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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 102-108 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Oral ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Proliferation ; Apoptosis ; Tumour suppressor gene ; Oncogene ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tumour progression is characterised by an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The aim of our study was to estimate the importance of proliferation and apoptosis associated parameters in primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral cavity and oropharynx. For determination of apoptosis, the enzymatic labelling of DNA fragmentation with a terminal transferase reaction was used in 156 tissue samples of 107 patients, including corresponding lymph-node metastases in nine cases. P53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 were determined immunohistologically. P53 was detectable in 50.5% of the cases. Positive staining was associated significantly with decreased apoptosis (P〈0.003). Bcl-2 was upregulated in 31.8% of the cases depending on the tumour grading (P〈0.001) and correlated negatively with apoptosis (P〈0.001). Proliferation (P〈0.006) and apoptosis (P〈0.03) were enhanced in larger tumours, though a direct correlation between these two parameters was not proven. Nevertheless, in contrast to the conventional tumour staging and grading, neither the expression of p53 or bcl-2 nor the apoptosis or Ki-67 measurements were able to predict survival or recurrence-free survival of the patients suffering from a SCC in the oral cavity or oropharynx. Our observations suggest that the function of wild-type p53 to induce apoptosis is lost in at least half of the SCCs under study and that the physiological function of bcl-2 as potent inhibitor of apoptosis is widely preserved in oral SCC.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words CD44 ; Adhesion molecules ; Prognosis ; Soft tissue sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recent studies have shown that expression of alternatively splicing variants of CD44 is correlated with prognosis for several kinds of malignant tumors. However, little is known about the expression of CD44 standard and variant isoforms in soft tissue sarcomas. In this study 47 cases of soft tissue sarcoma [18 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs), 13 synovial sarcomas (SSs), 7 malignant schwannomas (MSs), and 9 liposarcomas (LSs)] were examined immunohistochemically. The monoclonal antibodies to the standard form of CD44 (CD44H) and variant exons of CD44v3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and v10 were used. We analyzed the membranous expression pattern of CD44H and CD44 variant exons and assessed the relation between expression of CD44s and metastasis-free survival rates (MFSR) of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. A few sarcomas expressed CD44v3 (2/47) and v7 (2/47), but none of the sarcomas expressed CD44v10. CD44v4 (5/47), v5 (4/47), v6 (10/47), and v9 (9/47) are relatively common types of variant isoforms in soft tissue sarcomas. Expression of CD44v6 is more frequently detected in high-grade than in low-grade tumors. CD44v6 or CD44v9 expression was correlated with metastasis-free survival of patients with soft tissue sarcomas.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords AgNORs ; Standardised AgNOR analysis ; Parathyroid tumour ; Proliferation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Prediction of evolution of secondary hyperplasia and tumours of the parathyroid glands is still a problem in histopathology. To assess whether the quantity of silver-stained nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) proteins might be used as a prognostic tool in parathyroid pathology, a standardised AgNOR analysis has been performed on 19 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism (PH), 8 cases of adenoma (PA) and 10 cases of carcinoma (PC). Clinico-pathological data and follow-up information were available. On formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections, the visualisation and quantification of AgNORs were achieved according to the 1995 guidelines of the Committee on AgNOR Quantification. Then, the mean area (square micrometres) of AgNORs per nucleus (NORA) was evaluated by means of an image analyser and specific softwares. After testing the normal distribution of NORA values, statistical parametric tests were utilised; Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate analyses were also performed. In parathyroid lesions, a progressive increase of mean NORA values was observed from PH (2.895 µm2; SE 0.171) through PA (3.638 µm2; SE 0.125) to PC (4.701 µm2; SE 0.179); these differences were highly significant (P〈0.001), although some degree of overlap was found among single NORA values. A significantly higher mean NORA value was revealed in PC with distant metastases than was noted in cases with no current clinical evidence of disease progression. Furthermore, a significantly (P〈0.001) higher mean NORA value was encountered in the group of PH with recurrences (3.600 µm2; SE 0.106) than in nonrecurrent PH (2.261 µm2; SE 0.087). Multivariate analyses indicated that the NORA value was an independent prognostic parameter determining the risk of recurrence in PH. We suggest that AgNOR quantity may be a promising additional tool for predicting the biological behaviour of parathyroid lesions.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords Monoclonal antibody ; Lymphoma ; Myeloma ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A new monoclonal antibody, Wue-1, which specifically recognizes normal and malignant plasma cells, is characterized. Biochemical studies showed that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognize a protein of 94 kDa. Using triple-staining flow cytometry and double-labeling immunohistochemical techniques, two populations of plasma cells, i.e. lymphoplasmocytoid plasma cells located in the germinal center of lymphoid organs and reticular plasma cells at the paracortex or medullary cords of secondary lymphoid tissues, were distinguished. Wue-1 is expressed when B-cell markers become lost and secretory activity with plasma cell morphology appears. Cell surface markers were identified on normal plasma cells and compared with their malignant counterpart in vivo. Terminal plasma–cellular differentiation of malignant low- and high-grade B-cell lymphoma and anaplastic plasmacytoma, otherwise difficult to identify with conventional B-cell markers on tissue sections or fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses, were detectable by Wue-1. In cell culture, Wue-1 enhanced the proliferation of myeloma cell lines but not normal plasma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Since Wue-1-induced proliferation was increased by interleukin (IL)-6, Wue-1 recognizes a so far unidentified antigen with functional properties. Therefore, Wue-1 represents a useful new tool for therapy and for the in vivo and in vitro studying of B-cell lymphomas and the mechanisms of B-cell differentiation.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 14 (2000), S. 340-345 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Akut ; Behandlungsmodell ; Chronisch ; Langzeitbetreuung ; Muskuloskelettaler Schmerz ; Rheuma ; Schmerzverstärkung ; Therapie ; Keywords Acute ; Chronic ; Long-term therapy ; Musculosceletal pain ; Pain enhancement ; Rheumatic disease ; Therapy ; Treatment model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. In paediatrics, numerous diseases present with the leading symptome of muscular, articular, or bone-related pain. The pain as such is seldom diagnostic with regard to pain etiology. Regularly, the significance of inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory pain is underestimated. Classification of musculosceletal diseases. We present 4 case reports, illustrating the classification of musculosceletal diseases into 4 main groups, being the basis for the modelling of disease, and pain treatment. Therapy. Pain therapy is either symptomatic or based on specific pathophysiology. Pain therapy consists of the moduls analgesics, antiphlogistics, physiotherapy, psychosocial support, and complementary therapies. We give advice on differential therapy. A transparent team-oriented concept comprising physicians, physiotherapists, ergotherapists, psychologists, and social workers is the basis for any successful long-term therapy. Regular outpatient visits in consent with the family doctor are mandatory as are education and treatment periods on ward. We encourage our patients to join formal self-supportive patient groups.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund. Eine Vielfalt an Grunderkrankungen präsentiert sich im Kindesalter mit Schmerzen des Bewegungsapparats als Leit- oder Begleitsymptom. Die Schmerzäußerung allein lässt nur selten eine sichere ätiologische Differenzierung zu. Entzündliche sowie nichtentzündliche muskuloskelettale Beschwerden werden regelmäßig in ihrer Bedeutung unterschätzt. Hauptgruppen muskuloskelettaler Erkrankungen. Anhand von Fallbeispielen unterschiedlicher Schmerzcharakteristik und Begleitsymptomatik stellen wir 4 Hauptgruppen muskuloskelettaler Erkrankungen vor. Diese Einteilung ist Grundlage der Entwicklung von Krankheits- und Behandlungsmodellen des Schmerzes. Therapie. Die Schmerztherapie ist teils symptomatisch, teils pathophysiologisch begründet, und besteht aus den Therapiemodulen Analgetika, antiinflammatorische Therapie, Krankengymnastik, psychosoziale Begleitung und komplementäre Therapien. Hinweise für die Differenzialtherapie werden angegeben. Ein für alle Beteiligten transparentes teamorientiertes Konzept mit der Einbindung von Ärzten, Krankengymnasten, Ergotherapeuten, Psychologen und Sozialarbeitern hat sich als Grundlage einer erfolgreichen Langzeitbetreuung erwiesen. Wichtig sind regelmäßige ambulante Kontakte in Absprache mit dem Hausarzt, ggf. Schulungen und stationäre Aufenthalte. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Selbsthilfegruppen hat sich innerhalb eines solchen Therapieplans erfolgreich etabliert.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ; von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease deficiency ; Autosomal recessive inheritance ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A child with chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP/HUS) had recurrent thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with fragmented erythrocytes, microthrombi in the lung vessels, and renal dysfunction. Assay of von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving protease showed a complete protease deficiency in the patient and subnormal activities in the mother and in two asymptomatic siblings. No inhibitor of vWF-cleaving protease was detected in the patient’s plasma. Periodic transfusions of fresh-frozen plasma prevented further acute episodes of TTP/HUS. Specific diagnosis of the constitutional deficiency of vWF-cleaving protease helps to provide successful prophylactic therapy.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Apoptose ; Proliferation ; Hämatopoetischer Zellumsatz ; Topoisomerase II α ; PCNA ; Chronische myeloproliferative Erkrankungen ; Prognose ; Reaktive Läsionen ; Key words Apoptosis ; Proliferation ; Hematopoietic turnover index ; Topoisomerase II α ; PCNA ; Chronic myeloproliferative disorders ; Prognosis ; Reactive lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Apoptosis and proliferation are important regulators of normal development and homeostasis in the bone marrow. Therefore, dynamics of hematopoiesis is mainly defined by these two parameters. However, since only few data are available from previous studies, we performed a retrospective analysis to elucidate some aspects of this complex pathomechanism. A total of 400 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) and corresponding reactive bone marrow lesions were enrolled into this study. Apoptosis was detected in bone marrow tissue by the ISEL-technique and topoisomerase II α expression was demonstrated by the monoclonal antibody Ki-S1. Furthermore, by determination of the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen labeling (PCNA) index, we were able to calculate the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, because both nuclear antigens are expressed in different phases of the cell cycle. Patients with IMF, PV, and ET revealed a normal range of apoptosis, whereas in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) a significant increase could be observed. On the other hand, IMF and PV were characterized by a raised proliferative activity. Dynamics of hematopoiesis was assessed by calculation of the so called hematopoietic turnover index. In CML and reactive lesions no alterations of this parameter were detectable, but IMF and PV showed a significant increase. Survival analysis disclosed a relevant worsening of life expectancy for patients with reduced apoptosis and proliferation. In conclusion, our in-situ results confirm and extend previous experimental data on hematopoietic cell kinetics. In this context, a greater regenerative capacity of hematopoiesis may be reflected by an increased rate of apoptosis and/or proliferation and therefore is associated with a more favorable outcome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Apoptose und Proliferation stellen im Rahmen einer funktionsgerechten Regelung der Hämatopoese einen integralen Bestandteil für die Aufrechterhaltung des zellulären Gleichgewichts im Knochenmark dar. Insofern ist die Dynamik des hämatopoetischen Zellumsatzes durch diese beiden Parameter gekennzeichnet. Da weiterführende Untersuchungen in dieser Hinsicht lediglich vereinzelt am Knochenmark durchgeführt worden sind, haben wir im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse versucht, einige Aspekte dieses komplexen Mechanismus zu beleuchten. Insgesamt wurden 400 Patienten mit chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen (CMPE) sowie korrespondierenden reaktiven Veränderungen in die Untersuchung aufgenommen. Neben dem direkten Nachweis der Apoptose im Knochenmark durch die ISEL-Technik haben wir die Topoisomerase II α Expression mittels des monoklonalen Antikörpers Ki-S1 gemessen. Zusätzlich konnten wir durch die Bestimmung der PCNA-Markierung aufgrund der Zellzyklus-spezifischen Färbereaktion beider nukleärer Antigene den Anteil der in G2-/M-Phase befindlichen Zellen ermitteln. Während die IMF, die PV sowie die ET eine im Normbereich liegende Apoptoserate erkennen ließen, war dieser Wert bei der CML signifikant erhöht. Auf der anderen Seite wiesen IMF und PV eine deutlich gesteigerte proliferative Aktivität im Knochenmark auf. Bei der Berechnung eines hämatopoetischen Zellumsatz Index (HZI) zeigten diese beiden CMPE-Subtypen einen signifikanten Anstieg, wohingegen bei der CML sowie den reaktiven Läsionen keine relevante Verschiebung dieses Parameters festzustellen war. Im Rahmen prognostischer Analysen hatten IMF und PV Patienten mit reduzierter Proliferation und Apoptoserate jeweils eine signifikant kürzere Überlebenszeit. Unsere in-situ Ergebnisse erweitern und bestätigen vorausgegangene experimentelle Studien zur hämatopoetischen Zellkinetik. Darüber hinaus lassen sich aus unseren Daten prognostische Überlegungen ableiten, da insbesondere bei der PV und IMF Apoptose und Proliferation signifikanten Einfluß auf das Überleben der Patienten hatten. In diesem Zusammenhang spiegelt eine vermehrte Apoptose- und Proliferationsrate im Knochenmark offenbar eine größere regenerative Kapazität der Hämatopoese wieder und könnte daher für einen günstigeren Verlauf verantwortlich gemacht werden.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 21 (2000), S. 456-459 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Undifferenziertes kleinzelliges Hepatoblastom ; Immunhistochemie ; Keywords Undifferentiated small-cell hepatoblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Undifferentiated small-cell hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare malignant tumor of childhood. The cell of origin is supposed to be a pluripotential, probably entodermal, stem-cell. Differential diagnosis of this type of HB is difficult among the group of small round and blue cell malignant tumors of children. The immunohistochemically determined coexpression of cytokeratin 8, 18, and 19 and of vimentin and actin, regularly in the absence of α-fetoprotein expression may be diagnostically helpful. We present the case of an undifferentiated small-cell HB of a 15-month-old girl with agenesis of the right kidney. As morphological peculiarity the tumor presented disseminated histiocytic giant cells.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Undifferenzierte kleinzellige Hepatoblastome (HB) zählen zu den seltenen malignen Tumoren der Leber im Kindesalter. Da der Tumor in der Regel kein α-Fetoprotein exprimiert, ist der Nachweis von Zytokeratin 8, 18 und 19 sowie Vimentin und Aktin diagnostisch wegweisend. Als Ausgangszelle wird eine pluripotente, wohl entodermale Stammzelle vermutet. In der Gruppe der klein-, rund- und blauzelligen malignen Tumoren des Kindesalters bietet diese Variante des HB differenzialdiagnostische Schwierigkeiten. Wir berichten über ein undifferenziertes kleinzelliges HB eines 15 Monate alten weiblichen Kleinkindes mit Agenesie der rechten Niere. Als morphologische Besonderheit des Tumors werden disseminierte histiozytäre Riesenzellen beschrieben.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gastrointestinaltrakt ; Karzinoid ; Neuroendokrine Tumoren ; DNA-Zytophotometrie ; Prognose ; Key words Gastrointestinal tract ; Carcinoid ; Neuroendocrine tumors ; DNA cytophotometry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A total of 123 manifestations (97 primary tumours and 26 metastases) of neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract observed in 95 patients was investigated for the prognostic value of clinical, histological and DNA cytophotometric parameters. Metastases almost exclusively occurred among ileal carcinoids, which also were responsible for all 14 cases of lethal outcome observed during the follow-up period of mean 42 months. Aneuploid DNA values could be determined significantly more frequently among ileal than in non-ileal carcinoids and showed – upon analysis of the total group of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours – a significant correlation to lethal course of disease. In addition, among 18 cases with primary and secondary carcinoid manifestations available for DNA cytophotometry, an association between the DNA content of metastatic neuroendocrine tumours and prognosis came to light. When applicated to the group of ileal neoplasms, however, the parameter DNA content did not allow a better prognostic assessment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden 123 Manifestationen (97 Primärtumoren und 26 Metastasen) von bei 95 Patienten beobachteten neuroendokrinen (NE-)Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltrakts auf die prognostische Bedeutung verschiedener klinischer, histologischer und DNA-zytophotometrischer Parameter. Metastasen traten fast ausschließlich bei ilealen Karzinoiden auf, denen auch sämtliche 14 während der durchschnittlichen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 42 Monaten aufgetretenen letalen Erkrankungsverläufe zuzuordnen waren. Aneuploide DNA-Verteilungsmuster wurden signifikant häufiger bei ilealen als bei nichtilealen Karzinoiden angetroffen und waren – bezogen auf die Gesamtgruppe – signifikant mit tödlichem Krankheitsausgang korreliert. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich bei 18 Fällen mit DNA-zytophotometrisch auswertbaren primären und sekundären Karzinoidmanifestationen eine Assoziation zwischen dem DNA-Histogrammtyp metastatischer Karzinoide und der Prognose. Innerhalb der Gruppe der Ileumtumoren erlaubte der Parameter DNA-Gehalt aber keine Verbesserung der Prognoseabschätzung.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 48-52 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; p53 protein ; WAF1 protein ; Lung cancer ; Prognosis ; AbbreviationsNSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer ; RR relative risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: p21WAF1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is an important mediator of the cell-cycle arrest and tumor suppression induced by the protein p53. Although alterations of the p53 gene and its overexpression are frequent in most malignancies, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and may be associated with poor patient prognosis, the clinical utility of p21WAF1 expression in NSCLC has not been established. Methods: We have used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for p21WAF1 to test soluble extracts of 54 NSCLC specimens with known clinicopathological properties. Results: There was no correlation between p21WAF1 and p53 concentrations, the latter being determined by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay developed in-house. Furthermore, p21WAF1 levels were not associated with patient age, tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade or type, or smoking history, in Mann-Whitney analysis. χ2-tests, based on cutoffs equal to the 25th, 50th, or 75th percentiles of the p21WAF1 distribution, similarly did not reveal any statistically significant associations between p21WAF1 and other clinicopathological variables. Because of the small number of patients and the median follow-up of only 18 months, a meaningful survival analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: In summary, this preliminary study suggests that ELISA-quantified p21WAF1 levels in NSCLC extracts are weaker than p53 in terms of prognostic value and do not contribute to the further subclassification of patients.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words erbB-3 ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Survival ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background/aims: The family of erbB receptors includes four transmembrane glycoproteins with tyrosine kinase activity. These receptors are widely expressed in normal tissues, but they also have been implicated in the development of several human adenocarcinomas. c-erbB-3/HER-3 has been detected to a greater or lesser extent in many tissues from the digestive, urinary, reproductive and respiratory tracts. The overexpression of c-erbB-3/HER-3 protein has also been shown in 53%–88% of colorectal adenocarcinomas. In this study we investigated the expression of the c-erbB-3/HER-3 gene product in colorectal tumour samples, and compared the results obtained with several clinicopathological parameters, including the survival of patients. