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  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (690)
  • 1973  (690)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (485)
  • Electron microscopy  (149)
  • Rat  (66)
  • Nuclear reactions
Source
Material
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (690)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of brocresine (NSD-1055) on diamine oxidase activity in plasma, liver, stomach and upper small intestine of rats (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 278 (1973), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Brocresine ; Diamine Oxidase ; Rat ; Plasma ; Liver ; Stomach ; Small Intestine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In male rats DAO was found to be absent in plasma and liver, very low in gastric and high in the upper small intestinal mucosa. 2. Gastric mucosal DAO was completely abolished by 10−8 M Brocresine. In the small intestine inhibition of DAO by Brocresine was dose-dependent, with a concentration of 6.2×10−6 M producing a 50% inhibition of the enzyme. 3. Pretreatment of rats with 100 mg/kg Brocresine i.p. produced a 43% inhibition of DAO after 1 h and an insignificant inhibition by 20% after 4 h. 4. The results suggest that the histidine decarboxylase inhibitor Brocresine is not a very suitable tool for studying the physiological role of histamine by inhibiting its biosynthesis since it also interferes with the histamine catabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501484
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of solvent drag to the intestinal absorption of tritiated water and urea from the jejunum of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 279 (1973), S. 133-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal Absorption ; Tritiated Water ; Urea ; Solvent Drag ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Jejunal loops of anaesthetized rats were perfused with hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic buffered solutions containing tritiated water or 14C-labelled urea. The blood flow of the loop was maintained constant at an intermediate rate (0.8–0.9 ml min−1 g−1 wet tissue weight). The water net flux was determined by means of polyethylene glycol as nonabsorbable marker and amounted up to ±30 μl min−1 g−1 w. w. 2. A positive water net flux (directed towards the blood) increased the absorption rates (disappearance rate from the intestinal lumen, appearance rate in the intestinal venous blood) of tritiated water and urea by maximally 22 and 41%, a negative water net flux (directed towards the gut lumen) diminished it by 12 and 32%. 3. The data were analysed by means of a kinetic model with the water net flux as independent variable. The sieving coefficient ⧫=1-δ was 1.18±0.44 for tritiated water and 0.86±0.11 for urea at pH 6.2. The water net flux influenced the absorption of solutes by interaction within the membranes (solvent drag in a restricted sense) and by changing the volume of blood flowing in the capillaries near the epithelium. This last effect is large for the absorption of the rapidly absorbable tritiated water, but small for the absorption of urea which is absorbed ten-times slower. 4. The water net flux in the intestine depended linearly on the osmotic pressure difference between lumen and blood. The hydraulic permeability was 146–180 ml2 min−1 g−1 osm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503979
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of blood flow on the absorption of 3-O-methylglucose from the jejunum of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 279 (1973), S. 153-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal Blood Flow ; Intestinal Absorption ; 3-O-Methylglucose ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Jejunal loops of anaesthetized rats were perfused (single pass perfusion and recirculation) with buffered solutions containing 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) in two concentrations: below (about 30 μM) and above (about 30 mM) blood glucose concentration. The blood flow, the appearance rate (in the intestinal venous blood) and the disappearance rate (from the intestinal lumen) were determined simultaneously, the accumulation in the gut wall at the end of the experiments. 2. At constant intermediate blood flow the appearance rate and disappearance rate decreased with time. A decrease of the blood flow rate from about 1.8 to about 0.3 ml min−1g−1 diminished the appearance and disappearance rate. An increase of blood flow from about 0.3 to about 1.9 ml min−1g−1 caused no increase of absorption; even a slight decrease was observed. 3. A kinetic analysis of the data showed that the different blood flow dependence of 3-OMG absorption in the experiments with increasing and decreasing blood flow can be explained sufficiently by a decrease of transport capacity with time, presumably due to an altered regional blood flow (decreased villous blood flow rate, unchanged total rate). A postischemic inhibition of 3-OMG absorption was of less importance. 4. The increase in perfusion rate from 0.1 (single pass perfusion) to 10 ml min−1 (recirculation) caused an increase of 3-OMG absorption and tissue accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503980
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of various corticoids on the augmentation of “Gomori-positive” granules in the median eminence of the rat following adrenalectomy (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 280 (1973), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Corticotropin-Releasing Factor ; Corticoids ; Median Eminence ; Rat ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 465 female Wistar rats the influence of an i.m. injection of various natural or synthetic corticoids on the augmentation of “Gomori-positive” granules in the outer layer of the median eminence following bilateral adrenalectomy has been investigated. While the augmentation of the granules is not impaired by progesterone it is inhibited or completely blocked, depending on the dose and the manner of application, by 11-desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisol, 9α-fluorocortisol, prednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone and fluoroformylone. The doses necessary to suppress the augmentation of the granules correspond to those shown by other authors to be required for blocking ACTH-secretion. The inhibitory effect of the investigated corticoids on the augmentation of the granules is related to their antiphlogistic potency. The findings suggest that the amount of the “Gomori-positive” granules in the outer layer of the median eminence of the rat might be used as a parameter of the activity of the corticotropin-releasing factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505354
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of blood flow on the absorption of l- and d-phenylalanine from the jejunum of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 277 (1973), S. 113-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal Blood Flow ; Intestinal Absorption ; l- and d-phenylalanine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Jejunal loops of anaesthetized rats were perfused (single pass and recirculation) with buffered solutions containing l-phenylalanine (about 30 μM and 30 mM) and d-phenylalanine (about 30 μM). The blood flow, the disappearance rate (from the intestinal lumen) and the appearance rate (in the intestinal venous blood) were determined simultaneously, the accumulation in the gut wall at the end of the experiments. 2. At a constant intermediate blood flow the absorption of l- and d-phenylalanine decreased with time. A decrease of blood flow from about 1.6 to 0.25 ml min−1g−1 wet tissue weight diminished the appearance and the disappearance rate of both isomers. An increase of blood flow from 0.25 to 1.6 ml min−1g−1 caused no increase of absorption; on the contrary the appearance and disappearance rate decreased a little. The different dependence of absorption when decreasing and increasing the blood flow rate may be caused by a changed pattern of blood flow in the layers of the gut wall, i.e. the flow rate in the villi may be reduced while the flow rate in the entire wall remains unchanged. 3. In the single pass perfusion experiments the appearance rate of l-phenylalanine increased proportionally to the luminal concentration (30 μM and 30 mM), while the accumulation was relatively smaller at the high concentration. In the recirculation experiments the appearance rate and the accumulation of l-phenylalanine did not increase proportionally. 4. The increase in perfusion rate, from 0.1 (single pass perfusion) to 2–3 and 10 ml min−1 (recirculation), caused an increase of l-phenylalanine absorption and tissue accumulation. 5. At a luminal concentration of about 30 μM the appearance rates of l- and d-phenylalanine were equal, while the tissue accumulation was smaller for the d-isomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501154
