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  • 1995-1999  (2,033)
  • 1995  (2,033)
  • General Chemistry  (1,656)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (196)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (181)
  • Nuclear reactions
Source
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (2,033)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Arthritis ; Rat ; Knee ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiography ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate antigen-induced monoarticular arthritis (AIMA) in the rat. In sagittal, spin-echo images of the knee, characteristic parallel bands, in the order dark-light-dark, were consistently observed 5–8 days after arthritis induction; the bands ran concentric with, and just beneath, the femoral and tibial articular surfaces. Concurrent radiology, histology and MRI (chemical shift-selective imaging and contrast enhancement with magnetisation transfer and gadolinium) established that the phenomenon reflected subchondral erosion, not artefact. The outer hypointense band corresponded to calcified cartilage underlying the articular surface. The central hyperintense band reflected inflammatory matrix displacing normal haematopoietic tissue immediately subchondrally; here, trabecular bone had mostly disappeared, but adjacent articular cartilage, although under attack and lacking proteoglycan, appeared structurally normal. The inner hypointense band reflected deeper, truncated trabeculae within inflammatory matrix, layered with pallisading osteoblast-like cells. This study exemplifies the power of MRI for revealing localised joint pathology non-invasively, and shows that rat AIMA shares many pathological features with arthritis in human beings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197062
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gadopentetate-dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging of osteonecrosis and osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow: initial experience (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Elbow ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteochondritis dissecans ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on seven patients with aseptic osteonecrosis (n=4) and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD;n=3) of the elbow. Precontrast MRI was superior to plain radiographs, which did not show any abnormality in three cases of osteonecrosis. On gadopentetate-dimeglumine-enhanced T1-weighted images, which were obtained in three patients with osteonecrosis and three patients with OCD, all cases of osteonecrosis demonstrated homogeneous enhancement of the lesions. All cases of OCD were diagnosed on plain radiographs. On MRI one showed significant enhancement of the loose body. In another case an incompletely enhancing loose body was surrounded by a diffusely enhancing region. In the third patient only a small marginal enhancement of the defect was observed. Our results suggest that MRI can improve the accuracy in diagnosis of aseptic osteonecrosis of the elbow. The use of gadopentetate dimeglumine allows the viability of the lesions or the loose bodies to be demonstrated and reparative tissue to be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425939
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of intraosseous lipomas: a radiologic-pathologic correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Intraosseous lipoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four patients with intraosseous lipomas were studied with magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging features and histology of each tumor were compared. Magnetic resonance imaging was very helpful in establishing a pathologic diagnosis. If a severe degree of involution was present, then the magnetic resonance findings could be ambiguous, making diagnosis more difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425945
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI appearances of the asymptomatic patellar tendon on gradient echo imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Patellar tendon ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gradient echo (GRE) sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thickening of the patellar tendon and foci of increased signal intensity have been described as characteristic features of “jumper's knee” (chronic patellar tendinitis) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was our impression that such appearances may be seen in the patellar tendons of patients without symptoms referable to the anterior part of the knee when using gradient echo images. The appearances of the asymptomatic patellar tendon on three-dimensional gradient echo sequences were studied by retrospectively reviewing the images of 60 patients, none of whom had symptoms related to the anterior part of the knee. The anteroposterior width of the patellar tendon was measured at three levels (superior, middle and inferior) on the central sagittal image of a gradient echo sequence. The relative signal intensities at the same levels were recorded. In 97% of subjects the superior part of the tendon was wider than the midpoint, and in 97% the inferior part was wider than the midpoint. The range of widths was wide, and there was no significant difference between sexes. Focal increased signal intensity in the superior part was shown in 75%, and in the inferior part in 43%. The asymptomatic patellar tendon shows uniform thickness throughout most of its length, but there are focal expansions at the proximal and distal ends. It usually demonstrates low signal on MRI, but may contain foci of increased signal intensity at either or both ends when imaged on gradient-echo sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198074
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinctive radiological features of small hand joints in rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthritis demonstrated by contrast-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) magnetic resonance imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gd-DTPA ; Contrast medium enhancement ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Seronegative spondyloarthritis ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A series of patients with clinically early inflammatory joint disease due to rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's syndrome were examined by plain film radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The spin echo T1-weighted precontrast, T2-weighted, and, especially, T1-weighted postcontrast images demonstrated distinct differences in the distribution of inflamatory changes, both within and adjacent to involved small hand joints. Two major subtypes of inflammatory arthritis were shown, thus providing a specific differential diagnosis between rheumatoid arthritis and some patients with seronegative spondyloarthritis. In particular, all the patients with Reiter's syndrome who were studied, and half of those with psoriatic arthritis, had a distinctive pattern of extra-articular disease involvement. The need for a new classification of clinical subsets in psoriatic arthritis has been recently suggested. The present findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging could be useful in such a reclassification of seronegative spondyloarthritis, as well as offering considerable potential for a reappraisal of pathogenesis and therapy. In this series, it was also noted that juxta-articular osteoporosis on plain film did not correlate with bone marrow oedema on MRI. Hence the aetiology of this common radiographic finding also merits further consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197064
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile spondyloarthropathies: clinical manifestations and medical imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 399-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Spondyloarthropathy ; Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis ; Juvenile psoriatic arthritis ; Arthritis with IBD ; Reiter's syndrome ; Reactive arthritis ; Enthesitis ; Sacroiliitis ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spondyloarthropathies comprise four distinct entities — ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, the arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and Reiter's syndrome and other related forms of reactive arthritis. Although these are distinct diseases, they have a number of clinical, radiologie, and genetic characteristics in common which permit them to be classified under the unifying term “spondyloarthropathy”. They are diseases of young adults, and when they present in patients under 16 years of age we refer to them as the “juvenile” spondyloarthropathies. They must be distinguished from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, which is a totally separate entity; however the distinction may not always be obvious. Involvement of peripheral and sacroiliac joints commonly occurs in the juvenile spondyloarthropathies. The peripheral arthritis may be erosive and associated with bone apposition at the joint margins. Axial involvement is usually a late finding. Dactylitis and tenosynovitis are frequently present early on. Enthesitis, a highly specific feature, occurs much more often in the juvenile spondyloarthropathies than in the adult forms and it may be the only presenting feature. The plain radiograph is the primary and most important imaging modality for the assessment of these diseases. However, an expanding role of magnetic resonance imaging is evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat scratch disease: magnetic resonance imaging findings (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Cat scratch disease ; Infectious lymphaden ; opathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cat scratch disease is an infectious lymphadenitis frequently occurring in children and adolescents. We present the magnetic resonance imaging findings of two patients with this disease. In both cases, lymphadenopathy was characterized by extensive stranding of the surrounding soft tissues, consistent with the inflammatory nature of this condition. Magnetic resonance imaging can be diagnostic and may obviate the need for invasive means of evaluation in patients suspected of having cat scratch disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941241
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of popliteus injuries with MR imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Injuries ; Tendons ; Muscles ; Popliteus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. Popliteal muscle and tendon injuries are thought to be unusual. This report describes the magnetic resonance (MR) appearances of popliteus muscle and tendon injuries. Design and patients. The study included 24 patients where the diagnoses of popliteal injuries were prospectively made based on MR appearances. The study group was taken from 2412 consecutive knee MRIs. The injuries were characterized as to involving the muscular or tendinous portions of the popliteus apparatus. Results. In 95.8% (23/24) of patients, the tears of the popliteus involved the muscular portion. The injuries were either partial and interstitial or complete. Three patients had tears of both the muscular and tendinous portions or the tendon alone. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were torn in 16.7% (4/24) and 29.2% (7/24) of patients, respectively. There were medial and lateral meniscal tears in 45.8% (11/24) and 25% (6/24) of patients, respectively. There were injuries of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments in 8.3% (2/24) and 4.2% (1/24) of patients, respectively. Bone bruises and/or fractures were seen in 33.3% (8/24) patients. In 8.3% (2/24) of patients, the popliteus injury was an isolated finding. Conclusion. Popliteus muscle and tendon injuries are not uncommon. They usually occur in conjunction with other significant injuries of the knee and can be characterized with MR imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202148
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of a meniscal ossicle (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 543-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Meniscus ; Meniscal ossicle ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the MR appearance of a meniscal ossicle, which is an unusual etiology for knee pain. The role of MR in differentiating a meniscal ossicle from a loose body is presented. The MR images also demonstrated associated tibial cartilage thinning and a possible meniscal tear. These MR findings led to arthroscopic treatment rather than conservative management. A review of the literature on meniscal ossicles is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202157
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial hemangioma of the knee: MRI findings in two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 579-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Knee ; Synovial hemangioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The findings in two patients with histologically proven synovial hemangioma of the knee are described. Both cases emphasize the typical appearance of this unusual tumor on magnetic resonance imaging. Additional radiologic findings, such as adjacent osseous involvement, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204855
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of hereditary hernias of the peroneus longus muscle (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 601-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Muscle hernias ; Peroneus longus ; Fascial defects ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Herniation of the left peroneus longus muscle was present in three male members of the same family, being the first reported case of this condition in a familial setting. The hernias were differentiated from other mass lesions and varices by magnetic resonance imaging. The images demonstrated a fascial defect originating in the area where vessels and nerves penetrate the fascia, suggesting that the three men had a congenital weakness in the fascia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204860
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial hemangioma: imaging features in eight histologically proven cases, review of the literature, and differential diagnosis (1995)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 583-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Vascular lesions ; Hemangioma ; Synovial hemangioma ; Soft tissue tumors ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to describe the imaging characteristics of synovial hemangioma, with the goal of improving the disappointing rate (22%) of clinical diagnosis of this condition. A review of the literature and the differential diagnosis of intra-articular lesions, including synovial osteochondromatosis and pigmented villonodular synovitis, are also presented. Patients The subjects of the study were 8 patients (4 males, 4 females; age range: 5–47 years; mean age: 19 years) with histologically confirmed synovial hemangioma involving the knee (n=7) or wrist (n=1). We retrospectively examined the imaging studies performed in these patients, including plain radiography (n=8), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n=4), angiography (n=3), arthrography (n=2), and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT; n=2). Results Plain radiographs showed a soft tissue density suggesting either joint effusion or a mass in all patients. Phleboliths and bone erosions on plain films in four patients with extra-articular soft tissue involvement pointed to the correct diagnosis. Angiography, showing fine-caliber, smooth-walled vessels, contrast pooling in dilated vascular spaces, and early visualization of venous structures, was diagnostic in two patients. Neither arthrography nor CT yielded specific enough findings. MRI was consistently effective in allowing the correct diagnosis to be made preoperatively, showing an intra-articular or juxta-articular mass of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and of high signal intensity on T2or T2*-weighted images with low-signal channels or septa within it. A fluid-fluid level was found in two patients with a cavernous-type lesion. Conclusion Despite the limited nature of this study, it shows clearly that MRI is the procedure of choice whenever an intra-articular vascular lesion such as synovial hemangioma is suspected. Nonetheless, phleboliths and evidence of extra-articular extension on plain radiographs point to angiography as an effective procedure of first resort because it can be combined with embolotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204857