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were analysed immunohistochemically, using monoclonal antibody RTJ1 to human erbB-3 protein. Antibody RTJ1 specificity was confirmed by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting analysis. Amplification of the erbB-3 oncogene was tested by dot-blot hybridization. Results: Adenocarcinomas of the colon were positive for erbB-3 protein in 78% of samples examined. Dot-blot analysis showed no amplification of the erbB-3 gene in colon adenocarcinomas. Statistical analysis showed that patients with tumours that could not be stained for erbB-3 protein survived significantly longer (P 〈 0.05) than patients with tumours staining positive for the erbB-3 protein. A Cox proportional-hazards model with stepwise variable selection identified age, sex and erbB-3 expression as important prognostic factors. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that erbB-3 protein expression could serve as a prognostic factor in colorectal malignancies.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Inkontinenz ; Rectumcarcinom ; Manometrie ; Prognose ; Anus. ; Keywords: Incontinence ; Rectal cancer ; Anorectal manometry ; Prognosis ; Anus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Aim: To determine clinical and physiologic parameters enabling the prognosis of continence after protective ileostomy closure secondary to rectal resection for rectal cancer. Method: Patients who had undergone rectal resection (n = 65, of whom 24 had had radiochemotherapy) were evaluated by clinical examination, anorectal manometry and orthograde contrast enema before ileostomy closure. Continence was evaluated by clinical findings 91 ± 52 weeks after stoma closure with the help of standardized questionaires and classified according to the Wexner continence score. The relationship between findings before stoma closure and continence score was calculated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Correlations were found to be significant between the continence score and the level of anastomosis (r = –0.58, p 〈 0.001), median resting pressure (r = –0.52, p 〈 0.001), rectal compliance (r = –0.43, p 〈 0.001). Additionally, radiochemotherapy impairs continence (p = 0.0001). Correlations were not significant between continence and functional sphincter length, squeeze pressure, threshold for perception, urge and maximal tolerable volume, and continence for semiliquid contrast medium. Conclusion: Incontinence after rectum resection is multifactorial: the level of anastomosis, resting pressure, rectal compliance and radiochemotherapy all play a dominant role. Based on these findings, the continence score can be calculated before closure of a diverting ileostomy by applying multivariate analysis with the help of the following formula: Continence score = 18.23–0.94 · level of anastomosis – 0.18 · resting pressure + 3.72 · radiochemotherapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Ziel dieser Studie war eine Evaluation von klinischen und physiologischen Parametern zur Vorhersage des Kontinenzgrades nach Rückverlagerung der protektiven Loop-Ileostomie nach Rectumresektion wegen eines Carcinoms. Methode: 65 Patienten wurden klinisch mittels anorectaler Manometrie und orthograder Röntgenkontrastmitteldarstellung vor der Ileostomieresektion untersucht. Bei 24 Patienten war eine Radiochemotherapie durchgeführt worden. Der klinische Status wurden 91 ± 52 Wochen nach der Ileostomieresektion mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens erhoben und der Kontinenzgrad nach dem Wexner-Kontinenzscore bewertet. Der postoperative Kontinenzscore wurde mit den Befunden vor Stomarückverlagerung korreliert und ein Pearson-Korrelationskoeffizient berechnet. Ergebnisse: Es ergab sich eine signifikante Korrelation des Kontinenzgrades mit der Anastomosenhöhe (r = –0,58, p 〈 0,001), dem mittleren Ruhedruck (r = –0,52, p 〈 0,001) und der rectalen Compliance (r = –0,43, p = 0,001). Die Kontinenz war nach Radiochemotherapie schlechter (p = 0,0001). Es fand sich keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen Kontinenzgrad und funktioneller Sphincterlänge, Kneifdruck, Perceptionsschwelle, Drangschwelle, maximal tolerablem Volumen und Kontinenz für semiliquides Kontrastmittel. Schlußfolgerung: Inkontinenz nach Rectumresektion ist multifaktoriell. Anastomosenhöhe, mittlerer Ruhedruck, rectale Compliance und Radiochemotherapie (RCT) spielen eine dominante Rolle. Basierend auf diesen Befunden ist über die Berechnung einer multivariaten Regressionsanalyse eine Abschätzung des Kontinenzgrades vor Ileostomieresektion mit folgender Formel möglich: Prognose-Wexner-Score = 18,23–0,94 · Anastomosenhöhe – 0,18 · Ruhedruck + 3,72 · RCT.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Okuläres vernarbendes Pemphigoid ; Therapie ; Komplikationen ; Glaukom ; Key words Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid ; Therapy ; Complications ; Glaucoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by subepidermal blistering and progressive cicatrization affecting the skin and mucosa. Ocular involvement occurs in approximately 70% of the patients. Methods: The course of the disease, complications and putative risk factors in patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) treated at the Departments of Ophthalmology and Dermatology were analyzed retrospectively from 1986 to 1998. Results: Eighteen of 28 patients (64%) with CP demonstrated ocular involvement. The mean age of patients with OCP was 73 years; 61% were female. At the time of referral to our hospital, all patients had reached advanced stage III (83%) or IV (17%) of OCP. In 38% of patients vision was already reduced to 〈20/200 at first presentation. Twenty-eight percent of patients additionally suffered from glaucoma. Two patients exhibited life-threatening extraocular manifestations of CP (larynx stricture, esophagus stricture). Conjunctival or mucosal biopsies were performed in 15 patients with OCP and showed typical immunodeposits at the basement membrane zone in 12/15 patients. Therapy with dapsone (12 patients), oral steroids (11 patients), azathioprine (5 patients), cyclophosphamide (4 patients), colchicine (2 patients) and methotrexate (1 patient) was used concomitantly or consecutively. Complications of OCP including entropion, recurrent epithelial erosions, corneal ulcers, keratitis, and corneal perforations required multiple surgical interventions such as entropion surgery (8 patients), tarsorrhaphy (3 patients), mucous membrane grafting (1 patient), amniotic membrane transplantation (1 patient), tectonic keratoplasty (1 patient), keratoprosthesis (1 patient) and enucleation (1 patient). Despite control of the inflammatory process, further visual loss occurred in 53% of eyes. Reading visual acuity could only be maintained in 35% of eyes. Discussion: Early diagnosis and therapy can prevent ocular complications of OCP. This study indicates that advanced stages of the disease often result in irreversible visual loss despite institution of immunosuppressive therapy. Whether or not the high association of OCP with glaucoma and/or anti-glaucomatous treatment in our patients represents part of the underlying disease process or plays a role in the pathogenesis of OCP must still be clarified.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das vernarbende Pemphigoid (cicatricial pemphigoid, CP) ist eine seltene, mit subepidermaler Blasenbildung und Vernarbung einhergehende Autoimmunerkrankung, die sich an Haut und Schleimhaut manifestiert. Eine Augenbeteiligung liegt bei etwa 70% der Patienten vor. Methode: Retrospektiv wurden Krankheitsverlauf, klinische Komplikationen und mögliche Risikofaktoren von Patienten der Augen- und Hautklinik mit vernarbendem Pemphigoid von 1986–1998 untersucht. Ergebnisse: 18/28 Patienten (64%) mit CP hatten eine okuläre Beteiligung. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten mit okulärem vernarbendem Pemphigoid betrug 73 Jahre, 61% der Patienten waren weiblich. Bereits bei Erstvorstellung in unserer Klinik bestand bei allen Patienten ein Krankheitsstadium III (83%) oder IV (17%), mit einem Visus 〈0.1 in 38% der Augen. Bei 28% der Patienten wurde zusätzlich ein Glaukom diagnostiziert. Zwei Patienten zeigten eine lebensgefährliche extraokuläre Schleimhautbeteiligung (Larynx- bzw. Ösophagusstriktur). Bei 15 Patienten mit okulärem vernarbendem Pemphigoid wurde eine Bindehaut- bzw. Schleimhautbiopsie aus dem Mund oder Nasen-Rachen-Raum durchgeführt, welche die Verdachtsdiagnose bei 12/15 Patienten immunhistologisch sicherte. Eine Therapie mit Dapson (12 Patienten), oraler Kortikosteroidgabe (11 Patienten), Azathioprin (5 Patienten), Cyclophosphamid (4 Patienten), Colchizin (2 Patienten) und Methotrexat (1 Patient) wurde in Folge oder Kombination eingesetzt. Komplikationen wie Lidfehlstellungen, rezidivierende Epitheldefekte, Hornhautulzera, Keratitiden und Hornhaut-Perforationen erforderten multiple operative Eingriffe wie Entropium-Operation (8 Patienten), Tarsorrhaphie (3 Patienten), Kryoepilation (2 Patienten), Mundschleimhaut-Transplantat (1 Patient), Amniontransplantat (1 Patient), tektonische Keratoplastik (1 Patient), Keratoprothese (1 Patient) und Enukleation (1 Patient). Trotz befriedigender Kontrolle des okulären vernarbenden Pemphigoids kam es bei 53% der Augen zum weiteren Visusabfall. Ein Lesevisus konnte nur in 35% der Augen erhalten werden. Schlußfolgerung: Wahrscheinlich kann die Früherkennung und rechtzeitige Behandlung des okulären vernarbenden Pemphigoids okuläre Komplikationen verhindern. Diese Studie zeigt, daß trotz immunsuppressiver Therapie in Spätstadien häufig ein irreversibler Visusverlust resultiert. Es bleibt zu untersuchen, ob die auffällig hohe Assoziation von okulärem vernarbendem Pemphigoid zu Glaukom bzw. antiglaukomatöser Therapie in unserem Patientenkollektiv als Folge der Grunderkrankung oder als pathogenetischer Faktor zu werten ist.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Larynxkarzinom ; Sacculus laryngis ; Therapie ; Keywords Laryngeal carcinoma ; Sacculus laryngis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The case of a 60-year-old female patient with a supraglottic larynx carcinoma (T3N2CM0) and bilateral enlargement of the laryngeal sacculus is presented. On one side, the sacculus opened atypically into the left vestibular fold. The sacculus is a physiologic part of the roof of Morgagni's ventricle, the size of which can vary greatly. These canal-like structures can be the point of origin of cysts, laryngoceles, mucoceles, and pyoceles. Laryngoceles are present in about 5% of larynx carcinomas; their cause is not precisely known. Frequently, a computer tomogram suggests the coincidence of larynx carcinoma and laryngoceles or a large laryngeal sacculus. In oral panendoscopy, these ventricular distensions are difficult to detect even using 70° rigid endoscopes. A planned supraglottic partial resection must take into account early tumor growth along the preformed canals in the preepiglottic space. In this patient, a laryngectomy was performed due to the bilateral involvement of the vocal process and the anterior commissure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird der Fall einer 60-jährigen Patientin mit einem supraglottischen Larynxkarzinoms (T3 N2c M0) und beidseitiger Vergrößerung des Sacculus laryngis vorgestellt. Einseitig mündete der Sacculus untypisch auf der linken Taschenfalte. Der Sacculus laryngis ist eine physiologische Ausstülpung des Daches des Morgagni-Ventrikels, dessen Größe sehr variieren kann. Diese gangartigen Strukturen können Ausgangsort von Zysten, Laryngozelen, Mukozelen und von Pyozelen sein. In ca 5% von Larynxkarzinomen liegen Laryngozelen vor, wobei der disponierende Faktor nicht genau bekannt ist. Oftmals ist der Verdacht der Koinzidenz von Larynxkarzinom und Laryngozele oder großem Sacculus laryngis in der Computertomographie zu stellen. In der Panendoskopie sind diese Erweiterungen der Ventrikel auch mit starren Winkeloptiken schwer zu sehen. Bei geplanter supraglottischer Teilresektion muss man an ein frühes Tumorwachstum entlang der präformierten Gänge in den präepiglottischen Raum denken. Bei der Patientin wurde bei beidseitiger Beteiligung der Processus vocales und der vorderen Kommissur eine Laryngektomie durchgeführt.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wachstumshormon ; Kleinwuchs ; Therapie ; Demographie ; Pharmakoepidemiologie ; KIGS [Kabi] Pharmacia & Upjohn International Growth Study) ; Key words Growth hormone ; Short stature ; Therapy ; Demography ; Pharmaco-epidemiology ; KIGS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recombinant growth hormone (rGH) therapy in the treatment of children with short stature was introduced 10 years ago, and experience has shown that progress in implementing this mode of therapy depends increasingly on analyses of large pharmaco-epidemiological studies. These studies prove that the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency, whatever the cause or pathogenetic form, is the most frequent indication for GH therapy. The remaining problems are timely and precise diagnosis, and the best possible and individual therapy aiming at the projected height and taking safety and costs into account. We are closer to solving these problems today than ever before. Apart from this, the use of GH in treating short stature in Turner syndrome and renal insufficiency has led to its acceptance as a suitable therapy for these patients. Height improvement in a number of other growth disorders is, in certain cases, also possible through GH therapy. In the light of current experience, GH therapy can thus be attempted on a rational basis in individual cases. This form of treatment clearly holds wider possibilities and its implementation is likely to go beyond short stature in the future.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 10 Jahre nach der Einführung von rekombinantem Wachstumshormon (WH) in die Therapie kleinwüchsiger Kinder werden unsere Erfahrungen zunehmend auch durch Analyse umfangreicher pharmako-epidemiologischer Beobachtungen geprägt. Wachstumshormonmangel: Diese zeigen, daß der Wachstumshormonmangel in seinen unterschiedlichen Ursachen und pathogenetischen Erscheinungsformen nach wie vor die häufigste Indikation für WH darstellt. Die Probleme bestehen weiterhin in der rechtzeitigen und rationellen Diagnostik und in der Optimierung und Individualisierung der Therapie zum Erreichen der Wachstumsziele unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten und bei gleichzeitiger therapeutischer Sicherheit. Diese Probleme sind für den WH-Mangel heute lösbar. Weitere Indikationen: Ferner zeigt sich, daß auch der Kleinwuchs beim Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom und bei der Niereninsuffizienz, für welche WH zugelassen ist, erfolgreich behandelt werden kann. Bei einer Vielzahl anderer Wachstumsstörungen ist die Möglichkeit zur Größenverbesserung im Einzelfall gegeben. Vor dem Hintergrund heutiger Erfahrungen kann ein individueller Heilversuch so auf eine rationale Basis gestellt werden. Zukunftsperspektiven: In Zukunft wird das breite Wirkpotential von Wachstumshormon über die Indikation des Kleinwuchses hinaus ausgeschöpft werden.
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  • 16
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 475-478 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tufted Angioma ; Büschelartiges Hämangiom ; Kutane Tumoren ; Therapie ; Key words Tufted angioma ; Hemangioma ; Cutaneous tumor ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Case report: A 16-month-old girl was admitted with a 6-month history of multiple redishblue plaques on the right abdomen. These proved to have increased in size and number daturing a 1.5-year follow-up. Histologically (including histochemistry and electron microscopy), these skin changes were classified as tufted angioma. Tufted angioma is a rare, often multiple benign tumor. Half of the tumors reported develop in children 5 years and younger. The exclusion of malignant tumors (leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma) is important. A punch biopsy is not very traumatic. A subsequent histological examination is highly sensitive and specific. Therapy: There are a few active therapeutic options with rather severel side effects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fallbericht: Bei einem Mädchen im Alter von 16 Monaten traten seit einem halben Jahr am rechten Abdomen multiple, disseminierte rötliche bis bläulich-bräunliche infiltrierte Plaques auf, die innerhalb des 1,5-jährigen Beobachtungszeitraums weiter an Größe und Anzahl zunahmen. Mittels konventioneller Histologie, Immunhistologie und Elektronenmikroskopie sicherten wird die Diagnose eines Tufted Angioma. Das Tufted Angioma ist ein sehr seltener, häufig multipel vorkommender Tumor gutartigen Charakters. Die Hälfte der berichteten Tumoren entwickelte sich innerhalb der ersten 5 Lebensjahre. Deshalb ist der differenzialdiagnostische Ausschluss eines malignen Geschehens (Leukämie, Lymphome, Neuroblastom) von außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Hierzu ist eine Stanzbiopsie ideal geeignet, da sie einfach durchführbar und nur gering traumatisch ist. Die nachfolgende Histologie hat eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität. Therapie: Die aktiven therapeutischen Möglichkeiten müssen eher als eingeschränkt und nebenwirkungsreich gewertet werden. Eine spontane Rückbildung ist möglich.
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  • 17
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    Der Urologe 39 (2000), S. 539-541 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Interstitielle Zystitis ; Blasendehnung ; Hydrodistension ; Blasentraining ; Keywords Interstitial cystitis ; Bladder distension ; Bladder training ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Although hydrodistension of the bladder is generally considered standard therapy for interstitial cystitis, scientific data are largely lacking. With the mechanism of action unknown, prospective studies non-existent and the therapeutic effect at best very short-lived, hydrodistension cannot be regarded as a therapeutic standard concept with scientifically validated efficacy. The value of behavioral therapy and bladder training is equally unclear; success can only be anticipated in the very rare subset of patients without pain.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Obwohl die Hydrodistension der Harnblase ein häufig angewendetes Konzept in der Behandlung der intestitiellen Zystitis (IC) darstellt, ist die wissenschaftliche Datenlage zur therapeutischen Blasendehnung spärlich. Bei ungeklärtem Wirkungsmechanismus, fehlenden prospektiven und kontrollierten Studien und bestenfalls kurzfristiger Effektivität kann die Hydrodistension nicht als therapeutisches Standardkonzept mit wissenschaftlich nachgewiesenem Behandlungserfolg angesehen werden und besitzt eher den Stellenwert eines Heilversuchs. Die Wertigkeit von Blasentraining oder ähnlichen Miktonsverhaltensmodifikationen bei der IC bleibt ebenfalls unklar, ein gewisser Effekt kann allenfalls für die vergleichsweise kleine Untergruppe von IC-Patienten ohne Schmerzkomponente erwartet werden.
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  • 18
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    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 34-42 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Erworbene Hemmkörperhämophilie ; spontane Faktor-VIII-Inhibitoren ; spontane Faktor-IX-Inhibitoren ; Diagnose ; Therapie ; Key words ; Acquired haemophilia ; Spontaneous factor VIII inhibitors ; Spontaneous factor IX inhibitors ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Although autoantibodies against factor VIII or factor IX are a rare phenomenon, they are associated with a high risk of bleeding and high mortality. The condition, termed ac- quired haemophilia, occurs equally in both sexes and is most frequent in higher age groups. Patients typically present with severe bleedings in muscles and skin. In contrast to patients with congenital haemophilia and inhibitors, joint bleedings are very rare. In approximately half of all cases an associated disease state can be identified as the cause of autoantibody formation. An immediate and comprehensive diagnosis is essential for a rapid initiation of therapy. Equally important are a careful diagnostic differentiation between congenital and acquired factor deficiencies and the exclusion of non-specific inhibitors, which increase the occurrence of thrombolic events. The inhibitor titre, quantified using the Bethesda assay, is an important criterion for selecting the appropriate therapy. A wide range of treatment options is now available for the management of bleedings in patients with acquired haemophilia, namely porcine factor VIII, recombinant factor VIIa, prothrombin complex concentrates, and immunoadsorptions. In addition, immunosuppressive therapies are used to achieve permanent reduction or elimination of inhibitors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Autoantikörper gegen Faktor VIII oder Faktor IX sind ein zwar seltenes, aber mit hohem Blutungsrisiko und hoher Letalität verbundenes Phänomen. Diese als erworbene Hemmkörperhämophilie bezeichnete Erkrankung kommt bei beiden Geschlechtern gleich häufig vor und tritt gehäuft im hohen Lebensalter auf. Die Patienten fallen klinisch v. a. durch schwere Blutungen in Muskeln und Haut auf, wogegen Gelenkeinblutungen – im Gegensatz zur angeborenen Hämophilie mit Hemmkörpern – sehr selten auftreten. In etwa der Hälfte der Fälle kann eine assoziierte Grunderkrankung als Auslöser der Autoantikörperbildung identifiziert werden. Eine rasche und umfassende Diagnostik ist entscheidend für einen schnellen Therapiebeginn. Ebenso bedeutend ist eine sorgfältige differentialdiagnostische Abgrenzung gegen einen angeborenen oder erworbenen Faktorenmangel sowie der Ausschluß unspezifischer Inhibitoren, die vermehrt zu Thrombosen führen können. Wichtig für die Auswahl der geeigneten Therapieform ist der Inhibitortiter, gemessen im Bethesda-Assay. Für die Blutstillungstherapie steht heute mit porcinem Faktor VIII, rekombinantem Faktor VIIa, Prothrombinkomplexpräparaten und Immunadsorptionen ein breites Spektrum an Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Für eine dauerhafte Reduktion bzw. Elimination der Autoantikörper finden immunsuppressive Therapien Anwendung.
