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  • 1995-1999  (189)
  • 1999  (189)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (96)
  • MRI  (93)
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (189)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament ; Kinematics ; Knee ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail a pour but de proposer à l'aide d'un modèle informatique 3D du genou chez un sujet vivant une étude anatomique des modifications de longueur du ligament croisé antérieur (LCA) et de ses faisceaux au cours de la flexion. La méthode d'évaluation proposée est une reconstruction informatique 3D, à partir de coupes IRM, reproduisant le mouvement de flexion du genou de 0 à 75°. Vingt-et-une coupes ont été réalisées pour chacune des 13 positions de flexion. La reconstruction de Delaunay et le recalage de chaque position permettent d'obtenir un modèle 3D. Ce modèle permet le suivi d'un point osseux lors du mouvement. En connaissant le déplacement relatif des insertions ligamentaires, il est possible de préciser la biométrie du ligament en calculant la longueur des faisceaux du LCA à chaque position, de mettre en évidence les variations de longueur au cours du mouvement. La longueur moyenne du ligament était de 34 mm. Le faisceau antéro-médial était plus long de 30 % par rapport aux deux autres faisceaux. Lors de la flexion, le faisceau antéro-médial était peu modifié (cette caractéristique semblait en faire une position de référence pour une ligamentoplastie), le faisceau postéro-latéral se tendait à partir de 30°, le faisceau intermédiaire se détendait dès le début du mouvement. En retrouvant les données de la littérature, cette méthode permet une approche anatomique du LCA faisceau par faisceau lors du mouvement de flexion.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study is to suggest an anatomic study of the modifications of the length of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and its bundles during flexion with the aid of a 3D computerized model of the knee in a living subject. The method of evaluation suggested is a 3D computerized reconstruction based on MRI sections, reproducing the movement of flexion of the knee from 0 to 75°. Twenty-one sections were made for each of the 13 positions of flexion. The reconstruction of Delaunay and the realignment of each position provided a 3D model which allowed monitoring of a bony point during the movement. By knowing the relative displacement of the ligamentous attachments it was possible to define the biometry of the ligament by calculating the length of the bundles of the ACL in each position and to demonstrate the variations in length during the movement. The mean length of the ligament was 3.4 mm. The anteromedial bundle was longer by 30% compared with the other two bundles. During flexion the anteromedial bundle was not much modified (this feature seems to provide a reference position for a ligamentoplasty), the posterolateral bundle became taut after 30°, and the intermediate bundle relaxed from the beginning of movement. Based on the data from the literature, this method allows an anatomic approach to the ACL, bundle by bundle, during flexion movement.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1999), S. 413-417 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Penis ; Ligaments ; MRI ; Erection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The suspensory system of the penis acquires clinical importance in reparative surgery, traumatology and through its role in erection. The aim of this study was to identify the different anatomic structures constituting the suspensory ligament by dissection and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten unembalmed male subjects were used for dissection of the region of the base of the penis. Ten volunteer patients underwent MRI of the penis before and after the injection of prostaglandin (PGE1). The suspensory apparatus consisted of separate ligamentous structures: the fundiform ligament, which is lateral, superficial and not adherent to the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa; the suspensory ligament properly so-called, further back, stretching between the pubis and the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa and consisting of two lateral, circumferential, and one median bundles, which circumscribed the dorsal vein of the penis. These structures were identifiable in MRI and their supporting role was evidenced during tests of erection. The suspensory ligament seemed to maintain the base of the penis in front of the pubis and to behave as a major point of support for the mobile portion of the penis during erection.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 192-200 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Sarcoma ; Metastasis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Both the prognosis and the morbidity of a patient with a primary malignant musculoskeletal tumour have improved over the past 25 years due to the advent of adjuvant chemotherapy and limb-sparing surgery. This has important implications for the role of imaging at the time of initial diagnosis and during follow-up. This pictorial essay reviews the imaging and pitfalls in the interpretation of musculoskeletal sarcoma metastases using a variety of radiological techniques. The optimal imaging strategy will be stressed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 336-343 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Cryptorchidism ; Scrotum ; US ; CT ; MRI ; Testis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Imaging evaluation of the patient with a non-palpable testis has evolved over recent decades. The rational explanation of imaging in these patients requires a clear understanding of the various causes of a non-palpable testis, and an appreciation of the utility and limitations of the available imaging modalities. This review describes the classification of non-palpable testis and discusses the role of modern imaging in evaluation. In particular, the relative accuracies of ultrasound, CT and MRI is reviewed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lumbar spine ; MRI ; MR myelography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of MR myelography in depicting disc herniation in the lumbar spine when compared with conventional MRI in patients presenting with clinical evidence of disc herniation. One hundred patients referred for conventional MR imaging of the lumbar spine also had coronal MR (TR 9000 ms, TE 272 ms eff, NEX 3, echo train length 32) myelography performed. Three experienced observers compared magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) with conventional lumbar spine MR using the following variables: visibility of thecal sac and nerve roots, and the presence, location and severity of disc herniation. Disc protrusions were seen at 110 disc space levels on conventional MR images as opposed to 93 on MRM. However, only 72 % of lesions seen on conventional MR were diagnosed by MRM. Similarly, only 63.8 % of nerve root compression abnormalities seen at conventional MR were visualized when compared with conventional MRM. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRM when compared with conventional MR was 72, 93 and 85 %, respectively. The MRM technique yields images that resemble conventional myelography and may be used to help confirm abnormalities seen on conventional MR in selected cases; however, the large number of false-positive and false-negative examinations indicates that caution should be used in interpreting MRM images.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Neonatal liver failure ; Neonatal hemochromatosis ; Newborn ; MRI ; Duplex Doppler sonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Neonatal hemochromatosis is a rare congenital disorder which affects both fetuses and newborns. It is characterized by hepatocellular failure, often appearing on the first day of life in the form of coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, and jaundice. Most of the affected infants die early in life, and definitive diagnosis has often been made only by post-mortem evaluation. With the help of MRI, plus increasing awareness of the disorder, diagnosis is now often made early, even in utero. Duplex Doppler sonography does not provide information on siderosis but shows abnormalities in the liver or blood-flow patterns associated with liver disease.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1098-1100 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoid osteoma ; Carpal bones ; Capitate ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of osteoid osteoma of the capitate in a 29-year-old male is reported. The patient suffered from unspecific clinical findings and a 3-year history of uncharacteristic wrist pain. Conventional radiographs of the wrist revealed a circumscribed sclerosis in the proximal part of the capitate bone beside a diffuse demineralisation of the carpal bones. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a circumscribed, tumorous lesion with marked enhancement after IV administration of contrast agent and a highly calcified nidus, which was sharply demarcated by a small rim of granulation tissue from the surrounding spongious bone. Based on MRI findings, the diagnosis of an osteoid osteoma was established and confirmed after operation and histologic analysis.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1101-1103 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Echinococcosis ; Soft tissues ; MRI ; Hydatid disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Hydatid disease of the soft tissues forms a rare mass lesion of the extremities. Two cases of primary hydatid disease in soft tissues are presented with MR imaging findings. A cystic mass with multiloculated or multicystic appearance was identified on MR images in both cases. The lesions were surrounded by a rim with two layers representing a collageneous and a vascularized pericyst. The contrast-enhanced images demonstrated the vascularized component of the wall clearly in the first case. In diagnosis of hydatid disease and in its differentiation from other cystic lesions of the extremities, we think that the described MR appearances can be used confidently.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1113-1116 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Breast ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Mammography ; Ultrasound ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The authors report a case of blood-borne bilateral metastatic breast disease of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in a 21-year-old patient. The possibilities of mammography, ultrasound, and MRI in the early detection of breast metastases and their appearance on these modalities are discussed. Whereas mammography rendered no additional information due to dense breast parenchyma and ultrasound showed only a solitary tumor without definite criteria of malignancy, multifocal bilateral spread was verified with MRI and early ring-like enhancement suggested malignancy. Therefore, we conclude that MRI may provide useful information in evaluating patients with sarcomas, even when there is no clinical evidence for metastatic disease of the breast.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lipoid pneumonia ; Diagnosis ; Lung ; Disease ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to describe high-resolution CT (HRCT) and MR findings of exogenous lipoid pneumonia and to correlate them with pathologic findings. A retrospective review of the medical records of our institution revealed seven patients with a diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia based on clinical data, chest films, bronchoalveolar lavage, and follow-up. Both HRCT and MR imaging were reviewed by two readers. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen or surgical biopsies were also reviewed in the four available cases. The HRCT findings were pulmonary consolidations (n = 6) with fatty (n = 3) or unspecific but low attenuation values (n = 3), areas of ground-glass opacities (n = 5), septal lines, and centrilobular interstitial thickening (n = 5). In five of the seven cases, a crazy-paving pattern of various spread was also present, either isolated (n = 1) or surrounding a pulmonary consolidation. In two cases traction bronchiectasis and cystic changes consistent with fibrosis were seen. At MR imaging (n = 2) a pulmonary consolidation of high signal intensity on T1-weighted image consistent with lipid content was present in one case. Pathologic examination (n = 4) showed the coexistence of lobules with lesions of various ages, sometimes in contiguous lobules, within the same patient. Recent lesions were those with alveolar fill-in by spumous macrophages and almost normal alveolar walls and septae. In more advanced lesions, lobules were filled in with larger vacuoles often surrounded by inflammatory infiltrates of alveolar walls, bronchiolar walls, and septa. The oldest lesions were characterized by fibrosis and parenchymal distortion around large lipid-containing vacuoles. The HRCT findings reflect pathologic findings in exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Although non-specific, consolidation areas of low attenuation values and crazy-paving pattern are frequently associated in exogenous lipoid pneumonia and are indicative of the diagnosis.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 16-28 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: CT ; MRI ; prostate ; testis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Technical advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), notably in high-resolution MRI, have opened up new diagnostic applications in male pelvic pathology. A major indication is the preoperative staging of prostate cancer, where MRI is more reliable than other imaging modalities in differentiating between localized and advanced disease. In monitoring local recurrence after radical prostatectomy MRI is also valuable in differentiating scar tissue from new growth. In benign prostate disease, MRI effectively displays the congenital cysts that may be associated with infertility. Other disease, however – notably benign prostatic hyperplasia – is generally an incidental finding. Ultrasound remains the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of pathologies of the penis, testis and scrotum, e. g. in differentiating malignant from benign scrotal masses or in diagnosing acute scrotum due to testicular torsion or rupture. In isolated cases, MRI is also a valuable diagnostic aid in conditions of these organs, e. g. in the preoperative localization of ectopic testes in cryptorchidism or if US findings are equivocal.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1596-1598 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Penile metastasis ; Corpus cavernosum ; Bladder cancer ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Metastases of the penis are uncommon, with only approximately 300 cases reported since 1870. In up to 70 % of patients, the primary tumour is located in the urogenital tract. Furthermore, isolated metastases of the penis are exceptionally rare. We report a case of solitary squamous cell metastasis of the penis presenting with painful swelling initially thought to be inflammatory in origin. The CT and MR imaging findings are presented with a short review of the literature.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Hypereosinophilic syndrome ; Polymyositis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A 40-year-old white man presented with fever, muscle pain, skin nodules and persistent hypereosinophilia over a period of 1 year. In addition, he had ventricular arrhythmias with episodes of tachycardia. Besides a lack of response to antiparasitic therapy, laboratory and pathological data excluded the diagnosis of trichinosis or any other parasitic infection. The patient's course of the disease over the previous 11/2 years was compatible with hypereosinophilic syndrome. In a muscle biopsy several eosinophilic perivascular and leucocytic intravascular infiltrates were found, indicative of muscle involvement by the disease. This is a report on the MRI findings of muscle involvement in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Ankle ; Ankle sprain ; Lateral collateral ligaments ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of MRI to display injuries of the lateral collateral ligamentous complex in patients with an acute ankle distorsion trauma. The MR examinations of 36 patients with ankle pain after ankle distorsion were evaluated retrospectively without knowledge of clinical history, outcome and/or operative findings. The examinations were performed on a 1.5-T whole-body imager using a flexible surface coil. The signs for ligamentous abnormality were as follows: complete or partial discontinuity, increased signal within, and irregularity and waviness of the ligament. The results were compared with operative findings in 18 patients with subsequent surgical repair. Eighteen patients with conservative therapy had a follow-up MR examination after 3 months. There was 1 sprain, 3 partial and 32 complete tears of the anterior talofibular ligament, and 5 sprains, 5 partial, and 7 complete tears of the calcaneofibular ligament. There were no lesions of the posterior talofibular ligament. Compared with surgery, MRI demonstrated in 18 of 18 cases the exact extent of anterior talofibular ligament injuries and underestimated the extent in 2 of 8 cases of calcaneofibular ligament injury. In patients with follow-up MRI after conservative therapy, a thickened band-like structure was found along the course of the injured ligament in 17 of 18 cases. The absence of ligament repair after conservative treatment was confirmed during operative revision in one case. The MRI technique allows for grading of the extent of injury of the lateral collateral ligamentous complex after acute ankle strain. It seems to be suitable for monitoring the healing process after conservative-functional treatment of ligament tears.