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  • 2000-2004  (132)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1870-1879
  • 2004  (65)
  • 2002  (67)
  • 1923
  • 1871
  • 1834
  • ddc:000  (113)
  • Electronic books  (10)
  • Globalization.  (5)
  • English literature, Early modern, 1500-1700, History and criticism.  (4)
Source
Years
  • 2000-2004  (132)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1870-1879
Year
Keywords
Language
  • 1
    Unknown
    The great American history fact-finder : the who, what, where, when, and why of American history (2004)
    Boston : Houghton Mifflin
    Details
    Keywords: United States, History, Dictionaries ; Electronic books
    Pages: xi, 608 p.
    Edition: 2nd ed., updated and expanded
    ISBN: 1-417-59441-1
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=131795
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Unknown
    The poetics of appearance in the Attic korai (2004)
    Austin : University of Texas Press
    Details
    Keywords: Acropolis (Athens, Greece) ; Athena (Greek deity), Cult ; Electronic books ; Inscriptions, Greek ; Kore statues ; Polychromy, Greece, Athens ; Votive offerings, Greece, Athens
    Pages: xiv, 230 p., [32] p. of plates
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 0-292-79763-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=130430
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Unknown
    Sight unseen : an exploration of conscious and unconscious vision (2004)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Vision disorders ; Visual perception
    Pages: ix, 135 p.
    ISBN: 1-423-70567-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=130746
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Unknown
    Appraising and using social research in the human services : an introduction for social work and health professionals (2004)
    London ; Philadelphia : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
    Details
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Evaluation research (Social action programs) ; Human services, Research, Methodology ; Social service, Research, Methodology
    Notes: The process of using social research -- Some key issues in appraising social research -- Questionnaire design for quantitative research: structured instruments -- Surveys and sampling -- Experimental and quasi-experimental designs -- The qualitative interview -- Ethnography and practice -- Content analysis: grounded theory -- Qualitative evaluation -- Multimethod research
    Pages: 256 p.
    ISBN: 1-423-71051-7
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129937
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Unknown
    Hispanic spaces, Latino places : community and cultural diversity in contemporary America (2004)
    Austin : University of Texas Press
    Details
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Hispanic Americans, Case studies, Social conditions ; Human geography, Case studies, United States
    Notes: Hispanic American legacy, Latino American diaspora / Daniel D. Arreola -- The plaza in Las Vegas, New Mexico: a community gathering place / Jeffrey S. Smith -- Social geography of Laredo, Texas, neighborhoods: distinctiveness and diversity in a majority-Hispanic place / Michael S. Yoder and Renée La Perrière de Gutiérrez -- Barrio under siege: Latino sense of place in San Francisco, California / Brain J. Godfrey -- Globalization of the barrio: transformation of the Latino cultural landscapes of San Diego, California / Lawrence A. Herzog -- Barrio space and place in southeast Los Angeles, California / James R. Curtis -- Changing Latinzation of New York City / Inés M. Miyares -- Soccer and Latino cultural space: metropolitan Washington fútbol leagues / Marie Price and Courtney Whitworth -- The cultural landscape of a Puerto Rican neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio / Albert Benedict and Robert B. Kent -- Latinos in polynucleated Kansas City / Steven L. Driever -- Se venden aqu:̓ Latino commercial landscapes in Phoenix, Arizona / Alex Oberle -- Hispanics in the American South and the transformation of the poultry industry / William Kandel and Emilio A. Parrado -- Hispanization of Hereford, Texas / Terrence W. Haverluk
    Pages: viii, 334 p.
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 0-292-79744-3
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=130410
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Unknown
    The future of the international monetary system (2004)
    Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA : Edward Elgar
    Details
    Keywords: Capital movements ; Debts, External ; Electronic books ; Finance, Developing countries ; Foreign exchange ; International finance ; Monetary policy ; Monetary policy, Developing countries
    Pages: 1 v. (various pagings)
    ISBN: 1-8454-2469-7
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=127479
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 7
    Unknown
    The vocation of reason : studies in critical theory and social science in the age of Max Weber (2004)
    Leiden ; Boston : Brill
    International studies in sociology and social anthropology  
    Details
    Keywords: Weber, Max ; Electronic books ; Rationalism ; Sociology, History ; Sociology, Philosophy
    Pages: xlvii, 376 p.
    ISBN: 1-423-71239-0
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=133045
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 8
    Unknown
    A handbook of comparative social policy (2004)
    Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA : Edward Elgar
    Details
    Keywords: Globalization. ; Social policy.
    Pages: xvi, 422 p.
    ISBN: 1-8454-2158-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=114758
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 9
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    Vorhaben: Offene Navigation und Suchmaschinen in Verbünden, Konsortien und den Wissenschaften; Schlussbericht zumTeilprojekt des BMBF-Vorhabens: Kompetenznetzwerk NeueDienste, Standardisierung, Metadaten. (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-23
    Description: Die harmonische Integration der Navigation und Suche in lizenzierten Journalen und gleichzeitig in freien digitalen Dokumenten unter einer einheitlichen konsistenten Nutzeroberflache ist eines der ungelösten F&E-Probleme der Fachinformation. Hierfür sollen Elemente des Invisible Web und des Visible Web unter Berücksichtigung offener Standards nahtlos #I miteinander verbunden werden. Dem Projekt liegt ein Modell mit Internet-Index, Metasuche und Open Linking über verteilten heterogenen Speichern #I zu Grunde: Verschiedenste Server, digitale Referenzen in Artikeln und Dokumenten, Links in Datenbanken und auf Bestelldienste sollen unter Berücksichtigung von Standort-, Studien- und Lernbedingungen kooperativ miteinander vernetzt werden. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des Modells soll in Pilotimplementierungen getestet und für eine breite Anwendung vorbereitet werden. Auf dieser Basis soll das Vorhaben Verteilter Zeitschriftenserver der AG der Verbundsysteme in eigenen Teilprojekten kooperativ initiiert werden, das jetzt in das Vorhaben Verteilter Dokumentenserver von vascoda integriert ist.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    OPUS
  • 10
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    Parameter Estimation and Accuracy Matching Strategies for 2-D Reactor Models (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The mathematical modeling of a special modular catalytic reactor kit leads to a system of partial differential equation in two space dimensions. As customary, this model contains unconfident physical parameters, which may be adapted to fit experimental data. To solve this nonlinear least squares problem we apply a damped Gauss-Newton method. A method of lines approach is used to evaluate the associated model equations. By an a priori spatial discretization a large DAE system is derived and integrated with an adaptive, linearly-implicit extrapolation method. For sensitivity evaluation we apply an internal numerical differentiation technique, which reuses linear algebra information from the model integration. In order not to interfere the control of the Gauss-Newton iteration these computations are done usually very accurately and, therefore, very costly. To overcome this difficulty, we discuss several accuracy adaptation strategies, e.g., a master-slave mode. Finally, we present some numerical experiments.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 11
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    Finding All Maximal Cliques of a Family of Induced Subgraphs (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-06
    Description: Many real world problems can be mapped onto graphs and solved with well-established efficient algorithms studied in graph theory. One such problem is to find large sets of points satisfying some mutual relationship. This problem can be transformed to the problem of finding all cliques of an undirected graph by mapping each point onto a vertex of the graph and connecting any two vertices by an edge whose corresponding points satisfy our desired relationship. Clique detection has been widely studied and there exist efficient algorithms. In this paper we study a related problem, where all points have a set of binary attributes, each of which is either 0 or 1. This is only a small limitation, since all discrete properties can be mapped onto binary attributes. In our case, we want to find large sets of points not only satisfying some mutual relationship; but, in addition, all points of a set also need to have at least one common attribute with value 1. The problem we described can be mapped onto a set of induced subgraphs, where each subgraph represents a single attribute. For attribute $i$, its associated subgraph contains those vertices corresponding to the points with attribute $i$ set to 1. We introduce the notion of a maximal clique of a family, $\mathcal{G}$, of induced subgraphs of an undirected graph, and show that determining all maximal cliques of $\mathcal{G}$ solves our problem. Furthermore, we present an efficient algorithm to compute all maximal cliques of $\mathcal{G}$. The algorithm we propose is an extension of the widely used Bron-Kerbosch algorithm.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 12
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    An Integer Programming Model for Multi-Layer Network Design (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We present an integer linear programming model for the design of multi-layer telecommunication networks. The formulation integrates hardware, capacity, routing, and grooming decisions in \emph{any} n umber of network layers. Practical hardware restrictions and cost can accurately be taken into account for technologies based on connection-oriented routing protocols.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 13
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    Compressing Triangle Meshes using Geometric Infomation (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We introduce FreeLence, a lossless single-rate connectivity compression algorithm for triangle surface meshes. Based upon a geometry-driven traversal scheme we present two novel and simple concepts: free-valence connectivity encoding and entropy coding based on geometric context. Together these techniques yield significantly smaller rates for connectivity compression than current state of the art approaches - valence-based algorithms and Angle- Analyzer, with an average of $36\%$ improvement over the former and an average of $18\%$ over the latter on benchmark 3D models, combined with the ability to well adapt to the regularity of meshes. We also prove that our algorithm exhibits a smaller worst case entropy for a class of "'well-behaved"' triangle meshes than valence-driven connectivity encoding approaches.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 14
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    Jahresbericht 2003 (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: annualzib , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 15
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    Large-scale hierarchical networks: How to compute an optimal architecture? (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: In this article, we present a mathematical model and an algorithm to support one of the central strategic planning decisions of network operators: How to organize a large number of locations into a hierarchical network? We propose a solution approach that is based on mixed-integer programming and Lagrangian relaxation techniques. As major advantage, our approach provides not only solutions but also worst-case quality guarantees. Real-world scenarios with more than 750 locations have been solved within 30 minutes to less than 1\% off optimality.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 16
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    UMTS Radio Network Evaluation and Optimization beyond Snapshots (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: This paper is concerned with UMTS radio network design. Our task is to reconfigure antennas and the related cells as to improve network quality. In contrast to second generation GSM networks, \emph{interference} plays a paramount role when designing third generation radio networks. A known compact formulation for assessing the interference characteristics of a radio network as coupling relations between cells based on user snapshots is generalized to statistical average load. This enables us to overcome the notorious difficulties of snapshot-based network optimization approaches. We recall a mixed-integer programming model for the network design problem that is based on user snapshots and contrast it with a new network design model based on the average coupling formulation. Exemplarily focusing on the important problem of optimizing antenna tilts, we give computational results for a fast local search algorithm and the application of a MIP solver to both models. These results demonstrate that our new average-based approaches outperform state-of-the-art snapshot models for UMTS radio network optimization.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 17