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  • 19
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    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 788-809 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rechtsherzfunktion ; Störung ; Ätiologie ; Pathophysiologie Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Keywords Impaired right ventricular function ; RV failure ; Diagnosis ; Monitoring ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Impaired right ventricular (RV) function may be caused by pulmonary hypertension or myocardial ischemia. It is characterized by a dilation of the RV, which is followed by an increase of wall tension and O2-consumption and a decrease of RV ejection fraction (RV ‘dysfunction’). If a drop of arterial pressure occurs this my precipitate RV failure and shock (RV ‘insufficiency’). Diagnosis of RV failure and monitoring of RV function is difficult. Sometimes, even a severe impairment of RV function goes undetected or is misinterpreted. Patients in the operating room or on intensive care units seem to be especially prone to RV dysfunction and failure. Since a causative therapy often is not readily available, adequate symptomatic therapy is of utmost importance. Four basic principles have to be considered: 1) Optimizing preload: The failing RV requires adequate filling for preservation of stroke volume. On the other hand, overdistension of the RV may result in RV ischemia, thereby further deteriorating RV function Hence, volume loading is important, but requires continuous monitoring. 2) Maintenance of aortic pressure: Vasopressors are indicated if there is a critical drop of coronary perfusion pressure. Norepinephrine presently is the drug of choice for this purpose. 3) Reduction of RV afterload: Whereas intravenous vasodilators are limited in their efficacy in dilating pulmonary vessels due to systemic side effects, inhaled vasodilators result in selective pulmonary vasodilation and may improve RV function. 4) Increase of RV contractility: In RV failure and shock, norepinephrine and epinephrine are the drugs of choice. Inodilators are well suited for reducing pulmonary vascular resistance due to their positive inotropic and vasodilating effects. Since systemic vasodilation may occur, these drugs must only be used in hemodynamically stable patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Störung der Rechtsherzfunktion entsteht meist als Folge einer pulmonalen Hypertension, seltener bei primärer Myokardischämie. Sie ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Dilatation des rechten Ventrikels mit Anstieg von Wandspannung und Sauerstoffverbrauch bei reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion (“Dysfunktion”). Kommt es zum Abfall von arteriellem Druck und koronarem Perfusionsdruck, kann dies ein Rechtsherzversagen mit Schock auslösen (“Insuffizienz”). Diagnostik und Monitoring des rechten Ventrikels sind schwierig. Selbst eine schwere Beeinträchtigung der rechtsventrikulären Pumpfunktion bleibt daher häufig unbemerkt oder wird fehlgedeutet. Patienten in der perioperativen Phase und auf Intensivstationen scheinen besonders häufig von dem Krankheitsbild betroffen zu sein. Da eine kausale Therapie des akuten Rechtsherzversagens nur selten möglich ist, kommt der symptomatischen Therapie besondere Bedeutung zu. Sie stützt sich auf vier Prinzipien: 1) Optimierung der Vorlast: Der insuffiziente rechte Ventrikel benötigt zur Aufrechterhaltung seines Schlagvolumens ein gute Füllung. Andererseits kann eine Überdehnung des rechten Ventrikels eine Myokardischämie induzieren und seine Funktion weiter verschlechtern. Eine adäquate Volumentherapie ist daher essenziell, muss jedoch unter engmaschigem hämodynamischem Monitoring erfolgen. 2) Aufrechterhaltung des Aortendrucks: Bei kritischem Abfall des arteriellen Drucks ist die Gabe von Vasopressoren indiziert, um den rechtskoronaren Perfusionsdruck zu erhöhen. Noradrenalin gilt derzeit wegen seiner zusätzlich positiv inotropen Wirkung als Mittel der Wahl. 3) Verminderung der rechtsventrikulären Nachlast: Während sich intravenöse Vasodilatatoren wegen systemischer Nebenwirkungen nur bedingt zur Therapie der pulmonalen Hypertension eignen, dilatieren inhalierte Vasodilatatoren die pulmonale Strombahn selektiv und verbessern so die Pumpfunktion des rechten Ventrikels. 4) Steigerung der rechtsventrikulären Kontraktilität: Mittel der Wahl bei Dekompensation und Schock sind Noradrenalin und Adrenalin. Inodilatatoren weisen neben einer positiv inotropen auch eine pulmonal vasodilatierende Wirkung auf und eignen sich daher ebenfalls zur Therapie der rechtsventrikulären Dysfunktion. Sie sollten jedoch wegen der damit verbundenen systemischen Vasodilatation nur bei kreislaufstabilen Patienten eingesetzt werden.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 332-339 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädelhirntrauma ; zerebrale Hypoxie ; Diagnose ; Therapie ; Key words Brain damage ; Cerebral hypoxie ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The main reason for posttraumatic secondary brain damage is cerebral hypoxia. Both, severity and duration of hypoxia are crucial in determining wether irreversible cerebral infarction will occur or not. For the clinical routine, the diagnosis of hypoxia is indirectly made by low CPP, low jugularvenous oxygen saturation (SjO2) or low tissue PO2. To minimize misleading false negative SjO2, the CT-Approach for the side of monitorig and calculation of arterial-jugularvenous lactate content for detection of anaerobic metabolism is recommended. Targeted treatment of hypoxia according to the underlying cause is mandatory. Primary goal is to increase cellular oxygen delivery by correction of low arterial oxygen content and elevation of regional CBF. Within the autoregulatory range decreasing CPP causes vasodilation and increasing CPP vasoconstriction with increasing or decreasing cerebral blood volume respectively. Initially elevation of the lower autoregulatory threshold often requires CPP 70 mmHg. Targeted treatment of intracranial hypertension must avoid decreasing CPP. In the early postrautmatic phase prevention of cerebral hypoxia relies on management of CBF by means of CPP and cerebral vascular resistance. Thereafter targeted treatment of intracranial hypertension caused by cerebral edema and hypervolemia are increasingly important.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hauptursache der sekundären Hirnschädigung ist die zerebrale Hypoxie. Abhängig von Schweregrad und Dauer entsteht eine irreversible Hirngewebsschädigung. Zur Diagnose der Hypoxie dient unter klinischen Bedingungen die kontinuierliche Messung des zerebralen Perfusionsdrucks (CPP) in Verbindung mit der zerebrovenösen O2-Sättigung (SjO2) oder der O2-Partialdruckmessung im Hirngewebe. Zur Minimierung von SjO2-Fehlinterpretationen sollte nach CT-Approach punktiert und ein anaerober Hirnstoffwechsel durch Bestimmung der arterio-jugularvenösen Laktatkonzentrationsdifferenz (avDL) ausgeschlossen werden. Die Therapie der zerebralen Hypoxie sollte kausal erfolgen. Normalisierung des arteriellen O2-Gehalts und Steigerung der Hirndurchblutung (CBF) haben Prioritöt. Bei intakter Autoregulation der CBF wird ein CPP-Abfall durch Vasodilatation mit Zunahme des zerebralen Blutvolumens und ein CPP-Anstieg durch Vasokonstriktion mit Abnahme des CBV kompensiert. Die häufige posttraumatische Rechtsverschiebung der unteren Autoregulationsschwelle erfordert in der Initialphase mit dem höchsten Hypoxierisiko CPP-Werte 70 mmHg. Die Therapie des ICP 〉 20 mmHg erfolgt CPP-orientiert. Eine ICP-Senkung zu Lasten des CPP ist zu vermeiden. Initial nach SHT hat die individuelle Optimierung der CBF durch Sicherstellung eines adäquaten CPP und zerebrovaskulären Gefäßwiderstandes (CVR) Priorität. Nachfolgend gewinnen durch SjO2 und avDL- oder Gewebe-PO2-Messung kontrollierte Maßnahmen zur Modulation von CVR und CBV sowie die Hirnödemtherapie zunehmend an Bedeutung.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key wordsαvβ3 ; Integrins ; Melanoma ; Blood vessels ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The αvβ3 integrin has emerged as a key mediator in angiogenesis. Its role in tumor-induced angiogenesis is supported by its up-regulation in vivo in the vasculature of a number of different types of carcinoma. The potential clinical significance of αvβ3 expression on blood vessels in carcinomas is suggested by its association with tumor progression. Currently no information is available about the clinical significance of αvβ3 expression on the vasculature of lesions of melanocytic origin. Since we have previously found that αvβ3 expression on melanoma cells in primary lesions is associated with a poor prognosis, in the present study we have compared αvβ3 expression on blood vessels and on cells of melanocytic origin in nevi and in malignant melanoma lesions. In addition we have examined the lesions for expression of the αv subunit to gain information on the regulation of αvβ3 expression on endothelial cells and on cells of the melanocyte lineage. αvβ3 expression on endothelial cells and on melanocytic cells was a relatively sensitive and specific marker for malignant lesions. However, αvβ3 expression on endothelial cells in primary melanoma lesions was not associated with the prognosis of the disease. The αv subunit and the αvβ3 complex were differentially expressed on endothelial cells and on melanocytic cells, implying that different regulatory pathways control their expression. This finding may account for the differential clinical significance of αvβ3 expression on tumor vasculature and on melanoma cells we observed in our patient cohort. Lastly, αvβ3 may be a useful target for immunotherapeutic approaches in melanoma because of its high expression on the vasculature of all metastatic lesions tested and its restricted distribution in normal tissues.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words IL-2 serum levels ; NSCLC ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Interleukin(IL)-2 is a T helper (Th) 1 type cytokine that has been shown to play an important role in antitumour immune responses. In this study, the prognostic significance of serum IL-2 levels was investigated in 60 advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. IL-2 serum levels were determined before chemotherapy, at the end of chemotherapy and during follow-up, using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay kit. The results were analysed according to the response to therapy and were used to generate a model predicting overall survival and time to treatment failure. All 60 patients were shown to have higher IL-2 serum levels than controls (P 〈 0.0001). Stage IV patients had significantly lower IL-2 levels than stage III patients (P 〈 0.0001), although they were still significantly higher than controls (P 〈 0.0001). It is interesting that, when patients were divided into responders and non-responders according to the response to therapy, the former were shown to have significantly higher pre-chemotherapy levels than the latter (P 〈 0.0001). Moreover, a further significant increase in IL-2 serum levels (P=0.004) and a significant decrease (P 〈 0.0001) were shown in responders and non-responders, respectively at the end of the therapy. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, both overall survival and time to treatment failure were shown to be affected by the mean pathological levels of IL-2. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of the serum level of IL-2 was confirmed by the stepwise regression analysis. In conclusion, determination of pre-treatment IL-2 serum levels was shown to be of independent prognostic utility in patients with advanced NSCLC; therefore, its possible use for prediction of outcome is proposed.
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  • 23
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    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 10 (2000), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Keywords: Abscess ; Prognosis ; Spinal epidural abscess
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five patients suffering from spinal epidural abscess associated with neurologic deficit are reported. Four patients underwent a decompressive procedure for abscess drainage, and one patient was medically treated. One of the patients showed a neurologic deterioration at the early postoperative period. The long-term follow-up showed a good outcome in all patients. It is concluded that epidural abscess associated with progressive neurologic deficit requires immediate decompression and administration of antibiotic. Postoperative neurological deterioration may be seen despite proper and immediate decompression and in such a case neurologic improvement is observed in the late postoperative period.
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  • 24
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 264 (2000), S. 13-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words Fallopian tube cancer ; Radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy ; Lymph node metastasis ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective: To contribute toward the understanding of the therapeutic management of fallopian tube cancer. Methods: Recent studies related to the treatment of fallopian tube cancer were reviewed. Results: Current evidence indicates that even patients in early stages have nodal disease, and often experience relapses in distant sites. In advanced stages, survival prolongation by the use of platinum-based chemotherapy has been demonstrated. Aggressive cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy and negative second-look laparotomy offer the possibility of long-term survival. However, a significant fraction of patients eventually relapses after negative second-look laparotomy, and a poor survival rate after positive second-look laparotomy has been observed. Conclusions: This series suggests the need for thorough evaluation of lymph nodes at the time of surgery. The use of platinum-based chemotherapy is probably the best adjuvant therapy for both early stages and advanced stages. The clinical value of second-look laparotomy will remain limited until effective salvage therapy is developed. The potential benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the use of paclitaxel will be increasingly important.
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  • 25
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 264 (2000), S. 164-165 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Keywords Factor V Leiden ; Recurrent abortion ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report a case with one intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) at 32 weeks of gestation, one premature delivery at the same week, and one abortion of unknown etiology at 12 weeks of gestation. We discuss that the presence of homozygosity for Factor V Leiden may be associated with placental insufficiency in this woman. Application of anticoagulant therapy may have been beneficial in her current pregnancy.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Renal venous thrombosis ; Neonate ; Incidence ; Therapy ; Outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Renal venous thrombosis (RVT) occurs mainly in the neonatal period and bears a dismal prognosis for individual kidney function. There is no generally accepted therapeutic regimen as controlled clinical trials are lacking. Over the last few years, thrombolytic therapy has been successfully employed by single centres. The present study set out to gather up-to-date information on the incidence, therapy and outcome of neonatal RVT as part of a prospective nation wide survey on neonatal thrombosis in Germany to serve as a basis for therapeutic trials in the future. Between 1992 and 1994 the minimum incidence of symptomatic neonatal RVT in Germany was 2.2 per 100,000 live births (95% confidence interval 1.4–3.3). Out of 35 cases, RVT occurred in 15 premature babies (incidence 13 per 100,000 live births (95% confidence interval 5.9–24.8). Ten babies had associated caval occlusion. Therapy was supportive in 8, low dose heparin was used in 14, full heparinization in 9 and thrombolytic therapy in 4 children. On follow-up after a median time of 11.5 months, renal atrophy was present in 26 out of 39 affected kidneys. Conclusion Neonatal renal venous thrombosis still leads to irreversible kidney damage in the majority of cases. Because of the low incidence a multi-national multi-centre therapeutic trial over a long period has to be considered in order to determine the optimal therapeutic approach.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute renal failure ; 80 years old ; Etiology ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine the epidemiological trends, spectrum of etiologies, morbidity and mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients over 80 years old.¶Design: Historical cohort analysis.¶Setting: Intensive care unit (ICU) of nephrology, Tenon Hospital, Paris.¶Patients and participants: The criteria of inclusion was ARF, defined on the basis of a creatinine value over 120 μmol/l, in patients over 80 years of age admitted between October 1971 and September 1996. When moderate chronic nephropathy was pre-existing, ARF was defined by the increase of at least 50 % over the basal creatininemia.¶Measurements and results: Three hundred and eighty-one patients over 80 years of age were included. The etiology and mechanism of ARF are detailed. 29 % of the patients received dialysis. Global mortality at the hospital was 40 %. Factors significantly associated with a poor prognosis are identified. Mean survival after hospitalization was 19 months.¶Conclusion: The frequency of admission to ICUs for ARF in patients older than 80 years seems to be on the increase. Mortality is less severe than expected. These patients could benefit from the renal replacement therapy of modern intensive care medicine.
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  • 28
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    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 981-987 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Superoxide ; Reactive oxygen species ; Propofol ; Herbicide ; Therapy ; Hypnotics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate whether the antioxidative sedatives propofol and thiopental can improve recovery from acute paraquat toxicity in A549 cells and in mice.¶Design: Prospective, controlled, dose-response, in vitro study and prospective, controlled animal study. Setting: A university animal research laboratory.¶Subjects: Established human lung cultured cells and male SPF ICR mice. Interventions: Paraquat-treated (0.2 mM) A549 cells were incubated either with the antioxidative sedatives propofol (0–0.56 mM) or thiopental (0–2.0 mM), or the non-antioxidative sedatives diazepam (0–3.0 mM), midazolam (0–3.0 mM) and ketamine (0–9.0 mM), as well as the antioxidative drugs, trolox (0–2.0 mM), α-tocopherol (0–4.4 mM), antioxidative-processed food (AOB; 0–1.0 mg/ml), superoxide dismutase (SOD; 0 and 3,000 U/ml) and ulinastatin (0 and 50,000 U/ml), for 48 h. Paraquat-treated mice received i. v. injections of 10 mg/kg propofol, 5 mg/kg thiopental, 4.0 mg/kg trolox, 100 mg/kg α-tocopherol, 10 mg/kg AOB or 5,000 U/kg SOD, b. i. d. for 4 days (n = 10 each). Measurements and results: Post-administered propofol and thiopental, as well as the antioxidative drugs, trolox, α-tocopherol and AOB, improved A549 cell survival in vitro. The non-antioxidative sedatives SOD and ulinastatin were not protective. An i. p. injection of 50 mg/kg of paraquat resulted in a survival rate of 40 % in mice at day 6. Propofol, trolox, α-tocopherol and AOB significantly lowered the mortality rate (80 % survival), while thiopental did not.¶Conclusion: Post i. v. injection of propofol is protective against paraquat-induced damage. Propofol can be given during mechanical ventilatory support after paraquat poisoning.
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  • 29
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    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. S064 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Bacteraemia ; Sepsis ; Septic shock ; Epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the incidence, risk factors, aetiologies and outcome of the various forms of the septic syndromes (the systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS] sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) and their relationships with infection.¶Design: Review of published cohort studies examining the epidemiology of the septic syndromes, with emphasis on intensive care unit (ICU) patients.¶Results: The prevalence of SIRS is very high, affecting one-third of all in-hospital patients, and 〉 50 % of all ICU patients; in surgical ICU patients, SIRS occurs in 〉 80 % patients. Trauma patients are at particularly high risk of SIRS, and most these patients do not have infection documented. The prevalence of infection and bacteraemia increases with the number of SIRS criteria met, and with increasing severity of the septic syndromes. About one-third of patients with SIRS have or evolve to sepsis. Sepsis may occur in approximately 25 % of ICU patients, and bacteraemic sepsis in 10 %. In such patients, sepsis evolves to severe sepsis in 〉 50 % of cases, whereas evolution to severe sepsis in non-ICU patients is about 25 %. Severe sepsis and septic shock occur in 2 %–3 % of ward patients and 10 %–15 % or more ICU patients, depending on the case-mix; 25 % of patients with severe sepsis have shock. There is a graded severity from SIRS to sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, with an associated 28-d mortality of approximately 10 %, 20 %, 20 %–40 %, and 40 %–60 %, respectively. Mortality rates are similar within each stage, whether infection is documented or not, and microbiological characteristics of infection do not substantially influence outcome, although the source of infection does. While about three of four deaths occur during the first months after sepsis, the septic syndromes significantly impact on long-term outcome, with an estimated 50 % reduction of life expectancy over the following five years. The major determinants of outcome, both short-term and long-term, of patients with sepsis are the severity of underlying diseases and comorbidities, the presence of shock and organ failures at onset of sepsis or evolving thereafter. It has been estimated that two-thirds of the overall mortality can be attributed to sepsis.¶Conclusions: The prevalence of sepsis in ICU patients is very high, and most patients have clinically or microbiologically documented infection, except in specific subset of patients. The prognosis of septic syndromes is related to underlying diseases and the severity of the inflammatory response and its sequelae, reflected in shock and organ dysfunction/failures.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Erythropoietic protoporphyria ; Ferrochelatase ; Mutation ; Inheritance ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP, MIM 177000) is an inherited disorder caused by a partial deficiency of ferrochelatase (FECH) which catalyses the chelation of iron into protoporphyrin to form haem. The majority of EPP patients experience solely a painful photosensitivity whereas a small number of them develop liver complications due to the accumulation of excessive amount of protoporphyrin in the liver. EPP is considered to be an autosomal dominant disorder, however, with a low clinical penetrance. To date, a total of 65 different mutations have been identified in the FECH gene of EPP patients. Among the 89 EPP patients who carry a “null allele” mutation which results in the formation of a truncated protein, 18 of them developed EPP-related liver complications. None of the 16 missense mutations identified among 19 patients on the other hand, have been associated with liver disease (P = 0.038). The allelic constellation of an overt patient consists of a mutated FECH allele and a “low expressed” normal allele and that of an asymptomatic carrier, a combination of a mutated and a normally expressed FECH allele. The identification of the “low expressed” allele is facilitated by haplotype analysis using two single nucleotide polymorphisms, −251 A/G in the promoter region and IVS1−23C/T. At the current time when only partially effective therapies are available, the disclosures of both “null allele” and the “low expression” mechanisms will improve patient management. Conclusion While covering the important clinical aspect of erythropoietic protoporphyria, this article emphasises the latest achievements in the molecular genetics of the disorder.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Long-term late effects ; Childhood ; Cancer ; Therapy ; Follow-up examinations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intensive multimodality treatment has led to a remarkable improvement of prognosis in paediatric cancer patients, however, a great number of long-term survivors suffer from considerable tumour- or treatment-related late effects. Between January 1990 and December 1998, 223 consecutive survivors of childhood malignancies entered a prospective follow-up study designed to evaluate the frequency and severity of tumour- and/or therapy-related long-term sequelae. After cessation of therapy and subsequently once a year, all patients underwent a detailed examination programme including physical examination, laboratory tests, abdominal sonography, echocardiography, electrocardiography, electroencephalography, spirometry, audiometry, ophthalmological examination and endocrine stimulation tests. Median follow-up was 5 years (range 0.4 to 9.6 years). A total of 167 patients (75%) had at least one chronic medical problem of whom 80 needed permanent medical support. The organ systems most frequently affected were the nervous system in 39%, the endocrine system in 32%, the ears/eyes in 22%, the kidneys in 17%, and the liver in 12% of the patients. Some late effects (endocrine deficits, hearing loss, tubulopathy) were primarily diagnosed only several years after the end of oncological therapy. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that a considerable number of former paediatric cancer patients suffer from remarkable long-term side-effects. Since life quality is an important parameter of cancer survival, careful follow-up of long-term survivors is mandatory with the aim to reduce or even abrogate possible side-effects at the earliest time.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Non-small cell lung cancer ; Therapeutic effect ; Prognosis ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect more accurately and predict the prognosis of treated non-small cell lung cancer by using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and CE-MRI were examined 90 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with conservative therapies. Enhancement patterns of CE-MRI were classified into three types: peripheral; mottled; and homogeneous. Reduction ratio of tumor size (RRT) based on the World Health Organization response criteria and a new response rate; reduction ratio of viable tumor size (RRVT) which evaluates not only the reduction of tumor size but also changes in necrosis and/or cavity size, were evaluated. Changes of enhancement pattern were compared and correlated with pathological diagnosis. The RRTs, RRVTs, and interobserver agreements evaluated by all modalities were compared. The RRTs and RRVTs in each subgroup were correlated and compared with prognoses. Change of enhancement pattern depended on therapy had no tendency (p = 0.06). Enhancement pattern had significant correlation with pathological diagnosis (p 〈 0.0001). Partial response (PR) case of RRVT had significant difference between imaging techniques (p = 0.04). The RRVT of other cases and RRT had no significant difference. Interobserver agreements of RRT and RRVT were almost perfect (ϰ≥ 0.93). Prognosis had better correlation with RRVT than with RRT. Differences of relapse-free survival and survival between patients considered as having no change (NC) by RRT and PR by RRVT (NC-PR) and patients considered as having NC by RRT and RRVT were significant (p = 0.03, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences of relapse-free survival and survival between NC-PR patients and patients considered as having PR by RRT and RRVT. The CE-MRI technique could accurately evaluate the therapeutic effect and predict the prognosis of treated non-small cell lung cancer.
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  • 33
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    Der Hautarzt 51 (2000), S. 604-611 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Thrombangiitis obliterans ; Morbus Winiwarter-Buerger ; Vaskulitis ; Diagnose ; Therapie ; Keywords Thromboangiitis obliterans ; Buerger's disease ; Vasculitis ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Thrombangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) is a rare vascular disease, characterized by a multilocular, segmental, non-arteriosclerotic, thrombotic inflammation of small and medium size arterial and venous vessels and nerves. The precise etiology is unknown, but there is a cause-effect relationship with tobacco smoking. Autoimmunological, immunogenetical, infectious and hemostatic processes have been discussed as pathogenetic factors. The clinical picture is typically characterized by acrally localized, non-healing ulcerations, which frequently prompt patients to see a dermatologist. We present two patients with thromboangiitis obliterans and discuss the clinical features, the resulting differential diagnostic spectrum and possible therapeutic approaches.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Thrombangiitis obliterans (Morbus Winiwarter-Buerger) ist eine seltene Gefäßerkrankung, die durch eine segmentale, multilokuläre, nichtarteriosklerotische, thrombosierende Entzündung der kleinen und mittleren Arterien und/oder Venen und Nerven charakterisiert ist. Die Ätiologie ist bis heute unklar. Es besteht ein kausaler Zusammenhang mit starkem Tabakkonsum. In der Literatur werden autoimmunologische, immungenetische, infektiöse oder hämostaseologische Ursachen diskutiert. Klinisch zeigt sich oftmals das Bild einer distalen arteriellen Ischämie mit einer akral gelegenen Ulzeration ohne Heilungstendenz. Viele Patienten suchen im Laufe einer progredienten, noch nicht diagnostizierten Thrombangiitis obliterans eine fachdermatologische Einrichtung auf. Anhand zweier Kasuistiken werden das Krankheitsbild, die differentialdiagnostische Bandbreite und die möglichen Therapieansätze dargestellt.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus ; Therapie ; CO2 Laser ; Keywords Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus ; Therapy ; Carbon dioxide laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A 50 year old woman with distinct lichen sclerosus et atrophicus was suffering from severe genital itching, dyspareunia and increasing urinary burning. Therapy attempts with topical glucosteroids and estrogens had been without effort. Treatment with CO2 laser in silk touch mode under insufflation anesthesia to an improvement of her skin lesions and a nearly complete remission of her symptoms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über eine 50jährige Frau mit einem ausgeprägten Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus vulvae. Die Patientin litt unter stärkstem genitalen Pruritus, einer Dyspareunie und zunehmenden, brennenden Schmerzen beim Wasserlassen. Therapieversuche mit glukokortikosteroid- und östrogenhaltigen Externa erbrachten keine Besserung. Eine Behandlung in Intubationsnarkose mit dem CO2-Laser im Silk-touch-Modus führte zu einer Besserung der Hautveränderungen und zu einer beinahe kompletten Remission der subjektiven Beschwerden.