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 552-554 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Adenomatoid tumor ; Adrenal gland ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this case report is to describe the appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an incidentally found adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland, and to evaluate the utility of MRI in characterizing this type of tumor. The appearance of the tumor was nonspecific on T1-weighted in-phase, opposed-phase, and T2-weighted images, as well as its behavior after paramagnetic contrast administration, outlining the differential diagnosis among carcinoma, metastatic tumors, and pheochromocytoma. After surgery, the pathologic diagnosis was adenomatoid benign tumor of mesothelial origin. Although MRI enables the characterization of most benign lesions of the adrenal gland, the appearance of other lesions is nonspecific. In our case, MRI did not assist in preoperative diagnosis, guiding us towards a diagnosis of malignancy.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Wegener's granulomatosis ; Cavernous sinus ; Sella turcica ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Intracerebral extension of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is rare. We present a patient with oculomotor and trochlear nerve palsy with histologically proved WG. An MR examination revealed granulomatous tissue in nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses with meningeal infiltration, and uncommon penetration into cavernous sinus and sella turcica. The MR images before and during pharmacological therapy are presented.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Erdheim-Chester disease ; Langerhans' cell granulomatosis ; MRI ; Histiocytosis X ; Lipogranulomatosis ; Eburnated vertebra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Erdheim-Chester (EC) disease belongs to the group of lipoid granulomatosis. Symmetric sclerosis of the meta- and diaphysis of long tubular bones are pathognomonic radiologic changes. Additionally, other skeletal segments can be affected. Extraskeletal manifestations can occur in almost all organs; lungs, pericardium, retroperitoneum, skin, and orbita play particularly important roles. The last case of 38 cases of Erdheim-Chester disease with an extraordinary mediastinal and perirenal involvement is described. For the second time following the initial description by Chester, an axial skeletal pattern of eburnated vertebra is shown.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1804-1809 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Thalassemia ; Extramedullary hematopoiesis ; MRI ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Thalassemia is a kind of chronic, inherited, microcytic anemia characterized by defective hemoglobin synthesis and ineffective erythropoiesis. In all thalassemias clinical features that result from anemia, transfusional, and absorptive iron overload are similar but vary in severity. The radiographic features of β-thalassemia are due in large part to marrow hyperplasia. Markedly expanded marrow space lead to various skeletal manifestations including spine, skull, facial bones, and ribs. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (ExmH), hemosiderosis, and cholelithiasis are among the non-skeletal manifestations of thalassemia. The skeletal X-ray findings show characteristics of chronic overactivity of the marrow. In this article both skeletal and non-skeletal manifestations of thalassemia are discussed with an overview of X-ray findings, including MRI and CT findings.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1800-1803 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bone neoplasm ; Chondromyxoid fibroma ; Sacrum ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A 30-year-old man with a 7-month history of mild sacral pain and intermittant left sciatica was found to have an expansile lesion in the sacrum on a plain radiograph. Biopsy confirmed a chondromyxoid fibroma which was removed surgically. A 1-year follow-up showed no recurrence. The case is the fifth to be reported. Plain film and MRI appearances, histology and treatment are described. The previously reported cases are reviewed and the current literature is discussed.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1810-1812 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Soft tissue neoplasm ; Parosteal lipoma ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of parosteal lipoma of the femur combined with hyperostosis is presented. The parosteal lipoma is a rare benign tumor containing adipose tissue and is intimately related to the periosteum. We report the MRI features and correlative pathologic findings of a parosteal lipoma. The MRI technique is useful for evaluating the relationship between the periosteum and the lipoma.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1869-1872 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Actinomycosis ; Adrenal ; Misleading diagnosis ; MIBG ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A 34-year-old woman presented with a left-sided suprarenal space-occupying lesion on sonography. Culture of material obtained during sonographic-guided puncture of the retroperitoneal lesion yielded a mixed flora of Actinomyces and Peptostreptococcus. Initially, a misleading diagnosis of an adrenal pheochromocytoma was initiated by highly positive metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy after chemical chemistry vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) test showed elevated values for adrenaline and its derivatives. Retroperitoneal actinomycosis with yet unproven spread into thoracic and cervical compartments is a particular unusual presentation of an infection with these organisms. Because it may mimic subacute infections or malignant masses in terms of clinical and laboratory findings, radiological diagnosis of this entity may be difficult. The diagnosis was based on results of culture and the response of the patient to long-term penicillin-derivate therapy after surgical drainage of the suprarenal abscess formation.
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  • 22
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    Springer
    Italian journal of neurological sciences 20 (1999), S. 247-249 
    ISSN: 1126-5442
    Keywords: Key words Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system ; MRI ; Anticoagulant therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare condition characterized by deposition of haemosiderin in the leptomeninges and in the subpial layers of the brain and spinal cord. With the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging, an increasing number of cases of superficial siderosis are being discovered, secondary forms being more frequent than idiopathic ones. We report a 78-year-old man in oral anticoagulant therapy, who presented neurosensory hearing loss, gait ataxia and spastic paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested the diagnosis of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, without an evident bleeding source.
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  • 23
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    Springer
    Italian journal of neurological sciences 20 (1999), S. 303-307 
    ISSN: 1126-5442
    Keywords: Key words Lyme disease ; Chronic neuroborreliosis ; Children ; MRI ; Demyelinating disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lyme disease is a polymorphic and multisystemic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Neurological manifestations are found in 10%–50% of cases. We present 2 cases followed for 5 and 6 years of chronic relapsing-remitting neuroborreliosis. Diagnosis of neuroborreliosis in these cases was based on serum and cerebrospinal fluid findings. We discuss clinical, neurophysiological, laboratory and instrumental aspects regarding the difficulties of reaching a correct diagnosis. Further studies, especially in the field of immunology, should help identify the mechanisms responsible for the disease becoming chronic. With this knowledge, it may be possible to design immunological therapies for relapses, and to prevent the evolution of the disease.
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 287-289 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Soft-tissue tumor ; Myositis ossificans ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cases on myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) in the arm are reported. Plain X-ray films and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in both cases. In the first, an intramuscular tumor-like mass without calcifications was found on MRI with soft-tissue edema extension. In the second, MRI disclosed additional bone-marrow edema. The diagnosis of MOC was confirmed by biopsy in one case and by follow-up in the other. MOC is a benign soft-tissue lesion that is rare in children, with an acute course and usually spontaneously favorable evolution. The differential diagnosis from an infection or a malignant tumor remains difficult. The best imaging modalities are conventional radiography and MRI. The MRI patterns of MOC are typical but not pathognomonic; typical MRI findings in conjunction with clinical symptoms during the early phase of MOC permit the postponement of a biopsy or aggressive surgical procedures. Surgery is indicated for cases not showing typical MOC calcifications at a later stage.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Metachromatische Leukodystrophie ; Totschlag ; Hebephrenie ; MRT ; Diagnose ; Key words Metachromatic leukodystrophy ; Homicide ; Hebephrenia ; MRI ; Diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report a patient with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) with a first manifestation of homicide. On admission the patient showed a hebephrenia-like syndrom with inappropriate affect, thought disorder and behavioral changes. Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) findings suggested a diagnosis of MLD, which was confirmed by a decreased activity of leucocyte arylsulfatase A and an excessive urinary sulfatide excretion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten von einem Patienten mit metachromatischer Leukodystrophie (MLD), der im Alter von 16 Jahren ein Kind tötete. Bei der klinischen Untersuchung zeigte er ein hebephrenes Syndrom mit veränderter Affektivität, formalen Denkstörungen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten. Bei der neuropsychologischen Testung wurde eine starke Beeinträchtigung von Planen und Problemlösen bei insgesamt überdurchschnittlicher Intelligenz nachgewiesen. Die neurologischen und internistischen Befunde waren unauffällig. Anhaltspunkte für eine MLD fanden sich im Magnetresonanztomogramm (MRT) und wurden biochemisch bestätigt.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1436-2023
    Keywords: Key words: hip ; acetabulum ; labrum ; MRI ; radial-sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We investigated the usefulness of a radial-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in the visualization of the acetabular labrum, which surrounds the acetabulum. In 22 hip joints of 12 volunteers, T2-weighted images were obtained on 24 radial planes of the acetabular rim, set at 15°-intervals, using the small tip angle gradient echo method. We examined 7 planes in the weight-bearing portion. The acetabular labrum in the weight-bearing portion was depicted in good contrast to the surrounding tissues. The shape of the labrum differed among individuals and also in the anterior and posterior portions of the labrum. The signal intensity of the labrum was low or partially moderate. There was a high signal intensity band on the base of the acetabular labrum in several portions, which should be carefully interpreted to avoid confusion with abnormality. We concluded that radial-sequence MRI could be a useful technique for evaluation of the condition of the acetabular labrum in the weight-bearing portion.
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  • 27
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    Journal of orthopaedic science 4 (1999), S. 384-396 
    ISSN: 1436-2023
    Keywords: Key words: bone tumors ; radiographs ; MRI ; CT ; scintigraphy ; gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The radiologist and orthopedic surgeon have a wide array of imaging modalities to choose from in diagnosing and staging solitary tumors of bone. MR imaging is the examination of choice for staging solitary tumors of bone. The radiograph, however, remains the most reliable imaging modality for predicting tumor histology. Radiographic interpretation in most instances ought to be the most influential factor in determining whether further imaging is required. This article reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the various imaging modalities and attempts to present a logical, cohesive, reproducible approach to the diagnosis and evaluation of solitary tumors of bone.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Cervical disc disease ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of MRI alone in the differentiation of soft cervical disc protrusion from osteophytic compression in cervical disc disease. In a retrospective study, the MRI scans of 41 patients with cervical disc disease, who had previously undergone surgery, were presented to three independent observers, randomly on two different occasions, to identify the accuracy of the diagnosis of the presence of hard or soft disc or both as a cause of compression. The observers (two neurosurgeons and one neuroradiologist) were not involved with the treatment of the cases at any stage and were unaware of the surgical findings. Their observations were compared with those of the surgeon recorded at operation. The intra-observer agreement was poor for diagnosis into three categories as hard or soft disc or both. In distinguishing between the presence or absence of hard disc, there was moderate to good (Kappa = 0.6) intra observer and fair to moderate (Kappa = 0.4) interobserver agreement. The sensitivity of diagnosis of a hard disc was high (87%) but specificity was low (44%), due to the overestimation of the presence of hard disc. There was a significantly higher incidence of hard disc in the elderly age group (76% over the fifth decade, P = 0.0073). It is concluded that MRI alone is not a very efficient diagnostic tool in distinguishing between hard and soft disc in the cervical disc disease.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Spine fractures ; Trauma ; MRI ; Intervertebral disc ; Cadaver study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This cadaver study evaluated the value of MR images for detection of acute intervertebral disc damage associated with fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. Damage to the intervertebral disc may be a major contributor to chronic instability in non-operative treatment or failure of fixation and recurrence of deformity in posterior fixation methods. MR imaging can help us to understand the injury patterns and their prognostic significance. However, before we can justify the use of MRI in clinical cases, determination of MRI’s ability to detect acute injury to the disc is necessary. Ten fresh cadaver specimens were used for this study. After obtaining radiograms and MR images, injuries were created with a weight-dropping apparatus using a variety of weights and compression angles. Post-injury radiograms and MR images were taken and the specimens were frozen at –20 °C. Slides of these specimens obtained with cryosection techniques were compared with MR images for evaluation of the damage to different parts of the discs. A total of 20 fractures were observed on cryosections. In 12 of the discs adjacent to fractured vertebral bodies, macroscopic damage was seen on the sections. These were all detected on the corresponding MR images. The study showed that MRI is able to detect acute, macroscopic injury to the intervertebral disc. It is therefore justified to use MR for the study of acute disc damage associated with thoracolumbar fractures.
