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  • 1970-1974  (1.378)
  • 1920-1924
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (501)
  • Ultrastructure  (453)
  • Electron microscopy  (425)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 285 (1974), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Fenfluramine ; Rat ; Guinea Pig ; Phospholipidosis, drug-induced ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary After administration of the anorectic drug fenfluramine (40 mg/kg per day) to rats (s. c. or i. p.) and guinea pigs (p.o.) over periods of 2 to 11 weeks, electron microscopic examination was performed on lungs, liver, lymphatic tissues and peripheral blood of both species, and on adrenal glands and ovaries of rats. In rats, fenfluramine caused the following alterations (listed according to the duration of treatment): Formation of abnormal lamellated inclusions in lymphocytes and plasma cells of lymphatic tissues, appearance of “foam cells” in lung alveoli; formation of abnormal lamellated inclusions in corpus luteum, lymphocytes of peripheral blood, and in adrenal cortex. In guinea pigs, the same alterations were found in lymphocytes of spleen and peripheral blood, in hepatocytes and in lung. The present observations support the concept of a generalized phospholipidosis induced by amphiphilic compounds. The potency of fenfluramine to induce a lipidosis is, however, considerably less pronounced than that previously demonstrated for the anorectic drug chlorphentermine. This difference is suggested to be due mainly to the lower degree of amphiphilia of fenfluramine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 286 (1974), S. 165-179 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Lipidosis ; Antidepressants ; Neuroleptics ; Lymphocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Lymphocytes of rat lymph nodes have previously been revealed as reliable and sensitive indicators of a particular drug side effect, notably a generalized phospholipidosis, inducible by a compound of amphiphilic character (chlorphentermine). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of other amphiphilic compounds upon rat lymphocytes. After oral administration of various tricyclic antidepressants (iprindole, imipramine, clomipramine, 1-chloro-amitriptyline, 1-chloro-10,11-dehydro-amitriptyline, noxiptiline, amitriptyline), or of two neuroleptic drugs (chlorpromazine, thioridazine) to rats, the popliteal lymph nodes were examined with the electron microscope. After a single application of either iprindole (50 mg/kg), imipramine (100 mg/kg), or clomipramine (150 mg/kg) small proportions of lymphocytes were found to contain abnormal lamellated cytoplasmic inclusions. The size and number of inclusions and the number of affected lymphocytes increased with further treatment. Similar observations were made after treatment with the chlorinated amitriptyline derivatives. On the other hand, only small numbers of lymphocytes were affected by noxiptiline, amitriptyline, chlorpromazine and thioridazine, even after prolonged treatments (up to 13 weeks) with high doses (up to 125–175 mg/kg). The present ultrastructural finding are interpreted as representing lipidosislike cellular alterations, yet of highly varying degrees. The large quantitative differences are tentatively suggested to be due to differences in the rate and mode of metabolism of the drugs, and due to differing degrees of amphiphilia of the compounds applied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Amaurotic Idiocy ; Late infantile Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis ; Mental retardation ; Electron microscopy ; Inclusion bodies ; Membrane bound neuronal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es werden die lichtmikroskopischen, histochemischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde in der Gehirnbiopsie eines Frühfalles von später infantiler Form der amaurotischen Idiotie (oder einer frühen Form der Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt-Krankheit) beschrieben. An die Membranen gebundene cytoplasmatische Einschlußkörperchen sind in einigen wenigen Neuronen vorhanden. Die morphologischen Befunde werden mit Bezug auf die Ätiologie der Erkrankung diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The light microscopic, histochemical and electron microscopic findings in a brain biopsy of an early case of Late Infantile Amaurotic Idioty (early form of Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease) are reported. Membrane bound cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are present in a small number of neurons. The morphological findings are discussed in relation to the etiology of the disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 559-567 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Progressive myoclonus epilepsy (Lafora's disease) ; Type I (Unverricht, Lundborg) ; Type II ; Liver findings ; Clinical aspects ; Histology ; Ultrastructure ; Histochemistry ; Biochemistry ; Glycogenosis type IV ; Progressive Myoklonusepilepsie (Laforasche Erkrankung) ; Typ I (Unverricht, Lundborg) ; Typ II ; Leberbefunde ; Klinik ; Histologie ; Ultrastruktur ; Histochemie ; Biochemie ; Glykogenose Typ IV
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Dem klinischen Bild der progressiven Myoklonusepilepsie (Lafora's disease) liegt eine kongenitale Stoffwechselanomalie mit Ablagerung pathologischer Stoffwechselprodukte vorwiegend im Zentralnervensystem zugrunde. Der häufigere Typ I (Typ Unverricht, Typ Lundborg) zeigt eine regelmäßige Mitbeteiligung von Leber und Myokard sowie teilweise der Muskulatur, der seltenere Typ II ist mit seiner Speicherung nur auf das Zentralnervensystem beschränkt. Die Kenntnis der charakteristischen Leberbefunde kann einmal eine Hilfe sein für die klinische Unterscheidung von Typ I und Typ II, unspezifisch degenerativen Formen der Myoklonusepilepsie sowie gegenüber der myoklonischen Variante der amaurotischen Idiotie. Als eine weitere Möglichkeit könnte das bisher unbekannte Speicherprodukt und der auslösende spezifische Enzymdefekt auf diesem Wege identifiziert werden. Lichtmikroskopisch zeigen die Leberzellen — vorwiegend der Läppchenperipherie — und gelegentlich auch die Kupfferschen Sternzellen eine PAS-positive homogene Speichersubstanz, die in Übereinstimmung mit den Befunden am Zentralnervensystem und am Myocard elektronenoptisch aus granulärem und filamentärem Material aufgebaut ist. Die Deutung der einzelnen Untersucher hinsichtlich der histochemischen und biochemischen Ergebnisse variiert: die Natur des Ablagerungsproduktes wird als Mucopolysaccharid aber auch als Polyglucosan angesprochen. Übereinstimmend sieht man aber die Hauptstörung im Bereich des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels. Die hier demonstrierten bemerkenswerten licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Übereinstimmungen mit der Glykogenose Typ IV lassen nach unserer Auffassung nahe Beziehungen zur Gruppe der Glykogenosen annehmen. Als Thesaurismose ist die Laforasche Erkrankung eine potentielle Vorstufe der Cirrhose. Es entwickelt sich eine mehr oder minder ausgeprägte Mesenchymbeteiligung im Sinne einer chronischen Hepatitis. Eine komplette Cirrhose ist jedoch selbst bei den Spätfällen nicht nachzuweisen. Eine Hepatomegalie als Folge der Speicherung fehlt. Spezifische Leberproben fallen negativ aus. Das klinische Bild wird nicht von Seiten der Leber, sondern ausschließlich von der progredienten neurologisch-psychiatrischen Symptomatik der Myoklonusepilepsie geprägt.
    Notizen: Summary The cause of clinical manifestations of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (Lafora's disease) is an inborn error of metabolism characterised by deposition of pathologic metabolic products in the central nervous system. In the most common type I (Type Unverricht, Type Lundborg) these deposits are regularly located in liver and myocard, and in some cases also in sceletal muscle. In the less common type II they are found only in the central nervous system. The characteristic liver findings might help to distinguish type I, type II, unspecific degenerative forms of myoclonic epilepsy and the myoclonic form of amaurotic idiocy. They also might be valuable in identification of yet unknown specific enzyme defect leading to tissue deposits. Our light microscopy observations demonstrate deposits of a PAS-positive homogene substance in liver cells—especially in the periphery of lobule— and sometimes in Kupffer cells. By electron microscopy this substance is identified as granular and filamentary material. This corresponds to our findings in the central nervous system and myocard. The interpretation of existing histochemical and biochemical studies did not yet solve the question, if the mentioned deposits are mucopolysaccharides or polyglucosanes, however, it is recognized that the main disorder is an error in carbohydrate metabolism. The notable similarity of our light- and electronmicroscopic observations to results obtained in glycogenosis type IV suggest that Lafora's disease might be another form of glycogenosis. As a thesaurismosis Lafora's disease can predispose to cirrhosis. The activation of mesenchyme, less or more pronounced, corresponds to chronic hepatitis. And even in the late forms a complete cirrhosis is not found. This thesaurismosis does not lead to hepatomegaly. Specific liver function tests are negative. The clinical course is characterised not by liver symptoms but by the neurologic and psychiatric symptoms of progressive myoclonic epilepsy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 93-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Dentinogenesis ; Globules ; Pyrophosphatase ; Calcification ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Three-day-old rats were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and thin slices were cut of the first molar germs. The slices were treated with EDTA and “activated” with buffered solutions containing Mg2+, Ca2+ or Zn2+. Incubation was carried out in buffered solutions (pH 8.5) containing inorganic pyrophosphate and Pb2+. In the Mg2+-activated specimens incubation products were localized to the plasma membranes in the stratum intermedium and the subodontoblastic area. Lead deposits were found on the periphery of the dentinal globules. Incubation products were more randomly distributed in Ca2+-activated specimens whereas those activated with Zn2+ displayed a deposition of lead precipitates mainly corresponding to that seen after activation with Mg2+. The findings are discussed in reference to the localization of alkaline phosphatase in the dentin-producing tissues and it is proposed that the results are indicative of the presence of an inorganic pyrophosphatase in these tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 201-212 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des cals expérimentaux de neuf jours, formés au niveau de radius de jeunes rats, sont traités par la méthode calcium-cobalt de Gomori (1939) pour la mise en évidence ultrastructurale de la phosphatase alcaline afin d'étudier son rôle éventuel dans le dépôt du calcium. L'activité enzymatique apparait initialement sous forme de précipités globulaires en dehors de la membrane cellulaire de jeunes chondroblastes hypertrophiques. Ce précipité donne ensuite naissance à des corps sphériques de phosphatase alcaline qui se forme près de la cellule. Ces corps sphériques s'observent dans une zone intermédiaire plus éloignée. Une formation de cristaux en aiguilles (apparemment une calcification) se développe dans des corps isolés ou agrégés, laissant voir nettement leurs limites, même lorsque la calcification est plus avancée au point qu'on ne peut plus distinguer des cristaux individuels. Au niveau des coupes témoins, traitées de façon identique mais sans substrat ou avec de l'E.D.T.A., on n'observe ni précipité enzymatique ou corps sphériques. L'aspect des dépôts cristallins dans des corps qui contiennent de la phosphatase alcaline ne peut s'expliquer que par l'existence d'une association étroite entre enzymes et calcification.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Neun Tage alter experimenteller Kallus an Radii von jungen Ratten wurde mit Gomori's (1939) Calcium-Kobalt Methode untersucht, um die Verteilung der alkalischen Phosphatase und ihre Beziehung zur Calciumablagerung ultrastrukturell zu demonstrieren. Enzymaktivität zeigte sich zuerst als globulares Präzipitat außerhalb der Zellmembran von Knorpelzellen im Beginn der Hypertrophie. Aus dieser Präzipitatschicht entstanden dann gerundete Körperchen, die sich von der Zelle abtrennten. Solche Körperchen wurden auch in größerer Entfernung von der Zelle beobachtet, d.h. in einer Zwischenzone zwischen benachbarten Zellen. Nadelförmige Kristalle, wahrscheinlich von Calcium-Salzen, wurden in einzelnen oder aggregierten Körperchen beobachtet. Die äußere Zone der Körperchen blieb jedoch deutlich sichtbar, selbst dann, wenn der Calciumgehalt derart zugenommen hatte, daß einzelne Kristalle nicht länger erkennbar waren. In Kontrollen, die in gleicher Weise behandelt waren, aber ohne Substrat oder mit Zufügung von EDTA, wurden weder Präzipitate noch Körperchen beobachtet. Das Auftreten von Calciumablagerungen in alkalischer Phosphatase enthaltenden Körperchen scheint kaum anders erklärbar als durch eine enge funktionelle Verbindung zwischen Enzym und Calciumablagerung.
