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  • 1990-1994  (3,699)
  • 1991  (3,699)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,577)
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of denervation on the neurogenic inflammation of the rat mandibular mucosa (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Mandibular mucosa ; Local capsaicin irritation ; Neurogen inflammation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Denervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of local exposure to capsaicin on the vascular permeability and blood flow were studied in the rat oral mucosa at days 2 and 14 after the unilateral transcection of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). The distribution of nerve fibers displaying substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity (IR) in the mandibular mucosa was also assessed. While the capsaicin-induced augmentation in vascular permeability was about 50% (P 〈 0.05) higher on the intact side (at both days 2 and 14) than on the denervated side, no difference in blood flow elevation was seen between the two sides. Transection of IAN caused only a slight reduction in the density of SP- and CGRP-IR fibers in the mucosa. It is concluded that in addition to the IAN fibers the mandibular mucosa examined also seems to be supplied by other sensory fibers. The presence of accessory trigeminal branches was also supported by immunohistochemical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179044
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical investigations to demonstrate vital direct traumatic damage of skeletal muscle (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 104 (1991), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Mechanical trauma ; Muscle proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Skelettmuskulatur ; Mechanisches Trauma ; Muskelproteine ; Immunhistochemie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An traumatisch geschädigter menschlicher und bei Tierexperimenten gewonnener Skelettmuskulatur wurden immunhistochemisch mit der PAP-Methode die Muskelproteine Aktin, Myosin, Desmin und Myoglobin dargestellt. Bei vital traumatisierter Muskulatur kommt es zu einer Depletion aller untersuchter Proteine aus der verletzten Muskelfaser. Die Antigene können aber in den sonst leeren Sarkolemm-Schläuchen, den diskoiden Faserzerfallszonen und auch außerhalb der Fasern nachgewiesen werden. Die Depletion beginnt Minuten nach dem Trauma, am frühesten beim Myoglobin. Bei postmortaler Traumatisierung waren die Veränderungen nicht nachweisbar. Die Antigene waren bis 72 Stunden postmortal stabil. Der Nachweis der Muskelprotein-Depletion stellt eine wichtige Ergänzung zu den lichtoptischen Kriterien vitaler Muskelfaseralterationen dar.
    Notes: Summary The muscle proteins actin, myosin, desmin and myoglobin were investigated in traumatically damaged human and animal skeletal muscle using an immunohistochemical PAP-method. A depletion of all the proteins investigated was observed in muscle fibres damaged in the antemortem period. The antigens could however also be demonstrated in the otherwise empty sarcolemma, the discoid disintegration zones of the fibres and between the fibres. The depletion begins immediately after the trauma and myoglobin is the first to be affected. No such changes could be observed after post mortem muscle damage. The antigens could be demonstrated until 72 hours postmortem. The demonstration of protein depletion is an important addition to the light microscopical findings in vital muscle alterations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01369810
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localisation of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity within the spinal nucleus of the genitofemoral nerve (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 6 (1991), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Genitofemoral nerve ; Testicular descent ; Sexual dimorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because transection of the genitofemoral nerve (GFN) prevents inguino-scrotal testicular descent, we postulated that a neuro-transmitted may act as a “second messenger” for androgen to cause gubernacular migration. Immunohistochemistry for various neuropeptides was performed on frozen serial sections of upper lumbar spinal cord and pelvis from immature male and female rats and immature male, female, and testicular feminisation syndrome (TFM) mice. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity was present in significant amounts in the soma of motor neurons in the 1st and 2nd lumbar segments. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, 5-hydroxytryptamine, somatostatin 8, met-enkephalin, substance P, thyrotrophin releasing hormone, and neuropeptide Y were not present above background levels in upper lumbar motor neurons. Colocalisation studies, combining fluorescent retrograde labelling of the GFN with immunohistochemistry for CGRP, showed that the CGRP staining was localized within the motor nucleus of the GFN. Quantification in mice of cells within this nucleus that contained CGRP immunoreactivity showed that the nucleus of the GFN contained more numerous and larger cells in male mice than in TFM or female mice. The proportion of cells that were positive for CGRP immunoreactivity was greatest in males, suggesting that sexual dimorphism of CGRP may be important in gubernacular migration and inguino-scrotal testicular descent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176063
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intravascular glomus tumour: a previously undescribed phenomenon (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Intravascular glomus tumour ; Blood vessel ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the first case of an intravascular glomus tumour, which was located in the right forearm of a 40-year-old male. Microscopically the lesion originated from the wall of a vein and protruded into the lumen of the affected blood vessel. The tumour cells were characterized immunohistochemically by the presence of vimentin, actin and myosin. Within the tumour, small nerves, immunopositive for S-100 protein and neurofilaments, could be identified. Histogenetically, the tumour is thought to derive from intramural epithelioid cells of the venous part of an arteriovenous anastomosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600294
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion of the stomach (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion ; Benign lymphocytic vasculitis with granulomatosis ; T-lymphocytes ; Stomach ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report here a rare case of angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion (AIL) of the stomach. The patient was a 61-year-old Japanese female whose medical history was unremarkable. Following a complaint of abdominal discomfort, a submucosal tumour of the stomach was found and gastrectomy was done. Histological examination of the tumour revealed multiple angiocentric or angiodestructive lesions with numerous lymphocytic infiltrates. These vascular lesions were histologically the same as those in benign lymphocytic vasculitis with granulomatosis (BLV) of the respiratory tract. AIL is a distinct entity, including BLV, lymphomatoid granulomatosis and angiocentric lymphoma with BLV representing a good prognosis group of AIL. A survey of the literature suggests that AIL is a spectrum of T-lymphocyte proliferative disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first case of AIL involving the stomach primarily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606066
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical characterization of Ki-M6 monoclonal antibody in Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of normal and neoplastic human tissues (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: CD 68 ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monocyte/macrophage-related cells ; Fibrous histiocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody (Ki-M6) against the CD 68 antigen, which labels cells of the monocyte/macrophage system, was tested on Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of normal, reactive and neoplastic tissues by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, with the aim of establishing its value in diagnostic pathology. In normal human tissues, Ki-M6 reactivity was confined to the so-called resident macrophages populating normal organs under physiological conditions. Moreover, restricted reactivity against cells of macrophage lineage was observed in reactive and inflammatory lesions. Granulocytes, monocyte/macrophage-related immune accessory cells, and other analysed normal tissue structures did not reveal any reactivity. Ki-M6 was strongly reactive with the cases of benign (4/4) and malignant (15/15) fibrous histiocytomas, in addition to the true histiocytic lymphomas (3/3). Cases of granular cell tumour (2/3) showed strong reactivity with Ki-M6, whereas only few immunoreactive cells, with weak staining, were seen in the other Ki-M6-positive neoplasms [neurofibroma (3/3), benign schwannoma (1/2), ganglioneuroma (1/1), malignant schwannoma (5/9), melanoma (9/28), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1/1), myelomonocytic leukaemia (3/3)]. Among the epithelial malignancies tested (47 cases), Ki-M6 was positive only in renal cell carcinoma (11/14). Malignant lymphomas of the Hodgkin (56 cases) and non-Hodgkin type (67 cases) were uniformly non-reactive. From these data, Ki-M6 appears to be an excellent marker of monocyte/macrophage-related cells and appears to be a reliable indicator for fibrous histiocytomas and true histiocytic malignancies. The availability of this additional antibody capable of staining routinely processed tissue is of practical interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600166
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Islet amyloid polypeptide in insulinoma and in the islets of the pancreas of non-diabetic and diabetic subjects (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 411-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Insulinoma ; Pancreatic islet ; Diabetes mellitus ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amyloid deposition is a common pathological feature in insulinoma and in the islets of the pancreas in type-2 diabetic patients. The present immunohisto-chemical study revealed that normal B-cells, insulinoma, and amyloid deposits in insulinoma and diabetic pancreatic islets were commonly immunoreactive with antiserum to C-terminal synthetic tetradecapeptide of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) (24–37). Amyloid fibrils in insulinoma were also positive to IAPP by immunoelectron microscopy. A high level of IAPP was detected in the plasma and tissue of a insulinoma patient by radioimmunoassay suggesting that amyloid deposition in insulinoma is due to overproduction of IAPP. Amyloid deposits immunoreactive to IAPP were also seen in all diabetic pancreatic islets, but in no non-diabetic islets. There was much amyloid deposition in the islets of severe diabetics, whose B-cells demonstrated decreased immunoreactivities for IAPP and insulin. The IAPP content of the pancreas was 649.0 and 847.7 pg/mg wet weight in each of two diabetic patients, and 1034.6 and 1447.7 pg/mg wet weight in two non-diabetic patients. The present study revealed that IAPP is a bioactive peptide secreted from islet B-cells and are amyloidogenic peptide concerned in diabetogenensis and/or the progression of type-2 diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605927
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokeratin polypeptide expression in a cloacogenic carcinoma and in the normal anal canal epithelium (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cloacogenic carcinoma ; Anal ; Canal ; Cytokeratins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to explore the origin of cloacogenic carcinoma in the anal canal by immunohistochemical methods. We compared cytokeratin polypeptide expression of a cloacogenic carcinoma to normal anal epithelia, to anal squamous cell carcinoma and to basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, using a battery of monoclonal anti-cytokeratin, polypeptide-specific antibodies. Our results indicate that cloacogenic carcinoma expresses cytokeratin polypeptides similar to those of the basal layer of anal squamous epithelium, of the anal transitional zone epithelium and of a layer of basal cells in the anal glands. Thus we concluded that each of the above cell types may be the cell of origin of cloacogenic carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605932
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of keratins 8 and 14 in benign tumours of the skin appendage (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keratin ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Skin appendage tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of keratins 8 and 14 was investigated immunohistochemically by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) method using formalin-fixed paraffinembedded specimens from 42 tumours of human skin appendages. Results were compared with the staining of 34 specimens from normal skin and skin appendages adjacent to the tumours. Keratin 14 was detected by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 312C8-1, and was found in the basal cells of the epidermis, the outer root sheaths of hair follicles, and the peripheral cells of sebaceous glands. It was also detected in the inner and outer layers of cells in the ductal portion and the myoepithelial cells in the secretory portion of apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. Keratin 8 was detected by mAb 35BH11, and was present in the secretory cells of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands but not in myoepithelial or ductal cells. The pilosebaceous apparatus and the epidermis were uniformly negative. In benign skin appendage tumours, the staining patterns for both keratins generally resembled their distribution in the corresponding normal tissues. The demonstration of keratins 8 and 14 may be useful in the recognition, classification and diagnosis of skin appendage tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606500
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma associated with long-term survival (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 551-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prolonged survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with focal biliary differentiation are presented. The distinct histological features of these neoplasms and the unusually protracted clinical course of 8 and 10 years distinguish them from previously described pathological categories of primary hepatic tumors. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings support a dual hepatic and bile duct differentiation of the tumor cells. If additional examples of this tumor are found to be associated with a similarly prolonged symptom-free survival, the distinction of this entity from traditional, rapidly fatal HCC becomes important. Less aggressive therapeutic options may be entertained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606507
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of sarcoma-like mural nodules in a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ovary ; Mucinous tumour ; Sarcoma-like ; mural nodules ; Anaplastic carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe an ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with several sarcoma-like mural nodules (SLMN). The distinction between these lesions and foci of anaplastic carcinoma is important because of the poor prognosis of the latter. We have studied the potential value of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of these two lesions. In contrast to an anaplastic carcinoma, which was largely composed of keratin-positive cells, SLMN were negative or only focally positive. Therefore, in distinguishing SLMN from foci of anaplastic carcinoma, keratin stains may be added to other gross and microscopical differential features, such as size, demarcation, and presence or lack of obvious carcinomatous elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600221
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucagonomas of transgenic mice express a wide range of general neuroendocrine markers and bioactive peptides (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 115-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Transgenic mice ; Glucagonomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic tumours of transgenic mice carrying a glucagon-promoted simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen oncogene have been analysed by histological, histochemical, ultrastructural and radioimmunological means. Seven transgenic mice were examined revealing dysplastic and neoplastic lesions in the endocrine pancreas. Four tumours were identified, one of which metastasized to periadrenal spaces and paravertebral lymph nodes. Benign tumours were composed of argyrophilic, endocrine cells reactive to a range of antibodies against neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and protein 7B2) and different fragments of the proglucagon molecule (glucagon, glicentin, glucagon-like polypeptides 1 and 2). A few tumour cells expressed pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin or insulin. Conventional ultrastructural analysis and immunogold labelling revealed typical glucagon-immunoreactive alpha granules which co-stored glicentin and glucagon-like polypeptides 1 and 2. The malignant primary tumour and its metastases were composed mainly of cells which did not show immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine markers or peptides. Atypical, glucagon-immunogold labelled granules were detected at electron microscopy in differentiated tumour cells and C-type retroviral particles in the largest tumour population of degranulated cells. The transgene-encoded oncoprotein SV40 large T-antigen was detected in the nuclei of well-differentiated tumour cells and in alpha cells of some dysplastic islets. All tumour-bearing mice showed high levels of circulating glucagon-like immunoreactivity. Transgenic mice harbouring the glucagon-promoted SV40 T antigen oncogene may provide a model for human glucagonoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600225
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new monoclonal antibody to human subcapsular thymic epithelial cells (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Thymic epithelial cells ; Thymic cancer ; K-20 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody, termed K-20, was generated against an anaplastic thymic carcinoma cell line, Ty-82. Subcapsular thymic epithelial cells of the thymus and blood vessels in various organs were shown to react with the K-20 monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemical staining. Immunofluorescent study revealed that various haematopoietic fresh cells and cell lines did not show any significant reactivity with K-20, except for one Epstein-Barr-virus-carrying lymphoma cell line (SP-50B). Western immunoblotting and affinity purification procedure revealed that K-20 was directed to a protein with a molecular weight of 28 kDa. K-20 is unique in its restrictive reactivity with human subcapsular thymic epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600229
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenocarcinoma of the cervical oesophagus arising from ectopic gastric mucosa (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oesophageal adenocarcinoma ; Ectopic gastric mucosa ; Mucosubstance ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of adenocarcinoma of the cervical oesophagus was examined by employing a battery of histochemical techniques and was demonstrated to arise from ectopic gastric mucosa. The patient was a 66-year-old Japanese male. Endoscopy revealed an ulcerated tumour on the right anterior wall of the cervical oesophagus, approximately 16 cm from the incisor teeth. Pathological examination of surgically removed specimens showed well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Ectopic gastric mucosa was found in the oesophageal mucosa adjoining the carcinoma. Histochemical stains for characterizing mucosubstances and immunostains for various antigens were used. In addition to this carcinoma, ectopic gastric mucosa in the oesophagus and normal oesophageal, cardiac, tracheal and bronchial mucosa were also examined. The results showed that the carcinoma contained mucins, which showed reactivities characteristic of the gastric surface mucous cell (galactose oxidase-cold thionin Schiff reactive) and gland mucous cell (paradoxical concanavalin A staining reactive). Ectopic gastric mucosa consistently contained these mucins, but other tissue sites lacked them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600231
