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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (4.592)
  • 1993  (4.592)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4.464)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Nuclear reactions
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (4.592)
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 22 (1993), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoid osteoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Osteomyelitis ; Bone tumors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Four cases of osteoid osteomas are presented. An uncharacteristic magnetic resonance finding of soft tissue edema is reported. This observation should not be misinterpreted as indicating a more aggressive pathologic process and, thereby, exclude osteoid osteoma from the differential.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 22 (1993), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Spine fusion ; Bone grafts ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Polydirectional tomography ; Cervical spondylosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Bone grafting in the cervical spine is an expanding and rapidly changing area. Its success depends on the presence of bone formation, bone incorporation, and ongoing adaptive remodeling to mechanical loads. The evaluation of anterior cervical spine grafts requires a basic understanding of bone graft physiology, its clinical applications, and its postoperative appearances. The roles of routine radiography, polydirectional tomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment and follow-up of the postoperatively grafted cervical spine will be discussed. The main focus of this paper is to review current surgical procedures utilized for stabilizing the cervical spine as well as to discuss the radiologist's role in the imaging of this region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Elderly ; Periscapular mass ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Short T2 ; Elastofibroma dorsi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Elastofibroma dorsi is a rarely made radiological diagnosis. The rarity of the condition, lack of a suitable imaging modality, and an inconsistent clinical approach in evaluating indeterminate soft tissue tumors has contributed to this failure. With magnetic resonance imaging now being recognized as the examination of choice for all indeterminate soft tissue tumors, a prebiopsy diagnosis can frequently be made by radiologists familiar with the characteristic periscapular location, predilection for elderly females, and short T2 on magnetic resonance imaging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 22 (1993), S. 187-190 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Occipital condyles ; Fracture ; Computed tomography ; Pathogenic mechanism ; Neurologic damage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fractures of the occipital condyle are rare; 32 cases have been reported in the literature.Here, the authors describe four additional cases of occipital condylar fracture. Anderson's classification is used: type I fracture: comminution of the condyle without significant displacement; type II: basilar fracture extending into the condyle; type III: condylar avulsion. The possible mechanisms are identified. Computed tomography proved essential in diagnosing these fractures; coronal reconstructions together with axial scans are particularly helpful. Three-dimensional reconstruction did not prove essential in diagnosing these fractures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 22 (1993), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Rheumatoid arthritis ; Thoracic spine ; Radiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Only single cases with rheumatoid arthritis of the thoracic spine with vertebral subluxation have been reported to date. In a review of 100 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis who had undergone occipitocervical fusion, arthritis of the upper thoracic spine with subluxation was discovered on conventional radiographs in four patients. Two additional patients were found elsewhere. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in three of the patients, confirming the diagnosis of subluxation of the upper thoracic vertebrae. In addition, MRI revealed encroachment on the anterior sub-arachnoid space and compression of the spinal cord.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 22 (1993), S. 479-484 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Muscle tears ; Hemorrhage ; Hematoma ; Muscle hernia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Magnetic resonance (MR) images of skeletal muscle tears can clearly delineate the severity of muscle injury. Although MR imaging is seldom necessary in patients with acute muscle trauma, it can be helpful in deciding on clinical management. The two major MR findings in acute muscle tears are deformity of the muscle and the presence of abnormal signal reflecting hemorrhage and edema. In acute tears, methemoglobin within the extravascular blood causes high-signal areas on both T1-and T2-weighted images. With partial tears, the blood may dissect in a distinctive linear pattern along the muscle bundles and fibers. As healing begins, the muscle signal diminishes, first on the T1-weighted images and then on the T2-weighted images. When there is residual abnormal signal on images obtained more than several months after the injury, it is presumed to represent hemorrhage from recurrent tears. In patients with a questionable history of a remote injury, the clinical presentation may be that of persistent pain or a soft tissue mass. In these cases MR imaging may identify the cause of the pain and can exclude a neoplasm by proving that the mass is a hypertrophied or retracted muscle. Thus, MR imaging has a limited, but occasionally important role in selected patients with skeletal muscle tears.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 22 (1993), S. 515-518 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Fatigue fracture ; Sacrum ; Paediatrics ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present the clinical and radiological features of two children with fatigue fractures of the sacrum. Both patients were active, had no underlying bone disease and presented with insidious onset of low back pain. Plain radiography was non-contributory to the diagnosis. In both patients a focal area of increased activity was present in the lateral aspect of the sacrum on bone scintigraphy, which corresponded to linear medullary sclerosis in the sacral ala demonstrated by computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging in one patient revealed a linear signal void in the sacral ala on T1- and T2-weighted images. This was surrounded by diffuse low marrow signal on T1-weighted images, and increased marrow signal on T2-weighted images. Fatigue fractures of the sacrum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of low back pain in children. An awareness of their appearance on magnetic resonance imaging is important as this modality is increasingly utilised, particularly in children.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Corpus callosum ; Malformative syndromes ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A morphological analysis of the corpus callosum has been carried out in an MRI study of 34 children with malformative syndromes and 35 normal children. We used a new morphometric method based on measurement of five specific angles. Values outside the range of normality have been found in patients with malformations of the skull, including turricephaly, acrocephaly and frontonasal dysplasia. The results have confirmed the reliability of this method for study of the conformation of the corpus callosum and of its topographical relations with the other cerebral structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 105-106 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Vein of Galen malformation ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Cerebral atrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Newborn
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We report a full-term newborn girl with a giant vein of Galen malformation and extreme cerebral atrophy of prenatal origin. She presented on the 3rd day of life with intractable congestive heart failure. The diagnosis of the vascular malformation was confirmed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Chiari I malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pathogenesis ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Skull radiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Skull dimensions were measured on lateral skull radiographs in 33 adult patients with MRI-verified Chiari I malformations and in 40 controls. The posterior cranial fossa was significantly smaller and shallower in patients than in controls. In the patients, there was a positive correlation between posterior fossa size and the degree of the cerebellar ectopia, which might indicate that a posterior cranial fossa which was originally too small had been expanded by the herniation of hindbrain structures at an early stage. Pyramidal signs and cerebellar symptoms and signs, which may be due to compression of neural structures, were associated with a large degree of ectopia and a relatively large posterior cranial fossa. Syringomyelia and headache, which may be due to the valve action of the herniated cerebellar tissue, were not associated with a particularly large posterior fossa or herniation. No special clinical presentation was associated with a very small posterior cranial fossa, which may indicate that a small posterior cranial fossa per se has little or no clinical significance, although it may be the primary developmental anomaly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 130-133 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Wilson's disease ; Hepatolenticular degeneration ; Penicillamine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Eight patients with Wilson's disease (WD) were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain; seven also underwent X-ray computed tomography (CT) of the brain. We describe the changes in the brain and try to correlate them with the clinical manifestations and progress of the disease. Six patients were symptomatic, with predominantly neurological problems. Two were asymptomatic, diagnosed upon screening siblings of index cases. Of the six symptomatic patients, five had basal ganglia lesions, combined in four with brain stem changes; in one with only brain stem abnormalities, clinical findings were minimal despite pronounced MRI changes. In three patients MRI abnormalities regressed following chelating therapy. MRI can contribute to documentation of early neurological involvement in WD, especially in patients with no abnormalities on CT. However, MRI changes may not correlate with clinical presentation or response to therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 134-141 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Wilson's disease ; Copper ; Chelating agents ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Relaxation times