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement is undetectable in Hodgkin's lymphomas: results from the German Hodgkin trial (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histological classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ninety-one Hodgkin's lymphomas (HD), 52 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 33 specimens of non-neoplastic lymphatic tissues were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement. The majority of the HD cases were drawn from the files of the German Hodgkin trial where diagnoses are established by a panel of four independent histopathologists. Using the very sensitive PCR method which detected 1 positive among 10000 negative cells, the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement was found in 7/52 NHL and 3/16 tonsils with follicular hyperplasia, but in none of the 91 HD. The bcl-2 protein, however, was expressed by malignant cells of B and T cell lymphomas and by the giant tumour cells in 2/13 HD lymphocyte predominant, 11/28 HD nodular sclerosing I, 14/17 HD nodular sclerosing II, 10/27 HD mixed cellularity and 3/3 HD lymphocyte depleted. The bcl-2/JH rearrangement is thus independent of protein over-expression, the latter being found in all types of lymphomas. Our results do not confirm the findings of others who have detected the bcl-2/JH rearrangement in HD. These discrepancies may be explained by differences in choice of material, the gene rearrangement actually occuring in bystander cells but not in Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin cells, or by contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194696
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of β1, β3 and β4 integrins in sarcomas of the small, round, blue cell category (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Small round blue cell sarcomas ; Integrins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Integrins are a large and complex family of membrane spanning αβ heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins mediating cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Small, round, blue cell sarcomas (SRBCS) are a group of poorly differentiated tumours of various and in part uncertain histogenesis displaying similar cytomorphology. Among them are rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), ganglioneuroblastomas [(G)NB], primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumours (pPNET) and Ewing's sarcomas (ES). Thirty-two SRBCS were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of β1, β3 and β4 integrins in situ. We found complex and to some extent differential patterns of β1, β3 and β4 integrin subunit expression in different types of SRBCS: all of the sarcomas studied were consistently β1+, β4−, α2−. Four of nine RMS were completely negative for all other integrin subunits studied while one RMS was α5+ throughout and three RMS were focally α5+. Three RMS expressed the α6 and αv chains. In contrast to RMS, pPNET and ES, all of which were α1−, α3−, (G)NB were α3+ and frequently co-expressed α1. The eight pPNET and seven ES studied showed a similarily restricted integrin profile that was limited to the expression of β1 and α5 in nearly all cases. In summary, RMS were β1+, α1−, α3− and heterogeneously expressed α5 and α6. (G)NB were generally β1+, α1+, α3+, α5−, α6−. pPNET and ES were β1+, α1−, α3−, α5+, α6−. The data illustrate a complex expression pattern of various integrins in SRBCS, a differential expression pattern of some of the integrin subunits among different types of SRBCS and almost identical integrin profiles in pPNET and ES.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194694
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-microscopic study of phosphoprotein B-50 in myopathies (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Phosphoprotein B-50 (growth-associated protein GAP-43) ; N-CAM ; Vimentin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The growth-associated protein B-50, also termed GAP-43, is a membrane-bound phosphoprotein that is expressed in neurons. It is particularly abundant during periods of axonal outgrowth in development and regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this paper we study the expression of B-50 in inflammatory and dystrophic myopathies. To investigate the state of regeneration, N-CAM and vimentin serial sections were performed, because N-CAM and cytoskeletal protein vimentin are excellent markers for regenerating muscle. Light-microscopic evaluation showed that muscle fiber regeneration in myopathies corresponds closely to B-50 immunoreactivity in satellite cells, myoblasts, myotubes and small regenerating myocytes in cytoplasmatic distribution. In normal muscle and in biopsies of neurogenic muscular atrophy, however, no light-microscopically demonstrable B-50 staining was found. B-50 in muscles apparently plays a role in the growth morphology of regenerating myocytes, and the phosphoprotein B-50 can no longer be regarded as a neuron-specific molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194700
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential changes in human Ito cells and their relation to postnecrotic liver fibrosis in massive and submassive hepatic necrosis (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ito cell ; Fulminant hepatitis ; Postnecrotic fibrosis ; α-Smooth muscle actin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine the relationship of Ito cells to postnecrotic liver fibrosis, liver specimens, obtained at autopsy from 17 patients with acute massive necrosis (AMN) and acute submassive hepatic necrosis (ASMN), were examined immunohistochemically. In normal adult livers, Ito cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin isoform (ASMA) were rarely seen, scattered along hepatic sinusoids. In contrast, in AMN the Ito cells in necrotic areas became strongly positive for ASMA. They were swollen with elongated cytoplasmic processes along collapsed sinusoidal walls. Around these ASMA-positive Ito cells, there were numerous infiltrated macrophages and lymphocytes present. There was no significant alteration of fibroblasts in the portal tracts. In the middle and late stages of ASMN, the spindle-shaped ASMA-positive Ito cells formed a continuous cellular network. New fibre formation was predominantly around them. In this immediate postnecrotic fibrosis, ASMA-positive stromal cells of Ito cell origin were distributed irregularly and were closely associated with reticulin and newly-formed collagen fibres. Regenerative nodules were surrounded by dense layers of ASMA-positive stromal cells. Throughout the stages of ASMN, portal fibroblasts remained negative for ASMA. We believe that Ito cells in necrotic areas show myofibroblastic transformation and play a central role in the postnecrotic liver fibrosis. Portal fibroblasts play no significant part in this type of fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194703
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P450 2E1 in human pulmonary carcinoma and normal bronchial tissue (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: CYP2E1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pulmonary carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a major xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme but data concerning its extrahepatic expression are few. CYP2E1 can metabolically activate many procarcinogens and therefore its presence in the lung might play a role in bioactivation of procarcinogens, so we studied the expression and localization of CYP2E1 in primary pulmonary carcinomas and surrounding normal bronchial tissue from 28 patients. Seromucous glands showed expression of CYP2E1 in 19 and bronchial epithelium in 18 of the 28 samples of normal bronchial tissue. Thirteen of the corresponding cases of primary pulmonary carcinoma showed staining for CYP2E1. In 11 of these 13 cases, CYP2E1 was also present in normal bronchial tissue. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of CYP2E1 between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. No association was observed between the expression of CYP2E1 in tumour tissue and normal bronchial tissue. However, there was a significant correlation between the expression of CYP2E1 in seromucous glands and bronchial epithelium (r=0.61, P〈0.01) of normal tissue. We conclude that CYP2E1 can be present in both normal and neoplastic bronchial tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191361
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokeratin expression in non-neoplastic oesophageal epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cytokeratins ; Oesophageal carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of cytokeratins (CK) 19, 8, 18, 13, 10 and 7 was examined in 35 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus (10 well-differentiated, 13 moderately-differentiated, and 12 poorly-differentiated) and the adjacent mucosa by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections. The study was undertaken to assess the pattern of expression of these keratins in oesophageal tumours and its relation to the degree of differentiation. The normal oesophageal epithelia expressed CK19 in 86%, CK18 in 17% and CK13 in 14% of cases. CK8, CK10 and CK7 immunoreactivity was not observed. The tumours expressed CK19 in 86%, CK8 in 46%, CK18 in 97%, CK13 in 83%, CK10 in 34% and CK7 in 29% of cases. Thus, the so-called simple epithelial markers CK18 and CK19 occurred in the majority of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas. CK13 (the so-called non-keratinizing squamous epithelial marker) was only infrequently demonstrated in the non-neoplastic oesophageal mucosa, and its expression was more frequent in carcinomas. CK10 was not demonstrated in non-neoplastic mucosa, but was mostly associated with well-differentiated carcinomas. We therefore conclude that the pattern of expression of cytokeratins in oesophageal carcinomas is different from that in normal oesophageal epithelia and varies with differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191342
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of nm23 gene product in human gallbladder carcinomas (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Nm23/NDP kinase ; Gallbladder carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of nm23, the product of a candidate suppressor gene for tumour metastasis, was examined immunohistochemically in human gallbladder carcinomas and compared with clinicopathological features. Seventy-eight (72%) of 107 carcinomas expressed nm23 protein regardless of histological type, while non-neoplastic mucosa occasionally showed very weak immunoreactivity to nm23. No obvious correlation was observed between nm23 protein expression and depth of tumour invasion or tumour stage. The expression of nm23 protein was detected in 60% and 74% of the cases with and without lymph node metastasis, respectively, indicating no relationship to metastatic ability. Fifty-eight percent of the cases showed reduction of nm23 immunoreactivity in tumour cells invading the stroma at the border of tumour cell nests compared with cells at the centre of the tumour. Only 7% of the cases showed increased nm23 expression in tumour cells at the border. These results suggest that in gallbladder carcinoma decreased expression of nm23 may not have implications for metastasis but may play a part in local invasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191344
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunophenotypic features of uterine stromal cells (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Endocervix ; Uterine stromal tissues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD34 is a myeloid progenitor cell antigen present in endothelial cells and some other mesenchymal cells, including perivascular and periadnexal dermal fibroblasts. It was evaluated immunohistochemically in uterine stromal tissue and in 4 aggressive angiomyxomas and 6 endometrial stromal sarcomas with potentially related and similar stromal tissues. The stromal cells in normal endocervix and endocervical polyps were strongly CD34 positive irrespective of the cycle phase, and negative for muscle actins. Ectocervical stroma was variably but generally less CD34 reactive. In the endometrium, the CD34 reactivity was limited to the stromal cells of the basal endometrium and was found only in 4 of 20 from proliferative endometria and 1 of 8 from secretory endometria. The uterine cervical and myometrial smooth muscle tissues showed CD34 positive cells only between the muscle bundles and around the vessels. In pelvic aggressive angiomyxomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas the tumour cells were CD34 negative and only the vascular endothelial cells were positive. Endothelial cell-specific antigen, CD31, was identified only in endothelial cells and was not present in the endocervical stroma. These results illustrate the particular immunohistochemical profile of endocervical stromal tissue, namely the strong CD34 expression. The CD34 reactivity of the endocervical tissues should be noted and not confused with neoplasms known to be strongly CD34 positive, such as angiosarcomas, Kaposi's sarcomas and some other spindle cell sarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193168
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive liver failure in a patient with adult Niemann-Pick disease associated with generalized AL amyloidosis (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 635-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adult Niemann-Pick disease ; Generalized AL-amyloidosis ; Progressive liver failure ; Fibroblast culture ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case in which an adult form of Niemann-Pick disease (type B of NPD) was associated with a rapidly progressive generalized AL amyloidosis of kappa type. Both diagnosis were made by biopsy, the NPD by bone marrow biopsy and fibroblast culture, the amyloidosis by liver biopsy. Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma was not found. The patient, a 67-year-old woman, died from hepatic coma subsequent to a progressive liver failure. We discuss possible relations between the lysosomal storage disease and the development and rapid progression of amyloidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192120