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical distribution patterns of epidermal growth factor receptor in malignant mesothelioma and non-neoplastic mesothelium (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Mesothelioma ; Pleura ; Nuclear immunoreactivity ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in non-neoplastic pleural mesothelium (35 cases) and in human malignant mesothelioma (36 cases) was made, using a murine monoclonal antibody OM-11-951. All malignant mesotheliomas and non-neoplastic pleural biopsies exhibited a strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in mesothelial cells. Nuclear immunoreactivity was detected in mesothelial cells of all specimens of both malignant and non-neoplastic pleura. No statistically significant differences were found between malignant mesothelioma and non-neoplastic pleural mesothelium. There were differences, between the three subtypes of mesothelioma, in the number of cells that exhibited nuclear staining. Statistically significant differences were noted between the epithelial subtype and the mesenchymal subtype (P〈 0.005), epithelial subtype versus the mixed cell type (P〈 0.005) and between the mesenchymal component of the mixed cell type and the mesenchymal type (P〈0.0005). We conclude that there is strong expression of EGF receptor in both malignant mesothelioma and in non-neoplastic pleural mesothelium. Different staining patterns are seen when comparing the different subtypes of mesotheliomas with each other. EGF receptor expression cannot be used to distinguish between malignant and benign mesothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01626344
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localisation of complement components in association with glomerular extracellular particles in various renal diseases (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Complement ; Glomerular deposits ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraglomerular extracellular microparticles including so-called virus-like particles and striated membranous structures have been observed in various renal diseases. The presence and localisation of complement components in these extracellular bodies was studied using the protein A-gold electron microscopy method. Ultrastructurally these particles were differentiated into microspherical structures (MSS) and thread-like structures (TS). Both structures showed weak to moderate diffuse labelling with C1s, whilst the intense labelling found with C3d and C9 was confined to individual membrane-like structures of both MSS and TS. Labelling with IgA, IgG, fibrinogen and the complement components C1q, C1r, C3c C4 and C5 showed negative or trace results. There were no differences between the immunolabelling patterns of MSS and TS, nor among different renal diseases in which these structures were found. These findings raise the possibility that formation of so-called virus-like particles such as MSS and TS may be associated with complement activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606517
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of lectin and B-lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies for the demonstration of human microglia in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody ; Lectin histochemistry ; Human autopsy brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the usefulness of microglial markers for routine neuropathological material, we studied formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human brain tissue with the immunoperoxidase method using the lectinRicinus communis agglutinin (RCA-1) and four monoclonal antibodies (LN-1, LN-2, LN-3, anti-HLA-DR/ alpha). RCA-1 stained resting microglia, but the staining intensity was mostly weak. LN-1 also stained resting microglia in paraffin sections first treated with protease. In contrast to LN-1, RCA-1 stained blood vessels heavily. LN-1 stained resting microglia more markedly than RCA-1 in brains fixed for a prolonged period of time. However, LN-1 recognized a small number of astrocytes in routine paraffin sections. LN-3 reactivity was detected on a few resting microglia, but was intensely expressed on large numbers of reactive microglia in many neurological diseases. Both LN-2 and anti-HLA-DR/alpha labelled microglia, but the reactions were inconsistent. This study suggests that the monoclonal antibodies LN-1 and LN-3 are useful for the demonstration of microglia in paraffin sections, and a combination of these antibodies and the antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein is recommended in attempting to identify microglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606520
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor, a human thioredoxin homologue, in human fetal tissues (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adult T-cell leukaemia ; Derived factor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Thioredoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study of the expression of adult T-cell leukaemia-derived factor (ADF), a human thioredoxin homologue, was performed using a rabbit antibody against the C-terminal peptides of ADF. Tissues were obtained from human fetuses between 9 and 23 weeks of gestation. It was revealed that ADF was widely distributed in different organs and tissues during the fetal period. The ADF antibody reacted selectively with medullary cells of the thymus, lung epithelium, the epithelium of the digestive tract, hepatocytes, bladder epithelium, peripheral nerve cells, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, osteoblasts and the proximal tubules of the kidney. It also reacted with cells destined to differentiate into ciliated cells in the fallopian tube and efferent ductules of the testis, interstitial cells in the ovary, Leydig cells of the testis, and dendritic cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. This is the first report on the thioredoxin system in human cells during the early fetal period. The selectivity of ADF staining in fetal tissues suggests that, during early fetal life, ADF expression correlates well with the cellular function of certain tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606523
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized amyloidosis from β2-microglobulin, with caecal perforation after long-term haemodialysis (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Long-term haemodialysis ; β 2-Microglobulin ; Derived amyloidosis ; Caecal perforation ; Pathological hip fracture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 73-year-old man with chronic renal failure of undetermined aetiology had received haemodialysis for 12 years when he died of acute purulent peritonitis due to caecal perforation. Amyloid deposits detected in a cystic bone lesion in the left hip had caused a pathological fracture 17 days before death. At autopsy, extensive amyloid deposits were found in the osteoarticular system, in the cartilaginous surface and the capsular tissue of joints, ligaments, vertebral discs and bone. In addition, vascular amyloid deposits were diagnosed in the heart, kidneys, testes, lungs, skin and in the gastrointestinal tract. A special feature of this case were interstitial amyloid deposits forming a fine-meshed structure in the myocardium and plate-like deposits in the gastrointestinal tract. Immunohistochemically, all these deposits reacted strongly with antibody to humanβ 2-microglobulin but showed no reaction with antibodies to AA, Alambda, A-kappa and AF. The present case demonstrates that extra-osteoarticular manifestations of AB-amyloidosis can cause serious complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606526
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical evaluation of bone marrow lymphoid nodules in chronic myeloproliferative disorders (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lymphoid nodules ; Chronic myeloproliferative disorders ; Bone marrow ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred and seventy bone marrow biopsies from patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) were evaluated for the presence of lymphoid nodules (LNs) and were immunostained using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (UCHL1, 4KB5 and L26) recognizing different lymphocyte antigens. LNs were found in 35% of cases of idiopathic thrombocythaemia, 24.6% of myelofibrosis/osteomyelosclerosis, 18.2% of polycythaemia vera, 12.1% of chronic myeloid leukaemia and 19.2% of borderline cases. Varying degrees of immunohistochemical positivity for the three antibodies tested were found. LNs were always made up of variable proportions of both T-and B-lymphocytes with a prevalence of T-cells. This latter observation suggests that bone marrow LNs in CMPDs could be an expression of reactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606516
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mucin-histochemical and immunohistochemical profiles of epithelial cells of several types of hepatic cysts (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hepatic cysts ; Mucin histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intrahepatic bile ducts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epithelial cells of several types of hepatic cysts were examined by mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemically. There were some differences in mucus and antigenic expression among the hepatic cysts examined. Epithelial cells of non-parasitic simple cysts and adult-type polycystic liver showed similar mucin-histochemical and immunohistochemical features, and were characterized by little mucin and weak immunoreactivities to several antibodies examined. Epithelial cells of hepatic hilar cysts were characterized by much mucin and moderate immunoreactivities to carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Epithelial cells of ciliated hepatic foregut cysts were characterized by much mucin and immunoreactivities to actin and tubulin which were positive in cilia. Epithelial cells of biliary cystadenoma were characterized by much mucin and moderate to strong immunoreactivities to cytokeratins CAM5.2 and AE1 and 3 as well as to CA 19-9, CEA, EMA and DU-PAN-2. Epithelial cells of biliary cystadenocarcinoma were characterized by much mucin and moderate to strong immunoreactivities to cytokeratins CAM5.2 and AE1 and 3 as well as to CA 19-9, CEA, EMA and DU-PAN-2. These differences in epithelial mucus and antigenic expression among several types of hepatic cysts may reflect differences in their origin and biological characteristics. These differences may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of hepatic cysts in small biopsy specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01650679
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary blastoma with a topographic transition from blastic to more differentiated areas (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pulmonary blastoma ; Stage-specific embryonic antigens ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the probable embryonic nature of pulmonary blastoma, immunohistochemical studies were performed using stage-specific embryonic antigens (Ley, Lex, sialyl Lex-i) in a case of pulmonary blastoma with a very wide spectrum of morphological features. The tumour presented a topographic transition from primitive blastic and embryonic areas to more differentiated areas showing diverse differentiation. Blastic areas composed of extremely immature cells were found in most peripheral parts of the tumour. Inside the blastic areas there were “embryonic” areas which morphologically resembled human embryo lungs in the pseudoglandular and canalicular stages. Most central parts of the tumour showed more differentiated features including chondrosarcomatous, leiomyosarcomatous and rhabdomyosarcomatous elements and the common type of adenocarcinomatous element. Electron microscopic observation suggested the blastic and embryonic nature of these immature cell elements. Ley was expressed in the blastic and pseudoglandular areas. Lex was expressed in the canalicular areas. These antigens were not expressed in the more differentiated areas. The topographic gradient in the tumour of morphology and antigen expression from the peripheral blastic areas to the central more differentiated areas suggests that the primitive cells gradually differentiated into more mature cells of various directions as the tumour grew in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01650681
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical characterization of HLA-DR-antigen positive dendritic cells in phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas as a prognostic marker (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: HLA-DR ; Phaeochromocytomas ; Paragangliomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve cases of phaeochromocytoma (PCC) and four cases of paraganglioma (PGG) were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy in order to demonstrate HLA-DR (Ia)-antigen-positive dendritic cells (IaDCs). Dense infiltration of IaDCs was detected in the majority of PCCs revealing high urinary or serum catecholamine levels, but in aggressively growing PCCs, a familial PCC and all PGGs, few IaDCs were demonstrated. Interestingly, these IaDCs were negative for S-100 protein. Although S-100-protein-positive sustentacular-like cells (SCs), morphologically similar to IaDCs, were also present, these were clearly distinguished from IaDCs by our double immunostaining method. Ultrastructurally, IaDCs had smooth or slightly indented nuclei and contained a moderate amount of endoplasmic reticulum, small mitochondria and vacuoles, extending elongated cytoplasmic processes. These results suggest that determination of the quantity of IaDCs is a highly effective method of assessing the character of PCCs, in particular, their prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600242
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunodetection of sialyl-Tn antigen in normal, hyperplastic and cancerous tissues of the uterine endometrium (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Sialyl-Tn antigen ; Endometrial hyperplasia ; Mucin-type monosaccharide ; Tumour marker ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of sialyl-Tn antigen (STn) in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic tissues of the uterine endometrium was examined by immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples using the monoclonal antibody TKH-2, directed toward the STn structure (NeuAc 2–6GalNac 1-O-serine or threonine). STn was expressed in 13 of 18 normal postovulatory endometria with an increasing staining intensity and incidence in the late secretory phase. It was consistently absent in 10 proliferative endometria. None of 5 cystic, 4 adenomatous or 12 atypical hyperplasias expressed STn, but areas of severe cytological atypia in 3 atypical hyperplasias showed faint expression. STn expression was detected in 36 of 43 adenocarcinomas. Although the extent of staining varied from a few to most of the cancer cells, general staining was observed throughout the cytoplasm of cancer cells with increased staining of the luminal surface and frequent positive staining of intraluminal mucin. Thus, it is clear that STn is selectively expressed in cancer cells and shows restricted expression in normal and hyperplastic endometrial tissues. STn may be an early marker of malignant transformation and has potential for use as a diagnostic aid in the surgical pathology of the uterine endometrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600291
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Necrotizing lymphadenitis: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of four familial cases and five recurrent cases (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Necrotizing lymphadenitis ; Recurrence ; Immunohistochemistry ; T subset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the clinicopathological and immunohistological findings of nine cases of necrotizing lymphadenitis, consisting of four cases of familial infection and five cases of recurrence. Fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, leucopenia and swelling of the tonsils are characteristic clinical findings. Morphological features of the lymph nodes include the presence of immunoblasts, plasmacytoid T cells, histiocytes and macrophages, the latter with phagocytized nuclear debris derived from degenerated lymphocytes. However, granulocytes are generally absent. Ultrastructurally, tubuloreticular structures are observed not only in lymphoid cells, but in vascular endothelial cells. Immunological studies of peripheral blood using monoclonal antibodies disclose that CD 8+ (Leu 2a+: suppressor/cytotoxic) cells predominate at the onset, but they gradually decrease with the clinical course and the ratio of CD 4+∶CD 8+ (helper:suppressor) increases as the disease progresses. However, in the affected lymph nodes, CD 4+ (Leu 2a+:helper/inducer) cells often increase with the clinical progression, but the ratio of CD 4+∶CD 8+ in the lymph nodes does not correlate with clinical progression. In addition, Ki-67+CD 8+ cells are more often seen than Ki-67+CD 4+ cells. It is suggested that necrotizing lymphadenitis is an infectious disease in which CD 4+ cells are disrupted and CD 8+ cells undergo transformation to blastoid cells. This results in a change in the ratio of T subsets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606059
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromogranin A and B in parathyroid tissue of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism: an immunohistochemical study (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Parathyroid gland ; Primary hyperparathyroidism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chromogranin A ; Chromogranin B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Routinely processed parathyroid tissues from 26 cases with primary hyperparathyroidism (19 adenomas, 7 multiglandular hyperplasia) and 8 normal human parathyroid glands were investigated with antibodies against chromogranin A and B and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Normal parathyroids were immunohistochemically positive for PTH and chromogranin A but negative for chromogranin B. Hyperplastic glands showed a focal staining for PTH and chromogranin A without correlation of the staining pattern on serial sections. Adenomas were either uniformly positive for both PTH and chromogranin A or showed a staining pattern similar to that seen in hyperplastic glands. Focal chromogranin B positivity (less than 10% of cells) was found in 3 cases (1 hyperplastic gland and 2 cases of parathyroid adenoma with an immunohistochemical staining pattern similar to hyperplastic glands). Our immunohistochemical results may support previously published findings that most parathyroid adenomas are monoclonal neoplasms whereas hyperplastic glands are of polyclonal origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600157
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histiocytosis X arising in Hodgkin's disease: immunophenotypic characterization with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 369-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Histiocytosis X ; Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ; Major histocompatibility complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report describes the antigenic profile of the proliferating cells of pulmonary histiocytosis X (HX) in a patient treated with chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma; the association of pulmonary HX and Hodgkin's disease has rarely been described in the literature. The histopathological diagnosis of HX was confirmed with the aid of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CD4, CD1a, and polyclonal serum anti S-100 protein. The phenotype of HX cells has been analysed using a panel of mAbs against HLA class I A, B, C monomorphic determinants, locus A and B,β2-microglobulin, HLA class II distinct monomorphic determinants, DP, DQ, DR, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vitronectin receptors. Our results indicate that HX cells express HLA class I and II, including locus A, locus B and DP, DQ, DR, like their normal counterpart (represented by Langerhans cells) and detectable levels of ICAM-1 but not vitronectin receptors. We would like to stress the possibility of the association of HX and Hodgkin's lymphoma extending the immunophenotypic profile of HX cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600168