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fifteen patients with Wilson's disease were examined, using spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) sequences with 0.5 T and 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) imagers. They fell into three groups: groups 1 and 2 were examined retrospectively after 3–18 years of treatment, while group 3 was examined prospectively from the start of treatment, after recommencement of treatment, or inadequate treatment. MRI was sensitive to changes in the basal ganglia at sites typical of Wilson's disease and was useful for documenting the effects of treatment. It was found necessary to estimate the relaxation times T1 and T2, to better assess improvement or transient worsening of the disease in the prospective group. Residual cavitation and gliosis could be distinguished in the retrospective group using a subtraction technique.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Behçet's disease ; Central nervous system ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium enhancement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two cases of central nervous system Behçet's disease, studied by gadolinium-enhanced MRI, are presented. In one patient, whose clinical picture was dominated by a brain stem syndrome, the gadolinium enhancement resolved with clinical improvement, although the hyperintense areas in the mesencephalon on T2-weighted images persisted. In the second, who had a pseudobulbar palsy and a mild right hemiparesis, there were many abnormal areas, but an enhancing focus in the posterior limb of the left internal capsule was probably the lesion responsible for the hemiparesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Brain iron ; Basal ganglia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Heavily T2-weighted spin echo sequences of the brain show age-dependent low signal intensity in many extrapyramidal nuclei. Although it has been suggested that this low intensity results from non-haem iron, the specific influence of non-haem iron on the T2 relaxation time has not been quantified and remains controversial. The T2 relaxation times of the globus pallidus and putamen were measured from MRI at 1.5T in 27 healthy patients, by using a mathematical model. They were then plotted as a function of age and compared to the curve of age-dependent iron concentration determined post mortem. The curves of T2 relaxation time in the basal ganglia are congruent with published curves of iron concentration, indicating a high probability that the changes in T2 relaxation times and the low signal in the basal ganglia result from the local, age-dependent iron deposition. Individual measurements of T2 relaxation time show less variation before than after 45 years of age, indicating the influence of a second, more individual factor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 151-155 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; White matter lesions ; Cerebrovascular disease ; Age
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The clinical significance of high-intensity foci in the white matter on magnetic resonance images of the brain was studied in 351 adults. The foci frequently occurred in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale. The frequency and extent of the foci were closely related to age and to a previous history of cerebrovascular disease. Patients without such a history but with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease tended to have these foci more frequently than those without risk factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Optic neuritis ; Optic nerve ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary MRI was performed on seven patients with acute optic neuritis, using two sequences which suppress the signal from orbital fat: frequency-selective fat-saturation and inversion recovery with a short inversion time. Lesions were seen on both sequences in all the symptomatic optic nerves studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Glioblastoma ; Surgery ; Methaemoglobin ; Hydrogen peroxide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of glioblastomas to assess residual tumour should be performed within the first 4 days following surgery. Early methaemoglobin formation near the resection site may mimic residual tumour if only gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced images are obtained. In a prospective study 24 of 54 patients (44%) showed well-defined areas of increased signal intensity on unenhanced T1-weighted images performed soon after surgery. By in vitro experiments we showed that hydrogen peroxide used in neurosurgery as a styptic agent accelerates formation of methaemoglobin when added to whole blood samples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Gadodiamide ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Seventy-nine patients with known or suspected central nervous system lesions were studied with MRI in a phase III double-blind study. Forty were given gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) and 39 gadodiamide injection (Gd-DTPA BMA), a new low-osmolar nonionic contrast enhancing medium. The dosage was 0.1 mmol/kg body weight, corresponding to 0.2 ml/kg. Spin-echo sequences were performed before and immediately after injection. The safety and efficacy of the two contrast media were assessed. No changes were observed in blood pressure, heart rate or neurological status. Five adverse effects (two episodes of headaches, two of nausea and one of dizziness) were reported by 2 patients who received gadodiamide injection and 1 who received gadopentetate dimeglumine. All events were mild and their relationship to the contrast media was uncertain. For both contrast media statistically significant changes in serum iron were observed 24 h after injection. More than 70% of the patients had abnormal findings on MRI, and in 56% of these contrast enhancement of the abnormal structure or lesion was seen. Contrast enhancement provided the diagnosis in about 50%, changed it in 40% and increased diagnostic confidence in 95%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lhermitte-Duclos disease ; Ganglioglioma ; Gd-DTPA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The MRI and CT studies of four patients with ganglion cell tumours, one with a cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease), and three with gangliogliomas are reported. MRI in Lhermitte-Duclos disease clearly demonstrated a mass of low signal intensity in the left cerebellum on T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) images and an area of high signal intensity with a blurred margin on T2-weighted SE images. These MRI studies were useful for delineating the lesion, which was verified at surgery. In the ganglioglioma, MRI demonstrated two isointense solid masses on T1-weighted SE images, which enhanced clearly with Gd-DTPA. The enhancement study was advantageous in planning surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 185-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Subependymoma ; Ventricular tumor ; Septum pellucidum ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Subependymoma is a rare, benign intraventricular tumour and a case of septum pellucidum origin examined with CT and MR is reported. Well demarcated non-enhancing mass with multiple small intratumoral cysts is demonstrated on CT and MR images. The differential diagnosis from ependymoma has some therapeutic implications but may not be possible by CT or MRI.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 187-189 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Brain neoplasm ; Meningioma ; Xanthomatous metaplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of meningioma with extensive xanthomatous metaplasia occurring in the left frontal convexity of a 37-year-old woman is reported. The tumour was demonstrated as a hypodense mass with minimal enhancement on CT. Our findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging may provide a clue to the diagnosis of meningiomas with extensive xanthomatous metaplasia when CT is less specific.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 196-198 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Intracranial aneurysm ; Basilar artery ; Ectasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of pure motor hemiparesis due to a pontine lacunar infarct is reported. Infarction was related to vertebrobasilar ectasia identified on CT, MRI and MR angiography. MR studies provide accurate information on anatomical location, residual lumen, partial thrombosis, mass effect on brain stem and CSF pathways and vascular complications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Fat embolism ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Single photon emission computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a patient with fat embolism to the brain CT showed no abnormality. MRI performed after recovery from coma, when the patient had aphasia and quadriparesis, demonstrated multiple high signal abnormalities in the white matter on both T1- and T2-weighted images. HMPAO-SPECT showed left-sided hypoperfusion which resolved in parallel with clinical improvement 1 month later.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Dural arteriovenous malformation ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Varix ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Thrombosed aneurysm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Dural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the posterior cranial fossa are relatively infrequent. Intradural haemorrhage is one of their specific complications. Angiographic demonstration of varices or aneurysmal structures is one of the hallmarks of severe cases. We report a patient with posterior cranial fossa dural AVM associated with a varix mimicking a thrombosed aneurysm on CT and MRI. Internal carotid and vertebral angiography failed to demonstrate an aneurysm, but external carotid injection revealed a dural AVM affecting the sigmoid sinus, and a varix. The AVM was completely eliminated by embolization. When a dural AVM is suspected clinically selctive angiography should be performed to confirm the diagnosis even when CT or MRI do not show dilated vessels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma ; Tuberculoma, intracranial ; Tuberculosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Intramedullary tuberculoma is rare, and there has been no report of concurrent intramedullary and intracerebral tuberculomas. We report a 30-year-old man with miliary tuberculosis of the lung. He suffered sudden paraplegia due to tuberculomas in the thoracic spinal cord and MRI showed more tuberculomas in the cervical spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. The tuberculomas were isointense on the T1-weighted images, and hyperintense on the T2-weighted images; there was marked enhancement with intravenous gadolinium-DTPA. All the tuberculomas were very small 1 year after antituberculous chemotherapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 234-237 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Bones, dysostoses ; Fibrous dysplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Osteochondrodysplasias
