinguishable from those seen in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following other infections.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words volume measurement ; hippocampus ; epilepsy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the intra- and interobserver variability of volume measurments of the hippocampus (HC) and the amygdala as applied to the detection of HC atrophy in patients with complex partial seizures (CPE), measuring the volumes of the HC and amygdala of 11 normal volunteers and 12 patients with presumed CPE, using the manual ray-tracing method. Two independent observers performed these measurements twice each using home-made software. The intra- and interobserver variability of the absolute volumes and of the normalised left-to-right volume differences (δV) between the HC (δVHC), the amygdala (δVA) and the sum of both (δVHCA) were assessed. In our mainly right-handed normals, the right HC and amygdala were on average 0.05 and 0.03 ml larger respectively than on the left. The interobserver variability for volume measurements in normal subjects was 1.80 ml for the HC and 0.82 ml for the amygdala, the intraobserver variability roughly one third of these values. The interobserver variability coefficient in normals was 3.6 % for δVHCA, 4.7 % for δVHC and 7.3 % for δVA. The intraobserver variability coefficient was 3.4 % for δVHCA, 4.2 % for δVHC amd 5.6 % for δVA. The variability in patients was the same for volume differences less than 5 % either side of the interval for normality, but was higher when large volume differences were encountered, is probably due to the lack of thresholding and/or normalisation. Cutoff values for lateralisation with the δV were defined. No intra- or interobserver lateralisation differences were encountered with δVHCA and δVHC. From these observations we conclude that the manual ray-tracing method is a robust method for lateralisation in patients with TLE. Due to its higher variability, this method is less suited to measure absolute volumes.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary gland ; Cavernous sinus ; Dura mater ; Anatomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared MRI studies of the sellar area and embryological and adult histological studies of the cavernous sinuses and pituitary fossa. MRI studies were performed in 50 normal subjects with coronal sections using a fast inversion-recovery sequence to demonstrate the dural walls of the cavernous sinus and pituitary fossa. With this sequence, dura mater appears as a high-signal linear structure. The lateral and superior walls of the cavernous sinus was easily identified on all studies, but demonstration of a dural wall separating the cavernous sinus from the pituitary fossa was not possible. These results correlated well with embryological and adult histological studies obtained from 14 specimens. The absence of a strong separation between the pituitary fossa and the cavernous sinus explains the high incidence of extension of pituitary tumours to the cavernous sinuses and vice versa.
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  • 69
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 675-683 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cortical dysplasia ; focal ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied nine cases of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) by MRI, with surface-rendered 3D reconstructions. One case was also examined using single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy (MRS). The histological features were reviewed and correlated with the MRI findings. The gyri affected by FCD were enlarged and the signal of the cortex was slightly increased on T1-weighted images. The gray-white junction was indistinct. Signal from the subcortical white matter was decreased on T1- and increased on T2-weighted images in most cases. Contrast enhancement was seen in two cases. Proton MRS showed a spectrum identical to that of normal brain.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Neurocysticercosis ; Subarachnoid space ; Spinal ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a patient with neurocysticercosis with spinal subarachnoid spread who presented with lower back pain and progressive numbness and weakness of the left leg. MRI of the spine simulated metastasis. MRI of the brain demonstrated a “bunch of grapes” appearance in the basal cisterns, characteristic of cysticercosis.
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  • 71
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 743-747 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Meningioma ; Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningiomas are rare tumours in children and lumbar lesions are exceptional. We report a clear-cell meningioma (CCM) of the cauda equina in a 10-year-old girl. The tumour was diagnosed by MRI, showing an enhancing intradural mass extending from L1 to L4. Pathology and immunohistochemical study demonstrated a CCM. The patient had a recurrence 6 months after the operation requiring further surgery. CCM are rare lesions, characterised by abundant cytoplasmic glycogen particles. Complete surgical removal is necessary because, despite their benign histological appearance, CCM are potentially aggressive and may recur, spread locally and even metastasize.
