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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (27,412)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical staining patterns of tenascin in invasive breast carcinomas (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tenascin ; Breast carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighty-two cases of primary invasive breast carcinoma and adjacent “normal” mammary glands were examined immunohistochemically for tenascin expression and distribution. Formalin-fixed tissues pretreated with actinase were processed by the avidin-biotin complex method using anti-human tenascin monoclonal antibody (RBC1). In normal mammary glands, tenascin was distributed around the ducts and ductules but not around the acini. In carcinomas, a high incidence of tenascin-positive cases (〉67%) was seen with various histological appearances, with the exception of lobular carcinoma where a low incidence was found (25%). Although intense staining was seen around cancerous foci when compared with normal mammary glands, tenascin was often expressed at cancer-mesenchymal junctions with dense fibrotic stroma, but not at junctions with active inflammatory change and a loose fibrotic stroma. Tenascin expression is not an all-or-none marker for mammary malignancy and the staining pattern suggests either a role in stimulating cancer cells or a host defence mechanism accompanied by a desmoplastic response to them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607139
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell populations in the lesion of human cutaneous leishmaniasis: A light microscopical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To characterize the in situ cellular immune response in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), the authors studied frozen skin biopsies from 50 patients with LCL due toLeishmania braziliensis guyanensis. A panel of 31 monoclonal antibodies was used, which defined the number and distribution of inflammatory cell subsets. Skin inflammatory infiltrates were composed of T cells (with a local CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.05±0.7 vs 1.48±0.3 in peripheral blood), macrophages and a smaller number of B cells, natural killer cells and granulocytes. Most of the T cells expressed activation markers (interleukin-2 and transferrin receptors, HLA-DR+) and an increase in T-cell-receptorγδ expression was noted. Analysis of the CD4+ subpopulations with newly available reagents showed that helper T cells (CD4+CD45RO+) exceeded the suppressor/inducer subset (CD4+CD45RA+) by 1.4∶1. There were no differences between local immune variables from patients with primary infection (45 patients) and those with recurrence (5). In 7 patients, biopsies were analysed before and 1 month after specific treatment, and did not show significant differences except for a small increase of dermal CD1a+ (Langerhans) cells/mm2. The observed pattern of cellular skin infiltration suggests an immune-mediated tissue injury including T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in addition to direct parasitic action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611181
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tenascin in salivary gland tumours (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tenascin ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of tenascin immunoreactivity was analysed in salivary gland tissue and in various benign and malignant tumours of the salivary gland. In the non-neoplastic tissue, tenascin was seen in the areas of basement membranes of the ductal epithelium. No immunoreactivity could be observed in the serous or mucous glands. In pleomorphic adenomas, tenascin immunoreactivity could be seen in the stromal compartment. It was more pronounced in the dense stromal areas and chondroid elements than in the myxoid area. In Warthin's tumours, strong tenascin immunoreactivity could be observed in the basement membrane zone of the epithelial component. In the lymphatic component, faint reticular staining could be seen. In adenoid cystic carcinomas, acinic cell tumours and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, tenascin showed a linear stromal distribution. No intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity could be seen in any of the cases. The widespread tenascin positivity in salivary gland tumours suggests that tenascin may play a role in the induction and progression of salivary gland tumours, presumably by interfering with the normal parenchymal-mesenchymal interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611178
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of thromboxane synthase in human tissues by monoclonal antibody Tü 300 (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thromboxane ; Thromboxane synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mononuclear phagocyte system ; Epithelia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the monoclonal antibody Tü 300 we localized thromboxane synthase, a secondary enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade, employing the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method and indirect double labelling immunofluorescence in frozen sections of human tissues. Aside from platelets, the source of the antigen, all cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system were positive, including epithelioid cells and associated giant cells, starry sky macrophages, dendritic cells of T-cell areas, Langerhans cells and Kupffer cells. In addition, some epithelial cells such as epithelia of tonsillar crypts, reticular epithelia of the thymic cortex and ductular epithelia in liver, pancreas, female breast and salivary glands showed occasional focal reactivity for thromboxane synthase. We suggest that the mAb Tü 300 is a key marker for the macrophage system and the thromboxane generating system in normal and pathological conditions. It may detect functional activities of as yet unknown significance in some specialized epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611182
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease and large cell lymphoma. Immunophenotypic characterization of a composite case (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Composite lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Composite lymphomas have rarely been reported in Hodgkin's disease (HD), except in the lymphocyte predominance sub-type, and immunohistochemical investigations have been performed in only few cases. We describe the histological and immunophenotypical findings in a case of composite nodular sclerosing HD and high-grade, large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In our case HD and NHL cells displayed striking morphological and immunophenotypical divergence, suggesting a lack of correlation between the two neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611185
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of transforming growth factor alpha in human tissues: Immunohistochemical study and Northern blot analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 513-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Transforming growth factor-α ; Human tissues ; Immunohistochemistry ; Northern blotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) was examined in various human tissues and the fetus, using immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analysis. TGF-α immunoreactivity was detected mainly in the epithelial cells of the digestive tract, liver, pancreas, kidney, thyroid, adrenal, skin, mammary gland and genital organs. In the digestive tract, epithelial cells with regenerative change or hyperplastic change showed strong immunoreactivity to TGF-α. Peripheral nerve, vessels, megakaryocytes and macrophages in the lung and spleen were also positive for TGF-α. By Northern blot analysis the expression of TGF-α mRNA was confirmed in the digestive tract, salivary gland, thyroid, kidney and mammary gland. In the human fetus, the nerve tissues, liver, adrenal and kidney were positive for TGF-α. Strong immunoreactivity to TGF-α was observed in the hepatocytes of the fetus. These findings indicate that TGF-α is produced by a variety of nonneoplastic cells in both adult and fetal tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606881
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase in various human tissues using novel monoclonal antibodies (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Calcium ; Adenosine triphosphatase ; Novel monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Novel monoclonal antibodies were raised against sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+)-ATPase of human skeletal muscle. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that these antibodies, designated 6F5 and 7F10, bind Ca2+-ATPase of non-muscle tissue of the adult including parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and photoreceptor cells of the retina as well as skeletal muscle. A positive reaction was also found for fetal tissues including skeletal muscle, heart, chondrocytes and peripheral nerves. Our results for distribution suggest that Ca2+-ATPase is strongly expressed in the tissues and cells in which signal transduction is actively carried out by Ca2+ release from the cytoplasmic Ca2+ pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606883
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder: A distinct variant characterized by small cell undifferentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine features (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Urinary bladder ; Carcinosarcoma ; Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma ; Neuroendocrine differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinicopathological features of two carcinosarcomas of the urinary bladder are reported. The tumours occurred in a 64- and a 66-year-old patient presenting with haematuria and both were polypoid. The epithelial component was consistent with small cell undifferentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, whereas the sarcomatous component did not display specific features. The carcinomatous component showed immunohistochemical reactivity for different epithelial markers as well as for chromogranin and neuron specific enolase. Conversely, the sarcomatous cells stained strongly for vimentin and in one case for muscle actin and smooth muscle actin. The differential diagnosis of biphasic tumours of the bladder is discussed and the literature reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606876
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TNF induces cytoplasmic vesicles in actinomycin D-treated K 562 cells (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 65 (1992), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: TNF ; K 562 ; Leukemia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report here that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) induces peculiar cytoplasmic vesicles in the human erythromyeloid leukemia cell line K 562, sensitized to the cytotoxic action of TNF by a treatment with the inhibitor of transcription actinomycin D. These vesicles are well delineated ultrastructurally. The formation of these vesicles is characteristic for the combination of actinomycin D with TNF and precedes the changes of apoptosis and cellular disintegration. These vesicles correspond to an intermediate step in the cytotoxicity caused by TNF and may indicate that reactive metabolites are involved in the mechanism of action of TNF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells from the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Periodontal ligament fibroblast ; Mineralized nodule ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The purposes of this study were to determine whether periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are capable of producing mineralized nodules in vitro and to analyze ultrastructural features of the nodules. Rat PDL cells were obtained from coagulum in the socket at 2 days after tooth extraction and cultured at confluence in standard medium containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. To test mineralized nodule formation, cells were further cultured for an additional 3 weeks in the standard medium containing (1) ascorbic acid (50 μg/ml) and sodium β-glycerophosphate (10 mM), (2) ascorbic acid, sodium β-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone (5 μM), or (3) ascorbic acid alone. Cells were then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4, and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Threedimensional nodules containing mineralized matrices were formed only when the cells were cultured in the presence of ascorbic acid and dexamethasone. They were composed of multilayered fibroblasts (up to 13 layers), and highly organized collagen fibrils with 64 nm cross-banding patterns between the cell layers. The fibroblasts in the nodules exhibited an elongated shape with a high degree of cytoplasmic polarity throughout the nodule, and have the morphological features of PDL fibroblasts as seen in vivo. Mineral deposition with needle-like crystals was initiated on collagen fibrils located in intercellular spaces of the upper cell layers and became increasingly heavier towards the bottom half of the nodules. X-ray microanalysis and electron diffraction analysis confirmed that mineral deposition contained calcium and phosphate in the form of immature hydroxyapatite. These nodules contained neither osteoblasts nor osteocytes, and have their own morphological organization and characteristics which differ from those formed by bone cells in culture. Therefore, these data suggest that PDL cells are capable of forming mineralized tissue in vitro with the morphological characteristics different from bone mineralized nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296778
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte subsets infiltrating gastric carcinoma after mitomycin C administration (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 35 (1992), S. 297-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocyte subsets ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ; Mitomycin C ; Gastric carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intensity of lymphoid cell infiltration and distribution of lymphocyte subsets in tumors were investigated immunohistochemically on tumor tissues obtained from 11 patients with gastric carcinoma, who had been treated with mitomycin C (MMC), 12 mg/m2, i.v. 5 days before operation. The results were compared with those obtained from 24 untreated patients as controls. In the tumor tissues from pretreated patients, the intensity of lymphoid infiltration was not significantly different from that of untreated patients. However, high-grade infiltration of CD4+ cells was observed in 55% of pretreated patients, whereas only 8% of control patients exhibited the high-grade infiltration (P 〈0.02). Since the CD8+ cell infiltration was not significantly altered, the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells was more frequently estimated to be more than 1 in patients pretreated with MMC, as compared to untreated controls (P 〈0.02). Further, CD25+ cells in pretreated tumor tissues were more predominant than those in control tumor tissues (P 〈0.05). These results suggest that MMC administration induces these alterations in lymphocyte subsets in tumor tissue in patients with gastric carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01741141
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of circulating erythrocytes during the annual cycle of Rana esculenta L. (1992)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 2 (1992), S. 166-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Erythrocytes ; Flow cytometry ; Frog hibernation ; Image analysis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphometrical (image analysis of cell and nuclear shape factor), morphological (electron microscopy) and cytochemical (acridine orange fluoro-chromasia and propidium iodide-DNA flow cytometry) features of circulating red blood cells were investigated during two periods of the annual cycle of Rana esculenta: the active phase (July) and the underground hibernating phase (January). The results showed that the hibernating phase is marked by more homogeneity of the red cells, both at nuclear (strongly condensed chromatin) and cytoplasmic level (loss of intact organelles and acridine orange fluorochromasia). The almost complete disappearance of the ‘immature’ erythrocytes from the circulation, during the hibernating phase, should be related to a decrease of haemopoietic activity and to an increase of life span accompanied by uncommon storage in different organs both at vascular and intracellular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426172
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent pericellular expression of collagen type IV, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan in myofibroblasts (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Collagen type IV ; Laminin ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kollagen IV ; Laminin ; Heparansulfat-Proteoglycan ; Wundalter ; Immunhistochemie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An insgesamt 62 menschlichen Hautwunden mit einer Überlebenszeit zwischen 5 Stunden und 6 Wochen wurde das wundaltersabhängige perizelluläre Auftreten der Basalmembran-Komponenten Kollagen Typ IV, Laminin und Heparansulfat-Proteoglycan (HSPG) in Myofibroblasten untersucht. Laminin und HSPG waren erstmals in einer 1,5 Tage überlebten Hautwunde nachweisbar, Kollagen IV konnte erst nach ca. 4 Tagen beobachtet werden. In Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter von 1 Woche und mehr konnte in 94% der Fälle Laminin, in 70% HSPG und in 63% Kollagen IV perizellulär nachgewiesen werden. Laminin trat hierbei nicht nur in einem höheren Prozentsatz der Fälle, sondern auch in einer größeren Anzahl von Myofibroblasten im Vergleich zu HSPG und v.a. zu Kollagen IV auf. Der positive Nachweis von Laminin oder HSPG bzw. von Kollagen IV in der perizellulären Region von Myofibroblasten weist somit auf ein Wundalter von mindestens ca. 1,5 bzw. 4 Tagen hin. Da die untersuchten Basalmembran-Komponenten auch noch um Myofibroblasten älterer Hautwunden (6 Wochen Wundalter) nachweisbar waren, kann durch die immunhistochemische Darstellung dieser Proteine keine zusätzliche Aussage über das Alter von Wunden mit längerer überlebenszeit getroffen werden. Die semiquantitative Auswertung ergab keine für eine Wundaltersbestimmung verwertbare Korrelation zwischen der Zahl positiv anfärbbarer Myofibroblasten und der überlebenszeit.