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Five patients with biopsy-proven craniofacial fibrous dysplasia underwent MRI with T1- and T2-weighted sequences and a gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. Low to intermediate signal intensity was usually seen in the largest part of the lesion on both spin-echo sequences, but smaller regions of hyperintensity on T1- and T2-weighted images and intermediate signal intensity throughout a lesion on T1-weighted images were also seen. All lesions enhanced but only two became iso- or hyperintense compared to fat. High clinical and pathological activity in three cases correlated with high signal intensity on both spin-echo sequences and with strong enhancement in two of the three. The presence of large veins or sinusoids on pathological examination did not correlate with the enhancement pattern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 251-253 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal gland ; Cyst ; Pineal cyst ; Normal variant ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Review of 500 consecutive MRI studies was undertaken to assess the frequency and the appearances of cystic pineal glands. Cysts were encountered in 2.4% of cases. Follow-up examination demonstrated no change in these cysts and they were considered to be a normal variant. Size, MRI appearances and signs associated with this condition are reported in order to establish criteria of normality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 254-255 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Third ventricle ; Teratoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We describe a case in which CT and MRI showed evidence of intraventricular fat, which proved to have come from a ruptured malignant teratoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 247-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Computed tomography ; Haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuroma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Six patients with haemorrhage into intracranial neuromas were studied by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 0.5 T with spinecho pulse sequences. The nature of the tumour and the presence of a haematoma were confirmed by surgery and microscopic examination in all cases. Four neuromas arose from the acoustic nerves and two from the trigeminal. Four of the six patients suffered from sudden onset or rapid worsening of symptoms including headache, vertigo and/or hemifacial motor and sensory disturbances. CT in the acute stage revealed a hyperdense area or a fluid-fluid level (FFL). The hyperdense area disappeared on CT repeated in the chronic stage. On MRI in subacute and chronic stages the haemorrhage showed hyperintensity on both T1 and T2 weighting in five cases examined between 16 and 46 days after the onset, and isointensity on T1 weighting and an FFL on T2 weighting in one case examined 12 days after the onset of symptoms. A well-defined low intensity rim indicating prior haemorrhage was observed on T2-weighted images in three cases. MRI was more effective than CT in detecting haemorrhage into the tumours and in staging it.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 256-257 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Dermoid cyst ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A fourth ventricular dermoid cyst examined by CT, MRI and angiography is reported. The combination of CT density and MRI signal indicated the presence of hair within the cyst, which was confirmed at surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 258-260 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Rathke cleft cyst ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two patients with large Rathke's cleft cysts in the sella turcica and suprasellar region presented with visual impairment and hypopituitarism. The entirely different CT and MRI appearances of the two cysts were thought to depend principally on the protein content of the cyst fluid.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 270-271 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Acoustic neuroma ; Dural tail sign ; Gd-DTPA ; Meningioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A “dural tail” on Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI has been often observed adjacent to meningiomas and considered to be useful in distinguishing meningioma of the cerebellopontine angle from acoustic neuroma. However, demonstration of a dural tail adjacent to an acoustic neuroma indicates that this sign is not specific.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 279-280 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gliosarcoma ; Posterior cranial fossa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the MR findings of a biopsyproven gliosarcoma of the posterior cranial fossa. Multiple homogeneously enhancing lesions had shaggy margins and broad-based dural attachments, which may reflect the gliomatous and sarcomatous element of this tumour.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 286-287 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebellum ; Cerebellar agenesis ; Cerebellar anomaly
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We describe a 58-year-old asymptomatic woman with subtotal developmental absence of the cerebellum. MRI evaluation showed minute remnants of cerebellar tissue corresponding to the anterior quadrangular lobules. These findings identified the anomaly as subtotal cerebellar agenesis, and excluded other diagnostic possibilities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 312-315 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Venous stasis ; Oedema ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brown-Séquard syndrome
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Venous hypertension and stagnant hypoxia in the human spinal cord are poorly understood. We report a case in which a partial Brown-Séquard syndrome resulted from obstruction of venous drainage on one side of the spinal cord. Neurological deterioration and eventual recovery paralleled the formation and clearance of oedema. The clinical and MRI findings support the contention that spinal cord injury arising as a result of obstruction to venous outflow occurs primarily in the white matter, spreading secondarily to the grey matter, and observations that obstruction of venous flow in the high cervical spinal cord results in changes in the lower cervical cord.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Angiography ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Brain ; Intracerebral hematoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We reviewed the clinical and radiological features of ten patients with small arteriovenous malformations that caused intracerebral hematomas. In six patients, angiography showed a small nidus (less than 1 cm in diameter) with a shunt at the site of the hematoma, and in four only an early-filling vein was evident. Six patients had only delayed angiography (4 weeks or more after the ictus). In three, angiography within 2 days of the ictus failed to reveal the cause of the bleed, but repeat angiography showed an early-filling vein in two, and a nidus with shunting in one. In only one patient did early angiography reveal the malformation. MRI was obtained in eight patients, and in two prominent vessels were evident in the wall of the hematoma cavity. In investigation of an unexplained intracerebral hematoma, MRI may be useful to exclude a neoplasm or cavernoma, although the latter may be not be evident in the presence of a recent hematoma. We suggest early MRI and angiography for investigation of an unexplained, nonhypertensive intracerebral bleed, with follow-up MRI and delayed angiography if the initial studies fail to reveal the cause.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Epidermoid tumour ; Iatrogenic lesion ; Thoracic spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Acquired spinal epidermoid tumours are rare, and probably caused by skin fragments that have been transplanted by trauma or lumbar puncture. They almost always occur in the region of the cauda equina. We present an acquired spinal epidermoid tumour at the T 10 level, with pathological confirmation. A skin fragment had migrated to a site where it developed into a tumour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 345-346 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Meningioma ; Gd-DTPA ; Diaphragma sellae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present a tuberculum sellae meningioma with intrasellar extension which did not enhance with intravenous gadolinium. Identification of the diaphragma sellae, possible only on the unenhanced short TR/TE sequence, was crucial for differentiating the lesion from a pituitary adenoma, and therefore for the correct surgical approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Locked-in syndrome ; Brain stem ; Pontomedullary junction ; Ischaemia ; Reticular formation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We describe a case of incomplete locked-in syndrome (LIS) due to basilar artery thrombosis, in which MRI showed a complete, sharply demarcated infarct at the pontomedullary junction. This supports experimental data showing that the lower reticular formation is not critical for the maintenance of consciousness. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ischaemic pontomedullary transection with LIS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Olivary degeneration ; Cerebellar haemorrhage ; Brain stem haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Magnetic resonance (MR) images of seven patients with olivary degeneration caused by cerebellar or brain stem haemorrhages were reviewed. In four patients with cerebellar haemorrhage, old haematomas were identified as being located in the dentate nucleus; the contralateral inferior olivary nuclei were hyperintense on proton-density- and T2-weighted images. In two patients with pontine haemorrhages, the old haematomas were in the tegmentum and the ipsilateral inferior olivary nuclei, which were hyperintense. In one case of midbrain haemorrhage, the inferior olivary nuclei were hyperintense bilaterally. The briefest interval from the ictus to MRI was 2 months. Hypertrophic olivary nuclei were observed only at least 4 months after the ictus. Olivary degeneration after cerebellar or brain stem haemorrhage should not be confused with ischaemic, neoplastic, or other primary pathological conditions of the medulla.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 341-344 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Brain tumour ; Calcification ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The MRI appearances of calcification within intracranial tumours was assessed by reviewing MR images of 11 calcified tumours documented by CT. The signal intensity of the calcified regions was varied and nonspecific on both T1-and T2-weighted images. They were seen as signal void exclusively on T2-weighted images in only 2 patients. Gadolinium enhancement of the calcified portion occurred in 7 of 10 patients. These findings reflect the presence of tumour parenchyma within the calcified region, as proved in 5 lesions examined histologically.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 349-351 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Histiocytosis X ; Langerhan's cell histiocytosis ; Brain stem ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two patients with central nervous system manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, both with brain stem involvement, are reported. The onset of symptoms was at an age when the diagnosis might not have been considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 359-361 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Intraocular tamponade media ; Silicone oil ; Recurrent retinal detachment ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Thirteen patients who underwent surgery for retinal detachment and injection of intraocular tamponade media (silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, or perfluorocarbon liquid) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted images. The ophthalmic tamponade media showed different signal intensity, according to their chemical structure. Unlike ophthalmoscopy or ultrasonography, MRI showed no oil-related artefact, making possible recognition of recurrent retinal detachment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Arachnoid cyst ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain atrophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Arachnoid cysts situated in the middle cranial fossa constitute the largest group of this type of lesion. Their origin has been the subject of debate since they were first described. There is still controversy as to whether they originate directly from the meninges adjacent to the temporal pole or whether partial agenesis of the temporal lobe favours secondary formation of the cyst. We assessed the morphology of the temporal lobe and the bulging of the squamous temporal bone. “Paradoxical changes” in adjacent-bone, described as very rare findings in arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa, were common in our study and suggest, in association with direct signs of temporal atrophy, that this atrophy precedes, or is at least coexistent with, the formation of the cyst. The importance of being able to determine the origin of the cyst lies in its being a factor to assess as regards treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain ; Gadolinium ; Database