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  • 30
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    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 218-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Lumbosacral extradural arachnoid cyst ; Low back pain ; MRI ; Cerebrospinal fluid flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract No critical discussion of the indication for the surgical treatment of lumbosacral extradural arachnoid cysts is found in the literature. Therefore, we want to compare the results in patients with operative and conservative treatment to define standards for a good surgical result. Over a period of 9 years, we operated on eight patients with a lumbosacral extradural arachnoid cyst and treated eight others conservatively. Only three of the operated patients experienced a postoperative relief of pain, but none was symptom free. The only one with continuing success had a preoperative history of 1 year only. MRI scans without contrast agent were misinterpreted in one included and one excluded case. The results of conservative treatment were nearly the same as those of operative treatment. MRI is the best diagnostic tool, but a variety of sequences must be used. Patients with a short pain history and a clear neurological deficit profited most from surgery. Patients with slight and not clearly related uncharacteristic symptoms should be excluded from surgery.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Lumbar discectomy ; MRI ; Peridural scar ; Failed back ; syndrome ; Diagnostic injections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The association between peridural scarring and recurrent pain after lumbar discectomy is much debated. A recently published study found that patients with extensive peridural fibrosis were 3.2 times more likely to experience recurrent radicular pain than those with less extensive scarring. This finding may lead to an overestimation of peridural fibrosis in clinical practice. In a retrospective study we analyzed the records of 53 patients who underwent a lumbar MRI because of recurrent pain after first unilateral microdiscectomy. Patients were classified as those with radicular or non-radicular pain according to history and clinical findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by spinal anesthetic block. The extension of scarring was compared between the two groups of patients. The amount of epidural fibrosis was examined on contrast-enhanced MRI in axial slices subdivided into four quadrants. The amount of fibrosis was divided into four stages in each affected quadrant. We found no differences regarding the amount of peridural fibrosis between patients with radicular pain and patients with non-radicular pain. We conclude that the extent of peridural scarring as defined by MRI is of minor value in the differential diagnosis of recurrent back and leg pain after lumbar microdiscectomy.
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  • 32
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    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 426-428 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Low back pain ; Growth phase ; Discal degeneration ; Epidemiology ; MRI ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An international congress about “the back of children and teenagers and the prevention of backache” was held in March 1999 in Grenoble (France). Beside specific low back pain following progressive and growth diseases, special attention was paid to non-specific low back pain (LBP). Some epidemiological data show a high incidence of LBP during and after the rapid growth phase, with the concomitant possibility of continued or recurrent evolution. MRI studies reveal frequent signs of disc degeneration: they start after the growth phase, spread during adolescence and are often correlated with backache. An immunohistological study seems to confirm the presence of degenerative-type alterations and changes in collagen in the vertebral plates and nucleus of juvenile spine. These data must be confirmed, and their relation to natural history and prognosis of juvenile LBP have to be clarified by longitudinal studies.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Bone scan ; Growth ; Intervertebral disk ; MRI ; Spondylolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the prognosis of low-back pain and the association of clinical symptoms and anatomic findings among young athletes. Consecutive patients, aged between 12 and 18 years, who had low-back pain that had interfered with their training for at least 4 weeks were included in the case series. All the patients participated in a standardized interview and clinical examination, and plain radiographs and magnetic resonance images were also obtained. Most patients also participated in technetium bone scan examination. In 15 out of 19 subjects there were anatomic abnormalities that corresponded with the location and type of clinical symptoms. Twelve subjects had changes in the disk-vertebral end plate complex and eight had a positive bone scan indicative of posterior vertebral arch stress reaction. Six out of eight boys and two out of 11 girls had stress reaction (P = 0.043). Restriction of painful activities was recommended to all subjects, restriction of activities and the use of a dynamic low-back brace for the first 3 months was recommended to patients with posterior vertebral arch stress reaction. The self-reported intensity of low-back pain (scale 0–100) among all the patients was 69 ± 16 (mean ± SD) at baseline and 18 ± 21 at the 1-year follow-up (P 〈 0.0001). In conclusion, the reasons for prolonged back pain among young athletes are usually established by imaging studies. A knowledge of anatomic abnormalities may help in tailoring training programmes and avoiding the progression of changes during growth. Simple restriction of painful activities usually leads to good recovery.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Synovial cyst ; CT ; MRI ; Surgical treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors describe the case of a 58-year-old man with a 6-month history of severe myelopathy. CT scan and MRI of the spine revealed a cystic formation, measuring about 1 cm in diameter, at C7-T1 at a right posterolateral site at the level of the articular facet. At operation the mass appeared to originate from the ligamentum flavum at the level of the articular facet and was in contact with the dura mater. Once the mass had been removed, there was a significant amelioration of the patient’s symptoms. As previously suspected, histological aspect was synovial cyst. Cervical synovial cysts are extremely rare and, as far as we know, only 22 cases have so far been described in the literature. Diagnostic radiological investigations used were CT scan and MRI. At CT scan the most important diagnostic findings are a posterolateral juxtafacet location of the mass, egg-shell calcifications on the wall of the cyst, and air inside the cyst. At MRI the contents of the cyst are iso/hypointense on T1- and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. There may also be a hypointense rim on T2-weighted images, which enhances after i.v. administration of gadolinium. Surgical treatment consists of removal of the mass. Fixation of the vertebral segments involved is not always necessary.
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  • 35
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    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 249 (1999), S. 305-312 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Corpus callosum ; Schizophrenia ; MRI ; Etiology of schizophrenia ; Family history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous MRI studies have shown differences in corpus callosum size between schizophrenic patients and controls. The corpus callosum (CC), as the main interhemispheric fiber tract, plays an important role in interhemispheric integration and communication. Though MRI studies suggest smaller CC in schizophrenia, there are still conflicting findings. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, it was investigated whether the midsagittal area of CC differs between twenty-three right-handed male schizophrenic patients and twenty-three matched controls. Total CC area, five subregions of CC, total brain volume, gray and white matter were measured. No differences between schizophrenic patients and controls were found regarding all CC measurements, total brain volume, and gray matter tissue. However, a significant reduction of white matter tissue in the patient group emerged. There was no correlation between CC morphology and clinical variables such as age of onset, length of illness or symptom severity. Interestingly, five schizophrenic patients with a positive family history of schizophrenia showed significant reduction of the subregion C3, associated with a reduced total brain and gray and white matter volume. Significant reduction in the CC and its subregions was not confirmed in this group of patients with schizophrenia. In the subgroup of schizophrenic patients with a positive family history of schizophrenia, a significant reduction of the subregion corresponding to a part of the trunk of the CC was found.
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  • 36
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    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 249 (1999), S. S48 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Schizophrenia ; MRI ; Structure ; Brain ; volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in studies of schizophrenia has resulted in a more detailed picture of anatomic areas which may be altered in this syndrome. Thus far, there have been over 130 studies of schizophrenia using MRI and, taken together, they present a clear picture of a group of disorders with altered brain structure. Their major finding is a confirmation of the older pneumoencephalography and computertomography studies showing an enlargement of lateral ventricles and a volume reduction seen in the temporal lobe. When structural studies are carried out in other cortical and subcortical regions, however, the volume reduction is not so uniform, but rather restricted to certain areas in a given patient. In addition medication effects can be seen especially in the caudate nucleus which tend to increase in volume after long-term neuroleptic drug usage and again normalize under the atypical drug clozapine. These data are consistent with a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia and with some kind of progressive neurodegenerative process. This review suggests that an integrative model with initial developmental errors may underlie the majority of cases of schizophrenia, but that cases of chronic schizophrenia appear to involve progressive neurodegeneration. In assessing the scatter in available data, it appears that there is no consistent neuropathology across all cases of schizophrenia and preferential areas of dysfunction can be determined. Thus, there seems a collection of subtle neurodevelopmental errors which can lead to various forms of schizophrenia and that at least some types of schizophrenia most probably also involve a neurodegenerative process which could in fact be a consequence of the initial developmental defect.
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  • 37
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    Child's nervous system 15 (1999), S. 309-317 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Brain abscess ; CT scan ; MRI ; Cyanotic congenital heart disease ; AIDS ; Stereotactic puncture aspiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The authors review the management of brain abscesses (BAbs) in 59 pediatric cases. The major surgical procedure used to treat them was repeated puncture and aspiration (51 cases, or 86.44%), excision (8 cases – 13.56%) being of secondary importance. The main etiology was metastatic lesions (24 cases – 40.68%), those due to cyanotic congenital heart disease being the most frequent. Single lesions dominated (41 cases – 69.49%). Gram-positive cocci were the main bacteria involved (31 cases, 52.5%). CT scan represented the main tool in the diagnosis and follow-up. Puncture and aspiration in BAbs led to a significant decrease in mortality (7 cases – 11.86%), and the incidence of seizures and neurological deficits was also reduced. Mortality was significantly correlated with the following factors: consciousness status, multiple BAbs location and hematogenous dissemination. There were recurrences in 11 cases (18.64%), all observed after aspiration procedures. The current concepts for complex management of BAbs, as reflected in recent literature data, are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the use of real-time CT or ultrasound-guided operative techniques.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Mannosidosis ; Neurological impairment ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Neurological development over a period of 25 years and MRI findings are reported in two members of the same family affected by mannosidosis type II. Progressive axial and appendicular cerebellar syndrome, moderate hearing loss and deterioration of gait were present in both patients. Neuropsychological deficiency was severe, but progression over the years was not observed except in the woman’s speech capacity. Neither of the patients showed clinical improvement. A progressive corticosubcortical atrophy stands out in the brain neuroimaging studies, especially at the vermian cerebellar level. The osseous cranial deformities are very characteristic and include brachycephaly, thickening of the calvaria at the expense of the diploe, and poor pneumatization of the sphenoid. Neither of our cases showed an empty sella turcica.
