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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-11
    Beschreibung: Im Mai 2009 wurde Wolfram|Alpha gestartet, ein Service, der seinen Namen von seinem Entwickler, dem britischen Mathematiker Stephen Wolfram, ableitet. Dem Benutzer soll nicht nur eine Liste von Webseiten als Ergebnis auf Anfragen geliefert werden, sondern Antworten auf konkrete Fragen geben. In diesem Report soll gezeigt werden, warum sichWolframjAlpha von Suchmaschinen abgrenzt und was die Berechnung von Antworten auf natürlichsprachliche Fragen möglich machen kann.
    Beschreibung: Wolfram|Alpha was started in May 2009 and it's a service whose name derives from the british mathematician Stephen wolfram. As a result for a request the user is not just supported with a list of websites but with answers for concrete questions. In this report it will be shown why Wolfram|Alpha seperates from search engines and moreover what makes the computation of answers for natural language queries possible.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-30
    Beschreibung: Executing applications in the Grid often requires access to multiple geographically distributed resources. In a Grid environment, these resources belong to different administrative domains, each employing its own scheduling policy. That is, at which time an activity (e.g., compute job, data transfer) is started, is decided by the resource's local management system. In such an environment, the coordinated execution of distributed applications requires guarantees on the quality of service (QoS) of the needed resources. Reserving resources in advance is an accepted means to obtain QoS guarantees from a single provider. The challenge, however, is to coordinate advance reservations of multiple resources. This work presents a system architecture and mechanisms to coordinate multiple advance reservations -- called co-reservations -- for delivering QoS guarantees to complex applications. We formally define the co-reservation problem as an optimization problem. The presented model supports three dimensions of freedom: the start time, the duration and the service level of a reservation. Requests and resources are described in a simple language. After matching the static properties and requirements of either side in a mapping, the reservation mechanism probes information about the future status of the resources. The versatile design of the probing step allows the efficient processing of requests, but also lets the resources express their preferences among the myriads of reservation candidates. Next, the best mapping is found through an implementation of the formal co-reservation model. Then, the mapping has to be secured, i.e., resources need to be allocated to a co-reservation candidate with all-or-nothing semantics. We study several goal-driven sequential and concurrent allocation mechanisms and define schemes for handling allocation failures. Finally, we introduce the concept of virtual resources for seamlessly embedding co-reservations into Grid resource management.
    Beschreibung: Die Ausführung von Anwendungen erfordert oft mehrere, geographisch verteilte Ressourcen. In Grid-Umgebungen gehören diese Ressourcen zu verschiedenen administrativen Organisationen, wobei jede ihre eigene Schedulingregeln verwendet. Das bedeutet, zu welcher Zeit eine Aktivität gestartet wird (z.B. ein Rechenjob), wird vom lokalen Ressourcenmanagementsystem entschieden. Die koordinierte Ausführung von verteilten Anwendungen erfordert Dienstgütegarantien für die benötigten Ressourcen. Das Reservieren von Ressourcen im Voraus ist ein Mittel, um Dienstgütegarantien von einem einzelnen Ressourcenanbieter zu erhalten. Die Herausforderung in dieser Arbeit ist, Vorausreservierungen von mehreren Ressourcen zu koordinieren. Es wird ein System für die Koordinierung mehrerer Vorausreservierungen -- Co-Reservierungen genannt -- für die Bereitstellung von Dienstgütegarantien vorgestellt. Wir definieren das Co-Reservierungsproblem als Optimierungsproblem. Das vorgestellte Modell unterstützt drei Freiheitsgrade: die Startzeit, die Dauer und die Dienstgüte einer Reservierung. Anfragen und Ressourcen werden in einer einfachen Sprache beschrieben. Nachdem statische Eigenschaften und Anforderungen beider Seiten überprüft wurden, ermittelt der Reservierungsmechanismus Informationen über den zukünftigen Zustand der Ressourcen. Dieser Schritt ist so allgemein gehalten, daß er sowohl ein effizientes Bearbeiten der Anfragen erlaubt als auch den Ressourcen ermöglicht ihre Präferenzen auszudrücken. Im Anschluss wird die optimale Zuweisung von Anfragen zu Ressourcen ermittelt. Im letzten Schritt muss diese Zuweisung umgesetzt werden, d.h., entweder alle oder keine Ressource wird allokiert. Es werden mehrere sequentielle und parallele Allokationsverfahren vorgestellt sowie deren Auswirkung auf verschiedene Metriken untersucht. Die Einbettung von Co-Reservierungen in das Grid-Ressourcenmanagement wird anhand des Konzeptes der virtuellen Ressource dargestellt.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-15
    Beschreibung: The Steiner connectivity problem is a generalization of the Steiner tree problem. It consists in finding a minimum cost set of simple paths to connect a subset of nodes in an undirected graph. We show that polyhedral and algorithmic results on the Steiner tree problem carry over to the Steiner connectivity problem, namely, the Steiner cut and the Steiner partition inequalities, as well as the associated polynomial time separation algorithms, can be generalized. Similar to the Steiner tree case, a directed formulation, which is stronger than the natural undirected one, plays a central role.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-11
    Beschreibung: We give the basic definitions and some theoretical results about hyperdeterminants, introduced by A.~Cayley in 1845. We prove integrability (understood as $4d$-consistency) of a nonlinear difference equation defined by the $2 \times 2 \times 2$ - hyperdeterminant. This result gives rise to the following hypothesis: the difference equations defined by hyperdeterminants of any size are integrable. We show that this hypothesis already fails in the case of the $2\times 2\times 2\times 2$ - hyperdeterminant.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-09
    Beschreibung: Starting from the conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy together with a three species, bulk microphysic model, a model for the interaction of internal gravity waves and deep convective hot towers is derived by using multiscale asymptotic techniques. From the resulting leading order equations, a closed model is obtained by applying weighted averages to the smallscale hot towers without requiring further closure approximations. The resulting model is an extension of the linear, anelastic equations, into which moisture enters as the area fraction of saturated regions on the microscale with two way coupling between the large and small scale. Moisture reduces the effective stability in the model and defines a potential temperature sourceterm related to the net effect of latent heat release or consumption by microscale up- and downdrafts. The dispersion relation and group velocity of the system is analyzed and moisture is found to have several effects: It reduces energy transport by waves, increases the vertical wavenumber but decreases the slope at which wave packets travel and it introduces a lower horizontal cutoff wavenumber, below which modes turn into evanescent. Further, moisture can cause critical layers. Numerical examples for steadystate and timedependent mountain waves are shown and the effects of moisture on these waves are investigated.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-30
    Beschreibung: Aktuelle Entwicklungen zeigen, dass Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Anwendungen wie Skype oder Bittorrent im Internet immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen. In den letzten Jahren hat es einen explosionsartigen Anstieg an Nutzern und Daten in solchen Netzen gegeben. Dabei stellt der eigentliche Dateitransfer zwischen zwei Rechnern kein großes Problem mehr dar und auch der Speicherbedarf für die große Menge an Daten kann durch die Weiterentwicklung der Hardware gut gedeckt werden. Das eigentliche Problem liegt vielmehr darin, den Rechner zu finden, der die gewünschten Daten hat. Client-Server Architekturen, wie zum Beispiel Napster, haben sich als ungünstig herausgestellt. Wenige Server, die eine große Anzahl an Clients bedienen müssen, sind einerseits sehr anfällig gegenüber Angriffen und Ausfällen (Single Point of Failure)und kommen auch nicht mit der ständig wachsenden Anzahl an Nutzern zurecht. Verteilte Hashtabellen (DHT) bieten hier einen guten Lösungsansatz, der mit einer großen Anzahl an Nutzern skaliert und ausfallsicher ist. Andere dezentrale Lösungen, wie zum Beispiel das P2P Netzwerk Gnutella haben zwar das Problem des Single Point of Failure gelöst, jedoch haben sie starke Nachteile bei der Suche nach Keys. Bei einer Suche wird ein Broadcast verwendet (jeder schickt die Anfrage an jeden weiter) und damit ein enormer Netzwerkverkehr erzeugt. In "Why Gnutella Can't Scale. No, Really" wird erklärt, dass eine Suchanfrage bei Standardeinstellungen in der Clientsoftware einen Netzwerkverkehr von 17MB erzeugt. Deswegen wird zusätzlich eine Lösung benötigt, die Keys und Values geordnet verteilt, damit sie gezielt gesucht werden können. Aus diesem Grund beschäftigt sich die folgende Arbeit mit einer völlig dezentralen Architektur, die außerdem eine sinnvolle Platzierung der Keys vornimmt. Die dezentrale Architektur hat den Vorteil, dass die Endgeräte den Hauptteil des Dienstes selbst erbringen und damit jeder zusätzliche Teilnehmer seine eigenen Ressourcen beisteuert. Diese Arbeit präsentiert Chord#, eine dezentrale, skalierbare und selbstorganisierende verteilte Hashtabelle. Chord# wurde ausgewählt, da in dieser Arbeit auch Wert auf Bereichsabfragen gelegt wurde. Diese sind zum Beispiel bei dem Chord Algorithmus nicht möglich, da dieser eine Hashfunktion für die Keys verwendet und somit die Daten zwar gleichmäßig aber unsortiert auf die Teilnehmer verteilt. Es wird in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, dass mit Hilfe von Chord# auch ohne die Hashfunktion gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Außerdem können durch den Verzicht auf die Hashfunktion Bereichsabfragen ermöglicht werden. Dafür wird der Chord# Algorithmus in Java implementiert (ca. 1500 Zeilen Code) und in dem Forschungsnetz PlanetLab ausführlich auf Laufzeiten, Instandhaltungskosten und Skalierung getestet.