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The unique sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the objective nature of the information obtained suggest that MRI will be a useful and reliable way of monitoring treatment trials. There is a need to develop an appropriate database which would provide a standardised means of assessment, not only of MRI, but also of essential clinical information. As part of the program of Concerted Action in Multiple Sclerosis, funded by the Commission of the European Community (CEC), we have developed a database for recording serial brain MRI results. The database consists of core, entry and follow-up sections. Both entry and follow-up parts are subdivided into clinical, MR system and MRI data. We expect that the use of this database will maximise efficiency of MRI monitoring in MS treatment trials, particularly in multicentre studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Chiari malformation ; Dysraphism ; Lipoma ; Lipomyelomeningocele ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Syringomyelia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Co-existence of Chiari I malformation and myelomeningocele is uncommon. Syringomyelia, when associated with a Chiari I malformation, classically involves the cervical spinal cord. Intramedullary extension of lipoma is unusual in lipomyeloschisis. A patient with lumbar lipomyelomeningocele with tethered cord, lower thoracic syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation, shown by MRI is reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 370-374 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Extradural tumours ; Spinal metastases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Ninety-one patients with extradural spinal tumours were examined by magnetic resonance imaging. There were 76 metastases (6 from unknown primary tumours). Seven patients had primary spinal tumours and 8 had multiple myeloma. Sixteen had bulging, diseased vertebral bodies compressing the subarachnoid space and 67 had extradural tumour compressing the spinal cord. Sixty patients had paravertebral involvement. Intraspinal involvement did not correlate with the extent of spinal lesions. All patients had vertebral destruction, with hypointense or combined hypo- and isointense signal relative to bone marrow on T1-weighted images. In most of the 22 patients with T2-weighted images the tumours were isointense or slightly hyperintense. It was usually impossible to differentiate the various tumours on the basis of signal intensity and morphology. However, metastases from carcinoma of the prostate were often more hypointense than other tumours on T1- and T2-weighted images. An inhomogeneous pattern in which diffusely low signal is combined with focal lower signal on T1-weighted images may suggest myeloma. In the 22 patients examined with both T1- and T2-weighted images, T1-weighted images gave the best information in 18; in 3 they were equivalent and in 1 inferior to T2-weighted images; they are therefore recommended for routine imaging of epidural spinal tumours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Central nervous system ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sjögren's syndrome
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fifteen patients with Sjögren's syndrome without clinical evidence of central nervous system disease were studied by MRI. Signal abnormalities were observed in 9 (60%). They were always visible on T2-weighted images as small punctate areas of high signal in the basal ganglia and the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. Abnormalities were less frequently seen on T1-weighted images. Enlargement of cerebral sulci was observed in 6 cases. The specificity and significance of these abnormalities are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 428-430 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Intraventricular cyst ; Choroid plexus ; Hemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An unusual case of hemorrhage within a cyst in the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle is presented. choroid plexus cysts are commonly found incidentally on imaging studies, particularly MRI, where their characteristic appearance produces little diagnostic difficulty. In this case, high signal intensity of the cyst contents on T1-weighted images and apparent hemosiderin deposition in the cyst wall, not previously described, represented a dramatic change from a study 10 weeks previously and allowed a presumptive diagnosis of hemorrhage into the cyst, a presumption further supported by the changes in signal 20 weeks later.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebral ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Patient management
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fifty-one patients with 59 angiographically proven cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were examinded by high-field MRI to detect blood breakdown products. Results were correlated with the history of intracranial bleeding. Evidence of previous episodes of haemorrhage was seen in 10 of 12 patients (83.3%) with verified bleeding, in 4 of 9 patients (44.4%) with symptoms which could suggest bleeding and in 6 of 30 patients (20%) with negative histories. Because of the known rebleeding rate and the increased risk of associated complications, identification of the subgroup who had had haemorrhage and should therefore be considered for surgery may be beneficial. MRI can make a contribution to management by demonstrating prior haemorrhage in patients with an inadequate clinical history.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 443-446 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; CSF flow void ; Hydrocephalus ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We studied the frequency and clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid flow void in 49 normal children who underwent MRI on a 0.35 T unit. T2-weighted axial SE images were retrospectively analysed to determine relative signal intensities of the fourth, third and lateral ventricles and the cerebral aqueduct, rated as high intensity, low intensity, and no signal (flow void). Flow void was seen in the fourth ventricle in 20% of children up to 3 months of age, 67% from 4 to 6 months of age, in all children aged between 7 months and 2 years and in about half of those aged more than 3 years. In cerebral aqueduct the figures were 40% up to 1 month, age, 80% at 2–3 months and 100% above 4–6 months of age, and in the third ventricle 0% up to 1 month, 60% at 2–3 months, 67% at 4–6 months, and almost 100% in above 7 months. Flow void was much more frequent at 1–6 years of age than in adults and less frequent in neonates, which may reflect the different compliance of the growing brain.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Birth asphyxia ; Children ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract On the basis of MRI examination in 88 neonates and infants with perinatal asphyxia, we defined 6 different patterns on T2-weighted images: pattern A-scattered hyperintensity of both hemispheres of the telencephalon with blurred border zones between cortex and white matter, indicating diffuse brain injury; pattern B-parasagittal hyperintensity extending into the corona radiata, corresponding to the watershed zones; pattern C-hyper-and hypointense lesions in thalamus and basal ganglia, which relate to haemorrhagic necrosis or iron deposition in these areas; pattern D-periventricular hyperintensity, mainly along the lateral ventricles, i.e. periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), originating from the matrix zone; pattern E-small multifocal lesions varying from hyper-to hypointense, interpreted as necrosis and haemorrhage; pattern F-periventricular centrifugal hypointense stripes in the centrum semiovale and deep white matter of the frontal and occipital lobes. Contrast was effectively inverted on T1-weighted images. Patterns A, B and C were found in 17%, 25% and 37% of patients, and patterns D, E and F in 19%, 17% and 35%, respectively. In 49 patients a combination of patterns was observed, but 30% of the initial images were normal. At follow-up, persistent abnormalities were seen in all children with patterns A and D, but in only 52% of those with pattern C. Myelination was retarded most often in patient with diffuse brain injury and PVL (patterns A and D).
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Primary CNS lymphoma ; Godalinium-DTPA ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A case of biopsy-proven primary cerebellar lymphoma is described with an unusual pattern of contrast enhancement involving the cerebellar white matter and the sulcal leptomeninges on MRI.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 457-458 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Neurocysticercosis ; Intraventricular granuloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report a cysticercus within the fourten ventricle which showed unusual hypointensity on T2-weighted images.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 459-460 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Cauda equina syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Paraganglioma ; Spinal tumour
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the clinical and imaging features of a paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Raised CSF protein caused an unusual appearance of the spinal canal below the obstruction. No specific identifying features were encountered; paraganglioma is uncommon in this site and usually thought to be an ependymoma or a neuroma; histopathological examination is necessary for correct diagnosis.
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 499-502 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spine ; Aortic disease ; Aortic aneurysm ; Aortic dissection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In five patients with clinical suspicion of spinal disease, MRI of the spine revealed unexpected aortic pathology explaining the symptoms. No significant intraspinal pathology was found on MRI. However, in one patient with clinical suspicion of spinal stenosis, an aortic occlusion was detected on MR images of the spine. The lower extremity ischaemia, caused by the occlusion, was responsible for the symptoms. In another patient a paravertebral haematoma from a ruptured aortic aneurysm resulted in spinal nerve compression, thought before MRI to be caused by a spinal tumour. In three patients aortic aneurysm or dissection resulted in spinal cord ischaemia with symptoms mimicking those of compressive spinal disease. Thus, if MRI of the spine does not provide an explanation for the patient's symptoms, examination of the aorta is recommended.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 490-494 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain ; Spine ; Contrast enhancement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The tolerance and diagnostic efficacy of a new nonionic, intravenous MRI contrast medium, gadodiamide injection (Omniscan®) are reported and compared with those of gadolinium-DOTA after completion of a double-blind, randomized, parallel study in 60 patients using a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Two patients were excluded from the statistical analysis after trial entrance since no contrast medium was injected. The indications for the MRI examination were known or suspected CNS lesions. Vital signs, chemical and haematological parameters were monitored. No significant abnormalities were observed, confirming the excellent tolerance of both contrast media. The usefulness of gadolinium-containing contrast media was again documented, since in 8.6% (5/58) of the patients the lesion(s) could be seen only after injection. Contrast enhancement was seen in 87.8% (43/49) of the patients with abnormal findings, and provided additional diagnostic information in 24.5% (12/49). Lack of contrast enhancement in 12.2% (6/49) of patients with abnormal findings was a significant negative finding.