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  • 39
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    Child's nervous system 15 (1999), S. 134-136 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Cystic germinoma ; Suprasellar ; MRI ; Radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a germinoma in the suprasellar region, which had multiple large cystic components. A 13-year-old girl with disturbed visual acuity and growth retardation was admitted to our hospital for treatment of an intracranial tumor. The lesion was difficult to diagnose as a germinoma preoperatively, because of its radiographic characteristics. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was a germinoma. Surgery, chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide, and radiotherapy (30 Gy) were successful in inducing complete remission of the tumor. The patient's endocrine status remained normal, except for a low GH concentration and diabetes insipidus.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Septum pellucidum ; Entwicklungs- störungen ; Zerebrale Fehlbildungen ; Schizophrenie ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Key words Septum pellucidum ; Developmental disorder ; Cerebral malformations ; Schizophrenia ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Absence of the septum pellucidum is a rare developmental disorder of the human brain. Previous reports focused on the association with other cerebral anomalies. We present MRI scans showing an isolated absence of the septum pellucidum. The patient was suffering from a schizophrenic psychosis. Mental retardation or epileptic seizures, which are often found in more complex developmental brain disorders, were not observed. The septal area is part of the limbic system and aplasia of the septum pellucidum could indicate developmental anomalies of the limbic system. The concept of cerebral maldevelopment and the limbic system in schizophrenic psychosis is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die isolierte Aplasie des Septum pellucidum gehört zu den seltenen dysplastischen Fehlbildungen des Gehirns. Während in älteren Arbeiten das Fehlen des Septum pellucidum meistens im Zusammenhang mit weiteren zerebralen Fehlbildungen berichtet wird, so zeigen neuere Untersuchungen doch häufiger auch isolierte Aplasien ohne weitere Fehlbildungen des Gehirns. Dabei scheint ein breites Spektrum der Fehlbildungen von komplexen Hirnfehlbildungen bis hin zur einfachen Aplasie des Septum pellucidum zu reichen. Kasuistisch wird über die Aplasie des Septum pellucidum bei einem Patienten berichtet, welche kernspintomographisch im Rahmen der routinemäßig durchgeführten bildgebenden Diagnostik gefunden wurde. Klinisch wurde bei dem Patienten eine hebephrene Psychose diagnostiziert. In der Ätiologie der schizophrenen Psychosen werden dysontongenetische Mechanismen diskutiert, v.a. Migrationsstörungen in limbischen Strukturen. Eine erhöhte Inzidenz von Anomalien des Septum pellucidum, v.a. Septum-pellucidum-Zysten ist von mehreren Autoren bei schizophrenen Patienten berichtet worden. Die Bedeutung des Septum pellucidum und des Septum verum als Bestandteile des limbischen Systems werden erörtert und eine mögliche Relevanz für das Konzept der dysontogenetischen Ätiologie schizophrener Psychosen wird diskutiert.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hallervorden-Spatz-Krankheit (HSD) ; präsenile Demenz ; MRT ; paramagnetische Substanzen ; Globus pallidus ; Key words Hallervorden-Spatz-Disease (HSD) ; Early onset dementia ; MRI ; Paramagnetic substances ; Globus pallidus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report the history of a 38 year old patient who began to develop mental deterioration at the age of 26. After a time of 7 years neurological signs like writing dystonia occured. Hallervorden-Spatz-Desease (HSD) was diagnosed at the age of 36 in vivo with the clinical presentation of severe dystonia, rigidity, dementia, and typical signal loss in the globus-pallidus the reticular part of the substantia nigra, and the nucleus ruber in the T-2 weighted MRI. The „eye-of-the-tiger”-sign, a bilateral hyperintensity in the rostral globus pallidus, was not observed in follow-up examinations. HSD is a rare autosomal-recessive or sporadic disease of unknown etiology. In one third of the patients a dementing process is the first clinical sign of the disorder, and is a rare differential diagnosis of early onset dementia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten von einem 38jährigen Patienten, der im Alter von 26 Jahren eine progressive Demenz entwickelte. Erst nach einem Krankheitsverlauf von 7 Jahren kam es zur Manifestation eines rasch progredienten, dystonen Syndroms bis hin zur Immobilität im Alter von 36 Jahren. Die Diagnose der Hallervorden-Spatz-Erkrankung (HSD) wurde aufgrund des klinischen Bildes im Spätstadium der Erkrankung mit schwerster Demenz, Dystonie und Rigidität in Zusammenschau mit den typischen Signalauslöschungen in der T2-gewichteten MRT im Globus pallidus, dem Nucleus ruber und dem retikulären Anteil der Substantia nigra gestellt. Das „Eye-of-the-tiger”-Zeichen, eine bilaterale Signalhyperintensität im rostralen Anteil des Globus pallidus, wurde, auch bei Verlaufsuntersuchungen, nicht gefunden. Die Hallervorden-Spatz-Erkrankung ist ein autosomal-rezessiv oder sporadisch auftretendes Krankheitsbild ungeklärter Ätiologie. Da sich bei einem Drittel der Patienten mnestische Störungen im Kurz- und Langzeitgedächnis als Erstsymptom manifestieren, stellt die HSD eine seltene Differentialdiagnose eines präsenilen Demenzsyndroms dar. In der diagnostischen Beurteilung kommt der Magnetresonanztomographie eine wesentliche Bedeutung zu.
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  • 42
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 220-223 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Patellar tendinosis ; Jumper’s knee ; Patellar tracking ; MRI ; knee
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To assess whether an association exists between patellar tendinosis and abnormal patellar tracking. Design and patients. The MRI examinations of 630 patients (i.e. 860 knees) referred with anterior knee pain over a 4-year period were assessed in retrospect for the presence of patellar tendinosis and abnormal patellar tracking. The images of the patients with patellar tendinosis were reviewed and the location within the patellar tendon was recorded. Results. There were 44 knees with proximal patellar tendinosis. Twenty-four of these were considered to have normal patellar tracking and 20 to have abnormal patellar tracking. In the group of 816 knees without proximal patellar tendinosis, 581 were considered to have normal patellar tracking and 235 knees to have abnormal patellar tracking. When the two groups were compared there was a statistically significant difference in the ratio of patients with and without abnormal tracking. Conclusion. In patients referred with anterior knee pain or suspected abnormal patellar tracking there is a significant association between proximal patellar tendinosis and abnormal patellar tracking.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Hip joint ; Osteonecrosis ; MRI ; Bone scintigraphy ; Femoral head ; Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To assess the ability of bone scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the outcome of transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Design. This study was a prospective evaluation of imaging techniques. Patients and methods. MRI and bone scintigraphy were performed on 20 hips in 18 patients at 3 months after TRO. The radiographic findings at 3 months after TRO, and the MRI and bone scintigraphic findings, were compared with the radiographic findings at final follow-up (mean 39 months). Results and conclusions. On MRI a low-intensity area or a low-intensity band in the new weight-bearing area extending over the acetabular edge on T1-weighted images was related to the presence of collapse on the radiographs at final follow-up. In hips with an area of absent activity in the new weight-bearing surface on bone scintigraphy, collapse was seen more frequently on radiographs at final follow-up than in hips without this feature. Bone scintigraphy was no more specific than radiography in predicting the outcome after TRO. We consider MRI to be superior to bone scintigraphy in predicting the occurrence of collapse, which is one of the major short-term problems after TRO.
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  • 44
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 527-531 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Parosteal osteosarcoma ; dedifferentiation ; rhabdomyosarcoma ; Parosteal osteosarcoma ; femur ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcomas are characterized histologically by the combination of low-grade fibroblastic osteosarcoma admixed with a high-grade component that typically has the appearance of malignant fibrous histiocytoma or osteosarcoma. Herein we report a case of dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma of the distal femur, in which the high-grade component consisted of rhabdomyosarcoma. To our knowledge, a rhabdomyosarcomatous component has not been described previously in a dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of this rare type of surface osteosarcoma are described.
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  • 45
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 347-349 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Plasmacytoma ; Plasmacytoma ; amyloid ; Plasmacytoma ; calcified ; Plasmacytoma ; extraosseous ; Plasmacytoma ; thorax ; Plasmacytoma ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report on a rare, calcified, plasma cell tumor of the spine causing progressive myelopathy. Other unusual features were the lack of an osseous lesion at the site of the mass, considerable calcified amyloid within the mass but no identifiable amyloid elsewhere, and normal serum immunoelectrophoresis.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Chronic expanding hematoma ; Ancient hematoma ; CT ; MRI ; Soft tissue mass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To identify the characteristic MRI findings of chronic expanding hematoma correlated with the pathology. Design and patients. Three patients who had a chronic expanding hematoma involving the musculoskeletal system were reviewed retrospectively. Results and conclusion. Huge soft tissue masses suggestive of malignancy with destruction of the bony structure were revealed on radiography and computed tomography. MRI showed the masses to exhibit heterogeneous signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images with a peripheral rim of low signal intensity, reflecting the central zones of fluid collection due to fresh and altered blood with a wall of collagenous fibrous tissue. These MRI findings were seen in all three patients and are considered to be characteristic; they assist in differentiation from neoplasm in consideration of the history of trauma or surgery.
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  • 47
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 465-469 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Lower leg ; Muscle hernia ; Fascial defect ; MRI ; Dynamic imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Muscle hernias of the lower leg involving the tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis, and lateral head of the gastrocnemius were found in three different patients. MRI findings allowed recognition of herniated muscle in all cases and identification of fascial defect in two of them. MR imaging findings and the value of dynamic MR imaging is emphasized.
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  • 48
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    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 610-618 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Staging ; Gynäkologische Karzinome ; Schnittbildverfahren ; Computertomographie (CT) ; Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ; Sonographie (US) ; Key words Staging ; Gynecologic neoplasm ; Cross-sectional imaging modalities ; CT ; MRI ; Sonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The prognosis in patients with gynecologic cancers depends not only on the stage but also on a wide spectrum of other findings. Cross-sectional imaging modalities, including sonography, CT and MRI, have increasingly been used for optimal treatment planning in gynecologic cancers. Their staging criteria are based on the well-established FIGO staging system. CT and MRI compete with sonography, which plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of the female pelvis. This paper reviews the role of sonography, CT and MRI in the staging of gynecologic malignancies. It puts the emphasis on MRI, which has been established as imaging modality of choice in the preoperative evaluation of cervical and endometrial cancer, and which seems slightly superior to CT in the staging of ovarian cancer.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Prognose gynäkologischer Karzinome hängt nicht nur vom Stadium, sondern von einem breiten Spektrum anerkannter Kriterien ab. Zur optimierten Therapieplanung werden heute zunehmend die Schnittbildverfahren Sonographie, CT und MRT für die morphologische Charakterisierung der Veränderungen eingesetzt. Die Stagingkriterien der bildgebenden Verfahren orientieren sich an der anerkannten FIGO-Klasssifikation. CT und MRT konkurrieren mit der Sonographie, die als anerkannte und weitverbreitete Modalität in der Gynäkologie etabliert ist. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Schnittbildverfahren Sonographie, CT und MRT im Staging gynäkologischer Karzinome einander gegenübergestellt. Der Schwerpunkt der Ausführungen liegt dabei auf der MRT, die als Methode der Wahl zum Staging des Zervix- und Endometriumkarzinoms gilt, beim Ovarialkarzinom der CT ebenbürtig und in manchen Fragestellung tendentiell überlegen ist.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fokale Leberläsionen ; Spiral-CT ; MRT ; Kontrastmittel ; SPIO ; Key words Focal liver lesions ; Spiral CT ; MRI ; Ferumoxides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced, dual-phase spiral CT and MRI before and after administration of SPIO particles in focal hepatic disease with previously uncertain diagnosis. Material and methods: In 46 patients in whom primary or secondary hepatic malignancy was suspected, dual-phase spiral CECT and breath-held T1-weighted gradient-echo and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MRI (1.5 T, body-phased-array coil) before and after SPIO administration were compared. The indications for the subsequent MRI studies were based on ambiguous findings on CECT. The number of hepatic lesions, the overall lesion detection and characterization was evaluated by consensus and compared to the gold standard (histological proof in 30/46 of the cases, long-term follow-up in 16/46 of the cases). Results: In 34 of 46 cases the correct diagnoses were established by CECT (sensitivity 96%, specificity 48%) revealing significantly less lesions than MRI. Unenhanced MRI had sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 71%, whereas SPIO-enhanced MRI had sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 88%. The differences between the modalities were even more pronounced in the detection of lesions smaller than 10 mm with SPIO-MRI as the most sensitive method. Conclusions: In this problem-oriented scenario, SPIO-enhanced MRI was superior to spiral CT and unenhanced MRI regarding the diagnostic efficacy in the pre-operative work-up of focal liver lesions. SPIO-enhanced MRI can be recommended as a problem-solving tool for the clinical routine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Analyse der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der kontrastmittelverstärkten, biphasischen Spiral-CT im Vergleich zu nativer und SPIO-verstärkter MRT bei Patienten mit V.a. fokale Leberläsionen vor eventueller Leber-OP. Material und Methode: 46 Patienten mit V.a. sekundäre oder primäre Lebertumoren wurden nach i.v.-Kontrastmittelgabe an einem Spiral-CT und an einem 1,5 Tesla-Magneten (Atemstillstand-Sequenzen, Körper-Array-Spule) vor und nach i.v.-Infusion von superparamagnetischen Eisenoxydpartikeln untersucht. Die CT- und MRT-Untersuchungen wurden hinsichtlich Läsionsanzahl, -detektion und -charakterisierung qualitativ beurteilt und mit dem Goldstandard (Histologie in 30/46, follow-up in 16/46 der Fälle) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die Spiral-CT erbrachte in 34/46 Fällen eine korrekte Diagnose, wobei sie signifikant weniger Läsionen in der Leber zeigte als die MRT. Die native MRT war der Spiral-CT hinsichtlich Läsionsdetektion und diagnostischer Effizienz überlegen und wurde noch von der SPIO-verstärkten MRT übertroffen. Der Unterschied zwischen den Modalitäten war bei Läsionen kleiner 10 mm noch deutlicher, von denen die Spiral-CT lediglich 6/13 Läsionen detektierte. Schlußfolgerungen: Die SPIO-MRT ist der biphasischen Spiral-CT und der nativen MRT im Nachweis und bei der Charakterisierung fokaler Leberläsionen überlegen und kann in problematischen Fällen allgemein empfohlen werden.