    Notes: Summary Human skin wounds (n = 62) with a wound age between 5 h and 6 weeks were investigated. The appearance of cell-associated pericellular basement membrane components collagen type IV, laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in myofibroblasts was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Laminin and HSPG were first detectable around myofibroblasts approximately 1.5 days after wounding. Collagen type IV did not appear before the 4th day after wound infliction. In wounds more than 7 days old, 94% of the cases showed fibroblastic cells positively staining for laminin, 70% of the wounds contained fibroblastic cells positive for HSPG and in 63% a positive reaction for collagen type IV was obtained around these cells. The numbers of the cases as well as of the cells positively stained for laminin exceeded the corresponding values for HSPG and especially for collagen type IV. The pericellular appearance of laminin or HSPG around myofibroblasts, therefore, indicates a wound age of at least approximately 1.5 days. The pericellular localization of collagen type IV indicates a survival time of approximately 4 days or more. Since these proteins are still detectable in the pericellular region of myofibroblasts in skin wounds with advanced wound age (6 weeks) further information for the time-estimation of older human skin lesions cannot be obtained. A semiquantitative analysis revealed no significant correlation between the number of positively stained cells and the wound age, rendering this parameter unsuitable for a practicable time-estimation of human wounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01625171
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leiomyosarcomas in children: clinical and pathologic characteristics (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 7 (1992), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma ; Children ; Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathologic diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are extremely rare in children, accounting for only 2% of their soft-tissue sarcomas [11]. We report our experience with nine children treated for LMS between 1962 and 1990. Their ages at diagnosis ranged from 1 day to 17 years (median 5 years); six were female and eight were Caucasian. Five tumors were stromal sarcomas originating in the gut (ileum 2, stomach 1, jejunum, sigmoid 1). Three were intra-abdominal tumors that originated in the retroperitoneum (2) and abdominal wall (1). In one patient the tumor appeared in the subcutis of the thigh. Operations were uniformly performed, resulting in complete resection of the tumor in six of nine cases. Five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and one received radiation therapy only. Five patients were alive 6–38 months (median 16 months) after diagnosis. The remaining four died of their disease 4–27 months after diagnosis, three of locally recurrent disease and one of hepatic metastasis. Four of the six patients with complete resection were alive 6–27 months after diagnosis. Both patients with low-grade (grade I) sarcomas had complete resections and were alive 33–38 months after diagnosis. Clinical outcome correlated roughly with the mitotic rate of the tumors, as all three patients with mitotic count 〉5/10 high power fields (HPF) died between 4 and 14 months after diagnosis. Immunohistochemical stains using the avidin-biotin-complex procedure on formalin-fixed tissue were performed for six tumors. Only muscle-specific actin (MSA) was uniformly positive (6/6). The other significant marker was desmin, which was positive in three tumors. Favorable outcome of LMS in children correlates best with low mitotic counts (〈5/10 HPF), low tumor grade, and complete surgical excision. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests that these tumors are of myogenic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183916
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testicular sex cord-stromal lesions: Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin, vimentin and steroidogenic enzymes (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Testis ; Sex cord-stromal tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Steroidogenesis ; Intermediate filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied immunolocalization of all steroidogenic enzyme involved in sex steroids biosynthesis, P-450 side chain cleavage (P-450scc), 3β hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD),P-450 17α hydroxylase (P-45014α) andP-450 aromatase (P-450arom) and that of vimentin and cytokeratin in 14 cases of testicular sex cord-stromal tumours (6 Leydig cell tumours, 5 Sertoli cell tumours, 2 fibromas and 1 granulosa cell tumour) as well as 4 cases of hyperplasia (2 Leydig and 2 Sertoli). Leydig cell tumour expressed all four steroidogenic enzymes examined, indicating that this tumour can synthesize oestrogen from cholesterol. In 2 cases of Sertoli cell tumour, the tumour cells with clear cytoplasm and without Reinke's crystals expressedP-450ssc, 3β-HSD andP-45017α, suggesting the capability of androgen production in these tumour cells. Fibromas and granulosa cell tumour were negative for the enzymes examined. In immunohistochemistry of intermediate filaments, Leydig cell tumours demonstrated only vimentin. Sertoli cells in hyperplasia and non-neoplastic testis expressed only vimentin but Sertoli cell tumours expressed both cytokeratin and vimentin. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity was correlated with morphological epithelial differentiation in Sertoli cell tumour. These findings in testicular Sertoli cell tumour are considered to represent the multiple differentiation capacity of this neoplasm. Immunohisto-chemical study of steroidogenic enzymes and intermediate filaments provided new insight into neoplastic steroidogenesis and the differentiation capacity of testicular sex cordstromal neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607050
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical evaluation of E-cadherin adhesion molecule expression in human gastric cancer (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; E-cadherin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cancer invasion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary E-cadherin (ECD) is one of subclasses of the cadherin family which plays a major role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesion in epithelial tissues. An immunohistochemical study of ECD expression was performed on gastric adenocarcinoma from 103 patients using our monoclonal antibody for human ECD (HECD-1). ECD was strongly expressed in normal gastric epithelium without exception; however, various staining patterns were observed in cancer tissues. The frequency of tumours with preserved ECD expression (Pre-type) and reduced ECD expression (Rd-type) was 42% and 58% respectively. Tumours with a high frequency of Rd-type expression particularly included: undifferentiated tumours (85%, 46/54), Borrmann's type 4 (90%, 9/10), tumours larger than 2.6 cm in diameter (65%, 53/81), tumours invading beyond the subserosa layer (78%, 46/59), and tumours with infiltrative growth (87%, 41/47). Furthermore, the frequency of Rd-type expression in cases with peritoneal dissemination (82%, 9/11) or lymph node metastasis (73%, 43/59) was significantly higher than that in cases without dissemination or metastasis. These results suggest that ECD might play a key role in the genesis of histological differentiation, and that the reduction of ECD expression may affect the mode of invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607048
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eccrine gland involvement in Krabbe's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Krabbe's disease ; Eccrine gland storage ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lysosomal storage inclusions were observed in skin eccrine gland secretory and myoepithelial cells in three cases of Krabbe's disease. In addition to storage there were numerous degenerative changes, occasionally resulting in cell necrosis. These findings suggest a generalized nature of the storage process in this lysosomal enzymopathy and point to high galactocerebroside turnover in eccrine gland epithelium. This knowledge may be of value in the biopsy diagnosis of Krabbe's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660983
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicystic mesothelial proliferation (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multicystic mesothelial proliferation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; DNA analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the clinicopathological findings in five cases of multicystic mesothelial proliferation (MMP). All masses consisted of multiloculated cysts attached to pelvic organs and sometimes growing into the upper abdominal cavity. The cystic spaces were lined by flattened or cuboidal cells. The stroma showed fibrosis, oedema and chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positive staining for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and focal positivity for vimentin and carcinoembryonic antigen. The endothelial markers were negative. Electron microscopy showed abundant surface microvilli and well-developed basal lamina. DNA analysis identified euploid cell populations in all cases. All but one case had a previous history of abdominal surgery. Despite the worrying appearance the clinical outcome was favourable in all cases; there was one recurrence. Clinical and pathological data support the hypothesis that MMP represent a reactive mesothelial proliferation and not a neoplastic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606909
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelioid sarcoma: An electron-microscopic, immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 401-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Epithelioid sarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytokeratin ; DNA flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight epithelioid sarcomas (ES) were studied by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and DNA flow cytometry. Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells showed desmosome-like intercellular junctions and numerous microvilli, in addition to whorled arrangements of intermediate filaments. Tumour cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and vimentin, and negative for carcinoembryonic antigen and desmin. All seven cases examined by flow cytometry showed diploid or hyperploid (near diploid) DNA content. This seems to correspond to the relatively long clinical course and low-grade malignant nature of ES. Although the histogenesis of ES is still uncertain, the results of this study suggest that it is a tumour of primitive mesenchymal cells with the capacity to show epithelial differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606912
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cystatin C in the human pancreas and gut: An immunohistochemical study of normal and neoplastic tissues (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cystatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreas ; Gut ; Endocrine tumours ; Adenocarcinomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of immunoreactive cystatin C (CC) in normal and neoplastic cells of the human pancreas and gut was investigated using an indirect streptavidin-biotin method on formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Virtually all pancreatic islet cells and many neuroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract showed strong CC immunoreactivity and a granular cytoplasmic staining pattern. All 14 endocrine pancreatic tumours (insulinomas, glucagonomas, gastrinomas and non-producing tumours), as well as 16 of 17 gut carcinoid tumours, were also strongly CC immunoreactive. In addition, non-endocrine epithelial cells of pancreatic ducts and the gastrointestinal mucosa and 20 of the 24 adenocarcinomas from these sites showed weak CC immunoreactivity. Thus, CC cannot be used as a reliable immunohistochemical marker for endocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumours despite the fact that the protein is strongly expressed in a majority of such tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606878
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunopathological study of eosinophils in eosinophilic granuloma of bone: Evidence for release of three cationic proteins and subsequent uptake in macrophages (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Eosinophilic granuloma of bone ; Eosinophil granule proteins ; Immunostaining ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eosinophils from two patients with eosinophilic granuloma of bone (EGB) were studied by combined immunohistochemical and immuno-ultrastructural methods with antibodies directed against three eosinophil granule proteins: major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein, and eosinophil peroxidase. Immunohistostaining showed the presence and distribution of large numbers of eosinophils in the granuloma. Immuno-ultrastructural methods showed alterations of eosinophil fine structure associated with some steps in the release of granule proteins. No granule extrusion was seen, but rather cationic proteins diffused within cytoplasmic tubulo-vesicular structures. Furthermore, the three granule proteins were found within phagolysosomes of surrounding macrophages, suggesting an interaction between eosinophils and phagocytic cells at the destructive stage of EGB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611183
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small cell carcinoma of the ovary: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with a review of the literature (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Small cell carcinoma ; Ovary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Literature review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two small cell carcinomas of the ovary with a review of the literature. These cases showed a dimorphic population of small and large cells sharply demarcated from each other. Cytokeratin 18 and vimentin were mainly expressed in the large tumour cells, some of which also stained for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Periodic-acid-Schiff-positive, alpha-1-antitrypsin-positive hyaline globules were present in one case. Ultrastructural findings included filamentous nucleolonema as well as evidence of smooth muscle differentiation. Some of these observations have not been previously reported. Certain of the above features seem to support a germ cell origin of small cell carcinoma, but they cannot be considered specific for germ cell neoplasms. Thus, small cell carcinoma of the ovary cannot be classified into one of the known categories of ovarian tumours at the present time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611184
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistology of islet amyloid polypeptide in diabetes mellitus: Semi-qantitative studies in a post-mortem series (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Islet amyloid ; Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the islets of Langerhans of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients of a non-selected post-mortem series was studied with a new polyclonal IAPP antibody. Out of 133 patients examined, 124 exhibited immunoreactivity for IAPP. Immunoreactivity was localized intra- and extracellularly and was limited to the islets of Langerhans. No extracellular immunoreactivity was observed in amyloid-negative cases. Co-localization of insulin and IAPP in the same islet-cells was verified by double staining with monoclonal insulin and polyclonal IAPP antibodies. Of 100 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and islet amyloid, 98 exhibited IAPP-positive deposits and 71 exhibited intracellular immunoreactivity. Evaluation of intracellular immunoreactivity and degree of islet amyloid deposition in cases of overt NIDDM revealed an inverse relationship, in that intracellular IAPP immunoreactivity were reduced in patients with developing islet amyloid deposition. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis of primaryβ-cell dysfunction leading to amyloid formation, with subsequent disturbance ofβ-cell homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660981
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chondroblastoma of bone (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chondroblastoma ; Bone tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical and morphological findings of 53 chondroblastomas in the files of the Bone Tumour Registry of Westphalia are presented. The mean age of all patients was 19.2 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5∶1. Forty-two of the tumours (79.8%) were located in the long tubular bones and short tubular bones of the hands and were closely related to the growth plate. Six cases (11.3%) were found in the flat bones, 4 cases (7.5%) in the tarsal bones and 1 case (1.9%) in the craniofacial bones. The characteristic radiological feature of 44 investigated lesions was a mostly eccentric radiolucency with a geographic pattern of bone destruction and matrix calcifications. Periosteal reaction was evident in 9% of the cases. Most tumours demonstrate the typical morphological features of chondroblastoma, but 3 cases resembled a giant cell tumour. In 2 cases a haemangio-pericytomalike growth pattern was observed. Nine of the tumours had an aneurysmal bone cyst-like component. Vascular invasion was seen in 1 case. Immunohistochemically most cells in 30 of the cases and fetal chondroblasts in 3 cases were strongly positive with vimentin and S-100 protein. Collagen type II was positive in the chondroid matrix of the tumours and in fetal cartilage tissue; collagen type VI was present focally around individual tumour cells and was always seen in the chondroid matrix of the lesions and in fetal cartilage. These findings support the cartilaginous nature of these tumours. In paraffin sections, 46.6% of the cases revealed a distinct positive reaction of some tumour cells with the monoclonal cytokeratin antibody KL1 (molecular weight 55–57 kDa). Only 4 of them demonstrated a coexpression with the other monoclonal cytokeratin anti-body CK (clone MNF 116, molecular weight 45–56.5 kDa). In paraffin sections all fetal chondroblasts were negative with both cytokeratin antibodies. Frozen sections of 3 tumours showed a strong positive reaction with both cytokeratin antibodies in many chondroblasts, indicating an “aberrant” cytokeratin expression. Osteoclast-like giant cells stained positive with leucocyte-common antigen (LCA) and with the macrophage-associated antibody KP1, but were negative with the other macrophage-associated antibody MAC 387. Recurrence rate was 10.7%. The clinical course of all tumours was benign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660984