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 495-496 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Listeria ; Abscess ; Meningoencephalomyelitis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A case ofListeria meningoencephalomyelitis is described and the MRI appearances of an abscess of the cervical spinal cord are presented. The MRI appearances did not allow a definitive diagnosis before death.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast agent ; Neoplasia ; Metastasis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Despite the valuable contribution of MRI, the distinction between benign and malignant compression fractures of the spine is sometimes difficult, and cannot with certainty be based on T1- and T2-weighted signal criteria alone, or on the configuration of the compression fracture. This case report demonstrates that in certain instances neither can gadolinium enhancement specifically make this determination in cases of treated malignancy of the spinal column. Because treated neoplasia having benign histologic characteristics may continue to enhance with IV gadolinium, biopsy evaluation must be undertaken in this setting in order to prove the diagnosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Postoperative lumbar spine ; Intervertebral discs ; Infection ; Gadolinium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Gadolinium enhancement may be normal in the vertebral endplates adjacent to previously operated intervertebral discs. To determine the frequency of this finding and to differentiate this normal healing process from early lesions due to focal infection, we studied 135 patients who had undergone surgery for herniated lumbar disc, and compared them with 249 unoperated patients with radicular symptoms and 15 with known spondylodiscitis. Hypointense foci which enhanced with gadolinium were identified in the endplates of 25 (18.5%) of the operated patients, 9 of whom required a second operation for recurrent disc herniation, at which time the absence of infection was confirmed. Gadolinium enhancement within the endplates adjacent to the operated disc occurs during normal healing after surgery. Care should be taken before invoking a diagnosis of focal infection or secondary spondylodiscitis.
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 516-517 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Leukaemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 25-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, while in remission, developed paraparesis, with faecal and urinary incontinence. CT demonstrated increased density of the lumbar theca and enlargement of the nerve roots. Myelography showed complete obstruction below the L3 level. MRI showed increased signal intensity in the lumbar sac on T1 weighting, and the cauda equina enhanced with gadolinium-DTPA. Lymphoblasts were seen in the lumbar spinal fluid. After chemotherapy, these abnormalities resolved, as did the paraparesis and incontinence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 518-519 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Giant spinal neuroma ; Cystic neuroma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The clinical and radiological findings of a giant cystic intraspinal cervical tumour are presented. Symptoms and signs suggesting a polyneuropathy were misleading. On myelography the tumour appeared as a solid mass, but its size was distincly underestimated. MRI demonstrated the true extent (from C4 to T4) and the cystic structure of the tumour. The histologpathological diagnosis was fibrillary neuroma (WHO grade I).
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 512-515 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis ; Dural carcinomatosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Godalinium enhancement ; Prognosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Ten patients with meningeal carcinomatosis associated with nonhaemoatological neoplasms were examined: six with breast, two with gastrointestinal and one with lung cancer, plus one with a tumour of unknown origin. Cytology was positive in all but one. The patients were classified into four groups according to the gadolinium-enhanced MRI (Gd-MRI) appearances: group 1 had pure leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, group 2 dural carcinomatosis, group 3 spinal leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, and group 4 had normal Gd-MRI except for hydrocephalus. In group 1, Gd-MRI showed diffuse enhancement of the subarachnoid space, including the cisterns around the midbrain, the sylvian fissures, or cerebellaar and cerebral sulci. In group 2, Gd-MRI showed diffuse, thick, partially nodular enhancement of the duramater. No leptomeningeal or subependymal enhancement was evident. In group 3, nodular masses were seen only in the spinal canal. In group 4, no definite evidence of meningeal carcinomatosis was demonstrated on contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) or Gd-MRI. The median suvival time was 2.0 months in group 1, 1.0 month in group 3, and 4.5 months in group 4, but the two patients in group 2 were alive 10 and 15 months after a definite diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis was made. In all patients examined by both CE-CT and Gd-MRI, the latter was superior for identification of meningeal carcinomatosis. Hydrocephalus in an important indirect sign of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, but was not seen in patients with dural carcinomatosis despite the presence of increased intracranial pressure.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 532-536 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Meningioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Histology ; Consistency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of 43 intracranial meningiomas were reviewed and correlated with their histology and consistency at surgery and on pathological examination. There was a statistically significant prevalence of hard tumours within the fibroblastic subtypes. No statistically significant correlation between signal intensity and histology or consistency was found. A meningioma hyperintense on T2-weighted images, is, however, unlikely to be fibroblastic or hard.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Huntington's disease ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Single photon emission computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A Turkish family with Huntington's disease documented on CT, MRI and SPECT is reported. Whereas in clinically definite cases CT and MRI are of limited value and SPECT does not add anything of value, in one asymptomatic subject SPECT showed moderate caudate nucleus hypoperfusion, underlining the hypothesis that SPECT may have a role in predicting Huntington's disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Stroke ; Lyme disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 28-year-old female farmer, without vascular risk factors, developed a limited infarct of the pons, associated with a lymphocytic cerebrospial fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. Titres of specific antibodies againstBorrelia burgdorferi were high in serum and CSF. MRI confirmed an infarct in the territory of the medial pontine arteries, but angiography showed no, evidence of cerebral angiopathy. Antibiotic therapy rapidly led to a return to normal of CSF cytology and serology. We suggest that Lyme disease is a possible cause of cerebral ischaemia.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 539-540 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Meningioma ; pineal region ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Constrast media
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Pineal meningiomas are very rare. We report a pineal meningioma examined by MRI.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 541-542 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium ; Meningioma ; Cerebral glioma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Prominent enhancement of the dura mater, the “dural tail” adjacent to a peripherally located mass on gadolinium-enhanced MRI has been described as being characteristic of meningiomas. We present a cerebral glioma showing the classical “dural tail”.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Ectopic pituitary adenoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sphenoid sinus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract MR images of an ectopic pituitary adenoma have been published in only a single case, a suprasellar mass. We present a patient with Cushing's disease in whom MRI revealed a pituitary adenoma within the sphenoid sinus. Radiologic characteristics of ectopic pituitary adenomas are reviewed, with emphasis on MRI, which demonstrates a soft tissue mass, isointense with gray matter on T1-weighted images, which enhances in a heterogeneous manner.
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 551-552 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Spina bifida ; Meningocele ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The MRI appearances of a cervical meningocele are reported. The operation demonstrated the accuracy of the preoperative MRI diagnosis.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary adenoma ; Optic pathways ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract With large pituitary adenomas, the optic nerves and chiasm usually lie on the tumour capsule and are displaced superiorly. We report a large invasive pituitary adenoma, with complete involvement of both optic nerves. Review of the preoperative MR images demonstrated the optic nerves, with signal intensity close to that of cerebral white matter, and different from the flow void of the basal cerebral arteries. Correlation of this observation with intraoperative findings is discussed.
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 553-555 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ; Intracranial calcification ; Brain damage ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to examine three male siblings with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). The two elder brothers had verying degrees of unusual intracranial calcification; the eldest also showed involvement of the cerebral white matter on MRI. The severity of intracranial calcification was related to the time before initiation of treatment and inversely to mental ability. Brain damage and mental retardation in NDI may be caused by a delay in initiating treatment; early detection and treatment are important to prevent brain damage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Menkes' syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report two boys with Menkes' syndrome who underwent cranial MRI and MR angiography (MRA). In both, CT and MRI revealed progressive cerebral atrophy with a subdural haematoma or effusion. Delayed myelination or dysmyelination of the white matter was suggested. Tortuosity of the cervical and intracranial vessels was well demonstrated by MRA, obviating more invasive conventional angiography should it be thought necessary to demonstrate the characteristic systemic vascular changes of this syndrome.
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 559-560 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency ; Hypoglycemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Balo's concentric sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Positron emission tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report a case of Balo's concentric sclerosis diagnosed in vivo by characteristic MRI changes and stereotactic biopsy. Follow-up after 6 months of immunosuppressive treatment demonstrated virtually complete clinical remission, reduction of the white matter lesions on MRI and normalisation of regional cerebral glucose metabolism as assessed by positron emission tomography not only in white matter but also in the cerebral grey matter structures with input from the affected regions.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 573-577 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus callosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We examined the effect of imaging plane and sequence on the demonstration of lesions at the callosalseptal interface (CSI) by magnetic resonance imaging in 20 patients with known multiple sclerosis. Variable-echo-(VE) T2- and proton density (PD) weighted images were performed in coronal axial and sagittal planes. Sagittal gradient echo (GE) T2- and PD-weighted images were also performed. Lesions at the CSI were seen in all patients and were all demonstrated on both sagittal and coronal VE images. Sagittal PD-weighted GE images were slightly less sensitive but showed good overall agreement with sagittal VE. Axial VE and sagittal T2-weighted GE images demonstrated CSI lesions poorly.
