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  • 1990-1994  (140)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1992  (140)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (140)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen production by human smooth muscle cells isolated during intestinal organogenesis (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Smooth muscle cell ; Fetal human intestine ; Collagen ; Contraction ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The extracellular matrix influences organogenesis by modulating cell behavior. In humans, collagen is the major matrix constituent of the adult intestinal wall and is synthesized by smooth muscle cells. The objective of the current study was to examine collagen production by fetal human intestinal smooth muscle cells isolated during intestinal morphogenesis. Techniques were developed for the isolation and culture of human fetal intestinal smooth muscle cells. The cultured cells were confirmed as muscle by immunohistochemical stains for cytoskeletal filaments and documentation of contractile behavior. In culture, these cells stained for mesenchymal and muscle cytoskeletal proteins: vimentin, actin, and desmin, and did not stain for neural or epithelial markers. The muscle cells contracted in response to acetylcholine, in contrast to human fetal dermal fibroblasts which did not contract appreciably. Collagen production was assayed by the uptake of [3H]-proline into collagenase-digestible protein. Collagen production was greatest at 11 weeks gestation, the youngest age studied. By 20 weeks gestation, collagen production had decreased to adult levels. However, when compared to another matrix-producing fetal mesenchymal cell, the dermal fibroblast, intestinal smooth muscle cells produced twice as much collagen. Collagen types were determined by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Smooth muscle cells predominantly produced types I and III collagen α chains. Therefore, collagen production is a significant function of human fetal intestinal smooth muscle cells, and probably plays a major role in the development of intestinal structure. The in vitro model presented here provides a means of studying the regulation of this collagen production throughout intestinal organogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185612
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromogranin A immunoreactivity and Grimelius' argyrophilia (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Chromogranin A ; Grimelius' argyrophilia ; Endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various endocrine cells can be stained by the argyrophil reaction of Grimelius. This silver stain has recently been attributed to chromogranin A, an acidic glycoprotein, that is present in many endocrine cells. Using serial sections of plastic-embedded tissues (adrenal medulla, pancreas, gastric mucosa) various endocrine cells were investigated for their content of chromogranin A immunoreactivity and for their argyrophilia. The findings in four species (man, cattle, pig, guinea pig) showed that chromogranin A immunoreactivity and argyrophil stain partly overlap in identical endocrine cells, but do not necessarily coincide in the majority of endocrine cells. We found that endocrine cells could be positive for chromogranin A and argyrophilia (e.g., aminergic endocrine cells); or positive for chromogranin A but negative for argyrophilia (e.g., insulin cells of all species; somatostatin cells of cattle and pig); or negative for chromogranin A but positive for argyrophilia (e.g., glucagon cells of pig and guinea pig); or negative for chromogranin A and argyrophilia (e.g., somatostatin cells of man and guinea pig). Such heterogeneities of the staining pattern for chromogranin A and argyrophil silver reaction were also observed in individual endocrine cells of a given population (e.g., gastrin cells). Hence, although recent dot-blot tests have shown that chromogranin A is an argyrophilic substance, in tissue sections chromogranin A immunostaining and Grimelius' silver staining did not coincide in various endocrine cells, for unknown reasons. Therefore, it is recommended to use both chromogranin A immunohistochemistry and the classical Grimelius' silver stain to “mark” the vast majority of endocrine cells in tissue sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211819
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An atlas of glycine- and GABA-like immunoreactivity and colocalization in the cochlear nuclear complex of the guinea pig (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 443-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Auditory brainstem ; Neurotransmitters ; Immunohistochemistry ; Densitometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and colocalization of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and glycine-like immunoreactivity in the cochlear nuclear complex of the guinea pig have been studied to produce a light microscopic atlas. The method used was based on post-embedding immunocytochemistry in pairs of 0.5-μm-thick plastic sections treated with polyclonal antibodies against conjugated GABA and glycine respectively. Immunoreactive cells, presumably short axon neurones, predominated in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, with mostly single-GABA-labelled cells in the superficial layer, double-labelled in the middle, and single-glycine-labelled in the deep layers. A few large single-glycine-labelled cells, interpreted as commissural neurons, occurred in the ventral nucleus. Scattered double-labelled cells, probably Golgi cells, were seen in the granule cell domain. Immunolabelled puncta of all three staining categories occurred in large numbers throughout the complex, apposed to somata and in the neuropil, showing a differential distribution onto different types of neuron. Three immunolabelled tracts were noted: the tuberculoventral tract, the commissural acoustic stria, and the trapezoidal descending fibres. Most of the fibres in these tracts were single-labelled for glycine, although in the last mentioned tract single-GABA- and double-labelled fibres were also found. Some of the immunolabelled cell types described here are proposed as the origins of the similarly labelled puncta and fibres on the basis of known intrinsic connections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185459
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microanatomy of canine islets of Langerhans: implications for intra-islet regulation (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dogs ; Islets of Langerhans ; Extrainsular endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Regulation of islets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In recent years models for the internal (“intra-islet”) regulation of hormone secretion have been proposed to explain how different islet cells might regulate each other by means of their respective secretory peptides. Models that emphasize the importance of a directed intra-islet blood flow and sequence of perfusion of islet cells rely on a certain type of islet microanatomy and vascular supply. The experimental studies underlying these models have partly been performed in dogs. To extend the incomplete morphological knowledge of the canine endocrine pancreas both canine islets of Langerhans and extrainsular cells have been analysed in immunostained serial semithin (0.5 μm) sections. In addition to their occurrence within islets of Langerhans, all endocrine cell types are also found at extrainsular sites (about 9% of all endocrine cells) where they are distributed in different quantities among the epithelial lining of exocrine acini or excretory ducts and the connective tissue. There are continuous transitions from single extrainsular cells to small mono-and polycellular cell groups to islets. In a comprehensive analysis of whole islets, including computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstructions, the size, shape and vascularization of the islets as well as their cellular composition and the microtopology of islet cells have been studied. We have found marked intra-and inter-islet heterogeneities of the parameters investigated that are not compatible with concepts of a uniform and directed vascular perfusion of the various islet cell populations. Instead, their paracrine regulation may occur primarily via hormonal secretion into the intercellular spaces or vascular hormonal delivery to adjacent cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185914
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the goldfish brain (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neu ropeptides ; CNS ; Teleostei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in the goldfish brain was studied by means of the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and an antibody to substance P. By 80 h after fertilization, the first SPLI-cell bodies appear in the ventricular zone of the future diencephalon and the first SPLI-fibers appear in the olfactory bulbs. Two days after hatching (which occurs at 100 h after fertilization), SPLI fibers connecting the olfactory bulbs and hypothalamus are seen. In the optic tectum SPLI-fibers appear for the first time 5 days after hatching. In the brain stem, SPLI-cell bodies appear in juvenile animals 40 days after hatching. The highest number and intensity of SPLI-cell bodies and fibers are found in the area postrema. SPLI-cell bodies are also seen in the gustatory nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, reticular formation of the medulla, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and commissural nucleus of Cajal. The significant information gained from the present study is: 1. The rostro-caudal sequence in which the SPLI appears in the developing nuclei of the goldfish brain 2. The reduction of SPLI-cell bodies in some nuclei with age Thus, in the brain stem, SPLI-cell bodies that were labeled in juvenile goldfish were not seen in adults. This might be due to changes in the rate of axonal transport, changes of the SP phenotype during development or cell death. The developmental sequence and relative timing in which SPLI-cell bodies appear in the goldfish, rat and mice are similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710401
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma presenting with acromegaly — do “transitional cell tumors of the pituitary gland” really exist? (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Plurihormonal adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Acromegaly ; Rathke's cleft cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of multiple large Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma presenting with acromegaly is reported. Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma is rare condition, and this is the first report of such a case presenting with acromegaly. An electron microscopic and an immunohistochemical analysis proved that the cyst within the pituitary adenoma of this case differs from cysts found in the embryonic stage of the pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308482
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study on HLA-DR expression in human meningiomas (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 110-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: HLA-DR ; Meningioma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of HLA-DR was examined in 38 cases of meningiomas with the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using two monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR (LN-3 and TAL-IB5) on formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Similar immunoreactivity was obtained with these two monoclonal antibodies. In addition to infiltrated lymphoid cells and perivascular macrophages, tumor cells themselves showed HLA-DR expression in 16 cases (42%) of meningiomas. The rate of HLA-DR-positive cases in the transitional and fibrous subtypes (64% and 67%, respectively) was higher than that in the meningotheliomatous subtype (8%). Spindle-shaped tumor cells were frequently positive for HLA-DR, whereas few of meningotheliomatous cells with plump cytoplasm were positive. Most of HLA-DR-positive cases showed no or scanty lymphoid cell infiltration, and a few cases with marked infiltration of lymphoid cells were variable for HLA-DR expression. These findings suggest little correlation between HLA-DR expression of tumor cells and the degree of lymphoid cell infiltration, but indicate an aberrant HLA-DR expression of tumor cells themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427224
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of a case with progressive supranuclear palsy without ophthalmoplegia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 328-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Progressiye supranuclear palsy ; Neurofibrilary tangles ; Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Modified tau protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome; PSP) with parkinsonism and absence of gaze palsy or mental changes is reported. Neuropathological examination, apart from typical changes, showed, lack of midbrain tegmentum demyelination, marked loss of Purkinje cells and presence of hyalin-line bodies in individual neurons of the substantia nigra. Immunostaining against tau-1 protein revealed the prevalence of a diffuse reaction in locus coeruleus neurons; reflecting either different ability of these cells to accumulate straight filaments, or a various time sequence of neurofibrillary tanglesformation. Ferritin immunohistochemistry demonstrated widespread microglial cell proliferation, confirming further the generalized character of CNS pathology in PSP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296797
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colocalization of prion protein and β protein in the same amyloid plaques in patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler Syndrome (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Prion protein ; β protein ; Amyloid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined paraffin-embedded brain sections from three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and four patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome (GSS) who also had β protein deposits in the brains. Immunostaining using anti-prion protein (PrP) and anti-β protein coupled with formic acid pretreatment, revealed PrP deposits and β protein deposits, respectively. In all four GSS patients examined, sequential double immunostaining and single immunostaining in serial sections or simultaneous double immunofluorescence revealed the colocalization of PrP and β protein in the same amyloid plaques. The plaques labeled with both antibodies were designated as β-PrP plaques. Small kuru plaques of less than 15 μm in diameter were rarely found to coexist with β deposits. The percentages of β-PrP plaques in larger kuru plaques were not constant among the four GSS patients. The colocalization patterns of both deposits were observed as being roughly of two types as follows: (1) diffuse β protein deposits located around the PrP core; and (2) a β protein core and PrP core simultaneously existing in one amyloid plaque. Under an electron microscope, we were able to confirm the presence of both β protein and PrP in a single plaque in four GSS patients older than 60 years old. In contrast, no colocalization of either deposits was seen in the amyloid plaque core fractions of a young GSS patient who had no β protein deposits, even at the electron microscopic level. Therefore, the colocalization of both proteins in a single plaque is believed to be age-related and incidental in GSS patients but suggests a similar morphogenesis of both amyloid deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713522
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occlusive microangiopathy by immunoglobulin (IgM-kappa) precipitation: pathogenetic relevance in paraneoplastic cryoglobulinemic neuropathy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy ; Cryoglobulinemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural sural nerve and skin biopsy findings in a case of cryoglobulinemia secondary to an IgM-kappa-producing non-Hodgkin lymphoma are described. The main finding was an occlusive microangiopathy present in both the sural nerve and the skin. Widespread cryoglobulin deposits of the proliferated vasa nervorum were associated with pronounced changes probably evoked by ischemia. Moderate perivascular inflammation, but no florid vasculitis was additionally present. Our observations indicate that occlusive microangiopathy by precipitated cryoglobulins may be a relevant pathogenetic factor in cryoglobulinemic peripheral neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713536
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with codon 129 polymorphism (Valine): a comparative study of patients with codon 102 point mutation or without mutations (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Prion protein ; Amyloid ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined 7 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a methionine-to-valine change at prion protein (PrP) codon 129 (CJD129 patients). These CJD129 patients did not have either a condon 117 or 198 point mutation. For comparison, we also examined 7 patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome (GSS) with a proline-to-leucine change at PrP codon 102 (GSS102 patients) and 13 patients without any known mutations at codons 102, 117, 129, 178, or 200 (CJDwild patients). CJD129 patients had a long clinical duration and ataxia at onset, but rarely had any periodic synchronous discharge in their electroencephalogram. Unlike CJDwild patients, all CJD129 patients have typical congophilic PrP plaques in their brain. These clinicopathological findings were similar to those of GSS102. However, the distribution and morphology of PrP deposits revealed by immunohistochemistry were different between CJD129 and GSS102. In GSS102 more numerous and various types of PrP plaques are seen throughout the brain, while in CJD129 patients a unicentric core was the major feature of PrP plaques. The change in codon 129 influences the clinical course and pathological findings in CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227660
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical evidence of endothelin-1 in human choroid plexus (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Choroid plexus ; Choroid plexus papilloma ; Endothelin-1 ; Human brain ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical investigation was carried out on 17 specimens of human choroid plexus obtained post mortem, 1 biopsy of normal choroid plexus including part of the lateral ventricle and 1 papilloma of the choroid plexus removed surgically. The material was fixed in formalin. Paraffin and cryostat sections were used. A polyclonal antiserum to endothelin-1 served as a primary antibody. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was applied to demonstrate the immunoreaction. The epithelial cells of the choroid plexuses, the choroid papilloma and most ependymal cells of the lateral ventricle showed a distinct brown reaction product in their cytoplasm indicating antigenic sites to endothelin-1. The reaction was of lesser intensity in the ependymal cells. The connective tissue in choroid plexus was unstained. A positive immunoreaction was present in the walls of some vessels in the choroid plexus in cryostat sections. This is the first report on the presence of antigenic sites to endothelin-1 in the epithelial cells of the human choroid plexus. The role of endothelin in these cells should be investigated to ascertain if the cells synthesize this biologically active peptide or if it is merely bound to receptors in them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227676
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of hippocampal CA-1 noradrenergic fibers to five minutes of transient cerebral ischemia in the gerbil (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 554-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Noradrenergic system ; Hippocampus ; Cerebral ischemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined changes in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive fibers following 5 min of cerebral ischemia in gerbils using an immunohistochemical method 1, 3 and 30 days after ischemia. Almost all CA-1 pyramidal neurons were lost 3 days after ischemia, whereas noradrenergic fibers were maintained 30 days after ischemia. The present study demonstrated that TH-immunoreactive fibers and cells were resistant to transient ischemia, and that there was no sprouting or hyperactivity in noradrenergic systems after ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304475