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic evaluation of oestrogen-regulated protein immunoreactivity in ductal invasive (NOS) breast cancer (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cathepsin D ; pS2 ; Heat shock protein 27 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Determination of steroid receptors and several oestrogen-regulated proteins in mammary carcinomas is useful in the prediction of their evolution and of the likely success of endocrine therapy. Cathepsin D (Cat D), pS2 peptide and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp 27) were detected immunohistochemically in 63 infiltrating ductal (NOS) breast carcinomas, and our results were qualitatively correlated with several clinicopathological indicators and patients' overall survival. Cat D immunostaining of tumour cells was strongly associated with axillary nodal involvement (P f=0.0005) and so, it is directly connected with the metastatic capacity of malignant cells. pS2 immunoreactivity was correlated with oestrogen and progesterone receptor positivity (P f=0.0009 and P f=0.05 respectively) and, nonsignificantly, with good differentiation of the tumours (P f=0.06). Neoplastic cells expressing this protein are therefore characterised by a highly organised state of cellular physiology. Hsp 27 was expressed predominantly in tumours with one to four infiltrated lymph nodes (P t=0.05), and Hsp 27-positive patients were inclined to rather short survival, possibly due to chemotherapy resistance. In future, prognostic estimation of each one of the examined markers should be performed in specific large subgroups of patients. The findings of this study contribute to the establishment of criteria by which these subgroups should be formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203735
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric adenoma — carcinoma sequence with special reference to p53 and Ki-ras gene alterations (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Ki-ras ; Gastric carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With the aim of detecting the timing of p53 and Ki-ras gene alterations in the gastric adenoma-carcinoma sequence, 19 early gastric adenocarcinomas arising from adenomas were studied. Immunohistochemically, 5 adenocarcinomas were positive for p53; 3 focally and 2 diffusely. The p53 point mutations were detected in a focal area with p53 immunoreactivity in 2 of the 5 p53-positive adenocarcinomas. This indicated that p53 point mutations may play a less crucial part in malignant conversion of adenoma to adenocarcinoma in the stomach than in the colon. No Ki-ras gene mutations at codons 12 and 13 were detected in any lesion. These results suggest that the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the stomach has a different mechanism from that in the colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196515
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octopaminergic neurons in the locust brain: morphological, biochemical and electrophysiological characterisation of potential modulators of the visual system (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 611-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cobalt staining ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect ; Neuromodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The two Protocerebral-Medulla 4 neurons (PM4a and b) in the locust brain have adjacent cell bodies in the medial deutocerebrum. They project through the posterior protocerebrum, forming limited arborisations en route, and enter the lobula and medulla of the ipsilateral optic lobe, where they form extensive, overlapping arborisations. The PM4a and b neurons are octopamine immunoreactive. Their octopamine content (approximately 25 pg per cell) is confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; each cell contains approximately 25 pg p-octopamine. Simultaneous intracellular recording from exposed PM4a and b cell bodies reveals that the two cells are physiologically indistinguishable. They receive multimodal sensory inputs. Tactile/mechanosensory stimuli to much of the animal's body and head, acoustic stimuli, and simple visual stimuli all give rise to e.p.s.p.s and action potentials in the PM4 cell body. Simultaneous recording from the cell body in the deutocerebrum and the axon in the lobula demonstrates that action potentials are predominantly initiated in the deutocerebrum and propagate centrifugally, towards the optic lobe. Occasionally, bright light flashes will initiate an action potential in the axon in the optic stalk, which probably propagates bidirectionally: centripetally to the cell body, and centrifugally into the optic lobe. The extensive arborisations in the lobula and medulla are therefore likely to be sites of octopamine release. Because PM4 neurons are octopaminergic, project to the optic lobe, and receive modalities of sensory input known to dishabituate the Descending Contralateral Movement Detector (DCMD) visual interneuron, it is proposed that PM4 neurons are neuromodulatory — mediating dishabituation or arousal of the visual system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207190
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression of placental-type glutathione S-tranferase (GST-π) in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and normal human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1995), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Placental-type glutathione S-transferase ; Human skin ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Northern blotting ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of human placental-type glutathione S-transferase (GST-π) was investigated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and normal skin using Northern blot and immunohistochemical analysis. In Northern blot examination, the expression of GST-π transcript was recognized in all instances, and SCC showed a significantly higher expression of GST-π than normal skin. In immunohistochemical examination, GST-π was stained well in the cytoplasm of all cells of the stratum granulosum, many cells of the stratum spinosum and a few cells of the stratum basale in normal skin. Some cells of the stratum spinosum and almost all cells of the stratum basale showed only a weakly positive or almost negative reaction for GST-π. No nuclear staining of GST-π was obvious in normal epidermal cells. In SCC, many cells showed strong positivity for GST-π in the cytoplasm, and some were obviously accompanied by nuclear staining of GST-π. These findings suggest that GST-π exists mainly in many cells in the upper layers of the normal epidermis and that GST-π is involved in the process of carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199348
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the glycolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in testicular carcinoma in situ (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Testicular neoplasms ; Testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) ; Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the cell membrane glycolipid composition and metabolism are frequently associated with carcinogenesis. The accumulation of globo-series glycolipids is the most notable change of the germ cell glycolipid composition observed in testicular tumours. In this study, the expression of the globo-series core-structure, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) was investigated in the preinvasive stage of testicular germ cell tumours, carcinoma in situ (CIS). Seventeen tissue specimens with CIS and 12 samples of overt testicular tumours were immunostained with anti-Gb3 monoclonal antibody 38-13. The accumulation of Gb3 was detected in 12 CIS samples (70.6%) and in 8 invasive tumour samples (66.7%), including seminoma, non-seminoma and a combined germ cell tumour. Our findings indicate that the composition of glycolipids shift at the common preinvasive stage of testicular germ cell tumours and confirm that Gb3 is a tumour-associated antigen of testicular germ cell neoplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191346
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency and spectrum of p53 mutations in gastric cancer — a molecular genetic and immunohistochemical study (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; p53 tumour-suppressor gene ; Mutation spectrum ; Dietary mutagens ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The p53 tumour-suppressor gene plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. In an analysis of the spectrum of mutations of the p53 gene seen in 56 primary gastric carcinomas of various types and grades of differentiation, the entire coding sequence (exons 2–11) of the p53 gene was screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct genomic sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Intragenic restriction site polymorphisms and the probe YNZ22 were used for the detection of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the p53 gene locus on chromosome 17p. p53 overexpression was studied with the anti-p53 antibody CM-1. A total of 21 somatic alterations of the p53 gene were found. Twenty were base-pair substitutions, and one was an eight base-pair deletion. Six tumours with p53 mutations revealed LOH. Abnormalities in p53 expression were found in 17 tumour samples, of which 16 had gene mutations. The spectrum of mutations observed was consistent with the predicted spectrum for dietary mutagens associated with the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds, resulting in deamination of nucleic acids. Our findings suggest that p53 could be a primary target for mutations associated with dietary carcinogens in gastric carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193167
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myolipoma of the round ligament: report of a case with a review of the English literature (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 455-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myolipoma ; Soft tissue ; Round ligament ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tumours consisting of a mixture of mature adipose and smooth muscle tissues, including those designated lipoleiomyomas, fibrolipoleiomyomas and myolipomas, are exceedingly rare, but most often occur in the uterine corpus. We describe here a case of such a tumour arising in the right round ligament of a 44-year-old woman. The tumour, which measured approximately 20×15×10 cm, was well encapsulated and did not involve the intrapelvic organs. Intricate mixtures of adult adipose tissue and bland smooth muscle exhibited no cellular atypia or nuclear mitotic figures, and there was little vascular proliferation. We diagnosed the lesion as a myolipoma of soft tissue with dual differentiation, and have found only 13 cases of this tumour including our own in the English literature. The present tumour is the first reported in the round ligament. Although this tumour is rare, its recognition is important for the avoidance of erroneous diagnoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199397
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical features of the human retina and retinoblastoma (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Retinoblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rb protein ; p53
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The immunohistochemical features of 24 retinoblastoma specimens from 22 patients, 15 with unilateral and 7 with bilateral disease, were examined by the labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method and compared with those of specimens from the remaining morphologically normal retina. In the normal retina, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin were detected in astrocytes and/or Müller cells. Neurofilament protein was seen in axons of the ganglion cells, synaptophysin was present in both plexiform layers, bcl-2 oncoprotein was seen in ganglion cells and bipolar cells, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was detected in ganglion cells, bipolar cells and photoreceptor cells and in their cell processes. While retinoblastoma (Rb) protein expression was noted in ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and some photoreceptor cells, p53 protein was not expressed at all. In all retinoblastomas, strong NSE expression and weak bcl-2 expression was observed in almost all tumour cells and synaptophysin was localized in rosette-forming cells, while tumour cells were devoid of S-100, GFAP, vimentin and neurofilament protein. These findings support the view that retinoblastomas are composed of neuron-committed cells. In addition, no Rb protein expression was detected in retinoblastomas, whereas p53 expression was found in 18 cases (75%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192111
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localisation of stem cell factor (SCF) with comparison of its receptor c-Kit proto-oncogene product (c-KIT) in melanocytic tumours (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: c-KIT ; Immunohistochemistry ; Malignant transformation ; Melanocyte ; SCF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to characterise the distribution and role of stem cell factor (SCF), a recently-reported growth factor for normal melanocytes, we carried out an immunohistochemical study on benign and malignant melanocytic tumours with a comparison with the presence of its receptor c-Kit proto-oncogene product (c-KIT). In normal skin, SCF was mainly observed in endothelial cells of blood vessels but not frequently in basal melanocytes, whereas c-KIT was predominantly localised in tissue mast cells. In benign neoplastic melanocytes (common melanocytic naevi), localisation of SCF and c-KIT was complementary: SCF was mostly found in dermal naevus cells while c-KIT was revealed in epidermal naevus cells, although the expression of the latter antigen was not frequent. Malignant melanoma cells showed less frequent expression of these antigens than those in benign lesions. Of five cultured melanoma cell lines, SCF was observed in only one, and c-KIT was not found in any melanoma cells. No quantitative or qualitative alterations assessed by Western blot analysis were induced in the presence of phenotypic modifiers (sodium butyrate and HMBA). Present data suggest that loss of SCF expression in neoplastic melanocytes is commonly associated with malignant transformation of pigment cells rather than loss of its receptor c-KIT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203396
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection of nm23/NDP kinase and cathepsin D in medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; nm23/NDP kinase ; Cathepsin D ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reduced expression of nm23/NDP kinase and increased expression of cathepsin D seem to be correlated with the high metastatic potential in a variety of malignancies. The expression of nm23/NDP kinase and that of cathepsin D have been evaluated by means of an immunohistochemical technique in paraffin-embedded tissues from 44 primary medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland (MCT) and from the corresponding lymph node metastases in 32 of these cases. In addition, lymph node metastases from 4 cases were studied. We found that 36 of 44 (82%) primary and 26 of 36 (72%) lymph node metastatic MCT were nm23/NDP kinase positive, whereas 14 of the 44 (32%) primary and 17 of the 36 (47%) lymph node metastatic MCT were cathepsin D positive. We found no indication that the nm23/NDP kinase level has any prognostic significance in MCT. The cathepsin D level is close to being prognostically significant in this study, and we cannot exclude the possibility that it could be of prognostic value. However, it seems to be quite weak, and therefore of little use in a clinical situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203397