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    SCIP - a framework to integrate Constraint and Mixed Integer Programming (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Constraint Programs and Mixed Integer Programs are closely related optimization problems originating from different scientific areas. Today's state-of-the-art algorithms of both fields have several strategies in common, in particular the branch-and-bound process to recursively divide the problem into smaller sub problems. On the other hand, the main techniques to process each sub problem are different, and it was observed that they have complementary strenghts. We propose a programming framework {\sffamily SCIP} that integrates techniques from both fields in order to exploit the strenghts of both, Constraint Programming and Mixed Integer Programming. In contrast to other proposals of recent years to combine both fields, {\sffamily SCIP} does not focus on easy implementation and rapid prototyping, but is tailored towards expert users in need of full, in-depth control and high performance.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 18
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    Searching and Classifying Differential Equations on the Web (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-06
    Description: In this paper we describe the semantic analysis of differential equations given in the ubiquitous semi-structured formats MathML and OpenMath. The analysis is integrated in a deployed Web indexing framework. Starting from basic classifications for differential equations the proposed system architecture is amenable to extensions for further reconstruction of mathematical content on the Web. The syntactic analysis of mathematical formulae given in the considered formats must overcome ambiguities that stem from the fact that formula particles may have different encodings, which are in principle completely arbitrary. However, it turns out that the syntactic analysis can be done straightforward given some natural heuristic assumptions.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
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    Anisotropic Filtering of Non-Linear Surface Features (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: A new method for noise removal of arbitrary surfaces meshes is presented which focuses on the preservation and sharpening of non-linear geometric features such as curved surface regions and feature lines. Our method uses a prescribed mean curvature flow (PMC) for simplicial surfaces which is based on three new contributions: 1. the definition and efficient calculation of a discrete shape operator and principal curvature properties on simplicial surfaces that is fully consistent with the well-known discrete mean curvature formula, 2. an anisotropic discrete mean curvature vector that combines the advantages of the mean curvature normal with the special anisotropic behaviour along feature lines of a surface, and 3. an anisotropic prescribed mean curvature flow which converges to surfaces with an estimated mean curvature distribution and with preserved non-linear features. Additionally, the PMC flow prevents boundary shrinkage at constrained and free boundary segments.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 20
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    Function space interior point methods for PDE constrained optimization (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: A primal-dual interior point method for optimal control problems with PDE constraints is considered. The algorithm is directly applied to the infinite dimensional problem. Existence and convergence of the central path are analyzed. Numerical results from an inexact continuation method applied to a model problem are shown.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 21
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    Zusammenarbeit mit vascoda im Rahmen des Verteilten Dokumentenservers (VDS) (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Die in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Verbundsysteme zusammengeschlossenen deutschen Verbundsysteme kooperieren zur Realisierung eines die Länder und Verbundregionen übergreifenden offenen Netzwerkes einer offenen digitalen Bibliothek, dem Verteilten Dokumentenserver (VDS). Wesentliche Bestandteile des VDS sind die in den lokalen Bibliotheken und Verbundsystemen verteilten Dokumentenspeicher. Beim Aufbau des VDS verfolgen die deutschen Verbundsysteme für ihre digitalen Ressourcen, Zeitschriften und Dokumente, folgende Ziele [AGV03]: \begin{itemize} \item{Erhalt und dauerhafte Sicherung einmal erworbener Rechte} \item{Bessere Erschließung und Integration in das eigene Angebot} \item{Nahtlose Navigation in lokalen Zeitschriften- und Dokumentenservern und zwischen digitalen Artikeln und Zeitschriften, Dokumenten und Servern} \item{Dauerhafte Sicherung des Zugriffs und perspektivisch Langzeitverfügbarkeit} \end{itemize} Die Verbundsysteme streben an, die Speicherung, Erschließung und das Angebot ihrer digitalen Materialien in einer nationalen Kooperation durchzuführen. Sie entwickeln und betreiben zu diesem Zweck Portal- und Querschnittstechnologien zur Integration ihrer dezentral gespeicherten digitalen Ressourcen mittels Internet-Technologien.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 22
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    Utility Proportional Fair Bandwidth Allocation - An Optimization Oriented Approach (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper, we present a novel approach to the congestion control and resource allocation problem of elastic and real-time traffic in telecommunication networks. With the concept of utility functions, where each source uses a utility function to evaluate the benefit from achieving a transmission rate, we interpret the resource allocation problem as a global optimization problem. The solution to this problem is characterized by a new fairness criterion, \e{utility proportional fairness}. We argue that it is an application level performance measure, i.e. the utility that should be shared fairly among users. As a result of our analysis, we obtain congestion control laws at links and sources that are globally stable and provide a utility proportional fair resource allocation in equilibrium. We show that a utility proportional fair resource allocation also ensures utility max-min fairness for all users sharing a single path in the network. As a special case of our framework, we incorporate utility max-min fairness for the entire network. To implement our approach, neither per-flow state at the routers nor explicit feedback beside ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) from the routers to the end-systems is required.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Die Mathematik der kürzesten Wege. Inhalte und Methoden für den Unterricht (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Wie findet man den optimalen Weg im U-Bahnnetz? Das Problem wird als Graph modelliert und dann eine Breitensuche durchgeführt. Will man Weglängen oder Fahrzeiten mitberücksichtigen, so braucht man den Algorithmus von Dijkstra für gewichtige Graphen. Beim Nachdenken über diese Algorithmen werden auch Fragestellungen der Graphentheorie berührt. In einem zweiten Abschnitt werden methodische Hinweise für den Unterricht in der Sekundarstufe I und II gegeben, insbesondere, wie man Lernende dazu bringen kann, ihre Ideen für Algorithmen präzise zu analysieren und zu Papier zu bringen.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 24
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    Perron Cluster Analysis and Its Connection to Graph Partitioning for Noisy Data (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The problem of clustering data can be formulated as a graph partitioning problem. Spectral methods for obtaining optimal solutions have reveceived a lot of attention recently. We describe Perron Cluster Cluster Analysis (PCCA) and, for the first time, establish a connection to spectral graph partitioning. We show that in our approach a clustering can be efficiently computed using a simple linear map of the eigenvector data. To deal with the prevalent problem of noisy and possibly overlapping data we introduce the min Chi indicator which helps in selecting the number of clusters and confirming the existence of a partition of the data. This gives a non-probabilistic alternative to statistical mixture-models. We close with showing favorable results on the analysis of gene expressi on data for two different cancer types.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 25
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    Linear Programming Lower Bounds for Minimum Converter Wavelength Assignment in Optical Networks (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper, we study the conflict-free assignment of wavelengths to lightpaths in an optical network with the opportunity to place wavelength converters. To benchmark heuristics for the problem, we develop integer programming formulations and study their properties. Moreover, we study the computational performance of the column generation algorithm for solving the linear relaxation of the most promising formulation. In many cases, a non-zero lower bound on the number of required converters is generated this way. For several instances, we in fact prove optimality since the lower bound equals the best known solution value.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 26
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    On PDE Solution in Transient Optimization of Gas Networks (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Operative planning in gas distribution networks leads to large-scale mixed-integer optimization problems involving a hyperbolic PDE defined on a graph. We consider the NLP obtained under prescribed combinatorial decisions---or as relaxation in a branch and bound framework, addressing in particular the KKT systems arising in primal-dual interior methods. We propose a custom solution algorithm using sparse local projections, based on the KKT systems' structual properties induced by the discretized gas flow equations in combination with the underlying network topology. The numerical efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm are investigated, and detailed computational comparisons with a control space method and with the multifrontal solver MA27 are provided.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Optimization Models for Operative Planning in Drinking Water Networks (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: The topic of this paper is minimum cost operative planning of pressurized water supply networks over a finite horizon and under reliable demand forecast. Since this is a very hard problem, it is desirable to employ sophisticated mathematical algorithms, which in turn calls for carefully designed models with suitable properties. The paper develops a nonlinear mixed integer model and a nonlinear programming model with favorable properties for gradient-based optimization methods, based on smooth component models for the network elements. In combination with further nonlinear programming techniques (to be reported elsewhere), practically satisfactory near-optimum solutions even for large networks can be generated in acceptable time using standard optimization software on a PC workstation. Such an optimization system is in operation at Berliner Wasserbetriebe.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 28
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    Unterrichtsideen zu Algorithmen der kombinatorischen Optimierung (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Im Rahmen von Problemstellungen der kombinatorischen Optimierung können Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, Algorithmen selber zu entwickeln. Gleichzeitig lernen sie dabei moderne Mathematik in ihren Anwendungen kennen und erleben die Mathematik als lebendige Wissenschaft.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 29
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    Computing Optimal Morse Matchings (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: Morse matchings capture the essential structural information of discrete Morse functions. We show that computing optimal Morse matchings is NP-hard and give an integer programming formulation for the problem. Then we present polyhedral results for the corresponding polytope and report on computational results.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Provably Good Solutions for Wavelength Assignment in Optical Networks (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper, we study the minimum converter wavelength assignment problem in optical networks. To benchmark the quality of solutions obtained by heuristics, we derive an integer programming formula tion by generalizing the formulation of Mehrotra and Trick (1996) for the vertex coloring problem. To handle the exponential number of variables, we propose a column generation approach. Computational experiments show that the value of the linear relaxation states a good lower bound and can often prove optimality of the best solution generated heuristically.