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of cerebral plaque-like lesions in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 674-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis ; Dutch type ; Amyloid β/A4 protein ; Diffuse plaques ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the presence and morphology of plaque-like lesions in the frontal cortex of six patients, aged 40 to 76 years, with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis — Dutch type (HCHWA-D), using β/A4 immuno-, silver, Congo red and thioflavin S staining. Two types of β/A4 immunoreactive and Congo red-negative plaques were detected. The first type was composed of argyrophilic fibrous material in periodic acid-methenamine silver (PAM) and modified Bielschowsky staining and lacked silver-stained degenerating neurites. Therefore, this type of plaque has the same staining properties as the diffuse plaque described in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and nondemented elderly. The second type of plaque, occurring only in the three oldest patients and numerically increasing with age, consisted of a spherical non-argyrophilic area of granular texture with a rim of PAM-positive material. The PAM-positive fibrous material of both types of plaques was mingled with coarser and compact, irregular-shaped argyrophilic structures in the oldest patient. The described plaques did not show bright fluorescence with thioflavin S staining. These results indicate, that the morphology of plaques, encountered in HCHWA-D, is diverse and changes with age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227745
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical studies on the new type of astrocytic inclusions identified in a patient with brain malformation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 449-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocytic inclusion ; S-100 protein ; Microtubule-associated protein 1B ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies were carried out on the new type of cerebral cortical astrocytic inclusions recently discovered in a 20-year-old patient with maldeveloped brain and micropolygyria. The inclusions appeared as eosinophilic structures (hematoxylin and eosin stain) and did not exhibit argyrophilia (modified Bielschowsky method). The inclusions were strongly stained by the antibody against S-100 protein (S 100) and to a lesser extent by the antibody to microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP 1B). In contrast to Rosenthal fibers, the astrocytic inclusions did not react with antibodies to αB-crystallin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquitin. No positive reactions were obtained with antibodies against heat-shock protein 27 (HSP 27), HSP 72, actin, vimentin, desmin, cytokeratin, myelin basic protein, β-tubulin, MAP 2, tau protein, paired helical filament, phosphorylated neurofilament protein (NFP), nonphosphorylated NFP, synaptophysin, cathepsin D, α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin and basic fibroblast growth factor. By immunoelectron microscopy, the products of the reaction with the anti-S 100 antibody appeared as heterogeneous granular deposits and with the antibody to MAP 1B they were randomly scattered throughout the astrocytic inclusions. Our results demonstrate that the immunohistochemical profile of the recently described inclusions differs from that of Rosenthal fibers. Whether the novel inclusions are involved in congenital astrocyte dysfunction and cerebral malformation remains to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227674
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of FOS and JUN proteins after focal ischemia in the rat: differential effect of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 545-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Focal ischemia ; Immediate early genes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Spreading depression ; N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary FOS and JUN proteins are transcription factors thought to be involved in coupling neuronal excitation to target gene expression. Cortical infarction of consistent size and location was produced by irradiating the rat brain with Xenon light through the intact skull for 20 min following systemic injection of the photo-sensitizing dye, rose bengal. To investigate the time course and distribution pattern of five cellular ummediate early gene (IEG)-encoded proteins after focal ischemia, the expression of c-FOS, FOS B, c-JUN, JUN B and JUN D was studied immunocytochemically in sham-operated control animals and at different postischemic time intervals up to 24 h. A separate group of animals was pretreated with the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801. Photochemically induced focal ischemia caused a rapid induction of FOS and JUN proteins in the entire ipsilateral cortex apart from the ischemic focus. Immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral subcortical gray and white matter and in the entire contralateral hemisphere was indistinguishable from control animals. Individual IEG-encoded proteins were sequentially induced with increased levels of immunoreactivity persisting for different time periods up to 24 h. c-FOS, FOS B, c-JUN and JUN B exhibited a characteristic distribution pattern as reflected by different staining intensities in individual cortical layers. The rapid IEG induction in the entire ipsilateral sensorimotor and limbic structure-associated cortices after photochemically induced infarction most likely reflects spreading depression caused by ischemia and mediated by NMDA receptors. This conclusion is supported by the finding that MK-801 pretreatment completely prevented the postischemic induction of FOS proteins and markedly attenuated the levels of JUN immunoreactivity in all cortical regions except in the peri-infarct area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304474
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with amyloid angiopathy: diagnosis by immunological analyses and transmission experiments (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Amyloid angiopathy ; Prion protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Experimental transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It was difficult to make a definite pathological diagnosis in a 73-year-old man with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) due to extensive amyloid angiopathy which lacked any severe spongiform changes. Immunostaining using anti-prion protein (PrP) antibody revealed fine granular deposits in the gray matter, after hydrolytic autoclaving pretreatment on tissue sections. Western blotting also revealed an abnormal isoform of PrP, but PrP gene analysis did not show any abnormalities. The primary transmission experiments were repeated three times and induced spongiform encephalopathy in a few mice after a long incubation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310037
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gliofibroma: immunohistochemical analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gliofibroma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Astrocytes ; Desmoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of gliofibroma occurring in an adult patient as a large circumscribed supratentorial tumor is reported. The bimorphic pattern was substantiated and further analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Some evidence in favor of collagen production by mesenchymal and/or inflammatory cells leading to a progressive fibrous replacement of the glial cells in this particular tumor type is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308481
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paired helical filaments in astrocytes: electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in a case of atypical Alzheimer's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Astrocytes ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paired helical filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 54-year-old man who had cerebellar ataxia and pseudobulbar palsy at the age of 29 years, and soon developed dementia, myoclonus and convulsions, died after about 20 years in a vegetative state. Histological examination of the extensively atrophic and devastated brain (680 g) revealed the almost total loss of cerebral cortical neurons associated with numerous β-protein amyloid plaques, many extracellular tangles and a large number of hypertrophic astrocytes, and prominent amyloid angiopathy. The astrocytes were frequently immunopositive for anti-human tau antibody (anti-htau) and anti-ubiquitin antibody (anti-ubi). Double immunostaining with anti-htau and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody clearly demonstrated htau-positive domains within the GFAP-positive perikarya/and processes of several astrocytes. Electron microscopy of the hippocampal CA1, which was completely devoid of pyramidal neurons, revealed, in astrocytes, abnormal filaments indistinguishable from the paired helical filaments (PHFs) seen in neurons. On immunoelectron microscopy, the filaments were observed to be labeled with anti-htau and anti-ubi, exhibiting the same immunohistochemical features as neuronal PHFs. This is the first demonstration of clearly constricted and both tau- and ubiquitin-positive PHFs in astrocytes, indicating that, in some special conditions like in our case, processes similar to those that attack neurons also affect astrocytes and ultimately make the latter form PHFs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296783
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sural nerve immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor receptor in a case of localized hypertrophic neuropathy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 547-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Localized hypertrophic neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Schwann cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) was examined using a monoclonal antibody against human NGFR in the sural nerve of a 24-year-old woman, affected by localized hypertrophic neuropathy (LHN). NGFR expression was correlated with electron microscopy and with immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, laminin, HLA-DR, HNK-1, P0 glycoprotein and neurofilament peptides. Our results indicate that in LHN most of whorl-forming cells are NGFR positive and S-100 protein or HLA-DR negative. These data along with the ultrastructural features suggest their origin from perineurium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310035
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal intradural xanthomatosis developed in a patient with phytosterolemia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 554-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Phytosterolemia ; Intradural xanthomatosis ; Denticulate ligaments ; Macrophage ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Multiple intradural xanthomatous tumors developed in 48-year-old female with familial phytosterolemia. These tumors were restricted to the spinal denticulate ligaments. Histological and immunohistocheimical findings were fundamentally similar to those of tendinous xanthomas. The major cellular component of these tumors were identified as of mono-histiocytic origin because they possessed myeloid histiocytic antigen (Mac 387), CD11c and lysozyme but not CD15. Sitosterols, campesterols and cholestanols were recovered from the extract of the tumors and the lesions were confirmed to be phytosterolemic xanthomas. Schwann cells stained with anti-S100 protein were confined to the perivascular small nerve bundles and did not show xanthomatous change. Although immunohistochemical preparation of epithelial membrane antigen and desmoplakin I+II revealed the presence of non-neoplastic meningothelial cells in the superficial portion of the tumors, they were too few to play a significant role in the development of these xanthomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310036
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exudation of fibronectin and albumin after spinal cord injury in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 613-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Albumin ; Spinal cord trauma ; Vasogenic edema ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spinal cord of the rat was investigated immunohistochemically to detect signs of extravasation of fibronectin in animals in which the cord was subjected to different degrees of compression trauma. Immuno-histochemistry was performed after survival periods of 4 and 24h and parallel sections were incubated for albumin immunoreactivity to detect signs of breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Extravascular reaction products indicating the presence of fibronectin were found within and in the vicinity of the compression provided that bleeding had occurred in the spinal cord, i.e., in rats with severe trauma. Immunoreactive material indicating extravascular albumin was present in the traumatized region and in many segments of the cord located away from the compressed part. Such material was seen both proximal and distal to the primary injury and even in rats with a low magnitude of compression. Generally, with more severe trauma and longer survival periods extravascular albumin was more extensively distributed along the cord. No signs of fibronectin antigen were detected in spinal cord segments away from the compression even though such regions showed albumin immunoreactivity outside the vessels. The results indicate that within and close to the primary injury of compressed spinal cord exudation of fibronectin may occur from the plasma of microvessles provided that the impact is severe enough to cause intramedullary hemorrhages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227738
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain stem serotonin-synthesizing neurons in Alzheimer's disease: a clinicopathological correlation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 638-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Raphe ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuritic plaques ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location and number of brain stem serotonin-synthesizing neurons were analyzed in 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 5 agematched controls using immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, the number of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex and brain stem raphe was evaluated, as was the number of Nissl-stained raphe neurons. AD patients could be classified into two groups based on their raphe pathology; patients with such pathology (AD+) and those without (AD−). The number of large raphe neurons correlated significantly with the number of serotonin-synthesizing neurons in control material, indicating that all large neurons were serotonergic. This relationship was not apparent in AD+ patients, in whom the number of serotonin-synthesizing neurons correlated with the number of neurofibrillary tangles in the raphe of these patients. This indicates that in AD+ patients the serotonin-synthesizing neurons were selectively affected. There was no correlation between raphe and cortical pathology or raphe pathology and patient sex, age, mini-mental score or depression score, even when such scores were weighted for the interval between testing and death. There was a trend for the raphe pathology to correlate with the age of onset and duration of dementia and the Blessed dementia score in AD+ patients. Most AD+ patients with severe raphe lesions had clinical dementia only, while AD− patients had additional clinical features. The raphe lesions were more dramatic in AD+ patients with a rapid progression of symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227741
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coexistence of Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a patient with dementia of long duration (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 686-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Prion protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report here a 75-year-old-male with a slowly progressive dementia of 5-year duration along with a rapid exacerbation of symptoms in the terminal 3 months. Neuropathological examinations revealed findings consistent with conspicuous Alzheimer's disease and mild Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The plaque amyloid was exclusively composed of β-protein. The immunohistochemistry of prion protein using hydrolytic autoclaving pretreatment showed diffuse gray matter stainings in the sections of both the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. This method was thus considered useful in confirming the diagnosis of CJD for this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227747
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desmin and Vimentin as markers of regeneration in muscle diseases (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1992), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Vimentin ; Desmin ; Muscle ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localization and distribution of desmin and vimentin have been studied in different neuromuscular disorders using monoclonal antibodies. We have demonstrated that vimentin, although virtually absent in normal human muscle fibers, is expressed in regenerating fibers in different neuromuscular disorders. Moreover, these fibers showed a strong positivity with desmin antibodies. In normal muscle fibers desmin is only localized at Z-line level. These results suggest that desmin and vimentin may be over-expressed during muscle regeneration processes, probably because of their importance in the structural organization of the sarcomere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304637
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous detection of ferritin and HIV-1 in reactive microglia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 297-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ; Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using ferritin as a marker of reactive microglia, we demonstrated a close association between proliferation of reactive microglia and expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain tissue from autopsied cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An increased number of ferritin-positive reactive microglia was observed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain sections from all 13 AIDS cases examined. Similar findings were observed in brain tissue from other neurological diseases (subacute sclerosing penencephalitis, herpes simplex encephalitis and multiple sclerosis). Multinucleated giant cells were found in 7 of the AIDS cases which were also intensely labeled for ferritin. Dual-label immunohistochemistry using anti-ferritin and cell-specific markers showed that ferritin-positive cells were distinct from astrocytes, neurons and endothelia using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP), anti-neurofilament protein and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, respectively. In 5 AIDS brains, only ferritin-positive cells were shown to contain HIV-1 gp41 antigen using dual-label immunohistochemistry. In addition, HIV-1 RNA was localized in territin-positive reactive microglia but not in GFAP-positive astrocytes using immunohistochemistry combined with in situ hybridization. Ferritin-positive reactive microglia and multinucleated giant cells were colabeled with the microglial marker, Ricinus communis agglutinin 1 (RCA-1). Howerver, RCA-1 also extensively stained resting microglia only a few of which were colabeled for ferritin. The density of ferritin-positive cells was correlated with the presence of HIV-1 RNA-positive cells in AIDS brain. Thus, ferritin immunoreactivity can be used as an activation marker of microglia in archival paraffin sections and reflects the extent of inflammation in HIV-1-infected brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227823