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HGH, PRL and βHCG/βLH gene expression in clinically inactive pituitary adenomas detected by in situ hybridization (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within our surgical collection clinically inactive pituitary adenomas represent 30.7% of all pituitary tumours. To characterize their endocrine activity we studied 40 clinically inactive pituitary adenomas with in situ hybridization (ISH) using cRNA probes labelled with35S encoding growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and chorionic gonadotrophin (βHCG). No tumour was associated with clinical evidence of elevated hormone secretion. A mild hyperprolactinaemia not correlated with hormone or the mRNA content of the cells was interpreted to be incidental in 11 patients. By histological analysis, immunohistochemistry (IH) and electron microscopy the adenomas were diagnosed as small cell chromophobic (n=16) and large cell chromophobic (n=8) adenomas, and oncocytomas (n=16). Gene expression of one or more hormones was identified by ISH in 18 of 40 adenomas in few cells. GH and PRL gene expression was rare (GH mRNA in 3 of 40 tumours and PRL mRNA in 8 of 40 tumours) whereas in 14 of 40 adenomasβHCG/βLH gene expression was identified in scattered cells. Five of 40 adenomas lacking hybridization signals revealed hormones by IH. The detection of mRNA was accompanied by positive immunostaining for the respective hormones in 72%. The combination of ISH and IH reveals good evidence that the hormones are synthesized in the tumours and not taken up from the serum and stored in the cells. The two methods used together permit a more precise analysis of tumour biology than each alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605926
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histology and virus expression in the liver: A prognostic puzzle in chronic hepatitis B (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chronic hepatitis B virus ; Piecemeal necrosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty chronic untreated paediatric carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with no other causes of liver disease, were biopsied on presentation, when the disease was in the active viral replication phase. After a period ranging from 1 to 13 years, all patients underwent a control biopsy. At the time of the last biopsy, 31 of the patients were anti-HBe positive, whereas 9 persisted in the active replication phase. In this latter phase, necrotic and inflammatory lesions and the presence of nuclear HBcAg were found significantly more frequently than when replication had terminated. The necrotic and inflammatory lesions detected in the first biopsy of patients who subsequently underwent antiHBe seroconversion were significantly more severe than in patients failing to reach seroconversion. All patients who maintained viral replication showed generalized nuclear reactivity for HBcAg on presentation; such reactivity was also found in 16 of 31 (52%) patients who reached anti-HBeAg seroconversion. All these cases had piecemeal necrosis (PMN) in the biopsy. PMN may therefore be considered as a positive prognostic factor in that it identifies those patients who may seroconvert with significant remission of liver disease
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600222
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of malignant lymphomas in Iran, based on the updated Kiel classification (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 451-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas ; Kiel classification ; Immunohistochemistry ; Iran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred and sixty-two consecutive cases of malignant lymphoma were collected from two diagnostic centres in north and south Iran. Tissue samples were examined by immunohistological methods, and the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were classified according to the updated Kiel classification. The distribution of the different types of malignant lymphoma in this study is compared with the situation in Western countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01650671
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide in the conduction system and ventricular muscles of the human heart (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Conduction system ; Cardiac disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Northern blotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone, is known to be located in the atrial specific granules, but its presence and localization in the ventricular muscle of the human heart has not been examined fully. Using a specific antibody to human ANP, we studied the conduction system and ventricular muscle with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods in 30 hearts obtained at autopsy. These included 12 normal and 18 diseased hearts. In the normal hearts, ANP-positive granules, which were regularly observed in the atrial myocytes, were found in small quantities in the cells of the penetrating and branching bundles in 4 of 12, and in the cells of the ventricular free walls in 2 of the 12 hearts. In the diseased hearts, the positivity increased significantly (P〈0.05), being found in 13 of 18 (72.2%) conduction systems and 10 of 18 (55.6%) ventricular muscles. The granules were confirmed to be immunoreactive with ANP by ultrastructural examination. Furthermore, the presence of ANP mRNA in the conduction system as well as in the ventricular myocytes was demonstrated by Northern blot hybridization for which we used the complementary DNA of human ANP. Thus, a small quantity of ANP appears to be synthesized and stored in the conduction system and ventricles of some normal hearts. However, ANP was shown to be present in a larger percentage of the diseased hearts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600239
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of epidermal growth factor in human tissues (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor ; Human tissues ; Radioimmunoassay ; Immunohistochemistry ; Northern blotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined on various human tissues by radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analysis. Immunoreactive EGF was found in most of the human tissues by radioimmunoassay at various levels. Large quantities of EGF were detected in the kidney and thyroid gland. Immunohistochemically, EGF immunoreactivity was detected mainly in the epithelial cells of the lung, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, kidney, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, mammary gland, ovary, uterus and placenta. Weakly EGF-positive cells were also found in the adrenal gland. The results of EGF-immunostaining were not always consistent with the data from radioimmunoassay. We consider that the amount of EGF measured by radioimmunoassay reflects the density of EGF-positive cells in the tissues and the concentration of EGF in individual EGF-positive cells. Furthermore, EGF mRNA was expressed in the salivary gland, thyroid gland, mammary gland and kidney. It is thus evident that EGF is produced by a variety of human tissues. The kidney expressed exceptionally high levels of EGF mRNA which was about one-tenth of the expression in mouse submandibular gland, suggesting that most of EGF in the urine is produced and secreted by the epithelial cells of renal tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600241
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin filaments in rete testis and epididymis (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Testis ; Epididymis ; Cytoskeleton ; Embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 11 testes of different developmental stages (from 10-week-old embryos to adult) the cytokeratin and vimentin expression patterns of rete testis and epididymis were investigated immunohistochemically in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded material. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy including double immunofluorescence was performed on frozen sections of 3 of these 11 cases. Rete testis and epididymis cells displayed a heterogeneous co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin. In double immunohistochemistry, differences in distribution of keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments with predominance of cytokeratins in the apical cytoplasmic regions and of vimentin filaments in the basal portions of the cells were found. Cytokeratin expression preceded the appearance of vimentin: cytokeratin was already detectable in 10-week-old embryos, while weak vimentin immunoreactivity was first seen in 12-week-old embryos and became conspicuous in testes around the perinatal period. In testes of children up to 2 years of age the cytoplasmic distribution of cytokeratin and vimentin was more homogeneous. Predominance of the basal cell portions for vimentin and the apical regions for cytokeratin staining were less pronounced than in adult testes. In the proximal and distal parts of the epididymis a different intermediate filament expression pattern was found with a clear predominance of cytokeratin near the rete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600287
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in acute rat cardiac allograft rejection: An immunological and ultrastructural study (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cell-mediated cardiocyte injury ; Acute cardiac allograft rejection ; Mononuclear cellular infiltration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To clarify the immune mechanism of cytotoxicity in acute cardiac allograft rejection, we observed interactions between cardiocytes and mononuclear cells using immunohistochemistry and light and electron microscopy. All allografted WKA rat hearts transplanted to F344 recipients stopped beating by the 7th day after the transplantation. The population of helper/inducer T cells (Th) and IL2R+ cells was large for the first 3 days, whereas that of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (Tc-s) and macrophages increased from the 4th day. TheTh/Tc-s ratios were more than 2.0 until the 3rd day, then decreased to less than 1.0. In circulating T lymphocytes; theTh/Tc-s ratios were under 1.0 on the 1st, 6th and 7th days. Electron microscopically IL2R+ cells, Tc-s and macrophages were often seen in close contact with the plasma membrane of the cardiocytes. The majority of IL2R+ cells are NK cells, Tc-s andTh. Of these, the population of Tc-s was small until the 3rd day. Thus, NK cells play a pivotal role in the early stage of the rejection, and Tc-s and macrophages then aggravate cell-mediated cardiocyte injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600243
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Wegener's granulomatosis: A clinicopathological study (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Wegener's granulomatosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nasal cavity ; Paranasal sinuses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reports of sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, analysed with monoclonal antibodies, are scarce, and differentiation of these lymphomas from Wegener's granulomatosis can be difficult. In this study, we investigated histopathologically and immunohistologically 20 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary in the sinonasal region, and sinonasal biopsies from 11 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. All T-cell lymphomas (n=7) and plasmacytomas (n=4) were stage I at clinical presentation, while all B-cell lymphomas (n=9) presented at higher stages. T-cell lymphomas tended to be more frequent in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses; B-cell lymphomas more often presented in the nasopharynx. Remarkably, 1 B-cell lymphoma expressed MT1, and 1 T-cell lymphoma expressed L26 (CD 20). The follow-up of 2 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis was suggestive of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the original histological diagnosis of non-specific inflammation had to be changed to T-cell lymphoma, pleomorphic small cell type. We conclude that a biopsy from the sinonasal region with a dense inflammatory infiltrate, consisting predominantly of Tlymphocytes, renders a diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis unlikely and is at least suspicious of T-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical analysis is warranted for this type of biopsy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606061
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Expression of keratin 13 in human epithelial neoplasms (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keratin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Squamous epithelium ; Transitional cell epithelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of the 52 kDa keratin 13 was evaluated immunohistochemically, using the AE8 monoclonal antibody. Various squamous and transitional cell epithelial lesions and representative control tissues were studied. This antibody performed adequately in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue, but like keratin immunohistochemistry in general, required protease pretreatment. Keratin 13 was found consistently in the suprabasal layers of squamous epithelia of oral cavity, tonsils, larynx, esophagus, lower female genital tract, and transitional urothelium, but it was absent in the epidermis. Generally, various forms of squamous metaplasia were AE8-positive. In dysplasia, AE8 reactivity was considerably decreased or even absent despite the presence of apparent suprabasal maturation. In differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, AE8 immunoreactivity was usually limited to a few cells in the center of the keratinized foci. However, in 10% of squamous cell carcinomas, a significant number of tumor cells was positive. Only well-differentiated urothelial carcinomas showed AE8 immunoreactivity, while poorly differentiated tumors were negative. Interestingly, a Brenner's tumor showed a high number of AE8-positive epithelial cells. Our results show that the expression of keratin 13, as immunohistochemically determined by AE8 antibody, is significantly down-regulated in squamous cell malignancies. Its possible value as an adjunct to diagnosis of dysplasia should be investigated further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606063
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Epithelioid sarcoma mimicking angiosarcoma: The value of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 271-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Epithelioid sarcoma ; Soft tissue sarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Marker co-expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare malignant tumour of young adults, usually presenting as a skin ulcer or subcutaneous nodule in the distal portion of the upper limb. Multiple recurrences and late metastases are typical, leading to fatality in a third to one-half of all cases. The slow evolution of the tumour is one reason for its delayed recognition. The other is its frequent histological misinterpretation, in particular, as a peculiar granulomatous reaction. In our case, the primary tumour presented a variant morphological pattern so closely mimicking a cavernous angiosarcoma as to mislead several reputable opinions. Later recurrences and metastases were typical of ES, while a focal angiomatoid pattern was maintained. The morphology and immunoreactivity to a wide spectrum of tumour markers is compared with that of six file cases of classical ES. Retrospectively, all neoplastic lesions in our patient were ES. In young adults, lesions of the upper extremity, even when angiomatoid or haemorrhagic, should raise a suspicion of ES. Once epithelioid sarcoma is suspected, the differential diagnosis can be elucidated on immunohistochemical grounds. Early diagnosis provides the best opportunity for radical surgery at a stage when the tumour has not spread locally or disseminated systemically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606067
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical expression of amelogenins in odontogenic epithelial tumours and cysts (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Amelogenin ; Odontogenic tumour ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amelogenins, enamel proteins in odontogenic tumours, were detected immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody. They were strongly expressed in amyloid-like material, ghost cells, and the cells surrounding ghost cells of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours and cysts, whereas calcified bodies within the tumours and cysts showed negative staining. The expression of amelogenins was also positive in tumour cells of ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumour, squamous odontogenic tumour and ameloblastic fibroma. Peripheral tumour cells of the follicular ameloblastoma were positive with relatively intense staining. Undifferentiated or flattened tumour cells of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour and non-keratinized tumour cells of the squamous odontogenic tumour showed marked staining. Reduced ameloblasts in the odontoma displayed the strongest staining for amelogenins. The study suggests that biosynthesis of amelogenins may occur in the homogeneous materials of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours and cysts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600161
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypical large plasma cells in lymph node granulomas in cat-scratch disease (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 383-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cat-scratch disease lymphadenitis ; Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain ; Immunohistochemistry ; Atypical multinucleated plasma cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histological variant of plasma cells found in the granulomas of cat-scratch disease (CSD) lymphadenitis is reported. Though the lesion shows the typical features of suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis, many atypical giant cells which have abundant basophilic cytoplasm and bizarre nuclei with occasional multi-nucleated forms are noted among epithelioid histiocytes. The diagnosis of CSD lymphadenitis was confirmed by comparing clinical, histopathological, and histochemical (Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain) studies on lymph node sections from five cases with features typical of the disease. Histochemical (methyl green-pyronine stain) and immunohistochemical examination provided several lines of evidence indicating that the atypical giant cells in our case were plasmacytic and confirmed that its proliferation was reactive, not neoplastic. Multinucleated giant cells were also occasionally present in the other five cases, but they had histological and immunohistochemical features of Langhans' type giant cells. We stress the importance of distinguishing such atypical large plasma cells from neoplastic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605923
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiac myxomas: Immunohistochemical study of benign and malignant variants (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cardiac myxoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical investigation of 11 cardiac myxomas (CMs) including one malignant metastasizing CM showed a co-expression of epithelial (lu-5 and CAM 5.2), mesenchymal (vimentin) and neuroendocrine antigens (neuron-specific enolase) in all tumour cells. Factor VIII was found in the endothelial cells of capillaries only. In the subendocardium of fetal heart tissue close to the foramen ovale myofibroblasts reacting with the panepithelial antibody lu-5 were detected. We conclude that CMs are neoplasms that may develop from embryonic cell remnants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606497