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    A Note on Contraction Degeneracy (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: The parameter contraction degeneracy -- the maximum minimum degree over all minors of a graph -- is a treewidth lower bound and was first defined in (Bodlaender, Koster, Wolle, 2004). In experiments it was shown that this lower bound improves upon other treewidth lower bounds. In this note, we examine some relationships between the contraction degeneracy and connected components of a graph, block s of a graph and the genus of a graph. We also look at chordal graphs, and we study an upper bound on the contraction degeneracy and another lower bound for treewidth. A data structure that can be used for algorithms computing the degeneracy and similar parameters, is also described.
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    On the Maximum Cardinality Search Lower Bound for Treewidth (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: The Maximum Cardinality Search algorithm visits the vertices of a graph in some order, such that at each step, an unvisited vertex that has the largest number of visited neighbors becomes visited. An MCS-ordering of a graph is an ordering of the vertices that can be generated by the Maximum Cardinality Search algorithm. The visited degree of a vertex $v$ in an MCS-ordering is the number of neighbors of $v$ that are before $v$ in the ordering. The visited degree of an MCS-ordering $\psi$ of $G$ is the maximum visited degree over all vertices $v$ in $\psi$. The maximum visited degree over all MCS-orderings of graph $G$ is called its {\em maximum visited degree}. Lucena (2003) showed that the treewidth of a graph $G$ is at least its maximum visited degree. We show that the maximum visited degree is of size $O(\log n)$ for planar graphs, and give examples of planar graphs $G$ with maximum visited degree $k$ with $O(k!)$ vertices, for all $k\in \Bbb{N}$. Given a graph $G$, it is NP-complete to determine if its maximum visited degree is at least $k$, for any fixed $k\geq 7$. Also, this problem does not have a polynomial time approximation algorithm with constant ratio, unless P=NP. Variants of the problem are also shown to be NP-complete. We also propose and experimentally analyses some heuristics for the problem. Several tiebreakers for the MCS algorithm are proposed and evaluated. We also give heuristics that give upper bounds on the value of the maximum visited degree of a graph, which appear to give results close to optimal on many graphs from real life applications.
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    A new Model for the Free Energy of Solvation and its Application in Protein Ligand Scoring (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: A new and time efficient model to evaluate the free energy of solvation has been developed. The solvation free energy is separated into an electrostatic term, a hydrogen bond term, and a rest-term, combining both entropic and van der Waals effects. The electrostatic contribution is evaluated with a simplified boundary element method using the partial charges of the MMFF94 force field. The number of hydrogen bonds and the solvent excluded surface area over the surface atoms are used in a linear model to estimate the non-electrostatic contribution. This model is applied to a set of 213 small and mostly organic molecules, yielding an rmsd of 0.87kcal/mol and a correlation with experimental data of r=0.951. The model is applied as a supplementary component of the free energy of binding to estimate binding constants of protein ligand complexes. The intermolecular interaction energy is evaluated by using the MMFF94 force field.
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    Multiple Semi-flexible 3D Superposition of Drug-sized Molecules (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-06
    Description: In this paper we describe a new algorithm for multiple semi-flexible superpositioning of drug-sized molecules. The algorithm identifies structural similarities of two or more molecules. When comparing a set of molecules on the basis of their three-dimensional structures, one is faced with two main problems. (1) Molecular structures are not fixed but flexible, i.e., a molecule adopts different forms. To address this problem, we consider a set of conformers per molecule. As conformers we use representatives of conformational ensembles, generated by the program ZIBMol. (2) The degree of similarity may vary considerably among the molecules. This problem is addressed by searching for similar substructures present in arbitrary subsets of the given set of molecules. The algorithm requires to preselect a reference molecule. All molecules are compared to this reference molecule. For this pairwise comparison we use a two-step approach. Clique detection on the correspondence graph of the molecular structures is used to generate start transformations, which are then iteratively improved to compute large common substructures. The results of the pairwise comparisons are efficiently merged using binary matching trees. All common substructures that were found, whether they are common to all or only a few molecules, are ranked according to different criteria, such as number of molecules containing the substructure, size of substructure, and geometric fit. For evaluating the geometric fit, we extend a known scoring function by introducing weights which allow to favor potential pharmacophore points. Despite considering the full atomic information for identifying multiple structural similarities, our algorithm is quite fast. Thus it is well suited as an interactive tool for the exploration of structural similarities of drug-sized molecules.
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    Data Management for Processing Molecules (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Molecular dynamics simulations of possible ligands for proteins yield large amounts of data in the form of trajectories which are further processed in order to find metastable conformations. These conformations can then be used for docking between ligand and protein. Around this core computation procedure lots of other data have to be managed. It should also be possible for external users not involved in program development to perform computations. As a paradigm for other fields where a similar constitution of program usage and data processing is found we present a software architecture for data generation, access and management. Requirements for this system include: Ease of use, graphical user interface, persistent storage of data concerning molecules, users, programs, program parameters, metadata, and results. A mere storage in the file system would render a quick overview of data more or less impossible. On the other hand, storing large amounts of binary data in a database doesn't yield any advantage concerning speed of access. Therefore, a hybrid approach combining file system and database is appropriate. The system should be easily extensible by inserting new applications which can be controlled and whose results can be collected and stored. The software system described here consists of different components, the presentation layer (graphical user interface), the business logic, the persistence layer (relational database plus file system), and an interface to the compute cluster (batch system for parallel processing). We will discuss the alternatives and take a closer look at the components.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Visual Analysis of Molecular Conformations by Means of a Dynamic Density Mixture Model (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-09
    Description: We propose an approach for transforming the sampling of a molecular conformation distribution into an analytical model based on Hidden Markov Models. The model describes the sampled shape density as a mixture of multivariate unimodal densities. Thus, it delivers an interpretation of the sampled density as a set of typical shapes that appear with different probabilities and are characterized by their geometry, their variability and transition probabilities between the shapes. The gained model is used to identify atom groups of constant shape that are connected by metastable torsion angles. Based on this description an alignment for the original sampling is computed. As it takes into account the different shapes contained in the sampled set, this alignment allows to compute reasonable average shapes and meaningful shape density plots. Furthermore, it enables us to visualize typical conformations.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    MOMENTUM Data Scenarios for Radio Network Planning and Simulation (Extended Abstract) (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: We present publicly available data sets related to research on wireless networks. The scenarios contain a wide range of data and are detailed in all aspects. To our knowledge, this is the most realistic, comprehensive, and detailed \emph{public} data collection on mobile networking. We indicate example uses of this data collection in applications related tu UMTS.
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    Models for Line Planning in Public Transport (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The \emph{line planning problem} is one of the fundamental problems in strategic planning of public and rail transport. It consists of finding lines and corresponding frequencies in a public transport network such that a given travel demand can be satisfied. There are (at least) two objectives. The transport company wishes to minimize its operating cost; the passengers request short travel times. We propose two new multi-commodity flow models for line planning. Their main features, in comparison to existing models, are that the passenger paths can be freely routed and that the lines are generated dynamically.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Triangulated Manifolds with Few Vertices: Centrally Symmetric Spheres and Products of Spheres (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The aim of this paper is to give a survey of the known results concerning centrally symmetric polytopes, spheres, and manifolds. We further enumerate nearly neighborly centrally symmetric spheres and centrally symmetric products of spheres with dihedral or cyclic symmetry on few vertices, and we present an infinite series of vertex-transitive nearly neighborly centrally symmetric 3-spheres.
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    Anisotropic Simulation of the Human Mandible (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: We focus on the role of anisotropic elasticity in the simulation of the load distribution in a human mandible due to a lateral bite on the leftmost premolar. Based on experimental evidence, we adopt ``local''" orthotropy of the elastic properties of the bone tissue. Since the trajectories of anisotropic elasticity are not accessible from Computer Tomographic (CT) data, they will be reconstructed from (i) the organ's geometry and (ii) from coherent structures which can be recognized from the spatial distribution of the CT values. A sensitivity analysis comprising various 3D FE simulations reveals the relevance of elastic anisotropy for the load carrying behavior of a human mandible: Comparison of the load distributions in isotropic and anisotropic simulations indicates that anisotropy seems to ``spare''" the mandible from loading. Moreover, a maximum degree of anisotropy leads to kind of an load minimization of the mandible, expressed by a minimum of different norms of local strain, evaluated throughout the organ. Thus, we may suggest that anisotropy is not only relevant, but also in some sense ``optimal''.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Affine conjugate adaptive Newton methods for nonlinear elastomechanics (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: The paper extends affine conjugate Newton methods from convex to nonconvex minimization, with particular emphasis on PDE problems originating from compressible hyperelasticity. Based on well-known schemes from finite dimensional nonlinear optimization, three different algorithmic variants are worked out in a function space setting, which permits an adaptive multilevel finite element implementation. These algorithms are tested on two well-known 3D test problems and a real-life example from surgical operation planning.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    A Geometrical Characterization of the Multidimensional Hausdorff and Dale Polytopes with Applications to Exit Time Problems (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We present formulae for the corner points of the multidimensional Hausdorff and Dale Polytopes and show how these results can be used to improve linear programming models for computing e.\,g.\ moments of exit distribution of diffusion processes. Specifically, we compute the mean exit time of twodimensional Brownian motion from the unit square and the unit triangle, as well as higher moments of the exit time of time space Brownian motion from a triangle.
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    The Normal Graph Conjecture is true for Circulants (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: Normal graphs are defined in terms of cross-intersecting set families: a graph is normal if it admits a clique cover $\cal Q$ and a stable set cover $\cal S$ s.t.~every clique in $\cal Q$ intersects every stable set in $\cal S$. Normal graphs can be considered as closure of perfect graphs by means of co-normal products (Körner 1973) and graph entropy (Czisz\'ar et al. 1990). Perfect graphs have been recently characterized as those graphs without odd holes and odd antiholes as induced subgraphs (Strong Perfect Graph Theorem, Chudnovsky et al. 2002). Körner and de Simone observed that $C_5$, $C_7$, and $\overline C_7$ are minimal not normal and conjectured, as generalization of the Strong Perfect Graph Theorem, that every $C_5$, $C_7$, $\overline C_7$- free graph is normal (Normal Graph Conjecture, Körner and de Simone 1999). We prove this conjecture for a first class of graphs that generalize both odd holes and odd antiholes, the circulants, by characterizing all the normal circulants.