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  • 72
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; cortical malformations ; Lissencephaly ; Miller-Dieker syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although imperfect, MRI is the best way of distinguishing type 1 lissencephaly from other, less classical lissencephalic malformations. We reported a case in which correlation of MRI and neuropathology was possible. Besides the classical radiological features of lissencephaly, i. e., agyria and excessive thickness of the cortex, an additional sign was observed: a thin cortical band, which gave high signal on T2-weighted images, represented a paucicellular and partially myelinated band, 1500 μm thick, lying under the true superficial cortex. This MRI feature could be characteristic of the particular cortical lamination observed in true type 1 lissencephaly.
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  • 73
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 332-334 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Microcephalia vera ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CT and MRI findings in three patients, two of them siblings, with microcephalia vera are presented. In this rare entity, a very small brain with an extremely thin, smooth cortex and increased surrounding cerebrospinal fluid are observed.
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  • 74
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 390-392 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Echinococcosis ; Spinal ; Hydatid disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A rare case of pathologically proven primary intraspinal extradural hydatid disease of the thoracic region with spinal cord compression is reported. The diagnosis was established preoperatively on the basis of the MRI findings. The patient underwent surgery and recovered completely.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Blindness ; congenital ; Cortex ; visual ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI was used to study possible morphological changes in the visual system in 12 patients suffering from congenital blindness of peripheral (ocular) origin. While their optical pathways showed degeneration, hypoplasia or atrophy in 7 out of 12 cases, the occipital cortex appeared normal in all cases. This dissociation between afferent pathways and the cortex is contrary to the assumption that visually deprived cortex may undergo degeneration. The finding is congruent with evidence that the occipital cortex is used for other, nonvisual functions.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Echinococcosis ; brain ; Hydatid disease ; brain ; Albendazole ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of cerebral hydatid disease demonstrated by CT and MRI, treated with albendazole. Follow-up showed complete dissapearance of the cysts with residual focal calcification on CT and presumed gliosis on MRI.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Secretory meningioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Secretory meningioma is a rare entity which may be characterised by imaging features unusual for other subtypes of meningoma, such as low attenuation on CT, high (fat-tissue equivalent) signal intensity on T1-weighted MRI, marked surrounding oedema, and irregular contrast enhancement. We report a case of secretory meningioma and review the literature.
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  • 78
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 669-672 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; infarcts ; Cauda equina ; contrast enhancement ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two cases of infarcts of the spinal cord with contrast enhancement of the cauda equina on MRI. As enhancement of the infarcted spinal cord waned, that of cauda equina was definite. These appearances suggest disruption of the blood-tissue barrier and possibly hyperaemia of cauda equina following infarcts of the spinal cord.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lyme disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 7-year-old boy with neuroborreliosis presenting with headache and bilateral facial nerve palsy. MRI demonstrated tentorial and bilateral facial and trigeminal nerve enhancement.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Visual evoked potentials ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the relationship between abnormalities shown by MRI and functional disturbances in the visual pathway as assessed by the visual evoked potential (VEP) in 25 patients with established multiple sclerosis (MS); only 4 of whom had a history of acute optic neuritis. Optic nerve MRI was abnormal in 19 (76 %) and is thus useful in detecting subclinical disease. Optic nerve total lesion length and area on the STIR sequence was found to correlate significantly with prolongation of the VEP latency. This may reflect a predominantly demyelinating rather than inflammatory origin for the signal change in the optic nerve.
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  • 81
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 23-26 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Leptomeninges metastases ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared high-dose (0.3 mmol/kg) and standard-dose (0.1 mmol/kg) gadolinium-enhanced MRI for diagnosis of meningeal metastases in 12 patients with suspected meningeal metastases. They were imaged with both standard-dose and high-dose gadolinium. All patients with abnormal meningeal enhancement underwent at least one lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, while patients with normal meningeal enhancement were followed clinically. All patients with negative CSF cytology also were followed clinically. A single observer reviewed all the images, with specific attention to the enhancement pattern of the meninges. Abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement was present in three cases, and abnormal pachymeningeal enhancement in three other patients. All of these patients had abnormal CSF analyses. In two of the three cases of abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement the disease was more evident on high-dose than on standard-dose imaging; in one case the abnormal enhancement was visible only on high-dose imaging. In one of the three cases with abnormal pachymeningeal enhancement, the disease was evident prospectively only with high-dose imaging.