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution patterns of apolipoproteins A1, A2, and B in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Apolipoprotein A1, A2, B ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Atherosclerotic vessels were analysed histochemically for distribution, quantity, and composition of apolipoprotein (Apo) types in the vascular wall. The specimens comprised all stages of atherosclerosis, from very discrete intimal changes to complicated lesions. The vessel specimens were marked with antibodies against human Apo A1, A2, and B. Apo A1 can be demonstrated in even the earliest stage of atherosclerosis, and increases with the progression of the disease. In the initial stage, Apo A1 is found first in lumen-adjacent layers of the intima, and is evident in deeper layers of the wall as the disease progresses. Arteries of muscular type show accumulation of Apo in an earlier stage (or in greater quantity at the same stage) than arteries of elastic type. At all stages, the amount of Apo A1 always exceeds that of A2 and B. In the intima, Apo B is higher than Apo A2, the media contains hardly any Apo B, and the adventitia has less B than A2. Within the intimal layer, Apo A1 and A2 are found in an intracellular (mainly in foam cells) or in an extracellular location, according to the stage of atherosclerosis. Apo B is almost exclusively extracellular; only cases of advanced atherosclerosis show some intracellular localization (mostly in foam cells), visualized as electron dense lamellar organelles, probably of lysosomal origin. In the media, Apo A1 and A2 are accumulated in intracellular deposits, whereas the extracellular storage of Apo A1 A2 and B is observed only in cases with the most severe damage. Our investigations suggest that the accumulation of apolipoproteins in the vascular wall is effected not only by insudation from the plasma, but also by neosynthesis and/or metabolism by locally derived cells or cells immigrating in the process of atherosclerosis. The presence of Apo A1 and A2 in the vessel wall is now documented, and their role at this site apparently differs from that in the plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600220
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the oral region (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Spindle cell squamous carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin ; Vimentin ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of spindle cell squamous carcinoma (SCSC) of the oral cavity were studied clinicopathologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally to summarize the clinicopathological features of this rare neoplasm and to discuss the debatable histogenesis of the sarcomatoid component and the differential diagnosis of SCSC. The mean age of the patients was 72 years and the female to male ratio was 1:2. Four of them had a history of irradiation for pre-existing squamous cell carcinoma. One patient died of SCSC. While clinical and histological prognostic factors of SCSC could not be determined, it was shown that radical surgery resulted in good prognosis. The epithelial nature of the sarcomatoid component of SCSC was clearly revealed by a combination of immunohistochemical staining for keratins and electron microscopic demonstration of tonofilament-like filaments and/or desmosome-like structures. Together with electron microscopic evaluation of the tumour cells, immunohistochemical characterization of tumour cells using antibodies to keratin, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein is very helpful in differentiating SCSC from true spindle cell sarcoma, melanoma and malignant myoepithelioma. In the immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of SCSC, it is important to remember that SCSC should not be ruled out of the differential diagnosis by a positive reaction for vimentin in sarcomatoid tumour cells. Absence of staining for keratin in the sarcomatoid tumour cells does not always exclude SCSC, because some SCSCs show immunoreactivity of keratin in their sarcomatoid components only with some anti-keratin antibodies. Different kinds of anti-keratin antibodies should be applied in the differential diagnosis of SCSC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01626345
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paragangliomas: Neuroendocrine features and cytometric DNA distribution patterns (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 455-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Paragangliomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Image cytometry ; DNA ploidy pattern ; Malignancy grading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paragangliomas from 22 patients with extraadrenal tumours of this type were studied. Neuroendocrine features were examined using immunohistochemical techniques. Twenty-two antisera raised against neuroendocrine “markers”, regulatory peptides, serotonin and intermediate filament proteins were studied in this group and cytometric DNA assessments were made by means of image cytometry. One normal and 5 hyperplastic carotid bodies were used as controls in the DNA cytometric investigations. Clinical and/or histopathological evidence of “malignancy” was present in 5 cases. The tumour cells showed heterogeneity with regard to their expression of different peptides, and the immunohistochemical analyses did not permit differentiation between benign and malignant paragangliomas. An euploid nuclear DNA distribution pattern was found in all controls and in 17 of the tumours; all except 1 were clinico-pathologically benign. An aneuploid DNA pattern was observed in 5 of the cases and some malignant features were present in 4 of these cases. DNA data may give further information apart from that obtained from the histopathological findings which may be of value in predicting the biological behaviour of this tumour type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01650672
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative immunohistochemistry of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary tract (1991)
    Springer
    Urological research 19 (1991), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Sarcomatoid carcinoma ; Urinary tract ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies to cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and factor XIIIa was performed in four cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and five cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma in the urinary tract. All cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma showed positive staining for factor XIIIa, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. No case was positive for factor XIIIa, but one case with sarcomatoid carcinoma stained positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. All cases showed positive staining for cytokeratin and 4 cases with sarcomatoid carcinoma were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, but no cases with malignant fibrous histiocytoma were positive. Immunohistochemical analysis would thus help to distinguish malignant fibrous histiocytoma from sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294025
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of the feline dorsal column nuclei and their GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 184 (1991), S. 181-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dorsal column nuclei ; GABA ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interneurons ; Light microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gracile and internal and external cuneate nuclei of four adult cats were studied, using recently developed stereological techniques. The length, volume and position of the nuclei in relation to the level of obex were calculated, as well as the number of neurones, the neuronal density and volume of the three nuclei and different regions in the gracile and internal cuneate nucleus. Material processed for GABA immunocytochemistry was used in order to compare GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurones. The results demonstrate variations in the same nucleus in different animals, and in the nucleus of the left and right sides of the same animal. The same nucleus can vary up to 4 mm in its rostrocaudal position in relation to the obex. The mean sizes of the gracile, internal and external cuneate nuclei are 4.2, 8.4 and 5.6 mm', respectively and their mean neuronal numbers are about 52000, 76 000 and 33000, respectively. The neuronal density was highest (12907 cells/mm3) in the gracile, and lowest in the external cuneate nucleus (5987 cells/mm3). The external cuneate nucleus had a larger relative volume (7.9%) occupied by nerve cell bodies compared with the two medial nuclei (5.1% and 5.8%). In the gracile and internal cuneate nuclei, the GABAergic neurones constituted 28% and 25% of the whole population, respectively, while the external cuneate nucleus was devoid of such cells. All the nuclei contained GABA-positive boutons, however. The mean volume of the GABA-stained neurones in the gracile nucleus was 2319, and internal cuneate 3065 μm3, while the corresponding volume of unlabelled neurones in the gracile, internal and external cuneate nuclei was 3745, 8147 and 13 318 μm3, respectively. When cyto-fibro-architectonic characteristics were used to subdivide the gracile and cuneate nuclei into rostral, middle and caudal regions, and the data of the three compartments compared, it was found that in both nuclei the middle region had the highest neuronal packing density, and the caudal region the largest mean nerve cell volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01673255
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ornithine decarboxylase in reversible cerebral ischemia: an immunohistochemical study (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1991), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain ; Cerebral ischemia ; Gerbil ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anesthetized Mongolian gerbils were subjected to 5-min ischemia and 8 h of recirculation. Vibratiom sections were taken for studying changes in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) immunoreactivity using an antiserum to ODC, and tissue samples were taken for measuring ODC activity. After 5-min ischemia and 8-h recirculation ODC activity increased 11.5-, 5.9-, and 7.9-fold in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus, respectively (P≤0.05 to 0.01). In the cortex, striatum and hippocampus of control animals immunoreactivity was low but clearly above the detection limit. The reaction was confined to neurons. After 5-min ischemia and 8-h recirculation a sharp increase in immunoreactivity was observed confined to neurons, indicating that the postischemic activation of polyamine metabolism is a neuronal response to ischemia. The immunoreactivity was markedly increased in the perinuclear cytoplasm and the dendrites. In the striatum the density of neurons exhibiting a sharp increase in immunoreactivity was more pronounced in the lateral than in the ventral part. In the hippocampus a strong reaction was present in all subfields but the CA1 subfield was particularly affected. The present study demonstrates for the first time that biosynthesis of a protein is markedly activated during the first 24 h of recirculation after 5-min cerebral ischemia of gerbils even in the vulnerable CA1 subfield, in which the overall protein synthesis is sharply reduced at the same time. Studying polyamine metabolism after ischemia may, thus, provide new information about the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for the altered gene expression after metabolic stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294428
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoelectron microscopy of Rosenthal fibers (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 503-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rosenthal fibers ; Ubiquitin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Vimentin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventeen intracerebral gliomas containing Rosenthal fibers (RF) were studied by an immunoperoxidase method for localization of ubiquitin (UB), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), desmin and vimentin (VIM). The majority of RF showed an immunohistochemically negative core surrounded by a ring of overlapping reactions for UB, GFAP and VIM. Many RF were entirely negative for UB and intermediate filaments (IF). Immunoelectron microscopic lozalization of UB and GFAP was performed on seven selected tumors. UB was found in all RF and on IF in the proximity of RF. GFAP reaction was localized on astrocytic IF, including those trapped within RF, and within the granular component of some RF. In contrast to the light microscopic studies, neither GFAP-nor UB-negative RF were found on immunoelectron microscopy. VIM reaction on IF and a few RF was demonstrated in one tumor processed at low temperature into Lowicryl; it was much weaker than that for GFAP. Many cells with RF contained lysosome-like inclusions with material displaying electron density similar to adjacent RF; few of these inclusions were reactive for UB. It is concluded that RF formation is associated with ubiquitination of astrocytic IF. GFAP-and VIM-immunoreactive IF and products of their disintegration contribute to RF material. It is also suggested that the lysosomal system of astrocytes partially degrades RF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310130
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and regulation of progesterone receptor in the urogenital tract of the chick embryo (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 183 (1991), S. 415-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Progesterone receptor ; Chick embryo ; Ur ; ogenital system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The early appearance, cellular distribution, and hormonal regulation of the progesterone receptor was studied in the urogenital tract of the chick embryo using antibodies to the receptor molecule. In embryos at day 5 of incubation the receptor is revealed in cell nuclei of the mesenchyme and the coelomic epithelium near the primordium of the urogenital sinus. In embryos at days 6 to 10 immunostained cells are found in the mesenchyme surrounding the urodeal and proctodeal epithelia. The first difference between male and female embryos appears at day 8, with a higher density of progesterone receptor-containing cells along the urogenital sinus epithelium in females. The female type of receptorpositive cell distribution can be induced in males by oestradiol treatment. Anti-oestrogens applied from day 0 of incubation do not prevent or delay the appearance of PR, but induce a male-type distribution in female embryos. In the gonads, immunostained cells appear unambiguously at day 6 in the medulla. At later stages, the receptor is revealed mostly in the medulla, although there are also positive cells in the cortex of the left ovary. The immunoreactivity is not significantly modified by oestradiol or anti-oestrogens. The mesonephros is devoid of immunoreactivity, whereas most cells of the metanephric mesenchyme are receptor-positive. In the Mullerian ducts progesterone receptor is not detected in control embryos of either sex until after day 10. Between days 6 and 7 Mullerian ducts become responsive to oestradiol, which induces progesterone receptor in luminal epithelial cells. In the spinal cord, receptor is detected in neurones of the ventral horn and the meninges, starting at day 6. The progesterone receptor is up-regulated by oestradiol in the mesenchymal cells, Mullerian ducts, and mesothelium, but not in the gonads or the spinal cord. In none of the tissues or organs where the receptor appears naturally during development could an anti-oestrogen treatment with Tamoxifen or RU39411 block or delay its constitutive appearance. The widespread and specific distribution of the progesterone receptor, its programmed appearance in various organs, and its precise hormonal regulation, are in favour of a morphogenetic role of progesterone in tissue differentiation, related or not to sexual differentiation of the urogenital tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196842
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and retinal distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in the retina of developingXenopus laevis (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 184 (1991), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Amacrine cells ; Development ; Retinal growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of neurons immunoreactive to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH-IR) in the retina ofXenopus laevis was investigated from stage 53 tadpoles to adult, by using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase. At all developmental stages, most of the immunoreactive somata were located in the inner nuclear layer, and a few in the ganglion cell layer. Immunoreactive processes arborised in the scleral and vitreal sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer, indicating that these cells were bistratified amacrine cells. However, occasionally a few immunoreactive processes were observed projecting to the outer plexiform layer, suggesting the presence of THIR interplexiform cells. The number of immunoreactive amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer per retina increased from 204 at stage 53 tadpole to 735 in adult, while the number of immunoreactive amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer did not change significantly over the same period. Retinal area increased from 1.95 mm2 at stage 53 to 23.40 mm2 in the adult, and correspondingly cell density in the inner nuclear layer decreased from 104/mm2 to 31/mm2. At all stages there was an increasing density towards the ciliary margin, but this gradient decreased with age. The soma size of immunoreactive amacrine cells increased with age, and was consistently larger in the central than in the peripheral retina. Dendritic field size was estimated to increase 13-fold, from stage 53 to adult. This study shows that tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive amacrine cells are generated continuously throughout life, that after metamorphosis the retina grows more by stretching than by cell generation at the ciliary margin, and that the increase of dendritic field size is proportional to the increase in retinal surface area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01744259
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between Ki-67 labeling and mitotic index in gliomas and meningiomas: demonstration of the variability of the intermitotic cycle time (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Brain tumors ; Proliferation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The monoclonal antibody (mAb) Ki-67 is a marker for the growth fraction (GF) of tumor cells. The exact relationship between the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and the conventional diagnostic criterion of the proliferative activity of brain tumors, the mitotic index (MI), is unknown except for some general references. On serial frozen sections Ki-67 LI and MI were determined in nearly identical areas of 32 glioblastomas, 20 grade III astrocytomas, 21 grade II astrocytomas and 20 selected cases of meningioma. The data not only clearly showed different median values of LI and MI for the various malignancy grades, but also similar regression coefficients for each glioma type. A non-linear relationship between the two indices was found for all glioma cases with high significance and high correlation coefficient; (LI)=5.6 (MI)0.59. This results from differing intermitotic cycle times, the variability of which can be estimated from the data given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296550
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  • 51