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  • 50
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 298-304 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteosarcoma ; MRI ; Metastases ; skeletal muscle ; Soft tissue neoplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two cases of osteogenic sarcoma with skeletal muscle metastases are described. A 40-year-old woman presented with progressive swelling of both calves and a soft tissue back lump. She had been diagnosed with mandibular chondroblastic osteogenic sarcoma 6 years earlier. Radiographs showed calcified masses. MRI scans and bone scintigraphy revealed multiple soft tissue masses in both calves. Bone scintigraphy also showed uptake in the back lump, right thigh and left lung base. Biopsy confirmed metastatic chondroblastic osteogenic sarcoma, which initially responded well to chemotherapy. However, the metastatic disease subsequently progressed rapidly and she died 21 months after presentation. The second case concerns a 20-year-old man who presented with a pathologic fracture of the humerus, which was found to be due to osteoblastic osteogenic sarcoma. He developed cerebral metastases 17 months later, followed by metastases at other sites. Calcified masses were subsequently seen on radiographs of the abdomen and chest. CT scans confirmed the presence of densely calcified muscle metastases in the abdominal wall, erector spinae and gluteal muscles. The patient’s disease progressed rapidly and he died 30 months after presentation.
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  • 51
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 342-346 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Chordoma ; Notochordal rest ; MRI ; Vertebra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Chordomas of the lumbar vertebral bodies are rare. We report an unusual case of an entirely intra-osseous chordoma of the fifth lumbar vertebra treated by vertebrectomy. Conventional radiographs and scintigraphy were normal. The lesion was well visualised by MR imaging, but showed only slight sclerosis on CT. We give our reasons for making a diagnosis of chordoma rather than giant notochordal rest and discuss the problems of management resulting from this diagnostic dilemma.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Lipoma arborescens ; Synovial membrane ; MRI ; Shoulder ; Bursitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 44-year-old man presented with lipoma arborescens of the right shoulder, associated with a rotator cuff tear. MRI revealed villous proliferations with signal intensity of fat on all pulse sequences. At surgery, this bursa was found to contain moderately yellow cloudy fluid without fat globules. Histological examination of the lesion showed subsynovial accumulation of mature fat cells.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Soft tissue sarcoma ; Aneurysm ; Vascular malformation ; MRI ; Digital subtraction angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Differentiation of vascular abnormalities from soft tissue sarcomas may be difficult on clinical grounds, but is usually possible on imaging criteria. We report the MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings in a patient presenting with a mass behind the knee. We discuss differentiating features and review the literature of similar cases.
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  • 54
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteoblastoma ; Spine ; Radiography ; CT ; MRI ; Pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objectives. To illustrate the CT and MRI features of spinal osteoblastomas and correlate the imaging with histological findings. Design. In a retrospective review the CT and MRI features of spinal osteoblastomas with respect to mineralisation, signal intensity (SI), adjacent reactive changes, enhancement following gadolinium-DTPA (5 cases) and adjacent soft tissue masses were compared and correlated with the histological findings including the degree of osteoid formation and matrix mineralisation, vascularity and surrounding reactive changes in bone and soft tissue. Patients. Eleven patients (7 males and 4 females; age range 8–43 years, mean age 19.5 years) with 12 osteoblastomas (1 patient suffered a recurrence) were studied. Results. All lesions showed classical features on CT with varying degrees of matrix mineralisation, whereas MRI identified mineralisation in only eight of 12 cases. MRI showed low signal intensity of the lesion on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences in several cases in the absence of heavy mineralisation. In these cases, histological examination revealed diffuse osteoid production by the tumour. All patients given gadolinium showed enhancement within the tumour on MRI. Reactive bone marrow changes were identified on MRI in 10 cases, and in five of these the changes were at multiple levels. An adjacent soft tissue mass was demonstrated in five cases, but extraosseous tumour was present histologically in only two of these. Conclusions. The MRI appearances of spinal osteoblastomas are varied and show no characteristic features. MRI may also overestimate the extent of the lesion due to extensive reactive changes and adjacent soft tissue masses. CT should continue to be the investigation of choice for the characterisation and local staging of suspected spinal osteoblastomas.
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 49-51 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Cryptococcoma ; sacrum ; Cryptococcoma ; immunocompromised ; MRI ; sacrum ; CT ; sacrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cryptococcoma of the sacrum was the initial presentation of systemic cryptococcosis in a patient on chronic steroid therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. The bone lesion was the only overt manifestation of systemic cryptococcal disease, which preceded other clinical manifestations and led to the subsequent diagnosis of systemic infection.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Intraneural ganglion ; Peroneal nerve palsy ; Drop foot ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of peroneal nerve palsy caused by an intraneural ganglion is presented. The cystic mass was located posterolateral to the lateral femoral condyle and extended along the common peroneal nerve distal to the origin of the peroneus longus muscle. The nerve was compressed in the narrow fibro-osseous tunnel against the fibula neck and the tight origin of the peroneus longus muscle. The nerve was decompressed by complete tumor excision and transection of the origin of the peroneus longus muscle. Full recovery of nerve function was obtained in 6 months.
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  • 57
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 545-560 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Trauma ; Joints ; injuries ; Joints ; radiography ; Joints ; MRI ; Cartilage ; Bones ; fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Fractures involving the articulating surfaces of bone are a common cause of chronic disability after joint injury. Acute fractures of the articular surface typically run parallel to the surface and are confined to the cartilage and/or the immediate subchondral cancellous bone. They should be distinguished from vertical or oblique bone fractures with intra-articular extension. This article reviews the mechanism of acute articular surface injuries, as well as their incidence, clinical presentation, radiologic appearance and treatment. A classification is presented based on direct inspection (arthroscopy) and imaging (especially MRI), emphasizing the distinction between lesions with intact (subchondral impaction and subchondral bone bruises) and disrupted (chondral, osteochondral lesions) cartilage. Hyaline cartilage, subchondral bone plate and subchondral cancellous bone are to be considered an anatomic unit. Subchondral articular surface lesions, osteochondral fractures and solely chondral fractures are different manifestations of impaction injuries that affect the articulating surface. Of the noninvasive imaging modalities, conventional radiography and MRI provide the most relevant information. The appropriate use of short tau inversion recovery, T1-weighted and T2-weighted (turbo) spin-echo as well as gradient-echo sequences, enables MRI to classify the various acute articular surface lesions with great accuracy and provides therapeutic guidance.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words CT ; MRI ; Temporomandibular joint ; Temporal bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. During routine MR imaging of temporomandibular joints we have observed that an area of low signal is sometimes identified within the temporal bone overlying the glenoid fossa on proton-density sequences. This finding at times simulates a mass. CT in this situation has demonstrated marked pneumatization of the mastoid air cell extending to that portion of the temporal bone overlying the glenoid fossa. We undertook a clinical study to determine the frequency and appearance of such a finding. Design and patients. We reviewed the images of 12 patients who underwent both MR and CT examinations of their temporomandibular joints. The authors, by consensus, graded all 24 joints using a four-point scale for the presence and appearance of a low-signal area overlying the glenoid fossa on the MR images prior to seeing the corresponding CT images. We then compared our grading with the findings on CT to assess for the presence and extent of pneumatization of the temporal bone overlying the glenoid fossa. Results. Of the 24 joints reviewed there was identical extent of low signal on MR imaging and extent of pneumatization on CT in 22 of 24 joints. In two of the 24 joints assessed there was overestimation of pneumatization due to extensive sclerosis secondary to surgery. Conclusion. The findings of an area of low signal overlying the glenoid fossa on a T2-weighted scan of a nonoperative temporomandibular joint is often due to extensive temporal bone pneumatization of the mastoid air cells. Recognition of the nature of this finding will avoid mistaking it for a fibrous or osseous lesion. Patients with previous operative history may, however, require further investigation with CT.
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  • 59
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 584-589 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Myxopapillary ependymoma ; Sacrum ; Osteolysis ; X ray ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The authors report an unusual case of sacral osteolytic myxopapillary ependymoma treated with curettage and radiotherapy. There is no evidence of recurrence 8 years after treatment. A review of the literature is presented on sacral ependymomas presenting with an osteolytic radiographic appearance (24 cases in 18 reports). The differential diagnosis with other sacral neoplasms is discussed.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Osteochondroma ; Chondroma ; Extraskeletal tumor ; Soft tissue tumor ; Foot ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of pathologically proven extraskeletal osteochondroma is presented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), bone scan and radiographic findings. The diagnosis of extraskeletal osteochondroma should be considered when a discrete, ossified mass is localized in the soft tissues of the distal extremities. Nomenclature surrounding this entity is controversial and is discussed.
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  • 61
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 616-620 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Joint ; MRI ; Infectious arthritis ; Septic joint ; Inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To differentiate the MR features of septic versus nonseptic inflamed joints. Design and patients. Thirty patients were referred for MRI with inflamed joints (19 were subsequently found to be septic and 11 nonseptic). At 1.5 T enhanced MRI five groups of signs related to joint space, synovium, cartilage, bone and peri-articular soft tissue respectively were assessed and compared between the septic and nonseptic groups. Results. The prevalence of MRI findings in septic versus nonseptic joints (respectively) was as follows: effusion (79% vs 82%), fluid outpouching (79% vs 73%), fluid heterogeneity (21% vs 27%), synovial thickening (68% vs 55%), synovial periedema (63% vs 55%), synovial enhancement (94% vs 88%), cartilage loss (53% vs 30%), bone erosions (79% vs 38%), bone erosions enhancement (77% vs 43%), bone marrow edema (74% vs 38%), bone marrow enhancement (67% vs 50%), soft tissue edema (63% vs 78%), soft tissue enhancement (67% vs 71%), periosteal edema (11% vs. 10%). The presence of bone erosions appeared to be an indicator for an infected joint (P=0.072); coexistence of bone marrow edema slightly improves the significance (0.068). A similar trend was obtained when combining bone erosions with either synovial thickening, synovial periedema, bone marrow enhancement or soft tissue edema (P=0.075). Conclusions. The combination of bone erosions with marrow edema is highly suggestive for a septic articulation; the additional coexistence of synovial thickening, synovial edema, soft tissue edema or bone marrow enhancement increases the above level of confidence. Similar to conventional radiography, the single sign that appeared to show a significant trend was the presence of bone erosions. However, no single sign or combination could either be considered pathognomonic or exclude the presence of a joint infection.
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  • 62
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 655-657 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Acromegaly ; Locking ; Metacarpophalangeal joint ; Osteophyte ; Volar plate hypertrophy ; Radiography ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 39-year-old man with acromegaly exhibited locking of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of both index fingers. Large osteophytes were found at the metacarpal heads by radiography and computerized tomography (CT). Magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed hypertrophy of volar plates. We suggest that these characteristic acromegalic features caused locking of MCP joints. Surgery was required on one of the joints to release the locking.
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  • 63
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 658-660 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Medial collateral ligament ; tear ; interposition ; Knee ; MRI ; Posterolateral dislocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Displacement of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) into the medial knee joint is an extremely rare finding associated with MCL tears, and is easily diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging. A case of intra-articular interposition of the MCL during a severe knee injury is presented. A radiolucent ”fat stripe” sign and adjacent skin dimpling on radiographs may be relatively specific indicators of this injury.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Shoulder ; arthrography ; Shoulder ; comparative studies ; Shoulder ; injury ; Shoulder ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose. In a patient with internal derangement of the shoulder, the diagnostic method of choice is controversial. Conventional arthrography can diagnose most rotator cuff tears accurately; however, in many institutions MR arthrography is usually necessary to diagnose labral tears. We utilized decision tree methodology to compare the cost- effectiveness of conventional arthrography and conventional MRI with a hypothetical algorithm in which a patient underwent arthrography, performed with admixed gadolinium, which if negative, was followed by MRI. Design. The use of double-contrast arthrography alone, conventional MRI alone, and gadolinium-enhanced MRI used as an adjunct to conventional arthrography were modeled for the diagnosis of full-thickness rotator cuff tears (RCT), partial RCTs, labral tears, and the absence of cuff/labral tears using decision analysis methodology. English language medical publications were searched to determine the base probabilities for the accuracy of the diagnostic tests. The outcome utilities ranged from –1 to +1 to reflect the value of correct diagnostic evaluation. Charges for diagnostic tests and appropriate surgical treatments were based on 1997 Medicare reimbursement rates for professional fees and hospital charges in an outpatient setting. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of uncertainty regarding the prevalence of each disease state and the accuracy of several diagnostic tests. Results. In the base-case analysis, the average effectiveness of double-contrast arthrography alone, MRI alone and arthrography selectively followed by MRI were 0.6610, 0.6715, and 0.7204, respectively. The average costs for each of these strategies were $1090, $2033, and $2339, respectively. Conclusion. Arthrography performed with admixed diluted gadolinium, which if negative is immediately followed by MRI, was somewhat more expensive than conventional MRI. However, because of much greater effectiveness, cost-effectiveness was significantly higher for our proposed algorithm. Conventional arthrography without gadolinium, although less expensive, had severely limited effectiveness.