    Beschreibung: Recent developments show that peer-to-peer (p2p) applications, such as Skype or Bittorrent have become increasingly important in the internet. Over the last years there has been a rapid growth of both users and data in such networks. However, the actual file transfer between two peers is not really an issue anymore. The same holds true for data storage, since the new hardware grants users enough space to store their data. The real problem is finding the peers that possess the desired data. Client-server architectures like Napster have proven to be ineffective addressing that problem. One or few servers being responsible for many peers are vulnerable to attacks or failures (single point of failure). Additionally, they are unable to cope with the rapidly growing number of peers. Distributed hashtables (DHT) are a good approach to solve these problems, since they scale nicely with large numbers of peers and provide a high tolerance for errors. Other decentralized solutions like the p2p network Gnutella solved the problem of Single Point of Failure but show considerable disadvantages when searching for keys. The peers in Gnutella use a broadcast (sending the message to all peers they know)resulting in massive traffic. According to "Why Gnutella Can't Scale. No, Really.", each search using standard client settings yields 17MB traffc. This calls for a different solution, distributing keys and values to peers quickly and efficiently so they can be found fast. For that reason this thesis focuses on a fully distributed architecture using organized key placement. One major advantage of distributed architecture is the fact, that the peers do most of the work themselves. This way, new peers joining the network add resources to it. This thesis presents Chord#, a scalable, self-organizing and completely decentralized DHT. It has been chosen due to its capability to allow range queries. The regular Chord algorithm does not support range queries, because of the hashfunction it uses to evenly distribute the keys among the peers. This results in similar or logical coherent keys most likely not being close together in the network. This thesis shows Chord# achieving same results as Chord - regarding performance costs - without the hashfunction. In dropping the hashfunction this algorithm allows the use of range queries. The Chord# algorithm is implemented in Java (about 1500 lines of code) and thoroughly tested in the research network PlanetLab. The results are evaluated regarding performance, maintenance and scalability.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-11-02
    Beschreibung: One of the biggest impacts on the performance of a Distributed Hash Table (DHT), once established, is its ability to balance load among its nodes. DHTs supporting range queries for example suffer from a potentially huge skew in the distribution of their items since techniques such as consistent hashing can not be applied. Thus explicit load balancing schemes need to be deployed. Several such schemes have been developed and are part of recent research, most of them using only information locally available in order to scale to arbitrary systems. Gossiping techniques however allow the retrieval of fairly good estimates of global information with low overhead. Such information can then be added to existing load balancing algorithms that can use the additional knowledge to improve their performance. Within this thesis several schemes are developed that use global information like the average load and the standard deviation of the load among the nodes to primarily reduce the number of items an algorithm moves to achieve a certain balance. Two novel load balancing algorithms have then been equipped with implementations of those schemes and have been simulated on several scenarios. Most of these variants show better balance results and move far less items than the algorithms they are based on. The best of the developed algorithms achieves a 15-30% better balance and moves only about 50-70% of the number of items its underlying algorithm moves. This variation is also very robust to erroneous estimates and scales linearly with the system size and system load. Further experiments with self-tuning algorithms that set an algorithm’s parameter according to the system’s state show that even more improvements can be gained if additionally applied. Such a variant based on the algorithm described by Karger and Ruhl shows the same balance improvements of 15-30% as the variant above but reduces the number of item movements further to 40-65%.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-08-05
    Beschreibung: In this paper we investigate the performance of several out-of-the box solvers for mixed-integer quadratically constrained programmes (MIQCPs) on an open pit mine production scheduling problem with mixing constraints. We compare the solvers BARON, Couenne, SBB, and SCIP to a problem-specific algorithm on two different MIQCP formulations. The computational results presented show that general-purpose solvers with no particular knowledge of problem structure are able to nearly match the performance of a hand-crafted algorithm.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-11
    Beschreibung: Eines der Hauptanliegen bei der Initiierung des Kooperativen Bibliotheksverbundes Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) war die Schaffung einer modernen, leistungsfähigen Informationsinfrastruktur unter Einbeziehung möglichst aller Bibliotheken der in ihrer Dichte und Vielfalt in Deutschland einmaligen Bibliothekslandschaft. Sie wurde beim Aufbau des KOBV durch die Wahl des Verbundmodelles mit seinen offenen, integrativen Strukturen befördert. Die Ziele und Strategien des KOBV leiten sich aus dem Grundauftrag der Bibliotheken her, ihre NutzerInnen optimal mit Medien und Informationen zu versorgen. Mit dem KOBV haben die Bibliotheken eine gemeinsame Plattform und ein regionales Netzwerk geschaffen, mit deren Hilfe sie die Informationsinfrastruktur in Berlin und Brandenburg zusammen aufgebaut und grundlegend verbessert haben. Nach rund elf Jahren ist der KOBV in eine neue Phase eingetreten, indem er – unter Wahrung seiner institutionellen Eigenständigkeit – eine Strategische Allianz mit dem Bibliotheksverbund Bayern (BVB) eingegangen ist und die bislang auf die Region bezogene Kooperation der Bibliotheken überregional ausgeweitet hat. Wenn auch die Universalbibliotheken des KOBV in dieser Zusammenarbeit einen Kurswechsel zur zentralen Katalogisierung vollziehen, bedeutet dies für den KOBV insgesamt keinen Paradigmenwechsel: Er bleibt ein dezentraler Verbund und wird sein flexibles technisches Mischkonzept von verteilter und zentraler Datenhaltung fortführen. Dieses lässt den Bibliotheken die Freiheit zu entscheiden, ob sie zentral oder dezentral katalogisieren möchten. Die KOBV-Zentrale, die im KOBV keine Aufgaben in der Katalogisierung wahrnimmt, wird wie bislang allen Mitgliedsbibliotheken die ASP-Dienste und weiteren Angebote gleichermaßen zur Verfügung stellen und die Dienstleistungen für NutzerInnen und Bibliotheken weiter ausbauen. Mit dem vorhandenen Know How, der eingesetzten modernen Technologie und der strategischen Entscheidung, Ressourcen und Kompetenzen mit dem BVB zu bündeln und durch verbundübergreifende arbeitsteilige Verfahren Synergien zu gewinnen, ist der KOBV gut aufgestellt, um die Herausforderungen der kommenden Jahre anzugehen und das Leistungsspektrum der KOBV-Bibliotheken durch die Entwicklung neuer Dienste auszuweiten.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-15
    Beschreibung: Entwurf und Entwicklung eines eingebetteten Hauptspeicher-Datenbanksystems mit Snapshot-Reads.
    Beschreibung: Design and implementation of an embedded main memory database with snapshot reads.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-30
    Beschreibung: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Schaffung einer Zugriffs-Komponente für das Grid-Datenmanagement-System ZIB-DMS, das dessen transparente Einbindung in den Verzeichnisbaum eines Linux-Systems erlaubt. Dazu wird unter Verwendung des FUSE-Rahmenwerkes ein Userspace-Dateisystem mit Anbindung an das ZIB-DMS konzipiert und implementiert. Im Fokus stehen dabei die Abbildung der erweiterten Verwaltungsmechanismen des Systems auf die limitierte Schnittstelle hierarchischer Dateisysteme und die dazu notwendigen Änderungen am ZIB-DMS.