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    One-Point Suspensions and Wreath Products of Polytopes and Spheres (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: It is known that the suspension of a simplicial complex can be realized with only one additional point. Suitable iterations of this construction generate highly symmetric simplicial complexes with a various interesting combinatorial and topological properties. In particular, infinitely many non-PL spheres as well as contactible simplicial complexes with a vertex-transitive group of automorphisms cab be contained in this way.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Segmentation of the Liver using a 3D Statistical Shape Model (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-10
    Description: This paper presents an automatic approach for segmentation of the liver from computer tomography (CT) images based on a 3D statistical shape model. Segmentation of the liver is an important prerequisite in liver surgery planning. One of the major challenges in building a 3D shape model from a training set of segmented instances of an object is the determination of the correspondence between different surfaces. We propose to use a geometric approach that is based on minimizing the distortion of the correspondence mapping between two different surfaces. For the adaption of the shape model to the image data a profile model based on the grey value appearance of the liver and its surrounding tissues in contrast enhanced CT data was developed. The robustness of this method results from a previous nonlinear diffusion filtering of the image data. Special focus is turned to the quantitative evaluation of the segmentation process. Several different error measures are discussed and implemented in a study involving more than 30 livers.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Branching rules revisited (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Mixed integer programs are commonly solved with linear programming based branch-and-bound algorithms. The success of the algorithm strongly depends on the strategy used to select the variable to branch on. We present a new generalization called {\sl reliability branching} of today's state-of-the-art {\sl strong branching} and {\sl pseudocost branching} strategies for linear programming based branch-and-bound algorithms. After reviewing commonly used branching strategies and performing extensive computational studies we compare different parameter settings and show the superiority of our proposed newstrategy.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    A Bundle Method for Integrated Multi-Depot Vehicle and Duty Scheduling in Public Transit (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-09
    Description: This article proposes a Lagrangean relaxation approach to solve integrated duty and vehicle scheduling problems arising in public transport. The approach is based on the proximal bundle method for the solution of concave decomposable functions, which is adapted for the approximate evaluation of the vehicle and duty scheduling components. The primal and dual information generated by the bundle method is used to guide a branch-and-bound type algorithm. Computational results for large-scale real-world integrated vehicle and duty scheduling problems with up to 1,500 timetabled trips are reported. Compared with the results of a classical sequential approach and with reference solutions, integrated scheduling offers remarkable potentials in savings and drivers' satisfaction.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Adaptive Finite Element Simulation of the Human Mandible Using a New Physiological Model of the Masticatory Muscles (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Structural mechanics simulation of bony organs is of general medical and biomechanical interest, because of the interdependence of the inner architecture of bone and its functional loading already stated by Wolff in 1892. This work is part of a detailed research project concerning the human mandible. By adaptive finite element techniques, stress/strain profiles occurring in the bony structure under biting were simulated. Estimates of the discretization errors, local grid refinement, and multilevel techniques guarantee the reliability and efficiency of the method. In general, our simulation requires a representation of the organ's geometry, an appropriate material description, and the load case due to teeth, muscle, or joint forces. In this paper, we want to focus on the influence of the masticatory system. Our goal is to capture the physiological situation as far as possible. By means of visualization techniques developed by the group, we are able to extract individual muscle fibres from computed tomography data. By a special algorithm, the fibres are expanded to fanlike (esp. for the musc. temporalis) coherent vector fields similar to the anatomical reality. The activity of the fibres can be adapted according to compartmentalisation of the muscles as measured by electromyological experiments. A refined sensitivity analysis proved remarkable impact of the presented approach on the simulation results.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    KKT Systems in Operative Planning for Gas Distribution Networks (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Operative planning in gas networks with prescribed binary decisions yields large scale nonlinear programs defined on graphs. We study the structure of the KKT systems arising in interior methods and present a customized direct solution algorithm. Computational results indicate that the algorithm is suitable for optimization in small and medium-sized gas networks.
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    Indexierung von Online-Katalogen: Ein gemeinsames Konzept der ALEPH-Anwender in Berlin (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-05
    Description: Der Kooperative Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) verzichtet auf eine einheitliche zentrale Verbunddatenbank zugunsten einer dezentralen, verteilten Struktur. In dieser Architektur erhält die Art der Indexierung der angesprochenen Online-Kataloge eine besondere Bedeutung. So werden sowohl Bibliotheksmitarbeiter als auch Bibliotheksbenutzer immer wieder mit der Recherche in fremden Katalogen konfrontiert, in denen unterschiedliche Indexierungsverfahren realisiert sein können. Ein abgestimmtes Indexierungskonzept verfolgt zwei grundsätzliche Ziele. Einerseits soll durch eine vereinheitlichte Indexierung die Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit der Rechercheergebnisse in der parallelen Suche in mehreren Katalogen über die KOBV-Suchmaschine erhöht werden. Gleichzeitig soll durch eine vereinheitlichte Indexierung die Akzeptanz von Suchen in entfernten Katalogen prinzipiell gesteigert und damit die Bedingungen für die gegenseitige Übernahme von Titeldaten erleichtert werden. Für die Indexierung muss zunächst die Art und der Umfang der im OPAC aufzubauenden Indices festgelegt werden. Aus Sicht des Nutzers entspricht diese Definition den möglichen Sucheinstiegen. Hat man dann entschieden, welche Indexterme aus welchen Feldern in die jeweiligen Indices einfließen sollen, muss bestimmt werden, nach welchen Regeln die Terme behandelt werden. Hier stellt sich insbesondere das Problem der Sonderzeichen wie Bindestriche, Apostrophe und Punkte oder Ziffern in Zeichenketten. Das vorliegende Konzept entstand in Zusammenarbeit der großen Universitätsbibliotheken in Berlin (der Freien Universität, der Humboldt-Universität, der Technischen Universität, der Universität der Künste) mit der KOBV-Verbundzentrale am ZIB.
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    Language: German
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    Integrable quadratic Hamiltonians on so(4) and so(3,1) (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We investigate a special class of quadratic Hamiltonians on $so(4)$ and $so(3,1)$ and describe Hamiltonians that have additional polynomial integrals. One of the main results is a new integrable case with an integral of sixth degree.
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    Holes, Antiholes and Maximal Cliques in a Railway Model for a Single Track (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: We present a graph theoretical model for scheduling trains on a single unidirectional track between two stations. The set of departures of all possible train types at all possible (discrete) points of time is turned into an undirected graph $\Gneu$ by joining two nodes if the corresponding departures are in conflict. This graph $\Gneu$ has no odd antiholes and no $k$-holes for any integer $k\geq 5$. In particular, any finite, node induced subgraph of $\Gneu$ is perfect. For any integer $r\geq 2$ we construct minimal headways for $r$ train types so that the resulting graph $\Gneu$ has $2r$-antiholes and $4$-holes at the same time. Hence, $\Gneu$ is neither a chordal graph nor the complement of a chordal graph, in general. At the end we analyse the maximal cliques in $G$.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Robust Process Control by Dynamic Stochastic Programming (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Unnecessarily conservative behavior of standard process control techniques can be avoided by stochastic programming models when the distribution of random disturbances is known. In an earlier study we have investigated such an approach for tank level constraints of a distillation process. Here we address techniques that have accelerated the numerical solution of the large and expensive stochastic programs by a factor of six, and then present a refined optimization model for the same application.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    The Effect of Hop Limits on Optimal Cost in Survivable Network Design (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We investigate the impact of hop-limited routing paths on the total cost of a telecommunication network. For different survivability settings (dedicated protection, link and path restoration), the optimal network cost without restrictions on the admissible path set is compared to the results obtained with two strategies to impose hop limits on routing paths. In a thorough computational study on optimal solutions for nine real-world based problem instances, we show that hop limits should be avoided if the technology allows it and network cost is a major planning issue. In this case, column generation should be employed to deal with all routing paths. If hop-limits are required, these should be defined for each demand individually and as large as possible.
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    Reoptimization Gaps versus Model Errors in Online-Dispatching of Service Units for ADAC (2004)
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Under high load, the automated dispatching of service vehicles for the German Automobile Association (ADAC) must reoptimize a dispatch for 100--150 vehicles and 400 requests in about ten seconds to near optimality. In the presence of service contractors, this can be achieved by the column generation algorithm ZIBDIP. In metropolitan areas, however, service contractors cannot be dispatched automatically because they may decline. The problem: a model without contractors yields larger optimality gaps within ten seconds. One way-out are simplified reoptimization models. These compute a short-term dispatch containing only some of the requests: unknown future requests will influence future service anyway. The simpler the models the better the gaps, but also the larger the model error. What is more significant: reoptimization gap or reoptimization model error? We answer this question in simulations on real-world ADAC data: only the new model ZIBDIP{\footnotesize dummy} can keep up with ZIBDIP.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    Contraction and Treewidth Lower Bounds (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Edge contraction is shown to be a useful mechanism to improve lower bound heuristics for treewidth. A successful lower bound for treewidth is the degeneracy: the maximum over all subgraphs of the minimum degree. The degeneracy is polynomial time computable. We introduce the notion of contraction degeneracy: the maximum over all minors of the minimum degree. We show that the contraction degeneracy problem is NP-complete, even for bipartite graphs, but for fixed $k$, it is polynomial time decidable if a given graph $G$ has contraction degeneracy at least $k$. Heuristics for computing the contraction degeneracy are proposed and evaluated. It is shown that these can lead in practice to considerable improvements of the lower bound for treewidth, but can perform arbitrarily bad on some examples. A study is also made for the combination of contraction with Lucena's lower bound based on Maximum Cardinality Search (Lucena, 2003). Finally, heuristics for the treewidth are proposed and! evaluated that combine contraction with a treewidth lower bound technique by Clautiaux et al (2003).