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 703-709 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Proliferative myositis ; Childhood ; Lumbar muscles ; Ossification ; X-ray ; CT ; MRI ; PET
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of proliferative myositis in the lumbar paraspinal muscles in a 14-year-old boy is presented. Imaging investigations including plain radiograph, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scan and positron emission tomography (PET) were suggestive of an inflammatory process such as myositis ossificans. The diagnosis was made by incisional biopsy. More pronounced edema, more muscle fiber necrosis and a higher cellularity were found compared to adult cases. The karyotype of the lesion was normal. Clinically, the mass disappeared spontaneously. After 24 months, asymptomatic bridging ossification between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae was noted.
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  • 66
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 61-74 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Ligament ; Ligament injury ; MRI ; Soft tissue injury ; Soft tissue trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Magnetic resonance imaging has had a dramatic effect on the means by which we diagnose ligament injuries. Tears resulting from either acute trauma or overuse can be detected noninvasively, directing appropriate therapy be it conservative or surgical. For the elite athlete, earlier diagnosis leads to earlier intervention, or alternatively, a normal MRI examination can result in an earlier return to play. While MRI is accepted for the diagnosis of certain injuries such as complete tears of the cruciate ligaments of the knee, other injuries, such as partial cruciate ligament tears or tears of the intercarpal ligaments of the wrist, remain controversial.
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  • 67
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 717-722 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Sarcoid ; vertebrae ; Sarcoid ; rib ; Sarcoid ; calvarium ; Osteolytic ; CT ; MRI ; Surgical fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Skeletal sarcoidosis is rare. This report describes a 31-year-old African American man who presented with a destructive osteolytic lesion of C2 and another lesion in a rib. The lesion at C2 was treated with corpectomy and bone graft. Four months later the lesion recurred and a new lesion was discovered in the cervical vertebral column. The patient declined surgery for instability for another 3 months, choosing to remain in a halo. Seven months following the initial operation, a technetium bone scan showed spread of the disease to the calvarium and thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. The patient had no symptoms referable to these sites. The patient agreed to have his neck fused at this point. For the next 10 months, the patient was on steroids and a further new lesion appeared at L5 without localizing signs or symptoms. The patient declined further evaluation over the next 12 months and is now considered lost to follow-up.
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  • 68
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Bone neoplasms ; Osteosarcoma ; Parosteal osteosarcoma ; Metatarsal ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 70-year-old man presented with increasing swelling of 2 years’ duration, on the dorsal aspect of the forefoot. Imaging studies revealed a heavily calcified surface lesion of bone with early invasion of the underlying second metatarsal. Both imaging findings and the subsequent resection histology were consistent with a parosteal osteosarcoma, which is particularly rare at this site and at this age. The differential diagnosis of a mineralizing surface lesion of bone arising in the foot is discussed.
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Intramuscular lipoma ; Liposarcoma ; Malignant soft tissue tumors ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To investigate the spectrum of magnetic resonance (MR) findings of intramuscular lipoma. Design and patients. A retrospective review of 17 consecutive cases of intramuscular lipoma examined with MR imaging was undertaken. Features assessed included the size and margin of the mass; the homogeneity of the contents, including the presence or absence of intermingled muscle fibers; whether the mass was uninodular or multinodular; and the presence of linear structures between and within the tumor nodules. Three well-differentiated liposarcomas and one dedifferentiated liposarcoma associated with lipoma-like components were also studied to allow a comparison of the benign and malignant lesions. Results. The diameter of the intramuscular lipomas varied from less than 3 cm to more than 10 cm. Ten of the intramuscular lipomas were homogeneous but the remaining seven were inhomogeneous with intermingled muscle fibers within the mass. The intramuscular lipomas were well defined in 12 cases, and infiltrative in five. In one case the margin of the lesion showed prominent infiltration of the surrounding muscle tissue. Of the 17 cases of intramuscular lipoma, 15 were composed of a single nodule, whereas three of four cases of liposarcoma were composed of multinodular masses. Conclusion. The MR findings of intramuscular lipoma varied from a small, single and homogeneous mass identical to ordinary (superficial) lipoma, to a large, inhomogeneous lesion with an infiltrative margin. The presence of infiltrative margins and intermingled muscle fibers in intramuscular lipoma indicates a benign lesion rather than malignancy. In addition, uninodularity of the mass is helpful in differentiating intramuscular lipoma from well-differentiated liposarcoma.
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 163-168 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words SAPHO syndrome ; Spine ; MRI ; Spondyloarthropathy ; Pustulosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report on the MRI findings in the vertebrae and surrounding soft tissues in two patients with the SAPHO syndrome (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis). The MRI findings include abnormal bone marrow signal, either focal or diffuse, of the vertebral bodies and posterior elements; hyperintense paravertebral soft tissue swelling and abnormal signal of the intervertebral discs. These changes are consistent with discitis and osteitis.
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    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 16-24 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Sprunggelenk ; Sprunggelenksverletzung ; Bandverletzung ; Streßradiographie ; MRT ; Key words Ankle ; Ankle injuries ; Ligament injuries ; Stress X-ray ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The diagnosis of lateral collateral ankle ligament trauma is based on patient history, clinical examination, and clinical stress tests. If the clinical stress test is positive, stress radiography could be performed. There is no consensus about the usefulness of stress radiography in acute ankle sprain, particularly about the cut-off talar tilt angle beyond which a two-ligament rupture would be certain, ranging from 5° to 30°. Today MRI is not used for this indication, although it allows, with controlled positioning of the foot and with defined sections, visualization of injured lateral collateral ankle ligaments. In ankle injuries, plain radiographs form the established basis of diagnostic imaging and can provide definitive answers in most cases. CT is used in complex fractures for complete visualization. MRI is the method of choice for several diagnostic problem cases, including occult fractures and post-traumatic avascular necrosis. In tendon injuries, MRI is important if ultrasound is not diagnostic. Generally, for the evaluation of acute ankle injuries, MRI is the most important second-step procedure when radiographs are nondiagnostic.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Diagnose einer lateralen Bandverletzung beim frischen Sprunggelenkstrauma fußt auf der Anamnese, der klinischen Untersuchung und klinischen Streßtests. Bei positiven klinischen Streßtests kann eine Streßradiographie durchgeführt werden. Es gibt keine Übereinstimmung für den Wert der Streßradiographie beim frischen Supinationstrauma des Sprunggelenks, insbesonders für den Winkel der Aufklappbarkeit bei einer Zweibandverletzung, der von 5°–30° reicht. Die MRT wird zur Zeit bei dieser Indikation nur in Einzelfällen benutzt, obwohl sie mit definierter Fußpositionierung und Ausrichtung der Untersuchungsebene eine ausgezeichnete Beurteilung der Sprunggelenksbänder erlaubt. Bei knöchernen Sprunggelenksverletzungen ist die Verwendung des konventionellen Röntgen die etablierte Methode und meist diagnostisch. Die CT kommt bei komplexen Frakturen zum Einsatz, um das gesamte Frakturausmaß darzustellen. Die MRT ist die Methode der Wahl bei verschiedenen Problemfällen wie okkulter Fraktur oder posttraumatischer Osteonekrose. Bei Sehnenverletzungen ist die MRT wichtig, falls eine Ultraschalluntersuchung nicht zur Diagnose führt. Allgemein entwickelt sich bei der Untersuchung der frischen Sprunggelenksverletzung die MRT zur zweitwichtigsten bildgebenden Methode, falls das konventionelle Röntgen zu keiner ausreichenden Diagnose kommt.
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  • 72
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fraktur im Kindesalter ; Epiphyse ; Triplanare Fraktur ; MRT ; Key words Fracture in children ; Epiphyseal plate ; Triplane fracture ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Plain film radiography often underestimates the extent of injury in children with epiphyseal fracture. Especially Salter-Harris V fractures (crush fracture of the epiphyseal plate) are often primarily not detected. MRI of the ankle was performed in 10 children aged 9–17 (mean 14) years with suspected epiphyseal injury using 1.0-T Magnetom Expert. The fractures were classified according to the Salter-Harris-Rang-Odgen classification and compared with the results of plain radiography. In one case MRI could exclude epiphyseal injury; in four cases the MRI findings changed the therapeutic management. The visualisation of the fracture in three orthogonal planes and the possibility of detection of cartilage and ligamentous injury in MR imaging makes this method superior to conventional radiography and CT. With respect to radiation exposure MRI instead of CT should be used for the dignosis of epiphyseal injuries in children.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik unterschätzt häufig das Ausmaß der kindlichen Extremitätenfrakturen mit Epiphysenbeteiligung (Typ Salter-Harris). Insbesondere werden die Kompressionsfrakturen der Wachstumsfuge (Salter-Harris V) primär häufig nicht erkannt. Prospektiv wurden 10 Kinder im Alter von 9–17 Jahren (Durchschnittsalter=14 J.) mit Verdacht auf eine epiphysäre Fraktur der distalen Tibia magnetresonanztomographisch (1.0-Tesla Magnetom Expert), untersucht. Die MRT-Ergebnisse wurden auf der Basis der Klassifikation nach Salter-Harris-Rang-Odgen mit den konventionellen Röntgenbildern verglichen. In einem Fall, bei einem 15jährigen Patienten, gelang durch die MRT der Ausschluß einer epiphysären Verletzung. In 7 Fällen führte der MRT-Einsatz zu einer Änderung der Klassifikation nach Salter-Harris. Hieraus resultierte bei 4 Patienten ein Therapiewechsel. Da Frakturen, die sie begleitenden Knorpelläsionen und ligamentäre Verletzungen multiplanar dargestellt werden können, weist die MRT deutliche Vorteile gegenüber jeder anderen diagnostischen Methode (z.B. konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik, CT) auf. Im Hinblick auf die Strahlenexposition ist sie besonders bei Kindern eindeutig zu bevorzugen.