    Beschreibung: The goal of this work is to create an access component for the Grid data management system ZIB-DMS, that allows a transparent integration into the directory tree of a Linux system. For this purpose the FUSE framework is used to design and implement a userspace file system with connections to the ZIB-DMS. The focus is on the mapping of the extended management mechanisms of the system to the limited interface of hierarchical file systems and the therefore necessary changes to ZIB-DMS.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-22
    Beschreibung: We present a framework for transactional data access on data stored in a DHT. It allows to atomically read and write items and to run distributed transactions consisting of a sequence of read and write operations on the items. Items are symmetrically replicated in order to achieve durability of data stored in the SON. To provide availability of items despite the unavailability of some replicas, operations on items are quorum-based. They make progress as long as a majority of replicas can be accessed. Our framework processes transactions optimistically with an atomic commit protocol that is based on Paxos atomic commit. We present algorithms for the whole framework with an event based notation. Additionally we discuss the problem of lookup inconsistencies and its implications on the one-copy serializability property of the transaction processing in our framework.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-11
    Beschreibung: When planning teams for projects with specific goals, employees of a company have to group together so well, that all necessary knowledge for conquering the project’s challenges are met within the member’s skills. A tool that facilitates semantic web technologies can support the team recruiter, who is responsible for chosing the members of the team, in terms of finding the most efficient combinations of the company’s employees based on their expertises.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-22
    Beschreibung: Key/value stores which are built on structured overlay networks often lack support for atomic transactions and strong data consistency among replicas. This is unfortunate, because consistency guarantees and transactions would allow a wide range of additional application domains to benefit from the inherent scalability and fault-tolerance of DHTs. The Scalaris key/value store supports strong data consistency and atomic transactions. It uses an enhanced Paxos Commit protocol with only four communication steps rather than six. This improvement was possible by exploiting information from the replica distribution in the DHT. Scalaris enables implementation of more reliable and scalable infrastructure for collaborative Web services that require strong consistency and atomic changes across multiple items.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-07-19
    Beschreibung: Basierend auf einem vorhandenen Ansatz zur Einführung von anisotropen Tetraedern im Randbereich eines reinen Tetraedergitters wird ein Gittergenerator für hybride Gitter implementiert. Das hybride Gitter besteht in Randnähe primär aus anisotropen Prismen und im Inneren der Geometrie aus isotropen Tetraedern. Eine erhöhte Auflösung im Randbereich soll zu besseren Ergebnissen von numerischen Strömungssimulationen führen, für welche eine problemangepasste Diskretisierung des zu untersuchenden Gebietes benötigt wird. In dem zuvor genannten Ansatz wird eine Reihe von Übergangselementen vorgeschlagen, die an scharfen Kanten der Oberfläche platziert werden sollen. Im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit wird die Idee der Übergangselemente aufgegriffen und bei hybriden Gittern eingesetzt, um auch komplexe Eingabegeometrien vergittern zu können. Der ursprüngliche Gittergenerierungprozess wird überarbeitet und erweitert. Eine neue Menge an Übergangselementen wird eingeführt, es werden gekrümmte Extrusionsvektoren verwendet und es wird die Auswertung der medialen Oberfläche vorgenommen, um Überschneidungen im hybriden Gitter zu vermeiden. Der Gittergenerator wird als Modul in das Visualisierungs- und Analyseprogramm Amira implementiert und die erstellten hybriden Gitter werden auf ihre Elementqualität und die Güte der Strömungssimulationsergebnisse hin überprüft.
    Beschreibung: Based on an existing approach for the introduction of anisotropic tetrahedra near the surface boundary of a tetrahedral grid a grid generator for hybrid grids is implemented. The hybrid grid consists near the surface boundary primarily of anisotropic prisms and inside the geometry of isotropic tetrahedra. An increased resolution near the boundary should lead to better results of numerical flow simulations, which needs a problem specific discretization of the analyzed domain. In the aforementioned approach a set of transition elements is suggested, which should be placed at sharp surface corners. As a part of this diploma thesis the concept of using transition elements is applied for creating hybrid grids even for very complex input geometries. The initial grid generation process is revised and enhanced. A new set of transition elements is introduced, curved extrusion vectors are used and the medial surface is evaluated to avoid intersections in the hybrid grid. The grid generator is implemented as a module for the visualization and analysis tool Amira and the element quality of the generated hybrid grids and the quality of flow simulations performed on the grids are tested.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-08-05
    Beschreibung: We consider an auction of slots to run trains through a railway network. In contrast to the classical setting for combinatorial auctions, there is not only competition for slots, but slots can mutually exclude each other, such that general conflict constraints on bids arise. This turns the winner determination problem associated with such an auction into a complex combinatorial optimization problem. It also raises a number of auction design questions, in particular, on incentive compatibilty. We propose a single-shot second price auction for railway slots, the Vickrey Track Auction (VTA). We show that this auction is incentive compatible, i.e., rational bidders are always motivated to bid their true valuation, and that it produces efficient allocations, even in the presence of constraints on allocations. These properties are, however, lost when rules on the submission of bids such as, e.g., lowest bids, are imposed. Our results carry over to generalized" Vickrey auctions with combinatorial constraints.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-08-05
    Beschreibung: Technical restrictions and challenging details let railway traffic become one of the most complex transportation systems. Routing trains in a conflict-free way through a track network is one of the basic scheduling problems for any railway company. This article focuses on a robust extension of this problem, also known as train timetabling problem (TTP), which consists in finding a schedule, a conflict free set of train routes, of maximum value for a given railway network. However, timetables are not only required to be profitable. Railway companies are also interested in reliable and robust solutions. Intuitively, we expect a more robust track allocation to be one where disruptions arising from delays are less likely to be propagated causing delays of subsequent trains. This trade-off between an efficient use of railway infrastructure and the prospects of recovery leads us to a bi-criteria optimization approach. On the one hand we want to maximize the profit of a schedule, that is more or less to maximize the number of feasible routed trains. On the other hand if two trains are scheduled as tight as possible after each other it is clear that a delay of the first one always affects the subsequent train. We present extensions of the integer programming formulation in [BorndoerferSchlechte2007] for solving (TTP). These models can incorporate both aspects, because of the additional track configuration variables. We discuss how these variables can directly be used to measure a certain type of robustness of a timetable. For these models which can be solved by column generation techniques, we propose so-called scalarization techniques, see [Ehrgott2005], to determine efficient solutions. Here, an efficient solution is one which does not allow any improvement in profit and robustness at the same time. We prove that the LP-relaxation of the (TTP) including an additional $\epsilon$-constraint remains solvable in polynomial time. Finally, we present some preliminary results on macroscopic real-world data of a part of the German long distance railway network.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-30
    Beschreibung: The latest machine generation installed at supercomputer centres in Germany offers a peak performance in the tens of Tflop/s range. We study performance and scaling of our quantum chromodynamics simulation programme BQCD that we obtained on two of these machines, an IBM Blue Gene/L and an SGI Altix 4700. We compare the performance of Fortran/MPI code with assembler code. The latter allows to exploit concurrency at more levels, in particular in overlapping communication and computation as well as prefetching data from main memory.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-09
    Beschreibung: We study the optimal control of a maximum-norm objective functional subject to an elliptic-type PDE and pointwise state constraints. The problem is transformed into a problem where the non-differentiable L^{\infty}-norm in the functional will be replaced by a scalar variable and additional state constraints. This problem is solved by barrier methods. We will show the existence and convergence of the central path for a class of barrier functions. Numerical experiments complete the presentation.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-16
    Beschreibung: Der Artikel gibt einen Einblick in das reiche Feld der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Mathematik und Medizin. Beispielhaft werden drei Erfolgsmodelle dargestellt: Medizinische Bildgebung, mathematische Modellierung und Biosignalverarbeitung im Bereich der Dynamik des Herzens sowie mathematische Modellierung und Simulation in der Krebstherapie Hyperthermie und der Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie. In allen Fällen existiert ein Gleichklang der Interessen von Medizin und Mathematik: Beide Disziplinen wollen die Resultate schnell und zuverlässig. Für die Klinik heißt das, dass notwendige Rechnungen in möglichst kurzer Zeit, und zwar auf dem PC, ablaufen müssen und dass die Resultate so genau und belastbar sein müssen, dass medizinische Entscheidungen darauf aufbauen können. Für die Mathematik folgt daraus, dass höchste Anforderungen an die Effizienz der verwendeten Algorithmen und die darauf aufbauende Software in Numerik und Visualisierung zu stellen sind. Jedes Kapitel endet mit einer Darstellung der Perspektive des jeweiligen Gebietes. Abschließend werden mögliche Handlungsoptionen für Politik und Wirtschaft diskutiert.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-14
    Beschreibung: This article introduces constraint integer programming (CIP), which is a novel way to combine constraint programming (CP) and mixed integer programming (MIP) methodologies. CIP is a generalization of MIP that supports the notion of general constraints as in CP. This approach is supported by the CIP framework SCIP, which also integrates techniques for solving satisfiability problems. SCIP is available in source code and free for noncommercial use. We demonstrate the usefulness of CIP on three tasks. First, we apply the constraint integer programming approach to pure mixed integer programs. Computational experiments show that SCIP is almost competitive to current state-of-the-art commercial MIP solvers. Second, we demonstrate how to use CIP techniques to compute the number of optimal solutions of integer programs. Third, we employ the CIP framework to solve chip design verification problems, which involve some highly nonlinear constraint types that are very hard to handle by pure MIP solvers. The CIP approach is very effective here: it can apply the full sophisticated MIP machinery to the linear part of the problem, while dealing with the nonlinear constraints by employing constraint programming techniques.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-30
    Beschreibung: We study performance and scaling of the Berlin Quantum Chromodynamics Program (BQCD) on the SGI Altix 4700 at Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ). We employ different communication methods (MPI, MPI with two OpenMP threads per process, as well as the shmem library) and run the MPI version on the two types of nodes of that machine. For comparison with other machines we made performance measurements on an IBM p690 cluster and a Cray XT4.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-11
    Beschreibung: Mit dem Informationsdienst Math&Industry soll ein Prototyp eines dezentralen Informationssystems für Förderprogramme und Forschungsprojekte geschaffen werden, das sich auf andere Programme (bezüglich angewandter Mathematik, aber auch darüber hinaus) übertragen lässt. Das betrifft sowohl die Konzeption (Strukturierung der Informationen) als auch die Werkzeuge, die anderen BMBF-Förderprogrammen zur Verfügung gestellt werden können. Damit sollen diese in die Lage versetzt werden, die in Math&Industry entwickelten Konzepte und Werkzeuge an ihre spezifischen Bedürfnisse anzupassen.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-07-19
    Beschreibung: In dieser Arbeit wird eine Serie von Remeshing-Verfahren um die Berücksichtigung von nicht-mannigfaltigen Dreiecksvernetzungen und Merkmalskantenzügen erweitert. Die betrachteten Verfahren arbeiten im Wesentlichen lokal. Daher können die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten Erweiterungen, die nicht-mannigfaltige Kantenzüge und Merkmalskantenzüge betreffen, separat beschrieben werden. Dabei wird ein Ansatz verfolgt, beide Arten von besonderen Kantenzügen aufgrund ihrer Gemeinsamkeiten einheitlich zu behandeln. Dieser besteht zum einen darin, eine Korrespondenz zwischen Kantenzügen auf der Eingabe- und der Ausgabefläche zu erhalten, indem die Remeshing-Operationen auf den Kantenzügen in entsprechend eingeschränkter Weise verwendet werden. Zum anderen wird beschrieben, wie die Abtastdichte der Kantenzüge dynamisch an die Abtastdichte der Umgebung angepasst werden kann, um für weitgehende Isotropie in der Nähe von Merkmalskantenzügen zu sorgen.
