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  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (244)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1920-1924
  • 1999  (244)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (144)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (100)
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Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (244)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1920-1924
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of tenascin-C in proliferation and migration of laryngeal carcinoma cells (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 496-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Tenascin-C ; Laryngeal carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Cell proliferation ; Cell migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein upregulated in various pathological processes. In this study, we investigated its distribution in dysplasia and carcinoma of the human larynx using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. In all cancer tissues, TN-C immunostaining was markedly increased in the stroma, especially around the cancer cell nests. In addition, cytoplasmic staining of cancer cells was also observed in 62.5% of the invasive cases, the cells being distributed in the periphery of the nests adjacent to the stroma. TN-C mRNA signals in cancer cells were detected in all six cases examined by ISH. Furthermore, in vitro evaluation of the roles of TN-C demonstrated an increase in the proliferating cell fraction in a dose-dependent manner. In a wound closure assay, the addition of TN-C promoted migration. We conclude that TN-C secreted by cancer cells may be involved in their proliferation and migration in an autocrine fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050433
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant myoepithelioma of the breast metastasizing to the jaw (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 520-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Breast neoplasms ; Malignant myoepithelioma ; Metastasis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A breast tumor in a 52-year-old female was interpreted as a malignant myoepithelioma based on morphological and immunohistochemical studies. The tumor consisted of elongated cells with clear cytoplasm and lacked glandular components. The tumor cells were stained positively for keratin, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and muscle-specific actin. Distant metastasis in the right jaw developed 8 years after the initial surgery and the metastatic deposit showed a similar morphology and immunoreactivity. Myoepithelial tumors are generally considered as benign or low-grade lesions and distant metastasis has been rarely documented. The present case presents the possibility of delayed occurrence of distant metastasis in myoepithelial tumor of the breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050436
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of human adrenal gland and adrenal cortical lesions (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 580-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Abstract Adrenal cortex ; Adrenal tumour ; Innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuronal markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The innervation of the human adrenal gland and of cortical lesions was studied in sections of cortical tissue (n=10), hyperplastic cortical tissue (n=3), and tissue from cortical adenomas (n=5) and carcinomas (n=6). The presence and distribution of nerve structures containing neuronal markers indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation were studied by immunohistochemistry and the co-existence and co-localization patterns of the different markers by immunofluorescence. The cortex and hyperplastic cortical tissue had a moderate to rich supply of nerve structures containing the typical neuronal markers: protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), small vesicle synaptic protein type 2 (SV2), and nerves showing immunoreactivity to the adrenergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). All these immunoreactive nerves were located predominantly adjacent to blood vessels, but also among parenchymal cells. The cortex showed numerous nerve structures containing the neuropeptide substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal protein (VIP), but few nerves containing these peptides were seen in hyperplastic cortical tissue. Typical markers were occasionally observed in cortical adenomas but were not found in carcinomas, except in a few cases where PGP 9.5 and NSE were present, but only adjacent to necrotic areas. Nerves containing NPY and VIP occurred in varying numbers in both adenomas and carcinomas. NPY- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve structures were seen mostly alongside blood vessels. There were several types of co-existence. For instance, NSE/VIP-, TH/VIP- and TH/NPY-immunoreactive nerve structures were often seen in the same trunk, but were only partly co-localized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050444
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation marker Ki-S11 – a prognostic indicator for squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 590-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Hypopharynx carcinoma ; Prognosis ; Proliferation ; Ki-S11 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  As a potential prognostic factor, the proliferative activity of 131 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the hypopharynx and 47 of their cervical lymph-node metastases was analyzed retrospectively by means of monoclonal antibody Ki-S11 immunostaining, which specifically detects the Ki-67 antigen on paraffin-embedded tissue. Median follow-up time was 37.6 months. Ki-S11 revealed distinctive patterns of proliferating cells related to the degree of differentiation. The proliferation fractions in the primaries and their lymph-node metastases did not differ significantly. Patients with high proliferating hypopharynx carcinomas (〉45% labeled cells) had a significantly lower 5-year-survival rate (16%) than patients with low proliferating tumors, whose 5-year-survival rate was 30% (P=0.01). A statistically significant positive correlation was also observed between proliferative activity and lymph-node status (P=0.012). In conclusion, the proliferative activity as determined by means of Ki-S11 immunostaining is of prognostic value with respect to both survival and metastatic risk in SCC of the hypopharynx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050445
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: an autopsy case with a 24-year survival period (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 606-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma ; Pancreas ; Gastrinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an autopsy case of mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A 38-year-old Japanese male was found to have Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and pancreatic gastrinoma, and gastrectomy and resection of the pancreatic tumor were performed. However, hypergastrinemia persisted, and the patient died of disseminated carcinomatosis at 62 years of age, 24 years after the onset of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. At autopsy, the main tumor was present in the residual pancreas, and metastases were noted in many organs. In the pancreas and other organs, ductal and endocrine carcinoma areas were mixed and there was a gradual transition between the two. No acinar differentiation was noted. The ductal elements were positive for mucins and carcinoembryonic antigen but negative for neuroendocrine markers, while endocrine elements were positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin and to a lesser extent for gastrin, but negative for mucins and carcinoembryonic antigen. The ductal elements comprised about 30% of the tumor cells, and endocrine elements 70%. According to the revised World Health Organization classification, our case was diagnosed as mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma. Our case is rare because the tumor manifested as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and the patient survived for 24 years. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been reported. Our case suggests that pancreatic endocrine tumors may evolve into mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050447
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging features of allografts (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Allografts ; Osteoarticular ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of allografts at various time intervals after surgery in patients with osteoarticular allografts. Design and patients. Sixteen patients who were treated with osteoarticular allografts and who were followed over time with MRI studies as part of their long-term follow-up were retrospectively selected for this study. T1-weighted images were obtained both before and after gadolinium administration along with T2-weighted images. All images were reviewed by an experienced musculoseletal radiologist, with two other experienced radiologists used for consultation. Imaging studies were organized into three groups for ease of discussion: early postoperative period (2 days to 2 months), intermediate postoperative period (3 months to 2 years), and late postoperative period (greater than 2 years). Results. In the early postoperative period, no gadolinium enhancement of the allograft was visible in any of the MR images. A linear, thin layer of periosteal and endosteal tissue enhancement along the margin of the allograft was visible in images obtained at 3–4 months. This enhancement apeared gradually to increase in images from later periods, and appears to have stabilized in the images obtained approximately 2–3 years after allograft placement. The endosteal enhancement diminished after several years, with examinations conducted between 6 and 8 years following surgery showing minimal endosteal enhancement. However, focal enhancement was noted adjacent to areas of pressure erosion or degenerative cysts. All the cases showed inhomogeneity in the marrow signal (scattered low signal foci on T1 with corresponding bright signal on T2), and a diffuse, inhomogeneous marrow enhancement later on. Conclusion. We have characterized the basic MRI features of osteoarticular allografts in 16 patients who underwent imaging studies at various time points as part of routine follow-up. We believe that the endosteal and periosteal enhancement observed on MRI during the first few months to 2 years following surgery represents vascular ingrowth and early skeletal repair. The zone of periosteal enhancement could also include the new bone laid on the surface of the allograft through which the soft tissues bind to the cortex. The exact reason for the inhomogeneity in the marrow signal, and the diffuse, inhomogeneous marrow enhancement is not clear. This may represent saponified and/or necrotic marrow fat interspersed with the fibrovascular tissue. The features noted here should provide radiologists with useful information regarding imaging characteristics they can expect to see in other allograft replacement patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050534
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The plantar fasciotomy: MR imaging findings in asymptomatic volunteers (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 447-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Plantar fascia ; aponeurosis ; Fasciitis ; Fasciotomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To determine the postoperative appearance of the plantar fascia on MR imaging after a fasciotomy has been performed, and to compare the postsurgical appearance of the fascia after an open and endoscopic procedure.〈@head-abs-p1.lf〉Design and patients. Fifteen asymptomatic volunteers (12 women, 3 men; age range 22–49 years, mean age 33 years) with prior fasciotomies for treatment of longstanding plantar fasciitis were studied. Fourteen volunteers had a unilateral release and one volunteer had bilateral releases, allowing for assessment of 16 ankles. Eight fasciotomies were performed through an open incision and eight were performed endoscopically. The average time between surgery and imaging was 24 months (range 11–46 months). The site of surgery was established from the operative reports. Proton density (PD)-weighted and T2-weighted images in three orthogonal planes were obtained on a 1.5-T magnet. In eight studies, T1-weighted sagittal and STIR sagittal images were included. The fascia in each ankle was assessed for morphology and signal intensity. Perifascial soft tissues and bone marrow were assessed for edema. Preoperative MR studies were available in five volunteers.〈@head-abs-p1.lf〉Results. There was no apparent difference in the postoperative appearance of the ankle after an open or endoscopic procedure except for scar formation in the subcutaneous fat which was common after an open procedure (P〈0.05). Three ankles had a gap in the fascia (one open, two endoscopic). The plantar fascia measured a mean of 7.0 mm (range 5–10 mm) at the fasciotomy, and 8.3 mm (range 6–12 mm) at the enthesis. At the fasciotomy, 11 of 13 ankles had an indistinct deep contour and 9 of 13 had an indistinct superficial contour. At the enthesis, 13 of 16 ankles had an indistinct deep contour and 6 of 16 had an indistinct superficial contour. Compared with preoperative MR studies there was an average reduction in the fascial thickness at the enthesis of 14% (range 9–20%), but the thickness at the fasciotomy nearly doubled. No edema was evident in the fascia, perifascial tissues, deep plantar muscles, or calcaneal bone marrow.〈@head-abs-p1.lf〉Conclusions. The average thickness of the plantar fascia in asymptomatic volunteers after surgery is nearly 2–3 times that of normal. While there is increased thickness at the site of surgery, the changes in morphology and signal intensity were most prominent at the enthesis. The key observation was absence of edema in the fascia and perifascial soft tissues. This baseline information may be of value when assessing MR studies of symptomatic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050544
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masses and pseudomasses of the hand and wrist: MR findings in 134 cases (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 498-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Hand ; Wrist ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Soft tissue mass ; Neoplasm ; Tumour ; Tendon diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective. To assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the investigation of palpable masses in the hand or wrist.〈@head-abs-p1.lf〉Design and patients. We retrospectively reviewed the MRI examinations and case records of 134 patients referred because of a palpable mass in the hand or wrist. MRI was performed on a 1.0 T magnet using an extremity coil. Intravenous gadolinium-DTPA was injected when considered appropriate.〈@head-abs-p1.lf〉Results and conclusions. MRI demonstrated the cause of the palpable mass in 126 cases (94.02%). Soft tissue neoplasms were found in 34 cases (25.37%). The majority were benign and included giant cell tumours of tendon sheath, lipomas and hemangiomas and had a characteristic appearance. There were three malignant tumours (myxoid liposarcoma, malignant fibroushistiocytoma and rhabdomyosarcoma). Ganglia were found in 36 cases (26.86%) and non-tumour tendon pathology in 31 cases (23.13%). Less common causes included articular diseases (5.97%) and anatomical variants (4.47%). No focal lesion was present in 8 cases (5.97%). In conclusion, MRI is an accurate diagnostic technique in patients who present with a palpable mass of the hand and wrist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050553