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  • 73
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    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 876-881 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kraniale arteriovenöse Duratisteln ; MRA ; DSA-Interventionelle Neuroradiologie ; Endovaskulärer Verschluß ; Key words Dural arterio-venous fistula ; MRI ; DSA ; Interventional Neuroradiology ; Venous occlusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary DAVF are difficult to recognize with CT- or MR-imaging. Diagnosis is often possible by arterial MRA. The type of the venous drainage as demonstrated by DSA is relevant for the clinical decision. Most often the endovascular occlusion of the affected venous segment a suitable therpeutical approach.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kraniale arteriovenöse Durafisteln (DAVF) sind in der Schnittbilddiagnostik schwierig, am besten mittels der arteriellen MRA erkennbar. Klinisch ist die Einteilung nach dem in der DSA ermittelten venösen Drainagetyp relevant. Therapeutisch kommt in erster Linie der transvenöse endovasculäre Verschluss in Betracht.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Retrocochleäre Taubheit ; CISS-3D-Sequenz ; MRT ; N. cholearis ; Aplasie ; Atrophie ; Key words Retrocochlear deafness ; Retrocochlear anakusis ; Cochlear nerve aplasia ; Cochlear nerve atrophy ; MRI ; CISS-3D-sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary MRI gains greater importance in the differential diagnosis of retrocochlear hearing loss. Retrocochlear anakusis is rarely caused by aplasia or atrophia of the cochlear nerv. In the following we report about a five year old boy suffering from unilateral deafness, where a strongly T2-weighted CISS-3D MRI sequence demonstrates a missing of the cochlear nerv on the deaf side.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kernspintomographie gewinnt eine immer größere Bedeutung in der Differentialdiagnostik retrocochleärer Hörstörungen. Äußerst selten handelt es sich dabei um eine Aplasie oder Atrophie des N. cochlearis. Im folgenden wird über einen 5jährigen Jungen mit einer einseitigen Anakusis berichtet, bei dem kernspintomographisch mit einer stark T2-gewichteten CISS-3D-Sequenz (CISS: constructive interference of steady state) das Fehlen des N. cochlearis auf der tauben Seite nachgewiesen werden konnte.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter PACS ; Filmlos ; MR ; Key words PACS ; Filmless ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary At our hospital, an average MRI examination comprises 170 images. These examinations were evaluated exclusively on digital reporting systems with two high-resolution monitors for a period of 1 year. A retrospective analysis of this reporting method in comparison with films on a conventional viewing wall was performed with subjective and objective data. Radiologists and technicians were requested to evaluate the system on a subjective scale from 1 to 5 for seven topics (image analysis, inspection, time for reporting, handling, comparison with previous reports, quality of PC laser prints, training period). Moreover, personal interviews were conducted and protocols taken. Patient and image frequency, film costs, data transfer time and amount of system failures were evaluated as objective data. The most important results were: Two thirds of the film checking radiologists prefer the conventional viewing walls over the computer monitors. However, 70% of the residents prefer using the computer monitor for reporting. Seventy percent of the interviewed radiologists considered comparison with former examinations on film very difficult. Digitizing of former MRI examinations was not a convincing method; printing on a standard PC laser printer was considered to yield insufficient quality. The different acceptance between radiologists and residents seems to be related to different experiences. The reduction in film costs (48.6%) will improve further with complete PACS installation in the whole hospital. Data transfer rates are still poor; further improvement of network performance is necessary for convenient work. One whole MRI examination and report could be stored on CD-ROM for a cost of less than 2 euros. This could be a future means of cheap archiving and documentation suitable for viewing on any PC with DICOM III viewer. Images and reports could stay with the patient as in the past.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Durchschnitt werden pro Tag 14,05 Patienten mit durchschnittlich 170 Schichtbildern pro Patient an unserer MRT-Anlage untersucht. Die Befundung dieser Bilder erfolgte über ein Jahr ausschließlich auf digitalen Befundungsstationen, bestehend aus zwei hochauflösenden Monitoren und einer Graphikworkstation. Ein Bildausdruck erfolgte zusätzlich auf einem hochauflösenden Laserpapierdrucker. Auf Grund von subjektiv und objektiv erhobenen Daten wurde ein retrospektiver Vergleich zwischen digitaler Bildschirmbefundung und Filmbefundung am Leuchtkasten durchgeführt. Material und Methode: Befragt wurde aufgrund einer subjektiven Bewertungsskala von 1 bis 5 nach 7 Kriterien. Weiters wurden in Interviews die subjektiven Erfahrungen protokolliert. Objektiv wurde überdies Anzahl und Zeit der Systemausfälle, Filmverbrauch, Untersuchungsfrequenzen, Bildmenge pro Tag sowie Zeitmessungen für Datentransfers gemessen. Ergebnisse: Zwei Drittel der Oberärzte bevorzugten die Leuchtkastenbefundung, 70% der Ärzte in Ausbildung zogen die Befundung auf Bildschirmen vor. 70% der befragten Ärzte sahen als eindeutiger Schwachpunkt des digitalen Befundungssystems den Vorbildvergleich an. Alle befragten Ärzte (n=13) bewerteten die Arbeit mit (auswärtigen) konventionellen MRT-Untersuchungen auf Film und der gleichzeitigen Bildschirmbefundung als besonders mühsam. Das Einscannen von Voruntersuchungen mit Betrachtung am Bildschirm erwies sich als nicht Praxis tauglich, die Dokumentation auf Papierbildern durch PC-Laserausdruck erwies sich als unbrauchbar. Diskussion: Der deutliche Akzeptanzunterschied zwischen Fachärzten und in Ausbildung befindlichen Ärzten ist vermutlich auf die unterschiedliche Vorerfahrung (Vorprägung) zurückzuführen. Die nur 48,6% Reduktion Filmverbrauch werden vermutlich nach einer stärkeren Verbreitung von digitalen Bilddaten verbessert werden. Die tatsächlich erzielten Bildtransferraten liegen derzeit zeitlich weit über den technisch möglichen. Die Optimierungen von Netzwerken und beteiligten Rechnern sind daher dringend erforderlich. Als alternatives Dokumentations- und Ausgabemedium könnte auch die äußerst preiswerte CD-ROM dienen. Sie sind auf jedem gängigen PC-System verwendbar. Das Prinzip, daß Befund und Bilder beim Patienten verbleiben, wäre damit leicht aufrecht zu erhalten.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Calf muscles ; Hypertrophy ; Pseudohypertrophy ; Neuropathy ; Radiculopathy ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Enlargement of the ipsilateral muscle compartment is an exceptional finding in patients with chronic radiculopathy, peripheral nerve injury, anterior horn cell diseases, or acquired peripheral neuropathy. We report radiographic, ultrasonographic, CT and MRI findings in a patient with chronic S1 radiculopathy and another with chronic neuropathy of the common fibular nerve (L4-S2), both presenting with painless enlargement of the calf muscles.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Classification ; Fractures ; MRI ; Thoracolumbar spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To define the state of different structures of the fractured thoracolumbar spine which may play a role in the immediate and long-term mechanical stability on MR images and to investigate the relationship of these findings with the AO classification of spinal injuries. Design. The state of the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, posterior ligamentous complex, cranial and caudal endplates, cranial and caudal discs and the vertebral body were defined using clinical, experimental and radiological data. The state of these structures was reported for each fracture on the MRI examinations and the different MRI features appropriate for different fracture classes were defined. Patients. MRI examinations of 70 patients with 100 fractures of the thoracolumbar spine were used for this study. Results. Wide variations were seen in the state of the structures studied. We could not find a definite pattern to relate these findings with the AO classification scheme. Conclusions. MR findings should be integrated into future classification schemes of thoracolumbar spine fractures. This would enable specific data about the structures involved in the stability of the spine to be acquired. Prospective studies using the criteria developed in this study may help resolve some of the controversies concerning the diagnosis and prognosis of these injuries as well as the development of new classification systems.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Musculotendinous tuberculosis ; ultrasonography ; Musculotendinous tuberculosis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Musculoskeletal tuberculosis usually involves the spine. Tuberculous infection of muscles and tendons is rare. A patient with tuberculous infection of the gracilis muscle and tendon is reported. Lower extremity Doppler ultrasound was initially performed, as the physical examination mimicked deep vein thrombosis. Sonography identified the abnormal muscle and tendon and was then used to guide aspiration. The sonographic appearance of the gracilis muscle and tendon is described and compared with correlative MR images.
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  • 79
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 411-414 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Leiomyoma ; soft tissue ; Leiomyoma ; thigh ; Leiomyoma ; ossified ; MRI ; Radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of ossified leiomyoma of the deep soft tissues of the left thigh is presented. The radiographic appearance suggested a low-grade chondrosarcoma. MRI of the lesion showed signal characteristics similar to muscle on both T1- and T2-weighted spin echo sequences with linear areas of high signal intensity on T1-weighted images consistent with medullary fat in metaplastic bone. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a benign ossified soft tissue leiomyoma.
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  • 80
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 402-406 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Erosions ; Femoral neck ; Synovial desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma) ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 78-year-old woman presented with pain at the left hip. Initial radiographs showed minimal age-related changes. Over the next 2 years she developed large erosions in the left femoral neck and proceeded to hip replacement. Histological examination showed bland spindle cells in a loose and hyalinised collagenous stroma considered to represent a desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma). This is the first reported case of synovial desmoplastic fibroblastoma.
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  • 81
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    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 477-480 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma ; skeletal muscle ; MRI ; forearm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma occurring in skeletal muscle is extremely rare. No reported studies have performed an imaging evaluation of intramuscular spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. We report on such a tumor arising in an unusual site, the right extensor digiti minimi, in a 46-year-old woman. An en bloc resection was performed and the patient has been disease free for 8 years. Radiologic imaging in the present case showed similar findings to those described in intramuscular hemangioma.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Chondrosarcoma ; Osteochondroma ; Bursa ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis is an uncommon autosomal dominant condition in which patients are predisposed to the development of chondrosarcoma. We report a case of a patient who developed a secondary low-grade chondrosarcoma in this setting. The tumor was associated with an unusual multinodular invasive growth pattern into a pre-existing bursa that was present overlying the osteochondroma.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Shoulder ; Biceps tendon ; Anomaly ; Arthroscopy ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A developmental anomaly of the long head of the biceps tendon was found in a cadaveric shoulder. Findings on arthroscopy, routine MR imaging, and MR arthrography were compared and correlated with results of anatomic dissection. MR arthrography appears to be a very good diagnostic imaging method for depicting this anomaly prior to arthroscopy.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ; Schwannoma ; Neurofibroma ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in the peripheral nerves. Design and patients. The clinical, imaging and histologic findings of 99 benign and 16 malignant tumors in the peripheral nerves were reviewed retrospectively. Results. Preoperative motor weakness was observed in only six of 99 benign tumors and was mild, while slight to severe motor weakness was present in 15 of 16 malignant lesions. Pain at rest was present in five of 99 benign tumors and in 15 of 16 malignant tumors. All benign lesions showed a smooth tumoral margin, while half the malignant lesions showed an invasive margin on CT or MRI. Thirteen of 28 benign lesions on CT and nine of 23 on MRI showed round to geographic central enhancement, but this pattern was not seen in malignant lesions. Conclusion. Absence of severe motor weakness and a central enhancement pattern strongly suggest a benign nature, while severe rest pain and invasive tumor margin suggest malignant lesions in peripheral nerve tumors.
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  • 85
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    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 7 (1999), S. 220-225 
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Key words ACL reconstruction ; Semitendinosus tendon ; Regeneration ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract Utilisation of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has become more common during the last few years. In recent studies a regeneration potential in the harvested tendons has been observed. In this study, 11 consecutive patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with a quadruple semitendinosus graft were examined 6–12 months postoperatively by MRI. Another two patients were examined within 2 weeks after surgery. The median age of the patients was 24 years and there were 8 males and 3 females. The right knee was involved in six patients and the left knee in five. A low-field 0.2 Tesla Siemens open MRI was used for examinations and T1 and T2 weighted transaxial sequences over the thigh and the knee joint were performed. In some instances, additional sagittal sequences were used. ROI analysis of the pixel value of the signal and area determinations on transaxial sequences was performed for both the involved and the healthy side. In 8 of the 11 patients examined 6–12 months postoperatively, a regeneration of the semitendinosus tendon with normal anatomical topographies to the level of the tibial plateau was found. Three of these eight patients were analysed more distally and fusion of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons was found approximately 30 mm below the joint line before they inserted as a “conjoined tendon” into the pes anserinus. At the mid-thigh level, the semitendinosus muscle had a smaller area and a higher signal than that on the normal side. However, this difference was smaller in the patients showing normal distal tendon regeneration. This study indicates that the semitendinosus tendon has a strong potential for regeneration and that the muscle atrophy seems to be less in the patients with a more normalised distal insertion of the tendon in the pes anserinus.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: MRI ; wrist coil ; 3-D volume measurements ; C6 glioma ; MRI mouse brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study, using high resolution coils; implanted growing rat brain tumors were imaged sequentially with 3-D measurements generated by means of a clinical magnetic resonance imaging system (CMRI) and commercially available wrist coil. Ten female Sprague–Dawley rats were used, eight were implanted with C6 rat glioma cells and two served as controls. The images that were used for the three-dimensional (3-D) measurements were obtained from T1 weighted post contrast sequences. A commercially available computer work station with 3-D image analysis software was used to generate the tumor volumes. In addition to the rat studies a mouse was included to see if the resolution would be adequate for imaging very small brains. Six rats had brain tumor growth after transplantation and two rats did not have any tumor growth, however, their images were similar to the controls animals. Tumor volumes varied widely among the implanted rats. The number of implanted tumor cells had no direct relationship to developing tumor volumes. This study demonstrates that high resolution images of a rat brain tumor can be obtained from a CMRI system using a commercially available wrist coil which is capable of imaging two rats at the same time or even a mouse brain. A commercially available computer work station was able to generate the tumor volumes. The ability to image brain tumor and generate volume measurements over time has potential for animal research.
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  • 87
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    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 15 (1999), S. 151-160 
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: MRI ; congenital heart disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Current MR techniques enable both anatomical and functional evaluations of the heart. Although it is rarely used as a primary diagnostic tool in pediatric cardiology, it can be used as a valuable adjunct to echocardiography and angiography. MRI is particularly useful in clarification of morphology of complex congenital heart diseases. It is the most accurate method of determination of visceral and atrial situs. It is easy to evaluate the systemic and pulmonary venous connections that are very important for the Fontan type of operation, especially in patients with visceral heterotaxy. It facilitates demonstration of diminutive pulmonary arteries in patients with pulmonary atresia. It clearly demonstrates juxtaposition of the atrial appendages that is often missed by echocardiography. The anatomy of the twisted atrioventricular connections is much more clear in MRI than in echocardiography. It enables en face imaging of ventricular septal defect that provides a surgical view. We find en face imaging particularly helpful in patients with double inlet left ventricle and transposition of the great arteries where the size of the ventricular septal defect governs the blood flow into the aorta. It is often advantageous to echocardiography in defining the type of univentricular atrioventricular connections by demonstrating the position and topology of the rudimentary chamber in difficult cases. In double outlet right ventricle, the spatial relationship of the ventricular septal defect to the great arterial valves can be clearly defined by visualizing the ventricular septal defect and the outlet septum in the same imaging plane.