    Beschreibung: A unified approach for consistent remeshing of arbitrary non-manifold triangle meshes with additional user-defined feature lines is presented. The method is based on local operations only and produces meshes of high regularity and triangle quality while preserving the geometry as well as topology of the feature lines as well as the input mesh.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-07-19
    Beschreibung: This work introduces a novel streamline seeding technique based on dual streamlines that are orthogonal to the vector field, instead of tangential. The greedy algorithm presented here produces a net of orthogonal streamlines that is iteratively refined resulting in good domain coverage and a high degree of continuity and uniformity. The algorithm is easy to implement and efficient, and it naturally extends to curved surfaces.
    Beschreibung: In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Strategie zur Platzierung von Stromlinien vorgestellt. Hierzu werden zusätzliche duale Stromlinien verwendet, die --im Gegensatz zur üblichen Definition-- orthogonal zum Vektorfeld verlaufen. Der vorgestellte Greedy-Algorithmus berechnet ein Netz aus orthogonalen Stromlinien, welches iterativ verfeinert wird, was zu einer guten Abdeckung der Domäne und einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Stromlinien führt. Es handelt sich um einen einfach zu implementierenden und effizienten Algorithmus, der direkt auf gekrümmten Oberflächen anwendbar ist.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:004
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 26
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-10-24
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We propose a variant of the control reduced interior point method for the solution of state constrained problems. We show convergence of the corresponding interior point pathfollowing algorithm in function space. Morever, we provide error bounds for the iterates.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: This paper aims at presenting the complex coupled network of the human menstrual cycle to the interested community. Beyond the presently popular smaller models, where important network components arise only as extremely simplified source terms, we add: the GnRH pulse generator in the hypothalamus, receptor binding, and the biosynthesis in the ovaries. Simulation and parameter identification are left to a forthcoming paper.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: This work explores two applications of a classical result on the continuity of Nemyckii operators to optimal control with PDEs. First, we present an alternative approach to the analysis of Newton's method for function space problems involving semi-smooth Nemyckii operators. A concise proof for superlinear convergence is presented, and sharpened bounds on the rate of convergence are derived. Second, we derive second order sufficient conditions for problems, where the underlying PDE has poor regularity properties. We point out that the analytical structure in both topics is essentially the same.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 30
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: In this paper, we study the efficiency of Nash equilibria for a sequence of nonatomic routing games. We assume that the games are played consecutively in time in an online fashion: by the time of playing game $i$, future games $i+1,\dots,n$ are not known, and, once players of game $i$ are in equilibrium, their corresponding strategies and costs remain fixed. Given a sequence of games, the cost for the sequence of Nash equilibria is defined as the sum of the cost of each game. We analyze the efficiency of a sequence of Nash equilibria in terms of competitive analysis arising in the online optimization field. Our main result states that the online algorithm $\sl {SeqNash}$ consisting of the sequence of Nash equilibria is $\frac{4n}{2+n}$-competitive for affine linear latency functions. For $n=1$, this result contains the bound on the price of anarchy of $\frac{4}{3}$ for affine linear latency functions of Roughgarden and Tardos [2002] as a special case. Furthermore, we analyze a problem variant with a modified cost function that reflects the total congestion cost, when all games have been played. In this case, we prove an upper bound of $\frac{4n}{2+n}$ on the competitive ratio of $\sl {SeqNash}$. We further prove a lower bound of $\frac{3n-2}{n}$ of $\sl {SeqNash}$ showing that for $n=2$ our upper bound is tight.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-09
    Beschreibung: To approximate convolutions which occur in evolution equations with memory terms, a variable-stepsize algorithm is presented for which advancing $N$ steps requires only $O(N\log N)$ operations and $O(\log N)$ active memory, in place of $O(N^2)$ operations and $O(N)$ memory for a direct implementation. A basic feature of the fast algorithm is the reduction, via contour integral representations, to differential equations which are solved numerically with adaptive step sizes. Rather than the kernel itself, its Laplace transform is used in the algorithm. The algorithm is illustrated on three examples: a blow-up example originating from a Schrödinger equation with concentrated nonlinearity, chemical reactions with inhibited diffusion, and viscoelasticity with a fractional order constitutive law.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-13
    Beschreibung: This paper deals with MIP-based primal heuristics to be used within a branch-and-cut approach for solving multi-layer telecommunication network design problems. Based on a mixed-integer programming formulation for two network layers, we present three heuristics for solving important subproblems, two of which solve a sub-MIP. On multi-layer planning instances with many parallel logical links, we show the effectiveness of our heuristics in finding good solutions early in the branch-and-cut search tree.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-10
    Beschreibung: The dynamics of ventricular fibrillation caused by irregular excitation is simulated in the frame of the monodomain model with an action potential model due to Aliev-Panfilov for a human 3D geometry. The numerical solution of this multiscale reaction-diffusion problem is attacked by algorithms which are fully adaptive in both space and time (code library {\sc Kardos}). The obtained results clearly demonstrate an accurate resolution of the cardiac potential during the excitation and the plateau phases (in the regular cycle) as well as after a reentrant excitation (in the irregular cycle).