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuron-associated class III β-tubulin isotype, retinal S-antigen, synaptophysin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in human medulloblastomas: a clinicopathological analysis of 36 cases (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; Primitive neuroectodermal tumor ; Cell differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surgical specimens from 36 medulloblastomas (25 classic and 11 desmoplastic) were studied by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemistry with antibodies against the class III β-tubulin isotype (β-tubulin), synaptophysin, retinal S-antigen (S−Ag), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We found that neoplastic cells expressed β-tubulin in 91% of the tumors (23 classic and 10 desmoplastic), synaptophysin in 75% (19 classic and 8 desmoplastic), S−Ag in 44% (11 classic and 5 desmoplastic), and GFAP in 11% of medulloblastomas (2 classic and 2 desmoplastic). Synaptophysin and β-tubulin positivities were observed in undifferentiated neoplastic cells, in cells forming neuroplastic rosettes, and in pale islands, while S−Ag immunopositivity was noted in undifferentiated cells, occasionally in β-tubulin-negative neuroblastic rosettes, and exceptionally in pale islands. Large pale islands, in two desmoplastic medulloblastomas, exhibited distinct patterns of immunoreactivity to the above markers, suggesting neuronal and glial differentiation in the central area, and intense neuritic development in the peripheral zone. Our findings confirm the predominant capacity of medulloblastoma cells to differentiate along neuronal cell lines and indicate that large pale islands, in desmoplastic medulloblastomas, represent well-organized areas for neuronal and, to a lesser degree, astroglial differentiation. Furthermore, it appears, in our cases, that immunohistochemical features do not represent clear-cut prognostic indicators in patients with medulloblastomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227661
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    αB-Crystallin is present in reactive glia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 324-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: αB-Crystallin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Reactive astrocytes ; Creutzteldt-Jakob disease ; Prion disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary α-Crystallin is a major eye lens protein, composed of two types of subunits, αA and αB. The αA subunit is restricted to the lens, but αB-crystallin has recently also been detected in non-lenticular tissues, including the nervous system. With the use of a polyclonal antiserum directed against a synthetic C-terminal peptide of human αB-crystallin, the presence of αB-crystallin could be demonstrated immunohistochemically in astrocytes in the brains of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Most intensive localization was observed in the spongiotic tissue representing abundant progressively changed astrocytes in CJD. In agematched control brains weak positive reaction was located in individual oligodendroglia cells and subpial astrocytes. Prominent increase of αB-crystallin in pathological glia in CJD may represent a response to stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296796
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The growth of two murine hemangioendotheliomas intracranially, subcutaneously, and in culture, and their comparison with human cerebellar hemangioblastomas: morphological and immunohistochemical studies (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 67-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hemangioendothelioma ; Endothelial cells ; Matrix culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two thorium dioxide-induced murine hemangioendotheliomas, 42021 TCT and 44347 TST, were grown subcutaneously (for up to 22 and 15 passages respectively) or intracranially (single passage) and were adapted to culture as a monolayer and, in a limited fashion, in an organ culture system or in rotary suspension. They remained viable and malignant following 20–21 years of storage in liquid nitrogen, and had ultrastructural similarities to human hemangioblastomas. The murine tumors were positive for Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicofolia isolectin B4 binding, establishing their endothelial nature; however, unlike human hemangioblastic tumors, they did not cross-react with antisera to human factor VIII or fibronectin and they did not demonstrate Ulex europaeus type I lectin (UEA I) binding (as is also the case for non-neoplastic murine vascular endothelial cells). A variety of morphological cell types in cultures derived from the tumors were also positive for Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin B4 binding. Both murine hemangioendotheliomas, when implanted in the cerebrum, were potent inducers of reactive gliosis, but there was no evidence of uptake of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Unlike the human cerebellar hemangioblastomas, murine tumors were malignant and invasive and did not contain stromal cells, nor did they demonstrate Weibel-Palade bodies or extensive pinocytotic activity. Thus, the murine tumors appear to more closely resemble angiosarcomas or epitheloid hemangioblastomas than the cerebellar hemangioblastomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427217
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal uptake of plasma proteins in brain contusions (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 234-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral contusions ; Plasma proteins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-five cases of cerebral contusions of varions age were examined immunohistochemically for neuronal uptake of albumin and fibrinogen. The neurons in the damaged areas were heavily stained in all cases, even in those of only a few minutes' survival, and they remained positive for serum proteins until they disappeared from the lesions. In hematoxylin and eosinstained sections, neuronal changes were observed from the first minutes after the lesion but they were indistinguishable from the shrunken “dark” neurons that occur as artifacts in poorly fixed material. However, in contrast to the artificially changed cells, the truely damaged ones took up serum proteins. It is concluded that staining with antisera against serum proteins may serve as early markers for neuronal injury before reliable histological changes have developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227814
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaplastic large cell ki-1 lymphoma in the central nervous system: Report of an autopsy case (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 577-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ki-1 lymphoma ; Lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 45-year old immunocompetent man presented with multiple lesions in the brain. A histological examination of the tumors showed a diffuse infiltrate of lymphoid cells with cellular polymorphism and of multinucleated giant cells. These cells were immunolabeled with antibodies against B cell lineage and with a monoclonal antibody, Ber-H2 (CD30), which showed the presence of Ki-1 antigen. Recently, among systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, attention has been given to Ki-1-positive lymphomas, which have been incorporated in the up-dated Kiel classification. We report here a case of Ki-1-positive lymphoma arising in the CNS and review previously reported cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304479
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential distribution of 68 Kd and 200 Kd neurofilament proteins in the gerbil hippocampus and their early distributional changes following transient forebrain ischemia (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 89 (1992), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Delayed neuronal death ; Neurofilament ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of neurofilament (NF) proteins was studied immunohistochemically in the gerbil hippocampus with antibodies against NF68 (68 Kd molecular weight) and NF200 proteins, and changes in the distribution of NF proteins after transient ischemia were observed in order to investigate the temporal correlation between NF and delayed neuronal death. In the normal hippocampus, NF68-like immunoreactivity (NF68-LI) was densely distributed in nerve processes in CA2, CA3 and the hilus of the dentate gyrus but was less intense in CA1. In contrast, processes with NF200-LI appeared to be evenly distributed in CA1, CA2, CA3 and the dentate gyrus. Mongolian gerbils were subjected to transient ischemia for 5 min by bilateral carotid occlusion and subjected to immunohistochemistry 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after ischemia. Following transient ischemia, prior to neuronal cell death, the intensity of both NF68-LI and NF200-LI decreased in the whole hippocampal formation. This decrease was more obvious in the case of NF68-LI than NF200-LI. Four days after ischemia, when neuronal death of CA1 pyramidal cells had occurred, processes in CA1, particularly 68 Kd components, showed marked decreases in number and staining intensity, although processes in most layers of CA2, CA3 and the dentate gyrus appeared to be stained similarly to normal brain. Since NF68 protein is considered to be the major component of NF proteins and NF200 is an associated accessory protein, the current observations suggest that the poor distribution of NF68 in CA1 and the early loss of NF proteins may be closely related to selective vulnerability of CA1 pyramidal cells and delayed neuronal death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228998
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphoadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease). Clinico-pathological analysis of a paediatric case (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 672-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphoadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies performed in only a few cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphoadenopathy (SHML) indicated that SHML cells belong to themacrophage — histiocyte system, though their exact origin is still uncertain. We analyzed the morphological, antigenic and enzymatic characteristics of the histiocyte-like cells in one paediatric case of SHML (also named Rosai-Dorfman disease). The SHML cells expressed the S-100 protein, lectins concanavalin A, peanut agglutinin andmonocyte-macrophage related antigens CD 11c, CD 14, CD 33, CD 68 and LN 5. Reactivity with other anti-macrophage antibodies (MAC 387, lysozyme, alpha-1 anti-chymotrypsin) was variable. The CD1a antigen was present only in scattered cells, whereas HLA-DR and the HLA-DR associated invariant chain were absent. Cytochemistry demonstrated an intense activity of acid phosphatase and non specific esterase of SHML cells. A large amount of medium sized mononuclear cells were located in the sinuses and intersinusoidal tissue. Our findings suggest that SHML cells have intermediate features between phagocytes and Langerhans cells/interdigitating reticulum cells. The heterogeneity of marker expression on SHML cells might be related to the local content of factors (e.g., cytokines), capable of modulating the phenotype of monocyted and derived cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957571
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    Electronic Resource
    Leiomyosarcomas in children: clinical and pathologic characteristics (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 7 (1992), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma ; Children ; Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathologic diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are extremely rare in children, accounting for only 2% of their soft-tissue sarcomas [11]. We report our experience with nine children treated for LMS between 1962 and 1990. Their ages at diagnosis ranged from 1 day to 17 years (median 5 years); six were female and eight were Caucasian. Five tumors were stromal sarcomas originating in the gut (ileum 2, stomach 1, jejunum, sigmoid 1). Three were intra-abdominal tumors that originated in the retroperitoneum (2) and abdominal wall (1). In one patient the tumor appeared in the subcutis of the thigh. Operations were uniformly performed, resulting in complete resection of the tumor in six of nine cases. Five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and one received radiation therapy only. Five patients were alive 6–38 months (median 16 months) after diagnosis. The remaining four died of their disease 4–27 months after diagnosis, three of locally recurrent disease and one of hepatic metastasis. Four of the six patients with complete resection were alive 6–27 months after diagnosis. Both patients with low-grade (grade I) sarcomas had complete resections and were alive 33–38 months after diagnosis. Clinical outcome correlated roughly with the mitotic rate of the tumors, as all three patients with mitotic count 〉5/10 high power fields (HPF) died between 4 and 14 months after diagnosis. Immunohistochemical stains using the avidin-biotin-complex procedure on formalin-fixed tissue were performed for six tumors. Only muscle-specific actin (MSA) was uniformly positive (6/6). The other significant marker was desmin, which was positive in three tumors. Favorable outcome of LMS in children correlates best with low mitotic counts (〈5/10 HPF), low tumor grade, and complete surgical excision. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests that these tumors are of myogenic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183916
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary thymic carcinoid with Cushing's syndrome (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thymic carcinoid ; Cushing's syndrome ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a 52-year-old Caucasian man osteopoikilosis had been misdiagnosed roentgenologically 2 years before his death. Gradually he developed Cushing's syndrome and ultimately superior vena caval obstruction. At autopsy a primary thymic carcinoid with extensive osteoblastic bone metastasis was found. Immunohistochemically the tumor was shown to be positive for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cytokeratin (KL1), neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin and glucagon. Remarkably the tumour was negative for serotonin despite high urinary hydroxyindolacetic acid levels. Bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex was found. The adenohypophysis showed a considerable reduction of ACTH-producing cells and numerous Crooke's cells with a characteristic immunohistochemical pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358812
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Expression of adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor, a human thioredoxin homologue, in the human ovary throughout the menstrual cycle (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor ; Thioredoxin ; Human ovary ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study of the expression of adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor (ADF), a human thioredoxin homologue, was performed in the normal human ovary throughout the menstrual cycle. Primordial follicles were negative for ADF. Both granulosa cells and theca interna cells at the stages of preantral and antral follicles contained ADF. The staining intensity of these cells was very strong in the preovulatory dominant follicle. After ovulation, both granulo-lutein and theca-lutein cells were positive for ADF. During pregnancy, the theca-lutein cells revealed very intense ADF staining. The theca interna cells of the atretic follicles showed ADF staining, while the granulosa cells of such follicles did not. These results suggest that ADF localizes in the ovarian steroidogenic cells which have the binding sites of either luteinizing hormone or folliclestimulating hormone, and that ADF expression is closely associated with the activity of the ovarian steroidogenic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600273
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granular cell tumour of the breast (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Granular cell tumour ; Mammography ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight cases of benign granular cell tumour of the breast are reported. Seven patients were women and one was male. The age at the time of the excision ranged from 17 to 73 (average 40.1) years. All tumours were positive for S-100 protein and negative for keratin, myoglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein. In two cases ultrastructural studies revealed findings identical to those in the previously reported cases of granular cell tumours. None of these cases were diagnosed preoperatively. In six cases the clinical and mammographic findings, and in one case the frozen section, led to an erroneous diagnosis of malignancy. The clinico-pathological features of the cases are delineated in order to draw attention to a benign condition which closely simulates malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600274
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    Electronic Resource
    Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the uterus: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant rhabdoid tumour ; Uterus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Malignant rhabdoid tumours (MRTs) are highly aggressive neoplasms which most frequently occur in the kidney of young children. Several cases of primary MRT occurring in extra-renal sites have been reported, particularly in the soft tissues. We report a case of primary MRT of the uterus, a very rare site for this neoplasm, with morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features corresponding to restrictive morphological criteria for MRT. The possible differential diagnoses were considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600519
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smooth muscle contraction bands in intestinal infarction (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Contraction bands ; Smooth muscle ; Intestinal infarction ; Ischaemic damage ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied microscopic sections of 24 cases of intestinal infarction looking for contraction bands (CB) in the muscularis propria of the bowel wall. Controls were 11 surgical and 11 autopsy cases from patients who did not suffer any form of ischaemic disease. The difference of CB frequency was significant (P〈0.001) in infarction versus the surgical control group. Moreover, within the study group the CB frequency was also related to the severity of the ischaemic lesion (P〈0.01). With immunostaining, CB were not reactive with antibodies against vimentin, desmin, actin or myosin. We propose that CB genesis in intestinal smooth muscle is related to hypoxia, possibly through altered homeostasis of calcium and catecholamine metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605980
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular permeability changes in tumours of the peripheral nervous system (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Peripheral nervous system tumours ; Vascular permeability ; Serum proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofibromatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vascular permeability changes were examined in 34 tumours of the peripheral nervous system by immunohistochemical demonstration of serum proteins as endogenous tracers. The blood-tumour barrier was impaired in the reticular (Antoni type B) portions of neurinomas (Schwannomas) and in cutaneous neurofibromas but was similar to the normal blood-nerve barrier in fibrillary (Antoni type A) neurinomas, in most neurofibromas, in ganglioneuromas and in anaplastic tumours. These differences in permeability are discussed in relation to aspects of pathological tumour vascularization, the histogenesis of microcystic changes, and systemic therapeutic approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605985