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granular cell tumor of the subcutis: CT and MRI findings (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 96-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Computed tomography ; Granular cell tumor ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Subcutis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Three cases of granular cell tumor (GCT) of the subcutis are presented. Computed tomography showed a mass isodense with muscle with an ill-defined margin. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass with inhomogeneous low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Another characteristic feature of subcutaneous GCT is its attachment in part to muscle. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050481
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chondrosarcoma of the foot: imaging, surgical and pathological correlation of three new cases (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Bone tumor ; Chondrosarcoma ; CT ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tumor of the ankle ; Tumor of the foot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The foot is an uncommon location for chondrosarcoma. The presentation, diagnosis, pathological findings, surgical treatment and follow-up of three patients with chondrosarcoma in this rare location are presented. Though nonspecific, MR imaging findings were of aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning of these patients. If the diagnosis of this tumor is rapidly made, a tumor excision instead of limb amputation may be sufficient treatment at surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050492
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posteromedial corner of the knee: MR imaging with gross anatomic correlation (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 305-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Joint ; Knee ; Anatomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Posteromedial corner ; Intra-articular contrast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. The objective of this study was to illustrate the magnetic resonance (MR) image appearance of the structures of the posteromedial ”corner” of the knee with particular emphasis on the anatomy and differentiation between the medial collateral ligament and the posterior oblique ligament. Design. Six cadaveric knee specimens underwent MR imaging, before and following instillation of intra-articular contrast material. The knees were sectioned in the axial, coronal, and coronal oblique planes and the gross morphology of the posteromedial corner and surrounding structures was studied and correlated with the MR images. Patients. The human cadaveric specimens were from two female and four male patients (age at death, 72–86 years; average, 78 years). Results and conclusions. The contrast-enhanced sequences and the coronal oblique images allowed for improved visualization of the structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050522
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intimal-type primary sarcoma of the aorta (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Aorta ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an intimal sarcoma presenting as an aortic aneurysm. A 68-year-old man suffered from chest pain and speech disturbance. Computed tomography showed a sacciform aneurysm of the aorta, which was resected, revealing a polypoid tumour measuring 1.5×2×2.5 cm projecting into the lumen. This proved to be a poorly differentiated high-grade sarcoma having morphological, immunophenotypic and ultrastructural features consistent with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Primary sarcomas of the aorta are extremely rare. Many cases have been diagnosed as ”intimal” on the basis of their site of origin, and they are not easy to classify from their histological pattern. Electron microscopy and the use of a more comprehensive panel of immunohistochemical markers should be applied in the histological classification of ”intimal” sarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050396
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wertigkeit der Magnetresonanztomographie in der Diagnostik der Neurosarkoidose (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 889-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Sarkoidose ; Neurosarkoidose ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Key words Sarcoidosis ; Neurosarcoidosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Neurological involvement is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with sarcoidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of patients with neurosarcoidosis. The MRI brain scans of 22 patients with sarcoidosis were retrospectively reviewed, along with the clinical information provided in the request form. All patients had signs and symptoms referable to the head and were examined with gadolinium enhancement. Cranial (facial) nerve paralysis was the most common clinical manifestation identified in 10 patients. A wide spectrum of MR findings was noted: periventricular and white matter lesions on T2 W spin echo images, mimicking multiple sclerosis (46%); multiple supratentorial and infratentorial brain lesions, mimicking metastases (36%); solitary intraaxial mass, mimicking high-grade astrocytoma (9%); solitary extraaxial mass, mimicking meningioma (5%); leptomeningeal enhancement (36%). The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis is often difficult, particularly so in patients who lack either pulmonary or systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis. MRI shows a wide spectrum of brain abnormalities associated with neurosarcoidosis. These findings, however, are not specific for sarcoidosis and one must consider appropriate clinical circumstances in arriving at the correct diagnosis. In selected cases with isolated brain involvement, meningeal or cerebral biopsy may be required.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen an Patienten mit systemischer Sarkoidose sprechen in 5%, Autopsieberichte in 25% für eine Beteiligung des Zentralnervensystems. Ziel der Studie ist eine Beurteilung der Beitrags der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) in der Diagnostik der Neurosarkoidose. Die MR-Tomogramme von 22 Patienten mit gesicherter Sarkoidose und neurologischer Symptomatik wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Häufigstes klinisches Symptom der Neurosarkoidose war eine Fazialisparese (10 Patienten). MR-tomographisch konnte eine Vielzahl verschiedener Befunde erhoben werden: periventrikuläre und Marklagerläsionen in T2-gewichteten Bildern in 46%, multiple bzw. miliare supratentorielle und infratentorielle Läsionen in 36%, solitäre intraaxiale Raumforderungen in 9%, solitäre extraaxiale Raumforderungen in 5% und meningeale Kontrastmittelanreicherung (nodulär oder diffus) in 36%. Schlußfolgerung: Die MR-tomographischen Befunde bei Neurosarkoidose sind oft wenig spezifisch. Die Diagnose wird meist bei gleichzeitigem Nachweis sarkoidosetypischer Granulome in anderen Organen gestellt, eine isolierte zerebrale Manifestation kann erhebliche diagnostische Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Die Neurosarkoidose sollte bei unklaren zerebralen Symptomen und Befunden stets in die Differentialdiagnose einbezogen werden, weil sie behandelbar ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050727
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheumatische Erkrankungen des Sprunggelenkes und der Fußwurzel (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 60-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kalkaneus ; Talus ; Gelenkinstabilität ; Radiologische Diagnostik ; Ultraschall ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Sprunggelenk ; Synovialmembran ; Arthritis ; Diagnose ; Bildgebende Diagnostik ; Key words Calcaneus ; Joint instability ; Plain film radiography ; Ultrasonography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Subtalar joint ; Ankle joint ; Arthritis ; Synovial membrane ; Synovitis ; Diagnosis ; Differential ; Diagnostic imaging ; Rheumatic disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Diseases of the hindfoot are associated with considerable functional impairment and therefore may hamper patients’ movements during gait considerably. Because of biomechanical overload, articular structures, tendons and ligaments are prone to early degenerative changes during the course of rheumatic diseases as visible with plain film radiography, sonography (US), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Findings may occur as arthritis of major joints or in the form of fibroostitis and bursitis of the os calcis. Despite the progressive course of rheumatic diseases and characteristic imaging findings, high variability of X-ray signs may occur. Plain film radiograms and high-resolution ultrasonography play a key role in imaging rheumatic diseases of the hindfoot. MRI supports imaging diagnosis in selected cases. The principal goals of diagnostic imaging are precise and reproducible documentation of morphologic abnormalities and differentiated analysis for planning proper conservative or surgical treatment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Erkrankungen des Sprunggelenks und der Fußwurzel sind, da mit einer deutlichen Einschränkung der Beweglichkeit dieser Region einhergehend, für den Patienten meist sehr belastend. Bei rheumatischen Krankheitsbildern steht neben der Funktionseinschränkung vor allem in späteren Stadien die Destruktion biomechanisch stark beanspruchter Strukturen (hyaliner Knorpel, subchondraler Knochen, Bänder und Sehnen) im Vordergrund des klinischen wie auch des radiologischen Bildes. Grundsätzlich sind Arthritiden der großen Gelenke und die Calcaneopathia rheumatica zu beobachten. Trotz des meist stadienhaften Verlaufes mit charakteristischem Befallsmuster ist die bildgebende Diagnostik wegen der großen Formvariabilität der unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Veränderungen oft schwierig. Zusätzlich zu nativröntgenologischen Aufnahmen gehören die hochauflösende Sonographie, ergänzt durch die MRT, mit denen Gelenke und Sehnen direkt darstellbar sind, heute zur Standarddiagnostik. Ziel der Diagnostik ist einerseits die präzise reproduzierbare Dokumentation morphologischer Veränderungen zur Verlaufskontrolle, andererseits ihre möglichst differenzierte Analyse zur Einleitung adäquater konservativer oder operativer Therapiemaßnahmen, um Patienten zu einer aktiveren Lebensweise verhelfen zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050478
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable expression of heparan sulfate epitopes in crescents of human glomerulonephritis (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Carbohydrates ; N-Sulfation ; O-Sulfation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Crescentic glomerulonephritis leads to a rapid loss of renal function. Although glomerular crescents are rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), the composition and genesis of the ECM are incompletely understood. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a major ECM molecule and has polymeric structure of great variability. Recent findings that alterations in HS epitopes are associated with renal pathology prompted us to hypothesize that specific HS epitopes might be expressed in the evolution of crescents. We reviewed clinical records of 724 patients who underwent renal biopsy and found 21 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against well-defined HS epitopes. One mAb was directed against unsaturated uronic acid residues generated during the selective removal of HS by heparitinase (a), and a further two different mAbs against N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-poor portions of HS (b). Results showed that mAb (a) reacted to ECM of normal, sclerosed and crescentic glomeruli and that mAbs (b) reacted strongly to ECM of fibrocellular crescents but not to fibrous crescents, the periglomerular areas and noncrescentic intraglomerular areas. We concluded there are regional differences in HS epitope expression, although HS are ubiquitous components of glomerular ECM. N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-poor portions of HS might play a role in crescent formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050318
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of Bcl-2 and Bax regulates apoptosis in biliary epithelial cells of rats with obstructive jaundice (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Programmed cell death ; Ductular proliferation ; Biliary decompression ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A complex molecular network controls cell homeostasis by inducing apoptosis or proliferation. The balance of Bcl-2 and Bax, members of a protein family, determines whether a cell will become immortal (Bcl-2) or will undergo apoptosis (Bax). To determine the role of Bcl-2 and Bax during proliferation of biliary epithelial cells (BEC) after bile duct ligation (BDL) and their regression after biliary decompression we induced hyperplasia of BEC by BDL in male rats. Regression of hyperplastic BEC by way of apoptosis was induced by biliary decompression through a Roux-en-Y biliodigestive anastomosis. To quantify apoptosis a modified TUNEL assay was used. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was visualized by immunohistochemistry and quantified stereologically. BEC increased from 〈1% to 〉20% after BDL; this increase was associated with overexpression of Bcl-2 in up to 30% of hyperplastic BEC. After biliodigestive anastomosis, apoptotic BEC increased from 〈0.1% to a peak of 5.4% after 1 day to reach baseline again 1 week after decompression. This was associated with de novo appearance of Bax. The interaction between Bcl-2 and Bax triggers apoptosis in BEC and acts as a cell rheostat in BEC hyperplasia and its involution after biliary decompression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050349
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of cytochrome P450 2C and 3A in human non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 401-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Human ; Cytochrome P450 2C ; Cytochrome P450 3A ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Organ and cellular distribution and expression constancy of microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C and 3A in humans were studied with new polyclonal antibodies to CYP2C (MP-1) and 3A (NF-2) active in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Antibodies were raised against purified human CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. On western blotting, MP-1 reacted with 2C8, 2C9, 2C18 and 2C19, and NF-2 with 3A4. In both frozen and paraffin sections, hepatocytes showed diffuse immunoreactivity with MP-1 and centrilobular staining with NF-2. Inparaffin sections of 40 kinds of nonneoplastic tissues, epithelium of the small and large intestine, bile duct, nasal mucosa, kidney and adrenal cortex stained positively with both MP-1 and NF-2 antibodies. Epithelium of gastric fundic glands, salivary glands, tracheobronchial glands, Brunner’s glands, the prostate, uterine cervix and nasopharynx showed definite reactivity with MP-1. Epithelium of the gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, duodenum, gallbladder and intercalated ducts of the pancreas and chief cells of the parathyroid and the corpus luteum of the ovary reacted with NF-2. Among the neoplastic tissues, MP-1 reacted with pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland and carcinomas of six different organs, and NF-2 with those of 7 different organs. These results indicate that CYP2C and CYP3A are distributed widely and organ specifically, as well as being variably expressed in neoplastic and normal states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050359