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of proliferation parameters in in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelled lung cancers (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bromodeoxyuridine ; Flow cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki67 antigen ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a series of 44 bronchial biopsies from patients suspected of having endobronchial lung carcinoma, the validity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 antigen as proliferative indicators was evaluated in ethanol fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. The percentages of cells positive for these markers were compared to the in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling index. A good correlation was found between PCNA immunoreactivity and BrdU labelling index, while Ki67-antigen expression showed a significant relation with BrdU labelling index and with PCNA expression. All three parameters showed a trend towards similar values for the individual cases. Based on the fact that Ki67 antigen is expressed in all cycling cells, whereas replicon-associated PCNA and BrdU only reflect the S-phase fraction, the differences between Ki67-antigen scores on the one hand and BrdU and PCNA scores on the other were smaller than expected. In order to determine the degree of concordance between immunohistochemically and flow cytometrically detected proliferation variables, BrdU incorporation was measured using both methods in duplicate bronchial specimens. Discrepancies in labelling indices were observed predominantly in DNA diploid samples, with consistently lower values in the flow cytometrically analysed specimens. In tumour specimens with an aneuploid DNA content, flow cytometric determination of proliferative activity yielded results similar to those obtained by tissue section examination. We conclude that the scores for PCNA and Ki67 antigen, immunohistochemically detected in ethanol fixed, paraffin embedded tissue reflect functional proliferative activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203398
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein and 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) expression in ovarian carcinomas (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1995), S. 603-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ovarian carcinoma ; p53 ; Sex steroid receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Heat shock protein 72
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mutations of the tumour suppressor p53 gene have been reported in a variety of human malignant tumours, and are frequently associated with overexpression of p53 protein. To examine the significance of p53 gene alteration in malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary, we studied the immunohistochemical reactivity with a monoclonal antibody against p53 (PAb 1801) in 6 ovarian tumours of low malignant potential (LMP) and 32 ovarian carcinomas. The existence of any correlation of p53 overexpression with the clinicopathological features and with the immunohistochemical expression of 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) and sex steroid receptors (oestrogen receptors; ER, progesterone receptors; PR) was also analysed. Expression of p53 was found in 2 of the 6 (33.3%) LMP tumours and in 15 of the 32 (46.9%) carcinomas. Strong expression of HSP72 was observed in 11 of the 17 (64.7%) p53-positive tumours, but only in 2 of the 21 (9.5%) p53-negative ones. Histologically, p53-positivity was observed in 7 of the 10 (70%) serous carcinomas, 4 of the 6 (66.7%) mucinous, 4 of the 10 (40%) endometrioid, and none of the 4 clear cell and 2 transitional cell carcinomas. Distribution of p53-positive cells in the tumour sections was homogenous in serous tumours, but heterogenous in mucinous lesions. All of the 4 carcinomas arising in endometriotic cysts were p53-negative. These differences support the thesis of heterogeneity in ovarian carcinogenesis. There was an inverse relationship between p53-positivity and sex steroid receptor status for ovarian carcinomas; 14 of the 15 p53-positive carcinomas were negative for both ER and PR, whereas 11 of the 17 p53-negative carcinomas were positive for ER and/or PR (P〈0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199350
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical distribution of chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chromogranin A ; Chromogranin B ; Secretogranin II ; Secretoneurin ; Neuroendocrine tumours ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate immunohistochemically the distribution of chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and secretogranin II in a series of 152 neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Tumour tissues from 25 argyrophil gastric carcinoids, 18 gastrin and 5 somatostatin-producing tumours, 4 ‘gangliocytic paragangliomas’, 49 classical argentaffin and 2 L cell appendiceal carcinoids, 27 classical ileal carcinoids, 17 rectal carcinoids, and 5 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumours of the stomach and rectum were immunostained with antibodies against chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and secretogranin II. Chromogranin A was the major granin expressed in gastric carcinoids and in serotonin-producing carcinoids of the appendix and the ileum. In contrast, strong chromogranin B and secretogranin II immunoreactivity was found in rectal carcinoids, in which chromogranin A was rarely expressed. Since chromogranin A is a widely used marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, it is of diagnostic importance that some gastrin-producing tumours, ‘gangliocytic paragangliomas’, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and appendiceal L cell carcinoids completely lacked chromogranin A positivity. It is concluded that the various neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract show distinctly different patterns of granin expression, probably reflecting their histogenetical origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191345
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Von Hippel-Lindau disease presenting as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Von Hippel-Lindau disease ; Neuroendocrine tumour ; Electron microscopy ; Flow cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 21-year-old woman with a family history of von Hippel-Lindau disease presented with a mass in the head of the pancreas. Light microscopic features of the tumour suggested neuroendocrine differentiation and although it displayed positive immunostaining for the antigens expected in a neuroendocrine neoplasm, S-100 staining was also present. This unusual feature prompted further evaluation by routine and post-embedding protein-A gold immunoelectron microscopy, which demonstrated the presence of neuroendocrine granules. Tumour cell DNA content was normal by flow cytometry. Although this patient exhibited no other signs of von Hippel-Lindau disease, the presence of a pancreatic tumour with neuroendocrine differentiation demonstrated that she was affected. Future surveillance and genetic counselling will be influenced by this diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193177
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  • 36
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    Elevated content of p53 protein in the absence of p53 gene mutations as a possible prognostic marker for human renal cell tumors (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 563-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Kidney tumours ; Tumour suppressor gene ; Immunohistochemistry ; SSCP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract P53 tumour suppressor gene expression was estimated immunohistochemically using DO-1 monoclonal antibody (recognising both wild-type and mutant p53) in 88 human renal tumours. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of possible mutations within exons 4–8 of the p53 gene was performed in 29 of the tumours (mostly immunostaining-positive cases). Obviously elevated p53 content was detected with DO-1 antibody in chromophobic cell carcinomas and most clear/chromophilic cell tumours (in chromophilic cell populations). In contrast, clear cell carcinomas demonstrated either complete absence of p53 expression or the presence of single immunopositive nuclei. Oncocytomas were completely negative. Additional immunostaining of the positive samples with mutant p53-specific Pab240 monoclonal antibody failed to detect immunopositive material. No p53 mutation was found in any of the samples analysed by SSCP. Our results suggest that the elevated p53 content in human renal cell carcinomas does not result from gene mutation and that p53 gene alterations are probably not an important mechanism in the development of human renal cell carcinomas. Accumulation of the wild-type p53 protein may be a useful prognostic marker indicating neoplastic progression and malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192110
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Expression of GM-CSF receptor by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis cells (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Langerhans cell ; Histiocytosis ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; GM-CSF receptor ; CDw116
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by the proliferation of large mononucleated cells containing Birbeck granules and expressing CD1a. Recent studies have demonstrated that LCH is a clonal proliferation; however, its aetiology is still unknown. Growth and differentiation of bone-marrow-derived cells are controlled by cytokines. The proliferation, differentiation and activation of normal Langerhans cells are controlled by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro. Therefore, GM-CSF could be implicated in the pathogenesis of LCH. Indeed, LCH cells contain GM-CSF, and children with disseminated LCH have an elevated GM-CSF serum level. As a cytokine only acts on cells expressing a specific receptor, we investigated the presence of GM-CSF receptor on LCH cells. Fourteen frozen tissue samples from children with LCH were studied by in situ immunohistochemistry with two mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for the α chain of the GM-CSF receptor (CDw116). LCH cells of all the samples were positively stained with both antibodies. This study suggests that GM-CSF may be a growth factor for LCH cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196516
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The clinical significance of p53 aberrations in human tumours (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 229-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract p53 aberrations are the most common genetic alteration found in human tumours and this review summarizes the current understanding of the clinical significance of p53 abnormalities. Immunohistochemical and molecular techniques can demonstrate alterations at the protein and gene level, respectively, but with a significant discordance between the findings of either technique. The tumours evaluated in this review include cancers of the breast, lung, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and others. In most cases, only data on p53 protein are available and in each of these tumour types discrepant conclusions on the clinical value of p53 abnormalities as prognostic indicators have been reached. The role of p53 in the context of anticancer adjuvant therapy has also been analysed. Experimental data suggest that p53 affects the apoptotic response to anticancer agents, but this has not yet been proven in a clinical series where this demonstration and its effect on therapy could represent one of the most important endpoints in p53 clinical research. The use of standardized techniques to evaluate p53 gene mutation and protein accumulation within controlled clinical series of patients entering prospective trials is essential to answer the many remaining questions on the clinical significance of p53 aberrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203389
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved detection of medically important fungi by immunoperoxidase staining with polyclonal antibodies (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Indirect immunoperoxidase staining ; Tissue section ; Fungi ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polyclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was performed to identify pathological fungi of eight species [Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium anthophilum, Rhizopus oryzae, Sporothrix schenckii and Trichosporon beigelii] in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Mature albino rabbits were immunized with formalin-killed organisms. Antibodies were prepared by precipitation. Immunoperoxidase staining was applied to the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of experimentally infected mice and human autopsy and surgical specimens. Although the cell walls of each fungus stained clearly, many cross-reactivities appeared. However, it was possible to obtain specificity for the eight species by absorption and dilution of the antisera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199390
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meningioangiomatosis: advanced imaging and pathological study of two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Meningioangioma-tosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Malignant meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare benign intracranial tumour of uncertain pathogenesis, with only 33 cases reported in the literature. Imaging features have been described in 21 cases, only 3 with contrast-enhanced MRI. We present two cases of MA with MRI and/or CT findings and gross, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics. MRI is particularly helpful for establishing the origin of the lesion and its anatomical location, while CT shows calcification, if present. The pathological characteristics establish the diagnosis and underline the differences from other entities such as malignant meningioma, one of the most important differential diagnostic considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588625
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superficial siderosis in the central nervous system (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Central nervous sys- ; tem ; Siderosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare entity, superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, due to multiple small episodes of subarachnoid haemorrhage from any source. Nonspecific neurological findings are associated with deposition of iron-containing pigments in the leptomeninges and superficial layers of the cortex. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates characteristic low signal in the meninges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588627
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of corpus callosum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shown by MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 287-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus callosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormal high signal in the corticospinal tracts on MRI has been described in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We report a case with further high signal in fibres of the corpus callosum on proton density and T2-weighted spin-echo images, closely matching findings of earlier pathological reports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588334
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the corpus callosum and cerebellum: gadolinium-enhanced MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Histiocytosis ; Langerhans cell ; Brain diseases ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic disorder consisting of abnormal histiocyte proliferation, in the form of focal deposits. Central nervous system involvement is most common in the hypothalamus, although other sites have been described, such as the cerebellum and the meninges. We present a case with presumed involvement of the corpus callosum and cerebellum, demonstrating gadolinium enhancement on MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588335