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 584-585 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Basal ganglia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two patients with biopsy-proven Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease had MRI studies that revealed increased signal in the basal ganglia on T2-weighted images, suggesting that MRI can be a useful diagnostic instrument in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 581-583 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Whipple's disease ; Cerebral involvement ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Confusion developed in a 44-year-old man, who had diarrhoea and weight loss for three months. Jejunal biopsy showed infiltration by PAS-positive macrophages, indicating Whipple's disease. Cranial MRI disclosed multiple lesions mainly in the white matter and grey-white matter junction better demonstrated after gadolinium injection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 606-611 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hemifacial spasm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), combined with submillimeter magnetic resonance tomographic angiographic sections (MRTA) showed vascular compression of the 7th cranial nerve or its root exit zone (REZ) in the brain stem in 24 of 37 patients (64.86%) with hemifacial spasm. MRA alone was positive for REZ compression in only 19 (51.4%) cases, while conventional MRI was even less revealing, only 10 (27%) cases being positive.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 14 (1993), S. 187-190 
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Schlagwort(e): Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An asymptomatic 9-year-old boy was found to have a cardiac murmur in a heart disease survey. Two-dimensional echocardiogram identified a large left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Color flow imaging showed a transtunnel “to-and-fro” mosaic pattern between the pseudoaneurysm and left ventricle. ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the exact size and related location of the left ventricular pseudoaneurysm and its ostium. Without cardiac catheterization or angiography, he was successfully operated on by closure of the communicating tunnel.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 391-393 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Lissencephalies ; Imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Based on the published literature and on our own experiences in the imaging of lissencephalies with ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we propose a strategy for the use of the different methods depending on the clinical symptoms and the age of the patient. In newborns and babies with suspected lissencephaly ultrasound should be used as the first method. If there is a cortical malformation and a more thorough examination seems necessary, CT can be used in type I lissencephaly. However, due to its excellent grey-white matter contrast MRI is the best method for imaging of lissencephalies. Especially in the diagnosis of type II lissencephaly, MRI is definitely superior to CT and US, and so it should be used in all patients with Walker-Warburg syndrome and other congenital muscular dystrophies as well as in all doubtful cases. It must always be remembered that the extent of the cortical dysplasias is quite variable, as is the presence of further malformations.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Neurofibromatosis type 1 ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Central nervous system imaging abnormalities
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the results of the reevaluation of 24 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) using central nervous system (CNS) imaging techniques. The first examination by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated the presence of optic glioma in three cases, “unidentified bright objects” (UBOs) in six, and a suspected right frontal tumor in one. In two patients optic glioma and UBOs were both present and in one of them a bulbar tumor was also suspected. Later imaging examinations revealed the appearance of optic glioma in three more cases and UBOs in nine. In two of these patients both optic glioma and UBOs were present. This study indicates that the likelihood of detecting imaging abnormalities in patients with NF1 increases when systematic follow-up is performed. Optic gliomas are characteristic of pediatric patients; they rarely give rise to clinical manifestations (1/6 cases) and in general progress very slowly. For these reasons, therapeutic strategy must be carefully considered and individually decided. UBOs are very frequent findings in pediatric patients with NF 1 and therefore they must be considered diagnostically relevant. They are not related to clinical manifestations and spontaneous regression has been observed. The nature of these imaging abnormalities is still unknown, but because they do not behave like tumors, useless and dangerous therapeutic procedures should not be employed.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Glioblastoma multiforme ; CSF dissemination ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Multiple cranial nerve palsy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 9-year, 6-month-old boy presented with peripheral-type multiple cranial nerve palsy due to extensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination of intracranial glioblastoma multiforme. Tissue obtained from biopsydid not stain for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The relationship between GFAP-negative tumor cells and extensive CSF dissemination agreed with recent reports. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium-DPTA enhancement clearly depicted not only the cranial meningeal dissemination but also spinal metastasis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed undoubted usefulness in demonstrating disseminated glioblastoma.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; angio MR ; phase contrast magnetic resonance ; spinal cord arteriovenous malformations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In spite of the recent advances in neuroradiology including the CT scan and the spin-echo-magnetic resonance (MR), accurate diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving the spinal cord is still based on selective angiography. This last procedure is invasive and needs to be repeated during the follow up. Phase contrast angio MR was performed with a 0.5 Tesla unit on 12 patients with an AVM involving the spinal cord (7 intramedullary AVMs, 4 perimedullary fistulas, and 1 dural fistula with perimedullary venous drainage); 4 of these were investigated before and after treatment. Angio MR showed abnormal vascular patterns within the spinal canal in all cases, without distinguishing between arteries and veins; the nidus of the intramedullary AVMs was displayed in all cases. Angio MR provided images of the whole AVMs comparable to the angiographic pictures, in contrast to the spin-echo MR, which provided only discontinued images of the vessels. The efficient range of velocity providing images varied, according to the type of the malformation (slow for dural fistulas, rapid for intra-medullary AVMs). In the 4 patients investigated after treatment, comparison of the images obtained before and after treatment permitted assessment of the degree of occlusion of the malformation. Finally, angio MR as a complement of spin-echo MR can now be used as a reliable tool for detection of spinal cord AVMs, assessing the indication for angiography, and, furthermore, it can probably replace most of the postoperative control angiographies. The value of the efficient imaging velocity is disputable but seems to depend on the haemodynamic characteristics of the malformation and may then serve as a guide to angiography.
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European spine journal 1 (1993), S. 205-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Dégénérescence discale ; Disque intervertébral ; Arthrose vertébrale lombaire ; IRM ; Discographic ; Disc degeneration ; Intervertebral disc ; Lumbar spondylosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Discography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Disc degeneration in the human spine is a complex phenomenon characterised by biochemical change in the nucleus pulposus and inner annulus and the formation of clefts and fissures radiating from the central area of the disc towards the periphery. In addition, and probably independent of these phenomena, discrete defects in the outer annular attachement are seen which are likely to be due to mechanical stress and failure. The presence of stress tears in disc tissue and their failure to heal can initiate or accelerate the degeneration of the central component of the intervertebral disc. We postulate that discogenic pain may be linked to damage to the outer portion of the annulus fibrosus. Although it would seem logical to assume that discs with sustained high intradiscal pressure would be more prone to pain referred in the outer annular layers because of higher tensile strain, analysis of prospective studies has failed to confirm a relationship between typical pain reproduction at discography and high pressure values. It is concluded that, at present, the only consistent morphological changes present in patients with pain reproduction at discography are the presence of various annular defects involving the outer layers. Whether nerve ingrowth during attempts at repair of these defects is a consistent feature remains to be established.
    Notizen: Résumé La dégénérescence des disques du rachis humain est un phénomène complexe caractérisé par des modifications biochimiques affectant le nucléus pulposus et les couches profondes de l'annulus et l'apparition de fissures et de fentes irradiant de la zone centrale du disque vers sa périphéric. De plus, et sans doute indépendamment de ces phénomènes, apparaissent au niveau des couches superficielles de l'annulus, de petites désinsertions qui sont probablement des ruptures provoquées par les contraintes mécaniques. La présence de déchirures discales liées aux contraintes et dépourvues de tendance spontanée à la guérison, peut initier ou accélérer la dégénérescence de la zone centrale du disque. Nous postulons que la douleur d'origine discale peut être liée aux altérations présentées par la partie périphérique de l'annulus. Bien qu'il puisse sembler logique d'admettre que les disques présentant une hyperpression intradiscale prolongée puissent davantage être enclins à engendrer des douleurs reportées dans les couches superficielles de l'annulus, en raison d'une tension plus élevée, l'analyse des études prospectives n'a pas confirmé de relation entre la reproduction typique d'une douleur à la discographie et des valeurs élevées de pression intradiscale. On en conclut pour le moment, que les seules modifications morphologiques significatives apparaissant chez les patients présentat la reproduction d'une douleur typique à la discographie, sont des altérations diverses de l'annulus affectant ses couches superficielles. Il reste à établir s'il existe une certaine reproduction des fibres nerveuses pendant l'essai de réparation de ces défects.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Schlagwort(e): Spondylolyse ; Spondylolisthésis isthmique ; Dégénérescence discale ; Arthrodèse rachidienne ; Imagerie par résonance magnétique ; Spondylolysis ; Isthmic spondylolisthesis ; Disc degeneration ; Spinal fusion ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The results of 23 patients with symptomatic spondylolysis or mild isthmic spondylolisthesis treated by Scott's direct repair of the defect (secclusion) were analyzed with particular reference to spinal mobility and the condition of the intervertebral discs, and compared with the outcome of 25 patients treated by posterolateral segmental fusion without instrumentation. The two groups were comparable as to age at operation (17.4±5.7 vs. 15.6±2.6 years), follow-up time (54±8 vs. 54±25 months), gender, and preoperative subjective symptoms. The mean preoperative vertebral slip was greater in the fusion group (7.2±8.4 vs. 13.1±4, P=0.003). The follow-up assessment was carried out by an independent observer. It included an interview, Oswestry questionnaire, pain scale drawing, physical examination, plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional testing (lumbar spine mobility, static lifting power). For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test, the x2 test, and the paired t-test were used. At follow-up, 87% of the Scott's group and 96% of the fusion group had occasional pain, not interfering with daily activities, or no pain at all. There was no statistical difference in the subjective, clinical, or functional outcome between the two operation groups. Plain radiographs in both groups showed significant loss of disc height in the operated segment during follow-up, indicating post-operative progression of disc degeneration. In flexion/extension radiographs the total range of movement in the three lowermost lumbar segments was slightly greater after secclusion. This difference was not significant. In MRI there was no statistical difference in disc hydration index between the two groups. The condition of the disc above the fusion was not worse than that of the corresponding disc above the secclusion. There was no correlation between pathologic disc findings in MRI and clinical outcome. It is concluded that in a small group of young patients the early results both after direct repair of the defect and after segmental fusion are satisfactory in the majority of cases. At this point of follow-up it is impossible to say which of the two procedures should be preferred for operative treatment of this condition in young patients. Direct repair does not protect the disc of the lytic/olisthetic segment from further degeneration. Pathologic disc changes in MRI should be interpreted with caution because their clinical relevance is still unclear.