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of immunohistochemical E-cadherin expression in colon cancer is not due to structural gene alterations (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words E-cadherin ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  E-cadherin, a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule, has been observed to have an altered pattern of immunoreactivity in several types of carcinomas. In lobular breast cancer, loss of immunoreactivity has been shown to be due either to out-of-frame deletions or to nonsense mutations of the E-cadherin gene. We analysed 29 cases of completely resected colon carcinoma with immunohistochemistry using the HEC-D1 antibody. Normal protein expression similar to that in the adjacent nonmalignant mucosa was seen in 6 cases, whereas 23 tumours had reduced or absent E-cadherin expression. In the 8 cases with no expression of E-cadherin revealed by immunohistochemistry, the entire E-cadherin cDNA sequence was analysed. In these cases, sequence analysis failed to reveal any cDNA mutations despite the negative immunohistochemistry. Possible explanations for this discrepancy include regulatory defects in the E-cadherin promoter, abnormalities at the translation or protein processing levels and mutations in other parts of the gene that were not investigated by the cDNA analysis (e.g. intronic sequences), which could play a role in causing abnormal processing of the E-cadherin protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050373
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the prognostic significance of cyclin B1 overexpression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Cyclin B1 ; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recent studies have identified a family of proteins referred to as cyclins, which control the cell cycle. Cyclin B1 activates cdc2, which regulates cell progression through the G2 and M phases. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the cyclin B1 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and clinicopathological factors and prognosis of the patients. Eighty-seven cases of primary human SCC consecutively obtained at esophagectomy were immunohistochemically studied using an anti-human cyclin B1 protein antibody (2H1-H6). The relationship between cyclin B1 expression and clinicopathological factors, including prognosis, were also statistically assessed. Positive immunostaining of cancer cells, mainly in the cytoplasm, was detected in 72.4% (63/87): heterogeneous pattern in 37.9 % (33/87) and homogeneous pattern in 34.5% (30/87). The prevalence of cyclin B1 expression was significantly higher in cases with invasion deeper than the muscularis propria (P〈0.005) and with venous invasion (P〈0.01) than in other cases. Patients whose SCCs expressed high levels of cyclin B1 protein had a significantly poorer prognosis than did the other patients (P〈0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that cyclin B1 status was an important factor affecting survival (P〈0.05). These findings demonstrated that overexpression of cyclin B1 protein is associated with tumor behavior and prognosis for patients with human esophageal SCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050319
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of α- and βA-subunits of inhibin/activin in human normal endocrine cells and related tumors of the digestive system (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Activin A ; Inhibin A ; Endocrine tumors ; Digestive system ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Activin A and inhibin A, first isolated from the ovary, are dimeric proteins able to modulate pituitary FSH secretion. Inhibin A is a heterodimer composed of one α-subunit and one βA-subunit (α-βA), while activin A is a homodimer of the βA-subunit (βA-βA). Their identification in several tissues has suggested that they have numerous physiological functions, acting as either paracrine or autocrine factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of activin A and inhibin A in normal endocrine cells and in 70 endocrine tumours from different sites in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system, using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the α- and βA-subunits of inhibin/activin. Immunoreactivity for the βA-subunit, but not for the α-subunit, was observed in normal G, EC, and GIP cells of the antrum and duodenum, and in pancreatic A cells. βA-subunit expression was observed in G cell and A cell tumours, and in a few insulinomas and ileal EC cell carcinoids. The α-subunit was found in rare cells in 7 of the 70 tumours and was colocalized with the βA-subunit in only 1 tumor. Specific types of endocrine cells from the gut and pancreas appear to produce only activin A, a possible paracrine or autocrine modulator. Activin A is mainly produced by tumours derived from endocrine cells that normally express it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050301
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands in three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Salivary gland ; Pleomorphic adenoma ; Collagen ; Cell culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The morphogenesis of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma was examined in vitro using three-dimensional (3-D) collagen gel culture. Pleomorphic adenoma cells were isolated from three parotid gland tumours and cultured as monolayers, after which they were subcultured in floating-collagen gel sandwiches. Cells cultured in both conditions were immunohistochemically characterized and compared using antibodies against various proteins representative of each histological component of salivary glands. Monolayers had myoepithelial characteristics, being positive for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. In collagen gels, however, the cells assembled in epithelial nests, showing an architecture similar to that of pleomorphic adenoma. The nests were composed of duct-lining epithelial cells that were positive for epithelial markers, surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Collagen gel culture induces multi-directional differentiation of adenoma cells, suggesting that pleomorphic adenomas originate from stem or reserve cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050317
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic granulomatous arteritis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic granulomatous arteritis ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 61-year-old woman initially presented with symptoms and findings reminiscent of infectious mononucleosis, and her illness then took a rapidly fatal course. Autopsy revealed widespread granulomatous arteritis, with multinucleated giant cells but without eosinophils and fibrinoid necrosis, affecting small arteries and arterioles and infiltration of haemophagocytic histiocytes into many organs. In situ hybridization with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific oligonucleotide probes showed positive signals in the infiltrating immune cells and epithelial and endothelial cells of the affected organs. EBV-associated haemophagocytic syndrome (EBV-AHS) with systemic granulomatous arteritis was diagnosed. From the immunophenotypes of the infiltrating immune cells, a possible role of CD4+ T-cells in the pathogenesis of this haemophagocytic syndrome and granulomatous vasculitis was suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050336
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-grade carcinoma component in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and flow-cytometric study of three cases (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma ; Salivary gland tumours ; Immunohistochemistry ; Flow cytometry ; MIB-1 (Ki 67) ; Proliferative markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Three cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) with coexisting areas of high grade carcinoma are reported. In two of the cases there was a previous recurrence, and in all three patients there had been a sudden increase in size before final surgery. The typical ductal and myoepithelial components of EMC showed the usual biphasic pattern and the expected immunophenotypes, with expression of wide spectrum cytokeratins, Cam 5.2 and EMA in the ductal part, and muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein, vimentin and cytokeratins in the myoepithelial component. These areas also had a low mitotic count and low proliferation rate as measured by immunohistochemistry and by flow cytometry. Conversely, areas of high-grade tumour had the features of a large cell carcinoma, with focal mucin secretion in two cases. This high-grade component showed an epithelial immunophenotype in two cases, and was negative for all tested markers in the third one. The mitotic counts and the proliferation rates were much higher in these anaplastic areas. One of the patients died 3 months after treatment; another developed lymph node metastases 1 year later and was alive after 6 years of follow-up. The third patient was alive without evidence of disease 7 months after wide surgical resection of the tumour. The possibility of anaplastic transformation in EMC makes thorough sampling mandatory in this type of neoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050344
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrovascular involvement in systemic AA and AL amyloidosis: a clear haematogenic pattern (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 551-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic amyloidosis ; Brain ; Circumventricular organs ; Choroid plexus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aβ colocalization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Amyloid deposits in cerebral vessels are common in β-amyloid diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, congophilic amyloid angiopathy, Down’s syndrome and hereditary cerebral amyloidosis with haemorrhage of the Dutch type). We report of 20 autopsies on patients who had died with systemic amyloidosis of the AA, Aλ and Aκ types: the brains were examined for the occurrence of amyloid. Vascular amyloid was detected in choroid plexus (in 17 of 20 cases), infundibulum (5 of 8), area postrema (6 of 11), pineal body (3 of 7) and subfornical organ (2 of 3), but not in cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. Immunohistochemical classification of the cerebral amyloid and the systemic amyloid syndrome showed identity proving the same origin of both. The distribution is indicative of a haematogenic pattern of amyloid deposition in systemic amyloidosis and is different from that in Alzheimer’s, prion, ATTR and cystatin C diseases. It corresponds to areas of the brain with a ”leaky” blood–brain barrier. Additionally, all the cases with AA amyloidosis exhibited an Aβ coreactivity in choroid plexus vessels. In one exceptional case, Aβ reactivity of AA amyloid also occurred outside of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050383
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myoepithelial cells and basal lamina in poorly differentiated in situ duct carcinoma of the breast (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Ductal carcinoma in situ ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myoepithelial cells ; Basal lamina ; Smooth muscle actin ; Calponin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A retrospective study was made of 38 selected brest tumours with a poorly differentiated in situ duct component. These were classified on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; 10 cases), DCIS with invasion (17 cases) and DCIS with features suggestive of for stromal invasion (11 cases). The last were these lesions composed of neoplastic ducts with irregular outlines and a myoepithelial layer that was not clearly evident or large neoplastic ducts growing close together or surrounded by inflammatory desmoplastic stroma. Cases of DCIS involving areas of sclerosing adenosis were included in this category. Consecutive sections obtained from each case were studied with a panel of antibodies against myoepithelial cells (alpha smooth muscle actin and calponin) and basal lamina (BL) components (laminin and type IV collagen). It was found that in situ lesions showed well-formed basal lamina and/or an evident myoepithelial layer. These features were lacking in the invasive areas. Nine of the 11 cases with suggestive features of stromal invasion were reclassified as invasive duct carcinoma (5 cases)and DCIS (4 cases), according to the absence or presence of a continuous myoepithelial layer and/or basal lamina. In 2 such cases immunohistochemistry yielded equivocal results and the label ”suggestive of invasion” was therefore pertinent. Immunohistochemistry facilitates the diagnosis of breast DCIS; myoepithelial and basal lamina markers are useful in differentiating microinvasive from in situ ductal carcinomas of the breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050332
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autonomic nerve tumour with skeinoid fibres: ultrastructure of skeinoid fibres examined by quick-freezing and deep-etching method (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Autonomic nerve tumour ; Small intestine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quick-freezing ; Deep-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A case of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumour with skeinoid fibres (SFs) of the jejunum in a 79-year-old Japanese man, was examined by the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method. The tumour consisted of spindle cells with immunohistochemical reactions for vimentin, NSE and CD34. Electron microscopically, features of the neural cells of the myenteric plexus were observed. The QF-DE method demonstrated intercellular meshwork structures, consisting of thin filaments (7–15 nm), with granular deposits. Fully developed parts of the deposits formed nodular aggregates composed of irregularly surfaced thick fibrils (30–48 nm) with a tendency to linear arrangement (SFs). We detected many interconnecting thin filaments (ICTFs) between the SFs, which were pre-existing components in the meshwork, avoiding the granular deposits. The focal thickening formed by the connection between SFs and ICTFs revealed a periodicity typical of SFs (33–45 nm). We conclude that SFs are formed by decoration of the granular deposits along pre-existing intercellular meshwork structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050340
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of Wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD) (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 729-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words DIDMOAD syndrome ; Wolfram syndrome ; substantia nigra ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD) is a rare diffuse neurodegenerative disorder characterised by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, and a wide variety of abnormalities of the central nervous system, urinary tract and endocrine glands. It may be familial or sporadic. Reported features on MRI of the brain are absence of the physiological high signal of the posterior lobe of the pituitary, shrinkage of optic nerves, chiasm and tracts, atrophy of the hypothalamic region, brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. We report a 12-year-old girl with a 5-year history without brain stem, cerebellar or cerebral atrophy. MRI showed an unusual feature: a focus of high signal on PD- and T2-weighted images in the right substantia nigra. This is consistent with previously reported neuropathological post-mortem studies, but has never been reported in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050832
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metastases from a pituitary adenoma: MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 785-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary adenoma ; Metastases ; subarachnoid ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Few cases of pituitary adenoma with metastases have been reported. We report a case with histologically benign intracranial and cauda equina metastases. We compare it to the others in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050842
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The club-shaped cord terminus in siblings with caudal agenesis: MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 735-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; congenital anomalies ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a rare instance of caudal agenesis occurring in siblings, with MRI. Both our patients had a club-shaped spinal cord, ending at T11. Radiological and urological findings are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050834