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  • 82
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 45-47 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Ventriculus terminalis ; Conus medullaris ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the MRI findings in two patients with cystic dilatation of the ventriculus terminalis. The latter is usually a tiny ependyma-lined cavity of the conus medullaris. In both cases the markedly dilated ventriculus terminalis was seen as a rounded cavity with regular margins, the content of which gave the same signal as cerebrospinal fluid with all MR pulse sequences. No contrast enhancement was seen.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Histiocytosis ; Langerhans cell ; Histiocytosis X ; Brain stem ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Central nervous system involvement is uncommon in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The suprasellar region is more frequently affected. There have been few reports of involvement of the brain parenchyma shown on CT or MRI. We present a case of involvement of the pons, showing marked contrast enhancement on MRI.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Moya-moya disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Diffusion ; Magnetisation transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI in two children with moya-moya demonstrated low signal on T2-weighted images in the acute and subacute phases of ischaemia. Gradient-echo sequences, more sensitive to magnetic susceptibility, demonstrated these abnormalities better. Signal loss, due to temporary accumulation of iron, decreases progressively and disappears in the chronic stage of the disease. Diffusion-weighted MRI allows early detection of ischaemic lesions and can be used to monitor progressive spreading of the lesions. Magnetisation transfer maps provide sharp contrast, useful for demonstrating cortical atrophy.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences ; Echo-planar imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We used five MRI sequences in six patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): conventional spin-echo (CSE) with 5-mm slices; 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) with 2-mm slices; multishot T2*-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) with 5-mm slices; fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (fFLAIR) with 2-mm slices; and 3D fast spin-echo with 1.5-mm-thick slices. A total of 225 lesions were detected on CSE, 274 on 2D FSE, 137 on EPI, 385 on fFLAIR and 320 on 3D FSE. The EPI sequence was clearly the least sensitive and susceptibility artefact was a problem, particularly in the brain stem and temporal lobes. Fast FLAIR displayed a much higher number of supratentorial lesions (380) than 3D FSE (297), 2D FSE (264) or CSE (211). However, in the posterior cranial fossa 3D FSE was the most sensitive sequence (23 lesions), followed by CSE (14) and 2D FSE (10), while fFLAIR (5) was extremely insensitive.
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  • 86
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 455-458 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Infection pyogenic ; Heroin abuse ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spinal cord abscesses are extremely rare, even in intravenous drug abusers. They usually have a poor prognosis unless diagnosed and treated promptly. MRI is the best imaging modality for diagnosis and follow-up. We report a 42-year-old man, an active intravenous drug user, HIV negative, who developped subacute tetraplegia from an intramedullary abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Immediate decompressive surgery and antibiotic treatment led to progressive recovery.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; blood flow ; Cerebral blood volume ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Acetazolamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstracts The acetazolamide (ACZ) test is performed to evaluate the decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) by investigation of vasomotor reactivity (VMR). Our aim was to study cerebral blood flow and blood volume changes induced by the ACZ test in healthy control subjects using dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced gradient-echo MRI (DSC-MRI). A FLASH sequence was used to produce susceptibility-weighted images during an intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA). After the first dynamic study, 1 g acetazolamide was given intravenously and 10 min later a second bolus of Gd-DTPA was injected. Using the indicator-dilution theory, relative cerebral blood volume and relative cerebral blood flow were estimated. In healthy subjects the ACZ test induced a significant increase in relative blood volume (from 80.5 ± 10.7 to 113.4 ± 11.9) and relative blood flow (from 5.73 ± 0.96 to 7.5 ± 0.97), symmetrically in the cerebral hemispheres. This approach might be promising in the understanding of cerebral haemodynamics in patients with vascular disorders.