    Notizen: Résumé Les résultats obtenus chez 23 patients présentant une spondylolyse symptomatique ou un spondylolisthésis isthmique discret et traités par la méthode de reconstruction isthmique de Scott, ont été analysés en portant une attention particulière à la mobilité rachidienne et à l'état des disques intervertébraux. Ils ont été comparés aux résultats obtenus chez 25 autres patients traités par greffe segmentaire postéro-latérale sans instrumentation. Les deux groupes étaient comparables quant à l'âge au moment de l'opération (17.4 ans ±5.7 contre 15.6±2.6), à la durée du suivi postopératoire (54±8 mois contre 54±25), au sexe, et aux signes subjectifs préopératoires. Le glissement vertébral préopératoire moyen était plus élevé dans le groupe qui a été fusionné (7.2 mm ±8.4 contre 13.1±4, P=0.003). L'évaluation des suites a été réalisée par un observateur indépendant. Elle a comporté une entrevue, le questionnaire Oswestry, la représentation de la douleur sur une échelle d'intensité, l'examen physique, des radiographies standard, une IRM et un testing fonctionnel (mobilité du rachis lombaire, force de soulèvement statique). Pour l'analyse statistique on a utilisé le t-test de Student, le test du chi-2, et le t-test apparié. Lors du suivi, 87% du groupe S (Scott) et 96% du groupe F (fusion) présentaient des douleurs occasionnelles, sans incidence sur les activités quotidiennes, ou pas de douleurs du tout. Il n'y avait pas de différence statistique dans les résultats subjectifs, cliniques ou fonctionnels, entre les deux groupes de patients opérés. Les radiographies standard montraient dans les deux groupes une perte significative de la hauteur discale du segment opéré lors du suivi, indiquant la progression post-opératoire de la dégénérescence discale. Sur les radio-graphies en flexion/extension, l'amplitude totale du mouvement dans les trois derniers segments lombaires était un peu plus importante après reconstruction. Cette différence n'était pas significative. Sur les IRM il n'y avait pas de différence statistique de l'index d'hydratation discale entre les deux groupes. L'état du disque situé au dessus de la fusion n'était pas plus mauvais par rapport aux disques correspondants situés au-dessus de la reconstruction. Il n'y avait pas de corrélation entre les signes discaux pathologiques à l'IRM et le résultat clinique obtenu. Il est conclu que dans un petit groupe de jeunes patients, les résultats précoces sont satisfaisants dans la majorité des cas après la reconstruction de la lyse aussi bien qu'après la fusion segmentaire. Au point actuel de la surveillance postopératoire il est impossible de préciser lequel des deux procédés devrait être préféré pour le traitement opératoire de ces situations chez les patients jeunes. La réparation directe des isthmes ne protège pas le disque du segment lytique/olisthésique d'une dégénérescence ultérieure. Les modifications pathologiques du disque à l'IRM devraient être interprétées avec précaution parce que leur valeur clinique n'est pas encore clairement établie.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Neonatal stroke ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography ; Neuropsychological tests ; Long-term follow up
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We describe the long-term follow up of infants after neonatal stroke of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Stroke was diagnosed by CT scan in eight full-term neonates. Three dimensional (volume) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a noninvasive technique that images the arterial vessels without contrast agents. All patients, aged from 1.5 to 8.4 years, were investigated by MRI and MRA and by neuropsychological tests. Cognitive development was investigated by intelligence tests, tests of visual perception, motor and language development. Out of the eight patients, seven had a retarded mental and motor development, and 50% of the children were treated for epilepsy. Seven patients had a spastic hemiparesis. Seven out of eight children showed major cognitive deficits. In all patients, MRI revealed clear parenchymal defects with variable distribution patterns. MRA studies showed abnormalities corresponding to the expected vascular distribution. Children with complications at delivery, with seizures, and an interruption of the main stem of MCA as demonstrated on MRA had the least favourable long-term follow up prognosis with severe cognitive delays.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Growth hormone deficiency ; Head trauma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two patients are reported with growth hormone deficiency due to head trauma in childhood. Although their injuries were outwardly only slight and there was no loss of consciousness and no subsequent neurological deficits, they exhibited gradual growth retardation from the time of the trauma. Provocative endocrinological tests showed growth hormone deficiency and MRI showed transection of the pituitary stalk. These findings suggest that ordinary head trauma, as well as perinatal insult and congenital abnormalities, could be a cause of growth hormone deficiency.
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 418-420 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Asplenia syndrome ; Hiatus hernia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract During a 13-month period, 13 patients with asplenia syndrome were evaluated with MRI for cardiovascular and visceral anomalies. The MR images were reviewed for the presence of hiatus hernia which was found in three patients. One of the remaining ten patients with no MRI evidence of hiatus hernia was diagnosed as having gastro-oesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia by an oesophagogram and 24-h pH monitoring. This patient had undergone fundoplication prior to MRI. Out of the 13 patients (31%) with asplenia syndrome, 4 had hiatus hernia. It appears that among patients with the asplenia syndrome, hiatus hernia is a frequent finding. Recurrent pneumonia or bronchiolitis in patients with asplenia syndrome requires evaluation for the presence of hiatus hernia and gastro-oesophageal reflux.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Phenylketonuria ; Myelination ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; 1H spectroscopy ; T2 relaxometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In order to further clarify the pathogenesis and clinical significance of MRI white matter abnormalities in treated hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA), ten patients (seven type I HPA, two type II and one type III) underwent T2 relaxometry (n=8) and/or1H spectroscopy (n=7) in addition to conventional MR spin-echo imaging at 1.5 T. Two patients with severe MRI abnormalities had repeat examinations during and after a 6-to 8-month period of strict diet control. The clinical evaluation included a detailed neurological examination. In nine out of ten patients visual evoked potentials (VEP) were obtained parallel to the MR examination. MR imaging demonstrated typical symmetrical areas of prolonged T2 relaxation time predominantly in the posterior periventricular white matter in all but one of type I and II patients. There was no consistent relationship between MRI findings and time of diagnosis/initiation of therapy, IQ or visual evoked potential changes. MRI abnormalities tended to be more severe in patients with poor dietary control and high current plasma phenylalanine levels, whereas a normal MRI was found only in patients with plasma phenylalanine levels continuously below 0.36 mmol/l. There was marked regression of MRI abnormalities already after 3 months of strict diet control. T2 relaxometry showed a bi-exponential behaviour of T2 in the affected white matter, with a slow component of about 200–450 ms, indicating an increase in free (extracellular) water.1H spectroscopy revealed no signs of severe neuronal damage. We conclude, that the observed white matter changes in treated HPA probably represent reversible structural myelin changes rather than permanent demyelination.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spectroscopy ; Imaging, Canavan disease ; Brain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We present a 2-year-old boy and a 6-year-old girl with mild Canavan disease (CD). Aspartoacylase activity in skin fibroblasts was deficient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain did not show the prominent leucodystrophy previously reported in CD, but there was a hyperintense signal from the lentiform nuclei and the heads of the caudate nuclei on the T2-weighted MR images. This suggests a specific vulnerability of the corpus striatum in these patients. In the older patient, the white matter became affected at the age of 6 years. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of white matter revealed a normal concentration of N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) and a markedly decreased concentration of choline containing compounds (Cho) in the boy but a normal ratio of NAA to Cho in the girl. We conclude that deficient NAA catabolism affects myelin metabolism. This may present as changes in the striatum and/or as a low concentration of Cho before leucodystrophy appears on MRI.