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1 (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 941-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words 3-Methyl glutaconic aciduria ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI in a young child with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1 showed signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia which progressed despite successful treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050871
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of symptomatic chronic subdural haematomas on high-field MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Haematoma ; subdural ; chronic ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the frequency of various features of the appearances on high-field MRI in symptomatic patients with chronic subdural haematomas (CSDH). The ability to predict recurrence after treatment with one burr-hole procedure using MRI was evaluated. A total of 40 patients with symptomatic CSDH underwent MRI at 1.5 T. All haematomas were evacuated within a few days of the MRI examination. Symptomatic CSDH were divided into five groups according to the MRI findings: group A (11 cases), isointense or low signal on T1- and low signal on T2-weighted images; group B (18 cases), high signal on T1- and low signal on T2-weighted images; group C (5 cases), high signal on both T1- and T2-weighting; group D (1 case), low signal on T1- and high signal on T2-weighted images; group E (5 cases), heterogeneous intensity on T1- and T2-weighting throughout the haematoma cavity. The mean interval between onset of symptoms and MRI for group A was 5.0 ± 4.1 days, which was significantly shorter than that for group B (9.4 ± 4.4 days, P 〈 0.02), group C (27.8 ± 20 days, P 〈 0.005) or group E (17.8 ± 12.2 days, P 〈 0.01). Recurrence was seen in three haematomas of group A and one of group B. Reoperation was most closely correlated with diffuse low signal on T2-weighted images but not with a multiloculated appearance. Low signal on T2 weighting was surprisingly high (72.5 %) and the age of the haematomas as estimated on the MRI correlated well with the interval between the onset of symptoms and MRI. Our findings support the causative role of recurrent bleeding in the enlargement of CSDH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050714
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolated pontine infarction due to rhinocerebral mucormycosis (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Mucormycosis ; Pons ; Infarct ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a patient with rhinocerebral mucormycosis whose initial central nervous system involvement was isolated pontine infarction due to basilar arteritis caused by the fungus. The patient was diagnosed and followed by MRI and CT and basilar arteritis was demonstrated well on MRI studies. Involvement of the skull base was shown on CT in the later stage of the disease. The unusual initial presentation of the infection is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050728
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rostral vermian cortical dysplasia: MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 190-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cerebellum ; growth and development ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The MRI findings in rostral vermian dysplasia are described for the first time. Defective foliation and abnormal fissuration of the rostral vermis can clearly be depicted on coronal images. The abnormalities are limited to the anterior lobe of the vermis and its hemisphere extension. A hypothesis is put forward to explain the abnormalities. It is suggested that the vermian changes result from an intrauterine insult at the end of the first trimester. There appears to be a variable degree of expression and associated cerebellar and cerebral cortical abnormalities can be seen. The clinical significance of these findings remains incompletely understood but may be related to the severity of the abnormalities. It is also suggested that a mild degree of vermian rostral dysplasia may represent an incidental imaging finding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050732
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital varicella syndrome: cranial MRI in a long-term survivor (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Congenital varicella syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital varicella syndrome is a rare disorder which follows maternal infection in the first or early second trimester. The syndrome comprises a number of malformations including microcephaly, cortical destruction and limb hypoplasia. We describe a case where there has been long-term survival following second trimester maternal infection. The clinical findings, including the characteristic lower limb hypoplasia, are documented, as are the appearances on cranial MRI indicating an encephaloclastic porencephaly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050736
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoparesis of the right hand following a localised infarct in the left “precentral knob” (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 269-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Infarct ; cerebral ; Motor cortex ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient with acute weakness of the righ arm showed a focal lesion on MRI in the left ’precentral knob', not visible on CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050745
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interobserver agreement for diagnostic MRI criteria in suspected multiple sclerosis (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Interobserver variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI is the paraclinical test most widely used to support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated interobserver agreement in applying diagnostic criteria to MRI obtained at first presentation. Five experienced observers scored 25 sets of images consisting of unenhanced T2- and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (approximately half the sets were normal). We scored frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, infratentorial and basal ganglia lesions and the total number of lesions on T2-weighted images; periventricular, callosal, juxtacortical and ovoid lesions and those 〉 5 mm in maximum diameter; contrast-enhancing and hypointense lesions. Based on a combination of imaging findings patients were classified as compatible or not compatible with MS according to composite criteria. Observer concordance was characterised by weighted kappa values (ϰ) and mean average difference to the median (MADM) scores. Using the raw scores, there was poor agreement for the total number of lesions on T2-weighted images, and for occipital, oval, juxtacortical and hypointense lesions. Moderate agreement was found for frontal, callosal, basal ganglia and large lesions on T2 weighting. Good agreement was attained for parietal, temporal, infratentorial and periventricular lesions. After dichotomisation according to accepted cut-off values, most criteria performed better, especially the number of lesions on T2-weighted images (P 〈 0.05). Good agreement was found for the criteria of Paty and Fazekas and moderate agreement for those of Barkhof. While experienced observers may not agree on the total number of lesions, they show quite good agreement for commonly used cut-off points and elements in the composite criteria. This validates the use of MRI in the diagnosis of MS, and the use of dichotomised and composite criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050762
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial contrast-enhancing masses in infants with capillary haemangioma of the head and neck: intracranial capillary haemangioma? (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Haemangioma ; capillary ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Contrast-enhancing intracranial masses are rarely found in infants with extracranial capillary haemangiomas (CH). We aimed to assess their nature and progression in three patients undergoing CT and/or MRI. The changes in size of both extra- and intracranial lesions were recorded. In a fourth case, a single examination was obtained. All patients harboured one or two enhancing intracranial nodular, meningeal-based lesions. Diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement of the cerebellar surface was also seen in one, which disappeared at follow-up. In all but one of the cases, the intracranial lesions were on the same side as the extracranial CH. These lesions and the extracranial CH demonstrated parallel changes in size (suggesting that both represent CH) during follow-up of 1–2 years: the size of intracranial lesions and the extracranial CH decreased in two cases, whereas it was unchanged in the third. One patient had a persistent trigeminal artery, while another had cerebellar atrophy with high signal in the cortex on T2-weighted images. In some cases, extracranial CH are part of PHACE syndrome; the association with intracranial CH might represent a peculiar phenotype of this rare vascular phakomatosis. As extracranial CH are known to regress spontaneously in the majority of cases, a conservative approach is recommended also for presumed intracranial CH; surgery should be avoided unless follow-up studies demonstrate growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050767
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage: analysis of 50 consecutive cases (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 401-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Haemorrhage intraventricular ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) has not been studied formally. We aimed to describe the degradation rate and patterns shown on 1.5 T MRI in IVH, comparing them to other coexisting brain hemorrhage. We studied 50 consecutive cases using T1-, proton-density, and T2-weighted images. IVH was seen in two forms: layered (free-flowing in ventricles) (37 cases) and/or clotted (31). Both were best shown by proton-density image. Layered IVH was seen in the dependent portions of the lateral ventricles with fluid (“blood-CSF”) levels, degrading more slowly than both clotted IVH and intraparenchymal hemorrhages (IPH) (acute blood products persisting for several more days; P 〈 0.05). Clotted IVH degraded at a rate comparable to IPH. IVH cleared rapidly and did not form hemosiderin. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) cleared faster and was less conspicuous than IVH. Hypertensive (22), aneurysmal (11), traumatic (2), idiopathic (9), or vascular malformation-related (6) IVH were seen. IVH coexisted with IPH (30) or SAH (12), or both (12). The high rate of layering with blood-CSF levels in IVH is most likely due to different densities of blood components and CSF and the fibrinolytic capability of the latter. Delayed degradation of layered IVH probably reflects high intra-ventricular oxygen and glucose content. Further study is necessary to determine if MRI characteristics of IVH are helpful in excluding other intraventricular diseases such as neoplasia and pyocephalus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050773
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrasphenoid cephalocele: MRI in two cases (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 497-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cephalocele ; basal ; intrasphenoid ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intrasphenoid form of basal cephalocele is uncommon. We describe the clinical, CT and MRI findings in two cases presenting in middle age with persistent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. Emphasis is placed upon the imaging findings which aid in discrimination of intrasphenoidal cephalocele from more common causes of a sphenoid sinus mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050790
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemorrhage in the labyrinth caused by anticoagulant therapy: case report (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 450-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Ear ; Labyrinth ; Anticoagulants ; Haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a patient who experienced a severe vertiginous episode with bilateral tinnitus and progressive right-sided hearing loss. She had Marfan's disease and was on anticoagulant treatment. The fluid in the labyrinth gave higher signal than cerebrospinal fluid on T1-weighted images, suggesting haemorrhage. The radiological follow-up is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050783
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis: MRI with high-resolution fast spin-echo and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequences (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 471-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sclerosis ; hippocampal ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a retrospective analysis of MRI in 206 patients with intractable seizures and describe the findings in bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on fast spin-echo (FSE) and fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (fFLAIR) sequences. Criteria for MTS were atrophy, signal change and loss of the digitations of the head of the hippocampus. In patients with bilateral MRI signs of MTS, correlation with clinical electro, volumetric MRI data and neuropsychological tests, when available, was performed. Bilateral MTS was observed in seven patients. Bilateral loss of the digitations and signal change on fFLAIR was seen in all seven. In three, bilateral atrophy was obvious. In two patients, mild bilateral atrophy was observed and in two others, the hippocampi were: asymmetrical, with obvious atrophy on only one side. Volumetric data confirmed bilateral symmetrical atrophy in five patients, and volumes were at the lowest of the normal range in the other two. The EEG showed temporal abnormalities in all patients, unilateral in five and bilateral in two. All patients had memory impairment and neuropsychological data confirmed visual and verbal memory deficits; two patients failed the Wada test on both sides. High-resolution T2-weighted FSE and fFLAIR sequences allow diagnosis of bilateral MTS, which has important therapeutic and prognostic implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050786
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haematoma-like primary intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a 5-year-old girl (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 523-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Intracranial haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present CT and MRI of an intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a 5-year-old girl with headache and vomiting. This case is unusual particular by virtue of its radiological appearances and the young age of the patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050797
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous: MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 520-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous ; Leukocoria ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), a developmental cause of leukocoria, is due to incomplete regression of the fetal blood supply to the eye. We report the MRI features of PHPV of the dorsal type to facilitate differential diagnosis from other causes of leukocoria, namely retinoblastoma, which may have major therapeutic consequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050796
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posterior extradural migration of extruded thoracic and lumbar disc fragments: role of MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 630-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Disc ; intervertebral ; prolapsed ; Migration ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report three patients with a sequestrated disc fragment posterior to the thecal sac. The affected disc was lumbar in two cases and thoracic in the third. Disc fragment migration is usually limited to the anterior extra dural space. Migration of a disc fragment behind the dural sac is seldom encountered. MRI appears to be the method of choice to make this diagnosis. The disc fragments gave low signal on T1- and slightly high signal on T2-weighted images and showed rim contrast enhancement. The differential diagnosis includes abscess, metastatic tumour and haematoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050815