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    Das KOBV-Portal, elektronische Ressourcen in Berlin-Brandenburg: Nachweis, parallele Suche und weiterführende Dienste (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{german} \parindent=0pt \begin{document} Der Kooperative Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) hat in den Jahren 2001 bis 2003 im Rahmen des Entwicklungsprojektes ''KOBV-Informationsportal`` ein regionales Portal aufgebaut, in dem integrierte Informationsdienste fr die regionalen Bibliotheken zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Das ''KOBV-Portal - Digitale Bibliothek Berlin-Brandenburg`` wurde im Dezember 2003 in Betrieb genommen. Das KOBV-Portal bietet in seiner ersten Ausbaustufe den Nachweis über die in den großen Bibliotheken lizenzierten Ressourcen und elektronischen Zeitschriften, zudem die nahtlose Navigation mittels des Reference-Linking-Werkzeuges SFX zu verschiedenen Diensten wie Fernleihe, Subito und freien Volltexten im Internet sowie zu frei zugänglichen elektronischen Zeitschriften. Realisiert wurden ferner die Remote-Authentifizierung, mit der sich ein Nutzer, der online eine Fernleih-Bestellung aufgeben möchte, über das Internet in seiner Heimatbibliothek authentifizieren kann. Des weiteren ist der Zugriff auf lizenzierte Bestände im Campus einer Hochschule mittels IP-Checking möglich. Als weiteren wesentlichen Bestandteil des KOBV-Portals hat die KOBV-Zentrale mit den Bibliotheken einen Workflow für ein Metadata-Sharing abgestimmt und für die Adaption und Normalisierung lokaler Metadaten aus lokalen Bibliothekssystemen und -Portalen den KOBV-Metadaten-Austausch-Parser (KMA-Parser) entwickelt. Damit Bibliotheken, deren Metadaten bislang lediglich in unstrukturierter Form vorliegen, strukturierte Metadaten anlegen, liefern und nachnutzen können, hat die KOBV-Zentrale das mit einer Web-Katalogisierungsschnittstelle ausgestattete ''Metadata-Tool`` entwickelt. Die für das Metadata-Sharing entwickelten Komponenten und Module sollen den Bibliotheken die Mehrfacherfassung ersparen und ihnen die Möglichkeit der wechselseitigen Nachnutzung der Metadaten eröffnen. Der vorliegende Projekt-Abschlussbericht gibt einen Überblick über die während der Projektlaufzeit realisierten Dienste des KOBV-Portals. \end{document}
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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    Wie komme ich optimal zum Ziel? Unterricht über kürzeste-Wege-Algorithmen für Graphen (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Kürzeste Wege tauchen fast überall im Alltag auf. Daher eignet sich dieses Optimierungsproblem gut für den Unterricht. Modellierung und heuristische Vorgehensweisen werden geübt, um schließlich die klassischen kürzesten Wege-Algorithmen selbst zu erfinden. In diesem Artikel werden die Inhalte vorgestellt und konkrete Hinweise zum Unterricht in der Schule gegeben.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 59
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    A Control Reduced Primal Interior Point Method for PDE Constrained Optimization (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: A primal interior point method for control constrained optimal control problems with PDE constraints is considered. Pointwise elimination of the control leads to a homotopy in the remaining state and dual variables, which is addressed by a short step pathfollowing method. The algorithm is applied to the continuous, infinite dimensional problem, where discretization is performed only in the innermost loop when solving linear equations. The a priori elimination of the least regular control permits to obtain the required accuracy with comparable coarse meshes. Convergence of the method and discretization errors are studied, and the method is illustrated at two numerical examples.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 60
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    Hierarchical Infrastructure Planning in Networks (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: In this article, strategical infrastructure planning problems in the design of large-scale telecommunication networks are discussed based on experiences from three projects with industrial partners: The access network planning of the German Gigabit-Wissenschaftsnetz (G-WiN) for DFN (Verein zur Förderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V.), the mobile network switching center location planning project for E-Plus Mobilfunk, and the fixed network switching center location planning project for TELEKOM AUSTRIA. We introduce a mathematical model for a hierarchical multi-commodity capacitated facility location problem, present adaptions of this basic model to the specific requirements within the different projects and discuss the individual peculiarities and model decisions made. Eventually, we present and discuss computational results of three associated case studies, illustrating '"how we did the job`` with mathematical methods.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 61
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    Degree-Based Treewidth Lower Bounds (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: Every lower bound for treewidth can be extended by taking the maximum of the lower bound over all subgraphs or minors. This extension is shown to be a very vital idea for improving treewidth lower bounds. In this paper, we investigate a total of nine graph parameters, providing lower bounds for treewidth. The parameters have in common that they all are the vertex-degree of some vertex in a subgra ph or minor of the input graph. We show relations between these graph parameters and study their computational complexity. To allow a practical comparison of the bounds, we developed heuristic algorithms for those parameters that are NP-hard to compute. Computational experiments show that combining the treewidth lower bounds with minors can considerably improve the lower bounds.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 62
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    The convergence of an interior point method for an elliptic control problem with mixed control-state constraints (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: The paper addresses primal interior point method for state constrained PDE optimal control problems. By a Lavrentiev regularization, the state constraint is transformed to a mixed control-state constraint with bounded Lagrange multiplier. Existence and convergence of the central path are established, and linear convergence of a short-step pathfollowing method is shown. The behaviour of the regularizations are demonstrated by numerical examples.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 63
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    Homogenization for a Nonlocal Coupling Model (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In [7,8,12] homogenization techniques are applied to derive an anisotropic variant of the bio-heat transfer equation as asymptotic result of boundary value problems providing a microscopic description for microvascular tissue. In view of a future application on treatment planning in hyperthermia, we investigate here the homogenization limit for a coupling model, which takes additionally into account the influence of convective heat transfer in medium size blood vessels. This leads to second order elliptic boundary value problems with nonlocal boundary conditions on parts of the boundary. Moreover, we present asymptotic estimates for first order correctors.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 64
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    Polynomial Inequalities Representing Polyhedra (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Our main result is that every $n$-dimensional polytope can be described by at most $2n-1$ polynomial inequalities and, moreover, these polynomials can explicitly be constructed. For an $n$-dimensional pointed polyhedral cone we prove the bound $2n-2$ and for arbitrary polyhedra we get a constructible representation by $2n$ polynomial inequalities.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 65
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    Das KOBV-Metadaten-Schema im KOBV-Portal (2004)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Das KOBV-Metadaten-Schema ist von der KOBV-Zentrale entwickelt worden, um Ressourcen im Sinn von Informationskollektionen wie Datenbanken oder Fachportale zu beschreiben. Es ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil des KOBV-Portals, das die in der Region verf"ugbaren Ressourcen nachweist. Das KOBV-Metadaten-Schema dient den Bibliotheken zur Handreichung, um dem KOBV-Portal die Ressourcen mit den standardisierten und individuellen Angaben zu melden, so dass die Ressourcebeschreibungen einem austauschbaren Format entsprechen. Auf diese Weise k"onnen Ressourcebeschreibungen von anderen Bibliotheken mitgenutzt werden und ein Metadata-Sharing in der Region Berlin-Brandenburg praktiziert werden, um in diesem Bereich doppelte Arbeiten zu sparen.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 66
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    Rethinking American history in a global age (2002)
    Berkeley : University of California Press
    Details
    Keywords: États-Unis, Histoire, Philosophie. ; États-Unis, Historiographie. ; United States, Historiography. ; United States, History, Philosophy. ; Globalization. ; Mondialisation.
    Notes: Transnationalism and the challenge to national histories / Prasenjit Duara -- Internationalizing international history / Akira Iriye -- Where in the world is America? The history of the United States in the global age / Charles Bright and Michael Geyer -- International at the creation : early modern American history / Karen Ordahl Kupperman -- How the West was one : the African diaspora and the re-mapping of U.S. history / Robin D.G. Kelley -- Time and revolution in African America : temporality and the history of Atlantic slavery / Walter Johnson -- Beyond the view from Euro-America : environment, settler societies, and the internationalization of American history / Ian Tyrrell -- From Euro- and Afro-Atlantic to Pacific migration system : a comparative migration approach to North American history / Dirk Hoerder -- Framing U.S. history : democracy, nationalism, and socialism / Robert Wiebe -- An age of social politics / Daniel T. Rodgers -- The age of global power / Marilyn B. Young -- American empire and cultural imperialism : a view from the receiving end / Rob Kroes -- Do American historical narratives travel? / François Weil -- The modernity of America and the practice of scholarship / Winfried Fluck -- The exhaustion of enclosures : a critique of internationalization / Ron Robin -- The historian's use of the United States and vice versa / David A. Hollinger
    Pages: ix, 427 p.
    ISBN: 1-417-50811-6
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=108419
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  • 67
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    Political space : frontiers of change and governance in a globalizing world (2002)
    Albany : State University of New York Press
    SUNY series in global politics  
    Details
    Keywords: Globalization. ; International relations. ; Political geography.
    Notes: Problem of change in international relations theory /K.J. Holsti --Reconfiguring international political space: the significance of world history /Richard Little --Informational reconfiguring of global geopolitics /Ken Dark --Remapping political space: issues and nonissues in analyzing global politics in the twenty-first century /Yale H. Ferguson and Richard W. Mansbach --Political power and geographical scale /John Agnew --Mapping global/local spaces /Robert Latham --Cartographies of loathing and desire: the Bharatiya Janata party, the bomb, and the political spaces of Hindu nationalism /Stuart Corbridge --New cross-border field for public and private actors /Saskia Sassen --Finance in politics: an epilogue to Mad money /Susan Strange --Offshore and the institutional environment of globalization /Ronen Palan --Governance and the challenges of changing political space /R.J. Barry Jones --Club identity and collective action: overlapping interests in an evolving world system /Mark A. Boyer --NGOs and fragmented authority in globalizing space /James N. Rosenau --Practicing democracy transnationally /Rey Koslowski and Antje Wiener.
    Pages: vi, 319 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48645-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=101901
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  • 68
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    The spoken word : oral culture in Britain, 1500-1850 (2002)
    Manchester ; New York : Manchester University Press
    Politics, culture, and society in early modern Britain  
    Details
    Keywords: Great Britain, Languages ; Great Britain, Languages, History ; Great Britain, Social life and customs ; Electronic books ; Literature and folklore, Great Britain ; Literature and history, Great Britain ; Oral tradition, Great Britain
    Notes: Language, literacy and aspects of identity in early modern Wales / Richard Suggett and Eryn White -- The pulpit and the pen: clergy, orality and print in the Scottish Gaelic world / Donald Meek -- Speaking of history: conversations about the past in restoration and eighteenth-century England / Daniel Woolf -- Vagabonds and minstrels in sixteenth-century Wales / Richard Suggett -- Reformed folklore? Cautionary tales and oral tradition in early modern England / Alexandra Walsham -- The genealogical histories of Gaelic Scotland / Martin MacGregor -- Constructing oral tradition: the origins of the concept in enlightenment intellectual culture / Nicholas Hudson -- 'Things said or sung a thousand times': customary society and oral culture in rural England, 1700-1900 / Bob Bushaway
    Pages: x, 286 p.