    Notizen: Abstract Nine day old experimental calluses in radii of young rats were treated with Gomori's (1939) calcium-cobalt method to demonstrate ultrastructurally the presence of alkaline phosphatase in a search for its possible role in the desposition of calcium. Enzyme activity first appeared as globule-like precipitates outside the cell membrane of early hypertrophic cartilage cells. This precipitate layer then seemed to give rise to spherical bodies of alkaline phosphatase which occur at a slight distance from the cell. The spherical bodies were also observed further away from the cell in an intermediate zone between neighboring cells. Needle-like crystal formation, apparently calcification, occurred inside single or aggregated bodies, leaving their peripheral rim clearly visible, even when calcification had increased to such an extent that individual crystals could no longer be recognised. In controls, treated in the same way but without substrate, or with EDTA, no enzyme precipitate or spherical bodies were seen. The appearance of crystalline deposits in bodies which contain alkaline phosphatase seems difficult to explain on any other basis than that there is a close functional association between the enzyme and calcification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Scenedesmus Bristles ; Openings ; Props ; Ridges ; Tubules ; Brisble Origin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Bristles radiating from openings were detected on colonies and unicells ofScenedesmus culture N 46, when examined with transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Although narrower, they correspond in gross appearance and ultrastructure to previously describedScenedesmus bristles. Openings, bordered by a series of props, are unlike those ofScenedesmus culture 614. Additional props are observed scattered independently on the cell wall; ridges are composed of a linear row of props. Sections of cells, or cell walls, reveal an additional prop, situated inside the openings; these props are composed of several tubules. Possible extrusion of bristles through these tubules, as well as the origin of the bristle from the cavity and vesicles immediately under the opening are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 175-182 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Septa ; Schizophyllum ; Dissolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A strain ofSchizophyllum commune carrying a mutation in theB-mating factor (B-mut) shows septal dissolution when grown at 30° C for 2 to 3 days. The septa are intact if the organism is grown at 25° C for the same time, but begin to break down within 1 h after transfer to 30° C. At the ultrastructural level the dolipore swelling is the first part of the septal apparatus to be degraded, closely followed by the disorganization of the parenthesomes. A progressive thinning of the septal cross-wall produces an enlargement of the septal aperture sufficient to allow the passage of nuclei. It appears that degradative enzymes are probably carried to the site of septal dissolution in vesicles derived from endoplasmic reticulum in the area of the septal apparatus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 271-279 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Anabaena cylindrica ; Nitrogen Starvation ; Pigmentation ; Ultrastructure ; Heterocyst Differentiation ; Nitrogenase Activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nitrogen starvation, effected by incubating a culture ofAnabaena cylindrica in a medium free from combined nitrogen and under an atmosphere of 1% CO2 in argon, leads to rapid and characteristic changes in the appearance, structure and function of the alga. Change of colour, due apparently to a decrease in the amounts of nitrogenous pigments, is accompanied by a structural transformation of vegetative cells: cyanophycin granules and polyhedral bodies disintegrate, lipid and glycogen accumulate, and large membrane-bound spaces form by means of thylakoid swelling and vesiculation. The rate of heterocyst differentiation and nitrogenase activity is increased. These changes are fully reversed on addition of ammonia to the culture. It appears that thylakoids reform by coalescence of small vesicles assembled in the intrathylakoidal space. Rapid ammonia assimilation is indicated by ample formation of cyanophycin granules in vegetative cells and of “plugs” in the heterocysts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 305-317 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Marine Fungi ; Ultrastructure ; Multilamellate Sporangial Wall ; Sagenogenetosome ; Zoospore Cleavage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The morphology and ultrastructure of aJaponochytrium sp. has been studied by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The wall has been shown to be multilamellate and persistent. Stages in zoospore cleavage are described and sagenogenetosomes reported in mature sporangia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 147-158 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Allomyces ; Zoospores ; Cell Wall ; Wall Formation ; Lomasome ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ultrastructural observations on encysting haploid zoospores of Allomyces arbuscula are presented with special reference to cell wall deposition. Multivesicular bodies are observed in the cytoplasm of zoospores 15 min after inoculation, lomasomes after 30 min and fine membrane profiles between the plasmalemma and the cyst wall are observed after 4 h indicating a possible system for secretion of cell wall components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Chlamydomonas ; Senescent ; Microtubules ; Complexes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Complexes of twisted ribbons composed of ordered arrays of microtubules are identified in close association with the plasmalemma and the surfaces of some organelles in senescent cells of photoheterotrophically cultured Chlamydomonas dysosmos. The ribbon complexes occur throughout the cytoplasm, and do not appear related to the flagellar insertions. The component microtubules are approximately 26 nm in width, exhibiting a center-to-center spacing of about 44 nm. Additional cytoplasmic microtubules are often closely related to the tubular complexes. A detailed description of their fine structure is presented here which tends to support the ascribed function of microtubules in maintaining the structural integrity of the protoplasm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 221-230 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Anabaena cylindrica ; Molybdenum ; Vanadium ; Nitrogenase ; Ultrastructure ; Storage Products ; Heterocyst Frequency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The structural and functional symptoms of molybdenum deficiency inAnabaena cylindrica grown in a medium without combined nitrogen and thus dependent on fixation of elemental nitrogen, resemble those brought about by nitrogen starvation. However, the substantially increased rate of heterocyst differentiation in this culture is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in nitrogenase activity; on the contrary, enzyme activity is severely impaired in the absence of molybdenum. When the supply of molybdenum, or of ammonia, is restored, the alga recovers rapidly. Vanadium exerts an inhibitory effect upon nitrogen-fixing ability of the alga, and its presence in the molybdenum-deficient culture results in the amplification of the symptoms of mlybdenum deficiency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Microbodies ; Vacuolaria ; Gonyostomum ; Chloromonadophyceae ; Chromophyta
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Microbody-like organelles occur in the cytoplasm of two chloromonadophycean algae,Vacuolaria virescens Cienkowsky andGonyostomum semen Diesing. Microbodies ofVacuolaria andGonyostomum have a granular matrix which lacks a crystalloid core; they are often present in close association with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. The occurrence of microbodies in other algae is briefly reviewed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Acid phosphatase ; Electron microscopy ; Shell Regeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Acid phosphatase activity was mainly localized in the lysosomes in all the regions of the outer epithelium. The transitional portion of the outer epithelium showed more intense activity than the other regions. During shell regeneration the activity of this portion decreased to a minimum level at 12 hours and was restored to normal at 72 hours. The other regions showed no change of activity during shell regeneration. It is postulated that the acid phosphatase in the transitional protion is responsible for conferring calcifiability to the organic matrix of the shell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1974), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Lung ; Stretch receptors ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Lappenbronchien (3./6.) (Durchmesser bei mittlerer Inspirationslage 500–700 μ) von männlichen und weiblichen Wistarratten wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Diese Bronchien entsprechen im Wandbau den mittleren Bronchioli größerer Säugetiere. Freie, verzweigte lanzettförmige Terminalfasern werden im Bindegewebe der lamina propria beschrieben. Sie sind in das elastisch muskuläre System der Bronchuswand eingebaut. Die zugehörige markhaltige afferente Nervenfaser ist verzweigt und hat einen Durchmesser von 4–6 μ. Außerdem werden efferente motorische Endigungen an der glatten Bronchialmuskulatur beschrieben. Die freien lanzettförmigen und verzweigten Terminalfasern sind möglicherweise Dehnungsrezeptoren für den Hering Breuer Reflex.
    Notizen: Summary In rats the 3rd to 6th bronchi, measuring 500–700 μ in diameter during inspiration, were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The histological appearance of these bronchi is comparable to that of medium sized bronchioles of larger animals. The branched and lanceolate terminals are associated with the connective tissue of the lamina propria and the smooth muscle cell layer. In this way the terminals are bound to the myoelastic system of the bronchial wall. The myelinated afferent fiber is branched and the diameter measures about 4–6 microns. Besides afferent nerve terminals these are numerous efferent endings on the smooth muscle basement laminae. It is supposed that the described receptor represents the pulmonary stretch receptor of the Hering Breuer reflex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Calcitonin ; C-Cells of the thyroid and cells of the parathyroid glands ; Secondary hyperparathyroidism ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf ein- bis achtwöchiger Behandlung von Wistar-Ratten mit täglich 300 mMRC Einheiten Schweinecalcitonin kam es in den C-Zellen der Schilddrüse, verglichen mit denen der Kontrollserien (unbehandelte und mit Acetatpuffer allein behandelte Tiere), einerseits zu einer morphometrisch signifikanten Abahme der Zahl der Sekretgranula, während andererseits sämtliche Zellorganellen (Mitochondrie,, Golgi-Apparat und auch das granuläre endoplasmatische Reticulum) besser entwickelt waren. In den in gleichen Zeitabschnitten untersuchten Parathyroideazellen fanden wir bei mit Calcitonin behandelten Ratten Strukturveränderungen, die auf eine erhöhte Aktivität hinwiesen: Einfaltungen des Kerns, Erweiterung der Intercellularräume mit Vermehrung und Verlängerung der in diese hineinragenden Mikrovilli, bessere Ausbildung des Golgi-Apparates und des granulären endoplasmatischen Reticulums sowie eine größere Menge freier Ribosomen. Die Zahl der Sekretgranula war eindeutig höher als bei den Kontrolltieren. Der Ca ++- und Mg++-Blutspiegel zeigte während der ganzen Versuchsdauer bei allen Tieren keine statistisch faßbaren Änderungen. Die Autoren vertreten die Hypothese, daß die Aktivierung der C-Zellen durch das Auftreten eines durch die Calcitoninverabreichung hervorgerufenen sekundären Hyperparathyroidismus zustande kommt.
    Notizen: Summary Male Wistar rats were injected for one to eight weeks with 300 mMRC units per day of porcine calcitonin. During this period C-cells (or “parafollicular” cells) of the thyroid gland and cells of the parathyroid glands were examined ultrastructurally. The C-cells were further studied morphometrically in animals treated with calcitonin dissolved in acetate buffer as well as in acetate buffer- and not-treated control animals. In the thyroid C cells the number of secretion granules significantly decreased following calcitonin administration, whereas the volume of all cell organelles (mitochondria, Golgi complex and granular endoplasmic reticulum) augmented. The cells of the parathyroid glands of the calcitonin-treated rats showed structural changes due to higher activity: invaginations of the nuclear envelope, enlargement of the intercellular spaces with increase in number and size of the microvilli, better development of the Golgi complex and the granular endoplasmic reticulum, larger population of free ribosomes and secretory granules. However, no significant differences in the blood calcium and magnesium levels were detected when a comparison was made of calcitonin-treated and control animals. All these observations support the hypothesis that the activation of the C-cells may result from a secondary hyperparathyroidism itself induced by the administration of moderate doses of calcitonin.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1974), S. 95-111 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An experimental electron microscopical study has been made on the mode of termination of the cerebellothalamic projections in the cat. Supporting experimental light microscopical studies of silver impregnated sections following a large lesion of the cerebellar nuclei and light microscopical autoradiographic studies of the thalamus following injections of tritiated leucine in parts of the cerebellar nuclei, have been made as well. Following large lesions of the cerebellar nuclei, only the largest occuring type of bouton in the cat's VL and VA (type LR bouton) degenerates. Following such lesions, type LR boutons undergo a filamentous hypertrophy before becoming electrondense. One degenerating LR bouton establishes complex synapses with the dendrites of both thalamocortical relay cells and interneurons. Not all type LR boutons in VL and VA degenerate following lesions of the cerebellar nuclei. Light microscopical autoradiographic studies as well as experimental electron microscopical investigations indicate that cerebellothalamic fibers end in clusters within VL and VA, and that the areas of termination lie more rostrally within these thalamic nuclei than has been inferred from experimental studies of silver impregnated sections following lesions of the cerebellar nuclei. The findings are discussed with respect to relevant morphological and physiological data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1974), S. 45-62 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Baboon ; Cleavage stages ; Embryos ; Preimplantation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La structure et l'ultrastructure des embryons de babouin sont étudiées dans la période précédant l'implantation. Six stades du développement embryonnaire sont observés 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 et 8 jours après la date présumée de fécondation. Dans les 3 premiers cas, on compte respectivement 2, 8 et 24 blastoméres. A 5 jours, il y a 30 à 40 cellules et un nombre dépassant 60, ultérieurement. Des cellules trophoblastiques primitives se différencient à 7 jours et une cavité de segmentation en forme de croissant apparaît au 8 ème jour. La zone pellucide est toujours présente à 8 jours, la période de préimplantation semblant plus longue chez le babouin que chez l'homme. Des particules de type C sont décrites dans la zone pellucide et les espaces périvitellin et interblastomériques. La transformation des mitochondries, des changements dans la répartition des ribosomes, des corps multivésiculaires, pseudocristallins et figures myéliniques, des nucléoles et amas granuleux intra-nucléaires s'observent chez le babouin comme chez certains autres Mammifères; par contre, les faisceaux fibrillaires cytoplasmiques sont absents. L'étude des changements de l'ultrastructure provoqués par des hormones et drogues permettrait de mieux évaluer la nocivité de ces substances pendant les premiers stades du développement embryonnaire des Primates.
    Notizen: Summary The baboon preimplantation stages were examined using light and electron microscopy. Six cases were studied at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 days estimated fertilization age. The first 3 specimens were composed of 2, 8 and 24 blastomeres respectively. At 5 days, 30 to 40 cells were counted and more than 60 cells in later stages. Primitive “trophoblast cells” differentiate at 7 days and a crescentic blastocoele appears at 8 days. Shedding of the zona pellucida is not observed in the 7 and 8 day specimens. The preimplantation period is longer in the baboon than in man. C-type viruses are observed in the zona pellucida, in the perivitelline and interblastomeric spaces. Microvilli and caveolae cover the periphery of the baboon conceptus. As in many other mammals, transformation of the mitochondria, changes in the ribosomes distribution, multivesicular bodies, myelin figures, nucleoli and intranuclear clusters of granules are described in the baboon. Cytoplasmic fibrous strands are not present as in the mouse. Experiments on the influence of hormones and drugs on ultrastructural changes would help to evaluate the importance of biohazards during the early development of primates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 144 (1974), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Mammals ; Mole ; Ovary ; Interstitial cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Ovar des Maulwurfs wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Der Feinbau der verschiedenen Follikel und der Keimzellen entspricht dem anderer Species. Die Granulosa wird vermutlich erst mit der Ovulation luteinisiert. Sie enthält reichlich rauhes endoplasmatisches Reticulum und Sprossen von glattem endoplasmatischem Reticulum. Die Zellen der Theka interna leiten sich von Fibrocyten ab und enthalten neben reichlich glattem ER auch granuläres ER sowie Lipidtropfen und Mitochondrien mit Cristae und Tubuli. Diese Zellen ähneln in ihrer Feinstruktur stark den Zwischenzellen des ovarialen Marks. Dieses enthält in der Marksträngen Epithelien, die einer kräftigen Basalmembran aufsitzen. Sie werden teils als embryonal persistierende Vorstufen von Granulosa- oder Sertoli-Zellen, teils als Granulosasprossen aus der Rinde gedeutet. Für die Zwischenzellen des Marks erscheint eine Analogie mit den Hiluszellen des menschlichen Ovarialmarks bzw. eine Homologie mit den Leydig-Zellen des Hodens zweifelhaft. Als mögliche Quelle für diesen Zelltyp werden neben embryonal liegengebliebenen Anteilen auch Thekakeile und Epoophoronzellen sowie Fibroblasten diskutiert. Neben einer Steroid-synthese dürfte ihnen eine Reserve- und Speicherfunktion zukommen.