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    Membranous lipodystrophy (Nasu-Hakola disease) with thalamic degeneration: report of an autopsied case (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 414-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Membranous lipodystrophy ; Thalamic degeneration ; Neuropathology ; Autopsy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An autopsied case of membranous lipodystrophy (Nasu-Hakola disease, NHD) with thalamic degeneration was reported. A 34-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed as having NHD by bone biopsy prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. His maternal grandfather and paternal grandmother are cousins, but this family history is negative for NHD. He developed frontal lobe syndrome at the age of 35 with progressive dementia, and died of acute renal failure at the age of 46. Gross inspection of the brain detected atrophy and softening of the cerebral white matter, predominantly in the frontal lobe. Microscopically, numerous spheroids, predominant fibrillary gliosis with less prominent demyelination “dissociation glio-myélinique” and scanty sudanophilic lipid droplets were observed, indicating the sclerosing type of NHD. An unusual pathological finding in this case was selective involvement of the thalamic nuclei with preservation of the other gray matter except for focal cortical necrosis. The topography of the affected thalamic nuclei is similar to that of systemic thalamus degeneration. An association with thalamic degeneration in NHD has not been previously reported. The present case suggests that NHD also affects the thalamus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296554
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal injury and expression of 72-kDa heat-shock protein after forebrain ischemia in the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1991), S. 66-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: 72-kDa heat-shock protein ; Neuronal necrosis ; Forebrain ischemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We evaluated the relationship between the induction of the 72-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp 72) and the presence of necrotic neurons in the rat hippocampus, 48 h after an 8-min episode of forebrain ischemia in eight rates. Hsp 72 was detected using the monoclonal antibody C92 on vibratome brain tissue sections. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining on adjacent paraffinembedded sections was used to determine histopathological features. All morphologically intact CA1/2 neurons, 70% of which are destined to become necrotic 7 days after ischemia, exhibited intense hsp 72 staining, while necrotic or damaged neurons were devoid or low in hsp 72. Hsp 72 was also detected in CA3 neurons destined to survive 7 days after ischemia. Blood vessels positive for hsp 72 were detected in focal brain regions, in which severely damaged neurons were either devoid or low in hsp 72 staining. Occasional glial cells expressed hsp 72 in both normal and damaged brain regions. Hsp 72 response to a transient forebrain ischemia seemingly reflects differences in the selective ischemic vulnerability of CA1/2 and CA3 neurons. Further, the presence of hsp 72 within a neuron is likely only a marker of stress and is not necessarily indicative of eventual neuronal survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294432
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  • 53
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    Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in brain tumors: A comparative study (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 675-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ; Ki-67 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nervous system tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36-kDa DNA polymerase-σ auxiliary protein which accumulates in the nucleus during S phase of the cell cycle. Immunohistochemical labeling indices (LI) of PCNA and Ki-67 were compared using an avidin-biotin complex method on frozen sections of 27 nervous system tumors, 3 normal cerebral cortices, and 3 peripheral nerves. In glial tumors, PCNA and Ki-67 LI increased with increasing tumor grade (Daumas-Duport system). In 5 low-grade glial tumors, PCNA and Ki-67 LI were ≤1%, except for one optic nerve glioma (Ki-67 LI=6%). In 7 grade 3 astrocytomas, and 1 mixed glioma, PCNA LI were ≤1–1.5%, while Ki-67 LI were 2%–10%. In 7 grade 4 astrocytomas and 1 metastatic carcinoma, PCNA LI ranged from 6%–15% while Ki-67 LI ranged from 17%–30%. In 5 of 6 schwannomas, focally high PCNA LI (4%–65%) were noted, despite low LI with Ki-67 (≤1.6%). Scattered normal schwann cell nuclei also stained with PCNA, but normal cerebral cortex did not. These data suggest that: (1) in higher-grade gliomas, PCNA may be a more specific S-phase marker, although a less sensitive proliferation marker, than Ki-67; (2) PCNA LI do not distinguish low-grade gliomas from grade 3 astrocytomas; (3) in schwannomas, PCNA may not reflect proliferative activity since it seems to react with an epitope present in normal schwann cells; and (4) the variable PCNA staining pattern introduces greater difficulties in cell counting than with Ki-67. These factors may limit the use of this anti-PCNA antibody in evaluating nervous system tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296379
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    Electronic Resource
    Regional differences in the distribution of nerve fibers showing substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat larynx (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 183 (1991), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat larynx ; Substance P ; Calcitonin generelated peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vagotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of substance P (SP) — and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) — containing nerve fibers in the rat larynx was studied using immunohistochemistry. Double-labeling studies revealed a high degree of co-existence of SP- and CGRP-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the nerve fibers in the larynx. There was a considerable regional difference in the number of immunoreactive nerve fibers in the epithelium and lamina propria. Richly supplied sites were the laryngeal side of the epiglottis and the ventral recess, whilst there was no evidence of nerve fibers in the squamous epithelium of the vocal cords. However, where the squamous epithelium of the vocal cords changed into a cuboidal epithelium, a moderate number of nerve fibers was present, and a large number of fibers was seen where the squamous epithelium of the cords was in close contact with cartilage. Nerve fibers showing SP- and CGRP-LI were also observed close to the acini and ducts of the glands, in the blood vessel walls, close to the perichondrium of all the cartilages, and outside the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints. CGRP-LI was detected in epithelial cells facing the lumen of the airway and in cells in the acini and ducts of glands in the subglottic region and trachea. Unilateral sympathectomy did not affect the pattern of SP- and CGRP-innervation in the larynx, whereas after vagotomy, the SP- and CGRP-innervation almost disappeared ipsilaterally in the upper parts of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185834
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities in premigratory granule cells in the weaver cerebellum defined by monoclonal antibody OZ42 (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 183 (1991), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Mouse ; Neurological mutant ; Development ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoreactivity in OZ42, a neural cell specific antibody that recognizes premigratory cerebellar granule cells, was examined in early postnatal wild-type and weaver mouse cerebella. We find that the OZ42-positive staining in the external granular layer (EGL) is first seen at postnatal day 1 in the most posterior and ventral aspect of midline cerebellum in the wild-type and heterozygous weaver mouse. By postnatal day 4 strong immunoreactivity is observed in the EGL of all cerebellar lobules. This staining is localized to a band of immunoreactive cells present at the interface of the EGL and the molecular layer (ML). In the homozygous weaver cerebellum, OZ42-positive staining is not seen until post-natal day 3. In the postnatal day 4 weaver cerebellum, immunoreactivity is considerably ligther than in littermate control cerebella, and found throughout the width of the EGL (i.e., not localized to the EGL-ML interface). This study demonstrates that the expression of a specific marker of granule cell development is abnormal in the granule cell population of the homozygous weaver mouse, a population of cells known to be intrinsically affected by the action of this mutant gene. In the light of previous studies, which have shown that the weaver phenotype is identifiable as early as the day of birth, and that the OZ42-antigen may be involved with the development process of axonal growth, it is reasonable to suggest that the weaver mutation results in an abnormality in the ability of granule cells to produce and/or stabilize axons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192209
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in human tooth germ and mature dental pulp (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 183 (1991), S. 515-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Endothelin ; Human ; Tooth pulp ; Tooth germ ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution in oral tissues of endothelin, a multifunctional peptide originally identified within endothelial cells, and subsequently in some epithelial cells, neurons and neuroendocrine cells, has not been investigated yet. We have studied the localization of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in human tooth germ and mature dental pulp by immunohistochemical techniques. Such immunoreactivity was detected only within endothelial cells in both mature dental pulp and developing tooth. Arteries and veins of various sizes as well as small thin vessels displayed endothelin-like immunoreactivity. In the tooth germ, the cells of the enamel organ or the precursors of the odontoblasts were found unreactive. In the mature pulp, no cells of the stroma or nerves displayed endothelin-like immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that vascular endothelium may be the only source of endothelin in human dental tissues. It is tentatively proposed that endothelin released in mature tooth pulp may participate in the regulation of the pulpal blood flow. Although the possible role of endothelin in developing tissues is far from being clear, the mitogenic effects and the proto-oncogenes expression induced by endothelin in some cells raise the possibility that this peptide might also play a role during tooth development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186440
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunochemistry of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat neurinomas, the RN6 neurinoma cell line and their transplantation tumors (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 78-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ethylnitrosourea-induced neurinomas ; RN6 neurinoma cell line ; Transplantation tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intermediate filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, S-100 protein (S-100), HNK-1, myelin basic protein (MBP) and fibronectin was investigated immunohistochemically in 51 ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced neurinomas of the rat. Additionally, 90 transplantation tumors derived from ENU-induced neurinomas and the RN6 rat neurinoma cell clone were studied. Vimentin immunoreactivity was shown in 50/51 primary neurinomas and 60/90 transplantation tumors. In contrast, GFAP was expressed in only 23/51 primary tumors and in 5/90 transplantation tumors. In the RN6 neurinoma clone, vimentin and GFAP could be demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro GFAP expression varied depending on the tumor localization, i.e., tumors of distal portions of peripheral nerves were more frequently GFAP positive than tumors of the spinal roots or of cranial nerves. The same tendency was observed for S-100. In the series of transplantation tumors S-100 and GFAP immunoreactivity decreased with increasing numbers of transplantation passages. Only individual cells in 5 primary tumors were HNK-1 positive and no MBP-immunorcactive cells were observed. Our results demonstrate that the expression of differentiation antigens in ENU-induced experimental neurinomas parallels the results reported for human neurinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310927
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    Electronic Resource
    Granular cell brain tumors of the laboratory rat: an immunohistochemical approach (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 112-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rat brain tumors ; Granular cell tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Astrocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied paraffin-embedded specimens of 17 rat granular cell brain tumors (GCBT) from four long-term drug safety carcinogenicity studies by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemistry with either polyvalent or monoclonal antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein (S-100), Leu-7 epitopes, vimentin (VIM), keratin, desmin, and myelin basic protein. We have found that 9 of the 17 GCBT contained GFAP-positive, S-100-positive, and VIM-positive astrocytes, while GFAP-positive and VIM-positive granular cells were observed in 5 of these 9 tumors. Our findings indicate that astroglial cells are involved in rat GCBT and suggest that an astrocytic origin should be considered for these neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293953
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    Electronic Resource
    Temporal profile of serum albumin extravasation following cerebral ischemia in a newly established reproducible gerbil model for vasogenic brain edema: a combined immunohistochemical and dye tracer analysis (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 164-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gerbil ; Cerebral ischemia ; Vasogenic brain edema ; Immunohistochemistry ; Albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the temporal profile of the extravasation of serum albumin in a reproducible gerbil model of unilateral cerebral ischemia, using immunohistochemical and dye-tracer techniques to evaluate albumin accumulation and the occurrence of active extravasation, respectively. After 30 min of cerebral ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, immunostaining for albumin became visible in the lateral part of the thalamus during the first 3 h, and then expanded to other brain regions up to 24 h. At both 24 h and 3 days after reperfusion, massive extravasation of albumin was noted in the whole ischemic hemisphere, and this had decreased again by 7 days after reperfusion. The extent and the degree of albumin immunopositivity were almost the same in all animals examined at each period after reperfusion. The extravasation of Evans blue, which was allowed to circulate for 30 min before death, was limited to the lateral part of the thalamus during the first 6 h of reperfusion. In the circumscribed area of massive albumin extravasation, many neurons were immunopositive for albumin; most of these neurons appeared to be intact and also showed immunostaining for microtubule-associated protein 2. The current investigation clearly demonstrated that (1) albumin extravasation was produced with reliable reproducibility in this model, (2) the lateral part of the thalamus was the region most vulnerable to ischemic blood-brain barrier damage, and (3) many apparently intact neurons in the ischemic region were positive for albumin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294441
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    Electronic Resource
    Infratentorial ependymomas of childhood (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 208-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Infratentorial ependymomas ; Childhood ; Immunohistochemistry ; AgNORs ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have examined pathological criteria in 16 cases of infratentorial ependymomas of childhood using a conventional histological approach, with immunohistochemistry and silver nucleolar organizer region staining (AgNORs). We have found that some of these criteria are of prognostic value. The following histological features were evaluated in each case: cellular density, cellular or nuclear pleiomorphism, mitosis, focal necrosis, endothelial proliferation and complete loss of differentiation. The expression of the following antigens was also studied: epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), human natural killer (HNK1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Only three histological criteria have been retained as indicative of bad prognosis, i.e., high mitotic index, a large amount of necrosis and complete loss of differentiation. These criteria distinguish ependymomas from anaplastic ependymomas. GFAP was expressed in all tumors while other antigens were more variable. In addition tumors expressing large amounts of GFAP were statistically associated with a better prognosis. Increased vimentin expression associated with a decrease of GFAP immunoreactivity correlated with anaplasia and short survival. EMA was not directly correlated with postoperative survival but may be considered as a further prognostic factor. Finally AgNORs values were not statistically correlated with postoperative survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294447
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity of cerebral amyloidosis is enhanced by protein denaturation treatments (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome ; Alzheimer's disease ; Kuru plaque ; Senile plaque
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated paraffin-embedded brain sections from three patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome and three patients with Alzheimer's disease or senile dementia of Alzheimer type using anti-human prion protein antisera and anti-β/A4 protein antisera after protein denaturation treatments. After incubation with guanidine-thiocyanate, trichloroacetate, and phenol, the immunoreactivity of kuru plaques and senile plaques was enhanced to the same level as the formic acid treatment. These treatments revealed small compact amyloid deposits, amyloid deposits surrounding the plaque cores, and diffuse plaques. Most of these chemicals changed the congophilia of both amyloids. It is possible that these treatments denature amyloid fibril proteins and break down the structure of amyloid fibrils, thus revealing buried epitopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308810
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical characterization of primitive neuroectodermal tumors and their possible relationship to the stepwise ontogenetic development of the central nervous system (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 508-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) ; Cellular differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Synaptophysin ; Chromogranin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-five selected intracranial tumors qualifying as primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) were investigated; these included medulloblastomas, cerebral neuroblastomas, pinealoblastomas, retinoblastomas, polar spongioblastomas, ependymoblastomas. For control purposes 11 tumors, including glioblastomas (small cell, spongioblastic variant), one anaplastic astrocytoma (astroblastic component), anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, gangliogliomas, one primary melanoblastoma, and one pineal germinoma, were also studied. Six neuronal markers, i.e., synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NFP) (160 kDa, 200 kDa, 70 and 200 kDa), and six other markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, vimentin, myoglobin, desmin, cytokeratin) were investigated immunohistochemically. A certain recapitulation of the ontogenetic development of neuronal differentiation in PNETs is given by the fact that chromogranin A immunoreactivity can regularly be seen already in poorly differentiated neurons and synaptophysin in well-differentiated ones. Immunostaining for NFPs showed different results depending on the subunit investigated. NSE reactions gave different results even within the single tumor groups. This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first attempt to evaluate and compare, by combined morphological and immunohistochemical methods, PNETs without and with different stages of cellular differentiation with the stepwise differentiation of the human embryonic neuroectoderm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293386