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell kinetics and morphology of the growth plate in the normal and hypophysectomized rat (1973)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 13 (1973), S. 113-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Growth ; Epiphyses ; Hypophysectomy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La largeur de la métaphyse tibiale, la zone indifférenciée, la zone sériée et les cellules en dégénerescence ont été observées chez des rats Sprague-Dawley normaux et hypophysectomisés. La production cellulaire de la métaphyse est déterminée sur la base de la croissance osseuse longitudinale déterminée par l'oxytétracycline et la taille des cellules en dégénérescence. La diminution de la croissance osseuse longitudinale, en fonction de l'augmentation de l'âge et après hypophysectomie, est due partiellement, à la diminution de production cellulaire et partiellement à une décroissance de la taille des cellules en dégénérescence dans la métaphyse. L'influence de la production cellulaire et de l'activité mitotique prédomine.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Breite der proximalen Wachstumsplatte der Tibia, deren undifferenzierter und säulenförmiger Zone und die Größe der nahe bei der Metaphyse auftretenden degenerativen Zellen wurden in normalen und hypophysektomierten Sprague-Dawley-Ratten bestimmt. Die Zellproduktion in der Wachstumsplatte wurde aus dem longitudinalen Knochenwachstum berechnet, welches mittels Oxytetracyclin und der Größe der degenerativen Zellen bestimmt wurde. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Abnahme des longitudinalen Knochenwachstums bei zunehmendem Alter und nach Hypophysektomie zum Teil einem Rückgang in der Zellproduktion, zum Teil einer Verminderung der Größe der degenerativen Zellen in der Wachstumsplatte zuzuschreiben ist. Der Einfluß der Zellproduktion, und somit der mitotischen Aktivität, herrscht vor.
    Notes: Abstract The width of the proximal growth plate of the tibia, its undifferentiated and columnar zone and the size of the degenerative cell close to the metaphysis, were determined in normal and hypophysectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. The cell production in the growth plate was calculated from the longitudinal bone growth determined with oxytetracycline and the degenerative cell size. It was found that the decrease in longitudinal bone growth with increasing age and after hypophysectomy, is due partly to a decrease in cell production, and partly to a decrease in degenerative cell size in the growth plate. The influence of cell production and thus the mitotic activity predominates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02015402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of hydrolytic enzymes in early rat and mouse embryos — A reappraisal (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 139 (1973), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cleavage stages ; Egg-cylinder ; Mouse ; Rat ; Hydrolytic enzymes distribution ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time of appearance and the distribution of alkaline and acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase was investigated in cleavage and early postimplantation stages of mouse and rat embryos. Alkaline and acid phosphatase appeared for the first time in 8-cell embryos. Activity of both enzymes grew progressively stronger to blastocyst stage. Acid phosphatase activity was revealed in the form of fine and coarse granules distributed evenly in the cytoplasm. Alkaline phosphatase was predominantly localized in plasma membranes. There was no difference in intensity of reaction between trophoblastic cells and the inner cell mass. After implantation acid phosphatase was localized in coarse granules in the apical portion of entodermal cells. With the appearance of mesoderm, the cells of embryonal entoderm became flattened and devoid of acid phosphatase activity which was restricted to cells of extraembryonic entoderm. The activity of nonspecific esterase was not detected in preimplantation stages. In postimplantation embryos it roughly corresponded to the activity of acid phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase was localized in cell membranes of ectodermal cells. The mesodermal cells of mouse embryo displayed a somewhat weaker activity than ectodermal cells, while in the rat embryo the same layer remained completely nonreactive. Our findings on the distribution of the enzymes mentioned did not reveal any kind of polarity or bilateral symmetry in preimplantation stages. In postimplantation stages acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase are probably bound to lysosomes and play an important role in embryonic nutrition. The absence of alkaline phosphatase from entodermal cells is somewhat puzzling and suggests that the process of molecular transport in those cells is most probably restricted to endocytosis. Our results suggest that all blastomeres are identical with respect to enzyme distribution and that the first signs of differentiation of enzyme content appear with the formation of germ layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00523633
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late prenatal ontogeny of central monoamine neurons in the rat: Fluorescence histochemical observations (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 140 (1973), S. 281-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Central monoamine neurons ; Ontogeny ; Rat ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of all monoamine-containing neuron systems in the rat brain throughout the last seven days of gestation, i.e. from the 15th day to term, crown rump length (CRL) 16 mm to 42 mm, has been followed using the Falck-Hillarp method for fluorescence histochemistry. Serial sagittal, horizontal and transverse sections through whole brains of fetuses from MAO-inhibited mothers have been carefully analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, and drawings of almost all sections depicting specific fluorescence have been collected from 10 of the 16 analyzed brains. Thus, all the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) neuron systems have been mapped, both regarding the cell groups, the formation of axon pathways and the development of terminal plexuses in the whole brain prenatally. Together with a previous report (Olson and Seiger, 1972a) the present data have made it possible to determine the common origin of groups A1–A3, A4–A7, A8–A10, B1–B3 and B4–B9, respectively (nomenclature according to Dahlström and Fuxe, 1964). These findings and an estimation of the number of visible fluorescent cells in all monoamine cell complexes throughout the prenatal period of development have been summarized in a flow-chart. In the full-term fetus all monoamine neurons and their axon pathways, except for the hypothalamic cell groups, are very well developed. Thus, the new neuroanatomical data presented, in all probability hold true also for the adult state. A comprehension of the innervation course of neostriatum by DA nerve terminals from the 14th day of gestation to adult hood is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00525058