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choroid plexus papilloma of foramen of Luschka with multiple recurrences and cystic features (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 654-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Angle cerebellopontine ; Papilloma choroid plexus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a rare cerebellopontine angle choroid plexus papilloma arising at the foramen of Luschka, without an associated intraventricular component. Distinct features of the tumour on MRI, of multiple recurrences with cystic features, are described, with a review of the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050819
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constructive interference in steady-state 3D Fourier-transform MRI in the management of hydrocephalus and third ventriculostomy (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hydrocephalus ; Ventriculostomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the use of three-dimensional Fourier transform constructive imaging in the steady state (CISS) MRI in the assessment of patients with hydrocephalus. We have found it of value both as a diagnostic investigation and in the follow-up of patients treated by third ventriculostomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050715
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperacute infarction: a comparison of CT and MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Infarct ; cerebral ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; diffusion-weighted
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared CT and MRI obtained within the first 3 h of onset of a cerebral infarct. Echo-planar diffusion-weighted MRI delineated the infarcted areas most clearly, and subtle low-density areas on CT were consistent with those shown to be abnormal by diffusion-weighted MR. The signal changes of affected areas on fast spin-echo proton-density, T2-weighted and fast FLAIR images were subtler than the low density on CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050727
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-intensity basal ganglia lesions on T1-weighted images in two toddlers with elevated blood manganese with portosystemic shunts (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Shunt ; portosystemic ; Globus pallidus ; Manganese ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two toddlers with portosystemic shunts who had symmetrical high-signal globus pallidus lesions on T1- but not T2-weighted MRI, and measurement of whole blood manganese at 2 years of age. These cases suggest that portosystemic shunts can cause elevation of blood manganese and result in manganese accumulation in the globus pallidus, causing high signal on T1-weighted images even in asymptomatic toddlers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050733
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical tubers without other stigmata of tuberous sclerosis: imaging and pathological findings (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 428-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Tuberous sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Focal cortical dysplasia ; Cortical dysgenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is immense variability in the clinical presentation of tuberous sclerosis and many incomplete forms (formes frustes) exist. To investigate the imaging characteristics of cortical tubers seen in tuberous sclerosis unaccompanied by other stigmata, we reviewed MRI and CT of six patients who met the criteria for a definitive diagnosis of TS, established solely by the presence of a histologically confirmed cortical tuber. Five of the patients had a solitary cortical tuber and the last had three lesions, one of which was resected and confirmed histologically. The other two lesions were included in our study. CT showed five tubers as low density, but three were not identified. No calcified or dense lesions were observed. MRI revealed peripheral components and inner cores of seven cortical tubers in five patients, with differing signal characteristics. The subcortical cores, with T1 and T2 prolongation, were separated from the overlying cortex. Abnormal inhomogeneous high signal was observed in both the cortex and subcortical white matter on proton-density weighted or FLAIR images. A radially orientated white-matter band was observed in one patient, and central depression of the expanded gyri in another. In one patient, a cortical tuber was atypical, with a thick cortex on T1-weighted images and a blurred grey/white matter junction with diffusely increased signal on T2-weighted images. Cortical tubers without other stigmata of tuberous sclerosis are shown to be distinct from focal cortical dysplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050777
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful surgical treatment of a dural arteriovenous fistula at the craniocervical junction with reference to pre- and postoperative MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dural arteriovenous fistula ; Craniocervical junction ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Venous hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 62-year-old woman who presented with a myelopathy at the lower thoracic level. Left vertebral angiography revealed a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) at the craniocervical junction, draining into an anterior spinal vein. Below the T 7 level, the spinal cord gave high signal on T 2-weighted images and enhanced with Gd-DTPA. The patient was successfully treated by simple clipping of vein draining the DAVF. The abnormal signal intensity and contrast enhancement rapidly regressed, except in the conus medullaris. Regression of the parenchymal abnormality on serial MRI following treatment corresponded closely with postoperative improvement of neurological function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050785
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 844-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; Echinococcosis alveolar ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral alveolar echinococcosis is rare. We report a case with multiple intracranial masses which show cauliflower-like contrast enhancement pattern on MRI. The lesions originated from hepatic involvement with invasion of the inferior vena cava.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050854
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy demonstrating contrast enhancement on MRI and uptake of thallium-201: a case report (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 895-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Single-photon emission ; tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a patient with AIDS who presented with focal neurological symptoms, and who had contrast-enhancing brain lesions on MRI which demonstrated increased thallium-201 uptake on SPECT. These findings were consistent with lymphoma; however, brain biopsy established a diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PML with increased thallium-201 uptake on brain SPECT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050862
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Relative quantification of signal on T2-weighted images in the basal ganglia: limited value in differential diagnosis of patients with parkinsonism (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 124-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Parkinson's disease ; Differential diagnosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Signal intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A reduction in signal in the basal ganglia on T2-weighted images is said to correlate with a poor response to L-DOPA and may help to identify patients with nonidiopathic parkinsonism. Our aim in this prospective study was to use the contrast-to-noise ratio of the MRI signal on T2-weighted images in various parts of the basal ganglia in 43 patients with de novo parkinsonism. Signal intensity measurements were compared to the response to the dopamine agonist apomorphine and dopamine-D2 receptor binding obtained by 3-iodo-6-methoxybenzamine single-photon emission computed tomography (IBZM-SPECT). A reduced contrast-to-noise ratio in the putamen correlated significantly with a negative response to apomorphine and reduced striatal IBZM binding. No additional signal intensity measurement correlated with response to apomorphine or specific IBZM binding. However, there was a considerable overlap of contrast-to-noise ratios between patients with a positive or negative response to apomorphine or normal and reduced IBZM binding. We suggest that semiquantitative assessment of signal intensity in the putamen shows a significant reduction in patients with probably nonidiopathic parkinsonism compared with patients with probably idiopathic parkinsonism. However, this method does not exclude idiopathic parkinsonism in a given patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050716
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Head and neck haemangiomas: contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 140-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Haemangiomas ; head and neck ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for diagnosing head and neck haemangiomas. We studied six patients using a magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence on a 1.5-T system. Conventional T1- and T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced images were also obtained. The images were compared with histological findings. In four cavernous haemangiomas, a mass was partially visible as an enhancing lesion on the early phase of MRA, and was completely visible as a larger enhancing lesion in the late phase, showing slow blood flow. In two capillary haemangiomas, a mass was completely visible in the early phase showing fast flow. In all patients, MRA clearly showed both the haemangiomas and the external carotid artery branches. MRA allowed assessment of the relationship between the haemangiomas and the feeding arteries, and of the haemodynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050720
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral bleeding, infarcts, and persumed extrapontine myelinolysis in hypernatraemic dehydration (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hypernatraemia ; Myelinolysis ; extrapontine ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neuroimaging findings in an infant with hypernatremic dehydration are presented. Brain parenchymal haemorrhage and extensive multiple infarcts were present in the acute stage. Follow-up CT showed bilateral, symmetrical changes presumed to indicate extrapontine myelinolysis in the thalamus and globus pallidus. MRI confirmed sparing of the pons. Only three previous cases of neuroimaging abnormalities due to hypernatraemia have been described in the radiological literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050721
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Hypocaeruloplasminaemia with heteroallelic caeruloplasmin gene mutation: MRI of the brain (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 185-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hereditary caeruloplasmin deficiency ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present two patients with hypocaeruloplasminaemia and a heteroallelic caeruloplasmin gene mutation (HypoCPGM). These patients had diabetes mellitus and tremor of the hands, respectively. T2-weighted fast spin-echo MRI showed mildly reduced intensity of the putamen, much more marked on echo-planar imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050730
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Pituitary macroadenoma and diaphragma sellae meningioma: differential diagnosis on MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 22-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary adenoma ; Meningioma diaphragma sellae ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diaphragma sellae meningiomas are unusual tumours often not distinguished from pituitary macroadenomas. Preoperative differentiation is essential, because the trans-sphenoidal approach is used for surgical removal of adenomas, while meningiomas are approached via a craniotomy. We reviewed five patients in whom a diaphragma sellae meningioma was initially diagnosed as a nonsecreting pituitary macroadenoma. MRI criteria for differential diagnosis are discussed. The main findings considered are visibility of the pituitary gland, contrast enhancement, the centre of the lesion and sellar enlargement. These criteria, applied to a blind review, allow correct identification of the tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050698
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  • 58
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    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic use of isotropic diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with ischaemic stroke: detection of the lesion responsible for the clinical deficit (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 777-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Stroke ; ischaemic ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the diagnostic use of isotropic diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI in 140 consecutive patients suspected of or diagnosed as having an ischaemic stroke. Isotropic DW imaging could demonstrate the lesion responsible for the clinical deficit in patients with multiple cerebral infarts at an early stage, even small lesions without a perifocal oedema or mass effect. Accurate diagnosis by DW images may, however, be difficult about 2 weeks after the onset of stroke.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050841
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    Haemorrhagic acoustic neuroma with features of a vascular malformation (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 795-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Neuroma acoustic ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 55-year-old man with hearing loss presented with vertigo and vomiting. CT tomography and MRI demonstrated a cerebellopontine angle mass with foci of haemorrhage. An angiomatous tumour, with large abnormal veins adhering to the capsule, was completely removed. Histologically, the tumour was an acoustic neuroma with abnormal vascularisation and limited intratumoral haemorrhage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050844
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  • 60
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    Sudden unilateral deafness with endolymphatic sac adenocarcinoma: MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 799-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Endolymphatic sac ; adenocarcinoma ; Hearing loss ; sensorineural ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 30-year-old man presented with sudden left deafness and vertigo. CT showed an osteolytic retrolabyrinthine tumour of the left temporal bone. High signal from the tumour and labyrinth was seen on fat-suppressed T 1-weighted images. At surgery, a haemorrhagic papillary-cystic adenocarcinoma of the endolymphatic sac was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050845
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    Paragangliomas of the spinal canal (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 788-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Paraganglioma spinal ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the clinical MRI and histopathological features of five consecutive cases of spinal paraganglioma. Three intradural tumours were found in the typical location (two at the L4, one at the S2 level); one intradural extramedullary tumour arose at an unusual level, from the ventral C2 root, and one extradural tumour growing along the L5 nerve root sheath had an aggressive growth pattern with early, local paraspinal recurrence and, eventually, intradural metastatic spread. This type of growth pattern has not been described previously. Paragangliomas of the spinal canal are more common than previously thought and can be located anywhere along the spine, although the lumbosacral level is the most common. Their appearance on MRI can not disinguish them from other tumours in the spinal canal. Even though paragangliomas in general are benign and slowly growing their growth pattern can vary and be more aggressive, to the point of metastatic spread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050843