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of intraluminal crystalloids in human prostatic carcinomas (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Crystalloid ; Prostatic cancer ; Epithelial membrane antigen ; Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stain ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraluminal crystalloids (ICr) observed in 19 cases of incidental or invasive human prostatic carcinoma (PCa) and in a case of benign prostatic hyperplasia were examined extensively by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. They were brilliantly eosinophilic with haematoxylin and eosin, manifesting needlelike, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal and irregular lump-like in shape. They were strongly positive, dark blue, with phosphotungstic acid -haematoxylin (PTAH) stain in all cases examined. Among the human antibodies tested, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) gave specifically positive immunostainability with ICr in all cases. Annual ring-like lamellar or concentric structures were detected by electron microscopy. Positive staining of ICr with PTAH and anti-EMA antibody is very useful as a diagnostic marker for PCa in human prostatic tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606915
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations on cytotoxic effector cells infiltrating pancreatic islets of low-dose streptozocin treated mice (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Islets of Langerhans ; Monocytic phagocytes ; Streptozocin ; Type 1 diabetes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to observe the ultrastructural events, during the onset of diabetes mellitus in the low-dose streptozocin (LDS)-treated mouse model with emphasis on the infiltrating elements. Forty male C57 BL/6J mice were given 40 mg/streptozocin on 5 consecutive days and killed 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 18 days after the first injection. Results demonstrated that islet infiltration occurring in LDS-treated mice is characterized by a very early pre-infiltration state in which mononuclear phagocytes in islet capillary vessels were considerably increased in number. A new histopathological time sequence for the early insulitis is described, in which attraction of blood mononuclear phagocytes into the islet capillary lumen is the first step. During the successive stage, occurring on days 6–8 we observed that mononuclear phagocytes migrate through capillary and venule walls into the islet parenchyma, where they differentiate into tissue macrophages. It was only later (step 3) that these macrophages acquired novel properties, typical of their “activated state” and started to phagocytose islet beta-cell debris. These data suggest that during the pre-infiltration and early insulitis the mononuclear phagocyte system plays a key role in the onset of LDS diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605977
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smooth muscle contraction bands in intestinal infarction (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Contraction bands ; Smooth muscle ; Intestinal infarction ; Ischaemic damage ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied microscopic sections of 24 cases of intestinal infarction looking for contraction bands (CB) in the muscularis propria of the bowel wall. Controls were 11 surgical and 11 autopsy cases from patients who did not suffer any form of ischaemic disease. The difference of CB frequency was significant (P〈0.001) in infarction versus the surgical control group. Moreover, within the study group the CB frequency was also related to the severity of the ischaemic lesion (P〈0.01). With immunostaining, CB were not reactive with antibodies against vimentin, desmin, actin or myosin. We propose that CB genesis in intestinal smooth muscle is related to hypoxia, possibly through altered homeostasis of calcium and catecholamine metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605980
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanoma-associated antigens in tumours of the nervous system: an immunohistochemical study with the monoclonal antibody HMB-45 (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tumours of the nervous system ; Non-melanotic tumours ; HMB-45 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the commercially available, monoclonal anti-melanoma antibody HMB-45 in brain tumours and peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Hence, a series of 155 different non-melanotic tumours of the central and peripheral nervous system were examined immunohistochemically. The brain lesions consisted of primary tumours and metastases from various carcinomas. Twenty melanotic tumours (cerebral metastases of malignant melanomas, meningeal melanomatosis, meningeal melanocytomas) and dermal blue cell naevi served as controls. All melanotic tumours stained positive. Furthermore, a positive immunohistochemical reaction was observed in the following non-melanotic tumours: gliosarcomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, ependymoma, malignant schwannomas and different intracranial hamartomas. Two plasmocytomas and 4 metastatic carcinomas also revealed positive staining for HMB-45. Our results confirm the necessity for cautious interpretation of HMB-45 immunoreactivity as a tool in the immunohistochemical characterization of nervous system tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358802
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytic tumours is specifically associated with glioblastoma multiforme (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Glioblastoma multiforme ; Oncogenes ; Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidermal growth factor and its receptor (EGFR) constitute an important and well-characterized mitogenic system in various ectodermal tissues including glial cells. Over-expression of the EGFR due to gene amplification has been reported in primary brain tumours of glial origin. Using a monoclonal antibody to the EGFR and immunohistochemical analysis, we examined the expression and distribution of EGFR in 103 astrocytic tumours. In addition, selected tumours were studied by Western blotting using a polyclonal antibody to EGFR and by Southern blot analysis. Glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) showed EGFR expression in 37% of cases, whereas pilocytic (WHO grade I), low-grade (WHO grade II) or anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) were invariably EGFR negative. Generally, there was a close correlation between the presence of EGFR gene amplification and over-expression of receptor protein. Different patterns of immunoreactive cells and significant intratumour heterogeneity of EGFR expression were observed in glioblastomas. The specific association of EGFR over-expression with glioblastoma may provide a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600211
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in malignant and pre-malignant lesions of epithelial origin in the oral cavity and the skin: an immunohistochemical study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Cancer ; Oral pre-cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and immunohistochemical detection of the protein represents a useful marker for the proliferating fraction of cells in tissue specimens. A series of malignant and pre-malignant lesions of the oral cavity and skin were evaluated by the streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method for detection of this protein. Monoclonal anti-PCNA antibody (PC 10) labelled proliferating cells in all cases with varying intensity of nuclear staining. In squamous cell carcinoma (n=48), PCNA positivity correlated with the differentiation and atypia of the tumour cells; however, in poorly differentiated tumours, the relationship between PCNA expression and proliferation was lost. Basal cell carcinoma showed an increased growth fraction in tiny epithelial nests (mean 43.8, SD 6.0,n=20) than in neoplastic basal cells (mean 30.1, SD 6.9,n=8). The growth fractions were significantly higher in the pre-malignant lesions (leukoplakia, mean 22.3, SD 7.7,n=14; Bowen's disease, mean 45.2, SD 11.7,n=12; senile keratosis, mean 41.2, SD 7.0,n=12) than in the normal mucosa (mean 9.8, SD 4.9,n=10), suggesting that cellular growth fractions correlate with the degree of dysplasia in pre-malignant lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600508
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the uterus: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant rhabdoid tumour ; Uterus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Malignant rhabdoid tumours (MRTs) are highly aggressive neoplasms which most frequently occur in the kidney of young children. Several cases of primary MRT occurring in extra-renal sites have been reported, particularly in the soft tissues. We report a case of primary MRT of the uterus, a very rare site for this neoplasm, with morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features corresponding to restrictive morphological criteria for MRT. The possible differential diagnoses were considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600519
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of combined renovascular hypertension and diabetes mellitus on myocardial cells, non-vascular interstitium and capillaries: a stereological study on rat hearts (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 499-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Renovascular hypertension ; Myocardium ; Stereology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of combined renovascular hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the rat heart were investigated in order to detect possible synergistic effects of the two conditions. Hypertensive diabetic and hypertensive non-diabetic animals were compared to diabetic and non-diabetic controls. Hypertension was established for 12 weeks by a surgical stenosis of the left renal artery; diabetes mellitus was maintained for 8 weeks by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. Light microscopic stereology did not reveal significant divergences between diabetic hypertensives and non-diabetic hypertensives. Hypertension induced a focal perivascular and interstitial fibrosis with increased volume densities of non-vascular interstitium and fibrosis (P〈0.001). Capillary density (QA) was decreased in transverse sections (P〈0.01) and increased in longitudinal sections (P〈0.01). This indicates a three-dimensional remodelling of the capillary bed with an increased number of obliquely running capillaries. At least the length density (LV) of capillaries (mm/mm3) tends to be normalized in long-term renovascular hypertension. At the ultrastructural level, a synergism of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was observed: the volume ratio of mitochondria to myofibrils was significantly decreased in hypertensive diabetics, but not in non-diabetic hypertensives or in diabetics. This may enhance the risk of cardiac deterioration. We conclude that the primary target of the synergistic damage in hypertensive diabetic heart muscle disease is the myocardial cell and not the cardiac interstitium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600254
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular permeability changes in tumours of the peripheral nervous system (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Peripheral nervous system tumours ; Vascular permeability ; Serum proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofibromatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vascular permeability changes were examined in 34 tumours of the peripheral nervous system by immunohistochemical demonstration of serum proteins as endogenous tracers. The blood-tumour barrier was impaired in the reticular (Antoni type B) portions of neurinomas (Schwannomas) and in cutaneous neurofibromas but was similar to the normal blood-nerve barrier in fibrillary (Antoni type A) neurinomas, in most neurofibromas, in ganglioneuromas and in anaplastic tumours. These differences in permeability are discussed in relation to aspects of pathological tumour vascularization, the histogenesis of microcystic changes, and systemic therapeutic approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605985
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant paraganglioma of the uterus (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Uterus ; Paraganglioma ; Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a malignant uterine paraganglioma in a 40-year-old female, who died 7 months after the initial diagnosis. On light microscopy the tumour showed a typicalzellballen pattern as well as a pronounced cellular pleomorphism. In many tumour cells hyaline globules were demonstrated within the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically the lesion was characterized by the presence of neuron-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5 and synaptophysin, and electron microscopically by the occurrence of neurosecretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600518
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product and nuclear DNA content in benign and malignant human breast parenchyma (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oncogene ; Breast neoplasm ; Image analysis ; DNA content ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product was investigated immunohistochemically in 474 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human breast tissue samples. The series included 32 benign and 26 hyperplastic lesions, 32 carcinomas in situ and 384 invasive breast carcinomas, 107 of which were less than 1 cm in diameter. Cytometric DNA assessments were performed on histopathologically or cytodiagnostically identified cell nuclei, using image analysis. C-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was not seen in normal parenchyma or in benign and hyperplastic lesions. Mammary carcinomas in situ were more frequently immunoreactive (59%) than invasive neoplasms (23%). Invasive tumours more than 1 cm in diameter immunoreacted more often (26%) than small invasive carcinomas (16%). C-erbB-2 expression in regional lymph node metastases was the same as in the corresponding primary tumours. Significant differences were observed between the c-erbB-2 expression in DNA diploid and aneuploid lesions; for carcinomas in situ the figures were 40% and 72%, respectively. Invasive carcinomas of DNA diploid type rarely showed c-erb-B-2 expression, irrespective of tumour size and nodal status (7–11%). DNA aneuploid tumours were more frequently immunoreactive with increasing levels during progression (32–41%). Our data indicate that genetically stable invasive mammary tumours seem rarely to express the c-erbB-2 protein, even during progression, whereas genetically unstable invasive neoplasms frequently show c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity which increases during tumour progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600515
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Usefulness of a novel monoclonal antibody against human osteocalcin in immunohistochemical diagnosis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human osteocalcin ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A novel monoclonal antibody against human osteocalcin, recently established in our laboratory, was shown by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to react specifically with human osteoblasts. In the present study, the antibody was applied to the immunohistochemical diagnosis of human bone tumours, especially osteoblastic tumours. The antibody reacted with all 27 osteosarcomas. No positive reaction was found either in chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumours of bone, soft tissue tumours or epithelial tumours. A positive reaction was found preferentially in the cytoplasm of most of the osteosarcoma cells, but not in the extracellular matrix. Since the antibody reacted with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, it will be a useful tool for routine immunohistochemical diagnosis of osteoblastic lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600255
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraffin section immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large cell (CD30+) lymphomas (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hodgkin's disease ; Anaplastic large cell lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ immunophenotyping ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological and immunohistological studies were carried out on a series of 137 lymphomas including CD30+ anaplastic large cell (ALC) lymphomas (48 cases) and non-lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (HD) (89 cases), with the aim of assessing in situ expression of a combination of antibodies including anti-CD30/BerH2, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CD15 and CD45, in addition to other monoclonal antibodies suitable for paraffin tissues. A greater proportion of cases of ALC lymphomas than of HD exhibited positivity for CD45 (91.7% vs 17.6%), EMA (56.2% vs 4.5%), CD43 (53.6% vs 13.1%) and CD45RO (39.5% vs 3.5%), whereas Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in HD most frequently expressed CD15 (93.2% vs 20.8%) antigen. Moreover, in 35 of 48 (72.9%) ALC lymphomas tumour cells expressed the CD30+, CD45+, CD15−, EMA− or+ phenotypic profile, while in the same percentage (62/ 85) of HD cases RS cells were found to express the CD30+, CD45−, CD15+, EMA− profile. This study suggests that the differential expression of CD45, EMA, and CD15 may be used in the separation of ALC lymphomas and HD. However, co-expression of CD30, CD45 and CD15 antigens by RS cells in HD (14/85 cases, 16.5% in this series) and by tumour cells in ALC lymphomas (9/48 cases, 18.7% in this series) may be encountered in a non-negligible fraction of cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600258
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma of the intestinal tract: histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examinations (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma ; Intestinal tract ; Dedifferentiated element ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma of the small and large bowel are presented with histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination. One case arose in the jejunum, two in the ileum, and the other three in the large intestine. The tumours were submucosal in four cases with large areas of ulceration; two were polypoid. Four tumours showed typical leiomyosarcomatous appearance with dedifferentiated components and two were typical leiomyosarcomas at the primary site with differentiated components only in metastatic foci. By immunohistochemistry, typical leiomyosarcomatous areas showed a positive reaction for muscle-specific actin (MSA), MB1, MB2 and myosin. In contrast, desmin-positive cells were scattered throughout the tumour or were not present. Tumour cells in dedifferentiated components were positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in all cases but one; neuron specific enolase, MB1, MB2 and myosin were positive with variety. MSA was faintly positive in only a few tumour cells of two cases and desmin was not detected in any of the cases studied. Ultrastructurally, tumour cells in typical leiomyosarcomatous areas demonstrated evident smooth muscle features, although in dedifferentiated areas they lacked such features except in one case. Our results indicate that dedifferentiated elements may derive from ordinary leiomyosarcoma and loose muscle features due to dedifferentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600210