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A light microscope study of the cytology and organization of neurons in the simple mammalian nucleus lateralis: Columns and swirls (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 141 (1973), S. 125-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Columns ; Swirls ; Interneurons ; Projection neurons ; Subdivisions ; Morphology ; Golgi ; Nissl ; Axons ; Dendrites ; Cerebellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lateral nucleus in the rat is investigated with several variants of the rapid Golgi method and in Nissl preparations. The neurons are divided into two classes according to their size and the disposition of their axons. The smaller neurons or interneurons have cross sectional areas less than 180 μm2, and short axons that ramify in the vicinity of the cell bodies. Small neurons have also been seen on rare occasions with longer axons that may leave the nucleus. The larger cells (areas greater than 180 μm2) have long axons that leave the nucleus and emit short, beaded, recurrent collaterals. In the rostral and caudal poles of the lateral nucleus, the large projection neurons as well as the small neurons are multipolar with swirled dendritic arborizations. Neurons in the dorsal rim and ventral third of the nucleus have similar dispositions of their dendrites. In the central columnar zone, the projection neurons have dendrites that are arranged in columns directed diagonally across the body of the nucleus in the 4 to 10 o'clock direction in the right lateral nucleus and the 8 to 2 o'clock direction in the left nucleus. A collection of small neurons is generally found in the medial hilus zone. In each part of the lateral nucleus, the neurons are arranged in characteristic ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519881
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations on cell necrosis during formation of the neural tube in mouse embryos (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 141 (1973), S. 251-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Closure of neural tube ; Cell necrosis ; Normal mouse embryos ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spontaneous cell death in the developing brain of 8.5–9 day old mouse embryos has been investigated with the electron microscope. Before closure of the neural tube, areas of cell death are found at the neuro-somatic junction. After closure of the neural tube degenerating cells are found in the dorsal midline of the prospective diencephalon. Ultrastructurally, cell degeneration is marked by chromatin condensation, increase in electron density of the structures in the cytoplasm and, in later stages, by a marked pycnosis of the dying cell. After fragmentation, the necrotic material as well as entire pycnotic cells are phagocytized and digested by cells of the neuroepithelium. An invasion of macrophages has not been observed. The significance of cell necrosis is discussed in relation to the normal formation of the neural tube and to the occurrence of certain induced malformations (exencephalies).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519046
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über ein transitorisches, perinatales subependymales Zellsystem der weißen Ratte (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 141 (1973), S. 275-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebral ventricles ; Perinatal period ; Subependymal cells ; Rat ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gehirne von 93 Ratten (letzte Embryonalwoche bis zum 30. postnatalen Tag) wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Am Ende der zweiten Embryonalwoche treten im mittleren Teil des III. Ventrikels Zellen auf, deren Cytoplasma sich mit einer Perjodsäure-Bisulfit-Aldehydthionin-Methode blau anfärben läßt. Die blauen Zellen werden nach der Geburt auch an anderen Abschnitten des III. Ventrikels sowie am Aquaedukt und IV. Ventrikel ausschließlich in einer lockeren subependymalen Gliazone gefunden. Zwischen dem 14. und 17. Tag nimmt ihre Zahl ab, um den 22. postnatalen Tag sind die blauen Zellen völlig verschwunden. Gleichzeitig wird die subependymale Auflockerungszone dichter. Elektronenmikroskopisch werden die blauen Zellen als fortsatzreiche Elemente identifiziert, die viele Mitochondrien und unterschiedlich große Vacuolen und Cytosomen enthalten. Die Fortsätze umschließen subependymale Räume, die ein feinflockiges Material enthalten. Die Zellen werden als mikrogliäre Elemente angesehen, ihre Funktion mit dem Verschwinden der subependymalen Auflockerungszone in Verbindung gebracht.
    Notes: Summary The brains of 93 rats (of between the last week of pregnancy up to the 30th postnatal day) were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. At the end of the second week of pregnancy, subependymal cells, the cytoplasm of which is blue after staining with a periodic-acid-bisulfit-aldehydethionine-method, begin to appear in the middle part of the IIIrd ventricle. After birth, the blue cells can also be demonstrated in other parts of the IIIrd ventricle as well as in the wall of aquaeduct and the IVth ventricle. The cells are exclusively found in a loosely textured subependymal tissue. Between the 14th and the 17th day the number of the blue cells decreases and around the 22nd postnatal day they disappear completely. Simultaneously, the texture of the subependymal tissue becomes more compact. The blue cells can be identified by electron microscopy. They are characterized by the presence of several processes and contain many mitochondria, different sized vacuoles and cytosomes. The cell processes enclose subependymal cavities containing a loose flocculose material. The cells are considered as microglia cells. Their function is considered in relation to the disappearance of the loose texture of the subependymal zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519048
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cytology of neurons and their dendrites in the simple mammalian nucleus lateralis an electron microscope study (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 141 (1973), S. 289-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Synapses ; Rat ; Interneuron ; Axons ; Perikarya ; Neuroglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Profiles of large neurons in the lateral nucleus range from 16 μm to 35 μm in diameter with dimpled nuclei, large Nissl bodies, and well developed Golgi apparatus. Two types of perikarya are distinguished, those that are smooth and those with irregular somatic and dendritic protuberances. About 86% of all large neuronal somata are covered with axosomatic synapses, predominantly with terminals of Purkinje axons and a few belonging to axons of the small neurons. The remaining 14% have no axosomatic synapses. The thick, fleshy dendrites of these cells are covered with terminals, the majority of which synapse directly upon the dendritic shaft. A few are present on spines. The initial segment of the large neuron is thick and robust and receives synapses upon its shaft or upon a spinous projection. The small neurons measure less than 12 μm in diameter and have very lobulated nuclei in a sparse cytoplasm characterized by small Nissl bodies and a poorly elaborated Golgi apparatus. About 52% of all small neuronal somata bear no synapses whereas the remaining 48% are covered with axosomatic synapses, mainly from the axons of Purkinje cells and a few axons of other small cells. The slender long dendrites of both large and small cells bear synapses with six classes of axons in the neuropil. Synaptic protuberances of two varieties occur on the surfaces of both perikarya and dendrites, (a) dome-shaped ones capped with a pronounced asymmetrical synaptic junction and (b) ones with thin long necks and bulbous heads having synapses on both parts. Frond-like dendritic excrescences are borne on the processes of some small and large neurons and they are postsynaptic to many axon terminals clustered around them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519049
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über glykoproteidhaltige amöboide Zellen im embryonalen Hühnergehirn (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 142 (1973), S. 341-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Glycoproteid containing cells ; Microglia ; Brain development ; Chicken ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Zeit der embryonalen und fetalen Entwicklung des Hühnchens treten vorübergehend runde, vacuolisierte, freie Zellen auf, die sich durch starken Gehalt und Glykoproteiden auszeichnen. Nachweis mit der Perjodsäure-Bisulfit-Aldehydthionin-Methode nach Specht (1970). Der Vergleich von Entwicklungsstadien zwischen dem 4. und dem 17. Bebrütungstag zeigt, daß die Zellen im Mesenchym entstehen und mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit sowohl über das Ventrikelsystem als auch über die äußere Hirnoberfläche in das Gehirn einwandern. Die Zellen werden hauptsächlich in aufgelockerten, flüssigkeitsreichen Hirngebieten gefunden. Vermutlich geht die vorübergehende Auflockerung dieser Hirngebiete, die als Reservevolumen für nachfolgende histogenetische Wachstumsprozesse (Axonwachstum, Myelinisierung) verstanden wird, auf die Träger der PBA-positiven Zellen zurück (Ausschleusung von Glykoproteiden aus den PBA-positiven Zellen). Im gleichen Zeitraum bilden auch Ependymzellen Glykoproteide.