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 34
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-15
    Beschreibung: The topic of this paper are integer programming models in which a subset of 0/1-variables encode a partitioning of a set of objects into disjoint subsets. Such models can be surprisingly hard to solve by branch-and-cut algorithms if the permutation of the subsets of the partition is irrelevant. This kind of symmetry unnecessarily blows up the branch-and-cut tree. We present a general tool, called orbitopal fixing, for enhancing the capabilities of branch-and-cut algorithms in solving this kind of symmetric integer programming models. We devise a linear time algorithm that, applied at each node of the branch-and-cut tree, removes redundant parts of the tree produced by the above mentioned permutations. The method relies on certain polyhedra, called orbitopes, which have been investigated in (Kaibel and Pfetsch (2006)). However, it does not add inequalities to the model, and thus, it does not increase the difficulty of solving the linear programming relaxations. We demonstrate the computational power of orbitopal fixing at the example of a graph partitioning problem motivated from frequency planning in mobile telecommunication networks.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-10
    Beschreibung: In this paper, we discuss the relation of unsplittable shortest path routing (USPR) to other routing schemes and study the approximability of three USPR network planning problems. Given a digraph $D=(V,A)$ and a set $K$ of directed commodities, an USPR is a set of flow paths $\Phi_{(s,t)}$, $(s,t)\in K$, such that there exists a metric $\lambda=(\lambda_a)\in \mathbb{Z}^A_+$ with respect to which each $\Phi_{(s,t)}$ is the unique shortest $(s,t)$-path. In the \textsc{Min-Con-USPR} problem, we seek for an USPR that minimizes the maximum congestion over all arcs. We show that this problem is hard to approximate within a factor of $\mathcal{O}(|V|^{1-\epsilon})$, but easily approximable within min$(|A|,|K|)$ in general and within $\mathcal{O}(1)$ if the underlying graph is an undirected cycle or a bidirected ring. We also construct examples where the minimum congestion that can be obtained by USPR is a factor of $\Omega(|V|^2)$ larger than that achievable by unsplittable flow routing or by shortest multi-path routing, and a factor of $\Omega(|V|)$ larger than by unsplittable source-invariant routing. In the CAP-USPR problem, we seek for a minimum cost installation of integer arc capacities that admit an USPR of the given commodities. We prove that this problem is $\mathcal{NP}$-hard to approximate within $2-\epsilon$ (even in the undirected case), and we devise approximation algorithms for various special cases. The fixed charge network design problem \textsc{Cap-USPR}, where the task is to find a minimum cost subgraph of $D$ whose fixed arc capacities admit an USPR of the commodities, is shown to be $\mathcal{NPO}$-complete. All three problems are of great practical interest in the planning of telecommunication networks that are based on shortest path routing protocols. Our results indicate that they are harder than the corresponding unsplittable flow or shortest multi-path routing problems.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 36
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-11
    Beschreibung: In this paper, we investigate the connection availabilities for the new protection scheme Demand-wise Shared Protection (DSP) and describe an appropriate approach for their computation. The exemplary case study on two realistic network scenarios shows that in most cases the availabilities for DSP are comparable with that for 1+1 path protection and better than in case of shared path protection.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-30
    Beschreibung: THESEUS, the ZIB threading environment, is a parallel implementation of a protein threading based on a multi-queued branch-and-bound optimal search algorithm to find the best sequence-to-structure alignment through a library of template structures. THESEUS uses a template core model based on secondary structure definition and a scoring function based on knowledge-based potentials reflecting pairwise interactions and the chemical environment, as well as pseudo energies for homology detection, loop alignment, and secondary structure matching. The threading core is implemented in C++ as a SPMD parallization architecture using MPI for communication. The environment is designed for generic testing of different scoring functions, e.g. different secondary structure prediction terms, different scoring matrices and information derived from multiple sequence alignments. A validaton of the structure prediction results has been done on the basis of standard threading benchmark sets. THESEUS successfully participated in the 6th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) 2004.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We consider a multi-queue multi-server system with $n$ servers (processors) and $m$ queues. At the system there arrives a stationary and ergodic stream of $m$ different types of requests with service requirements which are served according to the following $k$-limited head of the line processor sharing discipline: The first $k$ requests at the head of the $m$ queues are served in processor sharing by the $n$ processors, where each request may receive at most the capacity of one processor. By means of sample path analysis and Loynes' monotonicity method, a stationary and ergodic state process is constructed, and a necessary as well as a sufficient condition for the stability of the $m$ separate queues are given, which are tight within the class of all stationary ergodic inputs. These conditions lead to tight necessary and sufficient conditions for the whole system, also in case of permanent customers, generalizing an earlier result by the authors for the case of $n$=$k$=1.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: In order to compute the thermodynamic weights of the different metastable conformations of a molecule, we want to approximate the molecule's Boltzmann distribution in a reasonable time. This is an essential issue in computational drug design. The energy landscape of active biomolecules is generally very rough with a lot of high barriers and low regions. Many of the algorithms that perform such samplings (e.g. the hybrid Monte Carlo method) have difficulties with such landscapes. They are trapped in low-energy regions for a very long time and cannot overcome high barriers. Moving from one low-energy region to another is a very rare event. For these reasons, the distribution of the generated sampling points converges very slowly against the thermodynamically correct distribution of the molecule. The idea of ConfJump is to use $a~priori$ knowledge of the localization of low-energy regions to enhance the sampling with artificial jumps between these low-energy regions. The artificial jumps are combined with the hybrid Monte Carlo method. This allows the computation of some dynamical properties of the molecule. In ConfJump, the detailed balance condition is satisfied and the mathematically correct molecular distribution is sampled.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 40
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-11
    Beschreibung: "`Volkssport Sudoku"' titelt der Stern in seiner Ausgabe vom 24. Mai2006. In der Tat traut sich derzeit kaum noch eine Zeitung, ohne Sudoku zu erscheinen. Die Begeisterung am Lösen dieser Zahlenrätsel offenbart eine unvermutete Freude am algorithmischen Arbeiten. Mathematisch kann man Sudokus als lineare diophantische Gleichungssysteme mit Nichtnegativitätsbedingungen formulieren. Solche ganzzahligen linearen Programme sind die wichtigsten Modellierungswerkzeuge in zahlreichen Anwendungsgebieten wie z.B. der Optimierung von Telekommunikations- und Verkehrsnetzen. Moderne Verfahren zur Lösung dieser Optimierungsprobleme sind durch Sudokus allerdings deutlich weniger zu beeindrucken als Zeitungsleser.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-11
    Beschreibung: This article surveys mathematical models and methods used for physical PCB layout, i.e., component placement and wire routing. The main concepts are briefly described together with relevant references.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-15
    Beschreibung: We study online multicommodity minimum cost routing problems in networks, where commodities have to be routed sequentially. Arcs are equipped with load dependent price functions defining the routing weights. We discuss an online algorithm that routes each commodity by minimizing a convex cost function that depends on the demands that are previously routed. We present a competitive analysis of this algorithm showing that for affine linear price functions this algorithm is $4K/2+K$-competitive, where $K$ is the number of commodities. For the parallel arc case this algorithm is optimal. Without restrictions on the price functions and network, no algorithm is competitive. Finally, we investigate a variant in which the demands have to be routed unsplittably.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 43
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-16
    Beschreibung: Perfect graphs constitute a well-studied graph class with a rich structure, reflected by many characterizations w.r.t different concepts. Perfect graphs are, e.g., characterized as precisely those graphs $G$ where the stable set polytope STAB$(G)$ coincides with the clique constraint stable set polytope QSTAB$(G)$. For all imperfect graphs STAB$(G) \subset$ QSTAB$(G)$ holds and, therefore, it is natural to measure imperfection in terms of the difference between STAB$(G)$ and QSTAB$(G)$. Several concepts have been developed in this direction, for instance the dilation ratio of STAB$(G)$ and QSTAB$(G)$ which is equivalent to the imperfection ratio imp$(G)$ of $G$. To determine imp$(G)$, both knowledge on the facets of STAB$(G)$ and the extreme points of QSTAB$(G)$ is required. The anti-blocking theory of polyhedra yields all {\em dominating} extreme points of QSTAB$(G)$, provided a complete description of the facets of STAB$(\overline G)$ is known. As this is typically not the case, we extend the result on anti-blocking polyhedra to a {\em complete} characterization of the extreme points of QSTAB$(G)$ by establishing a 1-1 correspondence to the facet-defining subgraphs of $\overline G$. We discuss several consequences, in particular, we give alternative proofs of several famous results.
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-10
    Beschreibung: We give experimental and theoretical results on the problem of computing the treewidth of a graph by exact exponential time algorithms using exponential space or using only polynomial space. We first report on an implementation of a dynamic programming algorithm for computing the treewidth of a graph with running time $O^\ast(2^n)$. This algorithm is based on the old dynamic programming method introduced by Held and Karp for the {\sc Tra veling Salesman} problem. We use some optimizations that do not affect the worst case running time but improve on the running time on actual instances and can be seen to be practical for small instances. However, our experiments show that the space use d by the algorithm is an important factor to what input sizes the algorithm is effective. For this purpose, we settle the problem of computing treewidth under the restriction that the space used is only polynomial. In this direction we give a simple $O^\ast(4^n)$ al gorithm that requires {\em polynomial} space. We also show that with a more complicated algorithm, using balanced separators, {\sc Treewidth} can be computed in $O^\ast(2.9512^n)$ time and polynomial space.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-10
    Beschreibung: The dynamic behavior of molecules can often be described by Markov processes. From computational molecular simulations one can derive transition rates or transition probabilities between subsets of the discretized conformational space. On the basis of this dynamic information, the spatial subsets are combined into a small number of so-called metastable molecular conformations. This is done by clustering methods like the Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+). Up to now it is an open question how this coarse graining in space can be transformed to a coarse graining of the Markov chain while preserving the essential dynamic information. In the following article we aim at a consistent coarse graining of transition probabilities or rates on the basis of metastable conformations such that important physical and mathematical relations are preserved. This approach is new because PCCA+ computes molecular conformations as linear combinations of the dominant eigenvectors of the transition matrix which does not hold for other clustering methods.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: Das deutschsprachige Bibliothekswesen verfügt mit den \glqq Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog \grqq (RSWK) unter Verwendung der \glqq Schlagwortnormdatei \grqq (SWD) über ein Instrumentarium, welches zusammen mit einem \glqq Faceted Browsing \grqq das bisher bestehende Angebot für ein Information Retrieval optimal ergänzen kann. Die Verbindung zwischen Standardvokabular (SWD) und Kettenbildung (RSWK) einerseits und eine nach Facetten-Eigenschaften gegliederte Navigation andererseits unterstützt bestmöglich eine inhaltlich bezogene Recherche. Die Stärken und Schwächen der RSWK/SWD werden erörtert und auch Klassifikationen (DDC und RVK) als mögliche Facetten diskutiert.