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoskeletal filaments in the smooth muscle cells of uterine leiomyomata and myometrium: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Leiomyoma ; Myometrium ; Cytoskeleton ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The filamentous components of the cytoskeleton in smooth muscle cells of leiomyomata and normal myometrium were studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Fourteen patients hysterectomised for non-malignant disease provided leiomyomata of conventional histological type and histologically normal myometrium: four samples of fetal myometrium were studied by immunohistochemistry alone. All samples of leiomyoma and myometrium were strongly positive for α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, the latter often as paranuclear columns or granules. Vimentin was also stained in most samples but less intensely, while cytokeratin stained in about half the samples with an intensity comparable to that of vimentin. By electron microscopy, myofilaments with focal densities were abundant in both normal myometrium and leiomyomata. Intermediate filaments corresponding to the desmin and vimentin demonstrated by immunohistochemistry were also recognised in a variety of architectural arrangements. At one extreme, comparatively small numbers of filaments were loosely distributed around membranous organelles; at the other, filaments formed conspicuous aggregates, largely excluding other organelles and corresponding to the paranuclear granules seen by immunohistochemistry. A comparison of these findings with those of the literature and comments on the possible significance and origin of these aggregates are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605984
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary thymic carcinoid with Cushing's syndrome (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thymic carcinoid ; Cushing's syndrome ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a 52-year-old Caucasian man osteopoikilosis had been misdiagnosed roentgenologically 2 years before his death. Gradually he developed Cushing's syndrome and ultimately superior vena caval obstruction. At autopsy a primary thymic carcinoid with extensive osteoblastic bone metastasis was found. Immunohistochemically the tumor was shown to be positive for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cytokeratin (KL1), neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin and glucagon. Remarkably the tumour was negative for serotonin despite high urinary hydroxyindolacetic acid levels. Bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex was found. The adenohypophysis showed a considerable reduction of ACTH-producing cells and numerous Crooke's cells with a characteristic immunohistochemical pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358812
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granular cell tumour of the breast (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Granular cell tumour ; Mammography ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight cases of benign granular cell tumour of the breast are reported. Seven patients were women and one was male. The age at the time of the excision ranged from 17 to 73 (average 40.1) years. All tumours were positive for S-100 protein and negative for keratin, myoglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein. In two cases ultrastructural studies revealed findings identical to those in the previously reported cases of granular cell tumours. None of these cases were diagnosed preoperatively. In six cases the clinical and mammographic findings, and in one case the frozen section, led to an erroneous diagnosis of malignancy. The clinico-pathological features of the cases are delineated in order to draw attention to a benign condition which closely simulates malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600274
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural anomalies in the fetal small intestine indicate that fetal swallowing is important for normal development: an experimental study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Fetus ; Small intestine ; Ultrastructure ; Malnutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal swallowing is established early in development and if fetal ingestion is prevented, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract fails to grow normally. In this article we describe the ultrastructural features of GI tissues developing in the absence of swallowing, in the fetal sheep. We have noted a number of defects in enterocyte morphology. These include abnormal or absence of microvilli, inappropriate cell extrusion, glycogen accumulation and altered lysosomal morphology. Many of these changes resemble those seen in malnourished infants. It is possible that fetal ingestion provides a significant source of nutrients, ensuring adequate GI tract growth in utero, in addition to specific growth factors which may be present in ingested fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600209
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Megalomastia: histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Megalomastia ; Lobular destruction ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Megalomastia is a rare entity characterized by an uncommon enlargement of both breasts. Unilateral megalomastia is extremely rare. The purpose of this study was to collect information concerning the history of patients with this condition and to investigate its histology in order to outline the profile of this peculiar entity. Fifty cases of megalomastia were studied. In 41 data concerning the history of the patients was complete; there were 32 juvenile, 7 gravid and 2 adult type cases. All three unilateral megalomastias were in the juvenile group. A family history of megalomastia was frequently present; gravid megalomastia was more closely connected with a maternal familial history. A case of simultaneous megalomastia in monozygotic twins is included. The final size achieved by the breasts was independent of the type of megalomastia, the rapidity of breast development and the body weight of the patients. It was greater in breasts containing abundant adipose tissue and less in fibrous breasts. In all cases of megalomastia associated with pregnancy the breasts had lost the ability to produce milk. The main histological feature in all cases was severe damage and destruction of the lobular units associated with extensive fibrosis. In some breasts of all three types of megalomastia ramified new ducts named “juvenile units” had developed and had proceeded to atrophy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the epithelium of these units was negative for oestrogen and positive to progesterone receptors. A biphasic pathological appearance, consisting of atrophic lobular units and “juvenile units”, is diagnostic of megalomastia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600213
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    A histopathological and ultrastructural study of eccrine porocarcinoma with special reference to its subtypes (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Eccrine porocarcinoma ; Ultrastructure ; Giant cell ; Elastic fibre ; Globular filamentous body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cases of eccrine porocarcinoma were studied by light and electron microscopy. Histopathologically, these could be classified into two types; the common and the giant cell type. The common type was characterized by almost uniform medium-sized cuboidal tumour cells and a formation of well-developed intracytoplasmic lumina. A broad diversity of histopathological and ultrastructural features was seen in these tumours. The tumours of the giant cell type consisted of mononu-clear polygonal cells and bizarre giant cells. This type was considered to be an undifferentiated form of porocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600510
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor, a human thioredoxin homologue, in the human ovary throughout the menstrual cycle (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor ; Thioredoxin ; Human ovary ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study of the expression of adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor (ADF), a human thioredoxin homologue, was performed in the normal human ovary throughout the menstrual cycle. Primordial follicles were negative for ADF. Both granulosa cells and theca interna cells at the stages of preantral and antral follicles contained ADF. The staining intensity of these cells was very strong in the preovulatory dominant follicle. After ovulation, both granulo-lutein and theca-lutein cells were positive for ADF. During pregnancy, the theca-lutein cells revealed very intense ADF staining. The theca interna cells of the atretic follicles showed ADF staining, while the granulosa cells of such follicles did not. These results suggest that ADF localizes in the ovarian steroidogenic cells which have the binding sites of either luteinizing hormone or folliclestimulating hormone, and that ADF expression is closely associated with the activity of the ovarian steroidogenic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600273
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basement membrane proteins in salivary gland tumours (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 420 (1992), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Basement membrane proteins ; Type IV collagen ; Laminin ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of type IV collagen and laminin in normal salivary glands and in salivary gland tumours of various types was studied using rabbit antisera. In normal salivary glands, type IV collagen and laminin were co-localized in basement membranes surrounding acini, ducts, fat cells and peripheral nerves. In salivary gland tumours, three main patterns of co-expression of these basement membrane proteins were distinguished. Linear basement membrane-like staining was detected in duct-cell-derived benign salivary gland tumours and in acinic cell carcinomas. In invasive lesions, however, these basement membrane proteins were distributed in an irregular, interrupted manner, and in many cases they were completely absent. Both benign and malignant salivary gland tumours which have a prominent myoepithelial cell component display a particular deposition of basement membrane molecules adjacent to the modified myoepithelial cells, and at the margins of extracellular matrix deposits within these tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600514
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection of acidic fibroblast growth factor in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (1992)
    Springer
    Urological research 20 (1992), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Bladder cancer ; Growth factors ; Acidic fibroblast growth factor ; Epithelial cell compartment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a regulatory peptide which, on account of its structural homologies with the products of oncogenes, is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. We previously reported the presence of aFGF in the urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). aFGF can also induce the motility of a rat-derived bladder carcinoma cell line (NBTII). This immunohistochemical study used polyclonal rabbit antibodies against acidic and basic FGF and peroxidase detection. Native NBTII nude mice xenografts and aFGF transfected NBTII (NFS14) nude mice xenografts were used as tissue controls for antibody specificity. The samples included 4 normal urothelia and 12 TCC. In addition, cytospins of 4 different tumoral cell lines of human bladder and normal bladder cells were stained. The results showed strong immunostaining in all tumoral urothelium samples using anti-aFGF and a very low amount of staining or none at all in healthy tissues. A primary analysis suggested that the strongest reaction was obtained in high-grade tumors (3 + vs + for lower-grade tumors). Using bFGF antibody, strong immunohistochemical staining was detected on basal membranes and stromal vessels and none in urothelium. These data confirm aFGF expression in the epithelial cell compartment of bladder cancer and the likely involvement of this regulatory peptide in the biology of TCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299719
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gliofibroma: immunohistochemical analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gliofibroma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Astrocytes ; Desmoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of gliofibroma occurring in an adult patient as a large circumscribed supratentorial tumor is reported. The bimorphic pattern was substantiated and further analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Some evidence in favor of collagen production by mesenchymal and/or inflammatory cells leading to a progressive fibrous replacement of the glial cells in this particular tumor type is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308481
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural identification of neurofibrillary tangles in the spinal cords in Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal cord neurofibrillary tangles ; Parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam ; Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Ultrastructure ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of spinal cord neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were examined in Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in parkinisonism-dementia complex on Guam. The spinal cord NFTs reacted with antibodies to tau protein (tau-2), ubiqitin and paired helical filaments (PHFs). Ultrastructurally, the components of the NFTs were seen as randomly arranged fibrils which were often associated with osmiophilic granules; small bundle-like arrangements were also occasionally observed. Individual NFT fibrils appeared as straight fibrils with a diameter of approximately 15 nm and constricted fibrils with a periodicity of approximately 80 nm. Ultrastructural microscopic examination of specimens stained by the modified Bielschowsky method and with the antibodies revealed silver particles and the products of the tau, ubiquitin and PHF immunoreactions on the NFT fibrils. This is the first demonstration of the fine structure of the spinal cord NFTs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296790
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    αB-Crystallin is present in reactive glia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 324-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: αB-Crystallin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Reactive astrocytes ; Creutzteldt-Jakob disease ; Prion disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary α-Crystallin is a major eye lens protein, composed of two types of subunits, αA and αB. The αA subunit is restricted to the lens, but αB-crystallin has recently also been detected in non-lenticular tissues, including the nervous system. With the use of a polyclonal antiserum directed against a synthetic C-terminal peptide of human αB-crystallin, the presence of αB-crystallin could be demonstrated immunohistochemically in astrocytes in the brains of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Most intensive localization was observed in the spongiotic tissue representing abundant progressively changed astrocytes in CJD. In agematched control brains weak positive reaction was located in individual oligodendroglia cells and subpial astrocytes. Prominent increase of αB-crystallin in pathological glia in CJD may represent a response to stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296796
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of a case with progressive supranuclear palsy without ophthalmoplegia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 328-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Progressiye supranuclear palsy ; Neurofibrilary tangles ; Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Modified tau protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome; PSP) with parkinsonism and absence of gaze palsy or mental changes is reported. Neuropathological examination, apart from typical changes, showed, lack of midbrain tegmentum demyelination, marked loss of Purkinje cells and presence of hyalin-line bodies in individual neurons of the substantia nigra. Immunostaining against tau-1 protein revealed the prevalence of a diffuse reaction in locus coeruleus neurons; reflecting either different ability of these cells to accumulate straight filaments, or a various time sequence of neurofibrillary tanglesformation. Ferritin immunohistochemistry demonstrated widespread microglial cell proliferation, confirming further the generalized character of CNS pathology in PSP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296797
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Colocalization of prion protein and β protein in the same amyloid plaques in patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler Syndrome (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Prion protein ; β protein ; Amyloid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined paraffin-embedded brain sections from three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and four patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome (GSS) who also had β protein deposits in the brains. Immunostaining using anti-prion protein (PrP) and anti-β protein coupled with formic acid pretreatment, revealed PrP deposits and β protein deposits, respectively. In all four GSS patients examined, sequential double immunostaining and single immunostaining in serial sections or simultaneous double immunofluorescence revealed the colocalization of PrP and β protein in the same amyloid plaques. The plaques labeled with both antibodies were designated as β-PrP plaques. Small kuru plaques of less than 15 μm in diameter were rarely found to coexist with β deposits. The percentages of β-PrP plaques in larger kuru plaques were not constant among the four GSS patients. The colocalization patterns of both deposits were observed as being roughly of two types as follows: (1) diffuse β protein deposits located around the PrP core; and (2) a β protein core and PrP core simultaneously existing in one amyloid plaque. Under an electron microscope, we were able to confirm the presence of both β protein and PrP in a single plaque in four GSS patients older than 60 years old. In contrast, no colocalization of either deposits was seen in the amyloid plaque core fractions of a young GSS patient who had no β protein deposits, even at the electron microscopic level. Therefore, the colocalization of both proteins in a single plaque is believed to be age-related and incidental in GSS patients but suggests a similar morphogenesis of both amyloid deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713522