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  • 35
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 263 (2000), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words Ectopic ; Tubal ; Pregnancy ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Ectopic pregnancy is a implantation occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus, whereas nintynine percent of extrauterine pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube. The incidence of extrauterine pregnancy has increased from 0.5% thirty years ago, to a present day 1–2%. The most frequent cause of tubal pregnancy is previous salpingitis. Mortality rates for tubal pregnancies used to be approximately 1.7% in the 1970 s but dropped to 0.3% in 1980 s. Diagnosis: Using transvaginal ultrasound it is possible to obtain positive evidence of an ectopic pregnancy at a very early stage. In cases of hCG titers〉2000 IU/l, intrauterine pregnancy can be diagnosed with certainty. The most important differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is early intrauterine pregnancy. Clinical management and therapy: Regardless of the therapeutic strategy selected by the physician, informing the patient is a major aspect of the management of ectopic pregnancy. If surgery is considered appropriate, the patient must be informed about the nature, side effects and complications of the procedure. However, it should be remembered that in some cases, the actual chances of cure first become apparent at surgery. In asymptomatic patients with a serum hCG titer 〈1000 IU/l that is falling, it is appropriate to wait and watch. In clinically stable patients with an unruptured tubal pregnancy and steady hCG levels, systemic treatment with methotrexate might also be considered. In unruptured tubal pregnancy with a hCG titer between 1000 and 2500, a further therapeutic alternative is intratubal injection of prostaglandins, hyperosmolar glucose of NaCl. Generally speaking, the currently widespread laparoscopic surgical treatment of the fallopian tube hardly influences the risk of recurrence. If the gestational mass is larger, the serum hCG titer higher than the approximate limit of 2500 mU/ml and/or the tube already ruptured, surgery is usually required. Prevention: The most effective prevention is to avoid tubal inflammation or, in cases of preexisting inflammation, to administer effective therapy.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1279-8509
    Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia ; Chemotherapy ; Allogenic transplantation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess the place of HLA-identical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and to compare it to other post-induction therapies, we analyzed patient outcome in intention-to-treat based on the presence or not of an HLA-identical familial donor in young adults with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR). Between 1985 and 1998, 152 consecutive AML patients aged less than 41 years old, seen in our institution, were treated according to 3 different successive protocols (LYLAM85, LAM90, AML10). 144/152 patients entered our prospective study in which they were registered at time of diagnosis for presence or absence of HLA-identical donor and analyzed in intention-to-treat. In this study, 52 patients (36%), who had at least one identical sibling donor (group 1), were offered allogeneic BMT after CR achievement. The 92 patients without donor were allocated to group 2 and were assigned to receive chemotherapy or autologous transplantation as post-remission according to the protocol they were initially included in. Patients from both groups had similar disease characteristics at diagnosis. Karyotypes at diagnosis were defined as low risk (t(8;21) or t(15;17) or chromosome 16 abnormalities(, intermediate risk (normal karyotypes), or high risk (other abnormalities). Overall, 114/152 patients (75%) achieved a CR. Of the 144 eligible patients, 46/52 (88%) with a donor and 68/92 (74%) without a donor achieved a CR. The median follow-up duration of the 144 patients was 21.2 months. The relapse rate was higher in group 2 (56%) than in group 1 (31%). However, the overall survival was not different between patients with and without donor (median survival respectively at 16.7 months and 26.6 months with estimated survival at 5 years respectively at 32% and 34%). Thirty-four patients from group 1 (65%) were actually transplanted in first CR. The probability of 5-year survival for patients receiving effectively allogeneic BMT was 44% and was not significantly better than that of patients who did not. In univariate as in multivariate analysis, karyotypic status was the main prognostic factor for CR achievement (p = 0.002), CR duration (p 〈 0.0001), and overall survival (p 〈 0.0001). There were no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 when survivals were compared with adjustment for karyotypes. We conclude that the availability of an HLA-identical sibling donor did not confer any prognostic advantage in terms of outcome for young adults with AML in first CR. These results make allogeneic BMT process questionable as systemic post-remission therapy in patients with an HLA-identical familial donor.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gastric carcinomas ; Cardiac carcinomas ; TNM-classification ; Prognosis ; Lesser and greater omenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The problem of T classification of proximal gastric carcinomas is becoming increasingly important due to a rise in the incidence of these tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the gastric insertion of the lesser and greater omenta and its role in the T classification of gastric carcinomas. The stomach and greater and lesser omenta were removed from 76 fixed cadavers and 12 measurements each were done in defined localizations. The lesser omentum extended to the gastric wall in 98% of the cases. This junction as well as the omental thickness and thus the retroperitoneal part are especially pronounced in the cardiac region. According to the current UICC classification, even advanced tumors extending into the gastric wall can be classified T2 as long as they do not penetrate the visceral peritoneum. This results in « understaging » and a seemingly poorer prognosis for cardiac carcinomas. Our study results support the recommendation of Hermanek and Wittekind [5] to subdivide the T2 stage of gastric carcinomas on the basis of infiltration depth.
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  • 38
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    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 455-458 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Anterior chamber ; Hypopyon ; Leukemia ; Extramedullary ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We encountered a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who developed leukemic hypopyon. Leukemia initially spread into the pharynx, gingiva, lymphnode, and bone marrow. He achieved complete remission after chemotherapy but developed blurred vision and hypopyon. Anterior chamber paracentesis disclosed leukemic infiltration of the anterior chamber. Infiltration of the central nervous system also occurred. He received systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and local chemotherapy. However, he did not achieve prolonged remission. These findings suggest that these chemotherapy treatments have an inadequate effect for AML with anterior chamber infiltration. This rare complication is associated with extramedullary infiltration of leukemia.
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  • 39
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    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 175-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Radioimmunotherapy ; Lymphoma ; Therapy ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Hernia ; Strangulation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is believed that direct hernias are less likely to strangulate because, in contrast to an indirect inguinal hernia, the neck of the direct hernia is wide. For this reason, some surgeons do not repair direct hernias in I elderly patients. We analyzed all incarcerated hernias repaired on an emergency basis during a 3-year period in order to discover the extent of incarcerated direct hernias in our practice. A total of 293 patients with incarcerated hernia were evaluated; of these, 222 were inguinal (193 indirect −86.9%- and 29 direct −13.1%-). The strangulation rate for inguinal hernias was found to be 29.7%. There was a significant difference between indirect and direct inguinal hernias in respect to strangulation rate (32.6% vs 10.3% p = 0.014). However, we did not find any difference between bowel resection rates in incarcerated-strangulated indirect and direct hernias (14/193 −7.3%- vs 2/29 −6.9%-, p = 0.95). Hospitalization time was significantly longer for the patients who developed strangulation than those who did not. The side of direct hernia had no effect on strangulation (10.5% for right-sided vs 10.0% for left-sided, p = 0.97). The only prognostic factor for strangulation and resection in regression analysis was the age-group of the patients (〈 60 vs. 60 or older). At operation the average diameter of the defect in the transversalis fascia was 23.8 mm. The diameter of the defect had no effect on strangulation.
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  • 41
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    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 989-997 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bakterielle Meningitis ; Enzephalitis ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Keywords Bacterial meningitis ; Encephalitis ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Despite the progress, which has been made in diagnosis and therapy of encephalitis and bacterial meningitis, these acute inflammatory diseases of the brain still display a certain amount of morbidity and mortality. History, physical examination, analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid and radiological examination are the mainstay for the diagnosis of these diseases. With respect to the acute inflammatory diseases of the brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fulfill three purposes: 1. They can be used to clarify the diagnosis and to rule out other diseases. 2. They can identify the focus from which a bacterial meningitis can evolve. 3. Complications like edema, cerebral vasculitis, septic sinus thrombosis, hydrocephalus or abscess can be visualized. If the diagnosis is made early, the possible complications are recognized in good time and the appropriate therapy is started immediately, then morbidity and mortality can be kept at a minimum.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die bakterielle Meningitis und die Enzephalitis sind akut-entzündliche Hirnerkrankungen, die trotz aller Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Therapie mit einer nicht unerheblichen Morbidität und Mortalität behaftet sind. Die Anamnese, die körperliche Untersuchung, die laborchemische Diagnostik von Blut und Liquor und die Bildgebung sind die wesentlichen Säulen in der Diagnostik akut-entzündlicher Hirnerkrankungen. Die Bildgebung, die mittels Computertomographie bzw. Kernspintomographie erfolgt, hat in diesem Zusammenhang 3 Aufgaben: 1. Sie kann dazu beitragen, die Diagnose zu sichern bzw. differentialdiagnostisch in Erwägung zu ziehende Erkrankungen auszuschließen oder nachzuweisen. 2. Sie kann bei der bakteriellen Meningitis entzündliche Foci im Bereich der Nasennebenhöhlen, des Mastoids oder des Mittelohrs erkennen, die sofort operativ saniert werden müssen. 3. Komplikationen akut-entzündlicher Hirnerkrankungen können bei entsprechendem klinischem Verdacht mittels Bildgebung nachgewiesen werden. Hirnödem, vaskulitische Infarkte, septische Sinusthrombose, Hydrozephalus oder Abszess stellen die wesentlichen Komplikationen dar, die zur Morbidität und Mortalität akut-entzündlicher Hirnerkrankungen beitragen und die umgehend mit einer spezifischen Therapie angegangen werden müssen.
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Der Schmerz 14 (2000), S. 429-434 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Interdisziplinäre Schmerzkonferenz ; Diagnose ; Therapie ; Keywords Interdisciplinary pain conference ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. In the interdisciplinary Pain Conference, pain specialists of various disciplines discussed – partly in the presence of the concerned patient – explanations as to the cause of a specific pain. The following example portrays the events of the conference. Case report. In this case, despite extensive diagnostics, no explanation due to an organ failure could be found for a 74-year-pld man with worsening neurological pain above the knee. The patient's desire the change was so strong that after ineffective outpatient care and different operations, such as hernitomy, fibroma removal and the implantation of an epidural stimulating electrode (SCS), other inpatient pain therapies followed using anasthesiological, balneophysical and psychological techniques, as well as medications. Diagnosis and therapy. The interdisciplinary discussion, including all the various diagnostical findings and the results of the therapeutical efforts, lead to the decision by conference participants to use the new electrophysical and imaging diagnostics. This lead to the discovery of a leiomyosarcoma, which had surrounded the N. obtoratius. After the removal surgery, the pain was gone and the pain medications being used could gradually be dropped.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund. In interdisziplinären Schmerzkonferenzen diskutieren Fachvertreter unterschiedlicher, am Schmerz beteiligter Disziplinen – teilweise in Anwesenheit des betroffenen Patienten – um zur Klärung einer schwierigen Schmerzerkrankung beizutragen. Exemplarisch wird ein entsprechender Ablauf dargestellt. Fallbericht. Bei dem vorgestellten Fall handelt es sich um einen 74-jährigen Mann mit einem über Jahre stärker werdenden neuralgischen Oberschenkelschmerz, der trotz umfangreicher Diagnostik keinem organischen Korrelat zugeordnet werden konnte. Der Leidensdruck des Patienten war so erheblich, dass nach ineffektiven ambulanten Behandlungsversuchen verschiedene Operationen wie Herniotomie, Fibromentfernungen und die Implantation einer epiduralen Stimulationselektrode (SCS) sowie wiederholte stationäre schmerztherapeutische Interventionen mit anästhesiologischen, balneophysikalischen und psychologischen Techniken und medikamentösen Konzepten erfolgten. Diagnose und Therapie. Der interdisziplinäre Austausch, die differenzialdiagnostische Sichtung sämtlicher Befunde unter Einschluss der Ergebnisse bisheriger therapeutischer Bemühungen führte zum Beschluss der Konferenzteilnehmer, eine erneute differenzierte elektrophysiologische und bildgebende Diagnostik durchzuführen. Diese führte zur Aufdeckung eines Leiomyosarkoms, welches den N. obturatorius ummauerte. Nach operativer Entfernung stellte sich Schmerzfreiheit ein, sodass die bisherige Schmerzmedikation allmählich abgesetzt werden konnte.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Rectal cancer ; Intensive follow-up ; Local recurrence ; Reoperation ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Because more than 90% of local recurrences after curative surgery for rectal cancer appear within the first 36 months after surgery, an intensive and strict follow-up program during this period could improve early diagnosis and, thus, prognosis of patients. Methods: Of the 216 patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer, 127 entered an intensive follow-up program (median follow-up: 42 months); the clinical outcome of the remaining 89 patients was reconstructed with the help of their general practitioners. Results: Fifty eight (26.8%) of the 216 patients who were treated with curative surgery alone developed a local recurrence; pelvic recurrences were prevalent. Eleven (30.5%) of the 36 patients who had recurrence during follow-up, and 6 of the 22 who had not undergone follow-up, had a reoperation with curative intent; the median survival was 19 months vs. 8 months, respectively (P 5 ns). Four (44.4%) curative reoperations were performed on the 9 asymptomatic patients and in 13 (26.5%) of the 49 cases with symptomatic local recurrences. Median survival was 15 months vs. 14 months, respectively (P 5 n.s). All patients except one (living after 42 months from reoperation) died within 48 months. Conclusions: In our study, adherence to a strict follow-up program unfortunately proved to be ineffective for improving long-term survival for patients who underwent reoperation with curative intent.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; Prognosis ; Pepsinogen C ; Pepsinogen A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In this study we evaluated the expression and clinical significance of pepsinogen C, an aspartic proteinase involved in the digestion of proteins in the stomach, in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: Pepsinogen C expression was examined by immunohistochemical methods in a series of 95 gastric carcinomas. The prognostic value of pepsinogen C was retrospectively evaluated by multivariate analysis taking into account conventional prognostic parameters. Follow-up period of patients was 21.4 months. Results: A total of 25 (26.3%) gastric carcinomas stained positively for pepsinogen C. The percentage of pepsinogen C-positive tumors was higher in well-differentiated (50%) than in moderately differentiated (19.5%) and poorly differentiated (21.9%) tumors (P 〈 .05). Similarly, significant differences in pepsinogen C immunostaining were found between node-negative and node-positive tumors (47.1% vs. 14.7%; P 〈 .001). In addition, statistical analysis revealed that pepsinogen C expression was associated with clinical outcome in gastric cancer patients. Low pepsinogen C levels predicted short overall survival periods in the overall group of patients with gastric cancer (P 〈 .001), and in 71 patients with resectable carcinomas (P 〈 .005). Multivariate analysis according to Cox’s model indicated that pepsinogen C immunostaining was an independent predictor of outcome for both overall and resectable gastric cancer patients (P 〈 .05, for both). Conclusions: The expression of pepsinogen C in gastric cancer may represent a useful biological marker able to identify subgroups of patients with different clinical outcomes.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Stomach ; Cancer ; Gastric cancer ; Lymph node metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival rate ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In gastric cancer, the level and number of lymph node metastases is useful for predicting survival, and there are several staging systems for lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study was to compare the several lymph node classifications and to clarify the most important lymph node information associated with prognosis using multivariate analysis. Methods: A total of 106 patients with histologically node-positive gastric cancer treated by radical gastrectomy and extended lymph node dissection (D2, D3) were studied. The level of lymph node metastasis was categorized simply as Level I nodes (perigastric, No.1–6), Level II nodes (intermediate, No.7–9), and Level III nodes (distant, No.10–16), irrespective of the tumor location. The Level II nodes included lymph nodes along the left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and celiac trunk. Results: Overall 5-year survival rate was 51%. Univariate analysis showed that 5-year survival rate was significantly influenced by the level of positive nodes (P 〈 .01), total number of positive nodes (P 〈 .01), number of positive Level I nodes (P 〈 .01), and number of positive Level II nodes (P 〈 .01), in addition to the tumor location (P 〈 .05), tumor size (P 〈 .05), gross type (P 〈 .01), and depth of wall invasion (P 〈 .01). Of these, independent prognostic factors associated with 5-year survival rate were the number of positive Level II nodes (0–1 vs. ≥2) (62% vs. 19%, P 〈 .01) and the depth of wall invasion (within vs. beyond muscularis) (79% vs. 43%, P 〈 .01). Conclusions: Among several staging systems for lymph node metastases, the number of positive Level II nodes provided the most powerful prognostic information in patients with node-positive gastric cancer. When there were two or more metastases in the Level II nodes, prognosis was poor even after D2 or D3 gastrectomy.
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  • 46
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    Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 176 (2000), S. 513-516 
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Keywords: Key Words: Breast cancer ; Zoster ; Radiotherapy ; Prognosis ; Schlüsselwörter: Mammakarzinom ; Zoster ; Radiotherapie ; Prognose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Wir haben in einer retrospektiven Analyse die Häufigkeit eines Herpes zoster bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom und postoperativer Radiotherapie untersucht. Patientinnen und Methode: Von Januar 1985 bis Dezember 1993 erhielten 1 155 Patientinnen an unserer Klinik eine postoperative Bestrahlung nach Mastektomie (n = 961) oder brusterhaltende Operation (n = 194) in kurativer Intention. Das Alter betrug 34 bis 79 Jahre. 443 (38%) waren prä- und 712 (62%) postmenopausal, 21% hatten T3- bis T4-Tumoren, und 55% wiesen einen axillären Lymphknotenbefall auf. Alle Patientinnen erhielten eine Bestrahlung der Restbrust bzw. Thoraxwand bis 50 Gy, bei mastektomierten Patientinnen wurden zusätzlich die regionären Lymphknoten mit 44 Gy bestrahlt. 65% der Patientinnen erhielten eine zusätzliche Systemtherapie. Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug drei Monate bis 12,5 Jahre (Median 3,1 Jahre). Ergebnisse: 41/1 155 Patientinnen (3,7%) entwickelten im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum einen Herpes zoster. Alle Infektionen waren lokalisiert, eine generalisierte Hautinfektion oder systemische Infektionen traten nicht auf. Alter, Menopausenstatus, Erkrankungsstadium oder Art der Therapie (Brusterhaltung vs. Mastektomie, zusätzliche Chemotherapie) hatten keinen Einfluss auf die Frequenz von Zoster. Patientinnen mit starker akuter Hautreaktion waren ebenfalls nicht signifikant stärker betroffen als Patientinnen mit geringer Hautreaktion im Bestrahlungsfeld (5% vs. 2%). Das Auftreten eines Zosters nach Therapie hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Prognose hinsichtlich lokaler Kontrolle oder Überleben. Schlussfolgerungen: Die beobachtete Häufigkeit von Herpes zoster (etwa 4% nach drei Jahren Follow-up) lässt vermuten, dass ein Herpes zoster im untersuchten Kollektiv etwa drei- bis fünffach häufiger auftritt als anhand der Inzidenzen in der Normalbevölkerung erwartet. Dies ist nicht mit einer schlechteren Prognose assoziiert. Ob die erhöhte Frequenz auf die Radiotherapie zurückzuführen ist oder in Zusammenhang mit der Krebserkrankung steht, kann nich beurteilt werden.