    ISBN: 1-423-70631-5
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=133631
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  • 69
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    The Cambridge history of early modern English literature : Early modern English literature ; History of early modern English literature (2002)
    Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press
    New Cambridge history of English literature  
    Details
    Keywords: English literature, Early modern, 1500-1700, History and criticism.
    Notes: Introduction /David Loewenstein, Janel Mueller --1. Modes and means of literary production, circulation and reception: --Literacy, society and education /Kenneth Charlton, Margaret Spufford --Manuscript transmission and circulation /Harold Love, Arthur F. Marotti --Print, literary culture and the book trade /David Scott Kastan --Literery patronage /Graham Parry --Languages of early modern literature in Britain /Paula Blank --Habits of reading and early modern literary culture /Steven N. Zwicker --2. The Tudor era from the reformation to Elizabeth I: --Literature and national identity /David Loades --Literature and the court /William A. Sessions --Literature and the church /Janel Mueller --3. The era of Elizabeth and James VI: --Literature and national identity /Claire McEachern --Literature and the court /Catherine Bates --Literature and the church /Patrick Collison --Literature and London /Lawrence Manley --Literature and the theatre /David Bevington --4. The earlier Stuart era: --Literature and national identity /Johann P. Sommerville --Literature and the court /Leah S. Marcus --Literature and the church /Debora Shuger --Literature and London /Thomas N. Corns --Literature and the theatre to 1660 /Martin Butler --Literature and the household /Barbara K. Lewalski --5. The civil war and commonwealth era: --Literature and national identity /Derek Hirst --Literature and religion /David Loewenstein, John Morrill --Literature and London /Nigel Smith --Literature and the household /Helen Wilcox --Alternative sites for literature /Joshua Scodel --From revolution to restoration in English literary culture /James Grantham Turner.
    Pages: xi, 1038 p.
    ISBN: 0-511-06612-0
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120313
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  • 70
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    Meaning and truth : investigations in philosophical semantics (2002)
    New York : Seven Bridges Press
    Topics in contemporary philosophy  
    Details
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Semantics (Philosophy), Congresses
    Notes: Seemingly semantic intuitions / Kent Bach -- The semantic basis of externalism / Michael McKinsey -- Acquaintanceless de re belief / Robin Jeshion -- Meanings / Stephen Schiffer -- Mythical objects / Nathan Salmon -- Truth and identity / Marian David -- What is the role of a truth theory in a meaning theory? / Kirk Ludwig -- A new argument against modesty / Jonathan Sutton -- Truth and meaning / Robert Cummins -- Insensitive quantifiers / Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore -- Deferred demonstratives / Emma Borg -- What unarticulated constituents could not be / Lenny Clapp -- Generalized conversational implicatures and default pragmatic inferences / Anne Bezuidenhout -- Distinguishing semantics and pragmatics / Kent Bach and Anne Bezuidenhout
    Pages: x, 318 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-44941-4
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=67003
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    Globalisation : Australian impacts (2002)
    Sydney : UNSW Press
    Details
    Keywords: Australia, Economic conditions, 1945- ; Australia, Social conditions. ; Globalization. ; Globalization, History. ; International business enterprises. ; International economic relations. ; International trade.
    Pages: xvi, 312 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-43897-8
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=75475
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  • 72
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    Literature and Utopian politics in seventeenth-century England (2002)
    Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Keywords: England, Intellectual life, 17th century. ; Great Britain, Politics and government, 1603-1714. ; English literature, Early modern, 1500-1700, History and criticism. ; Politics and literature, Great Britain, History, 17th century. ; Utopias in literature. ; Utopias, Great Britain.
    Pages: xi, 256 p.
    ISBN: 0-511-01901-7
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=77973
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  • 73
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    The dictionary of transport and logistics (2002)
    London : Kogan Page
    Details
    Keywords: Business logistics, Dictionaries ; Electronic books ; Freight and freightage, Dictionaries ; Transportation, Dictionaries
    Notes: "The terms, abbreviations, and acronyms included herein cover: Heavy vehicle technology -- Road haulage and own-account transport operations -- Passenger vehicle and public service operations -- Legal aspects of transport -- Logistics -- Supply-chain management -- Freighting by rail, sea and inland waterway -- Passenger transport by rail, sea and air -- Transport policy and planning -- Related business, accounting and information technology"--P. v
    Pages: xiv, 281 p.
    ISBN: 1-417-59388-1
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=131872
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  • 74
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    Roman invasions : the British history, Protestant anti-Romanism, and the historical imagination in England, 1530-1660 (2002)
    Newark : University of Delaware Press
    Details
    Keywords: Catholic Church, In literature. ; Great Britain, History, Invasions, Historiography. ; Great Britain, History, Roman period, 55 B.C.-449 A.D., Historiography. ; Rome, In literature. ; Catholics in literature. ; English literature, Protestant authors, History and criticism. ; English literature, Early modern, 1500-1700, History and criticism. ; Literature and history, Great Britain, History, 16th century. ; Literature and history, Great Britain, History, 17th century. ; Protestantism and literature, History, 16th century. ; Protestantism and literature, History, 17th century. ; Romans, Great Britain, Historiography.
    Pages: 325 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-44349-1
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=78230
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  • 75
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    Beyond dichotomies : histories, identitities, cultures, and the challenge of globalization (2002)
    Albany : State University of New York Press
    SUNY series, explorations in postcolonial studies  
    Details
    Keywords: Africa, Civilization, Philosophy. ; Afrique, Civilisation, Philosophie. ; Developing countries, Social conditions. ; Pays en voie de développement, Conditions sociales. ; Cultural policy. ; Globalization. ; Histoire, Philosophie. ; History, Philosophy. ; Mondialisation. ; Politique culturelle. ; Sciences sociales. ; Social sciences.
    Notes: The perspective of the world: globalization then and now /Michel-Rolf Trouillot --Modernity and periphery: toward a global and relational analysis /Mary Louise Pratt --Beyond dichotomies: communicative action and cultural hegemony /Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze --Mankind's proverbial imagination: critical perspectives on human universals as a global challenge /Meineke Schipper --Bringing history back in: of diasporas, hybridities, places, and histories /Arif Dirlik --The romance of Africa: three narratives by African-American women /Eileen Julien --Ethnicity as otherness in British identity politics /Robert J.C. Young --Reincarnating immigrant biography: on migration and transmigration /Akhil Gupta --Warped speech: the politics of global translation /Emily Apter --National identity and immigration: American polity, nativism, and the "alien" /Ali Behdad --Richard Wright as a specular border intellectual: the politics of identification in Black power /Abdul JanMohamed --Beyond Dichotomies: translation/transculturation and the colonial difference /Walter D. Mignolo,Freya Schiwy --The unforeseeable diversity of the world /Edouard Glissant.
    Pages: xxv, 317 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-47611-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=99698
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  • 76
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    Sharpening her pen : strategies of rhetorical violence by early modern English women writers (2002)
    Selinsgrove [Pa.] : Susquehanna University Press
    Details
    Keywords: English language, Early modern, 1500-1700, Rhetoric. ; English literature, Women authors, History and criticism. ; English literature, Early modern, 1500-1700, History and criticism. ; Feminism and literature, Great Britain, History, 16th century. ; Feminism and literature, Great Britain, History, 17th century. ; Sex role in literature. ; Violence in literature. ; Women and literature, Great Britain, History, 16th century. ; Women and literature, Great Britain, History, 17th century.