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  • 88
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 27-31 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; anatomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; threedimensional ; Virchow-Robin spaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a histopathological study of two human brains to look at dilated Virchow-Robin (V-R) spaces in the anterior perforated substance and putamen. We measured the diameter of 74 arteries in 54 dilated V-R spaces. In 28 patients without neurological deficits we ascertained the characteristic location of dilated V-R spaces in the anterior perforated substance and basal ganglia on MRI, measuring the distance from 64 foci of cerebrospinal fluid signal intensity to the centre of the mamillary body on 1 mm thick images. In the histopathological study, the mean diameter of the arteries was 39.0 ± 36.0 μm. Dilatation of the V-R space was observed from the end of the indentation of the pial membrane towards the brain surface along the perforating artery. In the MR images, the mean distance from the dilated V-R space to the mamillary body was 10.0 ± 4.5 mm. The V-R space was confined to a fixed level in the lower part of the basal ganglia, and not found near the brain surface.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Schwannoma Malignant ; Leptomeningeal metastasis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A malignant retroperitoneal schwannoma in a patient without von Recklinghausen's disease is reported. Ossification in the tumour, shown on CT and MRI in this previously untreated patient is exceptional. MRI demonstration of spinal leptomeningeal metastases supports the hypothesis of haematogenous metastatic spread of systemic malignant tumours to the leptomeningeal spaces.
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  • 90
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 651-655 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary adenoma ; Suprasellar tumour ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present five proven giant pituitary adenomas studied by CT and MRI, and review the clinical and imaging findings. Our aim was to examine the radiologic appearances and to search for criteria useful in distinguishing these tumors from other sellar and suprasellar tumours, mainly craniopharyngioma. The main differences from small adenomas were high prevalence of macrocysts, a more invasive behaviour and a clinical picture dominated by mass effect rather than endocrine disturbance. Factors supporting the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma in a giant intra- and suprasellar mass include: infrasellar extension, absence of calcification and presence of low-signal cysts on T1-weighted images.
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  • 91
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 771-777 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain infarction ; Contrast enhancement ; Cortical laminar necrosis ; FLAIR images ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine the chronological changes characteristic of cortical laminar necrosis caused by brain infarction, 16 patients were repeatedly examined using T1-, T2-weighted spin-echo, T2*-weighted gradient echo, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, and contrast enhanced T1-weighted images at 1.0 or 1.5 T. High intensity cortical lesions were visible on the T1-weighted images from 2 weeks after ictus and became prominent at 1 to 3 months, then became less apparent, but occasionally remained at high intensity for 2 years. High intensity cortical lesions on FLAIR images became prominent from 1 month, and then became less prominent from 1 year, but occasionally remained at high intensity for 2 years. Subcortical lesions did not display high intensity on T1-weighted images at any stage. On FLAIR images, subcortical lesions initially showed slightly high intensity and then low intensity from 6 months due to encephalomalacia. Cortical lesions showed prominent contrast enhancement from 2 weeks to 3 months, but subcortical lesions were prominent from 2 weeks only up to 1 month. T2*-weighted images disclosed haemosiderin in 3 of 7 patients, but there was no correlation with cortical short T1 lesions. Cortical laminar necrosis showed characteristic chronological signal changes on T1-weighted images and FLAIR images. Cortical short T1 lesions were found not to be caused by haemorrhagic infarction.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Paraganglioma ; Intrasellar neoplasm ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 76-year-old woman presented with an intrasellar and suprasellar mass which caused deterioration of visual acuity and bitemporal visual field defects. Trans-sphenoidal and transcranial partial resection revealed a primary chemodectoma. This tumour is very rare in the sellar area, where there are normally no paraganglionic cells. We review the literature and discuss possible mechanisms for the development of this tumour.
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  • 93
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 516-518 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Agammaglobulinaemia ; congenital ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI in a 17-year-old boy with known congenital agammaglobulinaemia (CA) demonstrated signs of chronic leptomeningeal inflammation with thickened, enhancing meninges. Furthermore, high signal was found symmetrically on T2-weighted images in the frontal and parietal white matter. The patient presented with severe general brain dysfunction and recent cerebellar ataxia. Extensive investigation did not reveal a causal agent. This case shows that MRI can be helpful in establishing the presence of pathological changes in cases where laboratory results are negative.