    Notes: Summary Round, vacuolated amoeboid cells with a high content of glycoproteids appear temporarily during the embryonic development of the chicken's brain. The cells were identified by the periodic-acid-bisulfit-aldehydthionine-method (Specht, 1970). A comparison of the developmental stages (4.–17. day of incubation) of the cells show that they originate in the mesenchym and probably immigrate by way of the ventricles as well as from the outer brain surface. The cells are mainly found in brain areas containing large, loosely structured extracellular spaces. The large extracellular gaps of these areas are probably developed in response to glycoproteid secretion by PBA-positive cells, as a preparatory measure for subsequent histogenetic growth processes (axon growth with myelinisation). At the same time glycoproteids are also produced by ependymal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519136
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helical, striated rootlets in the midpiece of a teleost fish spermatozoon (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 140 (1973), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Cross-striated fibers ; Rootlets ; Midpiece ; Fish spermatozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the 45 μ long midpiece of the spermatozoon of Pantodon buchholzi nine helical, cross-striated fibers run from one end to the other and parallel nine helical mitochondrial threads; both fibers and mitochondrial threads surrounding the axoneme. The fibers have a major period about 750–900 Å and are very similar to ciliary rootlets and other cross-striated structures in terms of which they are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520714
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uterine stromal morphology of the spayed, virgin rat when prepared with progesterone and oestrogen for implantation (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 141 (1973), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Uterus ; Stroma ; Ultrastructure ; Sex steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of progesterone and oestrogen on the central uterine stroma has been examined in order to analyze what changes occur when the uterus is hormonally prepared for implantation. Both progesterone and oestrogen, when given separately, cause nucleolar enlargement and growth of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. However, after progesterone treatment the nuclei are large and spherical whereas they are spindle-shaped after oestrogen treatment. When oestrogen is administered to the progesterone-treated rat little change occurs in the stromal morphology. There is little morphological support to the view that oestrogen acts on the stroma to increase endometrial sensitivity. Further, progesterone seems to stimulate the synthesis of RNA and of cellular protein only in the stromal cell while oestrogen has a similar effect in all cell types of the uterus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519883
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of myotendinous junctions in Myxine and rat specializations between the plasma membrane and the lamina densa (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 142 (1973), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Myotendinous junction ; Myxine and rat ; Lamina densa ; Plasma membrane ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myotendinous junctions in the parietal muscle of the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) and in the diaphragm of rat were studied with the electron microscope. The ends of muscle fibers posses deep tube-like invaginations and also finger-like processes. Terminal I-filaments of the myofibrils attach to the plasma membrane of the invaginations. Collagen fibrils of the tendon attach to the external aspect of the lamina densa. The lamina densa and also collagen fibrils continue into the invaginations. Specializations are present in the zone between the plasma membrane and the lamina densa of the invaginations, being most conspicuous in Myxine. These consist of 60 Å wide spine-like or thread-like profiles 150 Å apart, connecting with both the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and the lamina densa. Spatially, they form parallel circular ridges oriented transversely in stacks along the invaginations. Similar spine-like profiles are also discernible in the invaginations of rat muscle fibers. In rat, however, their spatial arrangement (ridges or fibrils) remains unknown. These specializations may serve to attach the lamina densa to the plasma membrane, and may be important for the transmission of force from muscle fibers to tendon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519878
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of lamellated mechanoreceptors in the skin of reptiles (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1973), S. 81-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Mechanoreceptors ; Skin ; Reptiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lamellierte Receptoren in der Haut von Reptilien werden licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch beschrieben. Rekonstruktionen aus Schnittserien haben gezeigt, daß sie 1. als freie lamellierte Endigungen, 2. als lamellierte eingekapselte Endigungen und 3. als lamellierte eingekapselte Endigungen mit Kapselraum vorkommen. Sie haben eine Spindelform und können bis zu 0,5 mm lang sein. Die innere Lamellierung des eingekapselten Receptors mit Kapselraum vom Kaiman zeigt strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten zur inneren Hülle des Vater-Pacinischen Körperchens. Das Lamellensystem der Receptoren von Natter und Waran zeigt Parallelen zum Bau des inner core des Herbstschen Körperchens der Vögel. Die lamellierten Receptoren bilden einen regelmäßigen Bestandteil der sensiblen Innervation von Tastpunkten der Reptilienhaut.