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    Electronic Resource
    The multidrug-resistance gene MDR1 is expressed in human glial tumors (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 516-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Multidrug resistance ; P-glycoprotein ; Glial tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; RNA analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The most consistantly reported alteration of multidrug-resistant carcinoma cells is the overexpression of a membrane glycoprotein, termed P-glycoprotein. In this study we examined whether the strong intrinsic chemotherapy resistance of glial tumors might be related to the expression of the MDR1 gene which codes for P-glycoprotein. Fourteen glial tumors were examined immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody C219. In addition, RNA samples of 11 of these tumors were analysed using a sensitive Northern blot assay. P-glycoprotein is expressed in all 14 glial tumors; the number of stained tumor cells, however, varied considerably ranging from 0.3% to 15%. There was no correlation between the number of MDR1-positive cells and the histological malignancy. Varying amounts of MDR1 mRNA were detectable in 7 from 11 examined tumors. The results of our study show that the MDR1 gene is expressed in human glial tumors and suggest that the multidrug transporter may contribute to the clinical non-responsiveness of these tumors to chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293387
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  • 64
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical characterization of primitive neuroectodermal tumors and their possible relationship to the stepwise ontogenetic development of the central nervous system (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 502-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Early human CNS development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Synaptophysin ; Chromogranin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aim of the present study was to establish different immunohistochemical staining patterns for a subsequent comparison with those of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) subsets, i.e. PNET-NOS (not otherwise specified) or PNET with focal neuronal, astrocytic or ependymal differentiation, to relate neoplastic to embryonal development. Tissue of the developing central nervous system, with special emphasis on the stepwise development of the rhombencephalon, the cerebellar and the retinal anlage, from 20 different human embryos and fetuses ranging from 3 to 30 weeks of gestational age (GA) was examined. Six neuronal markers, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NFP; 160 kDa, 200 kDa, 70 and 200 kDa) and six other markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, vimentin, myoglobin, desmin, cytokeratin, were assessed immunohistochemically. GFAP and S-100 protein appeared at the 6th week of GA in primitive glial cells of the cerebellar anlage, brain stem, rhombencephalon, and developing spinal cord, together with-as first neuronal marker-chromogranin A, then NFP (70 and 200 kDa, and 160 kDa) from the 8th week onward. NSE started in the 11th week and synaptophysin not earlier than the 16th week of GA. Interestingly, the differentiation of the retinal anlage started rather late with NSE positivity beginning from the 16th week and positive reactions to synaptophysin and NFPs only from the 25th and chromogranin A from the 28th week of GA onward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293385
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    Electronic Resource
    Increased senile plaques without microglia in Alzheimer's disease (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 242-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Senile plaque ; Microglia ; β Protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To clarify the association of microglia with senile plaques, the brains from 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 23 nondemented aged controls were investigated immunohistochemically by a double-labeling method using anti-β-protein antiserum and anti-ferritin antibody, which is a recently reported microglia marker. In addition, a quantitative analysis was performed. The senile plaques which appeared initially in the nondemented aged controls consisted of a diffuse type without any amyloid cores and these were found in the group aged 50–59 years. The great majority of them were found to contain no ferritin-positive microglia. The number and proportion (percentage) of microglia-containing diffuse plaques increased with age. Classical and compact plaques began to appear in the brains of the group aged 70 years and over, and practically all of them contained microglia. These results suggest that microglia are not associated with initial plaque formation, but correlate with amyloid core formation. In AD, the most prominent feature was that the diffuse plaques, which contained either no or only a few ferritin-positive microglia, increased markedly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305864
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of leukotriene C4 in experimental cerebral vasospasm (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leukotriene C4 ; Basilar artery ; Neutrophils ; Macrophages ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental cerebral vasospasm was produced in a “two-hemorrhage” canine model and examined by immunohistochemistry for leukotriene C4 (LTC4). The immunostain for LTC4 showed a strong positivity in intima and adventitia and a scattered reaction in media of normal basilar artery. The immunoreactivity after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was little changed in intima and media. Inflammatory cells which were characterized histochemically as neutrophils and macrophages, were shown to infiltrate from the adventitia of basilar artery to the periphery of blood clot after SAH and were markedly immunoreactive for LTC4. Also the neutrophils increased in number with the lapse of time after SAH. Thus, it would be reasonable to conclude that the LTC4 responsible for the development of vasospasm would most likely be produced from the infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages. In addition, neurons in hypothalamus, median eminence, and pons, as well as ependymal and arachnoid cells were immunoreactive for LTC4 both in the control and after SAH, whereas astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were not immunoreactive for LTC4 in either case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293461
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    Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of α and β subunits of S-100 protein in brain tumors (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 657-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain tumor ; S-100 protein ; Subunit ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistochemical distribution of α and β subunits of S-100 protein (S-100α, S-100β, respectively) in 138 cases of human brain tumors was investigated by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Brain tumors can be divided into four groups: group 1 [S-100α (+) and/or S-100β (+)]; astrocytoma, glioblastoma, ependymoma, subependymoma, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, gangliocytoma, meningioma, chordoma, malignant melanoma. Group 2 [S-100α (+) and S-100β (-)]; pineoblastoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, rhabdomyosarcoma. Group 3 [S-100α (-) and S-100β (+)]; acoustic Schwannoma. Group 4 [S-100α (-) and S-100β (-)]; medulloblastoma, malignant lymphoma, germinoma. The S-100β immunoreactivity pattern in brain tumors was similar to those obtained using conventional anti-S-100 protein sera. In the first group of brain tumors both the number of positively stained tumor cells and the staining intensity were generally greater for S-100β than for S-100α with a few exceptions including one gemistocytic astrocytoma, one subependymoma, one malignant melanoma, and some cases of glioblastomas. As to the relationship between malignancy and S-100 protein in glioma, S-100β immunoreactivity decreased according to degree of malignancy, while that of S-100α varied, suggesting a heterogeneity of tumor cells in glioblastomas. Immunostaining for S-100α and S-100β might become a useful diagnostic procedure in brain tumors and may give us more detailed and precise data of S-100 protein in brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296376
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    Altered cutaneous innervation in psoriatic skin as revealed by PGP 9.5 immunohistochemistry (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 519-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Psoriasis ; Epidermis ; Dermis ; Nerve fibres ; PGP 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is conflicting evidence in the literature as to whether cutaneous nerves are altered in psoriasis or not. In this study, antibodies to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 were used to visualize cutaneous nerves in biopsies from involved and uninvolved skin of nine patients with psoriasis and from normal skin of eight healthy controls. A profound reduction in the epidermal nerve fibre density was observed in the involved psoriatic skin. These intraepidermal nerve fibres were also mostly short and found in the basal layer. Only a few nerve fibres were found in the suprabasal layer and they were non-varicose, long fibres going straight up without branching. In the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients, the distribution and number of the intraepidermal nerve fibres was similar to that observed in normal skin. In the dermis, the distribution and the number of the nerve fibres showed no differences between involved psoriatic skin, uninvolved psoriatic skin, and normal skin. The results support previous studies in which alterations of cutaneous nerves in psoriasis have been described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371926
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    Langerhans cells can express neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 10-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Neuron-specific enolase ; Langerhans cells ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207243
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    GABAergic interneurons and neuropil of the intralaminar thalamus: an immunohistochemical study in the rat and the cat, with notes in the monkey (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 87 (1991), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Intralaminar nuclei ; GABA ; Inhibition ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was used to investigate the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus in rat, cat and monkey. Antibodies to gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) were also used in the cat. Intralaminar immunoreactive cell bodies were not detected in the rat, but were clearly present in cat and monkey. In the latter species, GABA- or GAD-immunopositive perikarya were distributed throughout the anterior intralaminar nuclei, whereas in the posterior intralaminar complex they prevailed in the lateral part of the centre median nucleus and around the fasciculus retrofiexus. Measurements of the area of immunostained intralaminar cell bodies in cat and monkey indicated that they are represented by small neurons. Experiments in the cat, based on retrograde tracers injections involving large sectors of the frontal and parietal cortices and the head of the caudate nucleus, revealed that the GABA- or GAD-immunoreactive cells and the retrogradely labeled projection neurons represented two separate intralaminar cell populations, although the latter also included small cells. Considerable differences were observed in the immunoreactive GABAergic neuropil of the anterior and posterior intralaminar nuclei. Clusters of densely packed bouton-like immunoreactive elements were detected in the former structures in the rat, cat and monkey, and were especially evident in the central lateral nucleus; immunopositive varicose fibers and puncta were diffusely distributed in the posterior intralaminar structures. Taken together with data from the literature, the present findings indicate that in cat and monkey local circuit inhibitory cells regulate not only the activity of principal thalamic nuclei which project densely upon restricted cortical fields, but also of the intralaminar structures which are widely connected with the cerebral cortex and the striatum. Regional variations in the distribution of GABAergic fibers and terminals suggest major differences in the organization of inhibitory circuits and synaptic arrangements of the anterior and posterior intralaminar thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228509
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  • 71
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    Descending input from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 85 (1991), S. 10-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ; PHA-L ; Spinal projection ; Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Dendritic organization ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The descending projection of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the upper thoracic cord of the rat was studied. PVN-fibers were labeled by anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), while SPNs were retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) which was injected into the superior cervical ganglion. SPNs labeled with CTb were mainly observed in the nucleus intermediolateralis (IML) pars principalis and pars funicularis, and a small number of them were in the nucleus intercalatus (IC) and central autonomic nucleus (CA). SPNs found in the IML had dendrites that projected in various directions. Five types of dendritic projections were noted: medial, rostral, caudal, lateral (including dorsolateral) and ventral. Longitudinal dendritic bundles interconnected each cell cluster in the IML. Medial dendrites of the IML, together with dendrites of the IC and CA, formed transverse dendritic bundles extending from the IML to the central canal. The transverse dendritic bundles disentangled near the midline and formed a loose dendritic plexus in the region just dorsal to the central canal. PVN-fibers labeled with PHA-L were observed primarily in lamina I and intermediate gray (lamina VII). Although varicose PVN-fibers and SPNs coexisted in the IML, the tight packing of the dendritic bundles prevented any clear demonstration of direct contacts between them. On the other hand, PVN-fibers were occasionally found to appose and wind around the primary or secondary dendrites of some SPNs of the CA and IC. These dendrites were studded with varicosities of PVN-fibers for a short length, and terminal boutons of PVN-fibers were also seen to make contact directly with the dendrites. The results of this study substantiated a direct connection between the PVN and SPNs, using a combination of immunohistochemical techniques for PHA-L and CTb. The possible involvement of a direct pathway from the PVN to SPNs in cardiovascular regulation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229982
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  • 72
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    Ectopic granule cell layer in mouse cerebellum after methyl-azoxy-methanol (MAM) treatment (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 90-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous results from our laboratory (Bejar et al. 1985) indicated that a single injection in mouse pups of the antimitotic/mutagenic agent methylazoxymethanol at postnatal day 5 typically produces hypogranular cerebella with no changes in foliation, in contrast to the severe alterations observed after the more usual injection on the day of birth. Here we report that injection of a higher dose (30 mg/kg) of methylazoxymethanol, always at postnatal day 5, leads to the additional presence of a ectopic cell layer in adult cerebellum. Immunostaining with several antibodies recognizing cell specific proteins ruled out the possibility that these ectopic cells were glial and electron microscopy indicated that they were morphologically mature granule cells. In the molecular layer of other cerebellar areas and apparently unrelated with granule cell ectopia, ectopic Golgi epithelial cells were observed. The reason for the presence of these ectopic cells of different type in the molecular layer was discussed in relation with analogous ectopias obtained by other means.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231043
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  • 73
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    Coincidence of “ladder-like patterns” in distributions of monoaminergic terminals and sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat spinal cord (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Monoaminergic terminals ; Dendritic organization ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A ladder-like pattern of distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) was compared with that of monoaminergic terminals in the upper thoracic spinal cord of the rat. SPNs were identified by a retrograde labeling with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) injected into the superior cervical ganglia of both sides. Monoaminergic terminals were stained immunohistochemically by using antisera raised against 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) or dopamine- β -hydroxylase (DBH). SPNs showing full dendritic arbors were found in all of the sympathetic preganglionic nuclei. They formed a ladder in the horizontal plane. The nucleus intermediolateralis was connected with the central autonomic nucleus by many transverse dendritic bundles. Photomontages of serial sections of material stained alternatively with antisera against CTb and 5-HT or DBH clearly showed a close correlation between SPNs and monoaminergic terminals. There is no transverse dendritic bundle of SPNs without the accompaniment of monoaminergic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231058
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  • 74
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    Immunohistochemical study of temporal variations in cytochrome P-450 isozymes in rat testis and their modifications by the inductive effects of cadinenes (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 234-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Temporal variation ; Cytochrome P-450 isozyme ; Testis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cadinenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Temporal variations in cytochrome P-450 isozymes of rat testis, PB-P-450 (forms of cytochrome P-450 strongly induced by phenobarbital) and MC-P-448 (forms of cytochrome P-450 strongly induced by 3-methylcholanthrene), were investigated immunohistochemically by the avidin-biotin-complex method using specific antibodies against PB-P-450 and MC-P-448 isozymes. Immunoreactivity to both PB-P-450 and MC-P-448 isozymes was observed in Leydig cells. The number of PB-P-450 positive Leydig cells was found to undergo significant time-of-day variation with a peak time of 0000 hours (light phase from 0800 to 2000 hours). Injection of cadinenes (300 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally at 48 and 96 h before sacrifice) induced PB-P-450 isozyme but did not induce MC-P-448 isozyme. The induction of PB-P-450 isozyme by cadinenes was time dependent, and the early dark phase (2000 and 0000 hours) was most sensitive. These results suggest that temporal variation of cytochrome P-450 isozymes is one of the important physiological variations in detoxification and activation of various xenobiotics and chemicals in the testis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047291