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    Proteus syndrome: craniofacial and cerebral MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 840-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Proteus syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Proteus syndrome is a rare hamartoneoplastic syndrome that may affect the brain, skull, and extracranial head and neck. We present a case with severe, characteristic findings. Brain abnormalities are not common in Proteus syndrome; when present, hemimegalencephaly and migrational disorders are typically seen, commonly with an associated seizure disorder. Maxillary and mandibular dysmorphism may occur, including unilateral condylar hyperplasia. Subcutaneous fatty, fibrous, lymphangiomatous masses commonly seen in this syndrome may involve the neck and face, leading to disfigurement and potential airway compromise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050853
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    Visual analysis of serial T2-weighted MRI in multiple sclerosis: intra- and interobserver reproducibility (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 882-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the effect of consensus formation and training on the agreement between observers in scoring the number of new and enlarging multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on serial T2-weighted MRI studies. The baseline and month 9 MRI studies of 16 patients with a range of MRI activity were used (dual-echo conventional spin-echo sequence, TR 2000, TE 34 and 90 ms, 5 mm contiguous slices, in-plane resolution 1 mm). First, the serial studies were visually analysed for the presence of new and enlarging lesions, on two occasions, by five experienced observers, without adopting any consensus strategy and in isolation. Next, the observers met to identify the common sources of inconsistencies in reporting between observers and formulate consensus rules. Finally, a further independent reading session was performed on the same MRI dataset, this time applying the consensus rules. Agreement between observers was assessed using kappa scores. Without the consensus rules, interobserver kappa scores for the first and second reading sessions for new lesions were only 0.51 and 0.39 respectively; agreement for enlarging lesions was even worse. The mean intraobserver kappa score for new lesions was higher at 0.72, reflecting the fact that the observers were consistently applying their individual assessment strategies. Application of the consensus rules did not lead to a significant improvement in inter observer kappas; the kappa scores adopting the guidelines were 0.46 and 0.21 for new and enlarging lesions respectively. Consensus guidelines thus did not improve the reproducibility of visual analysis of serial T2-weighted MRI, and the level of agreement between observers remained only moderate. Suboptimal repositioning is likely to be a major source of residual variability and this suggests a future role for image registration strategies; until then, a single observer, or pair of observers working in consensus, should be used in MS studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050860
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    Spinal epidural abscess: correlation between MRI findings and outcome (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 904-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Epidural abscess spinal ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to determine if specific MRI findings in spinal epidural abscess (SEA), at the time of diagnosis, are associated with the clinical outcome. The clinical records and MRI studies of 18 patients with SEA were reviewed and follow-up was obtained from the outpatient medical record, telephone interview, or both. The association between findings on contrast-enhanced MRI and clinical outcome (weakness, neck or back pain, and incomplete functional recovery) was evaluated. With univariate analysis, narrowing of 50 % or more of the central spinal canal (P = 0.03), peripheral contrast-enhancement (P = 0.05), and abnormal spinal cord signal intensity (P = 0.05) were associated with weakness at follow-up. Persistent neck or back pain was associated with spinal canal narrowing (P = 0.02), peripheral contrast-enhancement (P = 0.02), and an abscess longer than 3 cm (P = 0.04) on MRI. Incomplete clinical recovery was associated with both abscess length (P = 0.01) and the severity of canal narrowing (P = 0.01). Abscess length, enhancement pattern, and severity of canal narrowing can be incorporated in a grading system that can be used to predict outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050865
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    MRI and proton spectroscopy in a child with Rasmussen's encephalitis. Case report (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 935-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Encephalitis ; Rasmussen's ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The greater sensitivity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) compared with MRI to brain abnormalities in Rasmussen's encephalitis was demonstrated in a 3-year-old boy. The patient, with symptoms, signs and morphological findings consistent with Rasmussen's encephalitis, was followed with MRI and MRS over 30 months. That metabolic changes can be disclosed by MRS before the development of symptoms or signs was demonstrated as pathological spectra were found not only in the diseased left hemisphere but also in the morphologically normal right hemisphere before any neurological disturbance of that side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050870
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    Demonstration of cerebral perfusion abnormalities in moyamoya disease using susceptibility perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Moyamoya disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Diffusion-weighted imaging ; Perfusion imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the use of diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion MRI using a contrast-medium bolus in the preoperative investigation for young man presenting with a cerebral ischaemic episode as a manifestation of moyamoya disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050711
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    Primary nerve-sheath tumours of the trigeminal nerve: clinical and MRI findings (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 100-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Nerves ; cranial ; Nerve ; trigeminal ; Schwannoma ; Neurofibroma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the clinical and MRI findings in primary nerve-sheath tumours of the trigeminal nerve. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, imaging and histological specimens of 10 patients with 11 primary tumours of the trigeminal nerve. We assessed whether tumour site, size, morphology or signal characteristics were related to symptoms and signs or histological findings. Histological proof was available for 8 of 11 tumours: six schwannomas and two plexiform neurofibromas. The other three tumours were thought to be schwannomas, because they were present in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 and followed the course of the trigeminal nerve. Uncommon MRI appearances were observed in three schwannomas and included a large intratumoral haemorrhage, a mainly low-signal appearance on T2-weighted images and a rim-enhancing, multicystic appearance. Only four of nine schwannomas caused trigeminal nerve symptoms, including two with large cystic components, one haemorrhagic and one solid tumor. Of the five schwannomas which did not cause any trigeminal nerve symptoms, two were large. Only one of the plexiform neurofibromas caused trigeminal nerve symptoms. Additional neurological symptoms and signs, not related to the trigeminal nerve, could be attributed to the location of the tumour in three patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050713
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    Leukoencephalopathy complicating an Ommaya reservoir and chemotherapy (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 134-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Demyelination ; Methotrexate ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ommaya reservoir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the imaging findings in an unusual case of biopsy-proven, methotrexate-induced leukoencephalopathy complicating a malfunctioning Ommaya reservoir in a patient with lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050718
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    MRI of pituitary adenoma with extensive amyloid formation (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 358-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Amyloid ; Pituitary adenoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a patient with a pituitary adenoma with extensive amyloid formation. T2-weighted MRI was most characteristic for amyloid deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050765
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    Radiological and histological findings in spinal intramedullary angiolipoma (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 584-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Angiolipoma ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report an intramedullary angiolipoma with spinal cord compression studied by MRI, angiography and CT. Angiolipomas of the spine are rare benign tumours containing vascular and mature adipose elements. They are epidural in more than 90 % of the cases; only three cases of intramedullary angiolipoma are described. The clinical picture is nonspecific, but MRI and CT suggest the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050811
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    One-and-a-half syndrome in pontine infarcts: MRI correlates (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 666-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words One-and-a-half syndrome ; Infarcts pontine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The one-and-a-half syndrome is characterised by a lateral gaze palsy in one direction and internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other. It is due to a unilateral lesion of the dorsal pontine tegmentum, involving the ipsilateral paramedian pontine reticular formation, internuclear fibres of the ipsilateral medical longitudinal fasciculus and, usually, the abducens nucleus. The main causes of this rare syndrome are stroke and multiple sclerosis. Few cases have been reported since the introduction of MRI. Our aim was to examine clinicoradiological correlations in six patients with a one-and-a-half syndrome due to a stroke. Ophthalmological symptoms were diplopia, oscillopsia or blurred vision. Four patients had an associated facial nerve palsy, three a hemiparesis and one a unilateral hemihypoaesthesia. MRI revealed an infarct in the pons in all patients. The cause of the infarct was a basilar artery dissection in one patient, bilateral vertebral artery dissection in a second and unknown in the other four. All patients recovered within 2 days to 8 weeks. This study showed a good correlation between the site of the lesion (superior, inferior or extensive pontine ischaemia) and clinical deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050821
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    MRI of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: factors determining pretreatment hormone levels (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 765-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary ; adenoma ; Growth hormone-secreting ; Acromegaly ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preoperative serum growth hormone (GH) level is one of the most important determinants of outcome. Our aim was to assess MRI findings which may correlate with pretreatment GH levels in GH-secreting adenomas. We retrospectively studied 29 patients with acromegaly caused by a pituitary adenoma. Tumor size (height, width, thickness and volume), suprasellar extension, sphenoid or cavernous sinus invasion, signal intensity and contrast enhancement were studied. Linear regression analysis or Fisher's exact probability test was used for statistical analysis. Factors related to high GH levels were the maximum dimension of the tumour (r = 0.496, P 〈 0.01), its volume (r = 0.439, P 〈 0.05), spenoid sinus invasion (P 〈 0.01) and intracavernous carotid artery (encasement (P 〈 0.01). The other items were not related to serum GH levels. Since we believe surgery is the first choice of treatment and the cavernous sinus is difficult of access with a conventional surgical approach, preoperative assessment of invasion into the cavernous sinus is critical for predicting the surgical outcome. Low GH levels (5–50 ng/ml) were found with tumours medial to the intercarotid line and high levels (more than 101 ng/ml) with invasive tumours with carotid artery encasement. Variable GH levels were noted with tumours extending beyond the intercarotid line. Because functioning adenomas invading the cavernous sinus tend to have markedly high hormone levels, and only patients with carotid artery encasement showed markedly elevated GH levels, we believe carotid artery encasement a reliable MRI indicator of cavernous sinus invasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050839
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    Olivary degeneration after intracranial haemorrhage or trauma: follow-up MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Olive ; degeneration ; Head injurgy ; Pontine hemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied serial MRI appearances of transneuronal degeneration in the inferior olives, retrospectively analysing follow-up images of five patients, three with head injury and two with brain stem haemorrhage. We performed 13 MRI studies 4 days to 2 years 7 months after the accident. All but one of the patients exhibited bilateral olivary high signal on T2-weighted images. The interval between causal event and appearance of olivary changes was 2–4 months, images 4 days to 1.5 months after the accidents revealing no changes. Olivary enlargement was observed in four patients 2–4 months after ictus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050695
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    Spontaneous regression of a pituitary cyst (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 27-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary ; cyst ; Rathke's cleft cyst ; Pituitary ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a pituitary cyst discovered on MRI in an amenorrheic patient that regressed over months. Although the precise etiology of the cyst is unproven, documentation of pituitary cyst regression has not to our knowledge been described previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050699
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    The oculocerebrocutaneous (Delleman-Oorthuys) syndrome (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome ; Delleman-Oorthuys syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe two cases of the so-called oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome, also known as the Delleman-Oorthuys syndrome. Both patients had characteristic congenital anomalies of the orbit, central nervous system and skin. The ocular and cerebral lesions were studied with CT and MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050706