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of eosinophilic granular bodies in astrocytic tumors (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 408-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Eosinophilic granular body ; Astrocytoma ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; αB-crystallin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eosinophilic granular bodies (EGBs) are studied immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally in a case of low-grade and a case of high-grade astrocytoma. EGBs are recognized as brightly eosinophilic round bodies of variable size in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Immunocytochemically some EGBs are positive for antibodies raised against αB-crystallin, ubiquitin and glial fibrillary acidic protein with the staining patterns for each being different from one another. Ultrastructurally EGBs consist of membrane-bound round body of various diameter ranging from 50 nm to 20 μm. Small EGBs contain electron-dense homogeneous material with occasional myelin figures, while large EGBs contain small EGB-like structures within electron-dense homogeneous material or loose granular profiles. Our studies demonstrate (1) ultrastructural variety of EGB; (2) and αB-crystallin epitope in EGB; and (3) the presence of EGB in high-grade as well as low-grade astrocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713533
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occlusive microangiopathy by immunoglobulin (IgM-kappa) precipitation: pathogenetic relevance in paraneoplastic cryoglobulinemic neuropathy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy ; Cryoglobulinemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural sural nerve and skin biopsy findings in a case of cryoglobulinemia secondary to an IgM-kappa-producing non-Hodgkin lymphoma are described. The main finding was an occlusive microangiopathy present in both the sural nerve and the skin. Widespread cryoglobulin deposits of the proliferated vasa nervorum were associated with pronounced changes probably evoked by ischemia. Moderate perivascular inflammation, but no florid vasculitis was additionally present. Our observations indicate that occlusive microangiopathy by precipitated cryoglobulins may be a relevant pathogenetic factor in cryoglobulinemic peripheral neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713536
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study on HLA-DR expression in human meningiomas (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 110-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: HLA-DR ; Meningioma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of HLA-DR was examined in 38 cases of meningiomas with the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using two monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR (LN-3 and TAL-IB5) on formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Similar immunoreactivity was obtained with these two monoclonal antibodies. In addition to infiltrated lymphoid cells and perivascular macrophages, tumor cells themselves showed HLA-DR expression in 16 cases (42%) of meningiomas. The rate of HLA-DR-positive cases in the transitional and fibrous subtypes (64% and 67%, respectively) was higher than that in the meningotheliomatous subtype (8%). Spindle-shaped tumor cells were frequently positive for HLA-DR, whereas few of meningotheliomatous cells with plump cytoplasm were positive. Most of HLA-DR-positive cases showed no or scanty lymphoid cell infiltration, and a few cases with marked infiltration of lymphoid cells were variable for HLA-DR expression. These findings suggest little correlation between HLA-DR expression of tumor cells and the degree of lymphoid cell infiltration, but indicate an aberrant HLA-DR expression of tumor cells themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427224
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of the cells forming amyloid in the cortical vessel wall in Alzheimer's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer disease ; Amyloid angiopathy ; Pericytes ; Microglia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of serial sections of the vessels with amyloid deposits in the brain cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease showed that cells in the position of pericytes — perivascular cells - and perivascular microglial cells are producers of amyloid fibrils in the vascular wall. Three types of changes from normal are distinguishable in the vessel wall: (1) semicircular or circular thickening of vascular wall containing a large amount of amorphous material and various number of amyloid fibrils, (2) tuberous amyloid deposits containing both amorphous material and amyloid fibrils, some of the fibrils being arranged in strata and others arranged radially, and (3) amyloid star composed of a predominantly radial arrangement of bundles of amyloid fibrils and a less prominent amorphous component. A mixture of amorphous material and amyloid fibrils is present in cell membrane envaginations of perivascular cells, and occasionally perivascular microglial cells. Bundles of amyloid fibrils are found in altered cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the channels confluent with the infoldings of the plasma membrane of perivascular microglial cells. The amyloid deposition in the wall of the vessel causes degeneration of endothelial cells and the reduction of, and in some vessels obliteration of, the vessel lumen. In areas affected by amyloid angiopathy, extensive degeneration both of the neuropil and of neurons was observed. These changes were accompanied by astrogliosis. This study demonstrates similarities in amyloid formation in amyloid angiopathy and in β-amyloid plaques in the neuropil and suggests that cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system of the brain (perivascular cells and perivascular microglia) are engaged in amyloid fibril formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311383
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    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on ballooned cortical neurons in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: expression of αB-crystallin, ubiquitin and stress-response protein 27 (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Ballooned neurons ; Ultrastructure ; αB-Crystallin ; Stress-response proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report concerns ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on ballooned neurons of ten patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). While abundant ballooned neurons and severe white matter degeneration was seen in six Japanese cases, only occasional ballooned neurons and no white matter degeneration was observed in four cases from the files of Montefiore Medical Center. Ultrastructurally, the ballooned neurons contained granule-coated fibrils of 25 to 40 nm in width and 10-nm neurofilaments. The immunohistochemical studies revealed that most ballooned neurons expressed αB-crystallin, with deposits of reaction products observed in the cytoplasm. A similar intracellular staining pattern was also seen with the antibody to phosphorylated neurofilament proteins (pNFP). Although the proportion of stained ballooned neurons was less, a positive reaction was also observed with antibodies against ubiquitin, stress-response protein 27 (srp 27) and synptophysin, but not with an antibody to srp 72. Our findings suggest that expression of pNFP and synaptophysin by ballooned neurons may reflect axonal impairment and that the presence of αB-crystallin, srp 27 and ubiquitin may be related to the degenerative processes that neurons undergo in CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227673
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    Immunohistochemical studies on the new type of astrocytic inclusions identified in a patient with brain malformation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 449-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocytic inclusion ; S-100 protein ; Microtubule-associated protein 1B ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies were carried out on the new type of cerebral cortical astrocytic inclusions recently discovered in a 20-year-old patient with maldeveloped brain and micropolygyria. The inclusions appeared as eosinophilic structures (hematoxylin and eosin stain) and did not exhibit argyrophilia (modified Bielschowsky method). The inclusions were strongly stained by the antibody against S-100 protein (S 100) and to a lesser extent by the antibody to microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP 1B). In contrast to Rosenthal fibers, the astrocytic inclusions did not react with antibodies to αB-crystallin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquitin. No positive reactions were obtained with antibodies against heat-shock protein 27 (HSP 27), HSP 72, actin, vimentin, desmin, cytokeratin, myelin basic protein, β-tubulin, MAP 2, tau protein, paired helical filament, phosphorylated neurofilament protein (NFP), nonphosphorylated NFP, synaptophysin, cathepsin D, α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin and basic fibroblast growth factor. By immunoelectron microscopy, the products of the reaction with the anti-S 100 antibody appeared as heterogeneous granular deposits and with the antibody to MAP 1B they were randomly scattered throughout the astrocytic inclusions. Our results demonstrate that the immunohistochemical profile of the recently described inclusions differs from that of Rosenthal fibers. Whether the novel inclusions are involved in congenital astrocyte dysfunction and cerebral malformation remains to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227674
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    Immunohistochemical evidence of endothelin-1 in human choroid plexus (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Choroid plexus ; Choroid plexus papilloma ; Endothelin-1 ; Human brain ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical investigation was carried out on 17 specimens of human choroid plexus obtained post mortem, 1 biopsy of normal choroid plexus including part of the lateral ventricle and 1 papilloma of the choroid plexus removed surgically. The material was fixed in formalin. Paraffin and cryostat sections were used. A polyclonal antiserum to endothelin-1 served as a primary antibody. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was applied to demonstrate the immunoreaction. The epithelial cells of the choroid plexuses, the choroid papilloma and most ependymal cells of the lateral ventricle showed a distinct brown reaction product in their cytoplasm indicating antigenic sites to endothelin-1. The reaction was of lesser intensity in the ependymal cells. The connective tissue in choroid plexus was unstained. A positive immunoreaction was present in the walls of some vessels in the choroid plexus in cryostat sections. This is the first report on the presence of antigenic sites to endothelin-1 in the epithelial cells of the human choroid plexus. The role of endothelin in these cells should be investigated to ascertain if the cells synthesize this biologically active peptide or if it is merely bound to receptors in them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227676
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    Sural nerve immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor receptor in a case of localized hypertrophic neuropathy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 547-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Localized hypertrophic neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Schwann cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) was examined using a monoclonal antibody against human NGFR in the sural nerve of a 24-year-old woman, affected by localized hypertrophic neuropathy (LHN). NGFR expression was correlated with electron microscopy and with immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, laminin, HLA-DR, HNK-1, P0 glycoprotein and neurofilament peptides. Our results indicate that in LHN most of whorl-forming cells are NGFR positive and S-100 protein or HLA-DR negative. These data along with the ultrastructural features suggest their origin from perineurium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310035
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    Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal intradural xanthomatosis developed in a patient with phytosterolemia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 554-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Phytosterolemia ; Intradural xanthomatosis ; Denticulate ligaments ; Macrophage ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Multiple intradural xanthomatous tumors developed in 48-year-old female with familial phytosterolemia. These tumors were restricted to the spinal denticulate ligaments. Histological and immunohistocheimical findings were fundamentally similar to those of tendinous xanthomas. The major cellular component of these tumors were identified as of mono-histiocytic origin because they possessed myeloid histiocytic antigen (Mac 387), CD11c and lysozyme but not CD15. Sitosterols, campesterols and cholestanols were recovered from the extract of the tumors and the lesions were confirmed to be phytosterolemic xanthomas. Schwann cells stained with anti-S100 protein were confined to the perivascular small nerve bundles and did not show xanthomatous change. Although immunohistochemical preparation of epithelial membrane antigen and desmoplakin I+II revealed the presence of non-neoplastic meningothelial cells in the superficial portion of the tumors, they were too few to play a significant role in the development of these xanthomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310036
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    Colloid cysts of the third ventricle: ultrastructural features are compatible with endodermal derivation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 605-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Colloid cyst ; Endoderm ; Respiratory epithelium ; Third ventricle ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histogenesis of colloid cyst of the third ventricle remains unsettled. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses have suggested the following possible origins: (a) neuroepithelium, including paraphysis, ependyma, choroid plexus and tela chorioidea; and (b) endoderm, including respiratory and enteric epithelium. This report describes the ultrastructural features of the lining epithelium in four cases of colloid cyst. Six distinct cell types were recognized: (1) ciliated cells with occasional abnormal cilia; (2) non-ciliated cells with microvilli coated with granulofibrillary material; (3) goblet cells showing discharge of secretory granules; (4) basal cells with prominent tonofilaments and desmosomes; (5) basal-located cells with elongated electron-lucent cytoplasm and scattered membrane-bound dense-core granules (150–350 nm); and (6) small undifferentiated cells with scanty organelles. Junctional complexes were present in the former four cell types but absent in the latter two. The types of epithelial cells and their topographic distribution within the epithelium are both very similar to those of normal respiratory epithelium and to the lining epithelium of intraspinal bronchogenic cyst. The observations made in the present study are compatible with the hypothesis that colloid cysts of the third ventricle originate from the endoderm, most likely the respiratory epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299409
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    Silver staining of the postacrosomal sheath during human spermiogenesis (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 271-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Man ; Spermiogenesis ; Postacrosomal ; sheath ; Silver staining ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Applying the silver staining technique, it could be shown that in the early phase of spermiogenesis a layer of argyrophilic material accumulated at the base of the acrosomal vesicle and at the outer side of the nuclear envelope opposite that region, and, later, at the inner side of the plasma membrane near the base of the acrosomal vesicle. During further development of the postacrosomal region of the spermatozoon head, the argyrophilic material associated with the plasmalemma grew caudally to form the postacrosomal dense lamina, while the argyrophilic material associated with the nuclear envelope, staying the same size, shifted to the caudal end of the postacrosomal dense lamina to form the postnuclear band.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211825
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    Collagen production by human smooth muscle cells isolated during intestinal organogenesis (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Smooth muscle cell ; Fetal human intestine ; Collagen ; Contraction ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The extracellular matrix influences organogenesis by modulating cell behavior. In humans, collagen is the major matrix constituent of the adult intestinal wall and is synthesized by smooth muscle cells. The objective of the current study was to examine collagen production by fetal human intestinal smooth muscle cells isolated during intestinal morphogenesis. Techniques were developed for the isolation and culture of human fetal intestinal smooth muscle cells. The cultured cells were confirmed as muscle by immunohistochemical stains for cytoskeletal filaments and documentation of contractile behavior. In culture, these cells stained for mesenchymal and muscle cytoskeletal proteins: vimentin, actin, and desmin, and did not stain for neural or epithelial markers. The muscle cells contracted in response to acetylcholine, in contrast to human fetal dermal fibroblasts which did not contract appreciably. Collagen production was assayed by the uptake of [3H]-proline into collagenase-digestible protein. Collagen production was greatest at 11 weeks gestation, the youngest age studied. By 20 weeks gestation, collagen production had decreased to adult levels. However, when compared to another matrix-producing fetal mesenchymal cell, the dermal fibroblast, intestinal smooth muscle cells produced twice as much collagen. Collagen types were determined by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Smooth muscle cells predominantly produced types I and III collagen α chains. Therefore, collagen production is a significant function of human fetal intestinal smooth muscle cells, and probably plays a major role in the development of intestinal structure. The in vitro model presented here provides a means of studying the regulation of this collagen production throughout intestinal organogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185612