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    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-09
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 48
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    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-14
    Beschreibung: A lot of problems arising in Combinatorial Optimization and Operations Research can be formulated as Mixed Integer Programs (MIP). Although MIP-solving is an NP-hard optimization problem, many practically relevant instances can be solved in reasonable time. In modern MIP-solvers like the branch-cut-and-price-framework SCIP, primal heuristics play a major role in finding and improving feasible solutions at the early steps of the solution process. This helps to reduce the overall computational effort, guides the remaining search process, and proves the feasibility of the MIP model. Furthermore, a heuristic solution with a small gap to optimality often is sufficient in practice. We investigate 16 different heuristics, all of which are available in SCIP. Four of them arise from the literature of the last decade, nine are specific implementations of general heuristic ideas, three have been newly developed. We present an improved version of the feasibility pump heuristic by Fischetti et al., which in experiments produced solutions with only a third of the optimality gap compared to the original version. Furthermore, we introduce two new Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) heuristics. Crossover is an LNS improvement heuristic making use of similarities of diverse MIP solutions to generate new incumbent solutions. RENS is an LNS rounding heuristic which evaluates the space of all possible roundings of a fractional LP-solution. This heuristic makes it possible to determine whether a point can be rounded to an integer solution and which is the best possible rounding. We conclude with a computational comparison of all described heuristics. It points out that a single heuristic on its own has only a slight impact on the overall performance of SCIP, but the combination of all of them reduces the running time by a factor of two compared to a version without any heuristics.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We present a finite volume method for the solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation $ \nabla\cdot( \beta( {\mbox{\boldmath $x$}}) \nabla u({\mbox{\boldmath $x$}})) = f(\mbox{\boldmath $x$}) $ with variable, discontinuous coefficients and solution discontinuities on irregular domains. The method uses bilinear ansatz functions on Cartesian grids for the solution $u({\mbox{\boldmath $x$})$ resulting in a compact nine-point stencil. The resulting linear problem has been solved with a standard multigrid solver. Singularities associated with vanishing partial volumes of intersected grid cells or the dual bilinear ansatz itself are removed by a two-step asymptotic approach. The method achieves second order of accuracy in the $L^\infty$ and $L^2$ norm.
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-11
    Beschreibung: In this article we aim at an efficient sampling of the stationary distribution of dynamical systems in the presence of metastabilities. In the past decade many sophisticated algorithms have been inven ted in this field. We do not want to simply add a further one. We address the problem that one has applied a sampling algorithm for a dynamical system many times. This leads to different samplings which more or less represent the stationary distribution partially very well, but which are still far away from ergodicity or from the global stationary distribution. We will show how these samplings can be joined together in order to get one global sampling of the stationary distribution.
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: The concept of jump system, introduced by Buchet and Cunningham (1995), is a set of integer points with a certain exchange property. In this paper, we discuss several linear and convex optimization problems on jump systems and show that these problems can be solved in polynomial time under the assumption that a membership oracle for a jump system is available. We firstly present a polynomial-time implementation of the greedy algorithm for the minimization of a linear function. We then consider the minimization of a separable-convex function on a jump system, and propose the first polynomial-time algorithm for this problem. The algorithm is based on the domain reduction approach developed in Shioura (1998). We finally consider the concept of M-convex functions on constant-parity jump systems which has been recently proposed by Murota (2006). It is shown that the minimization of an M-convex function can be solved in polynomial time by the domain reduction approach.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-15
    Beschreibung: We introduce orbitopes as the convex hulls of 0/1-matrices that are lexicographically maximal subject to a group acting on the columns. Special cases are packing and partitioning orbitopes, which arise from restrictions to matrices with at most or exactly one 1-entry in each row, respectively. The goal of investigating these polytopes is to gain insight into ways of breaking certain symmetries in integer programs by adding constraints, e.g., for a well-known formulation of the graph coloring problem. We provide a thorough polyhedral investigation of packing and partitioning orbitopes for the cases in which the group acting on the columns is the cyclic group or the symmetric group. Our main results are complete linear inequality descriptions of these polytopes by facet-defining inequalities. For the cyclic group case, the descriptions turn out to be totally unimodular, while for the symmetric group case, both the description and the proof are more involved. The associated separation problems can be solved in linear time.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 53
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-21
    Beschreibung: The standard computational methods for computing the optimal value functions of Markov Decision Problems (MDP) require the exploration of the entire state space. This is practically infeasible for applications with huge numbers of states as they arise, e.\,g., from modeling the decisions in online optimization problems by MDPs. Exploiting column generation techniques, we propose and apply an LP-based method to determine an $\varepsilon$-approximation of the optimal value function at a given state by inspecting only states in a small neighborhood. In the context of online optimization problems, we use these methods in order to evaluate the quality of concrete policies with respect to given initial states. Moreover, the tools can also be used to obtain evidence of the impact of single decisions. This way, they can be utilized in the design of policies.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-21
    Beschreibung: Wir beschäftigen uns mit dem Problem der Betriebsplanung von Laserschweißrobotern im Karosseriebau. Gegeben ist eine Menge von Schweißnähten, die innerhalb einer Fertigungszelle an einem Karosserieteil gefertigt werden müssen. Die Schweißnähte werden durch mehrere parallel betriebene Roboter bearbeitet. Die Aufgabe besteht darin, für jeden Roboter eine Reihenfolge und eine zeitliche Koordinierung seiner Bewegungen zu finden, so dass alle Schweißnähte innerhalb der Taktzeit der Fertigungszelle bearbeitet werden und so wenig Laserquellen wie möglich eingesetzt werden. Dabei müssen einige Nebenbedingungen berücksichtigt werden. Für dieses spezielle Schweißproblem haben wir eine Formulierung als gemischt-ganzzahliges lineares Programm entwickelt, welches sich für die untersuchten praktischen Fälle sehr schnell lösen lässt.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-05
    Beschreibung: Modern applications of mathematical programming must take into account a multitude of technical details, business demands, and legal requirements. Teaching the mathematical modeling of such issues and their interrelations requires real-world examples that are well beyond the toy sizes that can be tackled with the student editions of most commercial software packages. We present a new tool, which is freely available for academic use including complete source code. It consists of an algebraic modeling language and a linear mixed integer programming solver. The performance and features of the tool are in the range of current state-of-the-art commercial tools, though not in all aspects as good as the best ones. Our tool does allow the execution and analysis of large real-world instances in the classroom and can therefore enhance the teaching of problem solving issues. Teaching experience has been gathered and practical usability was tested in classes at several universities and a two week intensive block course at TU Berlin. The feedback from students and teachers has been very positive.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-21
    Beschreibung: The Bottleneck Shortest Path Problem is a basic problem in network optimization. The goal is to determine the limiting capacity of any path between two specified vertices of the network. This is equivalent to determining the unsplittable maximum flow between the two vertices. In this note we analyze the complexity of the problem, its relation to the Shortest Path Problem, and the impact of the underlying machine/computation model.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 57
    facet.materialart.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We introduce a new and rich class of graph coloring manifolds via the Hom complex construction of Lov\´{a}sz. The class comprises examples of Stiefel manifolds, series of spheres and products of spheres, cubical surfaces, as well as examples of Seifert manifolds. Asymptotically, graph coloring manifolds provide examples of highly connected, highly symmetric manifolds.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 58
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We give coordinate-minimal geometric realizations in general position for 17 of the 20 vertex-minimal triangulations of the orientable surface of genus 3 in the 5x5x5-cube.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: Biochemical interactions are determined by the 3D-structure of the involved components - thus the identification of conformations is a key for many applications in rational drug design. {\sf ConFlow} is a new multilevel approach to conformational analysis with main focus on completeness in investigation of conformational space. In contrast to known conformational analysis, the starting point for design is a space-based description of conformational areas. A tight integration of sampling and analysis leads to an identification of conformational areas simultaneously during sampling. An incremental decomposition of high-dimensional conformational space is used to guide the analysis. A new concept for the description of conformations and their path connected components based on convex hulls and {\em Hypercubes}is developed. The first results of the {\sf ConFlow} application constitute a 'proof of concept' and are further more highly encouraging. In comparison to conventional industrial applications, {\sf ConFlow} achieves higher accuracy and a specified degree of completeness with comparable effort.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 60
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We consider linear inverse problems where the solution is assumed to fulfill some general homogeneous convex constraint. We develop an algorithm that amounts to a projected Landweber iteration and that provides and iterative approach to the solution of this inverse problem. For relatively moderate assumptions on the constraint we can always prove weak convergence of the iterative scheme. In certain cases, i.e. for special families of convex constraints, weak convergence implies norm convergence. The presented approach covers a wide range of problems, e.g. Besov- or BV-restoration for which we present also numerical experiments in the context of image processing.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-10
    Beschreibung: Whenever the invariant stationary density of metastable dynamical systems decomposes into almost invariant partial densities, its computation as eigenvector of some transition probability matrix is an ill-conditioned problem. In order to avoid this computational difficulty, we suggest to apply an aggregation/disaggregation method which only addresses wellconditioned sub-problems and thus results in a stable algorithm. In contrast to existing methods, the aggregation step is done via a sampling algorithm which covers only small patches of the sampling space. Finally, the theoretical analysis is illustrated by two biomolecular examples.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 62
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-29
    Beschreibung: \noindent We give a partial description of the $(s,t)-p$-path polytope of a directed graph $D$ which is the convex hull of the incidence vectors of simple directed $(s,t)$-paths in $D$ of length $p$. First, we point out how the $(s,t)-p$-path polytope is located in the family of path and cycle polyhedra. Next, we give some classes of valid inequalities which are very similar to inequalities which are valid for the $p$-cycle polytope, that is, the convex hull of the incidence vectors of simple cycles of length $p$ in $D$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for these inequalities to be facet defining. Furthermore, we consider a class of inequalities that has been identifie d to be valid for $(s,t)$-paths of cardinality at most $p$. Finally, we transfer the results to related polytopes, in particular, the undirected counterpart of the $(s,t)-p$-path polytope.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 63
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-13
    Beschreibung: The numerical integration of dynamical contact problems often leads to instabilities at contact boundaries caused by the non-penetration condition between bodies in contact. Even a recent energy dissipative modification due to Kane et al. (1999), which discretizes the non-penetration constraints implicitly, is not able to circumvent artificial oscillations. For this reason, the present paper suggests a contact stabilization which avoids artificial oscillations at contact interfaces and is also energy dissipative. The key idea of this contact stabilization is an additional $L^2$-projection at contact interfaces, which can easily be added to any existing time integration scheme. In case of a lumped mass matrix, this projection can be carried out completely locally, thus creating only negligible additional numerical cost. For the new scheme, an elementary analysis is given, which is confirmed by numerical findings in an illustrative test example (Hertzian two body contact).