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  • 94
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    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 577-579 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Fibroma ; chondromyxoid ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Only a smal proportion of cases of this rare neoplasm occur in the skull. We present an unusually extensive tumour in a young man.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Pyelonephritis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in children remains a clinical challenge. We assessed the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of pyelonephritis in four pediatric patients and compared the results with renal cortical scintigraphy. MRI revealed areas of high signal intensity in the kidney that coincided with photon-deficient regions in the radionuclide scans in two children with acute pyelonephritis. These findings confirm work in experimental animals and indicate that MRI can accurately detect acute pyelonephritis in children.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Koloskopie ; Spiral-CT ; Elektronenstrahltomographie ; MRT ; virtuelle Realität ; Key words Spiral computed tomography ; Electron beam tomography ; EBT ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; MRI ; Colonoscopy ; Virtual reality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: To evaluate experimentally and in patients the sensitivity and effective dose of virtual electron-beam tomography (EBT) colonoscopy for detecting small colon tumors and to compare the methods and results with virtual colonoscopy using spiral CT and MR imaging in a review of the literature. Materials and methods: Six polyps with diameters between 3 and 12 mm were created and randomly placed in resected pig colon. After distension with air, the pig colon was scanned with continous volume scanning (CVS, 3 mm collimation) and a pitch of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.5. Twenty patients positive for the fecal blood test were examined after rectal CO2 insufflation and i. v. administration of 1 mg glucagon. A 13 s CVS scan was used to cover the entire colon within one breathhold. 3D volume-rendered fly-throughs were evaluated by two independent radiologists. Effective dose equivalent was estimated using an Alderson phantom equipped with thermoluminescence dosimeters. Results: In the tumor model, all polyps were detectable at a pitch of 1.5. A further reduction of the pitch ratio did not improve the conspicuity of the polyps. In patient studies, all tumors (n = 4) and polyps (n = 3) were correctly identified on 3D fly-throughs. Two false positive results were obtained. Effective dose equivalent was calculated at 3.2 mSv per scan. Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that virtual EBT colonoscopy holds promise for fast screening for colon polyps. The best technique for virtual colonoscopy (Spiral CT, EBT, MRI) has not yet been determined and the future role of virtual colonoscopy must still be defined.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel: Als virtuelle Koloskopie bezeichnet man eine neue Methode, die aus Bilddaten der radiologischen Schnittbildverfahren, CT, Elektronenstrahl-CT (EBT) und MRT mittels computerunterstützter Bildnachverarbeitung simulierte dreidimensionale (3D-), endoskopieähnliche Bilder des Kolons erzeugt. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war die Bestimmung der Wertigkeit der virtuellen EBT-Koloskopie zum Nachweis von kolorektalen Polypen und Tumoren in vitro am Tumormodell und in Patientenstudien. Anhand publizierter Studien der virtuellen Koloskopie mit Spiral-CT und MRT sollen die verschiedenen Untersuchungstechniken dargestellt und verglichen werden. Material und Methode: 6 Polypen mit einem Durchmesser von 3–12 mm wurden nach Abheben und Umstechen der Mukosa in Schweinekolon gebildet. Nach Distension mit Raumluft wurde dieses Tumormodell mit EBT im „continuous volume scanning (CVS)-Mode” mit 3-mm-Kollimation und 3 verschiedenen Pitchverhältnissen (0,4; 0,8; 1,5) gescannt; 20 Patienten mit positivem Hämocculttest wurden nach rektaler CO2-Insufflation und i. v.