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Angiographically occult malformation ; Spinal arteriovenous malformation ; Cavernous malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed 11 cases of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (IMCH) studied by MRI, to assess its diagnostic value in these lesions. Follow-up MRI was obtained in five patients 7 days-2 years following the initial study. In one case a postoperative examination was obtained. The diagnosis was pathologically proven in ten cases, and supported in the last by a family and personal history of cavernous haemangiomas. A reticulate appearance with areas of mixed signal intensity in both T1-and T2-weighted images was the most common finding. Homogeneous high, low or intermediate signal intensity was each found in one case, Two small lesions gave low signal. A rim of low signal was less common than in cerebral cavernous haemangiomas. In one case, the brain showed more than 20 lesions with the MRI appearances of cavernous haemangiomas. In two of five patients, serial preoperative MRI showed progressive disappearance of high-signal areas on both T1-and T2-weighted images. To find a haemorrhagic intramedullary lesion on MRI is not rare. Although the appearances are not pathognomonic, an IMCH can be suggested. We suggest that the following characteristics may help: (1) a personal and/or family history of cavernous haemangiomas; (2) typical MRI appearances of mixed acute, subacute and chronic haemorrhage; (3) a tendency for signal intensity to decrease on follow-up; (4) normal spinal angiography; and (5) associated brain lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588339
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface anatomy scanning (SAS) in intracranial tumours: comparison with surgical findings (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 94-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Surface anatomy scanning ; Brain tumours ; Cortical veins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the usefulness of surface anatomy scanning (SAS) in intracranial tumours, comparing it with surgical findings. We examined 31 patients with brain tumours preoperatively. The tumours included 16 meningiomas, 8 gliomas, 4 metastases and 3 others. SAS clearly demonstrated the tumours, allowing them to be distinguished from the structures of the brain surface, including oedema, except in cases of metastasis. SAS clearly demonstrated large cortical veins. SAS is useful for three-dimensional delineation of the brain surface before surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588620
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the corpus callosum and cerebellum: gadolinium-enhanced MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Histiocytosis ; Langerhans cell ; Brain diseases ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic disorder consisting of abnormal histiocyte proliferation, in the form of focal deposits. Central nervous system involvement is most common in the hypothalamus, although other sites have been described, such as the cerebellum and the meninges. We present a case with presumed involvement of the corpus callosum and cerebellum, demonstrating gadolinium enhancement on MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588335
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of spinal epidural lymphoma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; neoplasm ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the MRI features in eight patients with spinal epidural lymphoma (clinically primary in 4 patients); one patient had multiple lesions. The cervical spine was involved in one patient, the thoracolumbar spine in 5 and the sacrum in two. Mean longitudinal extension of the epidural lesion was 2.6 vertebral segments. The tumours were homogeneously isointense with the spinal cord on T1-weighted images and isointense or hyperintense on proton-density and T2-weighted images. The spinal cord was compressed in four patients but showed signal changes in only one. In five patients the lesions communicated through the intervertebral foramina with paravertebral soft tissue masses. In all but one of the patients diffuse signal changes in the vertebral body marrow consistent with osteolytic or osteoblastic changes were identified adjacent to or at distance from the epidural lesion. Vertebral collapse was observed in two patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588341
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ependymomas of the posterior cranial fossa: CT and MRI findings (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Ependymoma ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Children ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Brain tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied nine children with posterior cranial fossa ependymomas to identify specific neuroradiological features. Patients were studied preoperatively with CT and MRI; T1-, T2- and proton-density (PD)-weighted images were obtained. All children underwent surgery and a definite histopathological diagnosis was made. All the tumours grew into the fourth ventricle and caused dilatation of its upper part, which resembled a cap. All but one were separated from the vermis by a cleavage plane. In eight cases there was desmoplastic development through the foramina of the fourth ventricle, and five were heterogeneous due to necrosis and cystic change; one had a haemorrhagic area. In most cases the solid portion was isointense with grey matter on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on PD weighting, and isointense on T2-weighted images. On CT the tumour was isodense in six cases and calcification was detected in four. The presence of both desmoplastic development and a tumour/vermis cleavage plane in a posterior cranial fossa tumour isodense on CT is highly suggestive of ependymoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578265
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic enhancement MRI of anterior lobe in pituitary dwarfism (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 486-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dynamic contrast enhancement ; Pituitary dwarfism ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 23 patients with pituitary dwarfism by dynamic MRI; with a repetition time of 150 or 50 ms. The time-enhancement difference curves of selected regions in the anterior lobes were plotted. Another 48 patients with no definite clinical pituitary disfunction were examined with the same technique. We found that the intensity of maximum enhancement in both groups was similar, but the time to achieve maximum enhancement was delayed in pituitary dwarfism with or without stalk transection; the time seemed longest with stalk transection. There was little difference in enhancement between patients with multiple hormone deficiency or isolated growth hormone deficiency. Dynamic MRI of the anterior lobes may be an important functional imaging study, and our results imply that poor perfusion is a useful finding in pituitary dwarfism, especially in patients without stalk transection and normal pituitary height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600102
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status epilepticus presenting as progressive dysphasia (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 438-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Progressive dysphasia ; Status epilepticus ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Status epilepticus is usually a straightforward diagnosis when a patient has two or more seizures without regaining consciousness. However, when status is nonconvulsive and, in particular, has a temporal lobe flavour the clinical presentation may be misleading. Presentation with automatic or psychic behaviour is well recorded. We report a patient with nonconvulsive status who presented with progressive dysphasia with widespread CT and MRI changes. The dysphasia and imaging changes led to a diagnosis of a probable neoplastic brain process but reversed with anticonvulsant treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600083
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance tomographic angiography: diagnostic value in trigeminal neuralgia (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 353-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Trigeminal neuralgia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; MR tomographic angiography ; Vascular compression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A combination of MRI, MR angiography and MR tomographic angiography (MRTA) was used to study the relationship to the root exit zone of the trigeminal nerve to surrounding vascular structures in seven patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and ten patients with no evidence at a lesion in this region. MRTA is the technique for showing the relationship between vessels, cranial nerves and brain stem. MRTA clearly demonstrated the presence of a vessel at the root exit zone of the trigeminal nerve in all patients with TN. In the ten other patients, examination of 20 trigeminal nerves revealed that only one nerve (5%) was in contact with a vessel at the root exit zone. This study supports vascular compression of trigeminal nerves as a cause of TN, and demonstrates the value of MRTA as noninvasive technique for demonstrating compression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588010
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial MRI changes in radiation myelopathy (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 374-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Myelopathy ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using MRI we assessed the changes in signal, size, and contrast enhancement characteristics of the cervical spinal cord in radiation myelopathy developing after radio-therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We studied two men and five women, aged 40–77 years. The first MRI study was performed 1–4 months after the initial clinical manifestations of myelopathy, and follow-up MRI 2–22 months after the onset of symptoms. On the first study, all patients showed low signal intensity in a long segment of the cervical spinal cord on T1-weighted images, high signal on T2*-weighted images, and focal contrast enhancement at C1-2. In five patients there was also swelling of the spinal cord. The site of eccentric focal contrast enhancement correlated with the clinical manifestations. Follow-up imaging less than 10 months after the onset of symptoms showed no significant changes in signal intensity. Focal contrast enhancement at C1–2 remained the same in three patients, was more dense and larger in one, and less dense in another. Subsidence of swelling was seen in two patients. Atrophy of the spinal cord at C1–2, without abnormal signal and with faint contrast enhancement at C1–2 was revealed as early as 10 months after the onset of symptoms, but the contrast enhancement disappeared by 22 months. There was no correlation between clinical manifestations and spinal cord atrophy on MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588016
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of brain compartments and head injury lesions by neural networks applied to MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 535-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Head injury ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An automatic, neural network-based approach was applied to segment normal brain compartments and lesions on MR images. Two supervised networks, backpropagation (BPN) and counterpropagation, and two unsupervised networks, Kohonen learning vector quantizer and analog adaptive resonance theory, were trained on registered T2-weighted and proton density images. The classes of interest were background, gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, macrocystic encephalomalacia, gliosis, and “unknown.” A comprehensive feature vector was chosen to discriminate these classes. The BPN combined with feature conditioning, multiple discriminant analysis followed by Hotelling transform, produced the most accurate and consistent classification results. Classifications of normal brain compartments were generally in agreement with expert interpretation of the images. Macrocystic encephalomalacia and gliosis were recognized and, except around the periphery, classified in agreement with the clinician's report used to train the neural network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593713
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of pachymeningeal enhancement following dural puncture and blood patch (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 557-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meninges ; Contrast enhancement ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe thickening and contrast enhancement of the intracranial pachymeninges, revealed by MRI in a patient with presumed low-pressure headache following dural puncture and a blood patch. The clinical and radiological abnormalities resolved within 2 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593719
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  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of white matter changes in the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 576-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Sjögren-Larsson syndrome ; Spastic diplegia ; Conduction aphasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with spastic diplegia and conduction aphasia. MRI demonstrated the white matter changes deep in the cerebral hemispheres. We analyse the MRI findings and compare the results with neuropsychological signs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593725
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  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood neuroborreliosis: clinicoradiological correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 578-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Lyme disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the cranial CT and MRI findings in three children with Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis). The neuroimaging findings in children have been rarely reported. We found cranial MRI far superior to cranial CT. Ring-enhancing lesions have been described in acute disseminating encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis but not in neuroborreliosis. Although orther infectious and inflammatory diseases cannot be excluded, Lyme disease should be included in the differential diagnosis and put forward as being the most likely diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting. Gadopentetate dimeglumine is helpful in assessing the response to antibiotic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593726
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  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential diagnosis of extra-axial intracranial tumours by dynamic spin-echo MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 522-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuroma ; Meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic MRI was performed on 22 patients with extra-axial intracranial tumours. Serial images were obtained every 30 s for 3 min using a spin-echo sequence (TR 200, TE 15 ms) after rapid injection of Gd-DTPA, 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. The contrast medium enhancement ratio (CER) was correlated with the histology of the tumours. Meningiomas and extra-axial metastases showed a sharp rise, then a gradual decline. Although both had a definite early peak of CER, metastases showed a more rapid decline. Neuromas and extra-axial lymphoma showed a slow, steady increase with no peak within 180 s. This study indicates that the CER is helpful in the differentiation of extra-axial tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593708