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoskeletal filaments in the smooth muscle cells of uterine leiomyomata and myometrium: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Leiomyoma ; Myometrium ; Cytoskeleton ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The filamentous components of the cytoskeleton in smooth muscle cells of leiomyomata and normal myometrium were studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Fourteen patients hysterectomised for non-malignant disease provided leiomyomata of conventional histological type and histologically normal myometrium: four samples of fetal myometrium were studied by immunohistochemistry alone. All samples of leiomyoma and myometrium were strongly positive for α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, the latter often as paranuclear columns or granules. Vimentin was also stained in most samples but less intensely, while cytokeratin stained in about half the samples with an intensity comparable to that of vimentin. By electron microscopy, myofilaments with focal densities were abundant in both normal myometrium and leiomyomata. Intermediate filaments corresponding to the desmin and vimentin demonstrated by immunohistochemistry were also recognised in a variety of architectural arrangements. At one extreme, comparatively small numbers of filaments were loosely distributed around membranous organelles; at the other, filaments formed conspicuous aggregates, largely excluding other organelles and corresponding to the paranuclear granules seen by immunohistochemistry. A comparison of these findings with those of the literature and comments on the possible significance and origin of these aggregates are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605984
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanoma-associated antigens in tumours of the nervous system: an immunohistochemical study with the monoclonal antibody HMB-45 (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tumours of the nervous system ; Non-melanotic tumours ; HMB-45 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the commercially available, monoclonal anti-melanoma antibody HMB-45 in brain tumours and peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Hence, a series of 155 different non-melanotic tumours of the central and peripheral nervous system were examined immunohistochemically. The brain lesions consisted of primary tumours and metastases from various carcinomas. Twenty melanotic tumours (cerebral metastases of malignant melanomas, meningeal melanomatosis, meningeal melanocytomas) and dermal blue cell naevi served as controls. All melanotic tumours stained positive. Furthermore, a positive immunohistochemical reaction was observed in the following non-melanotic tumours: gliosarcomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, ependymoma, malignant schwannomas and different intracranial hamartomas. Two plasmocytomas and 4 metastatic carcinomas also revealed positive staining for HMB-45. Our results confirm the necessity for cautious interpretation of HMB-45 immunoreactivity as a tool in the immunohistochemical characterization of nervous system tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358802
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma of the intestinal tract: histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examinations (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma ; Intestinal tract ; Dedifferentiated element ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma of the small and large bowel are presented with histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination. One case arose in the jejunum, two in the ileum, and the other three in the large intestine. The tumours were submucosal in four cases with large areas of ulceration; two were polypoid. Four tumours showed typical leiomyosarcomatous appearance with dedifferentiated components and two were typical leiomyosarcomas at the primary site with differentiated components only in metastatic foci. By immunohistochemistry, typical leiomyosarcomatous areas showed a positive reaction for muscle-specific actin (MSA), MB1, MB2 and myosin. In contrast, desmin-positive cells were scattered throughout the tumour or were not present. Tumour cells in dedifferentiated components were positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in all cases but one; neuron specific enolase, MB1, MB2 and myosin were positive with variety. MSA was faintly positive in only a few tumour cells of two cases and desmin was not detected in any of the cases studied. Ultrastructurally, tumour cells in typical leiomyosarcomatous areas demonstrated evident smooth muscle features, although in dedifferentiated areas they lacked such features except in one case. Our results indicate that dedifferentiated elements may derive from ordinary leiomyosarcoma and loose muscle features due to dedifferentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600210
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytic tumours is specifically associated with glioblastoma multiforme (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Glioblastoma multiforme ; Oncogenes ; Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidermal growth factor and its receptor (EGFR) constitute an important and well-characterized mitogenic system in various ectodermal tissues including glial cells. Over-expression of the EGFR due to gene amplification has been reported in primary brain tumours of glial origin. Using a monoclonal antibody to the EGFR and immunohistochemical analysis, we examined the expression and distribution of EGFR in 103 astrocytic tumours. In addition, selected tumours were studied by Western blotting using a polyclonal antibody to EGFR and by Southern blot analysis. Glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) showed EGFR expression in 37% of cases, whereas pilocytic (WHO grade I), low-grade (WHO grade II) or anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) were invariably EGFR negative. Generally, there was a close correlation between the presence of EGFR gene amplification and over-expression of receptor protein. Different patterns of immunoreactive cells and significant intratumour heterogeneity of EGFR expression were observed in glioblastomas. The specific association of EGFR over-expression with glioblastoma may provide a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600211
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Megalomastia: histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Megalomastia ; Lobular destruction ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Megalomastia is a rare entity characterized by an uncommon enlargement of both breasts. Unilateral megalomastia is extremely rare. The purpose of this study was to collect information concerning the history of patients with this condition and to investigate its histology in order to outline the profile of this peculiar entity. Fifty cases of megalomastia were studied. In 41 data concerning the history of the patients was complete; there were 32 juvenile, 7 gravid and 2 adult type cases. All three unilateral megalomastias were in the juvenile group. A family history of megalomastia was frequently present; gravid megalomastia was more closely connected with a maternal familial history. A case of simultaneous megalomastia in monozygotic twins is included. The final size achieved by the breasts was independent of the type of megalomastia, the rapidity of breast development and the body weight of the patients. It was greater in breasts containing abundant adipose tissue and less in fibrous breasts. In all cases of megalomastia associated with pregnancy the breasts had lost the ability to produce milk. The main histological feature in all cases was severe damage and destruction of the lobular units associated with extensive fibrosis. In some breasts of all three types of megalomastia ramified new ducts named “juvenile units” had developed and had proceeded to atrophy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the epithelium of these units was negative for oestrogen and positive to progesterone receptors. A biphasic pathological appearance, consisting of atrophic lobular units and “juvenile units”, is diagnostic of megalomastia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600213
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in malignant and pre-malignant lesions of epithelial origin in the oral cavity and the skin: an immunohistochemical study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Cancer ; Oral pre-cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and immunohistochemical detection of the protein represents a useful marker for the proliferating fraction of cells in tissue specimens. A series of malignant and pre-malignant lesions of the oral cavity and skin were evaluated by the streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method for detection of this protein. Monoclonal anti-PCNA antibody (PC 10) labelled proliferating cells in all cases with varying intensity of nuclear staining. In squamous cell carcinoma (n=48), PCNA positivity correlated with the differentiation and atypia of the tumour cells; however, in poorly differentiated tumours, the relationship between PCNA expression and proliferation was lost. Basal cell carcinoma showed an increased growth fraction in tiny epithelial nests (mean 43.8, SD 6.0,n=20) than in neoplastic basal cells (mean 30.1, SD 6.9,n=8). The growth fractions were significantly higher in the pre-malignant lesions (leukoplakia, mean 22.3, SD 7.7,n=14; Bowen's disease, mean 45.2, SD 11.7,n=12; senile keratosis, mean 41.2, SD 7.0,n=12) than in the normal mucosa (mean 9.8, SD 4.9,n=10), suggesting that cellular growth fractions correlate with the degree of dysplasia in pre-malignant lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600508
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Usefulness of a novel monoclonal antibody against human osteocalcin in immunohistochemical diagnosis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human osteocalcin ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A novel monoclonal antibody against human osteocalcin, recently established in our laboratory, was shown by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to react specifically with human osteoblasts. In the present study, the antibody was applied to the immunohistochemical diagnosis of human bone tumours, especially osteoblastic tumours. The antibody reacted with all 27 osteosarcomas. No positive reaction was found either in chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumours of bone, soft tissue tumours or epithelial tumours. A positive reaction was found preferentially in the cytoplasm of most of the osteosarcoma cells, but not in the extracellular matrix. Since the antibody reacted with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, it will be a useful tool for routine immunohistochemical diagnosis of osteoblastic lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600255
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basement membrane proteins in salivary gland tumours (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Basement membrane proteins ; Type IV collagen ; Laminin ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of type IV collagen and laminin in normal salivary glands and in salivary gland tumours of various types was studied using rabbit antisera. In normal salivary glands, type IV collagen and laminin were co-localized in basement membranes surrounding acini, ducts, fat cells and peripheral nerves. In salivary gland tumours, three main patterns of co-expression of these basement membrane proteins were distinguished. Linear basement membrane-like staining was detected in duct-cell-derived benign salivary gland tumours and in acinic cell carcinomas. In invasive lesions, however, these basement membrane proteins were distributed in an irregular, interrupted manner, and in many cases they were completely absent. Both benign and malignant salivary gland tumours which have a prominent myoepithelial cell component display a particular deposition of basement membrane molecules adjacent to the modified myoepithelial cells, and at the margins of extracellular matrix deposits within these tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600514
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product and nuclear DNA content in benign and malignant human breast parenchyma (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oncogene ; Breast neoplasm ; Image analysis ; DNA content ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product was investigated immunohistochemically in 474 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human breast tissue samples. The series included 32 benign and 26 hyperplastic lesions, 32 carcinomas in situ and 384 invasive breast carcinomas, 107 of which were less than 1 cm in diameter. Cytometric DNA assessments were performed on histopathologically or cytodiagnostically identified cell nuclei, using image analysis. C-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was not seen in normal parenchyma or in benign and hyperplastic lesions. Mammary carcinomas in situ were more frequently immunoreactive (59%) than invasive neoplasms (23%). Invasive tumours more than 1 cm in diameter immunoreacted more often (26%) than small invasive carcinomas (16%). C-erbB-2 expression in regional lymph node metastases was the same as in the corresponding primary tumours. Significant differences were observed between the c-erbB-2 expression in DNA diploid and aneuploid lesions; for carcinomas in situ the figures were 40% and 72%, respectively. Invasive carcinomas of DNA diploid type rarely showed c-erb-B-2 expression, irrespective of tumour size and nodal status (7–11%). DNA aneuploid tumours were more frequently immunoreactive with increasing levels during progression (32–41%). Our data indicate that genetically stable invasive mammary tumours seem rarely to express the c-erbB-2 protein, even during progression, whereas genetically unstable invasive neoplasms frequently show c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity which increases during tumour progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600515
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant paraganglioma of the uterus (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Uterus ; Paraganglioma ; Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a malignant uterine paraganglioma in a 40-year-old female, who died 7 months after the initial diagnosis. On light microscopy the tumour showed a typicalzellballen pattern as well as a pronounced cellular pleomorphism. In many tumour cells hyaline globules were demonstrated within the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically the lesion was characterized by the presence of neuron-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5 and synaptophysin, and electron microscopically by the occurrence of neurosecretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600518
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraffin section immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large cell (CD30+) lymphomas (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hodgkin's disease ; Anaplastic large cell lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ immunophenotyping ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological and immunohistological studies were carried out on a series of 137 lymphomas including CD30+ anaplastic large cell (ALC) lymphomas (48 cases) and non-lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (HD) (89 cases), with the aim of assessing in situ expression of a combination of antibodies including anti-CD30/BerH2, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CD15 and CD45, in addition to other monoclonal antibodies suitable for paraffin tissues. A greater proportion of cases of ALC lymphomas than of HD exhibited positivity for CD45 (91.7% vs 17.6%), EMA (56.2% vs 4.5%), CD43 (53.6% vs 13.1%) and CD45RO (39.5% vs 3.5%), whereas Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in HD most frequently expressed CD15 (93.2% vs 20.8%) antigen. Moreover, in 35 of 48 (72.9%) ALC lymphomas tumour cells expressed the CD30+, CD45+, CD15−, EMA− or+ phenotypic profile, while in the same percentage (62/ 85) of HD cases RS cells were found to express the CD30+, CD45−, CD15+, EMA− profile. This study suggests that the differential expression of CD45, EMA, and CD15 may be used in the separation of ALC lymphomas and HD. However, co-expression of CD30, CD45 and CD15 antigens by RS cells in HD (14/85 cases, 16.5% in this series) and by tumour cells in ALC lymphomas (9/48 cases, 18.7% in this series) may be encountered in a non-negligible fraction of cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600258
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related immunoreactivity pattern in medulloblastoma (1992)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 8 (1992), S. 326-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Medulloblastomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytokeratins ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-five paraffin-embedded medulloblastomas (19 from children and 16 from adults; 24 classic medulloblastomas, 10 desmoplastic medulloblastomas, 1 tumor with neuronal differentiation) were examined for reactions with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cytokeratins KL1 and MNF116, desmin, and vimentin. Only the tumor from the youngest patient, a 152-day-old boy, showed a positive immunoreaction for cytokeratins. Because of this age-related expression of cytokeratins in medulloblastomas primarily in very young children, cytokeratin positivity was interpreted as a sign of tumor immaturity. Five medulloblastomas showed scattered GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes and/or other positive, probably neoplastic, cells. Only two tumors showed GFAP immunoreactivity in unequivocally neoplastic cells. Of six tumors that reacted with vimentin, three showed strong reactivity throughout, one being the tumor from the 152-day-old boy. The remaining three demonstrated nests of vimentin-positive cells with weak or intense somatic immunoreactivity for vimentin. None of the 35 cases showed positivity for desmin, indicating that mesenchymal differentiation is restricted to the rare so-called medullomyoblastomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296563
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage from an unsuspected ependymoin early infancy (1992)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 8 (1992), S. 357-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Congenital brain tumor ; Ependymoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intant brain tumor ; Intracerebral hemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage from an occipital ependymoma grade 2 in a 3-month-old boy is reported. The infant died 3 days after surgery. The clinical and pathomorphological characteristics are described. Despite the usually rich vascularization of these tumors, hemorrhages from inracranial ependymomas are relatively uncommon. The different forms and probable cause of bleedings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296570
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A re-evaluation of the classification of olfactory epithelia in patients with olfactory disorders (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 393-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Olfactory epithelia ; Olfactory disorder ; Immunohistochemistry ; Classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have previously demonstrated that human olfactory epithelia can be classified into five grades according to the degree of degeneration present in patients with various kinds of olfactory disorders. In practice, however, the occurrence of additional types of cell changes in other kinds of olfactory disorders and findings with immunohistochemical techniques have led us to re-evaluate our previous classification. In the present study, changes in olfactory epithelia from ten patients with various kinds of olfactory disorders are discussed and a revised classification is proposed. Microvillar and differentiating cells were also evaluated in the epithelium studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192261