    Pages: 188 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-43851-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=75241
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  • 77
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    Dynamisches Verlinken mit SFX und MetaLib (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Zeitschriften und andere Medien werden in wachsendem Maße elektronisch publiziert. Hier entsteht für die Bibliotheken, welche diese Online-Publikationen ihren Lesern zur Verfügung stellen, ein neuer Bereich der Informationsvermittlung. Mit dem aufkommenden Standard der OpenURL ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten, dem Benutzer weiterführende Links und Dienste anzubieten. Das Document-Linking-System SFX der Firma Ex Libris ist die erste und bekannteste Anwendung, die ein Managementsystem fr die Auswertung der OpenURL implementiert. Im Rahmen eines Projektes hat die Zentrale des Kooperativen Bibliotheksverbundes Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) eine Evaluation von SFX durchgeführt. Als Ergebnis der Evaluation sollten Einsatzmöglichkeiten von SFX für die KOBV-Suchmaschine und in den lokalen Bibliothekssystemen und Informationsportalen aufgezeigt werden. Im Verlauf des Projektes hat sich das Produkt SFX als eine stabile Anwendung erwiesen, die dem Benutzer interessante zusätzliche Dienste bieten kann.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Sensitivity analysis of linearly-implicit differential-algebraic systems by one-step extrapolation (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this work we present an approach for the sensitivity analysis of linearly-implicit differential-algebraic equation systems. Solutions for both, states and sensitivities are obtained by applying an extrapolated linearly implicit Euler discretization scheme. This approach is compared to the widely used sensitivity extensions of multi-step BDF methods by means of case studies. Especially, we point out the benefit of this method in the context of dynamic optimization using the sequential approach.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Metastable Conformations via successive Perron-Cluster Cluster Analysis of dihedrals (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-30
    Description: Decomposition of the high dimensional conformational space of bio-molecules into metastable subsets is used for data reduction of long molecular trajectories in order to facilitate chemical analysis and to improve convergence of simulations within these subsets. The metastability is identified by the Perron-cluster cluster analysis of a Markov process that generates the thermodynamic distribution. A necessary prerequisite of this analysis is the discretization of the conformational space. A combinatorial approach via discretization of each degree of freedom will end in the so called ''curse of dimension''. In the following paper we analyze Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations of small, drug-like biomolecules and focus on the dihedral degrees of freedom as indicators of conformational changes. To avoid the ''curse of dimension'', the projection of the underlying Markov operator on each dihedral is analyzed according to its metastability. In each decomposition step of a recursive procedure, those significant dihedrals, which indicate high metastability, are used for further decomposition. The procedure is introduced as part of a hierarchical protocol of simulations at different temperatures. The convergence of simulations within metastable subsets is used as an ''a posteriori'' criterion for a successful identification of metastability. All results are presented with the visualization program AmiraMol.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    KARDOS - User"s Guide (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: The adaptive finite element code {\sc Kardos} solves nonlinear parabolic systems of partial differential equations. It is applied to a wide range of problems from physics, chemistry, and engineering in one, two, or three space dimensions. The implementation is based on the programming language C. Adaptive finite element techniques are employed to provide solvers of optimal complexity. This implies a posteriori error estimation, local mesh refinement, and preconditioning of linear systems. Linearely implicit time integrators of {\em Rosenbrock} type allow for controlling the time steps adaptively and for solving nonlinear problems without using {\em Newton's} iterations. The program has proved to be robust and reliable. The user's guide explains all details a user of {\sc Kardos} has to consider: the description of the partial differential equations with their boundary and initial conditions, the triangulation of the domain, and the setting of parameters controlling the numerical algorithm. A couple of examples makes familiar to problems which were treated with {\sc Kardos}. We are extending this guide continuously. The latest version is available by network: {\begin{rawhtml} 〈A href="http://www.zib.de/Numerik/software/kardos/"〉 〈i〉 Downloads.〈/i〉〈/a〉 \end{rawhtml}}
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    A Comparison of Related Concepts in Computational Chemistry and Mathematics (2002)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: This article studies the relation of the two scientific languages Chemistry and Mathematics via three selected comparisons: (a) QSSA versus dynamic ILDM in reaction kinetics, (b) lumping versus discrete Galerkin methods in polymer chemistry, and (c) geometrical conformations versus metastable conformations in drug design. The common clear message from these comparisons is that chemical intuition may pave the way for mathematical concepts just as chemical concepts may gain from mathematical precisioning. Along this line, significant improvements in chemical research and engineering have already been possible -- and can be further expected in the future from the dialogue between the two scientific languages.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    Safe reduction rules for weighted treewidth (2002)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: Several sets of reductions rules are known for preprocessing a graph when computing its treewidth. In this paper, we give reduction rules for a weighted variant of treewidth, motivated by the analysis of algorithms for probabilistic networks. We present two general reduction rules that are safe for weighted treewidth. They generalise many of the existing reduction rules for treewidth. Experimental results show that these reduction rules can significantly reduce the problem size for several instances of real-life probabilistic networks.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Load Balancing in Signaling Transfer Points (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Signaling is crucial to the operation of modern telecommunication networks. A breakdown in the signaling infrastructure typically causes customer service failures, incurs revenue losses, and hampers the company image. Therefore, the signaling network has to be highest reliability and survivability. This in particular holds for the routers in such a network, called \textit{signaling transfer points\/} (STPs). The robustness of an STP can be improved by equally distributing the load over the internal processing units. Several constraints have to be taken into account. The load of the links connected to a processing unit changes over time introducing an imbalance of the load. In this paper, we show how integer linear programming can be applied to reduce the imbalance within an STP, while keeping the number of changes small. Two alternative models are presented. Computational experiments validate the integer programming approach in practice. The GSM network operator E-Plus saves substantial amounts of time and money by employing the proposed approach.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Jahresbericht 2001 (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: annualzib , doc-type:report
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  • 85
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    Online Call Admission in Optical Networks with Larger Wavelength Demands (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: In the problem of \emph{Online Call Admission in Optical Networks}, briefly called \textsc{oca}, we are given a graph $G=(V,E)$ together with a set of wavelengths~$W$ and a finite sequence $\sigma=r_1,r_2,\dots$ of calls which arrive in an online fashion. Each call~$r_j$ specifies a pair of nodes to be connected and an integral demand indicating the number of required lightpaths. A lightpath is a path in~$G$ together with a wavelength~$\lambda \in W$. Upon arrival of a call, an online algorithm must decide immediately and irrevocably whether to accept or to reject the call without any knowledge of calls which appear later in the sequence. If the call is accepted, the algorithm must provide the requested number of lightpaths to connect the specified nodes. The essential restriction is the wavelength conflict constraint: each wavelength is available only once per edge, which implies that two lightpaths sharing an edge must have different wavelengths. Each accepted call contributes a benefit equal to its demand to the overall profit. The objective in \textsc{oca} is to maximize the overall profit. Competitive algorithms for \textsc{oca} have been known for the special case where every call requests just a single lightpath. In this paper we present the first competitive online algorithms for the general case of larger demands.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Online Optimization: Competitive Analysis and Beyond (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Traditional optimization techniques assume, in general, knowledge of all data of a problem instance. There are many cases in practice, however, where decisions have to be made before complete information about the data is available. In fact, it may be necessary to produce a part of the problem solution as soon as a new piece of information becomes known. This is called an \emph{online situation}, and an algorithm is termed \emph{online}, if it makes a decision (computes a partial solution) whenever a new piece of data requests an action. \emph{Competitive analysis} has become a standard yardstick to measure the quality of online algorithms. One compares the solution produced by an online algorithm to that of an optimal (clairvoyant) offline algorithm. An online algorithm is called $c$-competitive if on every input the solution it produces has cost'' at most $c$~times that of the optimal offline algorithm. This situation can be imagined as a game between an online player and a malicious adversary. Although competitive analysis is a worst-case analysis and henceforth pessimistic, it often allows important insights into the problem structure. One can obtain an idea about what kind of strategies are promising for real-world systems and why. On the other hand there are also cases where the offline adversary is simply too powerful and allows only trivial competitiveness results. This phenomenon is called hitting the triviality barrier''. We investigate several online problems by means of competitive analysis. We also introduce new concepts to overcome the weaknesses of the standard approach and to go beyond the triviality barrier.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 87
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    On the Two-Class M/M/1 System under Preemptive Resume and Impatience of the Prioritized Customers (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The paper deals with the two-class priority M/M/1 system, where the prioritized class-1 customers are served under FCFS preemptive resume discipline and may become impatient during their waiting for service with generally distributed maximal waiting times but finite expectation. The class-2 customers have no impatience. The required mean service times may depend on the class of the customer. As the dynamics of class-1 customers are related to the well analyzed M/M/1+GI system, our aim is to derive characteristics for class-2 customers and for the whole system. The solution of the balance equations for the partial probability generating functions of the detailed system state process is given in terms of the weak solution of a family of boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. By means of this solution formulae for the joint occupancy distribution and for the sojourn and waiting times of class-2 customers are derived generalizing results recently obtained by Choi et al. in case of deterministic maximal waiting times. For deterministic maximal waiting times partially new explicit formulae are given.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Multiscale Analysis of Thermoregulation in the Human Microvascular System (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The bio-heat transfer equation is a macroscopic model for describing the heat transfer in microvascular tissue. So far the deduction of the Helmholtz term in the bio-heat transfer equation is not co role. In view of a future numerical application of this new mathematical model to treatment planning in hyperthermia we derive asymptotic estimates for first and second order correctors.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    Branching on History Information (2002)