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    Mitochondrial diseases in children: neuroradiological and clinical features in 17 patients (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 920-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondrial diseases ; Leigh's disease ; Kearns-Sayre disease ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial diseases result from structural, biochemical or genetic defects of mitochondria, which contain the respiratory chain. They usually affect children and young adults. We report the CT and MRI findings in 17 patients under 14 years of age, the youngest reported to date, with various mitochondrial diseases. Although imaging studies may be normal negative in the early stages, follow-up usually shows many abnormalities, which depend on clinical status and the disease. We have recognised a spectrum of findings that can be divided into four patterns: nonspecific myelin lesions (8/17); grey-matter nuclei involvement (6/17); a leukodystrophic pattern; and calcification of the brain (1/17), although mixed forms, particularly myelin and grey-matter lesions are frequent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050868
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    Sydenham's chorea: MRI and proton spectroscopy (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 943-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Chorea ; Sydenham's ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the MRI and proton spectroscopy findings in a child with clinical diagnosis of Sydenham's chorea. MRI showed high signal in the caudate nuclei and putamina on T2-weighted images. We believe that the spectra showed an abnormality in the number and/or function of neurons, lipids from cellular breakdown (cytolytic effect of antibodies), aminoacids (related to the presence of antibodies in the neostriatum), and sugars (also related to the presence of antibodies). The spectroscopy features correlate well with the histopathology and biochemistry of this rare disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050872
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    Spontaneous remission of chiasmatic/hypothalamic masses in neurofibromatosis type 1: report of two cases (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 199-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) ; Optic glioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two children with neurofibromatosis type 1 showing enhancing masses on MRI suggesting neoplasms in the chiasm and hypothalamic region. In both patients no visual or endocrinal dysfunction was present. On serial MRI spontaneous partial remission was found, implying that a cautious approach to therapeutic management of similar cases should be taken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050734
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    Masked assessment of MRI findings: is it possible to differentiate neuro-Behçet's disease from other central nervous system (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Behçet's syndrome ; Central nervous system ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain ; vasculitis ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two neuroradiologists reviewed MRI studies of 34 patients with neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD), 22 with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 7 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with central nervous system involvement, masked to the clinical diagnosis, age and sex of the patients. Of the patients with NBD 12 were in an acute attack; the others had chronic disease. MRI was assessed using a set of criteria, looking at atrophy, the site of discrete parenchymal lesions, regions of predominant involvement and the extent of the lesion(s). The observers also made a guess at the clinical diagnosis. The brain stem and/or basal ganglia were the most predominantly involved sites in all patients with acute NBD; 75 % of these lesions were large and confluent, mainly extending from the brain stem to the diencephalon and basal ganglia. However, in chronic cases, the predominant involvement was in the brain stem and/or basal ganglia in only 36 %, and in cerebral hemisphere white matter in another 36 %; 27 % of these patients showed no parenchymal lesion. Hemisphere white-matter lesions were equally distributed between periventricular and other areas in NBD, while in MS more were periventricular, and in SLE more were nonperiventricular. Brain-stem atrophy was seen in 21 % of patients with NBD, with a specificity of 96.5 %. In the absence of cortical atrophy, its specificity was 100 %. The attempt at making a radiological diagnosis was successful in all cases of acute NBD and 95.5 % of patients with MS, but in only 40 % of patients with chronic NBD. Most of this latter groups MRI studies were interpreted as MS. An extensive lesion involving the brain stem and basal ganglia seemed to be diagnostic of acute NBD. However, hemisphere white-matter lesions could not be differentiated from those in MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050742
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    Virchow-Robin spaces in childhood migraine (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Virchow-Robin spaces ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Childhood migraine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) are pia-lined extensions of the subarachnoid space which surround penetrating arteries as they enter the brain on its surface. Using high-resolution MRI, which shows small penetrating arteries, we studied a possible association of accentuated VRS in children with tension-type headache (TTH) or migraine. We studied 58 children aged 3–14 years (mean 10.8 years) with a clinical diagnosis of migraine (31) or TTH (27), who underwent cerebral MRI, and 30 headache-free patients of the same age (mean 10.2 years) and 30 adult migraineurs with postpubertal onset of symptoms, who served as controls. The images were reviewed for structural abnormalities in the regions of the small penetrating arteries. Accentuated VRS were found in 61 % of the children with migrainous headaches and in 22 % of children of those with TTH. Prominent VRS were seen in 27 % of the control children and in only 13 % of the adults. Small infarcts and gliosis were rare in children with or without headache, but were seen in 30 % of the adult migraineurs. Our findings show that accentuated VRS are significantly more common in children with migraine than in those with TTH or headache-free controls. Detection of accentuated VRS may therefore enhance differential diagnosis of primary headaches in children, contributing to an improvement in management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050749
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    Accuracy of single-sequence MRI for investigation of the fluid-filled spaces in the inner ear and cerebellopontine angle (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 292-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Temporal bone ; abnormalities ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We prospectively studied 163 patients referred for MRI of the temporal bone. A presumed diagnosis was made using only one of three sequences: a single thick (12 mm) slice fast T2-sequence, 3D fourier transform constructive interference in steady state (3DFT-CISS) sequence and a gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequence. The visibility of the cochlea, vestibule and superior, lateral and posterior semicircular canals of normal temporal bones was assessed on the T2-weighted images: they were almost always visible (98–100 %), with exception of the superior semicircular canal, seen in only 35 % of cases. The images were interpreted as abnormal in 34 patients (21 %). Using only the fast T2-weighted, 3DFT-CISS and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences a presumed false positive diagnosis was made in 5, 1 and 0 cases and a false negative diagnosis in 2, 2 and 4 cases respectively. The overall reliability of the thick-section fast T2-weighted images is limited. This study suggests that a combination of gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted and 3DFT-CISS images can be considered the gold standard for temporal bone MRI and neither sequence performed separately is as accurate as both together.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050751
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    Primary chiasmal sarcoid granuloma: MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 440-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Optic chiasm ; Sarcoidosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report MRI findings of a pathologically proven primary sarcoid granuloma of chiasmal origin that mimicked an optic pathway glioma
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050780
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    Extraspinal dural arteriovenous fistula in a patient with lipomyelodysplasia: value of MRI and MRA (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 579-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; dysraphism ; Fistula ; arteriovenous ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae are extremely rare in spinal dysraphism. A fistulous malformation within a lipomyelomeningocele has not been reported previously. A 50-year-old man presented with progressive paraparesis and bladder dysfunction. MRI revealed a large lumbar lipomyelomeningocele. A vascular malformation was indicated by abnormal signal in the thoracolumbar spinal cord and dilated perimedullary veins. Phase-contrast MRA demonstrated only the slow-flow veins of the fistula and an intradural ascending vein. Contrast-enhanced ultra-fast MRA gave excellent delineation of all parts of the fistula within the dysraphic lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050810
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  • 84
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    Myeloneuropathy following nitrous oxide anesthaesia in a patient with macrocytic anaemia (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 588-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Nitrous oxide anaesthesia ; Macrocytic anaemia ; Myeloneuropathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neurological condition triggered by anaesthesia with nitrous oxide involves the cyanocobalamine pathway and is characterised by progressive demyelination and axonal lesions of the peripheral nerves and cervicothoracic spinal cord (posterior and anterolateral columns) giving a peripheral neuropathy and very frequently subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. It is possible to show these demyelinating lesions by MRI of the spine, allowing early diagnosis and follow-up. We describe a case of myeloneuropathy with onset a few hours after nitrous oxide anaesthesia in a patient with macrocytic anaemia and possible subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency and MRI evidence of a lesion of the cervical spinal cord. Neurological and haematological improvement followed cyanocobalamine replacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050812
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Fibro-osseous lesions involving the brain: MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; neoplasms ; Skull base ; neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the MRI findings in two patients with “fibro-osseous lesions” involving the central nervous system. A left temporal lobe mass was present in one patient and an extra-axial mass at the skull base in the other. In both cases, calcification was present, with low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050697
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Rathke's cleft cyst with pituitary apoplexy: case report (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 832-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary tumor ; Cyst Rathke's cleft ; Pituitary apoplexy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a Rathke's cleft cyst which presented as pituitary apoplexy, a rare presentation. A 46-year-old woman suffered sudden headache and visual loss. T1-weighted MRI 3 weeks after this apoplectic episode demonstrated a cystic lesion between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary, with some high-signal material layering in it. The mass showed spontaneous regression on an image 3 weeks later. Trans-sphenoidal surgery confirmed the diagnosis of a Rathke's cleft cyst with a haematoma within it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050851
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Chronic spinal subdural haematoma associated with intracranial subdural haematoma: CT and MRI (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 137-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal subdural haematoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic spinal subdural haematoma is a uncommon. We describe the CT and MRI appearances of chronic spinal and intracranial subdural haematomas following minor trauma. The aetiology, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050719
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in AIDS: parenchymal and meningeal forms (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cryptococcosi ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CT and MRI in one case of Cryptococcus neoformans infection showed contrast-enhancing parenchymal lesions resembling granulomata or abscesses. After an initial phase without contrast enhancement, the full extent of the lesions was visible within 2 weeks of presentation. The enhancing masses were assumed to represent intracerebral cryptococcomas. Despite evidence of massive meningeal infection on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, no radiological signs of meningitis, invasion of the Virchow-Robin spaces or ventriculitis could be demonstrated. With antimycotic treatment the contrast enhancement disappeared and cystic, partly calcified lesions remained. Recurrence of meningeal infection without radiological correlates was apparent in this stage. In a second case of proven cryptococcus meningitis, dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces or cysts in the adjacent parenchyma were the main abnormalities on MRI. Enhancing masses were not detected. These cases may represent two different reactions of the immunocompromised hosts to infection with C. neoformans: widening of the perivascular spaces as a correlate of the more typical meningeal infection and enhancing parenchymal lesions as a sign of further invasion from the CSF spaces. Enhancement of cryptococcomas, indicating an inflammatory response in the surrounding brain, is not typical in patients with impairment of immune function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050717
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI characteristics of midbrain tumours (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 158-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Midbrain ; tumours ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We diagnosed 60 cases of midbrain tumours by MRI between 1993 to 1997. There were 39 males and 21 females, aged 2–64 years, mean 25.6 years. We found 38 patients with true intramedullary midbrain tumours, 11 predominantly in the tectum, 20 in the tegmentum and 7 with a downward extension to the pons; there were 7 within the cerebral aqueduct. There were 22 patients with infiltrating midbrain tumours extending from adjacent structures, 11 cases each from the thalamus and pineal region. All patients received surgical treatment. Gross total resection was achieved in 42 cases, subtotal (〉 75 %) resection in 18. Pathological diagnoses included 16 low-grade and 15 high-grade astrocytomas; 5 oligodendroastrocytomas; 2 ependymomas; 11 glioblastomas; and 11 pineal parenchymal or germ-cell tumours. Midbrain tumours are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, with wide variation in clinical and MRI features, related to the site and type of tumour. MRI not only allows precise analysis of their growth pattern, but also can lead to a correct preoperative diagnosis in the majority of cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050723