-Gabe von 1 mg Glucagon in Atemanhaltetechnik mit einem den ganzen Kolonrahmen abdeckenden CVS-Scan (13 s Untersuchungsdauer) untersucht. Endoskopische 3D-Durchflugsrekonstruktionen wurden von 2 unabhängigen Radiologen hinsichtlich des Vorliegens von Polypen oder Tumoren beurteilt. Die zu erwartende effektive Dosis für die EBT-Koloskopie wurde über Messungen mit einem Alderson-Phantom, welches mit Thermolumineszenzdosimetern bestückt war, berechnet. Ergebnisse: Schon bei einem Pitch von 1,5 wurden alle Polypen im Tumormodell erkannt. Die Reduzierung des Pitch auf 0,8 oder 0,4 verbesserte nicht die Erkennbarkeit der Polypen auf den endoskopischen 3D-Rekonstruktionen. Alle Tumoren (n = 4) und Polypen (n = 3) der Patientenuntersuchungen wurden korrekt identifiziert. 2 falsch-positive Befunde wurden erhoben. Die effektive Dosis pro Scan errechnete sich zu maximal 3,2 mSv. Schlußfolgerungen: Unsere vorläufigen Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die virtuelle EBT-Koloskopie eine vielversprechende Methode zum Nachweis von kolorektalen Tumoren ist. Der Stellenwert der verschiedenen Techniken der virtuellen Koloskopie (Spiral-CT, EBT, MRT) muß erst noch bestimmt werden.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Angiographie ; Koronare Bypässe ; Myokardszintigraphie ; Echokardiographie ; Elektronenstrahl-Tomographie ; Spiral-Computertomographie ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Key words Angiography ; Coronary artery bypass grafts ; Myocardial scintigraphy ; Echocardiography ; Electron beam tomography ; Spiral computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Electron beam tomography (EBT) permits acquisition of images with high spatial and temporal resolution. The value of EBT and other imaging modalities for the depiction of patent coronary artery bypass grafts (ACVB, IMA) are compared to coronary angiography and an overview of current results is given. Material and methods: Graft patency can be evaluated with indirect methods stress, such as echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, myocardial scintigraphy, positron-emission tomography (PET) and direct imaging modalities, such as Doppler/2D echocardiography, EBT, spiral computed tomography (SCT) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Results: With indirect methods graft patency can be evaluated with sensitivity of 64–100% and specificity of 73–100%. EBT and SCT are equivalent in sensitivity (=94%) in the assessment of open venous grafts and specificity is up to 100%, but EBT is superior in the diagnosis of patent IMA grafts (sensitivity 100% vs 89%). Visualization of high-grade venous bypass stenosis seems possible with EBT. MRA with gradient echo technique is highly accurate in the assessment of patent venous grafts (sensitivity 77–93%) but has limited value in the evaluation of IMAs (sensitivity=53%). Promising are ultrafast 3D-MRA methods which permit high accuracy (sensitivity=94–96%) in assessing venous and arterial grafts. Discussion: Indirect imaging methods cannot differentiate between an occluded bypass, progression of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. EBT and SCT are equivalent in the diagnosis of open and occluded venous grafts, but EBT is superior in the assessment of patent IMA grafts. Visualization of high-grade venous bypass stenosis seems possible with EBT. MRA techniques, especially ultrafast 3D-MR methods, are highyly accurate in the assessment of patent venous and arterial grafts but are still limited to scientific research.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Die Elektronenstrahl-Tomographie (EBT) erlaubt es, Einzelschichtbilder mit hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung zu erzeugen. Der Stellenwert der EBT in der Diagnostik venöser und arterieller Bypässe soll anderen bildgebenden Verfahren gegenübergestellt werden. Material und Methoden: Die Beurteilung der Durchgängigkeit von Bypässen erfolgt mit indirekten und direkten Methoden. Indirekte Methoden umfassen die Streßechokardiographie sowie nuklearmedizinische Techniken wie die Radionuklidventrikulographie, Myokardszintigraphie und Positronen- Emissions-Tomographie (PET). Zu den direkten Verfahren zählen die Doppler-/2D-Echokardiographie, die Spiral-Computertomographie (SCT), Magnetresonanz-Angiographie (MRA) und die EBT. Ergebnisse: Mit nuklearmedizinischen Methoden gelingt die Beurteilung der Bypassdurchgängigkeit mit einer Sensitivität von 64%–100% bei einer Spezifität von 73%– 100%. Bei der Echokardiographie liegt die Sensitivität bei 83%–93%. EBT und Spiral-CT weisen vergleichbare Sensitivitäten (bis 94%) in der Beurteilung venöser Bypässe auf, die