    Notizen: Summary In order to make possible comparison between relatively primitive and relatively specialized gonads, the ovary of the mole was studied by light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles and of the germ cells is similar to that of other species. The granulosa cells of secondary and early tertiary follicles contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and a small number profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The cells of the theca interna, which develop from simple fibrocytes are rich in smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and contain many lipid droplets and mitochondria, which possess both cristae and tubuli mitochondriales. At the time of ovulation, the granulosa cells are luteinized and their ultrastructure changes correspondingly. The medulla of the ovary is composed of the medullary cords and the interstitial cells. The medullary cords are solid epithelial cords, which are surrounded by a prominent basement membrane. They may be derived from embryonic precursors of granulosa—or Sertoli-cells or bud from the cortical zonae granulosae. There is a striking morphological similarity between the theca and interstitial cells. The interstitial cells of the ovarian medulla differ from the hilus cells of the human ovary and the Leydig-cells of the testis. They may develop either from embryonic rudiments of Leydig—or hilus-cell precursors, or bud from the theca or the epoophoron, or they may develop from fibrocytes. In addition to their suggested activity in steroid biosynthesis, the interstitial cells may have a trophic or storage function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 144 (1974), S. 75-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Colonic mucosa ; Mouse ; Vacuolated cells ; Electron microscopy ; Morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Swiss ICR adult male mice were used to analyse regional morphologic differences in the mucosa of the colon. The three cell types recently described in the descending colon of the mouse were also observed in the transverse and in the ascending colon. However the vacuolated cells of the crypts have presented different morphological characteristics depending on their localisation. In the ascending colon, they exhibited small supranuclear vesicles in contrast to the large vesicles observed in the descending colon. Several cell combining features of argentaffin-vacuolated, goblet-vacuolated and goblet-argentaffin cells have been observed. Furthermore a special type of granule referred to as a secondary lysosome was observed in the peripheral area of the typical goblet cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1974), S. 35-44 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Myosatellite cells ; Shark ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The myosatellite cells in the axial muscles of the sharkGaleus melastomus is found more frequently in the red muscle fibers than in the white fibers. The total length of the cell extensions is about 100 μm. In about 20% of all cases, the extensions were present in pairs, and it is concluded that the satellite cell processes bifurcate. Processes towards the intercellular space and towards the interior of the muscle fiber are also described. The cytoplasm of the satellite cells contain glycogen, Golgi elements, lysosome-like vesicles, granular endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules. It is concluded that the morphology of the satellite cells indicates a more active function than that of a dormant reserve myoblast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 145 (1974), S. 187-196 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Human skeletal muscle ; Sarcolemma ; Isolation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An isolation procedure for sarcolemma of human skeletal muscle is described. The method includes the possibility to prepare sarcoplasmic reticulum from the same muscle fibres. Electron microscopy reveals a homogeneous final fraction of 80–90% myofibre enveloping membranes contaminated by blood vessel membranes. The typical three-laminar composition of isolated sarcolemma is demonstrated. The mechanism of muscle fibre emptying is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 145 (1974), S. 169-186 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Renal innervation ; Rat ; Peripheral nerves ; Neuroeffector zones ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In der Rattenniere werden die muskelzellhaltigen arteriellen Gefäße und der juxtaglomeruläre Apparat innerviert. Blutgefäße mit Pericyten, porenhaltige Capillaren sowie die Tubuli der Rinde und des Markes werden nicht von Nervenfasern begleitet. Ganglienzellen wurden in der Rattenniere nicht beobachtet. Periphere Nerven mit einem ein-bis zweischichtigen Perineurium kommen im paravasalen Gewebe der Interlobar- und Arcuata-Arterien vor; sie enthalten neben zahlreichen marklosen Nervenfasern gewöhnlich auch 2–4 markhaltige. Nervenfaser-Bündel ohne perineurale Scheide finden sich im paravasalen Gewebe der Arcuata- und Interlobular-Arterien. Darüber hinaus sind in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft der großen Arterien (Interlobar-, Arcuata- und Inter-lobular-arterien) und der Vasa afferentia marklose Nervenfasern und freie Axone vorhanden, die auch die proximalen Abschnitte der Vasa efferentia der subcapsulären und intermediären Rindenschicht begleiten. Im Nierenmark werden die juxtamedullären Vasa efferentia und die Arteriolae rectae innerviert; marklose Nervenfasern und freie Axone sind nur bis zur Außen-Innenstreifen-Grenze nachweisbar. Die Innervation der muskelzellhaltigen arteriellen Gefäße erfolgt durch aufgetriebene Axonabschnitte (Neuroeffektor-Zonen), die vorwiegend agranuläre Vesikel enthalten. Diese Strukturen liegen stets an der Grenze von Adventitia und Media bzw. Elastica externa; zwischen den glatten Muskelzellender Media wurden keine vesikelhaltigen Axonabschnitte gefunden. Als minimaler Abstand zwischen den vesikelhaltigen Axonabschnitten und den von einer Basalmembran umschlossenen glatten Muskelzellen (neuromuskuläre Distanz) wurden 600 Å gemessen. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse werden mit den fluoreszenzmikroskopischen und histochemischen Untersuchungen über die adrenerge und cholinerge Innervation der Niere verglichen. Die sich aus diesem Vergleich ergebenden Probleme und funktionellen Konsequenzen für die Innervation der Niere sowie die Natur der cholinergen Fasern (afferente oder postganglionäre parasympathische Fasern) werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The innervation of the rat kidney is defined by a system which supplies those arterial blood vessels whose walls contain smooth muscle cells and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Vessels containing pericytes, or those vessels composed of an endothelium only, as well as the tubules of both the cortex and medulla, are not innervated. Furthermore, ganglion cells do not occur in the rat kidney. The nervous apparatus of the rat kidney consists of peripheral vegetative nerves, ensheathed by a perineurium, with 2–4 myelinated fibers running in the paravasal tissue of the interlobar and arcuate arteries, and of nerve bundles without a perineurial sheath in the paravasal tissue of the arcuate and interlobular arteries. Non-myelinated fibers and free axons occur in the immediate vicinity of the great arteries (interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular) and the vasa afferentia. Nerve fibers and free axons are also seen in the vicinity of only the proximal parts of those vasa efferentia which supply the cortical capillary plexus. The arteriolae rectae of the medulla, and their vasa efferentia, from which they arise, are innervated by non-myelinated fibers and free axons which accompany these arterial vessels only to the boundary of the outer and inner stripe of the outer zone of the medulla. The functional innervation of those vessels with smooth muscle cells results from neuro-effector zones which predominantly show agranular vesicles. These structures were never seen between the smooth muscle cells within the media; the minimum neuromuscular distance was 600 Å. The present findings are correlated with the lightmicroscopically demonstrated adrenergic and cholinergic innervation. The resultant problems and functional consequences of the innervation of the kidney, especially the nature of the cholinergic fibers (afferent or post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers) are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1974), S. 239-254 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Oocyte ; Follicle cells ; Intercellular bridges ; Lizard ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. Intercellular bridges connect the oocyte with its surrounding follicle cells. 2. Fibrillar bundles and microtubules are oriented along the length of the bridge. Mitochrondria, endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular vesicles and other cytoplasmic components are also present in this region. 3. This communication may be very important for the flow of nutrients necessary for the growth of the oocyte.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 144 (1974), S. 85-100 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): X zone ; Electron microscopy ; Development ; Adrenal ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The postnatal development and involution of the X zone in the mouse adrenal cortex of both sexes were examined using the light and electron microscopes. At 0–5 days of age, no special cell group could be distinguished for the developing X zone in the inner cortex. The inner cortical cells contained spherical or ellipsoidal mitochondria with vesiculotubular cristae, vesiculotubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) and electron-lucent lipid droplets. The first sign of the developing X zone was the appearance of small groups of cells in juxtamedullary region differing from the cells in other part of inner cortex at 8 days. The electron microscopy showed that such cells contained nuclei of somewhat irregular outline and some parallel stacks of flattened sER. At 10–11 days, a thin layer of small eosinophilic cells were clearly identified as the developing X zone light microscopically in both sexes. Electron microscopically, the X zone cells showed a much dense cytoplas, which contained abundant sER, many mitochondria and numerous ribosomes. The typical X zone cells were characterized by the formation of peculiar mitochondrial complexes and whorled pattern of the sER. Mitoses were often found in the X zone, where mitotic cells even contained the whorled sER and bizarre mitochondria characteristic of the typical X zone cells. In the male the X zone rapidly involuted and might disappear by 30 days of age, whereas in the female X zone persisted as a thicker layer with the earlist sign of fatty degeneration. The origin of the X zone cell and the process of formation of its characteristic organelles are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1974), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Placenta ; Cat ; Differentiation ; Function ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'ultrastructure du labyrinthe de placenta de chatte a été étudiée du 45e au 63e jour de gestation. Cette formation endothéliochoriale est composée: d'un endothélium maternel hypertrophié et de cellules géantes déciduales; d'une couche de «substance inerte interstitielle»; du trophoblaste constitué d'une assise syncytiale continue (syncytiotrophoblaste) et d'une assise cellulaire discontinue (cytotrophoblaste); d'un endothélium foetal accompagné de son environnement mésenchymateux. Les capillaires foetaux envahissent progressivement le syncytiotrophoblaste. L'hypertrophie de l'endothélium maternel diminue en fin de gestation; de ce fait la distance, séparant le sang maternel du sang foetal, peut atteindre en certains points 2 μ. L'endothélium maternel, le syncytiotrophoblaste et l'endothélium foetal présentent des signes ultrastructuraux d'un rôle de transfert. La «substance inerte inerte interstitielle», qui sépare les tissus d'origine maternelle des tissus d'origine foetale, est constante mais d'épaisseur variable; elle est spécifique des structures endothéliochoriales. Les cellules géantes déciduales, dont le nombre diminue en fin de gestation comportent parfois un ou plusieurs «corps glycogéniques». Le syncytiotrophoblaste, siége d'activité de biosynthése de stéroïdes, est riche en ergastoplasme, ce qui autorise à postuler la synthése d'hormones protéiques.
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of feline placental labyrinth has been studied from the 45th to the 63rd day of gestation. The endotheliochorial structure is composed of: a thick hypertrophied maternal endothelium with giant decidual cells; an “interstitial inert substance”; a continuous syncytial layer (syncytiotrophoblast) and a discontinuous cellular layer (cytotrophoblast) of trophoblast; and a thin foetal endothelium with its surrounding mesenchyme. Foetal capillaries increasingly invade the syncytiotrophoblast. Maternal endothelial hypertrophy is reduced in the last days of gestation. Thus the interval between maternal and foetal bloods may in some areas become 2 μ, in late pregnancy. Foetal endothelium, syncytiotrophoblast, and maternal endothelium demonstrate ultrastructural features of transfer function. The “interstitial inert substance”, which separates maternal from foetal tissue was always evident though with variable thickness. The giant decidual cells which are reduced in late pregnancy, show one or several “glycogen bodies”. The syncytiotrophoblast, where some steroïd biosynthesis has been demonstrated, has an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum suggestive of protein hormone synthesis activity.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1974), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Mouse kidney ; Thin limbs ; Ultrastructure ; Renal concentrating mechanism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The thin limbs of the loops of Henle in the mouse kidney have been investigated by conventional electron microscopy. Resulting from light microscopic investigations, a distinction in the epithelia of short and long loops can be demonstrated. Ultrastructurally, the thin limbs (descending) of short loops are composed of a uniformly thin and simple epithelium. In contrast, long loops (thin descending and ascending) are composed of three different epithelial types which are representative of a distinctly more complex epithelial system. Two epithelial types were observed in the thin descending limbs of long loops and the third type was observed in the ascending thin limbs. Based upon these findings it is suggested that the thin descending limbs of short and long loops of Henle in the mouse kidney cannot perform the same functions in the renal concentrating mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1974), S. 219-224 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Leydig cells ; Differentiation ; Explants ; Ultrastructure ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Testes of newborn mice not older than one day were transplanted into the anterior chamber of one eye of an adult male white Holtzman rat. The events observed in the Leydig cells of the grafted testes can be divided into two periods. Period one is marked by differentiation; period two, by dedifferentiation. In period one, the lipid and glycogen inclusions disappear, possibly owing to the gonadotropins of the host. In period two, which starts after day 15 post-grafting, the lipids and glycogen reappear; the Leydig cells now contain residual bodies, whereas the S.E.R. disappears. Immunological mechanisms can be implicated; it is suggested that the Leydig cells dedifferentiate because the host's gonadotropins may be incapable of evoking and/or activating the genetic memory of the grafted Leydig cells.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1974), S. 19-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Gonads/embryology ; Swine/embryology ; Sex determination ; Electron microscopy ; Sex characteristics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pig embryos aged 21–22 days (d) were obtained from artificially inseminated sows for an ultrastructural study of the development and sex differentiation of the gonadal ridge. The chromosomal sex of the embryos was identified by a chromosome analysis. At the age of 21 d the gonadal ridge consisted of three different tissue: the surface epithelium, the primitive cords, and the mesenchyme. The surface epithelial cells contained elongate mitochondria with lamellar cristae, granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER), the Golgi complex, free polysomes, coated vesicles and fine filaments. The epithelium was continuous with the primitive cords, which were composed of ultrastructurally similar cells. The epithelial basal lamina followed the cord surface, but covered it incompletely. Primordial germ cells (PGC) were located under the surface epithelium in the mesenchyme and in the cords. The nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, and the large mitochondria were round. The cytoplasm contained a pair of centrioles, the Golgi complex, solitary lamellae of the GER, free polysomes, lipid droplets and some coated vesicles. The PGC entered the gonadal cords before these were surrounded by the continuous basal lamina. A day later (22 d) the number and length of the cords were increased. The PGC were more frequent and seen also in deeper layers. All the structures studied at the age of 21–22 d showed that the gonadal ridge also at the ultrastructural level is at the sexually indifferent stage.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 419-436 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Gloeobacter violaceus ; Photosynthetic Pigments ; DNA Base Composition ; Fatty Acid Composition ; Cyanobacterium ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Gloebacter violaceus gen. and sp. n. is a unicellular photosynthetic prokaryote of unusual cellular structure. The only unit membrane in the small, rod-shaped cells is the cytoplasmic membrane, which has a simple contour, without intrusions. Immediately underlying it is an electron-dense layer 80 nm thick. Gloeobacter is an aerobic photoautotroph which contains chlorophyll α, β-carotene and other carotenoids, allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. Chlorophyll and carotenoids are associated with the particulate fraction of cell-free extracts, and are thus probably localized in the cytoplasmic membrane. The phycobiliproteins may be associated with the electron-dense 80 nm layer. The DNA contains 64.4 moles percent GC. The cellular lipids have a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, largely linoleate and γ-linolenate. Despite its atypical fine structure, Gloeobacter is evidently a cyanobacterium, sufficiently different from other unicellular cyanobacteria to be placed in a new genus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 331-344 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Myxomycetes ; Ultrastructure ; Development ; Systematics ; Food Vacuoles ; Stalk Development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Observations of sporophore development in fresh and glutaraldehydeosmium sequentially-fixed material ofProtophysarum phloiogenum show the following sequence. Small plasmodia cease streaming and round up. Food vacuoles collect in the lower center of the cytoplasmic mass. As the cytoplasm rises the food vacuolar contents are excluded from the plasmalemma and become the stalk core. A continuous, fibrous peridium and stalk tube enclose cytoplasm and stalk core respectively. Capillitial formation just precedes spore cleavage. Sporophore development is marked by autophagic activity and calcium deposition. Stalks of dried herbarium specimens of seven additional species have been examined. A mature stalk morphology very similar toProtophysarum with recognizable remnants of microorganismal food material is seen in all of them. It is thought that this marker is indicative of non-stemonitaceous stalk development.