    Notes: Background: We have studied the incidence of herpes zoster in patients with adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer with special emphasis on possible correlations with other prognostic factors or survival. Patients and Methods: From 1/1985 through 12/1993, 1 155 breast cancer patients received postoperative radiotherapy with curative interent in our department. After mastectomy 961 patients were irradiated and after breast-preserving treatment 194 patients. The age ranged from 34 to 79 years, the median follow-up was 3.1 years (range: 0.3 to 12.4 years). There were 443 women (38%) pre- and 712 (62%) postmenopausal. 21% had T3- to T4-tumors, 55% had axillary lymph node involvement, and 65% received additional systemic hormonal and/or cytotoxic therapy. In case of postmastectomy radiotherapy, the lateral chest wall and lymphatics (axilla, parasternal and supraclavicular nodes) were irradiated with an anterior photon field to 50 Gy (axilla 44 Gy) and most of the chest wall with an electron field to 44 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. After breast-preservation, the breast was irradiated via tangential fields with 6- to 8-MV photons up to 50 Gy plus 8 Gy electron boost to the tumor bed. Most of the patients were followed routinely in the department for 2 to 5 years. The frequency of zoster was determined retrospectively by reviewing the patients' records. Results: A zoster after radiotherapy occurred in 41/1 155 patients (3.7%), mostly within the first 2 years after completion of radiotherapy. All infections remained localized and there was no evidence for systemic infections. Type of treatment (mastectomy vs breast-preservation) had no impact on the frequency of herpes zoster (36/961 patients after mastectomy and 5/194 patients after breast-preservation). There was also no correlation with other prognostic factors such as age, menopausal status, stage of disease or the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, nor was the occurrence of zoster linked to the degree of acute skin reaction in the radiation field. Moreover, patients with zoster had the same prognosis as compared to patients without zoster with regard to local control and survival. Conclusions: The observed frequency of zoster (about 4% of patients after postoperative radiotherapy) in this retrospective study suggests that the risk of developing zoster in this patient group may be 3- to 5-fold higher as compared to the incidence in the general population. However, the occurrence of zoster was not linked to prognosis and treatment response.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words Hypergastrinemia ; Carcinoid tumor ; Prognosis ; Autoimmune gastritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gastric carcinoid tumors associated with chronic atrophic gastritis type A have been reported to show good prognosis, because invasion and metastasis are rare. We report a case of gastric carcinoid tumor associated with hypergastrinemia that showed no malignant changes for 12 years. A 15-year-old man with abdominal discomfort underwent endoscopic examination. A polypoid lesion was detected on the atrophic mucosa of the fundus, and was diagnosed as a carcinoid tumor. Serological examination revealed a high level of anti-parietal-cell antibody, suggesting that the patient had chronic atrophic gastritis type A. The tumor was treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. Follow-up examinations were performed for 12 years, but showed no recurrence. This case confirms that gastric carcinoid tumors associated with chronic atrophic gastritis type A may have a good prognosis.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words Stomach ; Cancer ; Gastric cancer ; Lymph node metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Although many authors have investigated the prognostic factors of gastric cancer, there are few comprehensive studies on the prognosis of patients with extensive lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic factors of gastric cancer with extragastric lymph node metastasis, using multivariate analysis. Methods. The study population consisted of 121 patients who had undergone radical gastrectomy and extended lymph node dissection (D2, D3) for gastric cancer with extragastric lymph node metastasis. We examined 18 clinicopathologic factors, including the type of gastrectomy, tumor size, depth of wall invasion, status of lymph node metastasis, and stage of disease. Survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox methods, and multivariate analysis was done using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results. The overall 5-year survival rate was 32%, and the 5-year survival rate after curative gastrectomy was 37%. Overall survival rate was associated with the type of gastrectomy, stage of disease, operative curability, tumor size, depth of wall invasion, and anatomical distribution of positive nodes, whereas the survival rate after curative gastrectomy was correlated with the type of gastrectomy, stage of disease, tumor size, gross type, and depth of wall invasion. Independent prognostic factors were operative curability and depth of wall invasion, and survival after curative gastrectomy was influenced only by the depth of wall invasion (mucosa and submucosa [T1], muscularis and subserosa [T2] vs serosa [T3]). Conclusion. In patients with gastric cancer with extragastric lymph node metastasis, independent prognostic factors after gastrectomy were operative curability and depth of wall invasion. Long-term survival can be achieved when the patients have no serosal invasion (T1, T2) and are treated by curative gastrectomy.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Microscopic peritoneal dissemination ; Colon-cancer ; Gastric cancer ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: We evaluated the incidence and prognostic relevance of microscopic intraperitoneal tumor cell dissemination of colon cancer in comparison with dissemination of gastric cancer as a rational for additive intraperitoneal therapy. METHODS: Peritoneal washouts of 90 patients with colon and 111 patients with gastric cancer were investigated prospectively. Sixty patients with benign diseases and 8 patients with histologically proven gross visible peritoneal carcinomatosis served as controls. Intraoperatively, 100 ml of warm NaCl 0.9 percent were instilled and 20 ml were reaspirated. In all patients hematoxylin and eosin staining (conventional cytology) was performed. Additionally, in 36 patients with colon cancer and 47 patients with gastric cancer, immunostaining with the HEA-125 antibody (immunocytology) was prepared. The results of cytology were assessed for an association with TNM category and cancer grade, based on all patients, and with patient survival, among the R0 resected patients. RESULTS: In conventional cytology 35.5 percent (32/90) of patients with colon cancer and 42.3 percent (47/111) of patients with gastric cancer had a positive cytology. In immunocytology 47.2 percent (17/36) of patients with colon cancer and 46.8 percent (22/47) of patients with gastric cancer were positive. In colon cancer, positive conventional cytology was associated with pT and M category (P=0.044 andP=0.0002), whereas immunocytology was only associated with M category (P=0.007). No association was found between nodal status and immunocytology in colon cancer and with the grading. There was a statistically significant correlation between pT M category and conventional and immunocytology in gastric cancer (P〈0.0015/P=0.007 andP〈0.001/P=0.009, respectively). Positive immunocytology was additionally associated with pN category (P=0.05). In a univariate analysis of R0 resected patients (no residual tumor), positive immunocytology was significantly related to an unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer only (n=30). Mean survival time was significantly increased in patients with gastric cancer with negative cytology compared with positive cytology (1,205 (standard error of the mean, 91)vs. 771 (standard error of the mean, 147) days;P=0.007) but not in patients with colon cancer (1,215 (standard error of the mean, 95)vs. 1,346 (standard error of the mean, 106) days;P=0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Because microscopic peritoneal dissemination influences survival time after R0 resections only in patients with gastric but not with colon cancer, our results may provide a basis for a decision on additive, prophylactic (intraperitoneal) therapy in gastric but not colon cancer.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Abdominoperineal resection ; Laparoscopy ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Although laparoscopic colorectal surgery is attracting ever more attention, its use for curative treatment of colorectal carcinoma in particular continues to be controversial. The present study was an attempt to analyze the results of the perioperative course, oncologic quality, and preliminary long-term results. METHOD: The data considered here were collected within the framework of a prospective, observational study initiated on August 1, 1995, and involving a total of 18 institutions in Germany and Austria. At the end of three years, the results are now being presented selectively,i.e., focusing only on abdominoperineal resection. RESULTS: A total of 116 patients underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resections, 98 (84.5 percent) of which were performed with curative intent. The mean operating time was 226 (confidence interval, 140–365) minutes. Seven patients (6 percent) experienced an intraoperative complication, which in more than one-half of the cases was a vascular injury involving the presacral venous plexus; the conversion rate was 3.4 percent. Postoperatively, 40 patients developed 97 complications—including those of a very minor nature—giving an overall morbidity rate of 34.4 percent. Reoperation in six patients (5.2 percent) had to be performed for an afterbleed in one-half of the cases and ileus in the other one-half. Postoperative mortality was a low 1.7 percent. In most of the curative resections, an oncologically radical operation with high transection of the inferior mesenteric artery and a complete dissection of the pelvis down to the floor was performed. The median number of lymph nodes investigated was 11.5, and there was wide fluctuation in the numbers among the individual institutions. Tumor cell dissemination occurred intraoperatively in five patients. In the meantime, 79 patients (81 percent) underwent at least one follow-up examination, the mean follow-up period being 491 days. Seven patients developed a local recurrence, and a further six patients developed distant metastases. For recurrence-free survival rate, the Kaplan-Meier estimation calculated a probability of 71 percent. CONCLUSION: Not all of the reservations about laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection, in particular with regard to resection with curative intent, have yet been eliminated. The present study does, however, show that a laparoscopic approach can in principle meet oncologic requirements of radicality and, with regard to the postoperative course, is associated with considerable benefits to the patient.
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  • 51
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1222-1226 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal neoplasms ; Young age ; Case-control study ; Pathology ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Colorectal adenocarcinoma before the age of 40 is uncommon, and its prognosis is controversial, with many studies reporting a worse prognosis than in older patients and others showing no difference. The current study compared two groups of patients who had surgical resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The case group was composed of 34 patients younger than 40 (34 ± 4) years. Detailed pathologic prognosis factors, tumor cell proliferation measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen, survival, family history, and predisposing conditions were analyzed. Results were compared with a control group constituted of 34 patients older than 65 (75 ± 6) years matched by gender, cancer site, and Dukes stage. RESULTS: Tumor differentiation, presence of vascular and perineural neoplastic invasion, tumor growth pattern, tumor cell proliferation measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen count, and survival according to the Kaplan-Meier method were not significantly different between younger and older patients. The only difference between the two groups was a higher prevalence of family history and predisposing conditions for colorectal cancer in younger patients (23vs. 3 percent;P=0.03). CONCLUSION: This case-control study documents that pathologic features and prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma are comparable in patients younger than 40 years compared with older patients for identical stages. The higher prevalence of positive family history in younger patients suggests a different genetic background compared with older patients.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; Younger patients ; Elderly patients ; Comparative study ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide. Some studies have suggested that it has a worse prognosis in young than in elderly patients. Methods: All young and elderly patients treated for gastric adenocarcinoma during the period 1988 to 1994 in a tertiary referral center in Mexico City were included. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic features of young patients (less than 40 years of age) with gastric cancer were compared with those of elderly patients (70 years of age or older) with the same diagnosis. Overall survival was the main outcome measure. Results: There were 38 patients in each group. The mean age of the young and elderly groups was 33 and 77 years, respectively. Family history of gastric cancer was reported by 6 patients of the younger group and by 1 patient in the older group (P 〈 .05). Most patients in both groups were symptomatic and had an advanced stage of the disease. With a mean follow-up of 17 months, the overall median survival for all patients was 12 months. By group, the median survival was 13 and 12 months for the young and elderly patients, respectively (P = .38). Variables with significant impact on survival were the stage of the disease, possibility of surgical resection, location of the tumor, and a family history of gastric cancer. Conclusions: Young patients represent a significant proportion of patients with gastric cancer in Hispanic populations. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of gastric adenocarcinoma between young and elderly patients. Survival was determined by the stage of the tumor and the possibility of complete surgical resection.
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  • 53
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    Annals of surgical oncology 7 (2000), S. 520-525 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Proximal gastric third ; Adenocarcinoma ; Total gastrectomy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The incidence of proximal gastric third carcinoma (PGC) has been rising in recent years. Classification and surgical therapy remain controversial. Methods: Between May 1986 and October 1997, 532 patients were operated for primary gastric carcinoma. All patient data were analyzed retrospectively comparing findings in patients with PGC and those with distal gastric carcinoma (DGC). Results: Two hundred fifty patients had a PGC, and 282 patients had a DGC. The rate of R0 resections was 79.3% for PGC and 81.6% for DGC. In 93.9% of the patients with PGC total gastrectomy was performed; for DGC total gastrectomy was done in 74.5% of patients. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 29.2% for PGC and 23.8% for DGC, and 3.2% for PGC and 3.5% for DGC, respectively. Patients with advanced tumor stages (stage III and IV) were more common in the PGC group (73.3% vs. 53.6% in DGC). After R0 resection, the 5-year survival rate was 33.2% for PGC and 59.7% for DGC. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the rates of R0 resections for PGC and DGC. Total gastrectomy can be performed with low postoperative morbidity and mortality. PGC and DGC represent the same tumor entity, and prognosis is similar, but due to more advanced tumor stages, the long-term survival is worse for patients with PGC than for those with DGC. Left retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy may be indicated for PGC.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Fistula-in-ano ; Surgery ; Imaging ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging of fistula-in-ano has been shown to predict surgical anatomy accurately and identify complex features. In addition, fistula complexity has been correlated with poor outcome after surgical intervention. We investigated whether preoperative magnetic resonance imaging could predict clinical outcome after surgery for fistulous disease better than clinical examination under anesthetic. METHODS: Seventy patients with clinically suspected fistula-in-ano underwent preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging before surgical exploration. Outcome was assessed at a minimum of one year after surgical exploration and correlated in a blinded fashion with the surgical and magnetic resonance grading of the severity of the fistulous disease. RESULTS: Of 70 patients, 12 were not operated on and 6 were lost to follow-up, making 52 patients eligible for analysis. Assessment by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging more accurately predicted outcome than the findings at initial surgical exploration. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging had a sensitivity of 81 percent, specificity of 73 percent, and positive predictive value of 75 percent; surgery had a sensitivity of 77 percent, specificity of 46 percent, and positive predictive value of 59 percent. Surgical assessment of apparent disease severity bore no relation to final outcome. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging could accurately predict whether patients were likely to have a satisfactory or unsatisfactory outcome after surgery. CONCLUSION: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging better predicts clinical outcome of patients with fistula-in-ano than initial surgical exploration.
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  • 55
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1227-1236 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal cancer ; Apoptosis ; p53 ; bcl-2 ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the apoptotic index for recurrence and disease-free survival after curative surgery for rectal cancer, particularly in relation to clinicopathologic variables, p53− and bcl-2 expression. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of rectal carcinomas resected curatively within a five-year period were used (N=160). Apoptotic cells with fragmented DNA were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphatase-biotin nick-end-labeling method. The ratio of apoptotic tumor cells (in percent) was classified into low apoptotic index (less than 10 percent) and high apoptotic index (10 percent or more). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies (DO-1 for p53 and clone 124 for bcl-2). Statistics included univariate and multivariate analysis, and survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of tumors showed a low apoptotic index, and 25 percent had a high apoptotic index. No correlation was found between apoptotic index and International Union Against Cancer stage (P〉0.05). However, significant correlations were documented with histologic differentiation (mean apoptotic index, 5.74 percent in moderatelyvs. 3.98 percent in poorly differentiated carcinomas; P=0.0173), lymph node involvement (mean apoptotic index, 6.11 percent in pN1vs. 3.72 percent in pN2; P=0.0074), p53 status (mean apoptotic index, 6.26 percent in p53−vs. 4.42 percent in p53+; P=0.0085), and bcl-2 expression (mean apoptotic index, 5.13 percent in bcl-2−vs. 6.51 percent in bcl-2+; P=0.0418). Tumors of the lower rectum had a lower apoptotic index than those of the upper rectum (P=0.0277). Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis assessed apoptotic index as predictor of prognosis: Recurrence rates did not differ between tumors related to apoptotic index (22 percent with low apoptotic indexvs. 15 percent with high apoptotic index; P〉0.05), and no significant differences were found regarding survival (P〉0.05). On multivariate analysis, International Union Against Cancer stage (P=0.0002), p53 (P=0.0002), gender (P=0.0136), and bcl-2 (P=0.0243) were independent predictors of recurrence. These variables, except for bcl-2, were also independently related to disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Reflecting tumor biology, apoptotic index as single variable showed no prognostic significance, whereas p53 was an independent predictor for both recurrence and survival, and bcl-2 was independently related to recurrence, but not to survival. Clinically, International Union Against Cancer stage and gender were independent prognostic factors after curative surgery for rectal cancer.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Colorectal hepatic metastases ; Liver neoplasm ; Liver resection ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Hepatic resection is potentially curative in selected patients with colorectal metastases. It is a widely held practice that multiple colorectal hepatic metastases are not resected, although outcome after removal of four or more metastases is not well defined. Methods: Patients with four or more colorectal hepatic metastases who submitted to resection were identified from a prospective database. Number of metastases was determined by serial sectioning of the gross specimen at the time of resection. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, complications, and survival were analyzed. Results: From August 1985 to September 1998, 155 patients with four or more metastatic tumors (range 4–20) underwent potentially curative resection by extended hepatectomy (39%), lobectomy (42%), or multiple segmental resections (19%). Operative morbidity and mortality were 26% and 1%, respectively. Actuarial 5-year survival was 23% for the entire group (median 5 32 months) and there were 12 actual 5-year survivors. On multivariate analysis, only number of hepatic tumors (P = .005) and the presence of a positive margin (P = .003) were independent predictors of poor survival. Conclusions: Hepatic resection in patients with four or more colorectal metastases can achieve long-term survival although the results are less favorable as the number of tumors increases. Number of hepatic metastases alone should not be used as a sole contraindication to resection, but it is clear that the majority of patients will not be cured after resection of multiple lesions.
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  • 57
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    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S068 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Kraniofaziale Fehlbildungen ; Deformationen des Hirn- und Gesichtsschädels ; Therapie ; Frontoorbitales Advancement ; Key words ; Craniofacial malformations ; Craniofacial skull deformations ; Therapy ; Frontoorbital advancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Most craniofacial malformations result from a premature fusion of skull sutures. Depending on the scope of the sutures affected, the results are more or less distinct deformations of the facial and cranial skull with substantial negative effects on functional as well as esthetic aspects. The etiopathology is still unclear. Various therapies have been developed over the past 100 years. However, Tessier’s technique of fronto-orbital advancement has been an important milestone in the treatment of these malformations. Numerous adjustments have since perfected this operational technique. It is now possible to treat practically all skull malformations with the surgical techniques available today. At the same time, these techniques have also aided the advancements in tumor surgery and traumatology.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kraniofaziale Fehlbildungen entstehen überwiegend durch die vorzeitige Verknöcherung von Schädelnähten. Je nach Nahtbefall resultieren daraus mehr oder weniger ausgeprägte Deformationen des Hirn- und Gesichtsschädels, die sowohl zu einer funktionellen als auch zu einer ästhetischen Beeinträchtigung führen. Die Ätiopathogenese ist noch weitgehend ungeklärt. In den vergangenen 100 Jahren wurden verschiedene Therapieansätze entwickelt, wobei Tessier mit der Technik des frontoorbitalen Advancements der entscheidende Fortschritt gelang. Aufbauend auf dieser Operationstechnik wurden bis heute zahlreiche Verbesserungen eingebracht. Mit den heutigen Operationstechniken ist es möglich, praktisch alle Schädelfehlbildungen zu therapieren. Gleichzeitig konnten durch diese Techniken auch Fortschritte in der Tumorchirurgie und der Traumatologie erzielt werden.
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  • 58
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    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S076 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Gefäßmalformation ; Nervenmalformation ; Neurofibromatose ; Hämangiom ; Therapie ; Key words ; Vascular malformation ; Neural malformation ; Neurofibromatosis ; Hemangioma ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The presentation of vascular and neural malformations in an understandable terminology permits accurate diagnosis, proper treatment, individualized prognosis, and also stimulates studies of pathogenesis. The descriptive classification includes: NF 1 and NF 2; hemangiomas, low- and high-flow vascular malformations, combined malformations, and hypertrophy; and syndromes such as, Parkes Weber, Klippel-Trénaunay, Maffuci’s, and multiple dysplasia syndromes. Lymphatic malformations are abnormalities of lymphatic development. The list of treatment includes surgical and nonsurgical treatment. Not all vascular malformations can be successfully treated. Coping with NF is a challenge for both, affected individuals and health care professionals. NF is often associated with a myriad of anomalies that present a lot of problems for plastic surgery. In certain cases watchful waiting seems justified but not in cases of severe problems, giant growth, and local complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Frage der Terminologie ist im Zusammenhang mit vaskulären und nervalen Malformationen besonders wichtig. Dies gilt nicht nur im Hinblick auf die Wahl des richtigen Therapieverfahrens, sondern auch im Hinblick auf die individuell ausgerichtete Prognose und natürlich auch zur Beantwortung der die Pathogenese betreffenden Fragen. Es ist klar, dass bei Besprechung der Neurofibromatose zunächst an die NF 1 und NF 2 gedacht wird, die Hämangiome werden entsprechend ihrer Durchblutung und auch im Hinblick auf die Kombination mit den so ¶genannten Hypertrophiesyndromen, die später im Text genannt werden, eingeteilt. Dass die Bezeichnung Lymphangiom impliziert, es handle sich um einen Tumor, mag nicht ganz richtig sein, da anscheinend die für Tumoren üblichen Mitosen vermisst werden. Interessant ist das therapeutische Spektrum und dies gilt für alle Malformationen der Gefäße und Nerven, aber ganz besonders natürlich für die Neurofibromatose und die Hämangiome. Mit der NF konfrontiert zu sein, bedeutet für den Patienten und das ärztliche Personal eine lebenslange Herausforderung, darüber hinaus ist die NF häufig mit einer Unzahl von Einzelproblemen vergesellschaftet, die für die plastische Chirurgie z. T. schwere oder nicht zu lösende Probleme darstellen. Die große Zahl an Therapievorschlägen zeigt, dass die Gefäßmalformationen zum einen sehr unterschiedliche Probleme zeigen, und zum anderen, dass es kaum ein Therapieverfahren gibt, welches keinen Wunsch offen lässt. Wichtig ist der Hinweis, dass schnell wachsende Hämangiome durchaus im Anfangsstadium entfernt werden sollten, zuwartende Haltung ist in bestimmten Fällen gerechtfertigt, aber nicht, wenn sich schwere Probleme, Riesenwachstum und lokale Komplikationen einstellen.