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte subsets infiltrating gastric carcinoma after mitomycin C administration (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 35 (1992), S. 297-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocyte subsets ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ; Mitomycin C ; Gastric carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intensity of lymphoid cell infiltration and distribution of lymphocyte subsets in tumors were investigated immunohistochemically on tumor tissues obtained from 11 patients with gastric carcinoma, who had been treated with mitomycin C (MMC), 12 mg/m2, i.v. 5 days before operation. The results were compared with those obtained from 24 untreated patients as controls. In the tumor tissues from pretreated patients, the intensity of lymphoid infiltration was not significantly different from that of untreated patients. However, high-grade infiltration of CD4+ cells was observed in 55% of pretreated patients, whereas only 8% of control patients exhibited the high-grade infiltration (P 〈0.02). Since the CD8+ cell infiltration was not significantly altered, the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells was more frequently estimated to be more than 1 in patients pretreated with MMC, as compared to untreated controls (P 〈0.02). Further, CD25+ cells in pretreated tumor tissues were more predominant than those in control tumor tissues (P 〈0.05). These results suggest that MMC administration induces these alterations in lymphocyte subsets in tumor tissue in patients with gastric carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01741141
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    MPTP induced hemiparkinsonism in monkeys: behavioral, mechanographic, electromyographic and immunohistochemical studies (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 90 (1992), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hemiparkinsonism ; MPTP ; Dopaminergic neurons ; Mechanographic electromyographic studies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP) into the right internal carotid artery of Macaca mulatta, monkeys resulted in akinesia and rigidity of the contralateral limb. The immunohistochemical study revealed a dramatic reduction in the number of TH-immunoreactive cells in the substantia nigra of the infused side (70–81%). After unilateral MPTP-treatment movement parameters and EMG activity were altered; the agonist muscle developed increased EMG activity associated with a shift of antagonist muscle activity. These results confirm that hemiparkinsonian monkeys are a valuable model of parkinsonism which can be useful in studies of movement disorder physiology and therapy of Parkinson's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229262
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Intrastriatal dopamine-rich grafts induce a hyperexpression of Fos protein when challenged with amphetamine (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 91 (1992), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dopamine-rich transplants ; Fos protein ; Nigrostriatal system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present experiment was to characterize the effect of intrastriatal grafts of embryonic dopaminergic neurones on the expression of Fos protein in the striatum when challenged with amphetamine. Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway were made in adult rats and grafting was performed 3 weeks later. The numbers of Fos-positive nuclei in the ipsi- and contralateral striata were counted on coronal sections following immunohistochemical staining 5 months after grafting. Administration of d-amphetamine induced an increase in the density of Fospositive nuclei in the intact striatum. This stimulatory effect of amphetamine on c-fos expression was blocked by 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide lesions and was restored in the striata bearing transplants. However, an overshoot was observed as the density of Fos-positive cells within the grafted striatum was larger than that observed within the intact striatum. This hyperexpression of Fos-positive nuclei was correlated with the exaggerated compensation of amphetamine-induced rotation in the same animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231653
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    Calretinin immunoreactivity in chinchilla and guinea pig vestibular end organs characterizes the calyx unit subpopulation (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 89 (1992), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibule ; Calretinin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vestibular primary neuron ; Mammalian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical investigations with calretinin, a neuronal calcium binding protein, were made in the vestibular end organs of five guinea pigs and one chinchilla. A specific pattern of immunoreactivity of afferent nerve fibers was found. Immunostaining was restricted to thick fibers innervating the apex of the cristae or the striola of the utricular macula. A study of serial sections revealed that the stained afferents gave rise to calyx endings, but not to collaterals containing bouton endings. The results are consistent with the conclusion that, of the three classes of fibers defined by Fernendez et al. (1988, 1990), only calyx units are calretinin immunoreactive. A count of the number of labelled fibers in the chinchilla crista suggests that the entire population of calyx units is immunoreactive. The conclusion is surprising since the physiology of calyx units does not differ qualitatively from that of other afferents (Baird et al. 1988; Goldberg et al. 1990). The presence of this protein in the calyx neurons may be related to specific postsynaptic functions of this type of afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229006
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    Tenascin in salivary gland tumours (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tenascin ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of tenascin immunoreactivity was analysed in salivary gland tissue and in various benign and malignant tumours of the salivary gland. In the non-neoplastic tissue, tenascin was seen in the areas of basement membranes of the ductal epithelium. No immunoreactivity could be observed in the serous or mucous glands. In pleomorphic adenomas, tenascin immunoreactivity could be seen in the stromal compartment. It was more pronounced in the dense stromal areas and chondroid elements than in the myxoid area. In Warthin's tumours, strong tenascin immunoreactivity could be observed in the basement membrane zone of the epithelial component. In the lymphatic component, faint reticular staining could be seen. In adenoid cystic carcinomas, acinic cell tumours and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, tenascin showed a linear stromal distribution. No intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity could be seen in any of the cases. The widespread tenascin positivity in salivary gland tumours suggests that tenascin may play a role in the induction and progression of salivary gland tumours, presumably by interfering with the normal parenchymal-mesenchymal interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611178
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  • 60
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    Immunohistology of islet amyloid polypeptide in diabetes mellitus: Semi-qantitative studies in a post-mortem series (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Islet amyloid ; Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the islets of Langerhans of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients of a non-selected post-mortem series was studied with a new polyclonal IAPP antibody. Out of 133 patients examined, 124 exhibited immunoreactivity for IAPP. Immunoreactivity was localized intra- and extracellularly and was limited to the islets of Langerhans. No extracellular immunoreactivity was observed in amyloid-negative cases. Co-localization of insulin and IAPP in the same islet-cells was verified by double staining with monoclonal insulin and polyclonal IAPP antibodies. Of 100 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and islet amyloid, 98 exhibited IAPP-positive deposits and 71 exhibited intracellular immunoreactivity. Evaluation of intracellular immunoreactivity and degree of islet amyloid deposition in cases of overt NIDDM revealed an inverse relationship, in that intracellular IAPP immunoreactivity were reduced in patients with developing islet amyloid deposition. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis of primaryβ-cell dysfunction leading to amyloid formation, with subsequent disturbance ofβ-cell homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660981
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  • 61
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    Multicystic mesothelial proliferation (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multicystic mesothelial proliferation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; DNA analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the clinicopathological findings in five cases of multicystic mesothelial proliferation (MMP). All masses consisted of multiloculated cysts attached to pelvic organs and sometimes growing into the upper abdominal cavity. The cystic spaces were lined by flattened or cuboidal cells. The stroma showed fibrosis, oedema and chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positive staining for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and focal positivity for vimentin and carcinoembryonic antigen. The endothelial markers were negative. Electron microscopy showed abundant surface microvilli and well-developed basal lamina. DNA analysis identified euploid cell populations in all cases. All but one case had a previous history of abdominal surgery. Despite the worrying appearance the clinical outcome was favourable in all cases; there was one recurrence. Clinical and pathological data support the hypothesis that MMP represent a reactive mesothelial proliferation and not a neoplastic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606909
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  • 62
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    Epithelioid sarcoma: An electron-microscopic, immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 401-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Epithelioid sarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytokeratin ; DNA flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight epithelioid sarcomas (ES) were studied by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and DNA flow cytometry. Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells showed desmosome-like intercellular junctions and numerous microvilli, in addition to whorled arrangements of intermediate filaments. Tumour cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and vimentin, and negative for carcinoembryonic antigen and desmin. All seven cases examined by flow cytometry showed diploid or hyperploid (near diploid) DNA content. This seems to correspond to the relatively long clinical course and low-grade malignant nature of ES. Although the histogenesis of ES is still uncertain, the results of this study suggest that it is a tumour of primitive mesenchymal cells with the capacity to show epithelial differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606912
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  • 63
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    Carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder: A distinct variant characterized by small cell undifferentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine features (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Urinary bladder ; Carcinosarcoma ; Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma ; Neuroendocrine differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinicopathological features of two carcinosarcomas of the urinary bladder are reported. The tumours occurred in a 64- and a 66-year-old patient presenting with haematuria and both were polypoid. The epithelial component was consistent with small cell undifferentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, whereas the sarcomatous component did not display specific features. The carcinomatous component showed immunohistochemical reactivity for different epithelial markers as well as for chromogranin and neuron specific enolase. Conversely, the sarcomatous cells stained strongly for vimentin and in one case for muscle actin and smooth muscle actin. The differential diagnosis of biphasic tumours of the bladder is discussed and the literature reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606876
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  • 64
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    Expression of transforming growth factor alpha in human tissues: Immunohistochemical study and Northern blot analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 513-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Transforming growth factor-α ; Human tissues ; Immunohistochemistry ; Northern blotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) was examined in various human tissues and the fetus, using immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analysis. TGF-α immunoreactivity was detected mainly in the epithelial cells of the digestive tract, liver, pancreas, kidney, thyroid, adrenal, skin, mammary gland and genital organs. In the digestive tract, epithelial cells with regenerative change or hyperplastic change showed strong immunoreactivity to TGF-α. Peripheral nerve, vessels, megakaryocytes and macrophages in the lung and spleen were also positive for TGF-α. By Northern blot analysis the expression of TGF-α mRNA was confirmed in the digestive tract, salivary gland, thyroid, kidney and mammary gland. In the human fetus, the nerve tissues, liver, adrenal and kidney were positive for TGF-α. Strong immunoreactivity to TGF-α was observed in the hepatocytes of the fetus. These findings indicate that TGF-α is produced by a variety of nonneoplastic cells in both adult and fetal tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606881
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  • 65
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    Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase in various human tissues using novel monoclonal antibodies (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Calcium ; Adenosine triphosphatase ; Novel monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Novel monoclonal antibodies were raised against sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+)-ATPase of human skeletal muscle. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that these antibodies, designated 6F5 and 7F10, bind Ca2+-ATPase of non-muscle tissue of the adult including parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and photoreceptor cells of the retina as well as skeletal muscle. A positive reaction was also found for fetal tissues including skeletal muscle, heart, chondrocytes and peripheral nerves. Our results for distribution suggest that Ca2+-ATPase is strongly expressed in the tissues and cells in which signal transduction is actively carried out by Ca2+ release from the cytoplasmic Ca2+ pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606883
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  • 66
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    Immunohistochemical staining patterns of tenascin in invasive breast carcinomas (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tenascin ; Breast carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighty-two cases of primary invasive breast carcinoma and adjacent “normal” mammary glands were examined immunohistochemically for tenascin expression and distribution. Formalin-fixed tissues pretreated with actinase were processed by the avidin-biotin complex method using anti-human tenascin monoclonal antibody (RBC1). In normal mammary glands, tenascin was distributed around the ducts and ductules but not around the acini. In carcinomas, a high incidence of tenascin-positive cases (〉67%) was seen with various histological appearances, with the exception of lobular carcinoma where a low incidence was found (25%). Although intense staining was seen around cancerous foci when compared with normal mammary glands, tenascin was often expressed at cancer-mesenchymal junctions with dense fibrotic stroma, but not at junctions with active inflammatory change and a loose fibrotic stroma. Tenascin expression is not an all-or-none marker for mammary malignancy and the staining pattern suggests either a role in stimulating cancer cells or a host defence mechanism accompanied by a desmoplastic response to them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607139
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  • 67
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    Testicular sex cord-stromal lesions: Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin, vimentin and steroidogenic enzymes (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Testis ; Sex cord-stromal tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Steroidogenesis ; Intermediate filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied immunolocalization of all steroidogenic enzyme involved in sex steroids biosynthesis, P-450 side chain cleavage (P-450scc), 3β hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD),P-450 17α hydroxylase (P-45014α) andP-450 aromatase (P-450arom) and that of vimentin and cytokeratin in 14 cases of testicular sex cord-stromal tumours (6 Leydig cell tumours, 5 Sertoli cell tumours, 2 fibromas and 1 granulosa cell tumour) as well as 4 cases of hyperplasia (2 Leydig and 2 Sertoli). Leydig cell tumour expressed all four steroidogenic enzymes examined, indicating that this tumour can synthesize oestrogen from cholesterol. In 2 cases of Sertoli cell tumour, the tumour cells with clear cytoplasm and without Reinke's crystals expressedP-450ssc, 3β-HSD andP-45017α, suggesting the capability of androgen production in these tumour cells. Fibromas and granulosa cell tumour were negative for the enzymes examined. In immunohistochemistry of intermediate filaments, Leydig cell tumours demonstrated only vimentin. Sertoli cells in hyperplasia and non-neoplastic testis expressed only vimentin but Sertoli cell tumours expressed both cytokeratin and vimentin. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity was correlated with morphological epithelial differentiation in Sertoli cell tumour. These findings in testicular Sertoli cell tumour are considered to represent the multiple differentiation capacity of this neoplasm. Immunohisto-chemical study of steroidogenic enzymes and intermediate filaments provided new insight into neoplastic steroidogenesis and the differentiation capacity of testicular sex cordstromal neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607050
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    Small cell carcinoma of the ovary: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with a review of the literature (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Small cell carcinoma ; Ovary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Literature review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two small cell carcinomas of the ovary with a review of the literature. These cases showed a dimorphic population of small and large cells sharply demarcated from each other. Cytokeratin 18 and vimentin were mainly expressed in the large tumour cells, some of which also stained for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Periodic-acid-Schiff-positive, alpha-1-antitrypsin-positive hyaline globules were present in one case. Ultrastructural findings included filamentous nucleolonema as well as evidence of smooth muscle differentiation. Some of these observations have not been previously reported. Certain of the above features seem to support a germ cell origin of small cell carcinoma, but they cannot be considered specific for germ cell neoplasms. Thus, small cell carcinoma of the ovary cannot be classified into one of the known categories of ovarian tumours at the present time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611184
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    Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease and large cell lymphoma. Immunophenotypic characterization of a composite case (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Composite lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Composite lymphomas have rarely been reported in Hodgkin's disease (HD), except in the lymphocyte predominance sub-type, and immunohistochemical investigations have been performed in only few cases. We describe the histological and immunophenotypical findings in a case of composite nodular sclerosing HD and high-grade, large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In our case HD and NHL cells displayed striking morphological and immunophenotypical divergence, suggesting a lack of correlation between the two neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611185