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  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of brain compartments and head injury lesions by neural networks applied to MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 535-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Head injury ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An automatic, neural network-based approach was applied to segment normal brain compartments and lesions on MR images. Two supervised networks, backpropagation (BPN) and counterpropagation, and two unsupervised networks, Kohonen learning vector quantizer and analog adaptive resonance theory, were trained on registered T2-weighted and proton density images. The classes of interest were background, gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, macrocystic encephalomalacia, gliosis, and “unknown.” A comprehensive feature vector was chosen to discriminate these classes. The BPN combined with feature conditioning, multiple discriminant analysis followed by Hotelling transform, produced the most accurate and consistent classification results. Classifications of normal brain compartments were generally in agreement with expert interpretation of the images. Macrocystic encephalomalacia and gliosis were recognized and, except around the periphery, classified in agreement with the clinician's report used to train the neural network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593713
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  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of white matter signal hyperintensity areas in elderly subjects (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 615-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words White matter signal changes ; Normal aging ; N-Acetylaspartate ; Ischemia ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract White matter signal hyperintensities (WMSH) are commonly seen on MRI of elderly subjects. The purpose of this study was to characterize metabolic changes in the white matter of elderly subjects with extensive WMSH. We used water-suppressed proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to compare six subjects with extensive WMSH with eight age-matched elderly subjects with minimal or absent WMSH, and phosphorus (31P) MRSI to compare nine subjects with extensive WMSH and seven age-matched elderly subjects without extensive WMSH. Relative to region-matched tissue in elderly controls, extensive WMSH were associated with increased signal from choline-containing metabolites, no significant change of signal from N-acetylaspartate, and a trend to a decreased phosphomonoester (PME) resonance. These findings suggest that WMSH may be associated with an alteration of brain myelin phospholipids in the absence of axonal damage. There were no differences in energy phosphates, consistent with lack of ongoing brain ischemia. Within the group with extensive WMSH, PME resonance measures were significantly lower in WMSH than in contralateral normal-appearing white matter. These results provide information on pathophysiology of WMSH and a basis for comparison with WMSH in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050164
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  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy: MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 649-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Carmofur ; 5-Fluorouracil ; Leukoencephalopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carmofur, a derivative of 5-fluorouracil, has recently been noted to have an infrequent but serious association with leukoencephalopathy. To our knowledge, there has been no report of early MRI findings in this leukoencephalopathy. We describe a case in which diffuse high signal intensity of the entire cerebral white matter, including the corpus callosum, was seen on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Although similar findings can be seen in many other diseases, carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy should be suspected in a patient treated with carmofur. It is important to know the clinical and MRI characteristics of this condition, for early diagnosis and better prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050170
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  • 61
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI of a pituitary cryptococcoma simulating an adenoma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 449-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary Cryptococcosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare pituitary cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient, with radiological features similar to those of a pituitary macroadenoma. Although unusual, it should be added to the list of differential diagnosis of pituitary masses. Contrast enhancement of adjacent meninges differentiated the lesion from an adenoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600089
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary leiomyosarcoma of the spine (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 465-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma, bone ; Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a 39-year-old man with tumour of the eighth thoracic vertebra, causing compression of the spinal cord. The tumour proved to be a primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of bone, an uncommon neoplasm; to our knowledge this is the first report of primary LMS in the spine. The lesion was documented by plain radiography, myelography, CT, MRI and digital subtraction angiography. These investigations did help to focus on the differential diagnosis and demonstrated the extent of the bony lesion, the findings were nonspecific, and the correct diagnosis was established by pathological examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600095
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  • 63
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI of idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome using fat saturation and Gd-DTPA (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 475-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome ; Orbital pseudotumour ; Fat saturation ; Gadolinium ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome encompasses a group of inflammatory conditions for which no systemic or local cause can be found, and is commonly referred to as orbital pseudotumour. On conventional MRI sequences subtle areas of inflammation or enhancing tissue can easily be masked by the high signal intensity of orbital fat and involvement of the fat itself may not be appreciated. We describe the MRI features of three patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation using frequency-selective fat saturation and Gd-DTPA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600098
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  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gliofibroma: CT and MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain neoplasms ; Gliofibroma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe CT and MRI appearances in two children with pathologically proven gliofibromas, in the cerebrum and cerebellum. A striking finding was lack of high signal on T2-weighted MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600101
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  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or ADEM-like inflammatory changes in a heart-lung transplant recipient: a case report (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 434-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ; Transplantation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; FK-506 ; Rabbit antithymocyte globulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a white matter inflammatory disease which usually follows a viral infection or pharmaceutical intervention. We describe a case of presumed ADEM in a heart/lung transplant patient, the etiology of which cannot be elucidated. The fascinating aspect is the mode of clinical presentation and the rapid resolution of radiologic abnormalities. Histologic examination of the brain is provided in an attempt to elucidate the radiographic abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600082
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  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symptomatic cervical spondylolysis (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 559-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cervical spine ; Spondylolysis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of cervical spondylolysis, unusual in that it was associated with spinal cord compression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593720
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  • 67
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    Leukoencephalopathy with swelling in children and adolescents: MRI patterns and differential diagnosis (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 679-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Leukoencephalopathy ; White matter swelling ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In children, several neurological disorders are characterised by spongiform leukoencephalopathy. MRI of the brain typically shows white matter swelling, but does not enable differentiation of the various underlying disorders. The aim of this article is optimisation of the diagnostic value of MRI in leukoencephalopathy accompanied by swelling. MRI-based inclusion criteria were met by 20 patients in our database. The images were analysed using a detailed scoring list. In 13 of the 20 patients the clinical diagnosis was known (11 definite and 2 probable diagnoses). Characteristic MRI abnormalities could be defined in these patients. Of the 7 patients without a diagnosis, 5 had identical MRI abnormalities: difuse hemisphere swelling and typical cysts in frontoparietal subcortical white matter and the tips of the temporal lobes. The clinical picture was also similar in these patients, suggesting a similar disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593394
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  • 68
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    Use of a neural network and a multiple regression model to predict histologic grade of astrocytoma from MRI appearances (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Neural network ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several MRI features of supratentorial astrocytomas are associated with high histologic grade by statistically significant p values. We sought to apply this information prospectively to a group of astrocytomas in the prediction of tumor grade. We used 10 MRI features of fibrillary astrocytomas from 52 patient studies to develop neural network and multiple linear regression models for practical use in predicting tumor grade. The models were tested prospectively on MR images from 29 patient studies. The performance of the models was compared against that of a radiologist. Neural network accuracy was 61% in distinguishing between low and high grade tumors. Multiple linear regression achieved an accuracy of 59%. Assessment of the images by a radiologist yielded 57% accuracy. We conclude that while certain MRI parameters may be statistically related to astrocytoma histologic grade, neural network and linear regression models cannot reliably use them to predict tumor grade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588619
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  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult medulloblastoma: review of 13 cases with emphasis on MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain neoplasm diagnosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medulloblastomas are generally associated with childhood, but 14–30% occur in adults, accounting for 1% of adult central nervous system tumors. While approximately one third of adult medulloblastomas present as vermian tumors similar to those seen in childhood, the majority differ substantially from the childhood variety. In this series of 13 patients, 5 had lateral, seemingly extra-axial masses in the cerebellopontine angle or at the tentorium, simulating meningiomas or acoustic neuromas, but angiographic hypovascularity in 2 of the latter suggested a diagnosis other than meningioma. Of 4 paramedian tumors, 3 diffusely infiltrated the cerebellar white matter, showed little or no gadolinium enhancement and were not associated with hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was present in less than half of our patients; in childhood the reported incidence is 85–100%. A possible association with pregancy was noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588622
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  • 70
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    Electronic Resource
    The corpus callosum in communicating and noncommunicating hydrocephalus (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 212-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Corpus callosum ; Hydrocephalus ; Dementia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate morphological changes in the corpus callosum in hydrocephalus and to correlate them with clinical findings we studied sagittal T2*-weighted cine MR images of 163 patients with hydrocephalus. The height, length and cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum were measured and related to the type of cerebrospinal fluid flow anomaly and to clinical features, especially dementia. With expansion of the lateral ventricles the corpus callosum showed mainly elevation of its body and, to a lesser degree, increase in length. Upward bowing was more pronounced in noncommunicating than in communicating hydrocephalus. Dorsal impingement on the corpus callosum by the free edge of the falx correlated with the height of the corpus callosum. Cross-sectional area did not correlate with either height, length or impingement; it was, however, the strongest anatomical discriminator between demented and nondemented patients. The area of the corpus callosum was significantly smaller in patients with white matter disease. Our findings suggest that, due to its plasticity, the corpus callosum can to some degree resist distortion in hydrocephalus. Dementia, although statistically related to atrophy of the corpus callosum, is possibly more directly related to white matter disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578260
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  • 71
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    Electronic Resource
    Ependymomas of the posterior cranial fossa: CT and MRI findings (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Ependymoma ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Children ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Brain tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied nine children with posterior cranial fossa ependymomas to identify specific neuroradiological features. Patients were studied preoperatively with CT and MRI; T1-, T2-and proton-density (PD)-weighted images were obtained. All children underwent surgery and a definite histopathological diagnosis was made. All the tumours grew into the fourth ventricle and caused dilatation of its upper part, which resembled a cap. All but one were separated from the vermis by a cleavage plane. In eight cases there was desmoplastic development through the foramina of the fourth ventricle, and five were heterogeneous due to necrosis and cystic change; one had a haemorrhagic area. In most cases the solid portion was isointense with grey matter on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on PD weighting, and isointense on T2-weighted images. On CT the tumour was isodense in six cases and calcification was detected in four. The presence of both desmoplastic development and a tumour/vermis cleavage plane in a posterior cranial fossa tumour isodense on CT is highly suggestive of ependymoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578265