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    A case of Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma presenting with acromegaly — do “transitional cell tumors of the pituitary gland” really exist? (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Plurihormonal adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Acromegaly ; Rathke's cleft cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of multiple large Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma presenting with acromegaly is reported. Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma is rare condition, and this is the first report of such a case presenting with acromegaly. An electron microscopic and an immunohistochemical analysis proved that the cyst within the pituitary adenoma of this case differs from cysts found in the embryonic stage of the pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308482
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    Ultrastructural features of spongiform encephalopathy transmitted to mice from three species of bovidae (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 559-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuronal autophagy ; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ; Lysosomes ; Ultrastructure ; Vactiolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural neuropathology of mice experimentally inoculated with brain tissue of nyala (Tragelaphus angasi; subfamily Bovinae), or kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros; subfamily Bovinae) affected with spongiform encephalopathy was compared with that of mice inoculated with brain tissue from cows (Bos taurus: subfamily Bovinae) with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). As fresh brain tissue was not available for nyala or kudu, formalin-fixed tissues were used for transmission from these species. The effect of formalin fixation was compared with that of fresh brain in mice inoculated with fixed and unfixed brain tissue from cows with BSE. The nature and distribution of the pathological changes were similar irrespective of the source of inoculum or whether the inoculum was from fresh or previously fixed tissue. Vacuolation caused by loss of organelles and swelling was present in dendrites and axon terminals. Vacuoles were also seen as double-membrane-bound and single-membrane-bound structures within myelinated fibres, axon terminals and dendrites. Vacuoles are considered to have more than one morphogenesis but the structure of vacuoles in this study was nevertheless similar to previous descriptions of spongiform change in naturally occurring and experimental scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome and kuru. Other features of the ultrastural pathology of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies including dystrophic neurites and scrapie-associated particles or tubulovesicular bodies were also found in this study. Neuronal autophagy was a conspicuous finding. It is suggested that excess prion protein (PrP) accumulation, or accumulation of the scrapie-associated protease-resistant isoform of PrP, may lead to localised sequestration and phagocytosis of neuronal cytoplasm and ultimately to neuronal loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304476
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    Anaplastic large cell ki-1 lymphoma in the central nervous system: Report of an autopsy case (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 577-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ki-1 lymphoma ; Lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 45-year old immunocompetent man presented with multiple lesions in the brain. A histological examination of the tumors showed a diffuse infiltrate of lymphoid cells with cellular polymorphism and of multinucleated giant cells. These cells were immunolabeled with antibodies against B cell lineage and with a monoclonal antibody, Ber-H2 (CD30), which showed the presence of Ki-1 antigen. Recently, among systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, attention has been given to Ki-1-positive lymphomas, which have been incorporated in the up-dated Kiel classification. We report here a case of Ki-1-positive lymphoma arising in the CNS and review previously reported cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304479
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    Exudation of fibronectin and albumin after spinal cord injury in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 613-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Albumin ; Spinal cord trauma ; Vasogenic edema ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spinal cord of the rat was investigated immunohistochemically to detect signs of extravasation of fibronectin in animals in which the cord was subjected to different degrees of compression trauma. Immuno-histochemistry was performed after survival periods of 4 and 24h and parallel sections were incubated for albumin immunoreactivity to detect signs of breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Extravascular reaction products indicating the presence of fibronectin were found within and in the vicinity of the compression provided that bleeding had occurred in the spinal cord, i.e., in rats with severe trauma. Immunoreactive material indicating extravascular albumin was present in the traumatized region and in many segments of the cord located away from the compressed part. Such material was seen both proximal and distal to the primary injury and even in rats with a low magnitude of compression. Generally, with more severe trauma and longer survival periods extravascular albumin was more extensively distributed along the cord. No signs of fibronectin antigen were detected in spinal cord segments away from the compression even though such regions showed albumin immunoreactivity outside the vessels. The results indicate that within and close to the primary injury of compressed spinal cord exudation of fibronectin may occur from the plasma of microvessles provided that the impact is severe enough to cause intramedullary hemorrhages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227738
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    Paired helical filaments in astrocytes: electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in a case of atypical Alzheimer's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Astrocytes ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paired helical filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 54-year-old man who had cerebellar ataxia and pseudobulbar palsy at the age of 29 years, and soon developed dementia, myoclonus and convulsions, died after about 20 years in a vegetative state. Histological examination of the extensively atrophic and devastated brain (680 g) revealed the almost total loss of cerebral cortical neurons associated with numerous β-protein amyloid plaques, many extracellular tangles and a large number of hypertrophic astrocytes, and prominent amyloid angiopathy. The astrocytes were frequently immunopositive for anti-human tau antibody (anti-htau) and anti-ubiquitin antibody (anti-ubi). Double immunostaining with anti-htau and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody clearly demonstrated htau-positive domains within the GFAP-positive perikarya/and processes of several astrocytes. Electron microscopy of the hippocampal CA1, which was completely devoid of pyramidal neurons, revealed, in astrocytes, abnormal filaments indistinguishable from the paired helical filaments (PHFs) seen in neurons. On immunoelectron microscopy, the filaments were observed to be labeled with anti-htau and anti-ubi, exhibiting the same immunohistochemical features as neuronal PHFs. This is the first demonstration of clearly constricted and both tau- and ubiquitin-positive PHFs in astrocytes, indicating that, in some special conditions like in our case, processes similar to those that attack neurons also affect astrocytes and ultimately make the latter form PHFs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296783
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    An atlas of glycine- and GABA-like immunoreactivity and colocalization in the cochlear nuclear complex of the guinea pig (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 443-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Auditory brainstem ; Neurotransmitters ; Immunohistochemistry ; Densitometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and colocalization of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and glycine-like immunoreactivity in the cochlear nuclear complex of the guinea pig have been studied to produce a light microscopic atlas. The method used was based on post-embedding immunocytochemistry in pairs of 0.5-μm-thick plastic sections treated with polyclonal antibodies against conjugated GABA and glycine respectively. Immunoreactive cells, presumably short axon neurones, predominated in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, with mostly single-GABA-labelled cells in the superficial layer, double-labelled in the middle, and single-glycine-labelled in the deep layers. A few large single-glycine-labelled cells, interpreted as commissural neurons, occurred in the ventral nucleus. Scattered double-labelled cells, probably Golgi cells, were seen in the granule cell domain. Immunolabelled puncta of all three staining categories occurred in large numbers throughout the complex, apposed to somata and in the neuropil, showing a differential distribution onto different types of neuron. Three immunolabelled tracts were noted: the tuberculoventral tract, the commissural acoustic stria, and the trapezoidal descending fibres. Most of the fibres in these tracts were single-labelled for glycine, although in the last mentioned tract single-GABA- and double-labelled fibres were also found. Some of the immunolabelled cell types described here are proposed as the origins of the similarly labelled puncta and fibres on the basis of known intrinsic connections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185459
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    The microanatomy of canine islets of Langerhans: implications for intra-islet regulation (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dogs ; Islets of Langerhans ; Extrainsular endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Regulation of islets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In recent years models for the internal (“intra-islet”) regulation of hormone secretion have been proposed to explain how different islet cells might regulate each other by means of their respective secretory peptides. Models that emphasize the importance of a directed intra-islet blood flow and sequence of perfusion of islet cells rely on a certain type of islet microanatomy and vascular supply. The experimental studies underlying these models have partly been performed in dogs. To extend the incomplete morphological knowledge of the canine endocrine pancreas both canine islets of Langerhans and extrainsular cells have been analysed in immunostained serial semithin (0.5 μm) sections. In addition to their occurrence within islets of Langerhans, all endocrine cell types are also found at extrainsular sites (about 9% of all endocrine cells) where they are distributed in different quantities among the epithelial lining of exocrine acini or excretory ducts and the connective tissue. There are continuous transitions from single extrainsular cells to small mono-and polycellular cell groups to islets. In a comprehensive analysis of whole islets, including computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstructions, the size, shape and vascularization of the islets as well as their cellular composition and the microtopology of islet cells have been studied. We have found marked intra-and inter-islet heterogeneities of the parameters investigated that are not compatible with concepts of a uniform and directed vascular perfusion of the various islet cell populations. Instead, their paracrine regulation may occur primarily via hormonal secretion into the intercellular spaces or vascular hormonal delivery to adjacent cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185914
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    Placental iron transfer regulation in the haemophagous region of the badger placenta: ultrastructural localization of ferritin in trophoblast and endothelial cells (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Badger-placenta ; Ultrastructure ; Ferritin ; Iron transfer regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemophagous region of the badger (Meles meles L.) placenta is involved in iron transfer, and maternal erythrocytes are the only source of iron for the fetus. This ultrastructural study provides morphological evidence of placental ferritin iron storage intervening if haem-iron uptake exceeds fetal needs. Such placental ferritin is assumed to play an active role in iron transfer regulation. In this paper we demonstrate that this regulatory process of iron transfer by storage in placental ferritin occurs on at least two levels: the cytotrophoblast and the fetal endothelium. The latter could then act as a final monitor in the transfer of iron into the fetal circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185919
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    Simultaneous detection of ferritin and HIV-1 in reactive microglia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 297-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ; Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using ferritin as a marker of reactive microglia, we demonstrated a close association between proliferation of reactive microglia and expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain tissue from autopsied cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An increased number of ferritin-positive reactive microglia was observed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain sections from all 13 AIDS cases examined. Similar findings were observed in brain tissue from other neurological diseases (subacute sclerosing penencephalitis, herpes simplex encephalitis and multiple sclerosis). Multinucleated giant cells were found in 7 of the AIDS cases which were also intensely labeled for ferritin. Dual-label immunohistochemistry using anti-ferritin and cell-specific markers showed that ferritin-positive cells were distinct from astrocytes, neurons and endothelia using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP), anti-neurofilament protein and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, respectively. In 5 AIDS brains, only ferritin-positive cells were shown to contain HIV-1 gp41 antigen using dual-label immunohistochemistry. In addition, HIV-1 RNA was localized in territin-positive reactive microglia but not in GFAP-positive astrocytes using immunohistochemistry combined with in situ hybridization. Ferritin-positive reactive microglia and multinucleated giant cells were colabeled with the microglial marker, Ricinus communis agglutinin 1 (RCA-1). Howerver, RCA-1 also extensively stained resting microglia only a few of which were colabeled for ferritin. The density of ferritin-positive cells was correlated with the presence of HIV-1 RNA-positive cells in AIDS brain. Thus, ferritin immunoreactivity can be used as an activation marker of microglia in archival paraffin sections and reflects the extent of inflammation in HIV-1-infected brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227823
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    Brain stem serotonin-synthesizing neurons in Alzheimer's disease: a clinicopathological correlation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 638-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Raphe ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuritic plaques ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location and number of brain stem serotonin-synthesizing neurons were analyzed in 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 5 agematched controls using immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, the number of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex and brain stem raphe was evaluated, as was the number of Nissl-stained raphe neurons. AD patients could be classified into two groups based on their raphe pathology; patients with such pathology (AD+) and those without (AD−). The number of large raphe neurons correlated significantly with the number of serotonin-synthesizing neurons in control material, indicating that all large neurons were serotonergic. This relationship was not apparent in AD+ patients, in whom the number of serotonin-synthesizing neurons correlated with the number of neurofibrillary tangles in the raphe of these patients. This indicates that in AD+ patients the serotonin-synthesizing neurons were selectively affected. There was no correlation between raphe and cortical pathology or raphe pathology and patient sex, age, mini-mental score or depression score, even when such scores were weighted for the interval between testing and death. There was a trend for the raphe pathology to correlate with the age of onset and duration of dementia and the Blessed dementia score in AD+ patients. Most AD+ patients with severe raphe lesions had clinical dementia only, while AD− patients had additional clinical features. The raphe lesions were more dramatic in AD+ patients with a rapid progression of symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227741
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    Morphology of cerebral plaque-like lesions in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 674-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis ; Dutch type ; Amyloid β/A4 protein ; Diffuse plaques ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the presence and morphology of plaque-like lesions in the frontal cortex of six patients, aged 40 to 76 years, with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis — Dutch type (HCHWA-D), using β/A4 immuno-, silver, Congo red and thioflavin S staining. Two types of β/A4 immunoreactive and Congo red-negative plaques were detected. The first type was composed of argyrophilic fibrous material in periodic acid-methenamine silver (PAM) and modified Bielschowsky staining and lacked silver-stained degenerating neurites. Therefore, this type of plaque has the same staining properties as the diffuse plaque described in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and nondemented elderly. The second type of plaque, occurring only in the three oldest patients and numerically increasing with age, consisted of a spherical non-argyrophilic area of granular texture with a rim of PAM-positive material. The PAM-positive fibrous material of both types of plaques was mingled with coarser and compact, irregular-shaped argyrophilic structures in the oldest patient. The described plaques did not show bright fluorescence with thioflavin S staining. These results indicate, that the morphology of plaques, encountered in HCHWA-D, is diverse and changes with age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227745