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 822-827 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Phenylketonuria ; Phenylalanine ; Hyperphenylalaninaemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Thirteen patients with phenylketonuria, detected by neonatal screening and started on diet within 16 days of age, were investigated between 10 and 18 years of age by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Biochemical control was assessed from: (1) the life time blood phenylalanine (Phe) control (as determined from (a) the mean yearly exposure to Phe; (b) the accumulated time for each patient that Phe was 〈120 μmol/l; (c)〉400 μmol/l; (d)〉800 μmol/l; and (e)〉1200 μmol/l); and (2) the blood Phe control over the 5 years prior to imaging (assessed for each patient by the mean yearly Phe exposure over that period). In all patients the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene locus was studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotypes and mutant genes were screened for a variety of specific mutations which have been reported in other European populations or in populations of north European descent. Two patients had significant abnormalities of cerebral white matter. Although both showed poor biochemical control this did not reach statistical significance when compared to those with normal imaging. DNA haplotype patterns could be assigned to 11 patients and mutant genes were identified in 12. One patient with abnormal imaging and 4 patients without abnormalities had mutations on both chromosomes identified. In these 5 patients there was significant correlation between their genotype and biochemical control. Mutations resulting in residual in vitro enzyme activity were associated with normal imaging.
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 198-212 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Antibody ; Ferrite ; Iron oxide ; Macrophage ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetite ; Reticuloendothelial system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Pharmaceutical iron oxide preparations have been used as MRI contrast agents for a variety of purposes. These agents predominantly decrease T2 relaxation times and therefore cause a decrease in signal intensity of tissues that contain the agent. After intravenous adminstration, dextran-coated iron oxides typically accumulate in phagocytic cells in liver and spleen. Clinical trials have shown that iron oxide increases lesion/liver and lesion/spleen contrast, that more lesions can be depicted than on plain MRI or CT, and that the size threshold for lesion detection decreases. Decreased uptake of iron oxides in liver has been observed in hepatitis and cirrhosis, potentially allowing the assessment of organ function. More recently a variety of novel, target-specific monocrydtalline iron oxides compounds have been used for receptor and immunospecific images. Future development of targeted MRI contrast agents is critical for organ- or tissue-specific quantitative and functional MRI.
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 507-512 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Aortic valvular insufficiency ; Blood flow quantification ; Grading ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Flow-encoded MRI sequences nowadays allow a quantitative evaluation of blood flow in any slice position. For the first time there is the possibility of determining quantitatively the volumes of both left ventricular ejection and regurgitation over the aortic valve in a non-invasive ways, thus obtaining the regurgitation fraction as a reliable measure for the evaluation of aortic valvular insufficiencies. The quantitative assessment of aortic valvular insufficiencies was carried out by MRI and compared with the diagnosis by means of Doppler ultrasound and in some cases by cardiac catheter also. The new MRI method is characterized by a good correlation with the clinical grading of aortic valvular insufficiencies. It should be possible to develop a new non-invasive standard for quantifying aortic valvular insufficiencies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 337-341 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Porencephalic cyst ; Cerebral hemiatrophy ; Ulegyria ; Post-traumatic infarction ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Whereport seven cases of porencephalic cyst associated with cerebral hemiatrophy. One case was due to an unknown prenatal factor. One case had maternal injury and shock, which presumably caused temporary fetal asphyxia. One case had perinatal asphyxia. The other four cases had infantile head injury; of these, two cases had serial follow-up computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that verified the evidence of post-traumatic infarction of the brain, and then caused porencephaly with cerebral hemiatrophy. In the other two cases, MRI clearly showed “ulegyria” on the side of the lesion, which is evidence of remote hypoxic ischemic damage. These cases lead us to believe that hypoxic ischemic damage of the brain is the etiology of porencephalic cyst when associated with cerebral hemiatrophy or when adjacent ulegyria is present.
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 513-519 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Ageing ; Brain, MRI studies ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract MRI contrast between white and grey matter appears to be higher in young normal subjects than in older patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible relationships between these changes in contrast and ageing. It consisted of two parts. In the first part we retrospectively evaluated 140 MRI brain examinations of healthy subjects, 20 per decade (age range 20–90 years), in whom the contrast was subjectively scored. In the second part we prospectively measured the actual T1, spin density (SD) and T2 values of white and grey matter in another 22 healthy subjects (age range 20–80 years). In the first group of subjects a progressive decrease in white/grey matter contrast was observed with ageing. In the second group of subjects the T1, SD and T2 values of white matter were always shorter than those of grey matter. There is a close relation among T1, SD and T2 values of white and grey matter with ageing. We suggest that there is a progressive loss of white/grey matter contrast with ageing. Such a phenomenon is possibly due to an increased water content in the white matter and the progressive neuronal loss in the grey matter that occurs with age.
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Computed tomography ; Intracranial tuberculoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The appearances of intracranial tuberculoma on CT and MRI are described. Eight patients (6 males and 2 females) with intracranial tuberculomas studied over the past 4 years are presented. Four patients had AIDS and among the four non-AIDS patients 1 had undergone hepatic transplantation. All the cases were studied with CT and 6 underwent MRI. Five lesions were infratentorial, and 2 patients had double lesions. In 2 patients obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus was present. No patient had meningeal involvement. The stage of evolution was cerebritis in 1 case, incipient tuberculoma in 3 cases, mature tuberculoma in 1 case and tuberculous abscess in 5 cases. Diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma was determined histologically in 5 patients and by good response to specific therapy in the remaining patients. Although CT allows differentiation between incipient and mature tuberculoma, MRI allows a better determination of the evolutonary stage. In most cases combined CT and MRI examinations provide an accurate diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal glands ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast media
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Nineteen patients with adrenal masses (9 metastases and 10 adenomas) were studied with magnetic resonance spin-echo sequences and with dynamic perfusion with gradient-echo (GE) sequences after gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid injection. In studies following Gd-DTPA injection, sequential imaging during suspended respiration was obtained. Signal intensities of adrenal masses and retroperitonel fat were measured in the region of interest. The relative signal intensities of lesion and fat were determined and compared in dynamic contrast-enhanced studies. Results were tabulated and plotted in diagrams as a function of time. Sixteen lesions out of 19 were correctly classified by means of SE sequences, with an 84% diagnostic accuracy, whereas 18 out of 19 lesions were characterized by means of GE sequences, with a 95% accuracy. In the dynamic study, adenomas showed mild enhancement and quicker washout than metastases which, in turn, showed a strong enhancement and a much slower washout. The most significant values were obtained in scans taken after 10 min, where adenomas showed signal to lesion/signal to fat values lower than 1.1, whereas metastases showed much higher values in all cases.
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 258-260 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Myxoma ; Neoplasm ; Muscle tissue ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 58-year-old woman with a large intramuscular myxoma of the left thigh was studied with standard X-rays, ultrasonography, CT, MRI and incisional biopsy. MRI provided the most complete information, giving sufficient data for a correct therapeutic approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Avascular necrosis ; Bone marrow oedema ; Hip ; Histology ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Bone marrow oedema syndrome (BMOS) of the hip includes severe hip joint pain, focal loss of radiodensity in radiographs, increased uptake in bone scintigrams and the pattern of bone marrow oedema in the femoral heads in MRI scans. In 15 patients (16 hip joints) we found the clinical and radiological signs of BMOS. On T1-weighted MRI images areas of low signal intensity could be observed in the head, neck and the intertrochanteric region of the femur in various extensions. These areas showed a significant increase in signal intensity on the T2-weighted images. Because pain was resistant to conservative therapy all these patients were treated by core decompression of the femoral head in a prospective study. Bone cores were evaluated histologically using undecalcified sections and quantitative microradiography. The existence of intramedullary oedema in exactly the regions exhibiting the MRI pattern of bone marrow oedema was verified histologically; however, bone and marrow changes similar to those of early avascular necrosis (AVN) were also visible. These findings support our assumption that BMOS might be a transitory initial phase of AVN. Therefore core decompression treatment for patients suffering pain from BMOS is recommended after excluding other diseases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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