Spezifität wird mit bis zu 100% angegeben. In der Diagnostik arterieller Bypässe zeigt die EBT dagegen eindeutige Vorteile (Sensitivität bis 100%) gegenüber der SCT (Sensitivität bis 89%). Die morphologische Beurteilung hochgradiger venöser Bypass-Stenosen scheint nur mit der EBT möglich zu sein. Mit Gradienten-Echo-Techniken der MRA können angiographisch offene venöse Bypässe mit einer Sensitivität von 77%–93% als durchgängig bewertet werden, für die Diagnostik arterieller Grafts sind sie nicht geeignet (Sensitivität=53%). Vielversprechend sind moderne kontrastverstärkte 3D-MRA Methoden, die auch eine genaue Beurteilung von arteriellen Bypässen gestatten (Sensitivität=96%). Ob eine morphologische Beurteilung von Bypass-Stenosen mit Navigator-Echo-Technik möglich ist, muß noch untersucht werden. Zusammenfassung: Mit indirekten bildgebenden Verfahren ist eine Differenzierung zwischen Bypassverschluß, Progression der koronaren Herzerkrankung oder stattgehabten Myokardinfarkt nicht möglich. EBT und Spiral-CT sind gleichwertig in der Beurteilung der Durchgängigkeit venöser Bypässe. Die EBT besitzt Vorteile in der Diagnostik arterieller Bypässe und der morphologischen Beurteilung hochgradiger venöser Bypass-Stenosen. Die MRA, vor allem ultraschnelle kontrastverstärkte 3D-Methoden, weisen eine hohe diagnostische Aussagekraft in der Beurteilung der Durchgängigkeit venöser und arterieller Grafts auf, ihr Einsatz bleibt aber vorerst wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen vorbehalten.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 913-923 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zerebrale Lymphome ; Hirntumoren ; Computertomographie ; Kernspintomographie ; Key words Cerebral lymphomas ; Brain tumours ; Computer tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The incidence of primary cerebral lymphomas has risen continuously during the past years. The neuroradiological signs, which are decisive for the differential diagnosis of cerebral lymphomas, are worked up and discussed in this study. Thirty CT and 27 MR investigations of a total of 32 patients (14 males, 18 females, age 60±15 years) with histopathologically proven cerebral lymphomas were analysed retrospectively. Multiple cerebral lymphomas were detected in 10/32 patients (31%). The cerebral lymphomas appeared on CT scans as hyperdense masses in 28/30 cases (93%). On T2-weighted MR scans 14/27 (52%) lymphomas were slightly hyperintense compared to white matter and 9/27 (33%) inhomogeneously isointense to poorly hyperintense. These were clearly T2-hypointense compared to T2-hyperintense perifocal oedema. In these cases CT density and T2-weighted signal intensity looked like grey matter. All cerebral lymphomas except one case took up contrast medium. An ependymal infiltration or a contact to the ventricle’s wall were found in 24/32 cases and an infiltration or a contact to the leptomeningeal space in 15/32 cases. One should consider a cerebral lymphoma as a possible differential diagnosis when a cerebral mass shows the following signs: (1) in CT scans as a hyperdense mass, and on T2-weighted MR images hyperintense compared to white matter and hypointense compared to perifocal edema; (2) clear contrast enhancement and (3) infiltration or broad contact with the ependyma and/or the leptomeningeal space.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Inzidenz der primär zerebralen Lymphome hat in den vergangenen Jahren kontinuierlich zugenommen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die neuroradiologischen Kriterien, die für die Differentialdiagnose zerebraler Lymphome entscheidend sind, erarbeitet. Hierzu wurden 30 CT- und 27 MRT-Untersuchungen von 32 Patienten (14 Männer, 18 Frauen, mittleres Alter 60± 15 Jahre) mit einem neuropathologisch verifiziertem zerebralem Lymphom retrospektiv ausgewertet. Bei 10/32 (31%) Patienten wurden multiple zerebrale Lymphomherde diagnostiziert. In der CT stellten sich nativ bei 28/30 Patienten (93%) die Lymphome mäßig hyperdens dar. Auf T2-gewichteten Spin-Echo-Aufnahmen waren in 14/27 Fällen (52%) die Lymphome im Vergleich zur weißen Substanz mäßig hyperintens und in 9/27 (33%) inhomogen iso- bis hyperintens. Im Vergleich zum T2-hyperintensen perifokalen Ödem kamen sie hypointens zur Darstellung. CT-Dichte und T2-Signalintensität entsprach in diesen Fällen der der Hirnrinde. Bis auf einen Fall nahmen alle zerebralen Lymphommanifestationen deutlich Korntrastmittel auf. In 24/32 Fällen fand sich eine Infiltration des Ependyms oder ein Kontakt zu den Ventrikelwänden. Eine Infiltration oder Kontakt zum leptomeningealen Raum lag in 15/32 Fällen vor. Bei einer intrakraniellen Raumforderung sollte differentialdiagnostisch an ein zerebrales Lymphom gedacht werden, wenn diese 1. im CT hyperdens und auf T2-gewichteten Aufnahmen im Vergleich zum perifokalen Ödem hypointens ist, 2. ein deutliches Kontrastmittelenhancement besteht und 3. eine Infiltration oder ein breiter Kontakt zum Ependym und/oder zum leptomeningealen Raum vorliegt.