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    “Reducing body”-like inclusions in skeletal muscle in childhood-onset acid maltase deficiency (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1992), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle ; Ultrastructure ; Lysosome ; Metabolic disorder ; Glycogenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unusual inclusions with some of the features of “reducing bodies” were encountered in the skeletal muscle biopsy of a 2.5-year-old boy with childhoodonset acid maltase deficiency. The biopsy revealed a vacuolar myopathy with lysosomal storage of glycogen and eosinophilic refractile inclusions in myofibers, which appeared dark blue with the menadione-nitroblue tetrazolium reaction. The significance of the association of inclusions with reducing properties in the setting of acid maltase deficiency is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304641
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    Caudate nucleus pathology in Parkinson's disease: ultrastructural and biochemical findings in biopsy material (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 352-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Parkinson's disease ; Ultrastructure ; Catecholomines ; Trans-synaptic degeneration ; Axonal dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural and biochemical properties of caudate nucleus (CN) biopsies in two patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) were compared with three CN specimens removed during surgery for intracranial tumors. An additional two specimens from neurologically intact patients (59 and 86 years old) were removed during autopsy (performed 3 and 4 h post mortem, respectively) for electron microscopic studies. Dopamine levels in PD were reduced to less than 15% of control values. Both PD patients showed frequent dystrophic neurites and transsynaptic degeneration of neurons and neuritic processes. These changes were not found in CN from the four control individuals. Only a few dystrophic neurites were noticed in one 67-year-old control patient. The development of neuroaxonal dystrophy in CN is consistent with a dying-back process, probably accompanying abnormalities of axonal transport in PD. Transsynaptic degeneration of neurons in CN very likely represents a morphological marker of disease severity. The occurrence of this change may account for the poor clinical response of patients with advanced PD to intracerebral implantation of dopaminergic tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713525
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    Novel eosinophilic inclusion in astrocytes (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 659-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Eosinophilic inclusion ; Neuroglia ; Astrocyte ; Aicardi's syndrome ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracytoplasmic and brightly eosinophilic inclusions within neuroglias are reported in a patient with Aicardi's syndrome. Most inclusion-bearing neuroglias were protoplasmic astrocytes in the cerebral cortex. Compared with similar eosinophilic and intracytoplasmic inclusions in other studies using both light and electron microscopy, the inclusions in this report are regarded as being novel and not previously described. Ultrastructually, the inclusions were composed of electron-dense granules and amorphous substances, and were not surrounded by a limiting membrane. They were numerous in the cerebral cortex, especially in part of the microgyrus, but absent in the deep cerebral white matter, subcortical nuclei, brain stem and the cerebellum. Therefore, they may be closely associated with brain malformation and congenital astrocytic dysfunction. They also suggested a functional difference in protoplasmic astrocytes themselves, according to the differentiation of related gray matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299417
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    Morphological observations on the Harderian gland of the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Harderian gland ; Tubuloalveolar endpieces ; Serous endpieces ; Ultrastructure ; Opossum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Harderian gland of the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is large and well developed, despite the absence of a nictitating membrane in the adult of this species. The elongate glands are surrounded by a delicate connective tissue capsule from which thin septae extend, subdividing the gland into numerous lobules. The secretory units of the opossum Harderian gland are drained by a well defined but not extensive intralobular and interlobular duct system. Most of the secretory end pieces consist of tubuloalveolar units with widely dilated lumina filled with secretory product. Numerous intact lipid vesicles suspended within an amorphous material constitute the luminal contents. Cells lining the tubuloalveolar secretory endpieces are usually columnar in shape, and characterized by numerous lipid-containing secretory vesicles and aggregations of polytubular complexes 40–60 nm in diameter. In addition, these cells contain numerous large irregularly shaped mitochondria, whose matrix is of considerable electron density. Intralobular and interlobular ducts are lined by electron-lucent epithelial cells that lack both the lipid-containing vesicles and the large mitochondria, although typical smaller mitochondria are found scattered within the cytoplasm. Both secretory endpieces and ductal elements are invested by an abundance of myoepithelial cells. A second, smaller serous type of secretory unit may occur near the centre of some Harderian gland lobules. In these units secretory tubules and acini are compactly arranged surrounding a narrow lumen. Serous cells are pyramidal in shape and the cytoplasm is characterized by numerous electron-dense secretory granules and scattered profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Basolateral cell membranes show extensive infoldings and intercellular canaliculi are present. The overall size of cells forming the serous secretory units is much less than that comprising the tubuloalveolar secretory endpieces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174952
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  • 80
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    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of upper motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 518-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Upper motor neurons ; Ultrastructure ; Neurofilament ; Ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathological alterations in upper motor neurons were investigated in 27 cases of adult-onset sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). No signficant cytoskeletal alterations were found in the Betz cells of any of the cases except one, although cytoskeletal pathology was consistently present in lower motor neurons. The one case had severe circumscribed atrophy of the precentral gyrus and, microscopically, had argentophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in Betz cells and other pyramidal neurons in the primary motor area as eell as in the lower motor neurons. Immunocytochemically these inclusions contained the epitope of phosphorylated neurofilament and ubiquitin and ultrastructurally consisted of granule-associated filaments with neurofilaments. This is the first demonstration of alterations of cytoskeleton and ubiquitination in the giant cells of Betz, an established subset of upper motor neurons in ALS. Thus, although uncommon, cytoskeletal changes can be found in upper motor neurons in some ALS cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310029
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    Primary leptomeningeal glioma: ultrastructural and laminin immunohistochemical studies (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primary leptomeningeal glioma ; Ultrastructure ; Basal lamina ; Laminin ; Heterotopic glial tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied a case of primary leptomeningeal glioma (PLG) on the left parietal lobe of a 74-year-old woman and compared the tissue with heterotopic glial tissue from another case. The PLG tumor consisted of spindle-shaped cells with marked nuclear atypism, which tended to be arranged in a fascicular pattern, and the majority of its cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated that most of the tumor cells contained intermediate filaments and often junctional complexes were present on their plasma membranes. Frequently, basal lamina-like structures surrounding the tumor, cell surfaces were observed. Laminin immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated a fine network of linear positive staining around the cytoplasm and processes of the tumor cells. The ultrastructure of the heterotopic glial tissue consisted of many astrocytes partially surrounded by basal lamina. These findings strongly suggest that PLG is a distinct tumor, which arises from the heterotopic astrocytes within the subarachnoid space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310033
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    Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with amyloid angiopathy: diagnosis by immunological analyses and transmission experiments (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Amyloid angiopathy ; Prion protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Experimental transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It was difficult to make a definite pathological diagnosis in a 73-year-old man with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) due to extensive amyloid angiopathy which lacked any severe spongiform changes. Immunostaining using anti-prion protein (PrP) antibody revealed fine granular deposits in the gray matter, after hydrolytic autoclaving pretreatment on tissue sections. Western blotting also revealed an abnormal isoform of PrP, but PrP gene analysis did not show any abnormalities. The primary transmission experiments were repeated three times and induced spongiform encephalopathy in a few mice after a long incubation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310037
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    Morphological findings on peripheral nerve biopsies in 15 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 618-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve biopsy ; HIV infection ; Ultrastructure ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A peripheral nerve biopsy was performed in 15 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and polyneuropathy. Two cases [1 asymptomatic, 1 AIDS-related complex (ARC)] presented with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; there was 1 case (asymptomatic) of mononeuropathy multiplex and 12 cases (1 asymptomatic, 1 ARC, 10 AIDS) with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Epi- or endoneurial microvasculitis was observed in 6 cases. Electron microscopy showed that nerve fiber lesions were mainly axonal. Severe segmental demyelination was also present in both cases of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, with characteristic features of active demyelination in one. Numerous plasmacytoid cells were found in the endoneurium in 4 patients. Tubuloreticular inclusions were present in endothelial cells in the 10 cases with AIDS but absent in the other patients. Direct immunopathological examination with anti-immunoglobulin sera was negative in all cases. HIV was evidenced by in situ hybridization in 2 AIDS patients; no Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus was detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299411
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    The growth of two murine hemangioendotheliomas intracranially, subcutaneously, and in culture, and their comparison with human cerebellar hemangioblastomas: morphological and immunohistochemical studies (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 67-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hemangioendothelioma ; Endothelial cells ; Matrix culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two thorium dioxide-induced murine hemangioendotheliomas, 42021 TCT and 44347 TST, were grown subcutaneously (for up to 22 and 15 passages respectively) or intracranially (single passage) and were adapted to culture as a monolayer and, in a limited fashion, in an organ culture system or in rotary suspension. They remained viable and malignant following 20–21 years of storage in liquid nitrogen, and had ultrastructural similarities to human hemangioblastomas. The murine tumors were positive for Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicofolia isolectin B4 binding, establishing their endothelial nature; however, unlike human hemangioblastic tumors, they did not cross-react with antisera to human factor VIII or fibronectin and they did not demonstrate Ulex europaeus type I lectin (UEA I) binding (as is also the case for non-neoplastic murine vascular endothelial cells). A variety of morphological cell types in cultures derived from the tumors were also positive for Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin B4 binding. Both murine hemangioendotheliomas, when implanted in the cerebrum, were potent inducers of reactive gliosis, but there was no evidence of uptake of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Unlike the human cerebellar hemangioblastomas, murine tumors were malignant and invasive and did not contain stromal cells, nor did they demonstrate Weibel-Palade bodies or extensive pinocytotic activity. Thus, the murine tumors appear to more closely resemble angiosarcomas or epitheloid hemangioblastomas than the cerebellar hemangioblastomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427217
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    Neuronal uptake of plasma proteins in brain contusions (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 234-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral contusions ; Plasma proteins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-five cases of cerebral contusions of varions age were examined immunohistochemically for neuronal uptake of albumin and fibrinogen. The neurons in the damaged areas were heavily stained in all cases, even in those of only a few minutes' survival, and they remained positive for serum proteins until they disappeared from the lesions. In hematoxylin and eosinstained sections, neuronal changes were observed from the first minutes after the lesion but they were indistinguishable from the shrunken “dark” neurons that occur as artifacts in poorly fixed material. However, in contrast to the artificially changed cells, the truely damaged ones took up serum proteins. It is concluded that staining with antisera against serum proteins may serve as early markers for neuronal injury before reliable histological changes have developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227814
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    Ultrastructure of the microglia that phagocytose amyloid and the microglia that produce β-amyloid fibrils (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Tissue culture ; Microglia ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The function of microglia associated with β-amyloid deposits still remains a controversial issue. On the basis of recent ultrastructural data, microglia were postulated to be cells that form amyloid fibrils, not phagocytes that remove amyloid deposits. In this electron microscopic study, we examined the ability of microglia to ingest and digest exogenous amyloid fibrils in vitro. We demonstrate that amyloid fibrils are ingested by cultured microglial cells and collected and stored in phagosomes. The ingested, nondegraded amyloid remains within phagosomes for up to 20 days, suggesting a very limited effectiveness of microglia in degrading β-amyloid fibrils. On the other hand, we showed that in microglial cells of classical plaques in brain cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease, amyloid fibrils appear first in altered endoplasmic reticulum and deep infoldings of cell membranes. These differences in intracellular distribution of amyloid fibrils in microglial cells support our observations that microglial cells associated with amyloid plaques are engaged in production of amyloid, but not in phagocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227813
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    Tubulovesicular structures in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt ; Jakob disease ; Tubulovesicular structures ; Prion diseases ; Ultrastructure ; Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By electron microscopy tubulovesicular structures (TVS) have been consistently observed in brain tissue of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as natural and experimental scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and experimentally induced, but not naturally occurring, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). For the first time we report here the presence of TVS in human brains with CJD as detected by transmission electron microscopy. TVS were observed in all three CJD specimens (two biopsies, one autopsy), but they were rare and were found only in one or two location(s) per grid. TVS were seen in distended pre- and postsynaptic terminals and measured approximately 35 nm in diameter; they were smaller and of higher electron density than synaptic vesicles. Their occurrence in all types of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies irrespective of the affected host and the strain of the infectious agent suggests their biological significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227815
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    Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with codon 129 polymorphism (Valine): a comparative study of patients with codon 102 point mutation or without mutations (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Prion protein ; Amyloid ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined 7 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a methionine-to-valine change at prion protein (PrP) codon 129 (CJD129 patients). These CJD129 patients did not have either a condon 117 or 198 point mutation. For comparison, we also examined 7 patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome (GSS) with a proline-to-leucine change at PrP codon 102 (GSS102 patients) and 13 patients without any known mutations at codons 102, 117, 129, 178, or 200 (CJDwild patients). CJD129 patients had a long clinical duration and ataxia at onset, but rarely had any periodic synchronous discharge in their electroencephalogram. Unlike CJDwild patients, all CJD129 patients have typical congophilic PrP plaques in their brain. These clinicopathological findings were similar to those of GSS102. However, the distribution and morphology of PrP deposits revealed by immunohistochemistry were different between CJD129 and GSS102. In GSS102 more numerous and various types of PrP plaques are seen throughout the brain, while in CJD129 patients a unicentric core was the major feature of PrP plaques. The change in codon 129 influences the clinical course and pathological findings in CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227660