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 101 (1974), S. 95-107 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Zoophagus insidians Rotifer ; Predacious Fungi ; Oomycetes ; Glue Secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The predacious watermold Zoophagus insidians traps loricate rotifers on short, lateral branches of the main, hyphal axis. These branches or “traps” are packed at their distal ends with a number of vesicles filled with an electron-dense matrix. Electron micrographs of the mycelium disclose a two-layered wall; the outer layer is electron dense and the inner, electron transparent. The outer dense layer on the tip of the “trap” is organized into a number of fine ridges and occasional discontinuities. Thin sections through recently trapped rotifers indicate that the cilia of the animals are stuck to the trap by a glue. This adhesive is derived from secretion of the matrix of the vesicles aggregated in the tip of the trap. The secretion mechanism is triggered by the animal and is accompanied by: 1. The separation of the two layers of the wall, 2. fusion of the vesicles with the cell membrane and 3. extrusion of the glue through pits in the tip of the inner wall of the “trap”. After snaring a rotifer, the previously arrested branch grows as a haustorium into the body cavity of the animal. The host tissues disintegrate within a few hours and appear to be the main nutrient source of the fungus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 299-314 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Brain cortex slices ; Ultrastructure ; Fluid spaces ; Swelling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A comparison was made between morphological and biochemical estimates of extracellular and intracellular fluid spaces in rat brain cortex slices incubated under different conditions. By light microscopy the periphery of the slices was found to be more swollen than the center; this regional difference was verified biochemically in unfixed tissue. The electronmicroscopic evaluation of intra- and extracellular fluid spaces was accordingly based upon findings in a preselected area. Due to intracellular penetration of inulin in rat brain cortex slices the biochemically, determined extracellular and intracellular spaces were obtained by compartmental analysis of the inulin space. The concordance between the biochemical and the morphological findings was good: Both methods showed that the extracellular space increased during the incubation to a considerable magnitude after one hr. and that this extracellular space was reduced by excess potassium, glutamate, anoxia or incubation at 0°. Under the same conditions the biochemically determined intracellular space was increased. This cellular swelling was confirmed morphologically and found to comprise mainly glia cells after exposure to excess potassium, predominantly neurons after incubation at 0° and both cell types after anoxia or addition of glutamate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus ; Spirillum serpens ; Freeze Fracture ; Electron Microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane Damage ; Organismic Associations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The freeze-fracture technique and electron microscopy have been used to demonstrate that localized damage is inflicted upon the cytoplasmic membrane of Spirillum serpens VHL within 20 to 30 min after the start of its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D. This damage is not observed in uninfected Spirillum cells, nor in infected cells within the first 10 min. This damage takes the form of a “blister” which, when viewed stereoscopically in electron micrographs, is seen to project toward the interior of the Spirillum cell. Shortly after its formation, the blister becomes elaborated into a series of ridges which may assume forms ranging from an elaborate spiral to a series of loops or knots. The formation of a blister is shown to involve both the inner and outer leaves of the membrane bilayer, and evidence is presented to indicate that the blister site corresponds to the site of attachment of the Bdellovibrio cell. The hypothesis is proposed that this ultrastructural damage is the cytological basis for the controlled and localized leakage through the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasmic space of the Spirillum cell at locations adjacent to the Bdellovibrio cell. It is suggested that this localized membrane damage may be the ultrastructural basis for the high efficiency with which bdellowvibrios are known to incorporate cytoplasmic materials from the other bacteria in whose periplasmic spaces they develop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Streptomycetes ; Ultrastructure ; Surface Sheath
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract 1. Tubular-like structures were regularly revealed in the surface sheath of the aerial mycelium of the parent strain of Streptomycetes roseoflavus var. roseofungini. In their shape and dimensions these structures were highly reminiscent of those massive accumulation of which was earlier reported to occur in cultures of dedifferentiated nocardioform “fructose” mutant of the same parent strain. 2. The tubular-like structures of the aerial mycelium sheath were shown to be markedly susceptible to brief acetone washing, undergoing almost complete desintegration. 3. On addition of water to crude acetone extract of the aerial mycelium precipitation and possible selfassembly of a spectrum of various structures occurred (folded scaly, bubble-like, spout-like). Some among structures so produced were reminiscent of those found in spectra of structures observed in reconstruction experiments with tubules from the mutant as well as of structures found in the aerial sheath of the parent strain and some other actinomycetes. Similarity in subunit structure of above materials was also noticeable. The presence, in the sheath of aerial mycelium, of material with a tendency to selforganization is discussed in relation to the possible involvement of selfassembly processes in the formation of the surface sheath.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ; Hallervorden-Spatz Disease ; Mitochondria ; Axonal Swelling ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Multifocal central white matter axonal swelling characterized electron microscopically by focal axonal mitochondrial and membraneous body enrichment occurred in a 52 year old man who presented with the chief complaint of severe progressive muscular weakness accompanied by disorientation. The clinical and pathological findings in this patient appear unique and are presented in order to broaden our concepts of axis cylinder pathology.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 225-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Optic Nerve ; Schilder's Disease ; Devic's Disease ; Disseminated Sclerosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the optic nerve is described and compared in: a)Schilder's Disease, b)Devic's Disease, c)Disseminated Sclerosis. a) Schilder's Disease. Parts of the nerve were demyelinated, sometimes extensively so and from these regions the oligodendrocytes had disappeared and there was proliferation of astrocytes. Parallel bundles of fibres with a “railway line” formation, occurred in the cytoplasm of the astrocytes. Phagocytes infiltrated the damaged nerve bundles and the fibrous septa between them. Osmiophilic particles occurred in the astrocytes, capillary endothelial cells and in the phagocytes. The collagen fibres of some septa were widely separated presumably by fluid. b) Devic's Disease. This condition occurred in a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The nerve was extensively demyelinated and showed absence of oligodendrocytes, proliferation of astrocytes and infiltration by macrophages. Some astrocytes possessed Rosenthal fibres. Intranuclear inclusions occurred in the astrocytes and electron dense cytoplasmic inclusions in the capillary endothelial cells and the macrophages. c) Disseminated Sclerosis. Parts of the nerve were partially and other parts completely demyelinated. Oligodendrocytes were absent from the completely demyelinated zones but were present in the partially demyelinated zones. In and around the demyelinated regions, there was proliferation of astrocytes and they frequently exhibited the “railway line” patterns in their cytoplasm. Phagocytes were frequent amongst the degenerating myelin and the proliferating astrocytes and also in the fibrous septa. Some macrophages presented intranuclear inclusions having a “corn on the cob” appearance.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 287-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Lead Toxicity ; Brain ; Cerebral Endothelium ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of cerebral vessels was studied at various stages of brain development in chick embryos exposed to lead intoxication when they were 4 days old. The endothelial cells showed swelling of mitochondria, presence of many cytolysosomal structures, many tubular bodies, and coated vesicles. A few vessels showed attenuation on the lining endothelial cells. The significance of these morphological alterations are discussed.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 277-285 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Chick Embryo ; Brain ; Blood Vessels ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the blood vessels was studied in the developing brain of chick embryo. The blood vessels were present in the embryos first examined (4 days after incubation) and their number increased in subsequent stages. The endothelial cells were generally large and showed junctional complexes, many microvilli and a large number of cytoplasmic organelles. Many tubular bodies and coated vesicles were also present. The tubular bodies were sometimes noted near the Golgi apparatus, suggesting their origin from this organelle. The mitochondria in the endothelial cells were generally larger than those in the surrounding neuropil. An ill-defined basement membrane-like substance was noted outside some endothelial cells on the 11th day and well formed basement membrane was present in the vessels of 18 day old embryos. A complete subpial astrocytic basement membrane was present from the early stage studied (4 days).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 363-368 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Parallel and Concentric Tubules ; Arachnoid Cells ; Cerebral Glioma ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Parallel and concentric tubules were observed in the cytoplasm of arachnoid cells overlying cerebral gliomas. The parallel tubules were 400–500 Å wide. Their electron dense walls, 150 Å thick lay 200–250 Å apart with distensions up to 400 Å in diameter at irregular intervals between the walls. The walls formed terminal loops limiting up to 4 adjacent tubules; transverse extensions were present between adjacent walls. The tubules sometimes communicated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum from which they may possibly arise. The concentric tubules were 250 Å wide: they communicated at irregular intervals.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Chronic Lead Intoxication ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Microglia ; Pericytes ; Monocytes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Wistar rats of both sexes and the same litter were exposed to chronic lead intoxication from birth untill sacrifice 9 months later. Lead was administered as 0.4% solution of lead nitrate in drinking water. Samples from the parietal brain cortex were examined electron microscopically following intracardiac perfusion with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde solution. Similar changes were observed in the microglial cells and the vascular pericytes whereas all the other tissue elements appeared intact. Both cell types hypertrophied, the microglia assumed characteristic spindle or rod shape, the cell organelles increased, the microglial endoplasmic reticulum widened strongly and a large number of lipid inclusions appeared. The latter consisted of large lipid droplets of varying size and shape, containing multiple zones of low density, and a dense component with a coarse granular structure. The similarity in the response of both cell entities to the lesion as well as some probable functions of microglial cells and their relationship to vascular pericytes are discussed.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Myoclonic Epilepsy ; Atypical Myoclonus Body (Type II) ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Histochemical studies of type II myoclonus bodies demonstrated that they were composed of a saccharide-lipid complex with a small amount of protein. In particular, they contained phospholipid, ganglioside and sphingomyelin. The ultrastructure of the bodies revealed that they were bound by a membrane. They were diffusely stippled or homogeneous. They were not formed of filaments or lamellae. Some correlation with microbody or lysosomal structures in association with degeneration of the neurone was suggested.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Human Outer Cortex ; Pia Mater
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pia mater consists of a single, interrupted layer of elongated cells which lie fairly close to the surface of the cortex. Granular material and some collagen fibres lie between the pial cells and the cortex, a greater amount of collagen being present where the pial cells are discontinuous. Basement membrane covers the outer aspect of the cortex, the outer layer of which is formed by interlacing astrocyte processes of varying size. The processes are closely applied with occasional desmosomes between them. Projections of astrocyte processes of different dimensions covered by basement membrane extend at irregular intervals from the cortex into the subarachnoid space.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 251-262 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Polymyositis ; Ultrastructure ; Histiocytes ; Birbeck Granules ; Macrophages
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A fatal case of polymyositis in a young female is presented. Two muscle biopsies obtained before and after treatment with large doses of steroids, as well as autopsy tissue, demonstrated widespread degeneration of myofibres associated with cytoplasmic tuboreticular structures resembling paramyxovirus nucleocapsids in capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Aggregates of spherical particles and “simple and granular” nuclear bodies suggested a virus-related or associated etiologic agent. In addition, interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin, probably related to macrophages or histiocytes were present. These contained numerous rodlike profiles or phagolysosomal bodies which resembled “Birbeck” granules. Inflammatory response was very scant. It would appear that polymyositis probably represents a primary reaction to antigemic substances and a morphologic manifestation of altered host macrophage response.
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Muscular Pathology ; Ultrastructure ; Abnormal Muscular Inclusion ; Fingerprint Bodies ; Myofilament Synthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary “Fingerprint bodies” are added to the “atypical” formations described in diseased muscle. These subsarcolemmal inclusions are variable in size and number, not membrane-bound and are formed by fine microtubules. They are not characteristic of a specific muscular disease and occur probably along with a focal anomaly of myofilament synthesis.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Malignant Lymphoma ; Blood Vessels ; Lymphe Node ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the blood vessels of an apparently primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma was compared with those in another malignant lymphoma in a retroperitoneal lymph node. The essential features of the blood vessels in both cases were the same. They resembled the blood vessels found in normal lymph nodes and were both distinctly different from those seen in normal brain. It was concluded that the direction of differentiation of the blood vessels which arise to nourish the neoplastic tissue is determined by the nature of the tumor rather than the vessels from which they originate.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 352 (1974), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Thermoreceptors ; Cold Receptor ; Ultrastructure ; Receptor Morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Afferent impulses were recorded from single fibers serving cold and warm receptors in the skin of the cat's nose. The receptors were carefully tested for specificity and the receptive fields localized under the microscope with a microthermode. Each single fiber served one spot-like receptive field. The field was marked without damaging the nerve ending by inserting two thin stainless steel wires into the skin on both sides of the receptor. Investigation of semithin and ultrathin serial sections by light and electron microscopy revealed beneath each cold spot a dermal papilla which contained a single small myelinated fiber dividing into a number of unmyelinated terminals. Near the epidermis the receptor branches leave their Schwann cell envelope, penetrate the basal lamina of the epithelium, and their tips are invaginated into the cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells. The basal lamina of the epithelium fuses with that of the receptor axon. The receptor axons contain numerous mitochondria, glycogen particles and a filamentous receptor matrix with vesicles of various sizes. The described structures were absent beneath the warm spots. In addition to the cold receptors, Merkel cell neurite complexes and lamellated encapsulated endings were found that are known to be mechanoreceptors.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 208 (1974), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Neuroblastoma, central ; N-methyl-N-nitrosourea ; Transplacentar carcinogenesis ; Neuronal differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die transplacentare Gabe von MNH an schwangere Ratten am 16. Tage der Gravidität, obwohl sie bei allen untersuchten Nachkommen zu Gehirnmißbildungen führte, erzeugte nur einen Tumor des Nervensystems. Dieser bösartige Tumor, bei dem am Lichtmikroskop die Diagnose Neuroblastoma gestellt wurde, wurde auch durch E.M. untersucht. Obwohl Strukturen stark andeutend auf unreife oder regressive synapsenartige Kontakte vorhanden waren, konnten gutentwickelte Synapsen jedoch nicht beobachtet werden. Bei den verschiedenen neuronalen Eigenschaften, die bei den Tumorzellen zum Vorschein kamen, besonders extensive Nissl-Schollen und zahlreiche „subsurface“ Zisternen, waren mehrere typisch für die embryonale Entwicklung der Nervenzellen: geästete Zellfortsätze mit Wachstumskonen und dense core, neurosekretorische Granula; diese Granula wurde als charakteristisch für neuerwachsende Nervenfasern angesehen. Die Anwesenheit dieser Entwicklungsmerkmale in einem Nervenzellenmalignom kann die vermutete embryonale Abstammung des Neuroblastomas als Abkömmling von unreifen Formen und nicht von entdifferenzierten Zellen bestätigen.
    Notizen: Summary Transplacentar administration of MNU to pregnant Wistar-R rats at the 16th day of gestation, while inducing cerebral malformations in all the offspring examined, produced only one nervous system tumor. This malignant neoplasm, diagnosed optically as a neuroblastoma, was also examined at the EM level. Although structures strongly suggestive of incipient or abortive synaptic formations were present, well developed synapses were not observed. Among the various neuronal features displayed by the tumor cells, notably some extensive Nissl arrays and numerous subsurface cisternae, several were indicative of maturing nerve cells: branching tumoral processes provided with typical growth cones and dense cored “neurosecretory” vesicles. These vesicles are now considered to be one of the characteristics of newly developing nerve fibers. The presence of these developmental features in a nerve cell tumor helps to substantiate the embryonic origin of neuroblastomas postulated as arising from immature forms and not from dedifferentiated cells.