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  • 88
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 1 (1999), S. S92 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wachstumsalter ; MRI ; Beckenfraktur ; Wirbelsäulenfraktur ; Key words Childhood ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pelvic fracture ; Spinal injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract According to the literature, from 1950 to 1995 the overall risk for children of sustaining a fracture of the spinal column or the pelvic ring doubled, the main reason being the increasing incidence of high-energy trauma caused by newly popular sporting activities such as skateboarding, inline skating and mountain biking. Nonetheless, even specialized pediatric level I trauma centers in Europe and the United States of America report an incidence of below 5% for severe spinal injuries and fractures of the pelvis. Although these specific injury patters are seen relatively infrequently, whenever present they are still highly indicative of high-velocity injury mechanisms, frequently revealing a combination of injuries – each of which would be serious in itself – involving the body cavities and the soft tissues of the trunk an extremities. In summary, spinal cord injuries and pelvic ring fractures are rare but can be serious: cervical and spinal cord injuries without radiological abnormality appear to be more frequent than in adults, and the availability of nuclear magnetic imaging technologies has helped in the diagnosis of unsuspected cord injury in children. In addition, retrospective analysis of purely nonoperative management of highly unstable C-type injuries of the spine and the pelvic ring reveal some unsatisfactory results, so that specifically for these injury morphologies the alternative of an operative strategy might be considered. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss various injury patterns in which an operative concept could be considered, particularly for a multiply injured child.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verletzungen des Rückenmarks und Sprengungen des knöchernen Beckenrings liegen im Kindesalter auch im Krankengut spezialisierter Zentren unter 5%. Besonders beachtenswert erscheint hierbei, daß Rückenmark- und besonders Halswirbelsäulenverletzungen v. a. beim Kind häufig keine ossäre Mitbeteiligung der Wirbelsäule zeigen und erst durch kernspintomographische Diagnostik erfaßt werden können. Desgleichen zeigt sich bei der retrospektiven Auswertung, daß ein pauschales, rein konservatives Management aller Verletzungstypen, d. h. v.a. der sog. C-Verletzungstypen an der Wirbelsäule und am Becken, z. T. unbefriedigende Behandlungsergebnisse zeigt und daher zunehmend bei bestimmten, im weiteren näher besprochenen Verletzungskonstellationen ein eher operatives Grundkonzept diskutiert wird. Neue Erkenntnisse zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Wirbelsäulen- und Beckenverletzung beim Kind liegen insofern vor, als 1. neuere epidemiologische Erhebungen heute eine präzisere, d. h. nicht nur empirisch gesicherte Unterscheidung der selten von eher regelmäßig anzutreffenden Verletzungstypen und Frakturmorphologien erlauben, 2. durch vergleichsweise „neue“ Sportarten wie „Scate-boarding“ und „Mountain-biking“ ganz generell eine statistisch belegte Zunahme von Hochrasanztraumen und komplexen Verletzungsmustern beim Kind beobachtet werden kann sowie 3. generell v.a. beim mehrfachverletzten Kind heute eine eher aggressivere Gangart, d. h. ein in bestimmten Einzelaspekten eher operatives Versorgungskonzept angestrebt wird. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit sind 1. eine Analyse der als besonders bedeutsam erkannten Verletzungsformen sowie 2. eine Darstellung der heute in Veränderung begriffenen Behandlungskonzepte v.a. beim mehrfachverletzten Kind.
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  • 89
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    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 1515-1517 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: leukoencephalopathy ; MRI ; myeloma ; polyneuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: No case of leukoencephalopathy has been reported associated with multiple myeloma. Patients: We report on two patients with a very rare association of leukoencephalopathy and multiple myeloma revealed by cognitive impairment. Results: Chemotherapy has improved neurological and biological signs. Radiological abnormalities have been stabilized. Conclusion: The authors suggest that leukoencephalopathy is probably a direct cerebral expression of malignant gammopathy.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: MRI ; foamy oil ; maps ; T2 ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this work is to present the results of the phase behavior study for a live heavy oil during a pressure depletion process using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a tool to characterize foamy oil phenomena. The experiments were carried out in the pressure range of 13.1 to 1.4 MPa. Signal intensity images were obtained at each pressure and with respect to time, that is, approximately for a total time of 3 h after each pressure change. It is possible to see a variation in intensity across the sample. These changes can be associated with changes in mobility as well as segregation of the oil. It was also possible to observe that what we trust is the formation of gas channels at the last two pressure values, as it comes out of solution. A correlation between the transverse relaxation time T2 and temperature was established with the aim of producing one between T2 and viscosity. In this way viscosity maps for the live oil were obtained as a function of pressure and time. It was observed that above the bubble point, the viscosity maps varied from low to high to low with respect to time for the same pressure. Below the bubble point the situation is reverse. The viscosity map changes from high to low to high with respect to time for the same pressure. The study shows the potential use of MRI to follow viscosity changes during pressure depletion test in a PVT MRI cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: pituitary adenoma ; neoplasm ; macroadenoma ; MRI ; nasopharynx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a giant pituitary adenoma with aggressive histologic features that prominently invaded the nasopharynx. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large heterogeneous nodular mass that was hypointense to isointense on T1-weighted images and mixed hypointense, isointense, and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. The mass measured 7.5×5×7 cm, extending from the nasopharynx posteriorly through the clivus, and superiorly through the paranasal sinuses, and sellar-suprasellar region. After contrast administration, heterogeneous nodular enhancement was noted. A nasopharyngeal neoplasm extending into the sella was suspected because voice change and nasal speech long preceded the patient's visual symptoms. A biopsy disclosed an aggressive, infiltrating, hemorrhagic tumor, which was diagnosed as a non-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. This report indicates that pituitary adenomas may grow invasively to tremendously large sizes resulting in their initial presentation as nasopharyngeal masses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 27 (1999), S. 627-640 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Hemodynamics ; Aorto–iliac bifurcation ; MRI ; Rabbits ; In Vivo ; Wall shear stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Study of the relationship between hemodynamics and atherogenesis requires accurate three-dimensional descriptions of in vivo arterial geometries. Common methods for obtaining such geometries include in vivo medical imaging and postmortem preparations (vessel casts, pressure-fixed vessels). We sought to determine the relative accuracy of these methods. The aorto–iliac (A/I) region of six rabbits was imaged in vivo using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After sacrifice, the geometry of the A/I region was preserved via vascular casts in four animals, and ex situ pressure fixation (while preserving dimensions) in the remaining two animals. The MR images and postmortem preparations were used to build computer representations of the A/I bifurcations, which were then used as input for computational blood flow analyses. Substantial differences were seen between MRI-based models and postmortem preparations. Bifurcation angles were consistently larger in postmortem specimens, and vessel dimensions were consistently smaller in pressure-fixed specimens. In vivo MRI-based models underpredicted aortic dimensions immediately proximal to the bifurcation, causing appreciable variation in the aorto–iliac parent/child area ratio. This had an important effect on wall shear stress and separation patterns on the “hips” of the bifurcation, with mean wall shear stress differences ranging from 15% to 35%, depending on the model. The above results, as well as consideration of known and probable sources of error, suggests that in vivo MRI best replicates overall vessel geometry (vessel paths and bifurcation angle). However, vascular casting seems to better capture detailed vessel cross-sectional dimensions and shape. It is important to accurately characterize the local aorto–iliac area ratio when studying in vivo bifurcation hemodynamics. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8719Uv, 8761Lh
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1615-3146
    Keywords: MRT ; CT ; Halswirbelsäulenverletzungen ; MRI ; CT ; Cervical spine trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Traumatic injuries of the cervical spine are of significant medical and socioeconomic importance. The potential of different imaging modalities have to be known to select the optimal imaging tool. The differentiation between functional handicaps without detectable lesions and traumatic lesions is sometimes difficult. The diagnostic work-up of traumatic cervical spine lesions is based on conventional X-ray in 2 planes. The value of the different imaging modalities for the diagnostic work-up of traumatic cervical spine lesions will be discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Traumatische Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule sind von erheblicher medizinischer und sozioökonomischer Bedeutung. Um die heute zur Verfügung stehenden bildgebenden Verfahren optimal einsetzen zu können, ist die Kenntnis der Wertigkeit der einzelnen Verfahren von entscheidender Bedeutung. Eine besondere Schwierigkeit der Diagnose liegt in der Abgrenzung möglicher struktureller Läsionen von rein funktionellen Beeinträchtigungen. Basierend auf konventionellen Röntgenaufnahmen in zwei Ebenen, wird cin Stufenschema zur Diagnostik traumatischer Veränderungen im Halswirbelsäulenbereich vorgestellt und die Wertigkeit der einzelnen bildgebenden Verfahren diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 12-17 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Die heutigen Wälder, die man in Europa vorfindet, waren nicht immer dort. VOr 22000 Jahren - im Hochglazial - gab es nur im Mittelmeergebiet die klimatischen Voraussetzungen für das Wachstum von Bäumen. Allerdings waren dies meist keine dichten Wälder, sondern Steppen mit einzelnen Baumgruppen. Das bedeutet jedoch, daß die heute in Europa wachasenden Bäume während der letzten 12000 Jahre - also seit dem Ende der letzten Eiszeit - nach Mittel- und Nordeuropa eingewandert sein müssen. Am Beispiel der Waldbäume Eiche (Quercus), Hainbuche (Carpinus), Fichtet (Picea) und Tanne (Abies) soll diese Einwanderung aufgezeigt werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 6-11 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Irgendwie wird niemand mehr richtig glücklich mit der Wissenschaft, so erfolgreich sie auch ist und so sehr unsere alltäglichen Verrichtungen von ihren Ergebnissen und Lieferungen auch abhängen. Das Verständnis der öffentlichen Beobachter nimmt trotz aller Bemühungen nicht zu, sondern ab, und die professionellen Betreiber sehen sich unentwegt nach ihrer Verantwortung gefragt und in ethische Debatten verstrickt. Die ursprüngliche Idee, daß Wissenschaft nur gut sein kann, hat massiv an Überzseugungskraft verloren, und dieser Verlust tritt deshalb besonders deutlich hervor, weil man spürt, wie die alte Basis der Rationalität brüchig geworden ist, ohne einen neuen Grund zu erkennen, auf den man in Zukunft bauen kann. Dabei übersehen wir ein Fundament, auf dem Menschen immer schon gestanden haben und zu dem sie also auch zu jeder Zeit wieder zurückkommen können.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 55-55 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 56-57 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 60-60 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999) 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 90-97 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Die fossile Überlieferung aus den letzten präkambrischen Jahrmillionen deutet darauf hin, daß gelatinös organisierte Formenj, also quallenähnlich gebaute Organismen, die das marine Pelagial (den freien Wasserkörper des Meeres) besiedelten ‘3’. Was sie dort vorfanden war jedoch wenig labensfreundlich. Zwar wimmelte das Meer von bakterien und Protozoen, aber im wesentlichen waren die riesigen Wasserräume leer und unbesiedelt. Crustaceen und andere Organisationsformen waren - wenn die Befunde stimmen - noch in der Entwicklungsphase beziehungsweise noch nicht zu der pelagischen Lebensweise übergegangen. Wie überlebten die quallenförmigen Organismen in dieser Umwelt, und warum leben sie noch heute in allen Bereichen des Meeres, von der Flach- bis in die Tiefsee, von den Polen bis zu den Tropen? Der pelagische Lebensraum beinhaltet Tausende von Arten, die viel “höher” organisierten Gruppen angehören, die schneller und kräftiger sind. Wieso wurden die gelatinösen Plankter nicht in irgendeine skurrile Nische gedrängt oder über die Konkurrenz völlig ausgeschaltet? Mögliche Antworten auf diese Fragen finden wir in der Gegenwart.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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