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  • 70
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    Chondroblastoma of bone (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chondroblastoma ; Bone tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical and morphological findings of 53 chondroblastomas in the files of the Bone Tumour Registry of Westphalia are presented. The mean age of all patients was 19.2 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5∶1. Forty-two of the tumours (79.8%) were located in the long tubular bones and short tubular bones of the hands and were closely related to the growth plate. Six cases (11.3%) were found in the flat bones, 4 cases (7.5%) in the tarsal bones and 1 case (1.9%) in the craniofacial bones. The characteristic radiological feature of 44 investigated lesions was a mostly eccentric radiolucency with a geographic pattern of bone destruction and matrix calcifications. Periosteal reaction was evident in 9% of the cases. Most tumours demonstrate the typical morphological features of chondroblastoma, but 3 cases resembled a giant cell tumour. In 2 cases a haemangio-pericytomalike growth pattern was observed. Nine of the tumours had an aneurysmal bone cyst-like component. Vascular invasion was seen in 1 case. Immunohistochemically most cells in 30 of the cases and fetal chondroblasts in 3 cases were strongly positive with vimentin and S-100 protein. Collagen type II was positive in the chondroid matrix of the tumours and in fetal cartilage tissue; collagen type VI was present focally around individual tumour cells and was always seen in the chondroid matrix of the lesions and in fetal cartilage. These findings support the cartilaginous nature of these tumours. In paraffin sections, 46.6% of the cases revealed a distinct positive reaction of some tumour cells with the monoclonal cytokeratin antibody KL1 (molecular weight 55–57 kDa). Only 4 of them demonstrated a coexpression with the other monoclonal cytokeratin anti-body CK (clone MNF 116, molecular weight 45–56.5 kDa). In paraffin sections all fetal chondroblasts were negative with both cytokeratin antibodies. Frozen sections of 3 tumours showed a strong positive reaction with both cytokeratin antibodies in many chondroblasts, indicating an “aberrant” cytokeratin expression. Osteoclast-like giant cells stained positive with leucocyte-common antigen (LCA) and with the macrophage-associated antibody KP1, but were negative with the other macrophage-associated antibody MAC 387. Recurrence rate was 10.7%. The clinical course of all tumours was benign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660984
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    Cystatin C in the human pancreas and gut: An immunohistochemical study of normal and neoplastic tissues (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cystatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreas ; Gut ; Endocrine tumours ; Adenocarcinomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of immunoreactive cystatin C (CC) in normal and neoplastic cells of the human pancreas and gut was investigated using an indirect streptavidin-biotin method on formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Virtually all pancreatic islet cells and many neuroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract showed strong CC immunoreactivity and a granular cytoplasmic staining pattern. All 14 endocrine pancreatic tumours (insulinomas, glucagonomas, gastrinomas and non-producing tumours), as well as 16 of 17 gut carcinoid tumours, were also strongly CC immunoreactive. In addition, non-endocrine epithelial cells of pancreatic ducts and the gastrointestinal mucosa and 20 of the 24 adenocarcinomas from these sites showed weak CC immunoreactivity. Thus, CC cannot be used as a reliable immunohistochemical marker for endocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumours despite the fact that the protein is strongly expressed in a majority of such tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606878
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  • 72
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    Immunohistochemical evaluation of E-cadherin adhesion molecule expression in human gastric cancer (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; E-cadherin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cancer invasion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary E-cadherin (ECD) is one of subclasses of the cadherin family which plays a major role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesion in epithelial tissues. An immunohistochemical study of ECD expression was performed on gastric adenocarcinoma from 103 patients using our monoclonal antibody for human ECD (HECD-1). ECD was strongly expressed in normal gastric epithelium without exception; however, various staining patterns were observed in cancer tissues. The frequency of tumours with preserved ECD expression (Pre-type) and reduced ECD expression (Rd-type) was 42% and 58% respectively. Tumours with a high frequency of Rd-type expression particularly included: undifferentiated tumours (85%, 46/54), Borrmann's type 4 (90%, 9/10), tumours larger than 2.6 cm in diameter (65%, 53/81), tumours invading beyond the subserosa layer (78%, 46/59), and tumours with infiltrative growth (87%, 41/47). Furthermore, the frequency of Rd-type expression in cases with peritoneal dissemination (82%, 9/11) or lymph node metastasis (73%, 43/59) was significantly higher than that in cases without dissemination or metastasis. These results suggest that ECD might play a key role in the genesis of histological differentiation, and that the reduction of ECD expression may affect the mode of invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607048
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  • 73
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    Cell populations in the lesion of human cutaneous leishmaniasis: A light microscopical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To characterize the in situ cellular immune response in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), the authors studied frozen skin biopsies from 50 patients with LCL due toLeishmania braziliensis guyanensis. A panel of 31 monoclonal antibodies was used, which defined the number and distribution of inflammatory cell subsets. Skin inflammatory infiltrates were composed of T cells (with a local CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.05±0.7 vs 1.48±0.3 in peripheral blood), macrophages and a smaller number of B cells, natural killer cells and granulocytes. Most of the T cells expressed activation markers (interleukin-2 and transferrin receptors, HLA-DR+) and an increase in T-cell-receptorγδ expression was noted. Analysis of the CD4+ subpopulations with newly available reagents showed that helper T cells (CD4+CD45RO+) exceeded the suppressor/inducer subset (CD4+CD45RA+) by 1.4∶1. There were no differences between local immune variables from patients with primary infection (45 patients) and those with recurrence (5). In 7 patients, biopsies were analysed before and 1 month after specific treatment, and did not show significant differences except for a small increase of dermal CD1a+ (Langerhans) cells/mm2. The observed pattern of cellular skin infiltration suggests an immune-mediated tissue injury including T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in addition to direct parasitic action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611181
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  • 74
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    Localization of thromboxane synthase in human tissues by monoclonal antibody Tü 300 (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thromboxane ; Thromboxane synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mononuclear phagocyte system ; Epithelia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the monoclonal antibody Tü 300 we localized thromboxane synthase, a secondary enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade, employing the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method and indirect double labelling immunofluorescence in frozen sections of human tissues. Aside from platelets, the source of the antigen, all cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system were positive, including epithelioid cells and associated giant cells, starry sky macrophages, dendritic cells of T-cell areas, Langerhans cells and Kupffer cells. In addition, some epithelial cells such as epithelia of tonsillar crypts, reticular epithelia of the thymic cortex and ductular epithelia in liver, pancreas, female breast and salivary glands showed occasional focal reactivity for thromboxane synthase. We suggest that the mAb Tü 300 is a key marker for the macrophage system and the thromboxane generating system in normal and pathological conditions. It may detect functional activities of as yet unknown significance in some specialized epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611182
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  • 75
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    Cellular variant of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of abdominal wall — a case report with comparative immunohistochemical study on cartilaginous collagenous proteins in various myxoid mesenchymal tumors (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 118 (1992), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma ; Collagen ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare cellular variant of recurrent extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma occurring in the right lower abdominal wall of a 70-year-old man, is presented with emphasis on a characteristic distribution pattern of cartilaginous collagen proteins in the stroma. While the primary and the first recurrent tumors showed the typical histology of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, the later tumor, which recurred 14 years after the first resection, comprised mostly compact nodules of proliferating anaplastic cells with little mucoid stroma. Some areas presented a hemangiopericytomatous pattern. A few nodules possessed abundant myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemically, type II collagen was demonstrated in the stroma of some cellular areas, and type VI collagen was intensely stained around individual tumor cells both in cellular and myxoid areas. In a comparative immunohistochemical study, the same distribution pattern of cartilaginous collagen proteins was observed only in skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, but not in other mesenchymal tumors with abundant myxoid stroma. These findings seem to support the cartilaginous nature of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and will facilitate the differential diagnosis of soft-tissue tumors with myxoid stroma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187504
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    Occurrence of epidermal growth factor receptors in benign and malignant ovarian tumors and normal ovarian tissues: an immunohistochemical study (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 118 (1992), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: EGF receptors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ovarian carcinomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was studied with monoclonal antibody 2E9 on 50 ovarian tumors of various histological types and 10 non-tumorous ovarian tissues by immunohistochemistry. Enhanced expression was observed in 26/50 (52%) of the tumors. Only 25 out of 46 epithelial tumors (54%) showed positivity in epithelial tumor cells. Staining was cytoplasmic in all cases. No correlation was established between EGF-R expression and the histological type of the epithelial tumor. Apart from EGF-R expression in tumor cells, low immunoreactivity was also observed in stromal and endothelial cells in both normal and tumorous ovarian tissues. Furthermore in 8/9 specimens containing necrotic areas, EGF-R was noticed in these areas as well. Both of the latter observations may have impact on the evaluation of the prognostic value of EGF-R activity in tumors, when based on EGF-R measurements using biochemical binding studies. We therefore recommend that EGF-R is measured with both methods in studies regarding its clinical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208620
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  • 77
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    Osteofibrous dysplasia of long bones—a reactive process to adamantinomatous tissue (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 118 (1992), S. 152-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Osteofibrous dysplasia ; Adamantinoma ; Cytokeratin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The most controversial aspect of osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) is its possible histogenetic relationship to adamantinoma of long bone. Evidence is recently beginning to accumulate that OFD may be a reactive process to regressive adamantinoma. To verify the concept, 13 lesions of OFD were studied again by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins of different molecular masses, as well as by conventional stainings. In addition, 2 adamantinomas and 6 fibrous dysplasias of the tibia were studied for reference. A small number of spindle- or ovoid-shaped cells scattered individually in the fibro-osseous stroma showed positive reactions for cytokeratins of 55–57 kDa in 2 lesions, and for those of 45–56.5 kDa in 8 lesions of 13 OFDs, although no definite epithelial island could be detected even by immunohistochemistry. Adamantinomas also showed single cytokeratin-positive cells dispersed in fibroblastic stroma, in addition to epithelial islands positive for cytokeratins of both 55–57 kDa and 45–56,5 kDa. All cases of fibrous dysplasia were negative for cytokeratins. During the observation, no case of OFDs progressed to classic adamantinoma. The present study, demonstrating the existence of an intermediate stage between “differentiated adamantinoma” and total elimination of adamantinomatous components, gives further support for the concept that OFD is a secondary reactive process to adamantinomatous tissue. In practice, the existence of single scattered cytokeratin-immunoreactive cells in otherwise typical OFDs may not indicate the truly malignant behaviour of classic adamantinoma, unless discrete epithelioid cell nests are also found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187505
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of CD15 immunoreactivity and prognosis in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 118 (1992), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibody CD15 (Leu-M1) was investigated in the primary tumours, the metastases and local recurrences of 47 cases of sporadic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC). Of these tumours, 36.5% showed a varying degree of CD15 immunostaining; in 7 carcinomas the CD15 immunoreactivity was found to be significant (〉15% tumour cells positively stained). Staining of the amyloid stroma was observed in 3 tumours. Significantly higher epithelial CD15 positivity was seen more frequently in the group with larger tumours (〉4 cm) and was found exclusively in the presence of lymph node metastases. No substantial difference in the percentage of immunostained cells was seen between primary tumours and metastatic or recurrent lesions, except for two cases that revealed a significant increase in the number of CD15-immunostained cells in metastatic and recurrent lesions. Five of 7 patients with recurrences showing significant CD15 immunostaining died of cancer, while in the absence of significant CD15 staining all patients with recurrences were still alive at the conclusion of the study. The prognostic value of CD15 immunoreactivity, found by univariate analysis, becomes weaker after adjustment for the size and stage of tumour. Particularly in patients with tumour recurrences CD15 immunostaining may be of clinical relevance for the selection of patients in whom a more radical surgical approach would be justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01211810
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    The search for tumor-associated proteins in pleural effusions by means of monoclonal antibodies and a dot blot assay (1992)
    Springer
    Lung 170 (1992), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Pleural effusions ; Lung carcinoma ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Dot blot assay ; Tumor associated proteins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liquid moiety of 61 pleural effusions was tested for tumor-associated proteins (TAP) by means of a dot immunobinding (dot blot) assay (DIA) and a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Moabs). The sensitivity of the assay was checked using a purified, serially diluted carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) preparation and an anti-CEA monoclonal IgG system. The latter was examined using both DIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA solid phase assays in simulated conditions that mimicked the protein content of effusions. Finally, the results of DIA were compared to the immunohistochemistry carried out on cell sediments from the same effusions with similar Moabs. It was found that the prevalence of several TAPS, including CEA, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, tenascin, and Thomsen Friedenreich antigen, was significantly higher in the malignant effusions than in the nonmalignant ones. A total, larger than 2, of detected TAPS in a given fluid, was found almost exclusively in malignant effusions (p 〈 0.0001): The detection limit of the DIA for a CEA was determined at 5 ng/ml, while for the ELISA it was 1 ng/ml. Several TAPS, especially the CEA, could be detected in parallel tests, carried out on the liquid moiety and the cell sediments of malignant effusions. The evaluation of selected TAPS in pleural effusions by dot blot assay may be of clinical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175978
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in glioblastomas: pronounced heterogeneity and lack of prognostic significance (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 118 (1992), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glioblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to evaluate a possible significance of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as clinically useful prognostic parameter, we retrospectively investigated a series of 40 glioblastomas by means of immunohistochemistry and compared the results to patient survival. All glioblastomas included in the study had been treated by operation, radiotherapy and intraarterial ACNU [3-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea] chemotherapy. Patient survival ranged from 2 months to 42 months (mean: 14.2 months). PCNA values varied widely, ranging from 0.5% to 75% (mean: 24.9%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between PCNA index and patient survival. Our study thus indicates that the expression of PCNA appears not to be a useful prognostic parameter for glioblastoma patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208618
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of neurons in the white matter of the adult human neocortex (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 88 (1992), S. 204-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex of man ; Morphology of white matter neurons ; Subplate cells ; Golgi method ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurons in the human cerebral cortical white matter below motor, visual, auditory and prefrontal orbital areas have been studied with the Golgi method, immunohistochemistry and diaphorase histochemistry. The majority of white matter neurons are pyramidal cells displaying the typical polarized, spiny dendritic system. The morphological variety includes stellate forms as well as bipolar pyramidal cells, and the expression of a certain morphological phenotype seems to depend on the position of the neuron. Spineless nonpyramidal neurons with multipolar to bitufted dendritic fields constitute less than 10% of the nuerons stained for microtubule associated protein (MAP-2). Only 3% of the MAP-2 immunoreactive neurons display nicotine adenine dinucleotide-diaphorase activity. The white matter pyramidal neurons are arranged in radial rows continuous with the columns of layer VI neurons. Neuron density is highest below layer VI, and decreases with increasing distance from the gray matter. White matter neurons are especially abundant below the primary motor cortex, and are least frequent below the visual cortex area 17. In contrast to other mammalian species, the white matter neurons in man are not only present during development, but persist throughout life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259143