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    Neuron-associated class III β-tubulin isotype, retinal S-antigen, synaptophysin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in human medulloblastomas: a clinicopathological analysis of 36 cases (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; Primitive neuroectodermal tumor ; Cell differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surgical specimens from 36 medulloblastomas (25 classic and 11 desmoplastic) were studied by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemistry with antibodies against the class III β-tubulin isotype (β-tubulin), synaptophysin, retinal S-antigen (S−Ag), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We found that neoplastic cells expressed β-tubulin in 91% of the tumors (23 classic and 10 desmoplastic), synaptophysin in 75% (19 classic and 8 desmoplastic), S−Ag in 44% (11 classic and 5 desmoplastic), and GFAP in 11% of medulloblastomas (2 classic and 2 desmoplastic). Synaptophysin and β-tubulin positivities were observed in undifferentiated neoplastic cells, in cells forming neuroplastic rosettes, and in pale islands, while S−Ag immunopositivity was noted in undifferentiated cells, occasionally in β-tubulin-negative neuroblastic rosettes, and exceptionally in pale islands. Large pale islands, in two desmoplastic medulloblastomas, exhibited distinct patterns of immunoreactivity to the above markers, suggesting neuronal and glial differentiation in the central area, and intense neuritic development in the peripheral zone. Our findings confirm the predominant capacity of medulloblastoma cells to differentiate along neuronal cell lines and indicate that large pale islands, in desmoplastic medulloblastomas, represent well-organized areas for neuronal and, to a lesser degree, astroglial differentiation. Furthermore, it appears, in our cases, that immunohistochemical features do not represent clear-cut prognostic indicators in patients with medulloblastomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227661
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    Resistance of hippocampal CA-1 noradrenergic fibers to five minutes of transient cerebral ischemia in the gerbil (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 554-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Noradrenergic system ; Hippocampus ; Cerebral ischemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined changes in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive fibers following 5 min of cerebral ischemia in gerbils using an immunohistochemical method 1, 3 and 30 days after ischemia. Almost all CA-1 pyramidal neurons were lost 3 days after ischemia, whereas noradrenergic fibers were maintained 30 days after ischemia. The present study demonstrated that TH-immunoreactive fibers and cells were resistant to transient ischemia, and that there was no sprouting or hyperactivity in noradrenergic systems after ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304475
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    Induction of FOS and JUN proteins after focal ischemia in the rat: differential effect of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 545-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Focal ischemia ; Immediate early genes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Spreading depression ; N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary FOS and JUN proteins are transcription factors thought to be involved in coupling neuronal excitation to target gene expression. Cortical infarction of consistent size and location was produced by irradiating the rat brain with Xenon light through the intact skull for 20 min following systemic injection of the photo-sensitizing dye, rose bengal. To investigate the time course and distribution pattern of five cellular ummediate early gene (IEG)-encoded proteins after focal ischemia, the expression of c-FOS, FOS B, c-JUN, JUN B and JUN D was studied immunocytochemically in sham-operated control animals and at different postischemic time intervals up to 24 h. A separate group of animals was pretreated with the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801. Photochemically induced focal ischemia caused a rapid induction of FOS and JUN proteins in the entire ipsilateral cortex apart from the ischemic focus. Immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral subcortical gray and white matter and in the entire contralateral hemisphere was indistinguishable from control animals. Individual IEG-encoded proteins were sequentially induced with increased levels of immunoreactivity persisting for different time periods up to 24 h. c-FOS, FOS B, c-JUN and JUN B exhibited a characteristic distribution pattern as reflected by different staining intensities in individual cortical layers. The rapid IEG induction in the entire ipsilateral sensorimotor and limbic structure-associated cortices after photochemically induced infarction most likely reflects spreading depression caused by ischemia and mediated by NMDA receptors. This conclusion is supported by the finding that MK-801 pretreatment completely prevented the postischemic induction of FOS proteins and markedly attenuated the levels of JUN immunoreactivity in all cortical regions except in the peri-infarct area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304474
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  • 92
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    The coexistence of Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a patient with dementia of long duration (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 686-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Prion protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report here a 75-year-old-male with a slowly progressive dementia of 5-year duration along with a rapid exacerbation of symptoms in the terminal 3 months. Neuropathological examinations revealed findings consistent with conspicuous Alzheimer's disease and mild Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The plaque amyloid was exclusively composed of β-protein. The immunohistochemistry of prion protein using hydrolytic autoclaving pretreatment showed diffuse gray matter stainings in the sections of both the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. This method was thus considered useful in confirming the diagnosis of CJD for this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227747
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    Desmin and Vimentin as markers of regeneration in muscle diseases (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1992), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Vimentin ; Desmin ; Muscle ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localization and distribution of desmin and vimentin have been studied in different neuromuscular disorders using monoclonal antibodies. We have demonstrated that vimentin, although virtually absent in normal human muscle fibers, is expressed in regenerating fibers in different neuromuscular disorders. Moreover, these fibers showed a strong positivity with desmin antibodies. In normal muscle fibers desmin is only localized at Z-line level. These results suggest that desmin and vimentin may be over-expressed during muscle regeneration processes, probably because of their importance in the structural organization of the sarcomere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304637
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    The development of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the goldfish brain (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neu ropeptides ; CNS ; Teleostei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in the goldfish brain was studied by means of the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and an antibody to substance P. By 80 h after fertilization, the first SPLI-cell bodies appear in the ventricular zone of the future diencephalon and the first SPLI-fibers appear in the olfactory bulbs. Two days after hatching (which occurs at 100 h after fertilization), SPLI fibers connecting the olfactory bulbs and hypothalamus are seen. In the optic tectum SPLI-fibers appear for the first time 5 days after hatching. In the brain stem, SPLI-cell bodies appear in juvenile animals 40 days after hatching. The highest number and intensity of SPLI-cell bodies and fibers are found in the area postrema. SPLI-cell bodies are also seen in the gustatory nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, reticular formation of the medulla, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and commissural nucleus of Cajal. The significant information gained from the present study is: 1. The rostro-caudal sequence in which the SPLI appears in the developing nuclei of the goldfish brain 2. The reduction of SPLI-cell bodies in some nuclei with age Thus, in the brain stem, SPLI-cell bodies that were labeled in juvenile goldfish were not seen in adults. This might be due to changes in the rate of axonal transport, changes of the SP phenotype during development or cell death. The developmental sequence and relative timing in which SPLI-cell bodies appear in the goldfish, rat and mice are similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710401
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometrical variations of prolactin cells in response to prolonged and systemic administration of Met-enkephalin in female rats (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 186 (1992), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Prolactin cell ; Met-enkephalin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometr ; Rat(Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A stimulatory effect on prolactin secretion had been describe after acute and systemic administration of met-enkephalin, but the effects of this opioid after chronic administration has not been reported, and the response of mammotroph cells is not clear. As a complement to previous studies, a morphometric analysis (light and electron microscopy) was carried out on prolactin cells from female rats treated chronically with met-enkephalin. Clear features of cellular hyperactivity appeared after chronic and systemic administration of the opioid, and these persisted for two weeks. The changes consisted in increases of cellular, cytoplasmic and nuclear areas, volume and surface densities of the Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum, as well as the numbers of exocytotic figures. These morphological alterations were paralleled by an increase in serum prolactin levels as detected by RIA. It is concluded that the increase in the synthesis and secretory activity of prolactin cells following chronic and systemic administration of met-enkephalin is very similar to those observed after acute and intraventricular administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710406
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic investigations on the growing tip of nerve fibres in the developing distal forelimb of the mouse (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Development ; Mouse ; Peripheral nerves ; Schwann cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distal course of the sensory nerve fibres on the palmar side of the hand of 12-day-old mouse embryos was followed by serial ultrathin cross-sections of conventionally fixed tissue. Small nerves fibres are to be found in the space between the layer of the cutaneous blood vessels and the epidermis. A special arrangement of the tissue which is traversed by the nerve fibres is not visible. In most cases the nerve fibres are in intimate contact with fibroblasts. More distally the nerve fibres consist only of one axon encircled by a Schwann cell. The sheath of the Schwann cell decreases gradually, and finally disappears completely. The distal tips of the naked axons are a few μm ahead. In some cases they are considerably enlarged and contain only a fine fuzzy material without special cell organelles. Other axons may end in a more finger-like fashion, and contain also in the naked parts many cell organelles. Also the naked axons contact fibroblasts over long ranges. Collagen was not found aligned to the distal nerve fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185922
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic morphology of the temporomandibular joint in growing and mature crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): the condylar calcified cartilage (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Mandibular condyle ; Calcified cartilage ; Ultrastructure ; Maturation ; Macaca fascicularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to show maturational alterations in the calcified cartilage, mandibular condyles of four growing and four adult male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were studied using light microscopy as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. All specimens were initially fixed by perfusion in the presence of ruthenium red. For examination of the hard tissue surfaces in the scanning electron microscope, uncalcified tissues were removed with sodium hypochlorite. In growing animals, almost the entire hard tissue surface in the joint region of the condyle was formed by calcified cartilage, while in adult animals, calcified cartilage was confined to load-bearing regions. In growing animals, the appearance of the calcified cartilage surface suggested a continuously advancing mineralizing front similar to that seen in the epiphyseal plate. Chondrocytes mostly exhibited a terminal stage of hypertrophy, and seemed to die and get lost through vascular invasion and subsequent endochondral ossification. In adult animals, most of the calcified cartilage surface appeared comparatively stable, and resembled the tidemark of articular cartilage. Chondrocytes were usually small and appeared viable. However, on the adult condyles, there were always circumscribed islands where chondrocytes and the pattern of mineralization resembled those seen in growing animals. In these regions, prominent chondroclastic activity indicated extensive articular remodelling. These observations suggest that at the end of somatic growth, condylar calcified cartilage undergoes considerable maturation from a type reminiscent of hyaline growth cartilage to a type resembling articular cartilage. Concomitantly, chondrocytes appear to change their developmental program, in that they stop enlarging and lose their commitment to death. However, they may be able to retain, or switch back to, a more immature stage, in case there is need for extensive articular remodelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185921
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromogranin A immunoreactivity and Grimelius' argyrophilia (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Chromogranin A ; Grimelius' argyrophilia ; Endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various endocrine cells can be stained by the argyrophil reaction of Grimelius. This silver stain has recently been attributed to chromogranin A, an acidic glycoprotein, that is present in many endocrine cells. Using serial sections of plastic-embedded tissues (adrenal medulla, pancreas, gastric mucosa) various endocrine cells were investigated for their content of chromogranin A immunoreactivity and for their argyrophilia. The findings in four species (man, cattle, pig, guinea pig) showed that chromogranin A immunoreactivity and argyrophil stain partly overlap in identical endocrine cells, but do not necessarily coincide in the majority of endocrine cells. We found that endocrine cells could be positive for chromogranin A and argyrophilia (e.g., aminergic endocrine cells); or positive for chromogranin A but negative for argyrophilia (e.g., insulin cells of all species; somatostatin cells of cattle and pig); or negative for chromogranin A but positive for argyrophilia (e.g., glucagon cells of pig and guinea pig); or negative for chromogranin A and argyrophilia (e.g., somatostatin cells of man and guinea pig). Such heterogeneities of the staining pattern for chromogranin A and argyrophil silver reaction were also observed in individual endocrine cells of a given population (e.g., gastrin cells). Hence, although recent dot-blot tests have shown that chromogranin A is an argyrophilic substance, in tissue sections chromogranin A immunostaining and Grimelius' silver staining did not coincide in various endocrine cells, for unknown reasons. Therefore, it is recommended to use both chromogranin A immunohistochemistry and the classical Grimelius' silver stain to “mark” the vast majority of endocrine cells in tissue sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211819
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological and immunoelectron microscopic identification of TNFα in normal human and murine epidermis (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: TNFα ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy ; Epidermis ; Sebaceous glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence, distribution and cellular localization of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were investigated in normal human and murine epidermis using immunohistological and immunoelectron microscopic methods with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The immunostaining revealed an intercellular plasma membrane and cytoplasmic labelling of the epidermal keratinocytes, but no labelling of Langerhans cells, melanocytes and Merkel cells. Large amounts of TNFα were regularly found in the sebaceous glands. These findings demonstrate that epidermal keratinocytes and especially sebocytes produce and release TNFα and that this keratinocytederived cytokine may be important for the structural and functional homeostasis of normal epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372709
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical, light and electron microscopic features of recessive ichthyosis congenita type III (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Genodermatoses ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane structures ; Abnormal keratinosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The recessively inherited congenital ichthyoses have ultrastructural features which indicate abnormal epidermal lipid metabolism. The ultrastructural markers of the three recessive congenital ichthyosis groups are lipid droplets in horny layers (type I), cholesterol clefts (type II) and membrane structures (type III). We describe six patients from five families belonging to the last group. The variable clinical phenotype alone does not allow the delineation of this disease, but together with the ultrastructural characteristics the subtype is unequivocal. In addition to the membrane structures, half of the cases showed abnormal keratinosomes and vesicular complexes. Membrane-bound vacuoles and needle-like slits were exceptionally found. The onset of the ichthyosis was variable, in contrast to other patients described under the heading recessive congenital ichthyosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372578
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