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  • 59
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    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S110 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Unterkiefer ; Gelenkfortsatzfrakturen ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Key words ; Mandible ; Condylar neck fracture ; Diagnostic ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Among mandibular fractures, those of the condylar neck hold a special position due to the exceptional anatomical situation. Computer assisted tomography and magnetic resonance tomography have improved diagnostic evaluation. Indication for surgical treatment is given in cases of severely displaced or dislocated fractures. In surgical management, the preauricular, submandibular, retromandibular, and oral approach have been established. For sufficient fixation of fragments, procedures rendering a functional stability, like osteosynthesis with lag screw or by miniplating, are required.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Gelenkfortsatzfrakturen nehmen aufgrund der besonderen anatomischen Situation eine Sonderstellung innerhalb der Unterkieferfrakturen ein. Die Computertomographie und das MRT haben die Diagnostik wesentlich verbessert. Die Indikation zur operativen Behandlung besteht bei stark dislozierten oder luxierten Frakturen. Als operativer Zugang sind der präaurikuläre-, sub- bzw. perimandibuläre, retromandibuläre und orale Zugang etabliert. Zur Fixation der Fragmente sollten ausschließlich funktionsstabile Verfahren, wie die Miniplatte oder Zugschraube verwendet werden.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words EGC ; Prognosis ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. During the 1970s, a special type of Gastric Cancer with excellent prognosis (early gastric cancer; EGC) was identified by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. EGC has been defined as a tumor which invades the mucosa and/or submucosa, regardless of the lymph node status. Using this definition, we identified an initial phase of tumor development which could be treated both endoscopically and surgically. Methods. We examined 412 EGC patients, recruited between 1976 and 1999, with an average follow-up of 9 years. All tumors were classified according to the macroscopic and microscopic criteria proposed by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Endoscopy (JSGE) and Lauren, respectively. The infiltrative growth pattern was evaluated according to Kodama's classification. Only tumor-related death was considered as an end-point of interest for the survival analysis. Results. Submucosal tumors (P = 0.008), Pen A (see definition below) type disease (P = 0.0001), and lymph node-positive cancers (P = 0.0002) were significant prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Moreover, bivariate analysis showed that the worst prognosis, in terms of survival, was for patients with nodal involvment, submucosal invasion, and node-positive and Pen-A type cancer. The abbreviation Pen, penetrating, indicates a lesion with a diameter of less than 4 cm, which invades the submucosa diffusely. Pen A type EGC represents a subgroup of tumors which infiltrates the submucosa extensively, with nodular masses, causing the complete destruction of the muscularis mucosae. Conclusion. In our series, Pen A type was an important prognostic factor (hazard ratio; HR, 8.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.49–19.86. For this reason, we believe it is important to evaluate the infiltration into the wall in all patients with EGC, paying particular attention to the growth pattern of the neoplasm. Moreover, submucosal Pen A type tumors had a considerably worse prognosis and this finding was reinforced when lymph node metastases coexisted. We suggest, therefore, that surgical treatment with at least a D2 lymphadenectomy is performed in all these patients, as the lesions must be considered to be advanced, no longer being EGC.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words Tumor marker ; CEA ; CA19-9 ; Gastric cancer ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. This clinicopathological study evaluated the utility of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 as predictors of locoregional recurrence and long-term disease-free survival in patients with gastric cancer. Methods. During the period January 1989 to December 1994, 485 patients with primary gastric cancer were evaluated. Gastrectomies were performed in 434 patients. Prognostic factors were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis, using Cox regression. Results. Elevated serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were observed in 92 of the 485 patients (19.0%), and in 95 of the 435 patients (21.8%), respectively, and both markers were elevated in 29 of these 435 patients (6.7%). Elevated serum CEA and CA19-9 levels correlated well with lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, vessel invasion, stage grouping, depth of invasion, and curability. Patients with elevated serum CEA levels were at significantly higher risk of having all recurrence factors than were those with normal serum CEA levels. Patients with elevated serum CA19-9 levels were at significantly higher risk of having peritoneal metastases and distant metastases than were those with normal serum CA19-9 levels. A significant difference in the cumulative survival curves of patients was demonstrated between those with elevated and those with normal serum CEA or CA19-9 levels, even for patients at the same disease stage (stage III). Patients with elevated levels of both markers had a significantly worse prognosis than patients in whom the levels of both markers were normal. In patients who underwent gastrectomy, elevated serum CEA levels either preoperatively or within 3 weeks after gastrectomy were associated with significantly worse prognosis than were normal levels. When the cutoff level of serum CEA was increased to 10 ng/ml, serum CEA, age, lymph node metastasis, and surgical stage grouping were selected as independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis of 14 prognostic factors, using Cox regression. Conclusion. Serum CEA and CA19-9 levels provide additional prognostic information in patients with primary gastric cancer. In particular, an elevated serum CEA level provides additional prognostic information and is a useful indicator of curability in patients who undergo gastrectomy. Serum CEA level is an independent prognostic factor in patients with primary gastric cancer.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Key Words Adenosquamous carcinoma ; Remnant stomach ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report herein the case of a 59-year-old man found to have adenosquamous carcinoma of the remnant stomach which demonstrated rapid progression. The patient was admitted to our hospital to undergo surgery for a papillary tumor of the remnant stomach. Total resection of the remnant stomach with lymph node dissection was performed, and pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma with invasion into the muscularis propria and lymph node metastasis around the perigastric areas. Multiple liver metastases were found 6 months after the operation, for which a right hepatectomy was performed with curative intent; however, he died 2 months later due to lymphangitis carcinomatosa of the lung.
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  • 63
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S154 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Hinteres Kreuzband ; Isolierte Ruptur ; Therapie ; Prognose ; Key words ; Posterior cruciate ligament ; Isolated tears ; Treatment ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The treatment of injuries to the PCL is still controversial. There are still no answers to many questions on the biomechanics of PCL, the natural history of PCL injury, the surgical technique of PCL reconstruction and the biology of PCL healing. It is well established that primary repair of bony avulsions of the PCL provides good static and functional results. PCL tears should also be treated surgically in combined knee ligament injuries. For isolated midsubstance tears of the PCL, however, no prospective randomised long-term studies are available to date demonstrating that surgical treatment with current techniques leads to better results than nonoperative, functional treatment. Nonoperative management is advocated because the knee instability following isolated PCL midsubstance tear is only moderate, the natural history has been seen to end in acceptable functional stability, knee proprioception is preserved, and the incidence of late osteoarthritis is low.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung von Rupturen des hinteren Kreuzbands wird international noch immer kontrovers diskutiert. Zahlreiche Fragen zur funktionellen Anatomie, zum Spontanverlauf nach Ruptur, zur chirurgischen Technik sowie zum Heilungsverlauf sind unbeantwortet. Gesichert ist, daß die primäre operative Versorgung von knöchernen Ausrissen des hinteren Kreuzbands zu guten Ergebnissen führt. Bei kombinierten Knieinstabilitäten sollte das verletzte hintere Kreuzband auch operativ versorgt werden. Für die isolierte, interligamentäre Ruptur des hinteren Kreuzbands konnte bisher jedoch mit keiner prospektiven, randomisierten Langzeitstudie bewiesen werden, daß die heutigen Operationsverfahren reproduzierbar zu besseren Ergebnissen führen als die konservativ-funktionelle Behandlung. Für die konservative Therapie sprechen die nur mäßige Instabilität nach isolierter Ruptur des hinteren Kreuzbands, der günstige Spontanverlauf und der Erhalt der Propriozeption des Kniegelenks sowie die im Verlauf nur geringe Arthroserate.
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  • 64
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S450 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychisches Trauma ; Psychische Störungen ; Versicherungsschutz ; Kausalität ; Heilverfahrenssteuerung ; Therapie ; Begutachtung ; Keywords Psychological trauma ; Psychological disorders ; Insurance cover ; Legal causality ; Case management ; Therapy ; Expert reviewing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Accident insurance agencies are confronted with an increasing number of cases in which psychological damage occurs immediately at the time of the traumatic events, or in their aftermath. This article reviews the stipulations governing insurance cover and benefits and the legal principles of causality issues in the case of psychological traumas and disorders resulting from such incidents. Insurance agencies face special challenges for case mangagement, since there are no well-established procedures for physicians and hospitals to follow in such cases. Irrespective of the often difficult causality and liability issues, immediate therapy should be given absolute priority. More attention should be paid to psychological damage, with the aims of improving methods of medical rehabilitation and establishing guidelines for expert review in such cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Unfallversicherungsträger sind mit einer zunehmenden Zahl von Fällen konfrontiert, bei denen psychische Gesundheitsschäden unmittelbar bei dem Unfallereignis auftreten oder sich nachfolgend entwickeln. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Grundsätze des Versicherungsschutzes und Kausalitätsfragen bei psychischen Traumen und psychischen Störungen als Folge eines Versicherungsfalls. Für die Unfallversicherungsträger ergeben sich besondere Anforderungen an die Steuerung des Heilverfahrens, da nicht auf das für organische Verletzungen etablierte System besonderer Heilverfahrensarten, wie z. B. das Durchgangsarztverfahren, zurückgegriffen werden kann. Unter allen Umständen hat die Therapie unbedingten Vorrang, unabhängig von der kausalrechtlichen Fragestellung nach dem zuständigen Leistungsträger. Psychischen Gesundheitsschäden ist vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken mit dem Ziel, geeignete Maßnahmen der medizinischen Rehabilitation weiterzuentwickeln und Konventionen für die Begutachtung zu schaffen.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 28-38 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Beckenverletzung ; Begleitverletzung ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Algorithmus ; Keywords ; Pelvic trauma ; Concomitant lesions ; Diagnosis ; Therapy ; Algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: The injuries that typically accompany pelvic fractures are lesions of the urogenital tract, the lumbosacral plexus, and the retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal organs. The prognosis depends heavily on early recognition of the abdominal- and retroperitoneal injuries, which are frequently a primary threat to vital functions. Missing these injuries would be very serious, as the mortality with early diagnosis and adequate treatment is normally low; according to the results reported in the literature, delayed therapy leads to increasing mortality rates of up to 80%. Experience in trauma centres has shown that for complete ascertainment of accompanying injuries it is necessary to perform a systematic diagnosis according to a fixed algorithm. The treatment of the concomitant injuries accompanying a complex pelvic trauma is fundamentally different from the treatment of patients with isolated injuries. A high survival rate with a low postoperative complication rate cannot be achieved except with specialist surgical management tailored to the primary life-threatening lesions. After determination and recording of the injury pattern a therapy concept must be made at once. A trauma algorithm can be helpful when treatment is selected. Step-by-step treatment with several operative phases alternating with recovery and stabilization periods under intensive care conditions has proved worthwhile.
    Notes: Typische Begleitverletzungen von Beckenfrakturen sind Verletzungen des Urogenitaltrakts, des Plexus lumbosacralis und intraabdominaler Organe. Entscheidend für die Prognose ist das rechtzeitige Erkennen v. a. der häufig primär vital gefährdenden Abdominal- und Retroperitonealverletzungen. Das Übersehen dieser Verletzungen ist besonders tragisch, da bei rechtzeitiger Diagnostik und adäquater Versorgung die Letalitätsrate in der Regel gering ist; bei verzögerter Therapie resultieren nach den Angaben in der Literatur Letalitätsraten bis zu 80%. Die Erfahrung in Traumazentren hat gezeigt, dass zur vollständigen Erfassung der Begleitverletzungen die systematische Diagnostik nach einem festgelegten Algorithmus erfolgen sollte. Die Behandlung der Begleitverletzungen im Rahmen eines komplexen Beckentraumas unterscheidet sich prinzipiell von der bei Monoverletzten. Voraussetzung für eine hohe Überlebensrate mit geringer postoperativer Komplikationsrate ist ein prioritätenorientiertes chirurgisches Vorgehen. Nach Erfassung des Verletzungsmusters muss bereits initial ein Therapiekonzept erstellt werden. Zur Entscheidungsfindung kann ein Traumaalgorithmus herangezogen werden. Es hat sich eine abgestufte Versorgung mit mehreren operativen Phasen und zwischengeschalteten Erholungs- und Stabilisierungsphasen unter Intensivbedingungen bewährt.
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  • 66
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 240-248 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Komplexe Schultergürtelverletzung ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Interdisziplinäres ¶Management ; Keywords ; Complex shoulder girdle trauma ; Diagnosis ; Therapy ; Interdisciplinary management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: The particular injury pattern of complex joint trauma means that a standardized operative procedure would be difficult to devise and an individual therapy plant is therefore essential for each patient. One of the main problems consists in the recognition and adequate treatment of associated vascular and neural lesions. The treatment of a complex joint trauma makes extremely high demands on the trauma-team in terms of both diagnostis and therapy and is an interdisciplinary challenge. On the basis of a detailed literature search and evaluation of the procedures we have adopted in sample cases, we suggest an algorithm for interdisciplinary management of severe combination injuries of the shoulder region.
    Notes: Die Problematik des komplexen Gelenktraumas besteht darin, dass aufgrund des besonderen Verletzungsmusters ein standardisiertes operatives Vorgehen erschwert und deshalb ein individuelles Therapiekonzept essenziell ist. Ein Hauptproblem besteht in ¶der Erkennung und der adäquaten Behandlung assoziierter Gefäß- und Nervenläsionen. Die Behandlung eines komplexen Gelenktraumas stellt höchste diagnostische und therapeutische Ansprüche an das Traumateam und bedeutet eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung. Aufgrund einer eingehenden Literaturrecherche und der Auswertung des eigenen Vorgehens anhand exemplarisch ausgewählter Fälle wird versucht, einen Algorithmus der interdisziplinären Komplexversorgung schwerer Kombinationsverletzungen der Schulterregion zu erstellen.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 341-343 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Tarsaltunnelsyndrom ; Ätiologie ; Trauma ; Diagnose ; Therapie ; Keywords ; Tarsal tunnel syndrome ; Aetiology ; Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: In this paper we describe the tarsal tunnel syndrome with reference to our own experience in 10 cases and the literature. Compared with the numerous injuries involving the ankle and foot, the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome is rare. In the case of a painful foot of unknown aetiology, the differential diagnosis should therefore include tarsal tunnel syndrome. Our presentation discusses the aetiology and pathology of the tarsal tunnel syndrome, and particularly that caused by trauma. We also describe an effective therapeutic approach based on surgical decompression.
    Notes: Anhand der Literatur und eigenen Erfahrungen von 10 Operationen wird das Tarsaltunnelsyndrom dargestellt. Gemessen an der Vielzahl der Traumen im Sprunggelenk- und Fersenbeinbereich wird die Diagnose selten gestellt. Bei unklaren Fußschmerzen sollte daher differenzialdiagnostisch ein Tarsaltunnelsyndrom in Erwägung gezogen werden. Es wird auf die Ätiologie, die Pathologie sowie auf den Zusammenhang zu Traumen eingegangen und die effektive Therapie durch operative Dekompression beschrieben.
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  • 68
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S51 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Ellbogenverletzungen ; Wachstumsalter ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Key words ; Ellbow joint injuries ; Adolescence ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Fractures and dislocations of the elbow are some of the most common injuries in childhood and adolescence. The majority occur in the course of sport and play, for example as the result of falling from apparatus used in gymnastics or a bike, or falling while engaging in such popular sports as in-line-skating or skateboarding. Elbow injuries can be divided into dislocations of the joint alone and fractures, of the distal humerus or the proximal radius and ulna, or combinations of both dislocation and fracture. In addition, a differentiation is made between extra- and intraarticular fracture types, the latter being seen as either partial or complete joint lesions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Luxationen und/oder Frakturen am Ellbogen gehören zu den häufigsten Verletzungen im Wachstumsalter überhaupt. Sie entstehen überwiegend bei Sport und Spiel, z. B. durch Sturz von einem Turngerät, von Zweirädern oder während der Ausübung moderner Sportarten wie In-line-Skating, Rollschuhlauf und Skateboardfahren. Bei den Verletzungen werden reine Luxationen von Frakturen entweder am körperfernen Oberarmende oder an den gelenkbildenden Anteilen von Radius und Ulna unterschieden. Ein weiteres Unterscheidungsmerkmal ist die Abgrenzung extraartikulärer von intraartikulären Frakturformen, wobei letztere entweder als partielle oder komplette Bruchform imponieren.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S180 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Humeruskopffraktur ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Keywords Fracture of the head of the humerus ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Fractures of the head of the humerus present a challenge both at the stages of diagnosis and treatment. Fortunately, 70–80% ¶of all fractures of the humeral head can be treated conservatively because they are not dislocated. When dislocation is present detailed understanding of the morphology of such fractures and purposeful application of internal fixation techniques are essential for the achievement of good shoulder function. Every step of the treatment is aimed at stability of the joint with its components as close as possible to their original anatomical positions. This can generally be managed with minimally invasive approaches and/or with the bone fragments preserved. We regard depression fractures of the humeral head (〉 45%) in active, older patients –¶who are frequently affected – as a primary indication for a shoulder replacement. Four-fragment fractures with displacement of the head fragment in an older, physically active patient can also occasionally be an indication for primary joint replacement. Both for conservatively treated and for operatively treated fractures of the humeral head a customized schedule of follow-up treatment should be applied, to avoid the precipitation of secondary frozen shoulder by too-passive behaviour. On the other hand, neither should the follow-up treatment programme lead to a secondary dislocation. For restoration of the function it is therefore absolutely essential that the trauma surgeon monitor the treatments applied.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Humeruskopffrakturen stellen eine Herausforderung an die Diagnostik und die Therapie dar. Glücklicherweise können 70–80% davon konservativ behandelt werden, da sie nicht disloziert sind. Im Fall der Dislokation sind ein differenziertes Verständnis der Frakturmorphologie und der zielgerichtete Einsatz osteosynthetischer Techniken unabdingbare Voraussetzung einer guten Schulterfunktion. Ziel jedweder Behandlungsmaßnahme ist das Erreichen einer stabilen Situation in möglichst anatomiegerechter Position. Dies kann überwiegend mit minimalinvasiven Zugängen bzw. unter Schonung der Knochenfragmente erreicht werden. Besonders im Fall der Humeruskopfimpressionsfrakturen (〉 45%) beim häufig betroffenen älteren, aktiven Patienten sehen wir eine primäre Indikation zur Schulterendoprothese. Ebenso stellen die 4-Fragment-Frakturen mit Verschiebung des Kopffragments bei älteren, biologisch aktiven Patienten eine gelegentliche Indikation zum primären Gelenkersatz dar. Sowohl für die konservativ als auch für die operativ behandelten Humeruskopffrakturen sollte ein differenziertes Nachbehandlungsschema Anwendung finden, um nicht durch zu passives Verhalten eine sekundäre Schultersteife zu initiieren. Auf der anderen Seite sollte ein Nachbehandlungsprogramm auch nicht zur sekundären Dislokation führen. Die unfallchirurgische Kontrolle der Behandlungsmaßnahmen ist daher zwingende Voraussetzung einer bestmöglichen Wiederherstellung der Funktion.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Blood group antigen ; ABH isoantigens ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The deletion of blood group ABH isoantigens on tumor tissues has been reported to be an adverse prognostic marker for patients with various solid tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of altered expression of ABH isoantigens in colorectal carcinomas. Using monoclonal antibodies, the expression of A, B, and H antigens was assessed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded carcinoma samples from 82 patients who had undergone surgery for colorectal cancer. ABH isoantigens were found to be deleted in 36 carcinomas (43.9%) and expressed in 46 (56.1%). Univariate and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model revealed that N factor (lymph node metastasis) and blood group type were independently related to the expression of ABH isoantigens. In contrast to previous reports on other cancers, patients whose colorectal carcinomas express ABH isoantigens had a poorer prognosis than those whose carcinomas showed deletion of ABH isoantigens (P = 0.0008). The expression of ABH isoantigens was an independent prognostic variable, in addition to T (depth of tumor invasion), N, and M (distant metastasis) factors, as shown by means of Cox regression analysis. In conclusion, the expression of ABH isoantigens in carcinoma tissue is an important poor prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer. This variable needs to be considered in the design of future trials of therapy.
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  • 71
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    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 280-284 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Thymoma ; Prognostic factors ; Prognosis ; DNA cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the prognostic significance of DNA image cytometry in thymoma. Patients and methods: Image cytometric studies with an automatic video-based analysis system (LEYTAS) were carried out on 47 archival specimens from 36 patients with thymomas who underwent operation at a single institution from 1954 to 1992. The significance of aneuploidy DNA-content (5c-exceeding events), and nuclear size on stage and survival were evaluated. The median follow-up was 52.7 (6–164) months. Results: Masaoka's stage was predictive of aneuploidy (P 〈 0.01) and disease-free survival (P 〈 0.015). In stage I 18% of the tumors were aneuploid, in stage II 78%, in stage III 85% and in stage IV 100%. The occurrence of 5c-exceeding events was associated with both decreased disease-free survival (P 〈 0.01) and overall survival (P = 0.013). Nuclear size was not significantly correlated to stage. Under multivariate analysis, aneuploidy and DNA content failed to attain independent significance for stage, performance status, and histology. Conclusion: DNA image cytometry may provide additional information about the prognosis of resected thymoma.
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  • 72
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    International journal of colorectal disease 15 (2000), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Keywords Acute pancreatitis ; Animal models ; Therapy ; Study design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Since randomized controlled studies of severe acute human pancreatitis can be performed only with restrictions, at least some aspects of innovative therapy concepts should first be clarified in animal experiments. In vitro trials are inadequate for this purpose since they cannot simulate the complex course of severe acute pancreatitis. Animal test results can be transferred to clinical practice if the results are based on trials with established models, standardized methods, and a study design imitating the clinical situation. This contribution discusses the demands on such an animal model of acute pancreatitis and a corresponding study protocol and presents models and protocols which meet these requirements. Concrete examples are presented to show that animal experiments are of great value under these conditions, especially in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Further standardization of models, protocols, and monitoring should further improve future animal therapy studies at least to the extent that it is possible to select particularly promising substances, which should then be tested in randomized controlled trials.
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  • 73
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    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 943-948 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Transverse myelitis ; Motor evoked potentials ; Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Electromyography ; Prognosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A systematic evaluation of anterior horn cell, motor and sensory pathways is possible by electromyography (EMG), motor (MEPs) and somatosensory (SEPs) evoked potentials, respectively, which may provide valuable information on acute transverse myelitis (ATM). In a prospective hospital-based study, EMG, MEP and SEP studies were carried out on admission and after 3 months in 39 patients with ATM. All the patients also underwent detailed clinical evaluation, and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 28. Outcome was defined at the end of 3 months as poor, partial or complete recovery on the basis of functional status. Spinal MRI revealed hyperintense signal changes in T2 extending for two segments to the entire spinal cord. Central motor conduction time to tibialis anterior (CMCT-TA) was more frequently abnormal (90%), followed by tibial SEP (77%). CMCT to abductor digiti minimi (ADM) was abnormal in 30% and median SEP in 15% of patients. Evidence of denervation on EMG was present in 51% of patients. The CMCT-TA improved in 48% patients and tibial SEP in 32%. Median SEP improved in all patients, and CMCT-ADM remained prolonged in two. At 3 months 2 patients had died, and 18 had poor, 10 partial and 9 complete recovery. CMCT was correlated with miscle power, tone, reflec and MRI changes. Patients' outcome of was correlated with CMCT, SEP and EMG. These results are consistent with pronounced involvement of dorsal region of spinal cord in ATM. MEP is more frequently abnormal than SEP.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Motor neuron disease ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Cancer ; Paraneoplastic disease ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined whether patients with both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and cancer differ from classical ALS patients, and whether motor neuron disease responds to oncological therapy. We analyzed clinical and immunological features of 14 patients (9 men, 5 women; mean age 65.3 years) with pure/definite ALS and cancer. Patients with solid tumor cancer and definite ALS were selected according to the El Escorial criteria; cases with ALS plus were excluded. Four patients had breast cancer, three lung adenocarcinoma, and three bowel tumor; hepatocarcinoma, kidney cancer, and mesothelioma were observed in one case each, and in one patient the primary tumor was unidentified. Patients' sera were examined for antinervous system antibodies by means of immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Of five patients who underwent surgical therapy, two worsened during the procedure, while the other three had no benefit. The remaining two patients did not improve after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In none of our cases did the oncological disease progress. Death was a consequence of ALS in all eight patients who died. Median survival was 18 months and did not differ from that of 28 ALS patients matched for age, sex, and onset features (bulbar or spinal). Anti-nervous system antibodies were never detected. We conclude that our group of pure ALS patients with cancer do not significantly differ from patients with classical ALS. They usually die as a consequence of the motor neuron syndrome in the absence of cancer progression. To date we have not observed any response of ALS to antitumor therapy.