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  • 75
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    Immunohistochemical differentiation between ovarian granulosa cell tumors and ovarian carcinomas (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 249 (1991), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Granulosa cell tumors ; Ovarian carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Differential diagnosis is a major problem in histopathology of ovarian tumors. Difficulties may arise if the tumor is a poorly differentiated carcinoma or a granulosa cell tumor of the sarcomatoid type. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in differentiating between granulosa cell tumors of the ovary and ovarian carcinomas. We investigated 56 ovarian malignancies (13 granulosa cell tumors, 17 serous, 14 mucinous and 12 poorly differentiated carcinomas) and performed immunohistochemical detection of Vimentin, Keratin, CA125, CA19-9, CEA, S100 and Ber-EP4. Expression of Vimentin was highest and expression of Keratin was lowest in granulosa cell tumors in contrast to carcinomas. CA125 and CA19-9 were not expressed in granulosa cell tumors, whereas the detection rate in carcinomas (except for CA125 in mucinous carcinomas) was high. CEA, S100 and Ber-EP4 do not seem to be useful markers in differential diagnosis. A marker profile of Vimentin, Keratin, CA125 and CA19-9 allows a quite strict differentiation between poorly differentiated ovarian carcinomas and granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390384
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  • 76
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    A brief review of modern toxicologic pathology in regulatory and explanatory toxicity studies of chemicals (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 65 (1991), S. 445-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Toxicopathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell cycle analysis ; In situ hybridization ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Macroscopic and histologic evaluation of animal studies for general toxicity and carcinogenicity are cornerstones of the risk assessment of new chemical entities. Standard toxicopathologic evaluation is mainly based on the study of paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. There are, however, a number of new approaches and techniques which have improved the objectivity of evaluation and the accuracy of cell identification, and provided deeper insight into the molecular biological mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Such approaches include the standardization of the nomenclature, the creation of data banks for morphological alterations, the use of computers to register pathological findings in toxicity studies and to statistically evaluate incidences, and the use of morphometry. Other modern techniques are immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and the assessment of cell kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977356
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  • 77
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    Histological and immunohistochemical findings of prostatic carcinoma after external or interstitial radiotherapy (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 117 (1991), S. 608-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Prostatic cancer ; Radiotherapy ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a retrospective study, the extent of reactions of different types of prostatic carcinomas to external or interstitial radiotherapy was compared with reactions to hormonal therapy. It is shown that prostatic carcinomas of different grades of differentiation can be divided into two main subgroups with distinctly different survival rates; i.e., prostatic carcinomas grades of malignancy Ib/ IIa and grades IIb/III. Within an observation time of 10 years, the prostatic carcinoma grade of malignancy Ib/ IIa shows a good response to external and interstitial radiotherapy. None of the patients died of the prostatic carcinoma. In the more poorly differentiated prostatic carcinomas, 2 out of 11 patients with external radiotherapy died of the carcinoma. The death rates from disease after hormonal therapy were higher, and the survival times were very short without therapy. Regressive changes are much more distinctly expressed in the better-differentiated carcinoma group. Differential diagnostic difficulties between regressive changes in carcinomatous glands and normal glands could be resolved by immunohistochemical proof of high-molecular-mass cytokeratin in basal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01613297
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  • 78
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    Malignant choroid plexus papilloma of the IV ventricle (1991)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 7 (1991), S. 109-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Malignant choroid plexus papilloma ; IV Ventricle ; Cerebellopontine angle extension ; Fibrous encapsulation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Epithelial membrane antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of malignant choroid plexus papilloma (MCPP) of the IV ventricle in a child with prominent extraventricular expansive growth, mostly into the cerebellopontine angle. Interestingly enough, the tumor was entirely covered by thin, smooth, membranous, fibrous tissue, probably derived from the pia mater. In addition, hydrocephalus was not observed. The reason for the lack of hydrocephalus remains speculative, but it is possible that the presence of pure, nonexpansive, fibrous covering on the tumor might have suppressed the tumor growth to some extent, resulting in progressively increased intratumoral pressure. This, in turn, caused the suppression of excessive cerebrospinal fluid production by the tumor cells. From the diagnostic standpoint, immunohistochemical studies, using antiepithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and antitissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), were demonstrated to be useful for diagnosing the tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247868
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Choroid plexus tumors in childhood (1991)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 7 (1991), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Choroid plexus tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Choroid plexus tumors are rare and account for only 2.3% (8/352) of primary childhood intracranial neoplasms in our series. Most of our patients were under 2 years of age. The tumors had a predilection for the lateral ventricle. Calcification was found in half of these tumors, and ossification was seen in 1 case. Histological features of malignancy including invasion, loss of differentiation, and severe nuclear pleomorphism pointed to a poor prognosis. Such features were found in 2 cases. Neither a large number of mitoses nor necrosis was a constant feature in cases of malignancy. Transthyretin, a marker for choroid plexus tumors, was positive in all cases. However, negative S-100 or positive carcinoembryonic antigen was not necessarily associated with a more aggressive histological pattern. All the papillomas could be totally resected without recurrence, and all the patients with carcinoma died within a few months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263185
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  • 80
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    Distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the human brain (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 320-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Parvalbumin ; Calcium-binding protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular distribution of parvalbumin-like immunoreactivity (PA-LI) in the human brain was investigated by peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods using antiserum to rat skeletal muscle parvalbumin. PA-LI was present in non-pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortices, stellate cells, basket cells and Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortices, and neurons of some nuclei in human brain stem; the distribution of PA-LI in human brain was very similar to that in rat brain. These results indicate that PA-LI is widely distributed in a specific subpopulation of neurons of the human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315329
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  • 81
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    Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the cortex in Pick's disease (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 200-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Parvalbumin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cerebral cortex ; Pick's disease ; Alzheimer-type dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Parvalbumin (a calcium-binding protein)-immunoreactive (PV-Ir) neurons in the cerebral cortex were examined in 20 postmortem brains obtained from elderly controls and patients with Pick's disease (PD). The type of PV-Ir neurons and their distribution in control and PD brains were similar. The number of PV-Ir neurons in PD brains did not differ significantly from that in the control brains either. These findings suggested that PV-Ir neurons in the cortex are not affected in PD brains. A significant loss of PV-Ir neurons has already been reported in brains obtained from patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD), and the present results suggest the possibility that the damage of PV-Ir neurons might be comparatively selective for ATD brains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314780
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  • 82
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    Dystrophin immunohistochemistry in a symptomatic carrier of becker muscular dystrophy (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 375-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Becker muscular dystrophy ; Dystrophin ; Manifesting carrier ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of dystrophin was studied in a symptomatic carrier of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Muscle biopsy specimens from a female carrier showed findings compatible with slowly progressive muscular dystrophy by ordinary histochemical examinations. Immunohistochemical study, using an antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide fragment of dystrophin, demonstrated a mixture of staining patterns, including continuous but faint positive fibres, partially disrupted fibres and negative fibres. These findings were identical to those of patients with BMD and appear to differ from previous findings in female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This report is the first immunohistochemical study of a symptomatic female proven by molecular genetic analysis to be a carrier of BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319855
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  • 83
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    Phylogenetic study of serotonin-immunoreactive structures in the pancreas of various vertebrates (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Pancreas ; Phylogenic study ; Immunohistochemistry ; Teleosts ; Chicken ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution pattern of serotonin (5HT) in the pancreas was studied immunohistochemically by using a 5HT monoclonal antibody in various vertebrates including the eel, bullfrog, South African clawed toad, turtle, chicken, mouse, rat, guinea-pig, cat, dog and human. In all species examined, except the bullfrog, 5HT-like immunoreactivity was observed in nerve fibers, in endocrine cells, or in both. Positive nerve fibers were found in the eel, turtle, mouse, rat and guinea-pig. These fibers ran mainly along the blood vessels and partly through the gap between the exocrine glands. In the eel and guinea-pig, positive fibers invaded the pancreatic islet. Occasionally, these positive fibers were found adjacent to the surface of both exocrine and endocrine cells, suggesting a regulatory role of 5HT in pancreatic function. 5HT-positive endocrine cells were observed in the pancreas of all species except for the bullfrog and rat. In the eel and in mammals such as the mouse, guinea-pig, cat, dog and human, 5HT-positive cells were mainly observed within the pancreatic islet. In the South African clawed toad, turtle and chicken, the positive cells were mainly in the exocrine region. The present study indicates that the distribution patterns of 5HT in the pancreas varies considerably among different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318765
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  • 84
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    Pentosome — a new connective tissue component —is a subunit of amyloid P (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Connective tissue ; EHS tumor ; Basement membrane ; Amyloid P component ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57BL/6)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new minute connective tissue structure, referred to as “pentosome”, has been investigated by electron microscopy and its nature has been examined by immunoperoxidase tests. Pentosomes are 3.5-nm wide, particulate structures that have been observed in the posterior chamber of the eye, the connective tissue spaces of the mouse foot-pad and the matrix of the mouse EHS tumor. They are usually found in the vicinity of microfibrils whether they are free or associated with elastic fibers. They tend to be organized into groups forming a three-dimensional semi-crystalline lattice at 10-nm intervals, but are connected by fine filaments. At high magnification, pentosomes appear as hollow structures composed of two parallel pentagons, which respectively measure 2.7 and 3.5 nm, and are held together by a cross-bar. A series of immunoperoxidase tests has only shown antigenicity against a serum protein, the amyloid P component. However, pentosomes are only about one-third the size of the 8.5-nm wide, disk-like segments of the amyloid P molecule. Since they could be subunits of these molecules, such subunits were prepared and compared with pentosomes; they appeared to be identical. It is concluded that the pentosomes found in connective tissue are AP subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327277
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  • 85
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    Action and immunoreactivity of neuropeptides in the buccal neuromuscular system of a prosobranch mollusc, Rapana thomasiana (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Catch-relaxing peptide (CARP) ; Radula muscle ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rapana thomasiana (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a prosobranch mollusc, Rapana thomasiana, the catch-relaxing peptide H-Ala-Met-Pro-Met-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2 (CARP) was found to depress the contraction of the radula protractor and retractor elicited by electrical stimulations. The action of CARP was in contrast to that of other neuropeptides, H-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) and H-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FLRFamide), which enhanced the contraction of the radula protractor and retractor, respectively. By immunohistochemical examinations, FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons were found on the rostral side of the right buccal ganglion and the caudal side of the left ganglion, where some CARP-like immunoreactive neurons were also distributed, indicating a possible coexistence of FMRFamide and CARP. FMRFamide- and CARP-like immunoreactivities were also detected in the neuropile of buccal ganglia, radula nerves arising from the ganglia, and nerve fibers in the radula muscles. The present results suggest that FMRFamide- and CARP-like peptides are involved in the regulation of the contraction of the radula muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305722
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  • 86
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    Distribution of calbindinlike immunoreactive structures in the optic tectum of normal and eye-enucleated cyprinid fish (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 265 (1991), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calbindin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Teleosts ; Visual system ; Entreleation ; Cyprinus carpio ; Tinca tinca (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the ABC immunohistochemical method, we investigated the distribution of calbindinlike immunoreactive structures in the optic tectum of normal fish, Tinca tinca, and from normal and unilaterally eye-enucleated fish, Cyprinus carpio. In nonoperated individuals of both species the optic tectum contained numerous immunoreactive neurons with strongly positive somata located in the stratum periventriculare and a thick immunolabeled dendritic shaft ascending radially toward the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale. The retinorecipient layers contained many fibrous immunoreactive structures. Some varicose fibers, isolated or in small bundles, were localized to the stratum album centrale, especially in the dorsal tectal half. Unilateral eye removal produced the disappearance of the immunoreactive fibrous structures located in the retinorecipient layers of the tectum contralateral to the enucleation. The present work shows that calbindinlike immunoreactive substances are localized in specific neural circuits of the fish optic tectum and suggests that the calbindin-like immunoreactive fibers in the retinorecipient strata are of retinal origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340874
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  • 87
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    Expression of carbohydrate epitopes L2/HNK-1 and L3 in the larva and imago of Drosophila melanogaster and Calliphora vicina (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 265 (1991), S. 589-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope ; L3 carbohydrate epitope ; Immunohistochemistry ; Extracellular matrix ; Calliphora vicina (Insecta) ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The carbohydrate epitopes L2/HNK-1 and L3 belong to two overlapping families of adhesion molecules in the vertebrate, and probably the invertebrate nervous systems. To investigate their pattern of expression during the development of insects, cryosections of late third instar larvae and imagoes of Drosophila melanogaster and Calliphora vicina were studied by indirect immunofluorescence using several monoclonal antibodies to the L2/HNK-1 and one monoclonal antibody to the L3 epitope. Each monoclonal antibody to the L2/HNK-1 epitope showed a different immunohistological staining pattern, which differed from that of the L3 monoclonal antibody. In both insect species the immunohistological staining patterns for the two carbohydrate epitopes were similar at the two developmental stages, with immunoreactivity not confined to the nervous system. In larvae, immunoreactivities of the monoclonal antibodies L2.334 and L3.492 were predominantly associated with the extracellular matrix as indicated by co-localization with laminin, particularly in the imaginal discs, while L2.349 revealed a more cell surface-associated distribution. In imagoes, immunoreactivities were detectable in most organs studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340883
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  • 88