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Mixed integer programs ($MIPs$) are commonly solved with branch and bound algorithms based on linear programming. The success and the speed of the algorithm strongly depends on the strategy used to select the branching variables. Today's state-of-the-art strategy is called \emph{pseudocost branching} and uses information of previous branchings to determine the current branching. We propose a modification of \emph{pseudocost branching} which we call \emph{history branching}. This strategy has been implemented in $SIP$, a state-of-the-art $MIP$ solver. We give computational results that show the superiority of the new strategy.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    Transparent optical network design with sparse wavelength conversion (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: We consider the design of transparent optical networks from a practical perspective. Network operators aim at satisfying the communication demands at minimum cost. Such an optimization involves three interdependent planning issues: the dimensioning of the physical topology, the routing of lightpaths, and the wavelength assignment. Further topics include the reliability of the configuration and sparse wavelength conversion for efficient use of the capacities. In this paper, we investigate this extensive optical network design task. Using a flexible device-based model, we present an integer programming formulation that supports greenfield planning as well as expansion planning on top of an existing network. As solution method, we propose a suitable decomposition approach that separates the wavelength assignment from the dimensioning and routing. Our method in particular provides a lower bound on the total cost which allows to rate the solution quality. Computational experiments on realistic networks approve the solution approach to be appropriate.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    Dynamic Routing Algorithms in Transparent Optical Networks An Experimental Study Based on Real Data (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Today's telecommunication networks are configured statically. Whenever a connection is established, the customer has permanent access to it. However, it is observed that usually the connection is not used continuously. At this point, dynamic provisioning could increase the utilization of network resources. WDM based Optical Transport Networks (OTNs) will shortly allow for fast dynamic network reconfiguration. This enables optical broadband leased line services on demand. Since service requests competing for network resources may lead to service blocking, it is vital to use appropriate strategies for routing and wavelength assignment in transparent optical networks. We simulate the service blocking probabilities of various dynamic algorithms for this problem using a well-founded traffic model for two realistic networks. One of the algorithms using shortest path routings performs best on all instances. Surprisingly, the tie-breaking rule between equally short paths in different wavelengths decides between success or failure.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    Spezifikation für eine Verbund-Fernleih-Software im KOBV (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Nachdem mit der KOBV-Suchmaschine die Online-Recherche in den wichtigsten Berliner und Brandenburgischen Bibliotheken realisiert ist, gehört der Aufbau der Online-Fernleihe als einer neuen, nutzerfreundlichen Dienstleistung zu den drängendsten Desideraten des KOBV. Dem Nutzer soll ein komfortabler Service geboten werden, der ihm im Anschluss an eine erfolgreiche Recherche die nahtlose - per Knopfdruck ausgelöste - Fernleih-Bestellung auf das gewünschte Medium erlaubt. Gleichzeitig trägt die Ablösung des traditionellen, per Post und Bücherauto versandten Roten Fernleihscheines durch eine sekundenschnelle Online-Kommunikation zu einer erheblichen Beschleunigung des Fernleih-Verfahrens bei. Der KOBV beteiligt sich an der Initiative der deutschen Bibliotheksverbünde zur Automatisierung und Beschleunigung der Fernleihe. Die Realisierung soll im KOBV in einem zweistufigen Verfahren erfolgen: (1) verbundinterne Fernleihe im KOBV und (2) verbundübergreifende Fernleihe in der Zusammenarbeit mit den anderen Verbünden. Eine Verbund-Fernleih-Software für den KOBV muss insbesondere den KOBV-spezifischen Gegebenheiten genügen, die in dieser Form in den anderen deutschen Verbünden nicht anzutreffen sind. Im Jahre 2001 hat eine KOBV-Arbeitsgruppe Spezifikationen für eine Verbund-Fernleih-Software erarbeitet, in der die Besonderheiten des KOBV mit berücksichtigt sind. Beim Aufbau der automatisierten Fernleihe als einer regulären KOBV-Dienstleistung geht es nicht allein darum, einen schnellen, komfortablen Service für Nutzer einzurichten, sondern darüber hinaus um eine weitreichende Rationalisierung innerhalb der Bibliotheken. Das vorliegende Spezifikationspapier zielt auf beide Faktoren ab, indem es die Fernleihe als integrierten Dienst entwirft, der von der Bestellung bis zur Bereitstellung des Mediums in der gebenden Bibliothek automatisiert - ohne manuelles Eingreifen der Fernleihstelle - abläuft: die jetzige manuell durchgeführte Fernleihe wird durch die automatisierte Fernleihe abgelöst.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Non-Abusiveness Helps: An O(1)-Competitive Algorithm for Minimizing the Maximum Flow Time in the Online Traveling Salesman Problem (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: In the online traveling salesman problem $OLTSP$ requests for visits to cities arrive online while the salesman is traveling. We study the $F{\_max}-OLTSP$ where the objective is to minimize the maximum flow time. This objective is particularly interesting for applications. Unfortunately, there can be no competitive algorithm, neither deterministic nor randomized. Hence, competitive analysis fails to distinguish online algorithms. Not even resource augmentation which is helpful in scheduling works as a remedy. This unsatisfactory situation motivates the search for alternative analysis methods. We introduce a natural restriction on the adversary for the $F{\_max}-OLTSP$ on the real line. A \emph{non-abusive adversary} may only move in a direction if there are yet unserved requests on this side. Our main result is an algorithm which achieves a constant competitive ratio against the non-abusive adversary.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Hierarchical Structures in Attribute-based Namespaces and their Application to Browsing (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: While attribute-value pairs are a popular method to name objects, information retrieval from those attribute-based namespaces is not an easy task. The user has to recall correct attribute names and values and master the syntax and semantics of query formulation. This paper describes hierarchical structures in attribute-based namespaces, shows how to extract them efficiently and evaluates the quality of these structures in an user experiment. It proposes an user interface for browsing attribute-named object sets which makes this task resemble todays file-system browsers and compares the usability of this interface to normal form-based methods in an user study.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Dust in brown dwarfs II. The coupled problem of dust formation and sedimentation (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper, we quantify and discuss the physical and surface chemical processes leading to the formation, temporal evolution and sedimentation of dust grains in brown dwarf and giant gas planet atmospheres: nucleation, growth, evaporation and gravitational settling. Considering dust particles of arbitrary sizes in the different hydrodynamical regimes (free molecular flow, laminar flow, turbulent flow), we evaluate the equilibrium drift velocities (final fall speeds) and the growth rates of the particles due to accretion of molecules. We show that a depth-dependent maximum size of the order of $a_{\rm max}\!\approx\!1\,\mu{\rm m\,(upper\ regions)} \ldots 100\,\mu{\rm m\,(lower\ regions)}$ exists, which depends on the condensate and the stellar parameters, beyond which gravitational settling is faster than growth. Larger particles can probably not be formed and sustained in brown dwarf atmospheres. We furthermore argue that the acceleration towards equilibrium drift is always very fast and that the temperature increase of the grains due to the release of latent heat during the growth process is negligible. Based on these findings, we formulate the problem of dust formation coupled to the local element depletion/enrichment of the gas in brown dwarf atmospheres by means of a system of partial differential equations. These equations state an extension of the moment method developed by Gail\plus Sedlmayr\,(1988) with an additional advective term to account for the effect of size-dependent drift velocities of the grains. A dimensionless analysis of the new equations reveals a hierarchy of nucleation $\to$ growth $\to$ drift $\to$ evaporation, which characterises the life cycle of dust grains in brown dwarf atmospheres. The developed moment equations can be included into hydrodynamics or classical stellar atmosphere models. Applications of this description will be presented in a forthcoming paper of this series.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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    On the Cost of Reliability in Large Data Grids (2002)
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Description: Global grid environments do not only provide massive aggregated computing power but also an unprecedented amount of distributed storage space. Unfortunately, dynamic changes caused by component failures, local decisions, and irregular data updates make it difficult to efficiently use this capacity. In this paper, we address the problem of improving data availability in the presence of unreliable components. We present an analytical model for determining an optimal combination of distributed replica catalogs, catalog sizes, and replica servers. Empirical simulation results confirm the accuracy of our theoretical analysis. Our model captures the characteristics of highly dynamic environments like peer-to-peer networks, but it can also be applied to more centralized, less dynamic grid environments like the European {\em DataGrid}.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Synchronisation von verteilten Verzeichnisstrukturen (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: Das Management von großen Datenmengen spielt eine immer wichtigere Rolle, wie aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Hochenergiephysik [2] zeigen. Für das DataGrid-Projekt zum Beispiel ist es notwendig, große Datenmengen auf mehrere Rechenzentren in Europa zu verteilen und die Daten untereinander zu synchronisieren. Auch innerhalb von Clustern gewinnen mit zunehmender Anzahl der Knoten Werkzeuge zur effizienten Synchronisation und Verteilung von Daten an Bedeutung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein effizientes Verfahren zur Synchronisation von verteilten Verzeichnisstrukturen entwickelt und implementiert. Mit diesem Verfahren ist es möglich, unabhängige Änderungen an beliebigen Repositories gleichzeitig durchzuführen. Das Verfahren benötigt keine zentrale Instanz, wodurch eine gegenüber vielen existierenden Verfahren verbesserte Skalierbarkeit erreicht werden konnte. Dabei wurden Erkenntnisse aus der Graphentheorie eingesetzt und weiterentwickelt, um die Netzwerktopolo-gie und -handbreiten zwischen den Rechnern zu berücksichtigen. Durch die Verwendung einer Offline-Synchronisation werden Änderungen erst dann an andere Rechner propagiert, wenn der Nutzer dies anstößt. Das kann zum Beispiel nach einer abgeschlossenen Transaktion, die Änderungen an mehreren Dateien beinhaltet, angemessen sein.
    Description: Current developments in high energy physics [2] show that the management of large datasets plays an important role. For the DataGrid project it is necessary to distribute large datasets over several computing centers all over Europe and to synchronize these datasets. Within clusters tools for efficient synchronization and distribution of data become more important, too. In this thesis, a method to synchronize distributed directory structures was developed and implemented which makes it possible to perform independent changes to arbitrary repositories simultaneously. This method needs no central instance and therefore the presented system achieves a better scalability than many existing systems. Knowledge from graph theory was used and improved to take the network topology and the network bandwidth between the computers into account. By using offline synchronization, changes will only be propagated when the user initiates it. This can be reasonable after a completed transaction which consists of changes on several files.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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    Budgeted Maximal Graph Coverage (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: An instance of the \emph{maximum coverage} problem is given by a set of weighted ground elements and a cost weighted family of subsets of the ground element set. The goal is to select a subfamily of total cost of at most that of a given budget maximizing the weight of the covered elements. We formulate the problem on graphs: In this situation the set of ground elements is specified by the nodes of a graph, while the family of covering sets is restricted to connected subgraphs. We show that on general graphs the problem is polynomial time solvable if restricted to sets of size at most~$2$, but becomes NP-hard if sets of size~$3$ are permitted. On trees, we prove polynomial time solvability if each node appears in a fixed number of sets. In contrast, if vertices are allowed to appear an unbounded number of times, the problem is NP-hard even on stars. We finally give polynomial time algorithms for special cases where the subgraphs form paths and the host graph is a line, a cycle or a star.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 99
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    P=NP? (2002)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Hinter der für den Uneingeweihten etwas kryptischen Frage "P = NP?" verbirgt sich das derzeit wichtigste Problem der Komplexitätstheorie. Dieser Artikel erläutert einige Aspekte der Theorie und erklärt informell, was "P = NP?" bedeutet. Es geht nicht nur um komplizierte algorithmische Mathematik und Informatik, sondern um grundsätzliche Fragen unserer Lebensumwelt. Kann man vielleicht beweisen, dass es für viele Probleme unseres Alltags keine effizienten Lösungsmethoden gibt?
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Towards an Internet Based Information Portal for Berlin and Brandenburg (2002)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: The Cooperative Library Network Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) has set the development of a genuine library information portal for the two German Lander (federal states) Berlin and Brandenburg as its main task for the next years. This joined effort is driven by the vision of an user friendly Internet information portal which is accessible anytime, from anywhere in the world. The idea of a regional information portal can be understood as the logically consistent development of the basic ideas of the KOBV. Starting in 1997, the consortia has set the implementation of a virtual OPAC instead of a physical union catalogue as its goal. The result was the KOBV-Search Engine which already has some qualities of a portal itself. The paper begins with initial remarks about the German library world, which do form the background for the project and its initiator - the KOBV consortia. After this preliminary part, different types of portals are introduced. The basic features of the KOBV-Search Engine as one of the cornerstones of the future portal are discussed in the following. The information portal will be much richer in content and services for the end-user. Two aspects are focused on in more detail: the presentation of resources, which becomes a compelling requirement because of the broader range of content and the personalization of services, as one important feature to suit user's individual needs.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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