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  • 75
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    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 102-105 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Polymyositis ; Dermatomyositis ; Therapy ; Pulsed ¶dexamethasone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study the short-term effect of oral pulsed high-dose dexamethasone for myositis we treated eight newly diagnosed patients with three 28-day cycles of oral dexamethasone. Primary outcome measures were muscle strength, pain, and serum creatine kinase activity. Six patients responded. Side effects were mild. At follow-up five responders were still in remission, without ¶medication. Pulsed high-dose ¶dexamethasone seems beneficial in myositis. A larger, prednisone-controlled trial is justified to analyze long-term efficacy.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Sarcoidosis ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corticosteroid therapy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spinal cord sarcoidosis is a rare disorder whose natural history and therapeutic outcome are not fully known. We examined four patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis both clinically and radiologically, particularly in relation to corticosteroid treatment. The initial manifestation was cervical myelopathy in three and uveitis in one. All four patients progressed slowly until corticosteroid therapy was initiated. The cervial spine was involved in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed spinal cord swelling with T2-weighted high intensity and linear leptomeningeal and patchy or diffuse intramedullary enhancement with gadolinium diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid. With corticosteroid therapy, dramatic improvement was seen on MRI, including disappearance or marked reduction of swelling and enhancement. Plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were also markedly improved. In contrast, the clinical symptoms were little improved in one patient, unchanged in two, and rather worsened in one patient. Recurrence was seen on MRI at the maintenance dose in all four patients, without any dramatic change in clinical manifestation. MRI findings and plasma ACE are well correlated with active leasion of the spinal cord sarcoidosis, providing a useful marker for recurrence, but do not parallel the clinical manifestations.
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  • 77
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    Der Hautarzt 51 (2000), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Kutane B-Zell-Lymphome ; Therapie ; Key words ; Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background and objective: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL) represent a unique type of extranodal B-cell lymphomas. Recently, the „European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)–Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group” classified PCBCL into two major groups: one with low-grade malignancy and excellent prognosis (follicle center cell lymphoma, immunocytoma/marginal zone B-cell lymphoma) and the other with intermediate malignancy and worse prognosis (large B-cell lymphoma of the leg). The clinical course and the prognosis of both groups clearly distinguish them from nodal lymphomas with similar morphological aspects, thus underlying the need for different treatment modalities. Patients/Methods: We investigated retrospectively the therapeutic data from 51 patients with PCBCL (40 lowgrade lymphomas, 11 large B-cell lymphomas). Several treatment modalities were used: total excision, radiotherapy, polychemotherapy, systemic corticosteroids, systemic antibiotics, as well as a variety of combination treatments. Results: Recurrence, dissemination and/or death of the patients were not significantly related to any single treatment modality. Conclusions: In our opinion, the choice of treatment for PCBCL depends on the histologic classification, the number, spread and localization of the infiltrates, and on the general condition of the patient.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Primäre kutane B-Zell-Lymphome (PKBZL) stellen eine eigenständige Krankheitsgruppe lymphoproliferativer Tumoren dar. In der vor kurzem von der „European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group” publizierten Klassifikation kutaner Lymphome wurden 2 Hauptgruppen der PKBZL beschrieben: Eine mit niedriger Malignität und exzellenter Prognose (Keimzentrumslymphome, Immunozytom/„Marginalzonelymphom”) und eine 2. mit intermediärer Malignität und schlechterer Prognose (großzelliges B-Zell-Lymphom der unteren Extremitäten). Der Verlauf und die unterschiedlichen Prognosen weisen darauf hin, dass es notwendig ist, eine dem klinischen Verhalten entsprechende Therapieform zu wählen. Patienten/Methodik: Wir untersuchten die Verlaufsdaten von 51 Patienten mit PKBZL (40 niedrig maligne PKBZL und 11 großzellige PKBZL) retrospektiv. Als Behandlungsformen kamen Totalexzision, Strahlentherapie, systemische Kortison- und Antibiotikatherapie, Polychemotherapie sowie verschiedene Kombinationstherapien zur Anwendung. Ergebnisse: Das Auftreten von Rezidiven sowie von Lymphknoten- oder Organbeteiligungen stand in keinem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit der gewählten Therapiemodalität. Schlussfolgerungen: Aus der Vielzahl der verwendeten Behandlungsformen ist die Komplexität der Erkrankung an sich und die der Wahl der Therapie ersichtlich. Unserer Meinung nach sollte die Behandlung der PKBZL in Abhängigkeit von der histologischen Klassifikation, der Anzahl, Ausdehnung und Lokalisation der Hautinfiltrate sowie vom Allgemeinzustand des Patienten gewählt werden.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Mortality ; Oliguria ; Multiple organ failure ; Severity-of-illness ; Prognosis ; Scoring systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: To describe risk factors for the development of acute renal failure (ARF) in a population of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and the association of ARF with multiple organ failure (MOF) and outcome using the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Design: Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort analysis. Setting: Forty ICUs in 16 countries. Patients: All patients admitted to one of the participating ICUs in May 1995, except those who stayed in the ICU for less than 48 h after uncomplicated surgery, were included. After the exclusion of 38 patients with a history of chronic renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy, a total of 1411 patients were studied. Measurements and results: Of the patients, 348 (24.7 %) developed ARF, as diagnosed by a serum creatinine of 300 μmol/l (3.5 mg/dl) or more and/or a urine output of less than 500 ml/day. The most important risk factors for the development of ARF present on admission were acute circulatory or respiratory failure; age more than 65 years, presence of infection, past history of chronic heart failure (CHF), lymphoma or leukemia, or cirrhosis. ARF patients developed MOF earlier than non-ARF patients (median 24 vs 48 h after ICU admission, p 〈 0.05). ARF patients older than 65 years with a past history of CHF or with any organ failure on admission were most likely to develop MOF. ICU mortality was 3 times higher in ARF than in other patients (42.8 % vs 14.0 %, p 〈 0.01). Oliguric ARF was an independent risk factor for overall mortality as determined by a multivariate regression analysis (OR = 1.59 [CI 95 %: 1.23–2.06], p 〈 0.01). Infection increased the risk of death associated with all factors. Factors that increased the ICU mortality of ARF patients were a past history of hematologic malignancy, age more than 65 years, the number of failing organs on admission and the presence of acute cardiovascular failure. Conclusion: In ICU patients, the most important risk factors for ARF or mortality from ARF are often present on admission. During the ICU stay, other organ failures (especially cardiovascular) are important risk factors. Oliguric ARF was an independent risk factor for ICU mortality, and infection increased the contribution to mortality by other factors. The severity of circulatory shock was the most important factor influencing outcome in ARF patients.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Coronary artery bypass graft ; Valve surgery ; Thoracic aortic surgery ; Prognosis ; Hypotension ; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) ; Procalcitonin ; Endotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate procalcitonin (PCT) levels in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in order to assess the prevalence and prognostic capacity of elevated PCT levels following CPB in open heart surgery.¶Design: prospective observational study in consecutive patients.¶Setting: Twenty-four-bed ICU, department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, university hospital.¶Patients: Seven hundred and twenty two patients, 691 of whom underwent CPB, i. e., 476 had coronary bypass surgery (CABG), 130 valve replacement, 34 combined CABG and valve replacement, and 23 thoracic aortic surgery.¶Interventions: Standard perfusion techniques were used with cardioplegic arrest and mild hypothermia (28–32 °C). With the exception of thoracic aortic procedures, full–flow perfusion was performed.¶Measurements and results: PCT was measured prior to surgery and daily thereafter until ICU discharge or death. PCT significantly increased at day 1 postoperatively compared to baseline values (0.25 ± 1.65 vs 6.49 ± 22.0 ng/ml, p 〈 0.005). However, in 55.1 % of patients PCT was below 1.0 ng/ml. In 12.8 % of CABG patients PCT was increased to 〉 5.0 ng/ml, compared to 39 % in valve patients and 35 % of patients with aortic surgery. An elevated PCT level 〉 1.0–5.0 ng/ml at day 1 was highly predictive of mortality (P 〈 0.03, vs 〈 1.0 ng/ml), with an additional accuracy when levels 〉 5.0 ng/ml were measured (P 〈 0.002 vs 〈 1.0 ng/ml).¶Conclusions: These results provide evidence that PCT might serve as an early prognostic marker in patients undergoing CPB in open heart surgery. It may be worth considering immunomodulating approaches in patients presenting elevated PCT levels in the early phase after CPB.
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  • 80
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S456 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Trauma ; Akute Belastungsstörung ; Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung ; Therapie ; Medizinische Begutachtung ; Keywords Trauma ; Acute stress disorder ; Posttraumatic stress disorder ; Therapy ; Medico-legal expertise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract ‘Psychopathology after trauma’ mostly refers to cognitive or affective impairment after direct or indirect damage to brain tissue. Patients who have suffered a whiplash injury of the cervical spine, even without direct trauma to brain tissue, also often complain of cognitive or affective dysfunction for prolonged periods after the injury. Even more difficult to evaluate is psychopathology arising in the aftermath of severely distressing events, such as major disastrous accidents, natural catastrophes or assault. The medical expert must be aware of a variety of posttraumatic psychiatric disorders with different courses and symptoms and must be able to distinguish these from endogenous or merely coincident psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we outline the relevant diagnoses and diagnostic criteria, with special refrence to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It should be emphasized that while acute stress disorder is common after stressful experiences, PTSD is most likely to develop in the presence of personality traits or a concurrent psychiatric illness predisposing to the disorder. The nature of the trauma sustained is significant: for example, trauma inflicted by human aggression causes PTSD significantly more often than similar injuries suffered as the result of a motor vehicle accident. Finally, therapeutic strategies for posttraumatic disorders are briefly reviewed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit posttraumatischen psychischen Störungen sind in der Regel kognitive oder affektive Beeinträchtigungen in der Folge direkter oder indirekter Hirngewebeschäden gemeint. Aber auch Patienten mit Halswirbelsäulenschleudertrauma beklagen häufig und über lange Zeit kognitive oder affektive Störungen ohne Nachweis einer Hirnschädigung. Noch problematischer sind psychische Störungen in der Folge erheblich belastender Ereignisse, wie Unfälle katastrophalen Ausmaßes, Naturkatastrophen oder Überfällen, zu beurteilen. Dem ärztlichen Gutachter obliegt die Aufgabe, eine Reihe posttraumatischer Störungen, die sich hinsichtlich des Verlaufs und der Symptome unterscheiden, zu kennen und von anlagebedingten oder koinzidierenden psychischen Störungen zu differenzieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die relevanten Diagnosen ¶und diagnostischen Kriterien mit besonderer Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTSD) besprochen. Hervorzuheben ist, dass es nach erheblich belastenden Erlebnissen recht häufig zu akuten Belastungsreaktionen kommt, während die PTSD in der Regel dann auftritt, wenn eine besondere persönliche Disposition oder psychiatrische Komorbidität vorliegen. Ferner kommt der Art des belastenden Erlebnisses Bedeutung zu. So wird eine PTSD häufiger nach Ausbrüchen menschlicher Aggression als nach z. B. Verkehrsunfällen gefunden. Abschließend wird ein kurzer Überblick über therapeutische Möglichkeiten bei posttraumatischen Störungen gegeben.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Keywords: Key words Pneumonia ; Procalcitonin ; C-reactive protein ; Etiology ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: The diagnostic value of admission serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as indicators of the etiology and prognosis was prospectively investigated. Patients: 96 patients, 50–85 years of age, treated in the hospital for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results: On admission, all patients had elevated CRP levels (〉 10 mg/l), but only 60 patients (54%) had elevated PCT levels (〉 0.1 μg/l). The severity of disease measured by APACHE II score was strongly associated with admission levels of PCT (p = 0.006), but not with CRP. Eight of nine patients with pneumonia caused by atypical agents had PCT levels 〈 0.5 μg/l compared with 6/27 patients with pneumonia caused by classical bacterial pathogens, mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae (p = 0.03). No such correlation between CRP levels and etiology was found. Conclusion: Our data indicate that in patients admitted to the hospital with CAP, measurement of PCT gives information about the severity of the disease, and may aid the physician to differentiate typical bacterial etiology from atypical etiology, and thereby to choose appropriate initial antibiotic treatment.
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  • 82
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    Infection 28 (2000), S. 282-286 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Keywords: Key Words Chronic ; Osteomyelitis ; Therapy ; Children ; Ewing's sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Presently, most children with chronic osteomyelitis undergo surgery with the inherent risk of damage to their growth plate. We demonstrate a treatment regimen based on imaging procedures focussing on antibiotics in order to reduce the rate of surgical interventions. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all 11 patients with clinically suspected chronic osteomyelitis who were treated at our institution from 1989 to 1995. Patients underwent open biopsy and surgical treatment only if imaging procedures showed signs indistinguishable from malignancy, or if they were highly suggestive for the presence of pus, joint infection or osteonecrosis. The patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 years. Results: All five patients treated solely with antibiotics recovered completely. Three patients were subjected to open biopsy and surgical treatment since they showed radiological signs indistinguishable from malignancy, and two patients due to pus or osteonecrosis. In follow-up, there was one relapse of chronic osteomyelitis 11 months after the first treatment course with surgery and antibiotics. One patient suffering from Ewing's sarcoma as detected by open biopsy was excluded. Conclusion: Our diagnostic procedure was useful to reduce the rate of surgery. Surgical treatment of chronic osteomyelitis is not always neccessary especially in cases of missing necrosis, joint infection and abscess as demonstrated by the complete recovery of our patients treated solely with antibiotics.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Meningococcal ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Study objective: To review the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Malta over the period 1994–1998, and to identify factors at presentation and in the management of meningococcal disease which may influence mortality. Design: All admissions with meningococcal disease to a national hospital in a population-based study over the period 1994–1998 were studied retrospectively. Main results: Fifty-six cases were diagnosed over 1994–1998, the incidence rising from 0.8/100,000 to 7.2/100,000 total population (p 〈 0.0001). The median time interval from arrival at hospital to administration of parenteral antibiotic decreased over the 5-year period from 4.4 to 1.2 hours (p = 0.025), with no significant change in the case-fatality rate. There was no association between the time interval from arrival at hospital to parenteral antibiotic administration, and mortality. The following features at presentation were associated with increased mortality: older age (p = 0.03), meningococcaemia compared with meningitis (p = 0.05), shock (p 〈 0.0001), disseminated intravascular coagulation (p = 0.0001), a normal/low white blood cell count (p = 0.0003), a low platelet count (p = 0.0001) and a high serum creatinine (p = 0.003). Conclusions: The upsurge of cases in the population was accompanied by a decrease in intervention time in the general hospital, probably due to increased awareness of the disease. This study did not show a positive relationship between early in-hospital administration of antibiotics and improved survival, probably because antibiotics were given earlier to those with fulminant disease and, with therefore, an inherently worse outcome. Stratification of cases by severity on admission is recommended in future studies.
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    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 385 (2000), S. 207-212 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Hemangiopericytoma ; Bone neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor of pericyte origin with variable malignant potential. Very rarely, this tumor occurs as a primary bone lesion. We present a case of a highly malignant hemangiopericytoma of the proximal tibia. Current therapy consists of radical resection of the tumor with postoperative radiation therapy being recommended. Chemotherapy seems to be useful in disseminated disease. The prognosis correlates to the histological grading of the tumor. Early or late recurrence and distant metastases with fatal outcome, as shown in our case study, are not uncommon.
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    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 385 (2000), S. 246-251 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Sentinel lymph node ; Melanoma ; Therapy ; Diagnosis ; S100 ; Surgery ; review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The concept of Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection (SLND) has strongly influenced the surgical approach towards primary melanoma in the last decade. Initiated by the disappointing results of elective lymph node dissection (ELND) in this malignancy, the concept of analyzing the first draining lymph node (Sentinel) of a regional basin was developed as a diagnostic means to avoid unnecessary ELND in case of negative SLNs. According to recent standards detection of the SLN should be performed by a triple approach: injection of 90 nm Technetium and patent blue in the periphery of the primary melanoma, and intraoperative tracing of radioactivity with the aid of a hand-held gamma probe. Histopathological examination of alternating series sections of the whole lymph node appears to be the best analytic approach. Molecular biologic procedures such as tyrosinase RT-PCR are time-consuming to perform and produce contradictory results. SLND for cutaneous melanoma is an interdisciplinary diagnostic approach involving surgery, dermatology, pathology, and nuclear medicine. In spite of a variety of published promising results derived from clinical trials ranging from a few dozens to several hundred included patients the diagnostic and prognostic value of SLND remains to be confirmed by ongoing controlled prospective clinical trials. At this stage, SLND can by no means be considered a therapeutic procedure. These aspects have to be kept in mind when informed consent is obtained from patients as well as in the individual determination of the risk-benefit ratio.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Superficial bladder cancer ; p21WAF1/CIP1 ; Prognosis ; Cyclin D1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunoreactivity of p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 proteins was assessed in a cohort of 207 patients with superficial (pTa-pT1) bladder cancer followed up for a mean of 4.9 years. The results of the immunostainings were compared with T category, WHO grade, tumor cell proliferation rate (MIB-1 score), the expressions of p53 and bcl-2 as well as survival. Sixty-eight percent and 75% of the tumors were p21WAF1/CIP1 positive (≥5% of cells positive) and cyclin D1 positive (≥10% of cells positive), respectively. The p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was related to cyclin D1 immunolabelling (P 〈 0.001) but not to the other variables studied. The expression of cyclin D1 was inversely associated with T category (P=0.001), WHO grade (P=0.006), MIB-1 score (P=0.014), p53 expression (P=0.001), and bcl-2 (P=0.011) immunoreactivity. In univariate analysis, T category (P=0.0001), WHO grade (P 〈 0.0001), MIB-1 score (P 〈 0.0001), bcl-2 (P=0.0092), p53 (P=0.0016) and p21WAF1/CIP1 (P=0.009) expressions were significant prognostic factors with regard to tumor progression, whereas cyclin D1 was without any prognostic significance (P=0.1). Out of 123 p21 positive tumors 21 progressed, whereas only 2 out of 58 p21 negative tumors progressed. In multivariate analysis, the MIB-1 score was the only independent predictor of cancer-specific survival (P=0.03), whereas tumor grade (P=0.002) and cyclin D1 expression (P=0.04) were independent predictors of tumor recurrence. Only the WHO grade (P=0.04) retained its prognostic value indicating the risk of progression. We suggest that in superficial bladder cancer p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry provide no additional prognostic information compared with already established prognostic factors for predicting the risk of progressive disease.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Endometrium ; Endometrial carcinoma ; Lectins ; Con A ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Lectins are proteins and glycoproteins of non-immune origin which bind specifically to carbohydrate residues, agglutinate cells and/or precipitate complex carbohydrates. Lectin-binding patterns in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometria were studied using four biotinylated lectins (Con A, LCA, e-PHA, l-PHA) and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (ConA) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) reacted strongly with the luminal borders and the cytoplasm of epithelial cells but, whilst in normal and benign endometrial tissues the cytoplasmic staining was confined to the apical and the basal aspect of the cells, in endometrial carcinomas and in some atypical hyperplasias lectin binding also occurred in the lateral cytoplasm (Con-A-lat), although in differing proportions of cells. Interestingly, extensive Con-A-lat in the tumour cells was much more frequent in non-endometrioid carcinomas (P〈0.05) and was significantly associated with poor histological differentiation (P〈0.0001), low oestrogen and progesterone receptor content (P〈0.01 and P=0.0001, respectively) and an unfavourable long-term survival (P〈0.05). With Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (e-PHA) and leucoagglutinin (l-PHA) a linear, rather inconsistent, staining at the level of the basement membranes was observed in the glands: this, also noted with LCA, appeared intact in normal and hyperplastic glands without cytological atypia, and fragmented or absent in malignant glandular structures and in most hyperplastic glands showing cytological atypia. It is concluded that changes in the distribution of lectin-binding molecules in the endometrial cells are associated with the malignant state, whilst the extent of Con-A-lat reflects the biological behaviour of the tumours.
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  • 88
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    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 21-24 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Children ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Prognosis ; Traumatic brain stem lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores on admission may be predictors of outcome in patients with brain injuries. This study correlated the outcomes of children with traumatic brain stem lesions with their initial GCS scores and morphological patterns of injury as shown on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. During the last 16 years, we have treated 1,108 children with brain injuries. The entire series included only 21 (1.9%) children who had clinical signs of brain stem lesions with morphological correlates on CT or MR imaging. Clinical findings were assessed according to the GCS and compared with scores on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Of these 21 children, 16 (76%) had morphological lesions seen on CT scans. In 5 (24%) of the children only the MR images revealed brain stem lesions and their CT scans were negative. Generalized severe brain swelling was present in 6 cases (28%). There was a significant difference in GOS scores between patients with initial GCS scores of 3 and 4 and those with GCS scores between 5 and 7 (P〈0.02). Children with intracranial pressure higher than 40 mmHg had poorer outcomes than patients whose intracranial pressure was lower, but the differences were not significant. Outcome did not correlate significantly with morphological patterns of injury or the presence of extracranial injuries. The GCS is a reliable indicator of severity of injury and of outcome in children with brain stem injuries. MR imaging was more sensitive than CT in detecting brain stem lesions.