    Notes: Summary Lamellated receptors in the skin of reptiles were studied with the light and electron microscope. As revealed by reconstructions of serial sections, there are three types of lamellated receptors: 1. lamellated free endings, 2. lamellated encapsulated endings and 3. lamellated encapsulated endings with a “fluid-filled” capsule space (outer core). The spindle shaped endings have a length of up to 0.5 mm. In Caiman, the lamellae (inner core) of the encapsulated receptor with a capsule space have a structure similar to that of the inner core of the Vater-Pacinian corpuscle. The lamellation (inner core) of the terminals of Natrix and Varan shows similarities with the inner core of the Herbst corpuscle. Lamellated receptors usually form an element of the sensory innervation of touch papillae in the reptile skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519912
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the ontogenesis of the caudal neurosecretory system in the roach, Leuciscus rutilus (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 139 (1973), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Caudal neurosecretory system ; Ontogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Teleost fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogenesis of the urophysial system (caudal neurosecretory system) in the roach (Leuciscus rutilus) was ultrastructurally analyzed. In newly hatched spawns the urophysial components are differentiated in the form of neurosecretory perikarya, axons and terminals and display the characteristics of a functional system although the neurohemal area is not developed. It is assumed that the system is active simultaneously with the preopticohypophysial system during ontogenesis. On the contrary, organogenesis of the urophysis is late, and only at the 14 mm stage do the neurosecretory axons first penetrate the meninx to participate in the formation of the organ. Assumed aminergic cell types associated with the urophysial system are differentiated at the time of hatching, thus indicating a functional relationship. A secretory ependyma releasing its granules into the central canal is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00523639
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Entwicklung des Bewegungsapparates der Rattenzunge im Licht- und Elektronenmikroskop (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 140 (1973), S. 153-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Tongue ; Myogenesis ; Neurogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die Entwicklung des Bewegungsapparates der Rattenzunge im Verhältnis zu morphogenetischen Vorgängen im Gesichtsbereich, besonders zur Gaumenentwicklung, beurteilen zu können, wurde die Zungenanlage des Rattenembryos ab Tag 13 p.c. bis Tag 6 p.p. lichtmikroskopisch, histochemisch und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. In einem Blastem von embryonalen Mesenchymzellen, Capillaren und Neuritenbündeln differenzieren sich ab Tag 15 p.c. Myoblasten, die miteinander zu mehrkernigen Muskelfasern verschmelzen. In deren Cytoplasma bilden sich an Ribosomenketten Myofilamente, die zu Myofibrillen mit Z-Streifen organisiert werden. Ab Tag 19 p.c. ordnet sich die Querstreifung zu Registern, das Transversolongitudinalsystem lagert sich an. Neuritenbündel legen sich quer zur Längsachse an die Muskelfasern an und ab Tag 17 p.c. finden sich myoneuronale Kontakte. Typische motorische Endplatten wurden bis Tag 6 p.p. nicht gefunden. Zum Zeitpunkt des Gaumenschlusses am Tag 17 p.c. sind geordnete Muskelfasersysteme, primitive myoneuronale Kontakte mit Acetylcholinvesikeln und ein typisches Enzymmuster der Acetylcholinesterase ausgebildet. Damit bestehen vor Schluß des harten Gaumens die strukturellen und enzymatischen Voraussetzungen für eine gerichtete Bewegung der Zunge. Die Hypothese, daß motorische Aktivität zum Gaumenschluß notwendig sei, wird mit Beschreibungen embryonaler Bewegungen, mit der Literatur klinisch-pathologischer Befunde der Gaumenspalte und teratologischen Experimenten verglichen. Danach scheint ein direkter kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen Bewegungen im Kopfbereich und Gaumenschluß nicht vorzuliegen.
    Notes: Summary In order to be able to evaluate the development of the motor system of the rat tongue with respect to the morphogenetic processes in the region of the face, especially palate development, we studied the tongue anlage of the rat embryo from day 13 p.c. to day 6 p.p. histochemically and under the light and electron microscope. From day 15 p.c. onwards myoblasts differentiated out of a blastema consisting of embryonic mesenchymal cells, capillaries and neurite bundles. The myoblasts then fused together to form multinuclear muscle fibres. On the ribosome chains in the cytoplasm myofilaments were formed, which were then organized to myofibrils with Z-lines. From day 19 p.c. onwards the cross-striations came to lie next to each other and the transversolongitudinal system was added. Neurite bundles were added at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the muscle fibres, and from day 17 p.c. myoneural contacts were found. No typical motor endplates were found up to day 6 p.p. At the time of palate closure on day 17 p.c. regular muscle-fibre systems, primitive myoneural contacts with acetylcholine vesicles and a typical acetylcholine-esterase enzyme pattern had been developed. Therefore before closure of the hard palate the structural and enzymatic preconditions existed for a coordinated movement of the tongue. The hypothesis that motor activity is necessary for palate closure is compared with descriptions of embryonic movements, with clinical-pathological results in papers on the cleft palate and with teratogenic experiments. In this respect there does not seem to be any direct causal connection between movements in the head region and palate closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520328
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    The cortical plate and molecular layer of the late rat fetus (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 141 (1973), S. 3-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: CNS ; Cortical plate ; Neuroblasts ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the cortical plate of the late prenatal rat fetus the neuroblasts can be considered to be of three types: mature neuroblasts which are prominent in the lower levels of the cortical plate and have some of the cytoplasmic and nuclear features of neurons, immature neuroblasts that have recently completed their migrations into the cortical plate, and migrating neuroblasts that are still in the process of moving to their definitive positions. Both of these latter types have darker cytoplasm than the mature neuroblasts. All of the neuroblasts have an apical process that extends directly towards the pial surface of the cortical plate and a basal process that is directed towards the intermediate zone of the developing hemisphere. In Golgi preparations some of these basal processes, particularly those of neuroblasts situated in the lower levels of the cortical plate, seem to have formed axons that pass through the intermediate zone to enter the developing white matter, in which they turn at right angles away from, and rarely toward, the midline. Other elements traversing the cortical plate are the ascending processes of spongioblasts that branch in the molecular layer and form expansions at the surface of the hemisphere. In the molecular layer the spongioblast terminal branches intertwine with the apical tufts of the ascending neuroblast processes and with thin processes that have the features of axons, to form a loose neuropil. In the cortical plate the spongioblast processes are usually closely and preferentially surrounded by the dark migrating neuroblasts and by the immature neuroblasts. Both of these latter may partially encompass spongioblast processes. Hence it is concluded that the spongioblast processes act as guides along which the migrating neuroblasts ascend through the cortical plate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00523363