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    MRI of acute cerebral infarcts: increased contrast enhancement with continuous infusion of gadolinium (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 242-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral infarcts ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared contrast enhancement on T1-weighted MRI of acute cerebral infarcts after conventional bolus administration and continuous infusion of gadolinium. We examined 12 patients with a history of acute stroke with contrast-enhanced MRI once a week for a 1 month. Only ischaemic lesions were investigated after cerebral haemorrhage had been excluded by CT. Each MRI study included T2- and proton density-weighted sequences for determination of the size and site of the infarct, immediate postinjection T1-weighted imaging after bolus administration of 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium-DPTA and delayed T1-weighted imaging after additional continuous infusion of 0.1 mmol/kg over 2 h. A total of 42 MRI studies was performed. In the first week after the onset of stroke, most infarcts (8 of 10) did not enhance after bolus administration, whereas all showed distinct contrast enhancement after the infusion. In the following weeks all but two infarcts showed contrast enhancement after bolus administration; after continuous infusion contrast enhancement could be seen in all cases. While contrast enhancement after bolus administration showed the typical gyriform pattern, enhanced areas were more extensive after the infusion and usually covered the entire infarcted area shown on T2- and proton density-weighted images. We presume that the disturbed blood-brain barrier in ischaemic areas favours delivery of contrast medium to the infarcted tissue if it is offered continuously so that a steady state can develop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050740
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Transient globus pallidus T 1 shortening associated with polycythaemia and dystonia (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 288-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dystonia ; Polycythaemia ; Globus pallidus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a child who concurrently developed polycythaemia, dystonia, and T 1 shortening in the globus pallidus, medial cerebral peduncle and superior cerebellar peduncles on MRI. With spontaneous resolution of the polycythaemia after about 21/2 years, the dystonia and MRI abnormalities also resolved. Although the physiological cause of the T 1 shortening is not known, this appears to be another cause of T 1 shortening in the basal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050750
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar and basal ganglion involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 443-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Langerhans cell histiocytosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown cause characterised by proliferation of histiocytic granulomas in tissues; the primary cerebral manifestation is diabetes insipidus caused by hypothalamic infiltration. We present a patient in whom, except for the absence of high signal on T 1 weighting in the posterior pituitary, consistent with central diabetes insipidus, MRI showed no evidence of hypothalamic involvement by histiocytosis, despite the long duration of the disease. However, there was bilateral, symmetrical involvement of the cerebellum and globus pallidus in addition to a calvarial lesion. High signal in the cerebellar white matter on T 2-weighted images may represent demyelination, gliosis and cell loss, as previously reported on pathologic examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050781
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  • 93
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    Pathologie der Rhabdo- myosarkome des Kindes- und Adoleszentenalters Ein Bericht des Kindertumorregisters bei der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rhadomyosarkom ; Klassifizierung ; Immunhistochemie ; Genetik ; Prognose ; Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Classification ; Immunohistochemistry ; Genetics ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most important and a very heterogeneous group of malignant soft tissue tumors of childhood and adolescence.The two major subtypes (embryonal and alveolar) share a common myogenic differentiation, but seem to be histogenetically not related. The so-called ’International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma’ includes, besides the two major subtypes, the botryoid and leiomyomatous subtypes of embryonal RMS which are associated with a better prognosis and are treated less aggressively according to current protocols. In addition, the solid variant of alveolar RMS is included in the alveolar group of RMS. The identification of the various subtypes is necessary and important because the treatment with the current protocols is also related to histology. Using conventional stains and immunohistochemistry, these subtypes are distinguishable. Genetic analysis can be helpful in the demonstration of t(2;13) or t(1;13) translocations in alveolar RMS. The identification of alveolar RMS with t(1;13) translocation might become important in the future, because this type of translocation seems to be related to a better prognosis as compared to tumors with a t(2;13) translocation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Rhabdomyosarkome stellen eine heterogene Gruppe von ganz verschiedenartigen, histogenetisch wohl nicht zusammengehörenden Tumoren dar. Nach der heute verwendeten „Internationalen Klassifikation” der Rhabdomyosarkome werden neben der Unterteilung in embryonalen und alveoläre Rhabdomyossarkome auch Subtypen des embryonalen RMS identifiziert (botryoider und leiomyomatöser Subtyp), die durch eine günstigere Prognose und durch die Notwendigkeit einer weniger aggressive Therapie gekennzeichnet sind. Durch Einsatz von verschiedenen histologischen und immunhistochemischen Färbungen ist die Identifizierung der verschiedenen Typen der RMS heute möglich und auch zwingend notwendig, da die einzelnen Entitäten nach ganz unterschiedlichen Therapieprotokollen behandelt werden. Der Nachweis typischer molekulargenetischer Veränderungen kann in der Unterscheidung insbesondere von embryonalen und alveolären RMS hilfreich sein. In der Regel ist die Abgrenzung zwischen diesen beiden Entitäten auch an konventionell gefärbten Schnittpräparaten möglich. Die Identifizierung von alveolären RMS mit einer t(1;13)-Translokation könnte in Zukunft eine große Bedeutung haben, da diese genetische Veränderung möglicherweise mit einer günstigeren Prognose assoziert sein könnte als die t(2;13)-Translokation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050326
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  • 94
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    Pleomorphes Adenom (Mischtumor) des äußeren Gehörgangs Zur Differentialdiagnose der Tumoren der Zeruminaldrüsen (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pleomorphes Adenom ; Äußerer Gehörgang ; Zeruminom ; Differentialdiagnose ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Pleomorphic adenomas ; Meatus acusticus externus ; Ceruminoma ; Differential diagnosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A tumor was removed from the right external auditory canal of a 69-year old female patient. The histopathological and immunhistochemical evaluation revealed a pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor). The differential diagnosis of the tumors derived from the ceruminal glands, their clinical and prognostic implications as well as the histogenesis of pleomorphic adenomas in this localization are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 69jährigen Patientin wurde aus dem rechtsseitigen äußeren Gehörgang ein Tumorknoten exstirpiert. Die histopathologische und immunhistochemische Untersuchung ergab ein pleomorphes Adenom (Mischtumor). Die Differentialdiagostik der von den Zeruminaldrüsen abgeleiteten Tumoren, deren klinisch-prognostische Konsequenz sowie die Histogenese der pleomorphen Adenome in dieser besonderen Lokalisation werden erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050331
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion-weighted MRI postoperative assessment of an epidermoid tumour in the cerebellopontine angle (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 829-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Epidermoid tumour ; Diffusion-weighted imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebellopontine angle epidermoid tumour generally has a typical appearance with conventional MRI sequences. The lesion is irregular in shape and gives slightly higher signal than cerebrospinal fluid on T1- and T2-weighted images, with a characteristic marbled inner pattern on T1-weighted images. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can be useful for the diagnosis of an atypical epidermoid tumour. Our case report illustrates the usefulness of DWI for postoperative assessment of residual foci of tumour. The specific appearance of an epidermoid tumour is illustrated, with emphasis on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050850
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Acute intermittent porphyria with central pontine myelinolysis and cortical laminar necrosis (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 835-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Porphyria ; acute intermittent ; Encephalopathy ; porphyric ; Myelinolysis ; central pontine ; Necrosis ; cortical laminar ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal-dominant disease caused by a deficiency of porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase. Patients with AIP present with neurological syndromes such as autonomic neuropathy, peripheral axonal neuropathy or central nervous system dysfunction. We report serial MRI of a patient with AIP who had cortical and subcortical cerebral changes. A 29-year-old woman with a 6-month history of AIP had an attack with severe hyponatraemia and generalised convulsions, treated with haem arginate and supportive therapy. MRI showed central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis and cortical laminar necrosis. These are not common in AIP, but are likely to have been caused by rapid correction of hyponatraemia and by vasospasm, which could be induced by AIP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050852
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Clinical single-shot diffusion-weighted MRI of the human brain on a short-bore medium-field imager (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 889-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Stroke ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Diffusion-weighted imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is becoming important for assessment of acute stroke. Until recently single-shot DWI required expensive technology such as echo-planar imaging (EPI) available only at some research sites. A new medium-field (1.0 T) short-bore MR imager has been developed with which DWI data sets can be acquired. We prospectively studied 169 patients on this 1.0 T commercial system. After conventional imaging, DWI was performed with a single-shot multi-slice sequence with b values 0 an 900 s/mm2, and with the gradients switched in three directions. The apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated with online calculation software. There were 50 patients with totally normal MRI, and 17 had strokes, these strokes were detected as areas of high signal on the images at a maximal b value. There was a drop in the ADC in ischaemic regions: in subacute infarcts, the values were between 0.41 and 0.531 × 10− 3 mm2/s. In old infarcts the ADC was 1.15 × 10− 3 mm2/s. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gave low signal whereas areas in the brain had more intermediate intensities (CSF: 3.00; deep white matter: 0.75, cortical grey matter: 0.80, basal ganglia (thalamus): 0.70 and cerebellar white matter: 0.65 × 10− 3 mm2/s. Anisotropy was detected as areas of restricted diffusion along the tracts. These preliminary data show that DWI can be aquired successfully on a medium-field short-bore system. This should allow the technique to be implemented at more sites, therefore facilitating the diagnosis of acute stroke and rendering early intervention feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050861
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Fast FLAIR sequence for detecting major vascular abnormalities during the hyperacute phase of stroke: a comparison with MR angiography (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 342-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ischaemia ; Brain ; infarct ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the hyperacute phase of stroke, occluded vessels can be seen as high signal on fast-FLAIR images or as absence of flow-related enhancement in maximum-intensity projection (MIP) MR angiography (MRA). To compare these techniques, we examined 53 patients within 6 h of a stroke, using a standardised MRI protocol including fast-FLAIR and 3D time-of-flight TOF MR to detect vessel occlusion or reduced flow corresponding to the suspected ischaemic territory. Brain infarcts were confirmed on MRI after 1–5 days in 41 cases (77 %). The overall accuracy of 3D-TOF MRA was 68 % and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 67 %, 71 %, 87 %, and 43 % respectively. Values for the fast-FLAIR sequence were: 65 %, 85 %, 93 % and 44 %, with an overall accuracy of 70 %. The fast-FLAIR sequence was thus able to show occluded vessels or reduced flow with about the same accuracy as 3D-TOF MRA and enabled better prediction of the ischaemic area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050761
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of calvarial eosinophil granuloma (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 723-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Skull ; Eosinophilic granuloma ; Histiocytosis Langerhans-cell ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the imaging of four pathologically proven calvarial eosinophil granulomas. The diameter of the lesions ranged from 13 to 40 mm; three were biconvex, but the other had a collar-stud appearance. Two lesions were in the frontal and two in the parietal bone. On bone-window CT, a bevelled edge was seen in three cases and button sequestration in one, but no sclerotic rim was shown. Although one lesion had a low-density area, the lesions were slightly denser than grey matter. They were isointense with grey or white matter on T1-weighted MRI and gave heterogeneous high signal on proton-density and T2-weighted images. All enhanced markedly, with a less strongly enhancing portion within them. A tail of dural enhancement and reactive change in the overlying galea or temporal muscle were seen in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050831
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in neuro-Behçet's syndrome: comparison of conventional spin-echo and FLAIR pulse sequences (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 750-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Behçet's syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared the sensitivity of a fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequence with that of a conventional dual-echo spin-echo (SE) sequence) to brain lesions in 20 patients with Behçet's syndrome. They underwent 25 MRI examinations. The images were independently analysed for the number, type and anatomical location of lesions shown. There were 18 abnormal studies (13 initial and 5 follow-up). The FLAIR sequence detected significantly more lesions than the SE TE 80 (P 〈 0.05) and SE TE 20 (P 〈 0.01) sequences. It was particularly useful for demonstrating lesions in the juxtacortical white matter, which accounted for over half the lesions detected on the FLAIR images. Of patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms such as headache, seven had normal and five had abnormal studies. All patients presenting with focal neurological signs had abnormal imaging. We found supratentorial and, in particular, juxtacortical lesions to be more frequent than previously described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050837
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