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  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-30
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We discuss different approaches for the enumeration of triangulated surfaces. In particular, we enumerate all triangulated surfaces with 9 and 10 vertices. We also show how geometric realizations of orientable surfaces with few vertices can be obtained by choosing coordinates randomly.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 66
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: The concept of L##-convexity is introduced by Fujishige--Murota (2000) as a discrete convexity for functions defined over the integer lattice. The main aim of this note is to understand the difference of the two algorithms for L##-convex function minimization: Murota's steepest descent algorithm (2003) and Kolmogorov's primal algorithm (2005).
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: In this survey on combinatorial properties of triangulated manifolds we discuss various lower bounds on the number of vertices of simplicial and combinatorial manifolds. Moreover, we give a list of all known examples of vertex-minimal triangulations.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-11
    Beschreibung: This paper concerns the problem of operating a landside container exchange area that is serviced by multiple semi-automated rail mounted gantry cranes (RMGs) that are moving on a single bi-directional traveling lane. Such a facility is being built by Patrick Corporation at the Port Botany terminal in Sydney. The gantry cranes are a scarce resource and handle the bulk of container movements. Thus, they require a sophisticated analysis to achieve near optimal utilization. We present a three stage algorithm to manage the container exchange facility, including the scheduling of cranes, the control of associated short-term container stacking, and the allocation of delivery locations for trucks and other container transporters. The key components of our approach are a time scale decomposition, whereby an integer program controls decisions across a long time horizon to produce a balanced plan that is fed to a series of short time scale online subproblems, and a highly efficient space-time divisioning of short term storage areas. A computational evaluation shows that our heuristic can find effective solutions for the planning problem; on real-world data it yields a solution at most~8\% above a lower bound on optimal RMG utilization.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 69
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We describe an algorithm for the enumeration of (candidates of) vertex-transitive combinatorial $d$-manifolds. With an implementation of our algorithm, we determine, up to combinatorial equivalence, all combinatorial manifolds with a vertex-transitive automorphism group on $n\leq 13$ vertices. With the exception of actions of groups of small order, the enumeration is extended to 14 and 15 vertices.
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We give coordinate-minimal geometric realizations in general position of all 865 vertex-minimal triangulations of the orientable surface of genus 2 in the 4x4x4-cube.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 71
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We give a complete enumeration of combinatorial 3-manifolds with 10 vertices: There are precisely 247882 triangulated 3-spheres with 10 vertices as well as 518 vertex-minimal triangulations of the sphere product $S^2 x S^1$ and 615 triangulations of the twisted sphere product $S^2 \underline{x} S^1$. An analysis of the 3-spheres with up to 10 vertices shows that all these spheres are shellable, but that there are 29 vertex-minimal non-shellable 3-balls with 9 vertices.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-10
    Beschreibung: Adaptive numerical methods in time and space are introduced and studied for linear poroelastic models in two and three space dimensions. We present equivalent models for linear poroelasticity and choose both the {\em displacement--pressure} and the {\em stress--pressure} formulation for our computations. Their discretizations are provided by means of linearly implicit schemes in time and linear finite elements in space. Our concept of adaptivity opens a way to a fast and reliable simulation of different loading cases defined by corresponding boundary conditions. We present some examples using our code {\sf Kardos} and show that the method works efficiently. In particular, it could be used in the simulation of some bone healing models.
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    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-30
    Beschreibung: During the last few years more and more functionalities of RNA have been discovered that were previously thought of being carried out by proteins alone. One of the most striking discoveries was the de tection of microRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Large-scale analyses are needed for the still increasingly growing amount of sequen ce data derived from new experimental technologies. In this paper we present a framework for the detection of the distinctive precursor structure of microRNAS that is based on the well-known Smith-Wat erman algorithm and various filtering steps. We conducted experiments on real genomic data and we found several new putative hits for microRNA precursor structures.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: Wir erleben zu Beginn des aufkommenden Informationszeitalters mit dem Siegeszug von Google und anderen Internet-Technologien einen Wandel im Verhalten von Wissenschaftlern und Studenten, der mit dem Einsatz von {\sl Google Scholar} und {\sl Google Book Search} einen Paradigmenwechsel für Bibliotheken und Informationsversorger gleichkommt. Der Artikel untersucht die technischen Hintergründe für den Erfolg dieser besonderen Art des Information Retrievals: Fulltext Indexing und Citation Ranking als besondere Form des Information Minig. Er diskutiert Stärken und auch Schwächen des Google-Ansatzes. Der Autor stellt sich auch der Frage, unter welchen Bedingungen es möglich ist, ein zu {\sl Google Scholar} und der {\sl Google Book Search} konkurrenzfähiges Retrieval in der Landschaft der Bibliotheken und Bibliotheksverbünde zu entrichten. Die These ist, dass dieses unter Einsatz des {\sl Open Source} Indexierers {\sl Lucene} und des Web-Robots {\sl Nutch} möglich ist. Bibliotheken können durch gezielten Einsatz solcher Internet-Technologien dem Nutzer die Leistungen, welche Google uns mit seinen Tools im {\sl Visible Web} und mit Referenzen auf {\sl Citations} in der Welt der Literatur zur Verfügung stellt, in vergleichbarer Art auch für ihre eigenen durch Lizenzen geschützten digitalen Journale und ihre speziellen lokal verfügbaren Ressourcen, auf die Internet-Suchmaschinen keine Zugriff haben, anbieten. Es besteht die Hoffnung, dass Nutzer dann nicht - wie in einer kürzlichen Studie des OCLC konstatiert - überwiegend im Internet verbleiben, sondern bei ihrer Suche auch den Weg zu den Angeboten der örtlichen Bibliothek attraktiv finden.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-26
    Beschreibung: We consider a system where the arrivals form a Poisson process and the required service times of the requests are exponentially distributed. According to the generalized processor sharing discipline, each request in the system receives a fraction of the capacity of one processor which depends on the actual number of requests in the system. We derive systems of ordinary differential equations for the LST and for the moments of the conditional waiting time of a request with given required service time as well as a stable and fast recursive algorithm for the LST of the second moment of the conditional waiting time, which in particular yields the second moment of the unconditional waiting time. Moreover, asymptotically tight upper bounds for the moments of the conditional waiting time are given. The presented numerical results for the first two moments of the sojourn times in the $M/M/m-PS$ system show that the proposed algorithms work well.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-07-07
    Beschreibung: We present a domain decomposition approach for the computation of the electromagnetic field within periodic structures. We use a Schwarz method with transparent boundary conditions at the interfaces of the domains. Transparent boundary conditions are approximated by the perfectly matched layer method (PML). To cope with Wood anomalies appearing in periodic structures an adaptive strategy to determine optimal PML parameters is developed. We focus on the application to typical EUV lithography line masks. Light propagation within the multi-layer stack of the EUV mask is treated analytically. This results in a drastic reduction of the computational costs and allows for the simulation of next generation lithography masks on a standard personal computer.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 77
    Unbekannt
    Hershey, PA : Idea Group Pub
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books ; Internet marketing
    Seiten: 1 v. (various pagings)
    ISBN: 1-591-40826-1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books ; Electronic commerce, Management ; Information technology, Management ; Technological innovations, Management
    Seiten: 1 v. (various pagings)
    ISBN: 1-591-40631-5
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 174-174 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 26-28 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This study deals with boundary-layer flow on continuous solid surfaces. Flow of this type represents a new class of boundary-layer problems, with solutions substantially different from those for boundary-layer flow on surfaces of finite length. In this paper the boundary-layer behavior on continuous surfaces is examined, and the basic differential and integral momentum equations of boundary-layer theory are derived for such surfaces. In subsequent papers these equations will be solved for the boundary layer on a moving continuous flat surface and a moving continuous cylindrical surface, for both laminar and turbulent flow in the boundary layer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 38-41 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An experimental study of superposed free and forced convection for air in a horizontal tube is reported. The laminar Nusselt number, based on the log mean temperature difference, ranged from 29.9 to 15.2; the laminar flow Graetz number, based on the bulk or average temperature of the air, ranged from 33 to 1,300, the Grashof-Prandtl modulus based on properties of air at the wall temperature ranged from 1.1 × 106 to 2.2 × 106. The Grashof number utilized the log mean temperature difference. An analysis of the system from a macroscopic viewpoint led to the determination of an equation which fits the laminar flow experimental data in the range of Graetz numbers from 60 to 1,300. An equation was also found for the turbulent data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 61-63 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A continuous velocity distribution is derived which is based on an arbitrary modification of Prandtl's mixing length expression. The resulting velocity distribution agrees well with experiments for transition and fully developed turbulent flow throughout the entire cross section of the conduit. Furthermore the mixing length expression applies to parallel flow in smooth circular tubes and between infinite parallel plates with the same set of constants.