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    The fusion of the endocardial cushions in the heart of the chick embryo (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 141 (1973), S. 55-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Heart ; Endothelial cushion ; Fusion ; Cell interaction ; Electron microscopy ; Chick embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an investigation concerning the so-called “fusion” of the atrioventricular endocardial cushions in the heart of the chick embryo the following facts were established: 1. The endocardial cushions in the chick embryo do really fuse. However, the region of fusion is less extensive than is generally accepted. 2. No regressive cellular changes were observed in the fusing endothelia with light or electron microscopy. On the contrary, mitotic activity and possibly even erythroblastic transformation were observed in the endothelium as well as in the subendothelial mesenchyme. 3. Under the light microscope, the process of fusion is characterized by interdigitation of the endothelial cells. In later stages the endothelial character of these cells disappears in such a way as to give rise to one single mesenchymal cushion mass. 4. Under the electron microscope the fusing endothelial cells form extremely long tonguelike cytoplasmic processes which protrude freely into the lumen where they may fuse with similar processes from other endothelial cells of the same side. In this way small compartments become segregated from the lumen. the plasma membrane of the processes may also fuse with the plasma membrane of the cell from which they originate. Alternating persistence and disappearance of the plasma membrane gives rise to many membrane-lined intracellular vesicles. 5. The numerous myelin figures found in and between the endothelial surfaces appear to represent the blind and empty membranous linings stripped off from cytoplasmic processes. The intracellular myelin figures are probably incorporated into the cells in the same way as described above. Apart from this form of endocytosis, signs of conventional micropinocytotic activity are present. 6. The density of endoplasmic reticulum suggests intensified protein synthetic activity, in which membrane-bound as well as free ribosomes and polysomes seem to participate. Moreover, increased mitochondrial density in the cells in the fusion region is evident. 7. Specialized junctional complexes between the plasma membranes in the form of desmosome-like junctions are relatively scarce. 8. Fusion of cytoplasmic tongues of endothelial cells with adjacent endothelial cells of the same side or of the opposite side is responsible for the exchange of large quantities of cytoplasma between endothelial cells and, as a consequence, for displacement of cell boundaries without loss of cell individuality.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00523365
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Beziehungen zwischen der Verzweigungsdichte und Länge von Capillaren im Neocortex der Ratte während der postnatalen Entwicklung (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 141 (1973), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Capillaries ; Endothelial cell ; Ontogenesis ; Morphometry ; Cerebral cortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während der postnatalen Entwicklung wurde die Capillarlänge im Einheitsvolumen (CL), die Verzweigungsdichte (N⊥) und die mittlere Länge der Capillarendothelzellen (LE) in der Lamina IV des senso-motorischen Cortex von insgesamt 64 Rattengehirnen bestimmt. Als Capillaren wurden alle Gefäße unter 8 μm Durchmesser akzeptiert. Die CL bestimmten wir in 1–2 μm dicken Epon-Schnitten nach der Methode von Saltikov. Die Verzweigungen wurden durch Tusche-Gelatine-Injektion dargestellt und in Kryostat-Schnitten visuell gezählt. Im Verlauf des postnatalen Capillarwachstums, das die Bildung von Verzweigungen durch Sprossung und die Verlängerung der bestehenden Geäße umfaßt, nimmt die CL von ca. 200 mm auf 1100 mm pro mm3 Gewebe zu. Die Verzweigungszahl im gleichen Volumen steigt von 1200 kurz nach der Geburt auf ein Maximum von 11500 am Tag 20 und fällt dann allmählich auf den adulten Wert von 9500 ab. Am Ende der ersten Woche p.n. bewirkt die intensive Capillarsprossung eine starke Erhöhung der N⊥. Darauf folgt in der zweiten Woche p.n. die schnelle Zunahme der CL. Die Veränderungen der N⊥ laufen parallel mit Veränderungen im oxidativen Metabolismus. Aus dem Verhältnis N⊥ zu CL läßt sich der Vernetzungsgrad der Capillaren, d.h. die Verzweigungszahl pro mm Capillarlänge, berechnen. Dieser erreicht zwischen Tag 10 und 20 p.n. ein Maximum und sinkt danach bis zum erwachsenen Tier wieder beträchtlich ab. 1 Monat p.n. sind das Wachstum und die Reifung der Hirnrinde bei der Ratte weitgehend abgeschlossen. Die Bildung neuer Sprosse hört auf, und das weitere Kapillarwachstum erfolgt weniger durch Zellteilung als vielmehr durch Verlängerung des Endothels. Die Phase der intensiven Capillarsprossung entspricht zeitlich der vulnerablen Periode der Hirnentwicklung (“brain-growth-spurt”, nach Dobbing). Unsere Befunde lassen die Vermutung zu, daß in dieser Periode Störungen der Capillarsprossung indirekt das weitere Hirnwachstum beeinflussen können.
    Notes: Summary The average length of the capillary endothelial cells (L E ), the capillary length (CL) and the number of vascular ramifications (N⊥) per unit volume in layer IV of the sensorymortor cortex from the brains of 64 Sprague Dawley rats were determined during postnatal development. All vessels less than 8 μm in diameter were accepted as capillaries. The CL was calculated according to the method of Saltikov, by counting capillary profiles in 1–2μm Epon sections. The number of ramifications per test volume were counted in 30 μm frozen sections of India-ink injected brains. Capillary growth involves both the formation of ramifications by sprouting, and the elongation of the existing vessels. During the postnatal period CL increases from 200 to 1100 mm per cubic mm tissue, the extent of branching per unit volume rises from 1200 at birth to a peak of 11500 per cubic mm at day 20 after birth, and then declines to 9500 in adults. Intensive capillary sprouting results in a marked increase in N⊥ at the end of the first week, followed by a rapid increase in CL in the second week. The changes in the ramification density run parallel with the changes in aerobic metabolism during postnatal development. The ratio N⊥/CL, i. e. the number of ramifications per mm capillary length, corresponds to the degree of arborization of the capillary net. This value rises to a maximum level between days 10 and 20 after birth and declines until maturity is attained. After 1 month the growth of rat brain is almost accomplished and the cortical structure has attained its adult characteristics. The formation of new ramifications ceases and further capillary growth occurs to a larger extent by elongation of endothelial cells and not by cell division. The phase of extensive capillary sprouting corresponds to the vulnerable period of brain development (called “brain-growth-spurt” by Dobbing). Our findings lead to the assumption that disturbances during the period of capillary proliferation can indirectly influence further brain development
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519886