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    Transient expression of a calcium-binding protein (spot 35-calbindin) and its mRNA in the immature pituicytes of embryonic rats (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calbindin ; Neurohypophysis ; Development, ontogenetic ; Immunohistochemistry ; In-situ hybridization ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spot 35 protein is a Ca-binding protein originating from the rat cerebellum; it is now referred to spot 35-calbindin. This protein is expressed in immature pituicytes of the neurohypophyseal anlage in the E11–E18 rat embryo. The gene expression of spot 35-calbindin was detected by in-situ hybridization analysis only at stage E11–E12. Profiles of spot 35-positive nerve fibers of a neurosecretory nature were found in anlage at stage E16. At this stage, some immature pituicytes are partially immunopositive for spot 35-calbindin only in their peripheral cytoplasm; others are immunonegative. At birth and thereafter through adulthood, abundant nerve fibers are the sole structures immunoreactive for spot 35-calbindin; all the pituicytes are immunonegative, resulting in a light-microscopic appearance of numerous immunonegative round profiles, corresponding to pituicytes, and capillaries embedded in the granularly immunostained neurohypophysis. The present findings suggest that, during specific embryonic stages, immature pituicytes exert some as yet unidentified roles related to Ca-mediated functions involving the expression of spot 35-calbindin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318188
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine-like immunoreactivity in the visual system and brain of Drosophila melanogaster (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoreceptor cells ; Nervous system central ; Visual system ; Histamine ; Transmitter ; Immunohistochemistry ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study, immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections is used to demonstrate anti-histamine immunoreactivity in the Drosophila brain. The results support earlier findings that histamine is probably a transmitter of insect photoreceptors. It is further shown that, in Drosophila, all imaginal photoreceptors including receptor type R7 are anti-histamine immunoreactive, whereas the larval photoreceptors do not seem to contain histamine. In addition to the photoreceptors, fibres in the antennal nerve and approximately 12 neurons in each brain hemisphere show strong histamine-like immunoreactivity. These cells arborize extensively in large parts of the central brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318195
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental expression of glial markers in ependymocytes of the rat subcommissural organ: role of the environment (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 553-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Differentiation ; Transplantation ; Immunohistochemistry ; GFAP ; S100 protein ; Serotonin ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat subcommissural organ (SCO), principally composed of modified ependymocytes (a type of glial cell), is a suitable model for the in vivo study of glial differentiation. An immunohistochemical study of the ontogenesis of rat SCO-ependymocytes from embryonic day 13 to postnatal day 10 shows that these cells express transitory glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) from embryonic day 19 until postnatal day 3. However, S100 protein (S100) is never expressed in the SCO-cells, contrasting with the ventricle-lining cells of the third ventricle, which contain S100 as early as embryonic day 17. Environmental factors could be responsible for the repression of GFAP and S100 in adult rats, because GFAP and S100 are observed in ependymocytes of SCO 3 months after being grafted from newborn rat into the fourth ventricle of an adult rat. Neuronal factors might be involved in the control of the expression of S100, since after the destruction of serotonin innervation by neurotoxin at birth, S100 can be observed in some SCO-ependymocytes of adult rats. On the other hand, GFAP expression is apparently not affected by serotomin denervation, suggesting the existence of several factors involved in the differentiation of SCO-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318597
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (FAL) epitope in the adult mouse brain (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 353-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: 3-Fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (FAL) ; Leu-M1 ; CD-15 marker ; Brain mapping ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (NMRI)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of the 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (FAL) epitope within the adult mouse brain was studied by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody Leu-M1. Leu-M1-positive elements comprised astrocytes and neurons. FAL-positive astrocytes were particularly abundant in barrier structures of the brain, but were also prominent at the periphery of most medullated fiber tracts. Their intracerebral distribution led to a distinct pattern of organization, which in some locations, including the cerebral cortex, could be used for an extended regional architectonic description. Since only some FAL-positive astrocytes were also positive for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), the emerging topography of the FAL-positive astrocytes often differed from the GFAP-distribution. In the cerebellum, Bergmann glia cells expressed the FAL epitope and, in the vermis, their arrangement had a band-like appearance. Positive oligodendrocytes could not be identified. The common ependymal cells were negative, whereas tanycytes were highly immunoreactive. The Leu-M1 antibody also stained some neurons. These occurred in selected neocortical regions, within the dorsal and ventral striatum, in the globus pallidus, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the nucleus diagonalis and some hypothalamic areas. In some instances, their morphology and location indicated an association with neurochemically specified cell groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318777
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of porcine diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) to rat endocrine pancreas (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 395-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) ; DBI-like immunoreactivity ; Pancreas, endocrine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Peptides ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), isolated and characterized from porcine upper intestine, was examined in the pancreas of Sprague-Dawley albino rats using indirect immunofluorescence. The polypeptide was found in the endocrine Langerhans islets and, utilizing double-labelling controls, it was shown to be present within the peripherally located glucagon-containing cells. Regulation of islet hormone production may therefore be under DBI control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318781
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivities for chromogranin A and B, and secretogranin II in the guinea pig entero-endocrine system: cellular distributions and intercellular heterogeneities (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromogranin ; Secretogranin ; Enteroendocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The family of the chromogranin/secretogranin proteins consists of three major subtypes: chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB) and secretogranin II (SgII). These proteins are present in various endocrine cells and organs. Using immunohistochemistry on serial semithin sections, we have investigated ten endocrine cell types of the guinea pig gastro-intestinal tract for their content of chromogranin/secretogranin proteins. The gastrin cell was the only cell type containing immunoreactivities for all three chromogranin subtypes. The majority of entero-endocrine cells showed immunoreactivities for CgA and SgII. Somatostatin cells lacked immunoreactivities for any of the chromogranins. Moreover, the densities of the corresponding immunoreactivities varied among the different endocrine cell types or even among endocrine cells of a given population. Aminergic endocrine cells (e.g., enterochromaffin and enterochromaffin-like cells) regularly exhibited strong immunoreactivities for CgA but failed to react for SgII. In peptidergic endocrine cells, the immunoreactivities for both CgA and SgII ranged from dense to faint. This was also true for CgB in gastrin cells. Hence, only CgA and SgII can be considered as regular constituents of entero-endocrine cells. The intercellular differences in immunoreactivities for all three chromogranin subtypes indicate that every endocrine cell has its own composition of chromogranin/secretogranin proteins. This may be due to differences in the regulation of biosynthesis or processing of the chromogranins in individual endocrine cells; this in turn might be related to the functional states of endocrine cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313960
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the mammalian endocrine pancreas (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 461-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptophysin ; P38 ; Membrane proteins ; Endocrine pancreas ; Islet cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human ; Dog ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptophysin, a major membrane glycoprotein of small presynaptic vesicles in neurons, has also been found in microvesicles of endocrine cells, e.g., of the endocrine pancreas. In the present study, the endocrine pancreas in 9 mammalian species (man, dog, mink, bovine, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse, gerbil) has been investigated immunohistochemically for synaptophysin immunoreactivity. Synaptophysin-positive cells have been identified and localized on semithin plastic sections. Our study demonstrates that, in all species examined, all pancreatic endocrine cell types are consistently synaptophysin-positive independent of their location within the tissue, or the conditions of tissue processing. In addition, a few cells that cannot be hormonally identified show synaptophysin immunoreactivity. Hence, synaptophysin appears to be a regular constituent of all pancreatic endocrine cells in mammals. In several species, a subpopulation of endocrine cells, consisting of glucagon-containing and/or pancreatic-polypeptide-containing cells, exhibits a significantly higher degree of synaptophysin immunoreactivity. In the gerbil, this heterogeneity can readily be detected from the day of birth onwards. Our findings indicate that closely related endocrine cell types may differ with respect to the content of synaptophysin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319036
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tyrosine hydroxylase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pineal complex of untreated rats and rats following removal of the superior cervical ganglia (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 265 (1991), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Extrasympathetic innervation ; Pineal gland ; Deep pineal ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive(IR) nerve fibers in the pineal complex was investigated in untreated rats and rats following bilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglia. In normal animals, a large number of TH- and NPY-IR nerve fibers were present in the pineal capsule, the perivascular spaces, and intraparenchymally between the pinealocytes throughout the superficial pineal and deep pineal gland. A small number of TH-IR and NPY-IR nerve fibers were found in the posterior and habenular commissures, a few fibers penetrating from the commissures into the deep pineal gland. To elucidate the origin of these fibers, the superior cervical ganglion was removed bilaterally in 10 animals, and the pineal complex was examined immunohistochemically. Two weeks after the ganglionectomy, the TH-IR and NPY-IR nerve fibers in the superficial pineal gland had almost completely disappeared. On the other hand, in the deep pineal and the pineal stalk, the TH-IR and NPY-IR fibers were still present after ganglionectomy. These data show that the deep pineal gland and the pineal stalk possess an extrasympathetic innervation by TH-IR and NPY-IR fibers. It is suggested that the extrasympathetic TH-IR and NPY-IR nerve fibers innervating the deep pineal and the pineal stalk originate from the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318140
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The catecholaminergic system of an annelid (Ophryotrocha puerilis, Polychaeta) (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 265 (1991), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Nervous system, peripheral ; Catecholamines ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glyoxylic acid fluorescence ; Ophryotrocha puerilis (Annelida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The complex catecholaminergic (CA) nervous system of the polychaete Ophryotrocha puerilis is documented using glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence (GIF) and immunohistochemistry. CA-neurons are found both in the central and peripheral nervous system. In the brain, about 50 CA-neurons are present in the perikaryal layer together with numerous CA fibres. Two pairs of CA perikarya are characteristic for each ganglion of the ventral nerve cord. CA-neurites in the ventral nerve cord are mainly arranged in 4 strands paralleling the longitudinal axis of the worm. Fluorescent neurons with receptive ciliary structures are present in body appendages (antennae, palps, urites, parapodial cirri), in the body-wall, and within the oesophageal wall. Furthermore, a subepidermal nerve net of free CA nerve endings has been found. After incubation of specimens with dopamine prior to the development of GIF more fluorescent perikarya could be observed; the fluorescence was also intensified. Pre-incubation with reserpine reduced the intensity of GIF. Results of high pressure liquid chromatography and immunostaining with a polyclonal antibody against a dopamine-glutaraldehyde-complex suggest that dopamine is the major CA transmitter. It is thought that dopaminergic neurons together with ciliary receptive structures act as mechano- and/or chemoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318152
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The endocrine pancreas of glucagon-and somatostatin-immunized rabbits (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 265 (1991), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine pancreas ; Immunization ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rabbit (Chinchilla, Ch:b:Ch)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peptide antibodies raised in rabbits are widely used in biology and medicine. During immunization of the animals, the respective antibodies may affect the endocrine cells physiologically responsible for the synthesis of peptides used as antigens. Since corresponding morphological data are still sparse, the rabbit endocrine pancreas was systematically investigated by light microscopy and immunocytochemistry after long-term immunization against glucagon and somatostatin. Both immunizations led to an increase in the number of islets (nesidioblastosis), to the development of giant islets (macronesia), and to changes in the relative proportions of the major types of endocrine cells or their hormonal content. The latter changes differed after either immunization: glucagon immunization resulted in hypertrophy and hyperplasia of glucagon cells and a decrease in their hormonal content; somatostatin immunization led to an increased proportion of somatostatin cells and a lowered hormonal content of insulin cells. The various alterations were expressed differently according to islet type; islets of the rabbit pancreas differ in size or angioarchitecture, and in the proportion and distribution of endocrine cells. The present findings point to autocrine or paracrine effects of the respective peptides. These effects, however, are obviously of differing significance in morphologically heterogeneous islets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398073
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological alteration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue after long-term total parenteral nutrition in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parenteral feeding ; Gut-associated lymphoid tissue ; Peyer's patches ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological alteration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) induced by long-term absence of dietary stimulation was investigated. Male Wistar rats weighing ∼230 g were maintained with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Control rats were allowed to have the same amount of the solution orally. After two weeks, the morphological alteration of GALT was examined. Although no significant difference in weight gain was noted between the two groups, the area comprised by Peyer's patches was decreased in TPN rats. The number of transported lymphocytes and the ratio of helper T (Th) cells to suppressor/cytotoxic T (Ts/c) cells in intestinal lymph were lowered after TPN treatment. In an immunohistochemical study of the rat ileum, the number of T cells and the Th/Ts/c ratio were decreased both in the intraepithelial spaces and in the lamina propria of TPN rats. The percentage of interleukin-2 receptor-positive cells and the number of IgA-containing cells in the lamina propria were significantly reduced in TPN rats. These results suggest that dietary stimulation might play a role in the maintenance of GALT function and morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678708
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of 5-HT (serotonin) immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the inshore hagfish,Eptatretus burgeri (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 107-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; CSF-contacting neurons ; Raphe ; Hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the distribution of serotonin in the central nervous system of the hagfish,Eptatretus burgeri, in order to produce a detailed map of serotonin-containing structures. In the hypothalamus, many serotonin-containing neurons contacted the cerebrospinal fluid. Most of the serotonin-containing cell bodies were located in the raphe region, where they were compactly distributed at the level of the nucleus motorius tegmenti pars anterior but more diffusely distributed at the level of the nucleus motorius tegmenti pars posterior. Serotonin-containing cell bodies and varicose fibers were widely distributed throughout the brain and upper spinal cord segments, but the distribution density was not even. On the basis of its abundance, serotonin can be judged to have an important function in the control of the hagfish central nervous system. From a phylogenetic point of view, serotonin-containing neurons in the raphe region appear to be a common property of all classes of vertebrates studied except the lampreys, whereas serotonin-containing cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons may be considered to be a primitive condition in all nonmammalian vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678717
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constancies in the neuronal architecture of the suboesophageal ganglion at metamorphosis in the beetleTenebrio molitor L. (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 173-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuroanatomy ; Identified neurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Suboesophageal ganglion ; Tenebrio molitor (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Topological organization of identified neurons has been characterized for the larval, pupal and imaginal suboeosphageal neuropil of the meal-worm beetleTenebrio molitor. Neuronal fate mapping allows identification of individually persisting neurons in the metamorphosing suboesophageal ganglion ofTenebrio. Analysis was performed on interneurons characterized by serotonin and CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide) immunohistochemistry, on motoneurons that innervate the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles, and on suboesophageal descending neurons. All these different populations of neurons show topologically invariant features throughout metamorphosis. Motoneurons, interneurons, and descending suboesophageal neurons of the imaginal suboeosphageal ganglion embody individually persisting larval interneurons. Impacts for a functional interpretation of the neuronal architecture of the suboesophageal ganglion are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678723
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