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Samenblasenzysten ; Nierenagenesie ; Langzeitverlauf ; Computertomographie ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Key words Seminal vesicle cysts ; Renal agenesis ; Long-term results ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Congenital seminal vesicle cysts associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis or dysplasia are rare malformations. Even though they are more often diagnosed today due to the introduction of advanced, sectional imaging techniques as CT and MRI, no reliable data about the prevalence of this malformation are available. This study reports seven consecutive cases, with long-term follow-up in five cases (26–119 months, mean 52 months). All patients underwent sonography, excretory urography, CT and MRI. Only two of seven patients presented nonspecific symptoms of the lower urinary tract; five were asymptomatic. In all cases sonography revealed the cystic character of the retrovesical enlargement. The anatomy of the lower pelvis was most accurately shown on MRI, which depicted the ectopic insertion of the ureter into the seminal vesicle in five cases. Cysts demonstrated high signal intensities in T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images. In five cases the CT density was over 40 HU. Whereas one patient (15 years) presented significant enlargement of the cysts 10 years after primary diagnosis with compression of the urinary bladder, four patients showed no changes of their malformation in the follow-up examinations. The present data therefore support the concept of treating only symptomatic patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kongenitale Samenblasenzysten mit ipsilateraler Nierenagenesie oder -dyplasie sind seltene angeborene Mißbildungen. Seit Einführung moderner Schnittbildverfahren werden sie jedoch zunehmend häufiger diagnostiziert. Dennoch fehlen bislang genaue Angaben über die Prävalenz dieses Mißbildungsmusters. Diese Studie berichtet über 7 konsekutive Fälle und dokumentiert in 5 Fällen Langzeitbeobachtungen (26–119 Monate, Mittel 52 Monate). Von allen Patienten liegen Ultraschalluntersuchungen, Ausscheidungsurographien sowie Computer- und Kernspintomographien vor. Nur 2 von 7 Patienten wiesen unspezifische Symptome des unteren Harntraktes auf, alle anderen waren asymptomatisch. Von allen bildgebenden Verfahren zeigte die Kernspintomographie am genausten die Veränderungen im kleinen Becken und ihre Beziehungen zum Urogenitalsystem. Die Zysten wiesen eine hohe Signalintensität in T1- und T2-gewichteten Spin-Echo-Sequenzen auf. Computertomographisch fanden sich in 5 Fällen Dichtewerte über 40 HE. Während ein Patient (15 Jahre alt) 10 Jahre nach Erstdiagnose eine erhebliche Vergrößerung der Zysten mit Verdrängung der Harnblase aufwies, zeigten 4 Patienten bei der Nachuntersuchung keine Veränderung der Fehlbildung. Die vorliegenden Daten stützen somit das Konzept, nur symptomatische Patienten zu therapieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Cholesteatoma ; Meningitis ; Granuloma ; Foreign bodies ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of chronic chemical meningitis occurring after a radical mastoidectomy is reported. Imaging and surgical findings were suggestive of a dissemination of cholesteatoma debris within the subarachnoid spaces. Chemical meningitis has been described in epidermoid and dermoid cyst rupture. This report illustrates that clinicians should be aware of this possible complication. Skull base imaging is mandatory before considering the diagnosis of idiopathic meningitis. Only treatment of the abnormal communication between cerebrospinal fluid and middle ear may eradicate the origin of this rare meningitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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