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    Studies on dentinogenesis in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 142 (1973), S. 103-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dentinogenesis ; Dentinal globules ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Calcification ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary At the submicroscopic level, extracellular globular membrane-delimited structures have been observed in the matrix in early dentin formation in the rat. Within these “dentinal globules”, needle-like crystallites are found before apatite crystals appear in the filamentous-amorphous ground substance. In sections incubated for alkaline phosphatase, reaction products are closely associated with these globules. The possible role of the globules in initial dentin formation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519879
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis of the myoneural junctions after immobilization of the muscle in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1973), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neuromuscular junction ; Development ; Cholinesterases ; Muscle ; Immobilization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immobilization of the tibialis anterior muscle of the newborn rat was caused by amputation of the hind limb at the talocrural joint. Subsequent muscular atrophy was measured by weighing the muscle and the myoneural morphogenesis in the disused muscle was studied in light and electron microscope. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE; E.C.3.1.1.7) and nonspecific cholinesterase (Ns. ChE; E.C.3.1.1.8) activity at the myoneural junction was followed histochemically. It was observed that the myoneural morphogenesis proceeded normally in the immobilized and atrophied muscle. Cholinesterase activities at the developing myoneural junction were identical on both the immobilized and the contralateral control side. The myoneural morphogenesis may be solely controlled by the nerve since, at the light of the present observations, the abnormally diminished function of the muscle seems to have no effect on the myoneural development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519906
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  • 25
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    Electronic Resource
    S-100 protein in methyl- and ethylnitrosourea induced tumors of the rat nervous system (1973)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 24 (1973), S. 287-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: S-100 Protein ; Experimental Neurogenic Tumors ; Nitrosourea ; Rat ; Complement Fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary S-100 protein, a soluble protein restricted to the nervous system, was measured by complement fixation in 51 neurogenic and non-neurogenic tumors produced by either methylnitrosourea or ethylnitrosourea in three different strains of rats. Nineteen of the 51 neurogenic tumors were neoplasms of the central nervous system (18 of the brain, 1 of the spinal cord). They were diagnosed morphologically as 5 mixed gliomas, 4 anaplastic gliomas, 4 glioependymomas, 1 ependymoma, 3 gliosarcomas, and 2 unclassified tumors. With the exception of one anaplastic glioma and one gliosarcoma, all other central nervous system tumors contained S-100 protein, ranging from 0.005–0.13% of the total 35000 g supernatant protein. S-100 protein was also demonstrated in 21 of the 22 tumors of the peripheral nervous system, originating from the trigeminal nerves, the spinal roots, and from peripheral nerves. The average S-100 protein content of these tumors was 0.2% (range 0.02–1.6%). A possible correlation between S-100 protein content and tumor differentiation must be evaluated. S-100 protein was detected in only one of 10 neoplasms morphologically classified as non-neurogenic (7 sarcomas, 2 carcinomas, and 1 hemangioendothelioma). On the basis of its S-100 protein content, one tumor was reclassified as a neurosarcoma. The sensitivity and the high degree of specificity of the S-100 protein assay makes it a useful biochemical tool for the identification of neurogenic tumors. The presence of S-100 protein must be considered as a definitive indication for neural cell participation in neoplastic growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685585
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    Schwerer Arzneimittel-Ikterus durch das Tuberculostaticum Isonicotinsäurehydrazid (INH) bei einem Kleinkind mit Phenylketonurie (1973)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 115 (1973), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Phenylketonuria ; Seizures ; Isoniazid ; Jaundice ; Electron microscopy ; Degeneration of organelles in liver cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einem jordanischen Kleinkind, das wegen einer Phenylketonurie mit cerebralen Krampfanfällen seit 1 Jahr mit Primidon und Ospolot behandelt und seit 7 Monaten mit einer phenylalaninarmen Diät unter Zusatz eines Aminosäurengemisches ernährt wurde, entwickelte sich nach 3 monatiger INH-Medikation ein hepatocellulärer Arzneimittelikterus. Dieser erwies sich klinisch und histologisch als reine Form einer toxischen Hepatose ohne entzündliche Symptome. Die elektronemmikroskopische Untersuchung von Leberbiopsiematerial 2 Wochen nach dem Höhepunkt des Ikterus (28 mg% Gesamtbilirubin im Serum) erlaubte den Nachweis eines intracellulären Transportdefektes des bereits konjugierten Bilirubins in den Leberepithelien. Das Pigment wurde analog dem Dubin-Johnson-Syndrom in peribiliären Lysosomen gespeichert. Weitere für die Pathogenese aufschlußreiche Befunde wurden an den Organellen der Hepatocyten erhoben: Hydropische Schwellung des hypertrophierten glatten endoplasmatischen Reticulums bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion des rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulums, Glykogenschwund und Degeneration der Mitochondrien. Bei der Kontrollbiopsie nach 1/2 Jahr waren alle Befunde bis auf die lysosomale Speicherung normalisiert.
    Notes: Abstract After being treated with isonicotinic acid hydrazine (INH) for 3 months a 3-year-old Jordanian boy with phenylketonuria developed severe hepatocellular jaundice. In addition to INH the patient had received Primidone and Ospolot® for 1 year and a PKU diet for 7 months without any side effects. The liver biopsy 2 weeks after the peak of jaundice revealed no signs of hepatitis on light microscopy. An electron microscope investigation showed a defect in the intracellular transport system of bilirubin; bile pigment was stored in peribiliar lysosomes in the same way as in the Dubin-Johnson Syndrome. The smooth endoplasmatic reticulum was increased and vacuolized, whereas rough endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria, and glycogen were reduced. In a control biopsy nearly 6 months after the jaundice the morphologic alterations of the liver had normalized with the exception of the lysosomal changes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00438990