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  • 72
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    Electronic Resource
    Baseline and follow-up MRI of the internal auditory canal after suboccipital resection of acoustic schwannoma: appearances and clinical correlations (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Internal auditory canal ; Acoustic schwannoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prospective baseline MRI was obtained on 31 patients who had “total” removal of acoustic schwannoma 6 months to 9 years previously. Follow-up MRI was performed after 1–2 years on patients with questionable abnormalities. We found four patterns (1) internal auditory canals (IAC) with nonenhancing soft-tissue strands, possibly scars or distorted residual nerves (8); (2) IAC with marginal enhancement-reactive dura mater (16); (3) IAC with contrast-enhancing globular tissues suggesting residual or recurrent tumour (5); (4) high-signal intensity in the IAC before contrast medium administration, probably related to graft with fat/fascia/muscle (2). Prospective 1-to 2-year follow-up studies were available in 8, 5, and 1 patients in groups 2, 3, and 4 respectively. In group 2, dural enhancement remained unchanged in 5 patients and decreased in 3. In group 3 follow-up showed 1 tumor recurrence (surgically confirmed) and 4 stable abnormalities. In group 4, follow-up in 1 of the 2 patients was stable. In groups 1 and 2, the MRI features correlate well with complete tumor removal. Whether follow-up in these groups is indicated needs to be determined. In group 3 residual or recurrent tumor cannot be excluded. In group 4, grafts may prevent adequate visualization of the IAC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588345
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  • 73
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    Electronic Resource
    Mineralizing microangiopathy: CT and MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Mineralizing microangiopathy ; Chemotherapy R ; Radiotherapy ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mineralizing microangiopathy, a distinctive histopathologic process involving the microvasculature of the central nervous system (CNS), is usually seen following combined radiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of CNS neoplasms in childhood. CT typically demonstrates calcification within the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter. The areas of calcification may give paradoxically increased signal on T1-weighted MRI due to a surface-relaxation mechanism, and decreased signal on T2-weighted images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588350
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Angiographically occult malformation ; Spinal arteriovenous malformation ; Cavernous malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed 11 cases of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (IMCH) studied by MRI, to assess its diagnostic value in these lesions. Follow-up MRI was obtained in five patients 7 days–2 years following the initial study. In one case a postoperative examination was obtained. The diagnosis was pathologically proven in ten cases, and supported in the last by a family and personal history of cavernous haemangiomas. A reticulate appearance with areas of mixed signal intensity in both T1- and T2-weighted images was the most common finding. Homogeneous high, low or intermediate signal intensity was each found in one case. Two small lesions gave low signal. A rim of low signal was less common than in cerebral cavernous haemangiomas. In one case, the brain showed more than 20 lesions with the MRI appearances of cavernous haemangiomas. In two of five patients, serial preoperative MRI showed progressive disappearance of high-signal areas on both T1- and T2-weighted images. To find a haemorrhagic intramedullary lesion on MRI is not rare. Although the appearances are not pathognomonic, an IMCH can be suggested. We suggest that the following characteristics may help: (1) a personal and/or family history of cavernous haemangiomas; (2) typical MRI appearances of mixed acute, subacute and chronic haemorrhage; (3) a tendency for signal intensity to decrease on follow-up; (4) normal spinal angiography; and (5) associated brain lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588339
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  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benign osteoblastoma of the temporal bone: MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 326-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Osteoblastoma ; Skull ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated a 27-year-old woman with a retroauricular tumour. MRI revealed a signal void on T1- and T2-weighted images, and irregular enhancement with gadolinium-DTPA. The underlying dura mater also enhanced. The tumour was resected completely, and histological examination showed a benign osteoblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588348
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  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moyamoya disease: diagnostic accuracy of MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 356-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Moyamoya disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebral angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in moyamoya disease. We studied 30 patients with this disease, comparing MRI and angiographic findings. The diagnostic value of MRI was evaluated for occlusive lesions, collateral vessels, and parenchymal lesions. In all patients bilateral occlusion or stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and proximal anterior and middle cerebral arteries was clearly shown by MRI, and staging of the extent of occlusion agreed with angiographic staging in 44 (73%) of 60 arteries. MRI, particularly coronal images, clearly showed basal cerebral moyamoya vessels in 54 hemispheres, and 45 of a total of 71 large leptomeningeal and transdural collateral vessels were identified. MRI also showed parenchymal lesions in 48 (80%) hemispheres, and the extent of occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulations respectively correlated with white matter and cortical and/or subcortical infarcts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588011
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  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial changes on MRI in lumbar disc herniations treated conservatively (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 378-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Lumbar disc herniation ; Conservative treatment ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using serial MRI, we studied 32 patients with herniated lumbar discs, treated conservatively, to clarify the natural history of this condition. MRI was performed in the acute stage, then 6 months and 1 year later. On axial images, the proportion of the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal occupied by the herniated disc was 31.9% on the average on the initial scan, 28.7% 6 months and 25.3% 1 year later. The size of the herniation decreased by more than 20% in 11 patients (34%), by 10–20 % in 8 (28%) and was unchaged in 12 (38%). The height of the disc slightly decreased with time, but there was no significant change in the angle of lordosis in the affected segment. The initial MRI revealed degeneration of all affected discs, and progressive degeneration was observed in 9 patients. The more degenerate the disc and the larger the initial herniation the more the size of the herniated fragment decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588017
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Hyperhomocysteinaemia; with reference to its neuroradiological aspects (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 403-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Hyperhomocysteinaemia ; Premature arteriosclerosis ; Demyelination ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Severe or even mild hyperhomocysteinaemia can cause a wide range of neurological problems. In recent years its vascular complications, including cerebral stroke, in children and young adults have gained special interest, because hyperhomocysteinaemia is treatable and recurrence of vascular incidents may be preventable. Current knowledge about biochemical mechanisms leading to hyperhomocysteinaemia, the pathogenesis of vascular pathology and neurological disfunction, and the various patterns of cerebral damage are reviewed. The significance of MRI in diagnosis, follow-up and research on hyperhomocysteinaemia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588024
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Serial MRI changes in radiation myelopathy (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 374-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Myelopathy ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using MRI we assessed the changes in signal, size, and contrast enhancement characteristics of the cervical spinal cord in radiation myelopathy developing after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We studied two men and five women, aged 40–77 years. The first MRI study was performed 1–4 months after the initial clinical manifestations of myelopathy, and follow-up MRI 2–22 months after the onset of symptoms. On the first study, all patients showed low signal intensity in a long segment of the cervical spinal cord on T1-weighted images, high signal on T2*-weighted images, and focal contrast enhancement at C1–2. In five patients there was also swelling of the spinal cord. The site of eccentric focal contrast enhancement correlated with the clinical manifestations. Follow-up imaging less than 10 months after the onset of symptoms showed no significant changes in signal intensity. Focal contrast enhancement at C1–2 remained the same in three patients, was more dense and larger in one, and less dense in another. Subsidence of swelling was seen in two patients. Atrophy of the spinal cord at C1–2, without abnormal signal and with faint contrast enhancement at C1–2 was revealed as early as 10 months after the onset of symptoms, but the contrast enhancement disappeared by 22 months. There was no correlation between clinical manifestations and spinal cord atrophy on MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588016
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in chronic paint-thinner intoxication (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain iron ; Thinner intoxication ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of paint-thinner intoxication in which MRI showed lesions in both white matter and basal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600086
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of a pituitary cryptococcoma simulating an adenoma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 449-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary ; Cryptococcosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare pituitary cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient, with radiological features similar to those of a pituitary macroadenoma. Although unusual, it should be added to the list of differential diagnosis of pituitary masses. Contrast enhancement of adjacent meninges differentiated the lesion from an adenoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600089
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: orbital MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 459-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ; Visual loss ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Blood-retinal barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case is reported of a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension examined with magnetic resonance imaging. Marked enhancement of the optic nerve heads was found, which might be related to blood-retinal barrier breakdown related to a sudden rise in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600093
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Gliofibroma: CT and MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; neoplasms ; Gliofibroma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe CT and MRI appearances in two children with pathologically proven gliofibromas, in the cerebrum and cerebellum. A striking finding was lack of high signal on T2-weighted MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600101
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or ADEM-like inflammatory changes in a heart-lung transplant recipient: a case report (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 434-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ; Transplantation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; FK-506 ; Rabbit antithymocyte globulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a white matter inflammatory disease which usually follows a viral infection or pharmaceutical intervention. We describe a case of presumed ADEM in a heart/lung transplant patient, the etiology of which cannot be elucidated. The fascinating aspect is the mode of clinical presentation and the rapid resolution of radiologic abnormalities. Histologic examination of the brain is provided in an attempt to elucidate the radiographic abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600082
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI in chronic paint-thinner intoxication (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain iron ; Thinner intoxication ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of paint-thinner intoxication in which MRI showed lesions in both white matter and basal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600086
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Septic arthritis in a lumbar facet joint: a rare cause of an epidural abscess (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 462-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Epidural abscess ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium-DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 10-year-old boy presented with a 7-day history of back pain and pyrexia. MRI showed an epidural abscess arising from septic arthritis in a lumbar facet joint. Whilst septic arthritis in a large joint is relatively common in children, epidural abscess is rare. This case illustrates how infection in a synovial joint may extend into the extradural space and might be the route of infection in more cases than has previously been recognised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600094
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meningioma presenting as a mass in the internal auditory canal (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 479-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Internal auditory meatus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe an entirely intracanalicular meningioma in a 49-year-old woman, mimicking an acoustic neuroma on CT cisternography and MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600100