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection of acidic fibroblast growth factor in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (1992)
    Springer
    Urological research 20 (1992), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Bladder cancer ; Growth factors ; Acidic fibroblast growth factor ; Epithelial cell compartment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a regulatory peptide which, on account of its structural homologies with the products of oncogenes, is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. We previously reported the presence of aFGF in the urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). aFGF can also induce the motility of a rat-derived bladder carcinoma cell line (NBTII). This immunohistochemical study used polyclonal rabbit antibodies against acidic and basic FGF and peroxidase detection. Native NBTII nude mice xenografts and aFGF transfected NBTII (NFS14) nude mice xenografts were used as tissue controls for antibody specificity. The samples included 4 normal urothelia and 12 TCC. In addition, cytospins of 4 different tumoral cell lines of human bladder and normal bladder cells were stained. The results showed strong immunostaining in all tumoral urothelium samples using anti-aFGF and a very low amount of staining or none at all in healthy tissues. A primary analysis suggested that the strongest reaction was obtained in high-grade tumors (3 + vs + for lower-grade tumors). Using bFGF antibody, strong immunohistochemical staining was detected on basal membranes and stromal vessels and none in urothelium. These data confirm aFGF expression in the epithelial cell compartment of bladder cancer and the likely involvement of this regulatory peptide in the biology of TCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299719
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte subsets in immune-mediated otitis media with effusion (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 24-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Immune-mediated otitis media ; T-cell subsets ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine the role of T-cell subsets in immune-mediated otitis media with effusion induced by keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), we used immuno-histochemical methods to investigate the kinetics of immunocytes of the middle ear (ME) and eustachian tube (ET) in healthy BALB/c mice. Antibodies against murine macrophages and granulocytes (anti-Mac-1), helper T cells (anti-Lyt-1), suppressor T cells (anti-Lyt-2), immunoglobulins (anti-IgG, -IgM, -IgA), secretory component (SC) and KLH were used. The ME exhibited a substantial immune response, whereas the response of the ET was minor and was associated with a secondary ME immune response. After KLH challenge, an effusion with an extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells (Mac-1, IgG+ and IgM+ cells) was observed at days 1 and 3 in the ME cavity and rapidly disappeared by day 7. Within the ME mucosa, a large number of cells was observed at days 1 and 3, peaking on day 7 when a submucosal lymphoid infiltration was detected. In the immune response of the ME mucosa, Mac-1 cells were the predominant cell type followed by helper T cells, IgG+ cells, IgA+ cells and then IgM+ cells. Suppressor T cells were rarely detected after KLH challenge. SC was present within ME epithelial cells from days 1 to 14. From these findings, we conclude (1) that the majority of infiltrating cells in the ME cavity originate from circulating blood; (2) that the ME mucosa has an excellent capacity to mount a strong immune response, including mucosal immunity, through the accumulation of immunocytes for antigen processing and antibody production; (3) that elimination of antigen appears to be the most important factor for returning the immune response to a quiescent state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175666
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal growth factor receptor expression on oral mucosa dysplastic epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor receptor expression ; Normal oral mucosa ; Dysplastic epithelia ; Squamous cell carcinomas ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been determined on oral squamous cell carcinomas. Immunoreactive receptor was localized using a monoclonal anti-EGF-receptor antibody which reacts with sequences in the external domain of the receptor. Frozen sections were studied from 40 patients with squamous cell carcinomas. In 16 sections from the patients with the squamous cell carcinomas, normal differentiated oral mucosa was included and in 7 of these the patients had received preoperative radiotherapy. Sections from 6 other patients with squamous cell carcinoma contained dysplastic epithelia. EGF-receptor-positive cells were present in the basal cell layer on normal differentiated oral mucosa. In sections from patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy the EGF-receptor-positive cells were also found in the spinous cells. In dysplastic epithelia nearly all cells stained for the receptor. The distribution and staining intensity of the EGF receptor varied in the oral squamous cell carcinomas, 36 were positive. The staining pattern in the carcinomas obtained from patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy was not altered qualitatively. Nearly all poorly differentiated cells were stained, but when the tumor was moderately to well differentiated a reduction in the extent of staining in certain areas was seen, paralleling the findings observed in the differentiated upper layers of the normal oral mucosa. This was most pronounced for the epithelial pearls, where the EGF-receptor-positive cells were localized to the undifferentiated cells in the periphery. The results of the present investigation confirm the presence of the EGF receptor on undifferentiated cells, with the extent of the staining reaction on oral squamous cell carcinomas varying inversely with cellular differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714485
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Neurite regeneration in the cat recurrent laryngeal nerve: an immunohistochemical study (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 385-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Regeneration ; Recurrent laryngeal nerve ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) consists of various motor, sensory and autonomic nerve fibers, although it has not been established whether different neuronal types exhibit a similar ability to regenerate. To address this question, freezing was used to injure the cat RLN fibers and the presence or absence of immunoreactivity for neuropeptides or transmitter-synthesizing enzymes was then examined as a marker to classify the fibers. In the control RLN, calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) fibers were the highest in number and were distributed throughout the nerve fascicles. The number of substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) fibers was about 40% that of CGRP-IR fibers, while a portion of CGRP-IR fibers was found to contain SP immunoreactivity. Relatively low numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) and neuropeptide Y (NPY-IR) nerve fibers were seen which tended to form clusters. The distribution pattern of NPY-IR fibers was very similar to that of TH-IR fibers. In the regenerating RLN 1 week after the freezing injury, the fastest growing axons were CGRP-IR, while the regenerating rates of SP-IR, TH-IR and NPY-IR fibers were slower than that of CGRP-IR fibers. These results suggest that the ability for neurite regeneration varies among neuron types and that CGRP-IR fibers possess the most rapid ability to regenerate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192259
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide nerve fibers in the canine larynx (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 52-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Canine larynx ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the distribution pattern of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) nerve fibers in the laryngeal mucosa, glands and intrinsic muscles of the dog. CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were found more frequently than substance P immunoreative nerve fibers in every region of the larynx. In the epithelia, CGRP nerve fibers were mainly found in the epiglottis, arytenoid region and subglottis. Many taste buds were observed in the arytenoid region and were densely innervated by the CGRP nerve fibers. In the lamina propria, the plexus of CGRP nerve fibers was present, with some of these fibers associated with blood vessels. Laryngeal glands were also innervated by a few CGRP nerve fibers. In the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, abundant immunoreactivity was observed and many motor end-plate-like structures were found with CGRP immunoreactivity. These findings strongly suggest that CGRP plays an important role in all of the sensory, motor and autonomic nervous systems of the larynx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175672
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunotype findings in macrophages in aural cholesteatomas (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cholesteatomas ; Macrophages ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since a heavy cellular infiltrate is seen in the stroma of most aural cholesteatomas, we attempted to characterize this cell population in more detail using monocyte/macrophage-specific monoclonal antibodies. KiM1+ (specific for CD 11c antigen, the 150kDa α-chain of a leukocyte integrin), and KiM6+ phagocytes were present in two- or fourfold higher numbers in the stroma of the six excised cholesteatomas than in the control tissues. Since the stroma of the cholesteatoma is devoid of microvessles, the typical perivascular localization of dermal macrophages was not seen in the cholesteatomas studied. The density of the macrophages in the normal ear skin was much higher in the upper dermis than in the lower dermis. In the cholesteatomatous specimens, the phagocytes were evenly scattered within the connective tissue and the cellular infiltrate. In contrast to diseased skin, no Mac 387+ macrophages were detected in the cholesteatomas. A great number of phagocytic cells closely resembling dermal macrophages was found in the stroma of the cholesteatomas and probably contributes to an active autoimmune process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186453
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  • 88
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    Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve fibers in the canine larynx (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 40-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Sympathetic nerve ; Larynx-Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sympathetic innervation of the canine larynx was investigated using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. Many tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-IR) nerve fibers were observed around arteries and arterioles in the laryngeal mucosa and intrinsic laryngeal muscles. In the glandular region, TH-IR fibers were also found, with some of these fibers terminating around the basement membranes of the glandular cells. The quantity of TH-IR fibers in the mucosa differed among regions of the larynx. Many of these fibers could be found in the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis as well as the posterior glottis. These findings suggest that TH-IR fibers may directly innervate muscles in the intrinsic larynx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175669
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Increase in types IV and VI collagen in cherry haemangiomas (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cherry haemangioma ; Type IV collagen ; Type VI collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The capillaries in cherry haemangiomas show perivascular hyalinized sheaths. In order to clarify the nature of this sheath material, the extracellular matrix of cherry haemangiomas from 20 normal volunteers (age range 30–64 years) was investigated using immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopical methods. Antibodies against collagen types III, IV and VI and laminin were used. Hyaluronic acid was visualized using the hyaluronic acid binding region of the cartilage proteoglycan as ligand. Electronmicroscopically, the sheaths contained multilaminated basement membrane-like material, collagen fibres 20–25 nm thick with a periodicity of 67 nm and broad-banded aggregates with a periodicity of 100 nm (zebra bodies or fibrous long-spacing fibres). Immunohistochemically, type IV collagen was stained throughout the whole sheath material. Staining for laminin was more confined to the endothelial side of the sheath. Intense staining for type III collagen and hyaluronic acid was found in the connective tissue of the subpapillary layer and between the cherry haemangioma capillaries. Much weaker staining for type III collagen and no staining for hyaluronic acid were found invariably in an area 4–10 Μm thick directly around the capillaries. Both sheath material and intercapillary connective tissue of the haemangiomas showed pronounced staining for collagen type VI. Immunogold staining revealed that type VI collagen was localized to microfibrils 5–6 nm thick and to the broad-banded aggregates with 100 nm periodicity. These findings further underline the assumption that the broad-banded aggregates consist of type VI collagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372581
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative activity of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms defined by a proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling index (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Malignant melanoma ; Naevocytic naevi ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the proliferative activity of benign, borderline and malignant cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms, 30 cases of malignant melanoma (MM) and 41 cases of naevi were studied by immunostaining using a monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA is a nuclear antigen expressed in the late G1 and S phase and serves as a marker of proliferating cells. Invasive MM and MM in situ showed much higher PCNA positivity rates than melanocytic naevi (invasive MM, 18.0%; MM in situ, 11.3%; ordinary melanocytic naevi, 2.6%). The PCNA positivity rate did not increase significantly with the thickness of MM. Among ordinary melanocytic naevi, junctional naevi had a higher PCNA positivity rate than compound or intradermal naevi. Mean PCNA positivity rates for Spitz's naevi and sporadic dysplastic naevi were within the range for ordinary melanocytic naevi, indicating the benign nature of both types of naevus. Contrary to some previous studies, MM in situ showed high proliferative activity, indicating that cells of MM in situ are actively proliferating. This study clearly demonstrates that MM and various types of naevi can be separated according to differences in proliferative activity defined by the PCNA labeling index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372033
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  • 91
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    Identification of a cell layer containing α-smooth muscle actin in the connective tissue sheath of human anagen hair (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hair ; Connective tissue sheath ; Alpha-Smooth muscle actin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed the presence of α-smooth muscle (α-SM) actin in fibroblasts located in the connective tissue sheath (CTS) of human anagen hair follicles. Immunostaining was positive from the base of the bulb to the upper part of the lower portion of the mature anagen hair follicles. The late catagen hair follicles did not stain. Ultrastructurally, α-SM actin was detected only in the fibroblasts located in the innermost layer of the transverse collagenous fibres. Since α-SM actin is located in cells with contractile potential, this newly identified layer may play an important role in the morphological changes of the lower portion of the hair follicle during the hair growth cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375803
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of calmodulin in normal human epidermis (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 307-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Calmodulin ; Normal human epidermis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372586
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  • 93
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    Immunohistological and immunoelectron microscopic identification of TNFα in normal human and murine epidermis (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: TNFα ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy ; Epidermis ; Sebaceous glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence, distribution and cellular localization of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were investigated in normal human and murine epidermis using immunohistological and immunoelectron microscopic methods with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The immunostaining revealed an intercellular plasma membrane and cytoplasmic labelling of the epidermal keratinocytes, but no labelling of Langerhans cells, melanocytes and Merkel cells. Large amounts of TNFα were regularly found in the sebaceous glands. These findings demonstrate that epidermal keratinocytes and especially sebocytes produce and release TNFα and that this keratinocytederived cytokine may be important for the structural and functional homeostasis of normal epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372709
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  • 94
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    Time-dependent pericellular expression of collagen type IV, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan in myofibroblasts (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Collagen type IV ; Laminin ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kollagen IV ; Laminin ; Heparansulfat-Proteoglycan ; Wundalter ; Immunhistochemie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An insgesamt 62 menschlichen Hautwunden mit einer Überlebenszeit zwischen 5 Stunden und 6 Wochen wurde das wundaltersabhängige perizelluläre Auftreten der Basalmembran-Komponenten Kollagen Typ IV, Laminin und Heparansulfat-Proteoglycan (HSPG) in Myofibroblasten untersucht. Laminin und HSPG waren erstmals in einer 1,5 Tage überlebten Hautwunde nachweisbar, Kollagen IV konnte erst nach ca. 4 Tagen beobachtet werden. In Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter von 1 Woche und mehr konnte in 94% der Fälle Laminin, in 70% HSPG und in 63% Kollagen IV perizellulär nachgewiesen werden. Laminin trat hierbei nicht nur in einem höheren Prozentsatz der Fälle, sondern auch in einer größeren Anzahl von Myofibroblasten im Vergleich zu HSPG und v.a. zu Kollagen IV auf. Der positive Nachweis von Laminin oder HSPG bzw. von Kollagen IV in der perizellulären Region von Myofibroblasten weist somit auf ein Wundalter von mindestens ca. 1,5 bzw. 4 Tagen hin. Da die untersuchten Basalmembran-Komponenten auch noch um Myofibroblasten älterer Hautwunden (6 Wochen Wundalter) nachweisbar waren, kann durch die immunhistochemische Darstellung dieser Proteine keine zusätzliche Aussage über das Alter von Wunden mit längerer überlebenszeit getroffen werden. Die semiquantitative Auswertung ergab keine für eine Wundaltersbestimmung verwertbare Korrelation zwischen der Zahl positiv anfärbbarer Myofibroblasten und der überlebenszeit.