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 32 (1974), S. 129-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Lead intoxication ; Lead line ; Electron microscopy ; Stomato-Logy ; Bleiintoxikation ; Bleisaum ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Stomatologie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die histologischen Befunde beim Bleisaum im Licht- und Dunkelfeld werden kurz besprochen. Die Beobachtungen stimmen mit den bekannten Angaben aus der Literatur überein. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Gingivabiopsien von 3 Patienten mit Bleivergiftung und deutlichem Bleisaum zeigten, daß die Ablagerungen sowohl extra- als auch intracellulär zu finden sind. Extracelluläres Blei war hauptsächlich zwischen kollagenen Pasern, um die Blutgefäße und in die Basallamina an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze eingelagert. Intracelluläres Blei war in einer Gruppe von Zellen in membranbegrenzten Phagosomen vorhanden, während es in anderen Zellen diffus im Cytoplasma verteilt war, wobei es zu einer Einlagerung in die verschiedenen cytoplasmatischen Membransysteme, besonders in die mitochondrialen Membranen, kam. Reste von lytischen Zellen mit diffus im Cytoplasma verteiltem Metall wurden von Makrophagen aufgenommen. Es wird vermutet, daß ein Cyclus abläuft, der mit der Phagocytose von Blei beginnt und über progrediente Zellschädigung zur Lyse führt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Beobachtungen bei Argyrose verglichen. Das unterschiedliche Verteilungsmuster der Metalle bei diesen beiden Erkrankungen wird im Hinblick auf eine Hypothese über den Pathomechanismus von Schwermetallvergiftungen diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The histology of the lead line is briefly reviewed on the basis of light- and dark-field microscope studies. The observations correspond with published data. Electron microscope studies on gingival biopsies obtained from 3 patients with lead intoxication and marked lead lines showed extra- and intracellular deposits of the metal. Extracellular lead was preferentially deposited between collagen fibers, around blood vessels and on the basal lamina of the dermal-epidermal junction. Intracellular lead was present within membrane-bound phagosomes of one group of cells, whereas it was diffusely distributed within the cytoplasm of another cell group. In the latter it was deposited on the different cytoplasmic membrane systems, particularly on the mitochondrial membranes. Residues of lytic cells, which contained diffusely distributed metal, were phagocytized by macrophages. It is assumed that a cycle starts with the phagocytosis of lead and ends with increasing cellular damage and cytolysis. The results are compared with the observations in argyria. The different distribution patterns of the metal in the two diseases are discussed in the light of a proposed hypothesis on the pathomechanisms of heavy-metal poisoning.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Microsporon audouinii ; Pyrrolnitrin ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that a ceiling quantity (1.56 mcg) of antifungal antibiotic Pyrrolnitrin caused heavy damage to dermathophyteMicrosporon audouinii Gruby CBS 313-54in vitro. Suitable preparation technique made it clear that the changes involved consisted of hyphal collapse on the edge of the culture, with loss of euplasmic organelles identity and cell autolysis. The cell wall, however, was apparently undamaged. These findings fit in with the suggestion that the mode of action of the antibiotic leads to generalised lipoproteic membranes damage. They must, however, be considered as representing the result of the terminal phase of cell distress.
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 164 (1974), S. 19-33 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Proximal tubule degeneration ; Heparinoid ; Niere ; Ratte ; Ultrastruktur ; Proximale Tubulusdegeneration ; Heparinoid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 24 Std nach i.v. Injektion von 100 mg/kg eines Pentosanschwefelsäureesters (SP 54) sind in der Nierenrinde von Ratten schwere degenerative Veränderungen der proximalen Tubuluszellen zu beobachten. Das Tubulusepithel ist flachkubisch umgewandelt, das Tubuluslumen ist angefüllt mit ausgestoßenen Mitochondrien und anderen Zelltrümmern. Am stärksten betroffen ist die Pars contorta des proximalen Tubulus. Weniger stark veränderte Tubuluszellen sind angefüllt mit Cytosomen, die eine spezifische Feinstruktur haben oder gehäuft gegenüber Kontrollen Cytoplasmaprotrusionen in das Tubuluslumen aufweisen. Die akute Tubulusdegeneration ist ein spezifischer Effekt von SP 54. Heparin bewirkt nur eine leichte Schwellung des Tubulusepithels, die häufiger auftritt als bei Kontrolltieren.
    Notizen: Summary 24 hrs after the intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg of a Pentosansulfuricacidester (SP 54) severe degenerative alterations are observed in the proximal tubular cells in rat kidney cortex. The tubular epithelium has changed to a single layer of elongated cubic cells. The tubular lumen is filled with cellular debris and extruded mitochondria. The greatest change is seen in the pars contorta of the proximal tubule. Less degenerated tubular cells have a great number of cytosomes with a specific substructure or have cytoplasmatic protrusions into the tubular lumen. This acute tubular degeneration is a specific event after the administration of SP 54 and is not seen after an equimolar dosis of Heparin. Heparin induces only a slight swelling of the tubular epithelium, more frequent seen as in the control animals.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 164 (1974), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Schlagwort(e): Pathology ; Ultrastructure ; Smooth muscle ; Ulcus ventriculi ; Pathologie ; Ultrastruktur ; Glatte Muskulatur ; Ulcus ventriculi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die glatte Muskulatur des Antrum ventriculi sowie des Pylorus von 7 Patienten mit einem oder mehreren Ulcera ventriculi untersucht. Vergleichsweise konnten die entsprechenden Regionen des Magens von 5 normalen Organspendern der elektronenmikroskopischen Präparation zugeführt werden. Elektronenoptisch faßbare Veränderungen fanden sich noch 180 mm von der Ulcusläsion entfernt an den glatten Muskelzellen der inneren Rings- und der äußeren Längsmuskulatur sowie an den Gefäßen. Eine regelmäßig anzutreffende Veränderung der glatten Muskelzellen des Antrum und des Pylorus besteht in einer Strukturverdichtung des Kerns, der sarkoplasmatischen Grundsubstanz und der Myofilamente, kombiniert mit einer Vermehrung und Vergrößerung der hypolemmalen Vesikel, wie der dense bodies. Die Befunde werden als Ausdruck einer starken isometrischen Kontraktion der glatten Muskulatur im Antrum und im Pylorus bei Ulcera ventriculi gedeutet. Die geschilderten Befunde ließen sich an normalem Untersuchungsmaterial nicht erheben. Neben für das Magenulcus unspezifischen pathologischen Befunden an den glatten Muskelzellen, wie Anhäufung von Lipofuscin im Endoplasmahof und Lyse der Myofilamente, konnten spezifische Veränderungen gefunden werden. Diese betreffen die nur im Endoplasmahof differenzierten Räume des endoplasmatischen Reticulums. Bei zahlreichen Muskelzellen der Rings- und Längsmuskelschicht kommt eine extrem starke Quellung des endoplasmatischen Reticulums zur Beobachtung. Die Vacuolisation der endoplasmatischen Räume führt zu einer Verdrängung der übrigen Zellorganellen sowie der Myofilamente. Die Capillarendothelzellen weisen degenerative Veränderungen auf, die zu einem Sistieren cytopemptischer Vorgänge führen. In der arteriolären Gefäßstrecke findet sich vielfach eine starke Kontraktion der glatten Muskulatur bis zum völligen Verschluß der Gefäßlichtung. Auch diese Befunde ließen sich nur an den Mägen mit Ulcera ventriculi, nicht dagegen an dem normalen Vergleichsmaterial erheben.
    Notizen: Summary The smooth musculature of antrum and pylorus of 7 patients with one or more stomach ulcers was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Corresponding regions of the stomachs of 5 normal organ donors served as control material. Electronmicroscopically visualizable changes were found at distances of up to 180 mm from the site of ulcerous lesion on the smooth muscle cells of the inner circular and outer longitudinal musculature, also on the blood vessels. A regularly occurring modification of the smooth muscle cells of antrum and pylorus consists of a structural condensation of the nucleus, of the sarcoplasmic ground substance and of the myofilaments, combined with augmentation and distension of the hypolemmal vesicles and of the dense bodies. These findings are interpreted as expression of a pronounced isometric contraction of the smooth musculature in the antrum and pylorus in presence of ulcera ventriculi. Such findings are not obtainable on normal material. Besides pathological modifications at the smooth muscle cells which are unspecific for stomach ulcer, such as accumulation of lipofuscin in the endoplasmatic lacunae and lysis of the myofilaments, specific changes were observed. These concern the interstices of the endoplasmic reticulum to be found only in the endoplasmatic lacunae. In numerous muscle cells of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers an extremely marked distension of the endoplasmic reticulum is found. Vacuolization of the endoplasmic cisternae causes displacement of the other cell organelles and of the myofilaments. The capillary endothelial cells show degenerative changes which bring about arrest of cytopemptic processes. In the arteriolar regions a strong contraction of the smooth musculature, at times resulting in complete occlusion of the vasal lumen, is frequently found. These findings, too, are obtainable only on stomachs with ulcera ventriculi and not on normal control material.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 157-161 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Smooth muscle ; Iris ; Lanthanum nitrate ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig sphincter pupillae were fixed in the presence of 3% lanthanum nitrate. Although only small amounts of lanthanum were found in plasmalemmal vesicles, large deposits were present within a membrane system resembling sarcoplasmic reticulum. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the use of lanthanum nitrate as an extracellular tracer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 271-283 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intestinum ; Diseases of the colon ; Laboratory animals ; Ruthenium red ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Ruthenium-Rot gefärbte Darmpräparate verschiedener Krankheitsbilder sowie verschiedener Laboratoriumstiere wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Ruthenium-Rot läßt sich im Bereich des Intestinaltraktes teils homogen, teils grob- und feingranulär nachweisen. Microvilli and Glycokalyx sind relativ konstant Ruthenium-Rot gefärbt. Der Intercellularraum der Lamina epithelialis mucosae zeigt eine auffallend variable Ruthenium-Rot Anfärbung. Diese ist offenbar nicht methodisch bedingt, sondern Ausdruck eines unterschiedlichen bzw. variablen Funktionszustandes. Es bleibt offen, ob Ruthenium-Rot im Sinne einer histochemischen Reaktion bestimmte, im interzellulären Raum gelegene Substanzen markiert, oder als Tracer für den Stofftransport angesehen werden muß. Becherzellen und nekrobiotische Zellen weisen in der Regel eine konstante Ruthenium-Rot Anfärbung auf. Im Stratum proprium mucosae ist der Reaktionsausfall für Ruthenium-Rot sehr inkonstant, möglicherweise auf Grund des langen Penetrationsweges. Ziemlich regelmäßig findet sich allerdings eine Ruthenium-Rot Markierung de Phagolysosomen von Makrophagen. Prinzipielle Unterschiede der explorierten Gewebe und Tierarten bezüglich der Affinität zu Ruthenium-Rot bestehen nicht.
    Notizen: Summary Biopsy specimens of human intestines in various disease states and from laboratory animal intestines have been stained with ruthenium red and inspected by electron microscopy. Ruthenium red reaction product is found as a homogeneous deposit and also in the form of coarse and fine granules. Microvilli and the glycocalyx are stained relatively constant by ruthenium red. The intercellular space of the epithelium shows a strikingly variable ruthenium red staining. This variation is apparently not related to the method but indicates differences or variations in the functional state of the membranes. It remains an open question whether the ruthenium red reaction is a histochemical reaction, marking certain substances present in in the intercellular area or whether it should be considered as a tracer for the transport of materials. Goblet cells and necrobiotic cells usually show a constant ruthenium red staining. In the lamina propria the reaction product is very inconstant, possibly on account of the long penetration path from the lumen. The phagolysosomes of macrophages are marked by ruthenium red rather regularly. No fundamental, but only quantitative differences have been found between the various kinds of tissue studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 595-597 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mesothelium (rat) ; Surface film ; Ruthenium red ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A surface film with a thickness of 280–570 Å covers the mesothelium of serous membranes in the rat. This film can be stained with ruthenium red. Its considerable water-binding capacity produces the reflecting surface of the serous membranes. The friction of the organs is thereby greatly reduced. Only a small amount of serous fluid must be produced to keep the surface moist. The glucosamino glycans of the surface film are probably synthesized by the mesothelial cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Branchiostoma ; Osmoregulation ; Cyrtocytes ; Podocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The excretory organs of Amphioxus occur as segmentally arranged structures throughout the pharyngeal region and may be divided into three components: the solenocytes, the renal tubule, and the renal glomerulus. The solenocytes possess foot processes that rest upon the coelomic surface of the ligamentum denticulatum. The tubular apparatus of the solenocytes consists of ten triangular rods surrounding a central flagellum. The distal end of the tubular apparatus enters branches of the renal tubule. The renal tubule eventually opens into the atrial cavity of Amphioxus. The renal glomerulus is a sinus within the connective tissue of the ligamentum dentieculatum where it connects elements of the branchial circulation with the dorsal aorta. The renal glomerulus, like other blood vessels of Amphioxus, lacks an endothelial lining. If Amphioxus is adapted to artificial sea water at different concentrations there is no change in kidney morphology suggesting that Amphioxus is either is osmotic with its environment or is osmoregulating with other organs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 61-79 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovary ; Blue fox ; Lutein cells ; Plasma progesterone ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An electron microscopic investigation of the lutein cells of the blue fox was undertaken, based on the hypothesis that differences in plasma progesterone levels at differing stages of pregnancy might be reflected in the ultrastructural organization. Comparisons were made between corpora lutea taken from animals mated 1, 2, 5, 14, 18, 20, 28, 33, 36, 39 and 45 days after the estimated time of ovulation. Measurements of progesterone on plasma samples were performed by a rapid competitive protein-binding assay. During the period with increasing and/or high plasma progesterone levels, (i.e. 1 to 14 days after ovulation) the lutein cells are characterized by evenly distributed cisternal agranular ER, mitochondria with both tubular and lamellar cristae, and electron-dense lipid droplets. The abundant agranular ER is closely associated with the lipid droplets and mitochondria. During the period with declining plasma progesterone levels, the lutein cells present a different morphological picture: the agranular ER assumes the form of bundles of parallel tubules disposed in several planes. During the latest stages observed, these “bundles” are disrupted and most of the agranular ER become arranged in smaller concentric whorls. Both kinds of whorls regularly enclose lipid droplets, dense bodies and mitochondria. The regions between the whorls contain scattered cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria and lysosome-like dense bodies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 235-243 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Rat ; Normal ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This paper reports on an electron microscopic study of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in the normal rat, with special emphasis on the structural diversity of mitochondria in its parenchymatous cells. The mitochondria of cristae may be tubulo-vesicular, plate-like and/or straight tubular, any one mitochondrion containing one or more types of cristae. The mitochondrial features of the zona glomerulosa parenchymatous cells are attributed to the biochemical stages of aldosterone synthesis, taking place in different mitochondria of these cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Structural water ; Fibrinogen-Fibrinmolecule ; Molecular morphology ; Electron microscopy ; Heat drying
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Standardgerinnsel aus Rinderfibrin wurden in der Kammer einer Versuchsanordnung einem mit Wasser nahezu gesättigten Luftstrom ausgesetzt. Die Gerinnsel kollabierten, und ihr Restwasser wurde in Zeitabständen durch Hitzetrocknung bei 105°C bestimmt. Es resultierte eine zeitabhängige Kurve, die aus 3 Phasen besteht. Elektronen-mikroskopische Aufnahmen zeigen, daß infolge eines Verlustes des freien Wassers während der ersten Phase das Pibringerüst des Gerinnsels kollabiert. Während der dritten Phase kollabiert das Proteingerüst der Fibrinmoleküle infolge des Verlustes von Strukturwasser. Während der zweiten Phase besteht das Gerinnsel aus raumfüllend gepackten Fibrinmolekülen. Das Strukturwasser beträgt dann etwa 5,25 g/g Trockengewicht; die Höhe ist etwa 180 μm und ergibt den wahrscheinlichsten Wert des Strukturwassers, 6,25 g/g Protein. Wenn dieser experimentelle Wert mit entsprechenden, theoretisch zu erwartenden Werten verglichen wird, die von elektronenmikroskopischen Molekularmodellen für Fibrin hergeleitet wurden, so ergibt das Gerinnsel, das aus raumfüllend gepackten Pentagondodekaeder-Modellen besteht, mit etwa 8 g Strukturwasser/g Fibrin die beste Näherung an den im Experiment erhaltenen Wert. Dieses Modell kann — im Gegensatz zu anderen Modellen — Massen-, Volumens- und Morphologieverhältnisse des Gerinnsels und des Moleküls erklären. Die verbleibende Differenz zwischen wahrscheinlichstem experimentellem und theoretischem Strukturwasser-Gehalt ist leicht durch experimentelle Ungenauigkeiten und Anwesenheit von Nicht-Fibrin im Molekularvolumen erklärbar. Mit an Sicherheit grenzender Wahrscheinlichkeit repräsentiert deshalb das Pentagondodekaeder-Modell die Allgemeinstruktur des Fibrin- und Fibrinogenmoleküls.