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in paranasal sinus abnormalities found incidentally on MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 471-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Paranasal sinuses ; Incidental finding ; Interval change ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormal opacification of paranasal sinuses on brain MRI was studied in 178 consecutive adult patients who underwent two examinations separated by at least 4 months because of suspected neurological disease. Sinus abnormality was present in 79 (44%) patients; in 60% the abnormality involved two or more sinuses and it was bilateral in 51%. The most frequently abnormal sinus was the maxillary (46%), followed by the ethmoid (32%), sphenoid (16%), and frontal sinuses (6%). Interval occurrence or complete resolution of abnormalities was observed in 52% of patients (66% of the sinuses). In the remaining 48% of patients the abnormalities were present on two or more examinations, unchanged or of increased or decreased severity. The most frequent interval changing abnormalities were complete sinus opacification and fluid levels, followed by irregular mucoperiosteal thickening more than 4 mm thick. No polypoid abnormalities (polyps or mucosal cysts) decreased over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600097
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic enhancement MRI of anterior lobe in pituitary dwarfism (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 486-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Dynamic contrast enhancement ; Pituitary dwarfism ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 23 patients with pituitary dwarfism by dynamic MRI; with a repetition time of 150 or 50 ms. The time-enhancement difference curves of selected regions in the anterior lobes were plotted. Another 48 patients with no definite clinical pituitary disfunction were examined with the same technique. We found that the intensity of maximum enhancement in both groups was similar, but the time to achieve maximum enhancement was delayed in pituitary dwarfism with or without stalk transection; the time seemed longest with stalk transection. There was little difference in enhancement between patients with multiple hormone deficiency or isolated growth hormone deficiency. Dynamic MRI of the anterior lobes may be an important functional imaging study, and our results imply that poor perfusion is a useful finding in pituitary dwarfism, especially in patients without stalk transection and normal pituitary height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600102
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa: report of two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 564-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cholesterol granuloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Middle cranial fossa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two cases of cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa. On CT the lesions appeared as a nonspecific, nonenhancing soft-tissue mass with bone erosion. On MRI they were seen as areas of high signal intensity surrounded by a low-intensity peripheral zone on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatised cellsin the temporal bone become obstructed. Although this lesion usually occurs in the petrous bone, it can extend to the middle cranial fossa. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593723
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial MRI in early Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease with a point mutation of prion protein at codon 180 (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 531-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Prion protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 66-year-old woman with histologically diagnosed Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), followed with MRI from an early clinical stage. MRI demonstrated expansion of the high cortical signal on T2-weighted images, which differs from previous MRI reports of CJD. This patient followed an atypical clinical course: 16 months had passed before she developed akinetic mutism, and periodic sharp waves had not been detected on EEG after 2 years in spite of her akinetic mutism. Brain biopsy showed primary spongiform changes in the grey matter, and a point mutation of the prion protein gene at codon 180 was discovered using polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing and Tth 111 I cutting. This is the first case with the point mutation of the codon 180 variant with an atypical clinical course and characteristic MRI findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593711
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of white matter changes in the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 576-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sjögren-Larsson syndrome ; Spastic diplegia ; Conduction aphasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with spastic diplegia and conduction aphasia. MRI demonstrated the white matter changes deep in the cerebral hemispheres. We analyse the MRI findings and compare the results with neuropsychological signs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593725
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa: report of two cases (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 564-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cholesterol granuloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Middle cranial fossa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two cases of cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa. On CT the lesions appeared as a nonspecific, nonenhancing soft-tissue mass with bone erosion. On MRI they were seen as areas of high signal intensity surrounded by a low-intensity peripheral zone on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatised cells in the temporal bone become obstructed. Although this lesion usually occurs in the petrous bone, it can extend to the middle cranial fossa. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593723
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood neuroborreliosis: clinicoradiological correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 578-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lyme disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the cranial CT and MRI findings in three children with Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis). The neuroimaging findings in children have been rarely reported. We found cranial MRI far superior to cranial CT. Ring-enhancing lesions have been described in acute disseminating encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis but not in neuroborreliosis. Although other infectious and inflammatory diseases cannot be excluded, Lyme disease should be included in the differential diagnosis and put forward as being the most likely diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting. Gadopentetate dimeglumine is helpful in assessing the response to antibiotic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593726
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential diagnosis of extra-axial intracranial tumours by dynamic spin-echo MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 522-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuroma ; Meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic MRI was performed on 22 patients with extra-axial intracranial tumours. Serial images were obtained every 30 s for 3 min using a spin-echo sequence (TR 200, TE 15 ms) after rapid injection of Gd-DTPA, 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. The contrast medium enhancement ratio (CER) was correlated with the histology of the tumours. Meningiomas and extra-axial metastases showed a sharp rise, then a gradual decline. Although both had a definite early peak of CER, metastases showed a more rapid decline. Neuromas and extra-axial lymphoma showed a slow, steady increase with no peak within 180 s. This study indicates that the CER is helpful in the differentiation of extra-axial tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593708
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomised double-blind clinical trial of intermediate- versus high-dose chloral hydrate for neuroimaging of children (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 687-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Children ; Chloral hydrate ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sedation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orally administered chloral hydrate is the most widely used sedative in children undergoing MRI. We compared intermediate-and high-dose oral chloral hydrate in 97 consecutive children undergoing MRI in a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. There were 50 girls and 47 boys, mean weight (±SD) 14.7±6.4 kg, and mean age 38±31. The children were randomly allocated to receive chloral hydrate syrup either 70 mg/kg (group A,n=50) or 100 mg/kg (group B,n=47). These two groups were not significantly different in sex, weight, age, diagnosis or ambulatory medication. The mean initial dose (±SEM) was 64±2 mg/kg for group A and 93±2 mg/kg for group B. Because adequate sedation was not achieved, 14 patients in group A and 6 in group B required a second dose, giving a mean total dose of 70±2 mg/kg for group A and 96±2 mg/kg for group B. The percentage of successful examinations after the initial dose (A: 64%, B: 87%;p〈0.05) and the total dose (A: 92%, B: 100%;p=0.14) was higher in group B. Significant differences were found for the time of onset of sedation (A: 28±2 min, B: 21±1 min;p〈0.05), but not for the time to spontaneous awakening after the completion of the examination. The rate of adverse reactions was similar (A: 20%, B: 21%;p=1.00). We conclude that high-dose oral chloral hydrate improves the management of children undergoing MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593395
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminectomy-induced arachnoradiculitis: a postoperative serial MRI study (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 660-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Laminectomy ; Adhesive arachnoradiculitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lumbar spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Time-related changes of laminectomy-induced cauda equina adhesions were investigated by MRI in ten patients with degenerative spinal disease who underwent posterior surgery to the lumbar spine; seven had disc herniations and three spinal stenosis. Axial MRI was performed before and 3, 7, 21 and 42 days after surgery. Cauda equina adhesions were most severe at the laminectomised levels L3-4, L4-5 and L5-S1 (n=16); partial adhesions were found in 9 of 16 levels at 6 weeks after surgery. At the L3-4 or L5-S1 levels (n=14), the area of laminar exposure without laminectomy, the cauda equina adhesions continued 1 week after surgery, but thereafter resolved; only partial adhesions were seen at 5 of 14 levels 6 weeks after surgery. Shrinkage of the arachnoid sac was also found at the level of the laminectomy, but it re-expanded 3 weeks after surgery in all cases. Cauda equina adhesions and shrinkage of the sac were correlated closely with laminectomy, with or without discectomy, suggesting that an inflammatory process of deep wound healing may be involved in the mechanism of a laminectomy-induced arachnoradiculitis which may be correlated with post-operative leg symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593389
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue characterisation of atherosclerotic carotid plaques by MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 631-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Tissue characterisation ; Carotid artery ; Atheromatous plaque ; Intramural haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carotid artery plaques with intraplaque haemorrhage or atheromatous debris have been found to be associated with an increased risk of embolic stroke. Other methods have failed to detect plaque morphology, and it is not clear whether MRI allows differentiation between prognostically and therapeutically relevant plaque types. We examined 17 carotid bifurcation plaques which had been removed in toto by MRI. For quantifying MR signal intensities (I) the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was used: (ITissue– IRef) / SDRef, with normal saline (0.9 %) as reference (Ref) and the standard deviation (SD) of the noise. Measurements were correlated with the histopathological appearance of “simple plaques”, consisting of fibrous intimal thickening, lipid deposits and/or atheromatous tissue with cholesterol crystals, largely calcified plaques, and “complicated plaques”, containing recent intramural haemorrhage or friable atheromatous debris. Significantly different mean CNR could be measured in the three plaque types on T1- and T2-weighted sequences (p 〈 0.00001) and using the FLASH pulse sequence with a flip angle of 15 ° (p 〈 0.001). With the T1-weighted sequence simple plaques showed a CNR of 4.4 ± 2.3, calcified plaques −4.8 ± 2.6 and complicated plaques 15.1 ± 4.3. Using this technique, each single plaque could be correctly classified, an unalterable prerequisite for a clinical application. To date, motion artefacts due to patient movement or insufficiently triggerable vessel pulsation in combination with relative long acquisition times (6–7 min) have limited in vivo investigations. If these problems could be overcome, MRI might become a valuable technique for studying carotid plaque morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050166
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery from primary deep cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with recanalisation (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sinus thrombosis ; Reperfusion ; Cerebral infarction ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 50-year-old woman with idiopathic deep cerebral sinus and vein thrombosis (DCVT) had cerebellar disturbance prior to impaired consciousness. CT and MRI revealed haemorrhagic infarction in the cerebellum and signal changes suggesting infarction in the thalamus and basal ganglia bilaterally. The straight sinus and internal cerebral vein (ICV) were dense on CT. On angiography, the vein of Galen (VG) and straight sinus were not seen. Following clinical recovery, CT and MRI became normal, and angiography showed recanalization of the VG and ICV. The relationship between cerebellar infarction and DCVT, and signal changes on CT and MRI are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050169
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminectomy-induced arachnoradiculitis: a postoperative serial MRI study (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 660-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Laminectomy ; Adhesive arachnoradiculitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lumbar spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Time-related changes of laminectomy-induced cauda equina adhesions were investigated by MRI in ten patients with degenerative spinal disease who underwent posterior surgery to the lumbar spine; seven had disc herniations and three spinal stenosis. Axial MRI was performed before and 3, 7, 21 and 42 days after surgery. Cauda equina adhesions were most severe at the laminectomised levels L3–4, L4–5 and L5–S1 (n = 16); partial adhesions were found in 9 of 16 levels at 6 weeks after surgery. At the L3–4 or L5–S1 levels (n = 14), the area of laminar exposure without laminectomy, the cauda equina adhesions continued 1 week after surgery, but thereafter resolved; only partial adhesions were seen at 5 of 14 levels 6 weeks after surgery. Shrinkage of the arachnoid sac was also found at the level of the laminectomy, but it re-expanded 3 weeks after surgery in all cases. Cauda equina adhesions and shrinkage of the sac were correlated closely with laminectomy, with or without discectomy, suggesting that an inflammatory process of deep wound healing may be involved in the mechanism of a laminectomy-induced arachnoradiculitis which may be correlated with postoperative leg symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050175
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