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 78-80 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The results obtained by the evaporation of water and nitrobenzene in air from celite spheres in conjunction with the prevailing surface temperature have permitted the simultaneous determination of mass and heat transfer factors. The spheres used were 1.42, 1.88, and 2.00 in. in diameter. The experimental results of this study show that an essentially direct correspondence exists for mass and heat transfer in the flow of fluids past single spheres.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 303-307 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The formation of a solid phase as the result of isothermally increasing pressure on a binary solution is analyzed from a thermodynamic point of view. Exact thermodynamic equations are presented for the case in which there are no more than one liquid and one solid phase in equilibrium for the entire range of compositions. Approximate relations incorporating the additional assumption of ideality in both solid and liquid phases are also presented. Experimental data for the system ethylene bromide-ethylene chloride are reported and compared with predicted values. Incomplete data for the system benzene-n-heptane are also reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 324-328 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The analytical solution to the equation of motion is given for the steady laminar flow of a uniformly conducting incompressible non-Newtonian fluid between two parallel planes. The fluid is under the influence of a constant pressure gradient and is subjected to a steady magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of motion. Two non-Newtonian models are considered: the Bingham plastic model and the power-law model. Flow rates and the velocity profiles for various values of the Hartmann number and the generalized Hartmann number are presented and compared with those corresponding to Newtonian fluids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 346-347 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 337-342 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effect of mass transfer resistance in reducing the effectiveness of porous catalysts has been known since the publication of Thiele's classical paper in 1939. The variation in temperature caused by resistance to heat transfer may bring about equally significant changes in effectiveness in some cases. An extension of Thiele's treatment to take exact account of heat transfer resistance leads to a set of nonlinear differential equations that can only be solved numerically.This paper presents an approximate treatment of the simulataneous effects of resistances to mass and heat transfer. With the limitations imposed by linearizing the equations the formulas derived give the activity and selectivity for any combination of reactions. The use of the results is illustrated by three examples. It is shown that the principal effects are associated with the variation of concentration within the pellet of catalyst and with the difference in temperature between the surface of the pellet and the bulk fluid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 354 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series is composed of papers on specific subjects conveniently bound in individual books, which are published at intervals. The books are 8 ½ by 11 inches, paper covered, and cost $4.00 to members, $6.00 to nonmembers for “Heat Transfer - Storrs,” No. 30, and $3.75 to members, $5.75 to nonmembers for “Advances in Computational and Mathematical Techniques in Chemical Engineering,” No. 31. They may be ordered from the Secretary's Office, the American Institute of Chemical Engieers, 25 West 45 Street, New York 36, New York.The A. I. Ch. E. Journal will publish, from time to time, abstracts of the articles appearing in the Symposium Series volumes. Recently published volumes are abstracted below.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 260-263 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An experimental investigation of the concurrent cogravity flow of particulate solids and water in a 1-in. diameter vertical column is reported. Measurements were made of the particle concentration, or holdup, existing in the column as a function of the fluid and particle flow rates for two particle sizes, 0.0184- and 0.00396-in. diameter glass spheres. The experimental results form the basis for a prediction of the generalized characteristics of concurrent cogravity fluidization.The data for each particle size are correlated in terms of the slip velocity and the holdup. The slip velocity is demonstrated to be the same unique function of the holdup for concurrent cogravity flow and for batch fluidization. Therefore the holdup and the conditions of limiting operation for concurrent cogravity flow can be accurately predicted from the batch fluidization curve.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 273-276 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Previous investigators have developed general integrations of the Nernst-Planck flux equations to predict the behavior of ion exchange membranes in forced diffusion cells. These results are also applicable to stagnant liquid films, since this latter case can be considered as a membrane with a vanishingly small concentration of fixed charges (1). However these general integrations yield results of considerable complexity, and even the analysis of a specific system becomes a problem of some scope. This paper is based upon a much less general integration which proceeds by a straightforward manipulation of the Nernst-Planck flux equations for the special case of a single one-to-one electrolyte. The results are used to predict the behavior of a system consisting of a membrane with a stagnant film of liquid on either side. To further facilitate understanding the initial results are further simplified by assuming certain specific systems and then constructing plots showing the membrane efficiency in terms of readily interpreted, commonly encountered variables such as thicknesses, currents, and concentrations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A Burnett type of apparatus for the study of the volumetric behavior of gases at low temperatures and high pressures was constructed. The apparatus was used to study the volumetric behavior of methane and four mixtures of hydrogen and methane from +50° to -200°F. and pressures as high as 7,000 lb./sq. in.The experimental data were used to obtain the second virial coefficients for pure methane and for the mixtures. The results of approximately 600 experimental points were used to obtain a table of compressibility factors for methane and the mixtures at even increments of pressure and temperture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 288-294 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The growing availability of fast, large memory digital computers has made it practical to consider the physical implementation of control system designs incorporating appropriate strategies for automatic process optimization. The control system is taken to consist of the process to be optimized together with the interconnected digital computer. The control strategy is realized in the program of the digital computer. In the present paper a number of such programs or algorithms are discussed for carrying out a search of the possible settings of the process input (independent) variables in such a way as to locate an extremal of the possible values of a chosen objective function. The magnitude of these variables is determined from measurements taken of the dependent variables in the process. It is shown that for the particular process used as an example it is desirable to alter the search strategy as the optimization proceeds in order to locate the extremal in a minimum amount of time. The emphasis at the beginning of the search is on speed in moving towards the optimum and at the end on accuracy.Further, a computational technique is described whereby the dynamic response of the process to the various search steps (or settings) is under time-optimal control. This procedure is important for the fast execution of the search programs and consequent rapid location of the extremal of the chosen objective function.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 312-318 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 329-335 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The principles involved in designing a process for the production of fixed nitrogen by the direct use of fission fragment recoil energy are reviewed. The problems concerned with the radiation chemistry, development of fuel element, reactor design, and chemical process design are pointed out. Possible solutions to these problems incorporated in a complete plant design are presented. An economic evaluation, comparing the chemonuclear process with other conventional processes, is made. The conclusion is reached that at the present state of knowledge there does not seem to be any clear-cut advantage over conventional processes, even based on a nuclear economy. However moderate research efforts should continue for further evaluation of this process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 347-348 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 350-351 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 352-352 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 5J 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 355-355 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 371-375 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A recirculation type of apparatus with a novel liquid-sampling system was used to obtain liquid-vapor equilibrium data for the hydrogen-nitrogen and deuterium-nitrogen systems at 90° and 95°K. and pressures up to 1,000 lb./sq. in. abs. The data obtained show an average scatter in liquid compositions of the order of 0.01%, thus proving the feasibility of the new liquid-sampling system. The vapor samples are shown by thermodynamic analysis to scatter less than 0.1%. Deuterium is slightly more soluble in liquid nitrogen than hydrogen; the relative volatility is 1.198 at 90°K. and about 1.177 at 95°K. The relative volatility is practically independent of pressure; thus at 90°K. the relative volatility decreases from 1.198 at 100 lb./sq. in. abs. to 1.196 at 1,000 lb./sq. in. abs., but this range of values is well within the experimental error.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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