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  • 89
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    Gefässchirurgie 5 (2000), S. 188-191 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Venöses Poplitealaneurysma ; Differentialdiagnose ; Knieschmerz ; Therapie ; Keywords Popliteal venous aneurysm ; Differential diagnosis ; Knee pain ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract  A rare cause of painful swelling of the knee cavity can be an aneurysm of the popliteal vein. Only 28 cases are reported in the literature. We treated a 20-year-old male patient who underwent three arthroscopies, one operation and one MRI; finally, phlebography detected a popliteal vein aneurysm and a malformation of the deep venous system of the popliteal and proximal calf veins. To avoid the threat of pulmonary embolism a resection of the aneurysm with interposition of a venous autograft was performed. Twelve months after the operation the patient is free of symptoms with a patent autograft.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung  Eine seltene Ursache schmerzhafter Schwellungen in der Kniekehle kann ein Aneurysma der V. poplitea sein. Bisher wurden 28 Fälle dieser Fehlbildung in der Weltliteratur beschrieben. Wir sahen einen 20-jährigen männlichen Patienten, bei dem nach 3 Arthroskopien, einer Arthrotomie und einer MRT durch eine Phlebographie ein venöses Aneurysma der V. poplitea mit venös-aneurysmatischer Malformation der proximalen Unterschenkelvenen festgestellt wurde. Um eine potentiell tödliche Lungenembolie zu vermeiden, erfolgte die Resektion mit Interposition der kontralateralen gedoppelten V. saphena magna. 12 Monate nach der Operation hat der Patient bei duplexsonographisch gutem Flow im Interponat keine Beschwerden.
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  • 90
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    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S142 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich ; Therapie ; DÖSAK-Richtlinien ; Key words ; Tumors in the head and neck area ; Therapy ; DÖSAK guidelines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Surgery is still the primary therapeutic approach in treatment of tumors in the head and neck area, dating back to the early nineteenth century. More than 150 years ago, hemimaxillectomies and mandibular resections as well as hemiglossectomies were already performed by leading surgeons. The block principle we are now following dates back to Crile, who also established the principle of cervical lymph node dissection. Ablative oncologic surgery has always been closely linked with plastic and reconstructive surgery, rendering radical surgical interventions possible without disfiguring patients. The development of facial reconstructive surgery proceeded in stages, in the first instance as secondary reconstruction using tube pedicled flaps. The change to the concept of primary reconstruction occurred via arterialized skin flaps and myocutaneous flaps to the widely accepted and performed free tissue transfer. Free bone grafting, inaugurated earlier and still representing the majority of bone grafting, has been supplemented for certain reconstructive purposes by free vascularized bone transfer from various donor sites. Although the five-year-survival rate of carcinoma of the oral cavity has remained unchanged in the past 30 years, distinctive improvements in tumor surgery can be recorded. This is primarily based on improved diagnostics such as modern imaging techniques and the refinement of surgical techniques. The DÖSAK has worked out distinctive guidelines for effective ablative oncologic surgery. Surgical approaches offering wide exposure and carrying low morbidity play a decisive role in radical resections. For this reason, midfacial degloving offers an essential improvement for the resection of midface tumors, especially from an aesthetic point of view. Tumors situated deep behind the viscerocranium at the skull base can be clearly exposed either through a lateral approach following a temporary osteotomy of the mandibular ramus or a transmandibular, transmaxillar, or transfacial approach with minimal morbidity. Concerning the concept of neck dissection, radical techniques are more and more abandoned in favor of a more conservative procedure. Actual inquiries concerning present surgical procedures as to the surgical strategy in “No-neck” or marginal and segmental resection in mandibular adherent carcinomas demand scientific clarification.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Zentrum der Behandlung von Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich steht immer noch die Chirurgie, deren Ansätze weit in das 19. Jahrhundert zurückreichen. Schon vor weit über 150 Jahren wurden durch wegweisende Chirurgen Halbseitenresektionen des Ober- und Unterkiefers sowie der Zunge durchgeführt. Das heute von uns verfolgte Blockprinzip geht auf Crile zurück, der auch die Prinzipien der Halslymphknotenausräumung festschrieb. Eng verknüpft mit der Tumorchirurgie war stets die plastische und rekonstruktive Chirurgie, die radikalchirurgische Eingriffe ohne Entstellung der Patienten erst ermöglichte. Die Entwicklung der wiederherstellenden Gesichtschirurgie verlief in Phasen, zunächst als sekundäre Rekonstruktion mittels Rundstiellappen. Der Wandel zur primären Wiederherstellung vollzog sich über arterialisierte Hautfettlappen und die Myokutanlappen bis zum heute aktuellen mikrovaskulär anastomosierten Gewebetransfer. Die schon früh inaugurierte und heute noch praktizierte freie Knochentransplantation wurde für spezielle Indikationen durch den mikrochirurgischen Knochentransfer aus verschiedenen Spenderregionen ergänzt. Obwohl die 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten für das Mundhöhlenkarzinom in den letzten ¶30 Jahren stagnieren, sind heute doch deutliche Fortschritte in der Tumorchirurgie zu verzeichnen. Diese beruhen zunächst auf einer verbesserten Diagnostik durch die modernen bildgebenden Verfahren und die Weiterentwicklung der Operationsverfahren. Für eine erfolgreiche Tumorchirurgie hat der DÖSAK klare Richtlinien erarbeitet. Für eine radikale Tumorresektion spielen übersichtliche und wenig destruierende Zugangswege eine entscheidende Rolle. So brachte für die Tumoren des Oberkiefers das Midfacial degloving eine wesentliche Verbesserung, insbesondere auch aus ästhetischer Sicht. Versteckt hinter dem Gesichtsschädel liegende Tumoren an der Schädelbasis lassen sich entweder über einen lateralen Zugang nach temporärer Osteotomie des Unterkieferasts oder transmandibulär, transmaxillär oder transfazial übersichtlich ohne Destruktionen darstellen. Bezüglich der Halslymphknotenausräumung ist eine Abkehr vom radikalen zum konservativen Vorgehen zu verzeichnen. Derzeit aktuelle chirurgische Fragen, wie das operative Vorgehen beim „N 0 -Hals“ oder Kastenresektion bzw. Kontinuitätsresektion des Unterkiefers bei der Mandibula adhärenten Karzinomen, bedürfen einer wissenschaftlichen Klärung.
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    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S177 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Malignes Melanom ; Inzidenz ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Key words ; Malignant melanoma ; Incidence ; Diagnostic procedure ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Malignant melanoma is one of the most frequent malignancies of the skin. This is particularly true of malignant melanoma in juveniles. Its incidence has more than doubled from the 1970s to the mid-1990s. Presently, 15 new cases are recorded per 100,000 inhabitants a year in Germany. At Fachklinik Hornheide, a tumor center specializing in skin neoplasm with patients being referred from all over Germany, the number of melanoma patients treated per year has been approximately 500–¶550 for the past 10 years. In the present study, the state-of-the-art therapy for primary melanoma and treatment of the regional lymph node system is discussed. The radical treatment formerly advocated with wide tumor resection plus radical neck dissection is no longer justified for this immunogenic malignant tumor caused by endogenic as well as exogenic factors. “Sentinel lymph node” imaging by means of radioactive substances for diagnosing possible melanoma metastases in adjacent lymph nodes has changed the therapeutical concept. Tumor staging by means of ultrasound, CT, MRT, or PET allows the differentiation of tumors without distant metastases and a favorable prognosis, from melanomas which have to be considered as generalized disease. In addition to surgical resection of the tumor and neck dissection for removal of lymph nodes, adjuvant immunotherapy with interferon-α is capable of prolonging survival without a recurrence. Palliative chemotherapy or immunotherapy are valuable options for cases with generalized melanoma. Vaccination with a melanoma-associated antigen or dendritic cells is at an experimental stage and may become part of future treatment strategies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das maligne Melanom gehört, insbesondere in jugendlichen Altersgruppen, zu den häufigsten malignen Tumoren der Haut. Seine Inzidenz hat sich von den 70er Jahren bis zur Mitte der 90er mit etwa 15 Fällen/¶100.000 Einwohnern und Jahr mehr als verdoppelt. In der Fachklinik Hornheide, einer Tumorklinik der Haut mit bundesweiten Zuweisungen, hat sich dagegen im letzten Jahrzehnt die Zahl der behandelten Patienten auf etwa 500–550 Fälle pro Jahr stabilisiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll den aktuellen Standard der Therapie der Primärtumoren und der regionären Lymphabflussregion darstellen. Dabei soll vermittelt werden, dass das frühere radikale Behandlungskonzept mit großflächigen lokalen Tumorresektionen und einer radikalen Ausräumung aller Lymphknotenstationen des Halses diesem immunogenen bösartigen Tumor, dessen Entwicklung teils endogenen und teils exogenen Faktoren unterliegt, nicht mehr gerechtfertigt ist. Schon im Bereich der Diagnostik der fraglichen lymphogenen Metastasierung des Melanoms hat die Darstellung des „sentinel-lymph-node“ mit radioaktivem Material eine Änderung des Therapiekonzepts erzwungen. Das Tumorstaging mit Hilfe der Sonographie, der CT-, der MRT- und PET-Untersuchungen vermag prognostisch günstige Tumoren ohne Nachweis von Fernmetastasen von solchen Melanomen zu unterscheiden, die als generalisierte Erkrankung zu bewerten sind. Neben der operativen Entfernung des Tumors und der Ausräumung der Lymphknotenstationen des Halses ist in bestimmten Stadien die adjuvante Immuntherapie mit Interferon α geeignet, das rezidivfreie Überleben zu verlängern. Bei einer Generalisierung besteht die Option einer palliativen Chemo- oder Immunochemotherapie. Experimentelle Behandlungsansätze überprüfen den Einsatz von Vakzinierungsstrategien mit melanomassoziierten Antigenen und dendritischen Zellen.
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  • 92
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 570-577 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Keywords Obstructive sleep apnea ; Therapy ; Surgery ; Long-term results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract No recent update is available on long-term results of the various types of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which can help the physician in evaluating the individually tailored treatment for patients with OSA in the long term. We arbitrarily defined “long-term” results as those after at least 3 years and reviewed the literature from the past 25 years for reports on conservative, apparative, and surgical therapy of OSA in children and adults. Another inclusion criterion was that the diagnosis was also confirmed by polysomnography before treatment and at follow-up. Only relatively few long-term studies meeting the criteria of ‘evidence based medicine’ were found, comparing the findings of these was difficult or impossible due to varying criteria for success. Long-term data were available about the effect of weight reduction, nasal ventilation therapy, oral devices, tonsillectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, maxillomandibular advancement osteotomies, and tracheotomy. After approx. 25 years many treatment modalities in sleep medicine are still experimental concerning the long-term use for the individual. In particular, randomized controlled trials in surgery are lacking. Late results show that at least 50% of patients with OSA can be treated effectively by one or a combination of treatments. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure, tracheotomy, maxillomandibular advancement osteotomy, and tonsillectomy are the most effective treatments of OSA.
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 154-157 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma ; Laryngeal neoplasms ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSC) is regarded as a variant of squamous cell carcinoma, but displays distinct morphological and biological features as well as a different clinical course. The tumor is frequently seen in the head and neck and is preferentially located in the larynx, especially in supraglottic sites. Ten patients with BSC of the supraglottic larynx were treated from 1991 to 1995 at the Medical Faculty of the University of Istanbul. Results of treatment were compared retrospectively with a control group consisting of 44 patients with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Ages, ¶localizations, stages and treatment procedures were similar. In both groups mean survival, nodal involvement and distant metastases were comparable although the local ¶(laryngeal) recurrence rate in patients with early supraglottic (T2) disease in the BSC group after conservative partial surgery was distinct compared to the control group (P 〈 0.05). These results indicate that conservative surgery should be assessed with caution in patients with BSC, and postoperative irradiation be taken into consideration.
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 517-520 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Nucleolar organizer region ; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ; Silver-staining ; Prognosis ; Outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Increased expression of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) has been identified in certain malignant tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its prognostic significance in NPC is uncertain and remains to be evaluated. To address this we silver-stained 63 paraffin sections of NPC cases, and examined the correlation between AgNOR count and area, calculated by the CAS 200 image analysis system, and tumor behavior, locoregional control, and survival of patients. The mean AgNOR count and area were 1.62 ± 0.31 and 3.98 ± 11.4 μm2, respectively. The AgNOR area was positively associated with T stage (r = 0.26, P = 0.04). The Mann-Whitney test confirmed no significant difference in AgNOR area and count between patients with different outcomes. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model showed neither AgNOR count nor area to be significant predictors of actuarial survival or disease-free survival. It is concluded that AgNOR does not have an independent and significant prognostic value in NPC. AgNOR expression may be merely a reflection of malignant phenotype as well as cellular activity but not necessarily the ultimate behavior of the tumor.
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    International urology and nephrology 32 (2000), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 1573-2584
    Keywords: Bladder neoplasms ; Chemotherapy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Of 50 patients with pT3b, pT4 and/or pN+ disease after cystectomy, 27 were administered adjuvant four cycles of cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine (CMV) and 23 were followed expectantly (no-treatment group).Median follow-up was 14 months in CMV group and 11 months in no-treatment group. Median recurrence-free survival was 21 months in CMV group and 17 months in no-treatment group (p = 0.573). Median overallsurvival was 41+ months in CMV group and 84+ months in no-treatmentgroup, respectively (p = 0.501). In our experience, adjuvant chemotherapy after cystectomy seemed not to provide a survival advantage.
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    Medizinische Klinik 95 (2000), S. 286-292 
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Hypertensive Krise ; Hypertensiver Notfall ; Hypertensive Dringlichkeit ; Komplikationen ; Therapie ; Ursachen ; Key Words: Hypertensive emergency and urgency ; Etiology ; Complications ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Hypertensive crisis is defined as an extreme elevation of arterial blood pressure, with diastolic pressure 〉 120 mm Hg, and represents an imminent risk to the patient. In such cases, a rapid orientating diagnosis and adequate antihypertensive treatment to avoid sequelae are needed, sometimes even before diagnostic test are completed. Hypertensive emergencies and hypertensive urgencies can be distinguished. If the critical increase in blood pressure is associated with end-organ damage such as encephalopathy, acute left heart failure and pulmonary edema, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or dissecting aortic aneurysm, a hypertensive emergency is presnet, that is an acute threat to the patient's life. A hypertensive emergency requires effective lowering of blood pressure within minutes, but not necessarily to normal range. The choice of suitable antihypertensive agents depends on clinical symptoms, contraindications, duration of pressure elevation and underlying conditions, prior cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disorders. The risk of imminent end-organ damage must be weighed against the risk of rapid blood pressure lowering. In hypertensive urgencies without end-organ complications, blood pressure can be lowered more slowly over several hours, often with oral agents to avoid detrimental fall in blood pressure. The drugs of choice are mainly urapidil IV and nitroglycerine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die hypertensive Krise stellt mit ihren kardialen, zerebralen und renalen Folgeerscheinungen eine potentiell lebensbedrohliche Komplikation der arteriellen Hypertonie dar. Bei einem hypertensiven Notfall (emergency), der den Patienten vital gefährdet, geht der kritische Blutdruckanstieg mit Organschä,den wie der Enzephalopathie, einer akuten Linksherzinsuffizienz, Angina pectoris, Herzinfarkt oder einem dissezierenden Aortenaneurysma einher. Der hypertensive Notfall erfordert eine umgehende effektive Blutdrucksenkung innerhalb von Minuten. Liegt eine Dringlichkeit (urgency) vor, bei der die oben genannten Folgeerscheinungen und Symptome bei stark erhöhten Blutdruckwerten fehlen, reicht eine langsame Absenkung des arteriellen Blutdrucks über mehrerer Stunden aus. Die Auswirkung der Hypertonie auf die Zielorganfunktion muß gegen das Risiko einer exzessiven Blutdrucksenkung abgewogen werden. Das Ausmaß der notwendigen Drucksenkung sowie die Wahl des geeigneten Antihypertensivums werden durch die klinische Symptomatik, Kontraindikationen, Dauer und Ausmaß der Blutdrucksteigerung und die zugrundeliegenden Vorerkrankungen des Patienten bestimmt. Eine zu langsame, aber auch eine zu rasche Blutdrucksenkung können zu schwerwiegenden Folgeschäden führen. Bei einer hypertensiven Dringlichkeit ohne Endorgankomplikationen ist meist eine allmähliche Blutdrucksenkung mir oral verabreichten Antihypertensiva ausreichend. Mittel der Wahl sind Urapidil intravenös und Nitroglycerin.
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    Medizinische Klinik 95 (2000), S. 527-532 
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Morbus Castleman ; Angiofollikuläre Lymphknotenhyperplasie ; Pathologie ; Präsentation/Klinik ; Therapie ; Pathogenese ; Key Words Castleman's disease ; Angiofollucular lymph node hyperplasia ; Pathology ; Presentation ; Therapy ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background: The term “Castleman's diseas” (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) comprises a heterogeneous clinicopathologic entity among lymphoproliferative disorders. Case Report: We present a rare case with retroperitoneal manifestations, and discuss several aspects of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, the clinical course and therapy of the disease. Finally, we summarize the actual knowledge about the pathogenesis of Castleman's disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Als Morbus Castleman (angiofollikuläre Lymphknotenhyperplasie) wird ein heterogenes, histologisch definiertes Krankheitsbild aus der Gruppe der lymphoproliferativen Krankheiten bezeichnet. Fallbeschreibung: Anhand eines seltenen Falles mit retroperitonealer Präsentation werden die verschiedenen klinischen Manifestationen und Verlaufsformen dargelegt sowie Hinweise für Diagnose, Differentialdiagnose und Therapie gegeben. Die heutigen, unvollständigen Kenntnisse der Pathophysiologie werden zusammengefaßt.
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    Medizinische Klinik 95 (2000), S. 293-298 
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Renovaskuläre Hypertonie ; Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System ; Diagnose ; Therapie ; Key Words: Renovascular hypertension ; Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background: Renovascular hypertension as a secondary form of hypertension can be improved or cured in many cases by interventional radiology or vascular surgery. Basis: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the development of hypertension are linked in renovascular hypertension. Clinical Appearance: Early clinical symptoms are of special interest in diagnosing renovascular hypertension. Diagnosis and Therapy: Nowadays, angioplasty or stenting have mostly replaced surgery in view of treatment of renovascular hypertension. Conclusion: Renovascular hypertension, if diagnosed early, can be improved or cured in many cases regarding hypertension and/or renal insufficiency.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Der renovaskulären Hypertonie kommt besondere Bedeutung zu, da sie als sekundäre Hypertonieform durch interventionell-radiologische oder gefäßchirurgische Maßnahmen in vielen Fällen erfolgreich therapierbar und zum Teil auch heilbar ist. Grundlagen: Die Entstehung einer renovaskulären Hypertonie ist ursä,chlich mit dem Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System verknüpft. Klinik: Klinische Hinweise bzw. Krankheitszustände sind von großer Bedeutung für die frühzeitige klinische Verdachtsdiagnose einer renovaskulären Hypertonie. Diagnostik und Therapie: Eine renovaskuläre Hypertonie kann interventionell-radiologisch (Angioplastie oder Stentversorgung), chirurgisch oder medikamentös therapiert werden. Schlußfolgerung: Eine renovaskuläre Hypertonie kann bei frühzeitiger Diagnosestellung unter den Gesichtspunkten Hypertonie und Niereninsuffizienz in vielen Fällen geheilt oder gebessert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Key words Sneddon's syndrome ; Primary antiphospholipid syndrome ; Differential diagnosis ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a study to investigate differences and similarities between patients with Sneddon's syndrome and those with primary antiphospolipid syndrome (PAS), by clinical follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography. Nine patients with Sneddon's syndrome and 11 patients with PAS were assessed at diagnosis and followed for a mean fo 6 years. The clinical and MRI findings indicated that Sneddon's syndrome and PAS are distinct entities. Patients with Sneddon's syndrome had a progressive clinical course with increasing disability and cognitive deterioration; patients with PAS had a more benign course. Infarcts in territories of the main cerebral arteries were frequent in PAS, while leukoaraiosis and smaller lacunar infacts were more comon in Sneddon's syndrome. In 3 of 7 women initially diagnosed with PAS, the diagnosis was changed to systemic lupus erythematosus during follow-up. Differential diagnosis of Sneddon's syndrome and PAS is important, as early therapy is effective for the latter, more benign, condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Key words Essential tremor ; Therapy ; Alprazolam ; Acetazolamide ; Elderly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Propranolol and primidone are widely used, effective agents in essential tremor although they are not tolerated by all patients. In the present study, the effectiveness of alprazolam, a triazole analog of benzodiazapine class, and acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, were investigated as symptomatic treatments for essential tremor. We studied 22 patients with essential tremor in a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled design. The patients received in random order alprazolam, acetazolamide, primidone and placebo for four weeks, each separated by a two-week washout period. The study demonstrated that alprazolam was superior to placebo and equipotent to primidone, whereas there was no statistically significant difference between acetazolamide and placebo. The mean effective daily dose of alprazolam was 0.75 mg and there was not any troublesome side effect reported by the patients on alprazolam. Alprazolam can be used as an alternative agent in elderly essential tremor patients who can not tolerate primidone or propranolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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