    Notizen: Summary Standard clots of bovine fibrin collapsed in the highly humid air stream of a laboratory device. Their residual water, determined by heat drying at 105°C, resulted in a time dependent curve composed of 3 distinct phases. Electron micrographs show that during the first phase free water is released causing a collapse of the fibrous framework of the clot, during the third phase structural water is lost causing a breakdown of the molecular protein. The clot of the second phase consists of space fillingly packed fibrin molecules, whose directly determined structural water is approximately 5.25 g/g dry wt., but whose height (approximately 180 μm) results in the most probable value 6.25 g structural water/g protein. If this amount is compared with respective theoretical values of electron microscopic molecular models of fibrin, the clot consisting of space fillingly packed pentagon dodecahedron models yields approximately 8 g structural water/g fibrin, closely to the experimental value. In contrast to other models, this model explains simultaneously the shape of the curve, mass and volume relationships and morphology of clot and molecule. The remainding difference between the most probable experimental and this theoretical value can easily be attributed to experimental errors and impurities contained in the volume of the molecule. Consequently, the general structure of the fibrinogen and fibrin molecule is represented by the pentagon dodecahedron model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 481-495 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Brain ; Monoamines ; Amphibia ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of monoamines in the brain of Bufo poweri was investigated with the Falck-Hillarp method. Green fluorescence was observed in neurons of the diencephalic preoptic recess organ (PRO) and its so-called additional cells, in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and its so-called accompanying cells, in the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID) and in the mesencephalic nucleus reticularis mesencephali (NRM). Yellow fluorescence was found in some cells of the PVO and NID and in neurons of the caudal part of the NRM. Extensive tracts of aminergic fibres are described running caudo-rostrally and mainly terminating in the septa and striata of the telencephalon. It is suggested that the aminergic nuclei mentioned above partly contribute to the ascending tracts. Other fibres, originating in the PVO and NID are curving centro-caudally towards the median eminence. Although with the electron microscope some apparently aminergic nerve fibres were detected in the pars intermedia, such fibres have not been observed fluorescence microscopically. The ultrastructural study of the PRO has shown the presence of two types of aminergic liquor-contacting neurons. Among the distal cells of the PRO, aminergic and peptidergic neurons were distinguished. The presence of PRO additional cells, which are considered as a rostral extension of the PRO, is discussed with regard to the terrestrial habitat of the species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 537-554 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sea anemone mesoglea ; Collagen synthesis ; Epitheliomuscular cells ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy and autoradiography (H3-proline) were used to determine the cell(s) responsible for collagen synthesis and lamination in the mesoglea of the sea anemone, Aiptasia diaphana. Mesogleal collagen is synthesized by the epidermal epitheliomuscular cells which contain much rough endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory vesicles attached to microtubules which cross the basal plasmalemma and anchor in the basement membrane; these cells incorporate large amounts of H3-proline. The mesogleal collagen fibers are non-striated, have clear centers, and a diameter of 200–260 Å; their walls are composed of 65 Å diameter subunit fibrils which appear to be helically oriented. Epitheliomuscular cells rest upon a subepidermal basement membrane which is composed of mesogleal collagen fibers, 65 Å subunit fibrils, and dense granules. This subepidermal basement membrane labels definitively with H3-proline, and is the region where soluble collagen precursors apparently form subunit fibrils which associate to yield mesogleal fibers. The columnar mesogleal collagen fibers are arranged to form layers: the fibers of each layer have the same longitudinal orientation, while those of adjacent layers display an approximate orthogonal arrangement. It is felt that the subepidermal basement membrane is responsible for this organization of mesogleal fibers. Mesogleal amoebocytes do not label with H3-proline and show no ultrastructural evidence of collagen secretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 43-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Purkinje fibres ; Avian heart ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The subendocardial Purkinje fibres in the right atrium of the heart of the adult fowl were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The myofibrils often originate from the lateral cell membrane of the cells and show a spirally wound course. Their arrangement is obviously not random. In some Purkinje cells the absolute amount of myofibrils per cell is as large as in ordinary myocardial muscle cells. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is constituted by ramifying tubules. They are distributed throughout the entire Purkinje cell and contact the myofibrils, the mitochondria, and the cell membrane. At the cell membrane the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms terminal cisternae, which often possess an electron dense content. These terminal cisternae are apparently unrelated to the Z-discs of the myofibrils. The cytoplasmic organelles of the Purkinje cell are embedded in a network of ca. 100 Å thick filaments. It is assumed that these filaments are responsible for the maintenance of the arrangement of the cell organelles. Some Z-discs of the myofibrils of the Purkinje cells are up to 0.4 μm long. Axon terminals running between the Purkinje fibre and the fibrocytic envelope may lie only 150 Å from the fibrocytes. The fibrocytes are connected by tight junctions and desmosomes and contain fine filaments and microtubules. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurosecretion ; Harvestman ; Exocytosis ; Release ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les plaques paraganglionnaires de l'Opilion Trogulus nepaeformis sont des organes neurohémaux constitués d'une lamelle neurale externe, épaisse, en contact avec un sinus sanguin, d'une couche basale de cellules gliales, et de 7 types de terminaisons axonales (A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, B4 and C) renfermant des granules élémentaires qui diffèrent par leur taille, leur densité aux électrons et l'aspect de leur contenu. Les granules de type A1 se déchargent par exocytose dans l'espace extra-axonal, sous la lamelle neurale; ceux de type C se fragmentent en microgranules à contenu dense qui s'accumulent avec des vésicules claires contre l'axolemme en des places suggérant des sites de libération dans l'hémolymphe.
    Notizen: Summary The paraganglionic plates of the harvestman, Trogulus, are neurohemal organs composed of a thick neural lamella facing a blood sinus, basal glial cells, and seven distinct types of axon terminals (A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, B4 and C) identified on the basis of elementary granule size, electron density, and structure of contents. The release of A1 type granules occurs by exocytosis into the extraaxonal space below the acellular neural lamella. The release of the content of C granules occurs after fragmentation into small electron dense vesicles. Clusters of these vesicles intermixed with clear vesicles pressing against the axolemma beneath the neural lamella, apparantly correspond to the sites of release.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 113-123 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Binucleation ; Amitotic nuclear division ; Palatal epithelium (Guinea pig) ; Keratinocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The palatal epithelium of adult male guinea pigs contains a considerable number of binucleate epithelial cells in all strata but the basal cell layer. Electron microscopical examination shows that the two equal-sized nuclei are dome-shaped with the flattened surfaces closely approximated, the distance between the nuclei being 30 nm or more. No points of contact have been found between the nuclear membranes. No differences in number, distribution or ultrastructure of cytoplasmic organelles were found between mono- and binucleate epithelial cells. Evidence of amitotic nuclear division being a plausible mechanism of binucleation is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 377-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sarcolemma ; Collagen texture ; Frog ; Electron microscopy ; Replica technique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Single stage carbon replicas were obtained from dried bundles of frog skeletal muscle fibres at different sarcomere lengths. In unfixed specimens finer details are masked by an amorphous substance; after fixation with glutaraldehyde a network of collagen fibrils covering the muscle fibres appears. At a sarcomere length of 1.8 μm the collagen fibrils are oriented diagonally and transversely; between a sarcomere length of 2.8 and 3.1 μm the collagen fibrils are increasingly oriented along the axis of the muscle fibre. This indicates a helical arrangement of the collagen fibrils in the sarcolemma, the pitch being grossly related to sarcomere length. Collagen fibrils and fibres in the endomysium are not oriented according to sarcomere length; hence at low degrees of stretch, force applied to the tendon is primarily transmitted by the muscle fibres and not by the endomysium. Replicas from skinned fibres showed that shrinkage is most pronounced in the I-bands and least in the Z-and M-lines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 385-394 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Membrane particles ; Cockroach hemocytes ; Freeze-fracture ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Freeze-fracture studies were conducted on the membranes of normal cockroach hemocytes. The plasmalemma is asymmetric with the A fracture face containing 80–100 Å membrane intercalated particles at a concentration of ∼2500/μ2. The B fracture face contains 120–150 Å particles with a relatively low density (∼800/μ2). The nuclear envelope displays an asymmetry with the A fracture face containing ∼1500 particles/μ2 and the B face containing ∼300/μ 2. No significant particle size differences were observed in nuclear envelope fracture faces. Two types of symmetric membranes were also found in these cells. Both A and B fracture faces of the membrane surrounding the numerous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies contain particle sizes and concentrations similar to the B face of the plasmalemma. A second type of symmetry was observed in cells apparently engaged in “exocytosis”. Vesicles (∼0.1 μD) from this process were completely particle free on both fracture faces. Such particle free vesicles could be found in the cytoplasm, attached to the plasmalemma, or completely separated from the cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 417-421 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Paraventricular organ ; Xenopus laevis ; Monoamines ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultracytochemical identification of monoamines in the paraventricular organ (PVO) of Xenopus laevis tadpoles was achieved by applying glutaraldehyde-potassium dichromate fixation to the brains. It appears that the amines are concentrated inside elongated or round large granular vesicles within the neurons. The presence of dopamine and, to a lesser extent, of indolamines in neurons of the PVO is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 457-469 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Rat ; Adrenalectomy ; Renin and secretory granules ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion des juxtaglomerulären Apparates auf Adrenalektomie wurde untersucht. Im Stadium der Nebenniereninsuffizienz, sechs Tage nach der Operation, wurde quantitativ morphometrisch eine Abnahme der Volumendichte der Sekretgranula (von 32% auf 16%) festgestellt. Golgi-Apparat und Ergastoplasma proliferieren stark, wobei insbesondere die erweiterten Cisternen des Ergastoplasmas auffallen.
    Notizen: Summary The response of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus to bilateral adrenalectomy was studied in rats. After the sixth postoperative day, symptoms of severe adrenal insufficiency had developed. In the Juxtaglomerular cells, the volume density of the secretory granules decreased from 32% to 16%. The Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum underwent considerable proliferation, the latter showing strikingly enlarged cisternae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 433-456 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Rat) ; Development ; Renin ; Pools ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die perinatale Entwicklung des juxtaglomerulären Apparates, insbesondere das Verhalten der epitheloiden Zellen wurde an 18 trächtigen Ratten and 65 Embryonen bzw. Jungtieren elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde die Reninkonzentration bzw. der Reningehalt bestimmt. Spezifische Sekretgranula finden sich erstmals am 18. Tag der Fetalzeit, und zwar in den epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates juxtamedullärer Nephrone. Die Granula machen einen Struktur- und wahrscheinlich auch Funktionswandel durch, der eine Einteilung in drei verschiedene Granulatypen nahelegt. Diesen drei Typen spezifischer (reninhaltiger) Sekretgranula werden die Lysosomen als unspezifische Einschlüsse der epitheloiden Zellen gegenübergestellt. Im einzelnen kommt es während der perinatalen Phase in den fetalen Epitheloidzellen zuerst, d.h. pränatal, zu einer Hypertrophie des rauhwandigen endoplasmatischen Retikulums und des Golgi-Apparates. Hierin sehen die Autoren einen Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Proteinsynthese mit entsprechender Zunahme der Transport- und Konzentrationsvorgänge. Nach der Geburt findet sich dann auch eine deutliche Zunahme der Sekretgranula vom Typ III, die als reife Reningranula (mature granules) angesehen werden. Die bisher noch nicht beschriebenen kleinen Sekretgranula vom Typ I dagegen kommen in weniger entwickelten Epitheloidzellen häufiger vor. Bestimmungen der Reninverteilung zwischen Zytoplasma und den durch Differential-zentrifugation gewonnenen Granula-Fraktionen ergeben auffallende Parallelen zu den morphologischen Befunden. Diese sprechen im allgemeinen dafür, daß “freies Renin” im Ergasto-plasma und “gebundenes Renin” in den Sekretgranula vorliegt. Mit zunehmendem Alter scheint es außerdem — parallel zur relativen Abnahme des Ergastoplasmas und Zunahme der reifen Reningranula — zu einer Verminderung des extragranulären zugunsten des granulär gebundenen Renins zu kommen.
    Notizen: Summary The perinatal development of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), with particular reference to the epithelioid cells, was studied. Electron microscopic studies were carried out on 18 gravid rats and 65 embryos with corresponding determinations of renin concentration and the renin contents by bio-assay. Specific secretory granules of the epithelioid cells of the JGA of juxtamedullary nephrons are first observed on the 18th day of gestation. The classification into three types of secretory granules suggests that they undergo a structural and probably also a functional transformation. All three types of secretory granule may be regarded as specific, renin-containing, cytoplasmic organelles. During the last days of gestation, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus become hypertrophied in epithelioid cells, indicating an increased protein synthesis as well as transport and concentration processes. After birth, there is a definite increase in the number of Type III secretory granules-which may be regarded as mature granules. The small Type I secretory granulesnot previously described-are found more frequently in the immature epithelioid cells. Determinations of the renin distribution in the plasma and in fractions of cytoplasmic constituents (total homogenate, secretory granules) prepared by differential centrifugation showed striking congruence with the morphological findings. It is generally assumed that “soluble renin” occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and “bound renin” in secretory granules. A shift from extragranular to granular (bound) renin, occurs with increasing age, having its morphological equivalent in the relative decrease of the endoplasmic reticulum and increase in mature secretory granules.