    Notes: Summary Human skin wounds (n = 62) with a wound age between 5 h and 6 weeks were investigated. The appearance of cell-associated pericellular basement membrane components collagen type IV, laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in myofibroblasts was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Laminin and HSPG were first detectable around myofibroblasts approximately 1.5 days after wounding. Collagen type IV did not appear before the 4th day after wound infliction. In wounds more than 7 days old, 94% of the cases showed fibroblastic cells positively staining for laminin, 70% of the wounds contained fibroblastic cells positive for HSPG and in 63% a positive reaction for collagen type IV was obtained around these cells. The numbers of the cases as well as of the cells positively stained for laminin exceeded the corresponding values for HSPG and especially for collagen type IV. The pericellular appearance of laminin or HSPG around myofibroblasts, therefore, indicates a wound age of at least approximately 1.5 days. The pericellular localization of collagen type IV indicates a survival time of approximately 4 days or more. Since these proteins are still detectable in the pericellular region of myofibroblasts in skin wounds with advanced wound age (6 weeks) further information for the time-estimation of older human skin lesions cannot be obtained. A semiquantitative analysis revealed no significant correlation between the number of positively stained cells and the wound age, rendering this parameter unsuitable for a practicable time-estimation of human wounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01625171
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ABH-related antigens in human male genital tract (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; ABH-related antigens ; Human male genital tract ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antigene des ABH-Komplexes ; Männlicher Genitaltrakt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Lokalisation (and Verteilung) der Antigene des ABH-Komplexes im Bereich der inneren Geschlechtsorgane des Mannes wurde mittels monoklonaler Antikörper unter Benutzung einer Avidin-Biotin Technik untersucht. Dabei konnten positive Reaktionen im Hoden und im Ductus epididymidis lediglich an Erythrozyten und Endothelzellen beobachtet werden. Die Expression von ABH-Antigenen in den Ductuli efferentes testis, im Ductus epididymidis, in den Samenbläschen und der Prostata wird offensichtlich komplex durch H-, Se-, Le- und X-Gene kodiert. Die Resultate der vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die ABH-Antigene der Spermienoberfläche offensichtlich aus der Samenflüssigkeit stammen und die ABO-, H-, Se-, Le-und X-Gene gewebsabhängig unterschiedlich exprimiert werden.
    Notes: Summary The localization of ABH related antigens in human male reproductive tract was examined using monoclonal antibodies and an avidin biotin complex method. No positive reaction with blood group antibodies on spermatozoa was observed in testis and ductus epididymidis apart from erythrocytes and endothelial cells. The expression of ABH and ABH related antigens in ductuli efferentes testis, ductus epididymidis, seminal vesicle and prostate was complexly coded by a combination of H, Se, Le and X genes. The results obtained in this study indicate that the ABH antigens detected on spermatozoa of seminal stains are coating antigens and not inherent to the cell membrane, and the ABO, H, Se, Le and X genes are subjected to a tissue-dependent differential expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340827
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin as a tool for the age determination of human skin wounds (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Wound age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 53 vitale Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter von wenigen Sekunden/Minuten
    Notes: Summary We analyzed the distribution of fibronectin in routinely embedded tissue specimens from 53 skin wounds and 6 postmortem wounds. In postmortem wounds a faint but focal positive staining was exclusively found at the margin of the specimens which dit not extend into the adjacent stroma. Vital wounds were classified into 3 groups. The first comprising lesions with wound ages ranging from a few seconds to 30 min, the second comprising those with wound ages upt to 3 weeks, and the third group with lesions more than 3 weeks old. Ten out of 17 lesions with a wound age up to 30 min showed a clear positive reaction within the wound area. Three specimens in this group were completely negative, while in 4 additional cases the result was not significantly different from postmortem lesions. These 7 cases were characterized by acute death with extremely short survival times (only seconds). In wounds up to 3 weeks old fibronectin formed a distinct network containing an increasing number of inflammatory cells corresponding to the wound age. In 2 cases with a survival time of 17 days and in all wounds older than 3 weeks fibronectin was restricted to the surface of fibroblasts and to parallel arranged fibers in the granulation tissue without any network structures. We present evidence that fibronectin is a useful marker for vital wounds with a survival time of more than a few minutes. Fibronectin appears before neutrophilic granulocytes migrate into the wound area. Since a faint positive fibronectin staining is seen in postmortem lesions and bleedings, we propose that only those wounds which show strong positive fibronectin staining also extending into the adjacent stroma should be regarded as vital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371232
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The time-dependent rearrangement of the epithelial basement membrane in human skin wounds —immunohistochemical localization of Collagen IV and VII (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Collagen IV and VII ; Basement Membrane ; Wound Age ; Immunhistochemie ; Kollagen IV ; Kollagen VII ; Basalmembran ; Wundalter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfasssung Es wurden 62 menschliche Hautwunden (Operationsnähte, chirurgisch versorgte Stich-und Riß-Quetsch-Wunden) untersucht. Neben Kollagen IV wurde in 27 Fällen zusätzlich Kollagen VII immunhistochemisch dargestellt. Es zeigte sich hierbei eine weitgehende Co-Verteilung von Kollagen IV und VII im Wundgebiet ohne daß relevante wundaltersabhängige Unterschiede bezüglich der Lokalisation im Bereich des Epithel-Defektes feststellbar waren. Basalmembran-Fragmente traten erstmals in 4 Tage alten Hautwunden auf. Frühestens 8 Tage nach Verletzung fanden wir eine komplette epidermale Basalmembran. Dies war in allen Präparaten mit einem Wundalter über 21 Tagen der Fall. Der Zeitraum zwischen dem B. und 21. Tag nach Wundsetzung war charakterisiert durch eine erhebliche Variabilität der Befunde mit teils kompletter, teils fragmentiert vorliegender, teils auch noch vollständig fehlender Basalmembran im Defekt-Bereich.
    Notes: Summary In 62 human skin wounds (surgical wounds, stab wounds and lacerations after surgical treatment) we analyzed the immunohistochemical localization of collagen IV in the epithelial basement membrane. In 27 of these wounds the distribution of collagen VII, which represents a specific component of the basement membrane of stratified epithelia, was also analyzed. We were able to demonstrate a virtually identical co-distribution of both collagen IV and VII in the wound area with no significant time-dependent differences in the appearance of both collagen types. Fragments of the epithelial basement membrane could be detected in the wound area from as early as 4 days after wounding and after 8 days a complete restitution of the epithelial basement membrane was observed. In all cases with a wound age of more than 21 days the basement membrane was completely reformed over the former lesional area. The period between 8 and 21 days after wounding was characterized by a wide variability ranging from complete restitution to deposition of basement membrane fragments or total lack of the epidermal basement membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340831
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent appearance of myofibroblasts in granulation tissue of human skin wounds (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 99-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Myofibroblasts ; Alpha-smooth muscle actin ; Desmin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Wound age ; Myofibroblasten ; Alpha-Aktin ; Desmin ; Immunhistochemie ; Wundalter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 66 menschliche Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter zwischen 20 Stunden und 7 Monaten sowie komplikationsloser Wundheilung ausgewertet. Nach immunhistochemischer Darstellung von alpha-Aktin und Desmin wurde das zeitabhängige Auftreten positiv reagierender Myofibroblasten im Wundgebiet untersucht. Es zeigte sich hierbei, daß in Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter unter 5 Tagen keine positiv anfärbbaren Zellen zu beobachten waren. In 57% (25 von 44 Fällen) der Hautverletzungen, die zwischen 5 und 31 Tagen überlebt worden waren, fanden sich im Granulationsgewebe alpha-Aktin haltige Myofibroblasten. Besonders zahlreiche, positiv reagierende Zellen traten zwischen ca. 16 bis 31 Tagen nach Wundsetzung auf, konnten jedoch auch bereits in Hautwunden jüngeren Alters beobachtet werden. In 2 von 7 Fällen mit einem Wundalter zwischen 1 und 7 Monaten (29%) liesen sich ebenfalls alpha-Aktin positive Myofibroblasten im Wundgebiet nachweisen. Desmin-haltige Myofibroblasten konnten nicht beobachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß alpha-Aktin positive Myofibroblasten bereits mit Ausbildung typischen Granulationsgewebes ab ca. dem 5. Tag nach Verletzung im Wundgebiet auftreten. Der Nachweis positiv reagierender Zellen im Wundgebiet läßt jedoch aufgrund der Variabilität der Befunde keine weitere Differenzierung des Wundalters zu. Da alpha-Aktin-positive Myofibroblasten im Untersuchungsgut auch noch in einer Hautwunde mit einem Alter von 2 Monaten und 13 Tagen beobachtet werden konnten, ist die im Tierexperiment gefundene maximale Nachweisbarkeitsdauer von 30 Tagen auf das Granulationsgewebe menschlicher Hautwunden nicht übertragbar.
    Notes: Summary Human skin wounds (66) inflicted between 20 h and 7 months prior to biopsy were studied. In order to identify the type of cellular differentiation of the fibroblastic cells in the granulation tissue, alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin were immunohistochemically localized. The value of any presumed time-dependent appearance and/or disappearance of positively stained cells was tested for the estimation of wound age. In skin specimens with a wound age less than 5 days (n =15) no typical granulation tissue had developed and no alpha-actin-positive myofibroblasts could be detected. The first appearance of positively reacting myofibroblasts was noted in a 5-day-old wound. In 57% of the lesions with a wound age between 5 and 31 days (25 out of 44 cases) typical granulation tissue formation was present and myofibroblasts with positive reaction for alpha-smooth muscle actin could be identified. Numerous positively reacting cells could generally be found in wounds aged between 16 and 31 days, but also in wounds less than 16 days old. In 29% of the cases with a wound age of more than 31 days (2 out of 7 cases) alpha-sma-positive myofibroblasts also occured. Fibroblastic cells positive for desmin could not be seen at all in our series. Our results demonstrate the appearance of alpha-sma-positive myofibroblasts with the initial formation of typical granulation tissue in human skin lesions as early as approximately 5 days after wounding. In contrast to recent experimental results these cells remained detectable in wounds aged more than 2 months in some cases. The immunohistochemical detection of actin-positive cells, therefore, demonstrates whether an unknown skin wound is aged approximately 5 days or more. Even though a time-dependent decrease of myofibroblasts in human granulation tissue after 31 days in human wounds seems probable, the extended presence (up to about 2 months) of these cells allows no further exact age determination of older wounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340832
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ hybridization of corticotropin-releasing factor-encoding messenger RNA in the hypothalamus of the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 545-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Corticotropin-releasing factor ; Messenger RNA ; Preoptic nucleus ; Catostomus commersoni (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In situ hybridization procedure with a 32P-labelled synthetic oligonucleotide probe was used to detect corticotropin-releasing factor-encoding messenger RNA (CRF mRNA) in the hypothalamus of the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni. Adjacent sections were immunostained by a sucker CRF-specific antiserum. CRF mRNA-containing neurons were identified by autoradiography in the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the preoptic nucleus (PON). Many of these neurons were also immunostained by sucker antiserum, showing the same distribution patterns. These results confirm the presence of CRF mRNA and CRF peptide in the white sucker hypothalamus and support the view that the magnocellular and parvocellular neurons of the PON may be involved in the control of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion from the pituitary in the white sucker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319377
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry on cellular differentiation and migration in the fundic gland of Xenopus laevis during development (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bromodeoxyuridine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fundic gland ; Stomach ; Development ; Xenopus laevis (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular differentiation and migration in the fundic glands of adult and larval Xenopus laevis have been examined using bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry. In the adult fundic gland, cumulative labeling with bromodeoxyuridine revealed a proliferative cell zone between the surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells, in what is referred to as the neck portion of the gland. The labeling-index of mucous neck cells had rapidly increased by week-5. The labeling-index of oxynticopeptic cells showed a more delayed increase until week-7, coincident with the decrease in the labeling of mucous neck cells. In the immature fundic glands of larvae, the labeled proliferating cells were randomly distributed throughout the developing gastric mucosa. During metamorphosis, the labeling-index of immature epithelial cells was highest at stage 63. Following administration of bromodeoxyurdine at this, stage, there was no significant loss of labeled epithelial cells during the metamorphosing period. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the labeling-indices among the epithelial cells, such as surface mucous cells/generative cells, mucous neck cells, and oxynticopeptic cells, 7 days after administration. Cellular differentiation and migration pathways of epithelial cells in the fundic gland of adult X. laevis and its larvae are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319610
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