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 13-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Human fetal pineal gland ; Development ; Secretion ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the pineal gland of 18 human fetuses (crown-rump lengths 30–178 mm) was investigated. The pineal gland exhibits a pyramidal shape and consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. Only one parenchymal cell type, the pinealocyte, was observed. Few neuroblasts were seen between the pinealocytes and in the extended perivascular space. The pinealocytes possess all the organelles necessary for hormone synthesis. No specific secretory granule could be observed. The organ is abundantly vascularized and richly innervated. The morphology of the capillaries indicates the existence of a blood-brain barrier. The ultrastructure of the human fetal pineal gland suggests that the gland has a secretory function in early intrauterine life.
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 51-67 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Myelin ; Ventral habenular nuclei ; Interpeduncular nucleus ; Rana esculenta ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural analysis of myelin in the ventral habenular and in the interpeduncular nuclei of the adult frog Rana esculenta has been carried out. In the ventral habenular nuclei, in addition to normally myelinated fibres, some myelin irregularities have been observed. They consist of myelin enwrapping the perikarya of some neurons and of isolated flaps of collapsed myelin. In the interpeduncular nucleus numerous myelinated fibres occur but few redundant myelin irregularities have been noticed. The morphological data suggest that myelination of fibres in these sites is due to the spiral wrapping mechanism from a glial cell process while the myelin irregularities described in the ventral habenular nuclei are probably due to membrane synthesis within the cytoplasm of the myelinated neurons and of the oligodendrocytes which are sometimes observed in contact with the ensheathed neurons. In the interpeduncular nucleus myelinated fibres indenting astrocytes and oligodendrocytes have been observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Aedes aegypti ; Midgut epithelium ; Cytology ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur des Mitteldarmes von Aedes aegypti Weibchen wurde morphometrisch untersucht. Besonderes Interesse lag dabei auf quantitativen Unterschieden im Bau der Epithelzellen eines vorderen (A) und eines hinteren (P) Abschnittes des Mitteldarmes, um jedem dieser beiden Abschnitte bestimmte Funktionen zuordnen zu können. 5 physiologisch verschiedene Stadien wurden verglichen: 1 = unreife Weibchen; 2 = zum 1. Blutmahl (B.M.) bereit; 3 = Verdauung des B.M.; 4 = zum 2. B.M. bereit; 5 = alternde Weibchen. Wenn der Mitteldarm noch nicht funktionsbereit ist (Stadium 1) gleichen sich die Epithelzellen von A und P quantitativ ultrastrukturell. In den folgenden Stadien hingegen werden deutliche Unterschiede sichtbar. Das Zellvolumen und die Kern-Cytoplasma-Relation werden in P generell größer als in A. Parallel dazu nehmen der Mitochondriengehalt und die Oberfläche des rauhen endoplasmatischen Retikulums in P gegenüber A zu. In A entwickeln sich mehr Microvilli, ein extensiveres basales Labyrinth und ein deutliches glattes endoplasmatisches Retikulum. Vergrößerte Cytoplasmavolumina vor allem in den P-Zellen werden 24 Std. nach dem 1. B.M. gefunden (Stadium 3). Parallel dazu erreichen die Volumina der Organellen und/oder ihre Membranoberflächen ebenfalls Maximalwerte. Diese Vergrößerung des gesamten Zell-apparates läßt den Schluß zu, daß während der Blutverdauung die Funktionskapazität des Mitteldarmes erhöht ist. Basierend auf den quantitativ ultrastrukturellen Unterschieden zwischen den Zellen von A und P wurde postuliert, daß dem vorderen Abschnitt des Mitteldarms verstärkte Absorptionsfunktionen zukommen. Dem hinteren Abschnitt hingegen wurden gesteigerte Protein-syntheseleistungen im Zusammenhang mit der Bildung von Verdauungsenzymen zugeordnet. Die vorliegenden Resultate wurden an einem, in Beziehung auf seine Ernährung, spezialisierten Insekt gewonnen (Blutverdauung). Trotzdem scheint die postulierte Zuordnung von Funktionen zu bestimmten Mitteldarmzonen mit dem “secretion—absorption”-Modell (Berridge, 1970) übereinzustimmen.
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the midgut of Aedes aegypti females was investigated by means of morphometric techniques. The interest was focussed on quantitative differences in the composition of epithelial cells between the anterior (A) and posterior (P) part of the midgut. The aim was to attribute defined functions to each of these 2 parts. 5 different physiological stages were compared: 1 = immature female; 2 = ready for first blood meal (b.m.); 3 = digestion of b.m.; 4 = ready for 2nd b.m.; 5 = aging female. Whereas in stage 1, when the gut has not yet reached a functional state the epithelial cells of A and P resemble each other, distinct differences develop in subsequent stages. Generally the cell volume and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio become higher in P than in A. Concomitantly the mitochondrial content and the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are more prominent in P than in A. On the other hand more microvilli, a more extensive basal labyrinth and a well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum are present in A. Enlarged cytoplasmic volumes, especially high in P, are found 24 h after the first b.m. (stage 3). In accordance with this increase the volume of organelles and/or their membrane surface areas also reach maximal values. This augmentation of the metabolic cell apparatus suggests that during blood digestion the whole organ develops an increased functional capacity. From the quantitative structural differences in A and P we concluded that the A-part of the midgut is especially involved in absorption. To the P-part more protein synthesis may be attributed, thus indicating an enhanced formation of digestive enzymes. Although this study deals with a rather specialised insect (blood digestion), it appears that our hypothesis attributing functions to defined midgut zones, agrees to a certain extent with the “secretion-absorption-model” of Berridge (1970).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 113-128 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Rabbit pars intermedia ; Ultrastructure ; Nerve terminal ; PI-type glandular cell ; ACT-type cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By electron microscopy three types of nerve terminals have been identified in adult rabbit pars intermedia (PI). The characteristics of these are described and their development traced. The distribution of nerve terminals and neurons within the PI is documented. In particular the association between types of nerve terminal and the different glandular cells is shown to be precise and selective. Direct innervation of the ACT-type cells in the rabbit PI is described for the first time. The author is particularly grateful to Dr. J. W. B. Bradfield for help in the preparation of this paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 185-191 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Laryngeal muscles ; Female tree frog, Hyla arborea arborea (L.) ; Fine structure ; Motor endplates ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The larynx musculature of female tree frogs is very poorly developed compared with that of males. This is probably due to the fact that they are less used; female tree frogs do not produce mating calls. The larynx muscles of the female are composed of fibers with small, medium, and large cross-sections. The distribution of the motor end plates varies correspondingly: in regions with fibers of very small diameter the density of synapses is about 33 times greater than in regions with large fibers. There is also a difference in fine structure between male and female laryngeal muscles. The muscles of females comprise red fibers, white fibers, and various transitional types. The arrangement of the triads and their number per sarcomere is the same in all fiber types. All fibers contain about the same amounts of glycogen, but the fat content varies widely among the different types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 253-258 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Olfactory organs ; Cephalopods ; Chemoreception ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the so-called olfactory organ of Octopus vulgaris has been investigated. Electron microscopy shows the superficial layer of the epithelium to consist mainly of cells bearing microvilli. Below this, often very deeply, lie very many large cells, which bear numerous cilia. These cells open to the surface via narrow processes running between the epithelial cells. Although details of their innervation have yet to be established the large cells are assumed to be receptors and these findings are interpreted as evidence that this organ is indeed chemosensory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 239-252 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Xenopus laevis ; Histochemistry ; Subcommissural organ (SCO)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural features of the subcommissural organ (SCO) cells in larvae (stages 56–58, according to Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1956), toadlets (3 months after metamorphosis) and older toads (2-year old) of Xenopus laevis are described. Several age-related morphological differences in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the SCO cells have been found. In old toads the rough ER assumes a special “ladder-like” membrane configuration in its cisternal lumen. By means of the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine (PA-CrA-SM) method, complex carbohydrates are detected electron microscopically in the SCO cells. Positive reactions take place in the cell adhesive apparatus, the secretory granules, part of the Golgi complex, and the intracisternal “ladder-like” structure. Passing through the Golgi complex, the secretory products mature into the secretory granules by association of their proteinaceous component with polysaccharides. The majority of the secretory granules are released from the apical cell surface by means of reverse pinocytosis, while the rest are released through the basal process into the blood circulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 467-475 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sertoli cell ; Human testis ; Nucleolus ; Nuclear bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the nucleus of human Sertoli cells has been studied in testicular samples from normal adults and patients with hypospermatogenesis or absence of the germinal cell line (Sertoli cell only syndrome). In all cases the ultrastructure of the nuclear structures was alike. The nucleus is irregularly shaped and its membrane presents numerous pores. The inner aspect of the nuclear membrane is electron dense due to the presence of a fibrous lamina. The outer aspect presents a concentric arrangement of 50 Å cytoplasmic filaments. The chromatin is rather dispersed. Some perichromatin granules are found occasionally. The nucleolus is characteristic of human Sertoli cells and displays three clear components. In addition, sphaeridia of at least two principal morphological types were found. Their significance in the cell metabolism as well as relationship to either the nucleolus or the nuclear DNA are discussed. The need for further investigation on the functional meaning of the nuclear organelles of human Sertoli cells is stressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Graafian follicle (Rabbit) ; Granulosa cells ; Ovulation ; Basement mem-brane ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Membrana granulosa in rabbit Graafian follicles was studied at accurately determined times after an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). At 4 and 6 hrs after injection of HCG the granulosa cells were slightly dissociated around the whole follicle. So-called abutment nexuses (gap junctions) had decreased and continued to do so up to ovulation. At 8 hrs after HCG, membrana granulosa had thinned out apically and cell dissociation was even more evident in all parts of the follicle. Granulosa cell projections through the basement membrane were found, and, closer to the time of ovulation, more and larger granulosa cell protrusions penetrated the partly fragmented basement membrane. At 8 hrs spherical inclusions in the granulosa cells, corresponding to so-called annular nexuses, were significantly more numerous than before injection of HCG; the relative amount had more than doubled. Later, the number of annular nexuses decreased. The significance of annular nexuses and their variations is discussed. The decrease in the abutment nexuses probably means a decrease in cohesive force between the granulosa cells and facilitates follicle expansion; moreover, the simultaneous changes in the basement membrane, with more or less open channels into the antrum the last few hours before ovulation, presumably, permit rapid follicle growth by influx of fluid as soon as increased distensibility of the follicle wall allows further expansion without increase in pressure.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 31-44 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Graafian follicle (Rabbit) ; Ovulation ; Capillaries ; Intercellular junc-tions ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The rabbit Graafian follicles are encircled by a capillary network between the theca interna and the avascular membrana granulosa. After injection of an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) the theca interna cells showed an increase in the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and mitochondria with tubular cristae. In addition, considerably more junctions, similar to the abutment nexuses of granulosa cells were found; annular nexuses also appeared. At 4 hours after injection of HCG a prominent oedema was evident in the theca interna layer, particularly in the apical region. Small fenestrations in the endothelium of the blood capillaries increased in amount after HCG injection, and close to the time of ovulation, large gaps or perforations, 1–3 μ in diameter, were found in the thin, distended part of the endothelial cells. The surrounding basement membrane became fragmented and partly lost, so that a seemingly free passage from the capillary lumen to the interstitium was eventually established. Leakage of fluid, causing interstitial oedema, presumably proceeds until the pressure in the pericapillary interstitium has risen to the pressure in the capillaries. Some hours before and up to ovulation the pericapillary interstitium has also broad communications with the cavity of the follicles. Therefore, both pressure and fluid can be passed from the capillaries-via the interstitium-to the follicle antrum. However, influx of fluid with subsequent follicle expansion and ovulation-at constant pressure-does not occur until the tensile strength of the follicle wall has decreased.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 63-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Smooth muscle ; Intestine ; Afferent fibres ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The innermost layer of the circular musculature of the ileum of the guinea-pig, mouse, rat, rabbit, cat and dog is made of special small and dark muscle cells (sd cells), which can be identified by light and electron microscopy. These cells have a higher surface to volume ratio than ordinary muscle cells. They show all the organelles of smooth muscle cells and are in close relationship with a great number of extrinsic and intrinsic nerve fibres. They send numerous thin cytoplasmic processes towards the bulk of the circular layer, but nexuses between the sd cells and ordinary muscle cells are not found. It is suggested that some of the nerve fibres in this part of the circular layer are motor, setting the sd cells to a given length, and some are afferent in luminal pressure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 79-88 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Yolk nuclei ; Nassarius reticulatus ; Cleavage ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Dotterkerne kommen in allen Blastomeren des 4- bis 16-Zellstadiums von Nassarius vor. Sie haben überwiegend kugelige Gestalt und liegen kernnah zwischen Kern und apikalem Plasmalemm. Feinstrukturell sind sie erstaunlicherweise nicht einheitlich aufgebaut, sondern treten in zwei Typen auf: Typ I besteht aus einer relativ kompakt erscheinenden kugeligen Ansammlung von Mitochondrien. Die Mitochondrien liegen in einer dichten, teils granulären, teils fibrillären intermitochondrialen Substanz eingebettet. Typ II besteht aus einer ebenfalls kugeligen Ansammlung vieler kleiner radiär angeordneter Golgi-Stapel, welche in der gleichen dichten, teils granulären, teils fibrillären Substanz liegen wie die Mitochondrien von Typ I. Die Funktion beider Typen von Dotterkernen wird diskutiert. Sicherlich haben sie nichts mehr mit der Dottersynthese zu tun wie möglicherweise die Dotterkerne der Oocyten, doch gibt es bisher auch keine Anzeichen dafür, daß sie bevorzugt am Dotter- oder Lipidabbau beteiligt sind.
    Notizen: Summary In all blastomeres of Nassarius from 4- to 16-cell stage yolk nuclei occur. Most of them are spherical bodies, lying juxtanuclearly between the nucleus and the apical plasmalemma. Strangely they are not ultrastructurally uniform but fall into two categories (Fig. 5): Type I is a massive spherical accumulation of mitochondria embedded in a dense intermitochondrial substance, which appears to contain both granules and filaments. Type II is a ball of radially arranged small Golgi stacks clustered around a centre of Golgi vesicles and other organelles embedded in a ground cytoplasm structurally similar to the intermitochondrial substance of type I. The function of both types of yolk nuclei is unknown. These segmentation yolk nuclei have nothing to do with yolk synthesis any more. On the other hand there are no indications that yolk nuclei occurrence is correlated with the break-down of yolk because neither lipid droplets nor protein yolk granules are observed in or beside the yolk nuclei.
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 167-173 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Parathyroids ; Rana temporaria ; Crystals ; Ultrastructure ; Catalase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Crystalline inclusions in parathyroid gland cell nuclei of Rana temporaria were studied by electron microscopy using a specimen tilting stage. Images were analysed by optical diffraction. Results were compared with X-ray and electron microscopic data of trigonal bovine liver catalase to which a striking resemblance of the inclusions was found.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Eyes ; Retinula ; Ephestia kuehniella ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Im Auge von Ephestia kommen Kontakte zwischen den Zellen benachbarter Retinulae vor. Diese Kontakte finden sich am häufigsten in der Kernregion der Retinulazellen und können 2 oder mehr Retinulae miteinander verbinden. Da keine besonderen Membranstrukturen in der Kontaktzone beobachtet wurden und da andererseits die Retinulazellen auf diesem Niveau und weiter distal Pigmentgranula enthalten, scheinen diese Kontakte weder die Zellen chemisch bzw. elektrisch zu koppeln noch Reizlicht zu übertragen. Vielmehr wird angenommen, daß die Verlagerungen des Cytoplasmas bei Hell-Dunkeladaptation in benachbarten Retinulae durch die gegenseitige Berührung koordiniert werden.
    Notizen: Summary Connections were found between retinula cells of adjacent retinula cell columns in the eye of Ephestia. The connections occur most frequently at the level of the retinula cell nuclei and may involve two or more retinula columns simultaneously. The absence of specialized structural modifications of the membranes and the presence of pigment granules at the level of the connections or distal to them indicates that these connections are probably not involved in selective chemical or electrical communication nor in light transmission. It is suggested that the connections may serve tactily to coordinate cytoplasmic movement in adjacent retinula columns during light-dark adaptation.
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 227-244 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synapses ; Embryo (Xenopus laevis) ; Spinal cord ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The rostro-caudal gradient of differentiation found in vertebrate embryos has been utilized to examine the sequence of synaptic junction development in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis at a late embryonic stage. Uniform samples were taken at various points along the cord of a stage 27 embryo and examined in the electron microscope. The general ultrastructure of the cord demonstrated the rostro-caudal gradient of development. The sequence of synaptic junction development was like that in the cervical region (Hayes and Roberts, 1973). “Membrane-vesicle clusters” and “immature” synaptic junctions were found most caudally followed by synaptic junctions, first with cleft and subsynaptic membrane density, then with only cleft density and finally, most rostrally, with cleft, subsynaptic membrane, and subsynaptic cytoplasmic density. Mature synaptic junctions were found in increasing numbers from the mid to anterior trunk cord and could mediate alternating trunk flexions made by the embryos at this stage of development. “Membrane-vesicle clusters” were found near processes containing irregular vesicles and also near membrane outlines. These may be signs of dendritic growth. “Membrane-vesicle clusters” were also found in varicosities, facing the space around the spinal cord and in nerve fibres peripherally between the skin and myotomes. This suggests an association of early stages in synaptogenesis with axon growth. This and other possible inferences about axon and dendrite growth in relation to synaptogenesis are discussed.
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 293-305 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ascidia (Botryllus schlosseri) ; Metamorphosis ; Muscle tissue involution ; Phagocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The caudal musculature of the free-swimming tadpole of the ascidian, B. schlosseri consists of cylindrical mononucleated cells connected in longitudinal rows flanking the axial notochord. During resorption of the larval tail, which is apparently induced by the contraction of the epidermis, muscle cells are dissociated and pushed into the body cavity where most of them are rapidly engulfed by phagocytes. In the initial stages of tail withdrawal muscle cells display surface alterations due to the disruption of intercellular junctions and disarrangement of myofibrils. Extensive degenerative changes, with shrinkage of mitochondria and disintegration of the contractile material are subsequently observed. Lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles are rarely seen and appear to play a secondary role in the degradation of the muscle cells, which occurs predominantly within the phagocytes. Myofilaments and myofibrils have never been observed within autophagic vacuoles. Clumps of muscle fragments and degenerated phagocytes undergo eventual dissolution in the blood lacunae, concomitantly with the differentiation of the young oozooid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 339-355 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sertoli cell, human ; Morphological classification ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary As revealed by light microscopical investigations the human Sertoli cell presents different appearances according to the pattern of infranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Although two or three stages of spermatogenesis are seen in a single cross section of a seminiferous tubule the Sertoli cells all show virtually the same features in such a cross sectioned tubule. The different appearances are also evident under the electron microscope. Although no obvious correlation was found with the stages of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous epithelium, the Sertoli cell appearances described here may be assumed to represent different metabolic situations. Other features of Sertoli cell ultrastructure are discussed such as the presence of residual bodies in the apical cytoplasm, glycogen-rich areas protruding towards the tubular lumen or the extracellular space, and membrane bound, round structures, found between the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and resembling the “microbodies” of steroid producing cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 497-515 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Arcuate nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Sexual cycle ; Ribbon-rolls ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Changes in subcellular structures of arcuate neurons correlated in a consistent way with stages of the estrous cycle of the rat. Associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum short ribbons of moderately electron dense material appeared at metestrus and circular or elliptical bodies termed “ribbon-rolls” at diestrus and proestrus. Although present in proestrus, the ribbon-rolls were smaller at this stage. In a few neurons in diestrous females and in ovariectomized animals one to seven months before perfusion multiple large ribbon-rolls occupied much of the cytoplasm. Also, frequency of dense granules and lysosomes increased in diestrus. The significance of the ribbon-rolls and changes in other structures during the estrous cycle are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 517-530 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Medial preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The neuronal and glial cell bodies and the neuropil of the medial preoptic area of the rat hypothalamus were studied under the electron microscope. Two different types of neurons are identified on the basis of electron density. These two types differed in a number of ultrastructural features. Three types of nerve terminals based on vesicle morphology are also described, as well as the general structure of the axons, dendrites and synapses in the neuropil. The structure of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Urinary bladder ; Frog ; Water permeability and Ultrastructure ; Hyperosmolarity ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Resumé Certaines informations récentes (voir introduction) nous ont conduits à reconsidérer la possibilité que l'action de l'hormone antidiurétique sur les tissus épithéliaux puisse s'exercer au niveau des jonctions intercellulaires. Une étude comparative des cinétiques d'apparition des altérations ultrastructurales et des variations de perméabilité à l'eau a permis d'établir que les décollements de la “tight junction” provoqués par l'hyperosmolarité muqueuse apparaissent avant tout accroissement significatif du flux net d'eau et ne peuvent donc pas en être la conséquence. L'examen à haute résolution, par cryodécapage, de la structure de la “tight junction” montre l'apparition dans ces conditions de plages plus ou moins circulaires où la membrane présente un aspect lisse et apparemment distendu et où la structure typique de la “tight junction” a disparu. Ces modifications rétrocèdent après stimulation hormonale et ceci conduit à penser qu'elles ne sont pas impliquées dans la réspone hydrosomotique physiologique.
    Notizen: Summary The role of the tight junction in the hydrosmotic response of the frog urinary bladder has been analysed by comparative kinetic studies and freeze etching examination. The comparison of the time course of the variations in transepithelial water net flux and of the alterations of tight junction ultrastructure in bladders exposed to mucosal hyperosmolar solutions shows that blisters are present in the tight junction before any increase in transepithelial water net flux. This indicates that the two phenomena are dissociated. In the same experimental conditions, freeze etching examination shows the presence in the tight junction of large areas of smooth and apparently stretched membrane where the typical network structure has disappeared. These alterations are reduced by further treatment with oxytocin and are probably not involved in the physiological hydrosomotic response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 533-541 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Myofibroblasts ; Testicular capsule (rat) ; Connective tissue ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A specialized type of fibroblast occurs in the testicular capsule of adult rats. The flattened cells are characterized by bundles of cytoplasmic filaments. Filament bundles run parallel to the cell surface and insert in plaques of granular, electron dense material which is attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane (attachment zones). Cytoplasmic filaments measure 60–80 Å in diameter. Sporadically plaques of basal lamina-like material are found, especially in the region of attachment zones. These specialized fibroblasts are interpreted as myofibroblasts. It is supposed that contractility of the testicular capsule in rats is caused by myofibroblasts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Median eminence ; Agranular and granular vesicles ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Micro-pinocytosis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Nerve profiles in the basal part of the palisade zone of rat median eminence have been divided into 4 categories on the basis of their vesicular content: profiles a with agranular vesicles of about 50 nm, b with similar agranular vesicles and also with granular vesicles of mainly 70–140 nm, c with granular vesicles alone and d without vesicles. After intravenous injection of exogenous peroxidase, castrated male rats showed, in comparison to sham-operated controls, a 3–5 fold increase in the percentage of nerve profiles of category a which contained peroxidase loaded vesicles of about 50 nm. In contrast, no significant change was observed for nerve profiles of other categories. It is concluded that exogenous peroxidase may be used to demonstrate changes in the activity of tuberoinfundibular nerve terminals at the ultrastructural level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 117-125 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sinus gland ; Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda) ; Nerve fibre cell types ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The sinus gland of Carcinus maenas consists of the swollen axonal endings of the neurosecretory cells of the major ganglia and acts as a storage release centre for the membrane bound neurosecretory material. These neurosecretory granules fall into five different types based on size and electron density. Their contents are released by exocytosis of the primary granules or smaller units budded from the primary granules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 193-199 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microfilaments ; Prolactin cells ; Anterior pituitary ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Prolactin cells from anterior pituitary glands of normal non-lactating female rats, and lactating animals, some of which were separated from their pups for 48 hours, were examined ultrastructurally for the presence of microfilaments. Microfilaments were found in specific intracellular locations in all cells examined. They were in association with the nuclear envelope, the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, small vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory granules. The possible role of microfilaments in the movement of intracellular organelles is considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuromuscular junctions ; Development in vitro ; Electron microscopy ; Electrophysiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of neuro-muscular junctions between previously dissociated foetal rat spinal cord and somatic muscle has been investigated. The first indications of junction formation, both ultrastructurally and electrophysiologically, were observed after circa 18 days in vitro. The junctions contained numerous vesicles, but no secondary folds were developed even after 6 weeks in culture, and synaptic densities were not well marked. Functional endplates were found, and action potentials, endplate potentials and miniature endplate potentials recorded.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 321-336 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle fibres (Tadpole tail) ; Degeneration ; Macrophages ; Autophagic vacuoles ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This report describes histochemical and ultrastructural studies of tail muscles in tadpoles of Rana japonica and Rana catesbeiana during metamorphosis, this process being accompanied by degeneration of the tail. Degeneration of individual tail muscles does not occur at the same time; this is true for both the red and white muscle fibres. The initial phase of degeneration showed mesenchymal macrophages first invading the muscle fibres and then sending out many long cytoplasmic processes which split the fibres apart. The disappearance of myofibrils during degeneration proceeds along at least two different mechanisms even within a single muscle fibre. In one type, the Z-band becomes diffuse and then disappears, resulting in fragmentation of the myofibrils at the sites previously occupied by the Z-bands. The second pattern of degeneration is characterized by disappearance of the Z-band followed by a fanning out of the myofilaments not associated with fragmentation of myofibrils. As atrophy of muscle fibres proceeds, acid phosphatase activity is localized in the perinuclear sarcoplasm. Macrophages show more intense acid phosphatase activity than do the muscle fibres. The formation of autophagic vacuoles is described and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 491-512 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gills ; Tilapia mossambica ; Arterio-venous anastomoses ; Specialized endothelia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Arterio-venous anastomoses (AVA) in gill filaments of Tilapia mossambica exhibit a distinct polarity. Two different types of highly specialized endothelial cells, both of epitheloid shape, line these vessels: Type I cells, contacting the arterial lumen, are elongated and about two to three times as large as type II endothelial cells. Their surface is increased by tentacular protrusions which reach far into the arterial lumen. Filament whorls forming tubelike structures with centrally located glycogen granules are abundant in these cells. Type II endothelial cells are located proximal to the central venous sinus (CVS). Their less abundant and more electron dense cytoplasm is free of filament whorls. There are also intermediate cell forms at approximately the middle of each anastomosis. Short cell processes protrude from all endothelial cell types into the AVA lumen. Outside the indistinct vascular basement lamina, a layer of cover cells tightly envelopes the AVA. These cells are, however, absent around the part of the AVA adjacent to the CVS. Here the endothelial cells are in immediate contact with the interstitium. Endothelial cells sheathed by cover cells reach the interstitium through basal foot processes. Nerve fibre bundles regularly come into close contact with the AVAs. Possible functions of the AVAs, including osmoreception are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Avian follicles ; Oocytes ; Transosomes ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy has been utilized to determine fates of sacs of ribosomes (variously termed “transosomes”, “unique organelles”, or “lining bodies”) formed in the follicular cells of avian follicles and subsequently entering-or being taken in-by the oocytes. Small follicles (0.5 mm diameter) of laying hens, a hen afflicted with Marek's disease and prelaying pullets were examined in this regard. In the case of the hen with Marek's disease and the prelaying pullets, sacs of ribosomes were found to be present within the oocyte but those present in the interior of the cell were in the form of digestive vacuoles. In a fourth group of hens, receiving actinomycin D, larger oocytes (2.0 mm diameter) exhibited breakdown of the membranous vesicles in which the sacs of ribosomes entered the oocyte, as well as dissolution of membranes surrounding the forming yolk granules and the membranes of coated vesicles. Annulate lamellae were present in oocytes of the hen afflicted with Marek's disease and appeared within at least 24 hours in oocytes from hens receiving actinomycin D.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 333-343 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: One of the main reasons for immobilizing an enzyme is to enable its reuse, or continuous use, in a reactor. Consequently immobilized enzyme stability is an important factor in enzyme reactor design. The performance of the reactor will decrease if during operation the support material disintegrates into smaller particles that pass out of the reactor system.When β-galactosidase is immobilized by covalent attachment to AE-cellulose, the smaller particles have a higher activity. After subjection of the immobilized enxyme to a shear stress the average particle size decreases and the total enzymic activity increases. A loss of small particles from the reactor, although constituting a small weight percent loss of support, will result in a disproportionately large loss in activity. The relevance of these observations to reactor performance is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 345-360 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A tubular membrane reactor offers many advantages over a solid wall reactor to carry out an enzyme catalyzed reaction. With proper membrane selectivity, the product, may be separated from the reacting stream and the enzyme recycled for continuous reuse. In most cases, enzyme reuse contributes to the economic feasibility of a continuous enzyme catalyzed process. Furthermore, the efficiency and performance of a membrane reactor is greater than that of a solid wall reactor.Continuous hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme β-amylase, carried out in a commercially available tubular membrane unit, is studied at different starch and enzyme concentrations for a given system pressure and inlet flow rate. Results show that the performance of the membrane reactor is in all cases greater than that of the solid wall reactor. A steady state in performance of permeation rate is, however, not reached by the membrane reactor, which shows a continuous decline within the periods examined in this study. This decline is caused in part by the aging of the starch solution, but mostly by the formation of a concentrated, or gel, layer at the membrane surface. This appears to be the main limiting factor for this process since the decline in reaction and permeation rate results in a severe decrease in the amount of maltose in the permeate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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