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Arzneimittelbedingte Hyposiderämie bei ratten (1973)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 30 (1973), S. 187-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Plasma Iron Level ; Side Effect of Drugs ; Rat ; Amphetamine ; Chlorpromazin ; Haloperidolum ; Guanethidin ; Reserpine ; α-Methyltyrosine. ; Plasmaeisenspiegel ; Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen ; Ratte ; Amphetamin ; Chlorpromazin ; Raloperidol ; Guanethidin ; Reserpin ; α-Methyltyrosin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 4 Std nach einmaliger Gabe von 24 mg/kg d,l-Amphetamin i.p. kommt es bei Ratten zu einem Abfall des Eisens im Plasma um 40 bis 60 %. Die Reaktion ist nicht mit dem amphetaminbedingten Anstieg von Körpertemperatur und Skeletmuskelarbeit zu erklären, da sie durch Vorbehandlung mit α-Methyltyrosin, Chlorpromazin, Haloperidol, Guanethidin und Reserpin nicht unterdrückt werden kann. Jedes der zur Vorbehandlung verwandten Medikamente löst selbst bei entsprechend hoher Dosierung eine Hyposiderämie aus. 4 Std nach einmaliger Gabe von 200 mg/kg α-Methyltyrosin vermindert sich der Eisenspiegel im Plasma um 55 %, nach 10 mg/kg Chlorpromazin um 11 %, nach 5 mg/kg Haloperidol um 28 % und nach 20 mg/kg Guanethidin um 50 %. Dieser Effekt ist am ausgeprägtesten mit einer Plasmaeisenverminderung um 69 % 20 Std nach Gabe von 20 mg/kg Reserpin. Als möglicher Pathomechanismus der arzneimittelbedingten Hyposiderämie wird die Wirkung der untersuchten sämtlich zentralnervös aktiven Medikamente als “non-specific stressfull agents” sowie der durch ihre toxische Konzentration in Gang gesetzte Entgiftungsmechanismus im RES diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Four hours following a single dose of 25 mg/kg of d, 1-Amphetamine in rats, a 40 to 60 % drop of plasma iron level occurred. This reaction cannot be explained by the Amphetamine-induced rise in body temperature and motor activity, since when pretreated with α-Methyltyrosine, Chlorpromazin, Haloperidolum, Guanethidin and Reserpin this was not observable. All the drugs applied for pretreatment in adequately high doses also induced hyposideremia. Four hours following a single dose of 200 mg/kg of α-Methyltyrosine, plasma iron level was reduced by 55 %, after 10 mg/kg of Chlorpromazin by 11 %, after 5 mg/kg of Haloperidolum by 28 % and after 20 mg/kg of Guanethidin by 50 %. The most pronounced effect (69 % fall) was obtained by 20 hour pretreatment with 20 mg/kg of Reserpin. As possible pathomechanism of the drug induced hyposideremia the applied drugs may be regarded as “non-specific stressfull agents”, or as another possibility, the detoxifying mechanism in RES induced by toxic concentrations of the applied drugs can be considered as responsible for this phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426042
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Maturation postnatale du tractus optique chez le Rat: Identification et quantification de la névroglie sur radio-autographies (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1973), S. 466-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neuroglia ; Radio-autography ; Myelination ; Optic tract ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Une étude, basée sur l'identification et la quantification histologique des cellules névrogliques, a été entreprise dans le tractus optique du Rat sur radio-autographies après injection de thymidine tritiée. Ce bilan a été effectué entre 2 jours et demi et 20 jours après la naissance. D'un point de vue qualitatif, trois catégories cellulaires peuvent être distinguées: les oligodendrocytes, euxmêmes subdivisés en trois classes (grands, moyens, petits), les astrocytes et d'autres varieties cellulaires parmi lesquelles la microglie. D'un point de vue quantitatif, les oligodendrocytes, en particulier les petits, sont largement majoritaires. En effet, sur toute la période examinée les oligodendrocytes représentent près de 81% de la population totale. Sur le plan radio-autographique, l'index de marquage prédomine dans la classe des moyens oligodendrocytes. Ces résultats sont discutés, notamment par rapport aux processus de myélinisation dont les phénomènes de gliose constituent le préambule direct.
    Notes: Summary A study based on the histological identification and quantifying of the neuroglia cells, was carried out in the optic tract of the Rat on radioautographs after injection of tritiated thymidine. The assessment was made two and a half days and twenty days after birth. Qualitatively speaking, three cellular categories can be distinguished: the oligodendrocytes, themselves divided into three sorts (big, medium., small) the astrocytes and other cellular varieties including the microglia. Quantitatively speaking the oligodendrocytes, in particular the small ones, are decidedly more numerous. In fact, over the whole period under consideration the oligodendrocytes represent nearly 81% of the total population. From the point of view of the radio-autography the labeling index predominates in the medium oligodendrocyte group. These results are discussed with reference in particular to the myelination process which is preceded directly by the phenomena of gliosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234473
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    Electrotonic coupling between neurons in the rat lateral vestibular nucleus (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1973), S. 255-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Lateral vestibular nucleus ; Giant cells ; Gap junctions ; Electrotonic coupling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Correlation of morphological and electrophysiological data strongly suggest that in rat, the giant cells of the lateral vestibular nucleus (L.V.N.) are electrotonically coupled. 1. in addition to “active zones” large terminals synapsing on the perikaryon and/or the main dendritic trunk of the cells bear “gap” junctions which are interpreted as low electrical resistance pathways between neurons. 2. electrical activity of the giant cells was recorded intracellularly as the vestibulo-spinal tract was stimulated. Graded antidromic stimulation produced graded antidromic depolarizations (G.A.Ds) in 69% of cells with high threshold axons. 3. the latency of the G.A.Ds was too short to allow for chemical transmission through afferents or recurrent collaterals. 4. collision experiments demonstrated that directly evoked spikes blocked the antidromic spikes but did not block the G.A.Ds which thus were accounted for by activation of cells others than the impaled ones. 5. lesion experiments indicated that afferent fibers from the spinal cord terminate exclusively in the dorsal part of the L.V.N. Since G.A.Ds were recorded all throughout the nucleus, they were not excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSPs) from spinal afferents. 6. when the strength of the spinal cord stimulation was increased EPSPs were also generated but they were distinct from the G.A.Ds by their latencies, time course and maximum amplitude. 7. since no direct contact is observed between neurons it is inferred that, as in other documented cases, coupling between giant cells is mediated by way of presynaptic fibers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233330
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    Demonstration of nigro-neostriatal tract by degeneration silver method (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nigro-neostriatal tract ; Rat ; Survival time ; Fink-Heimer method ; Terminal degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the morphological demonstration of the nigro-neostriatal tract, there might be some discrepancies between the results by the histofluorescence method and by the degeneration silver method. The present investigation was undertaken to fill the gap by using the modified Nauta Method (Fink-Heimer) to rats surviving for varying periods after unilateral destruction of the substantia nigra. With survival time of 2–3 days, the Fink-Heimer method could demonstrate evenly and densely distributed argyrophilic spheroidal granules in the ipsilateral caudate putamen. These degenerating granules might represent the terminal degeneration of the nigro-neostriatal tract and probably correspond to the result by the histofluorescence method. From 4 days on the terminal degeneration rapidly decreased in amounts or disappeared, leaving a moderate number of beaded coarse fibers, which remained till 2 weeks. The result indicates the possibilities that the degeneration silver method could also be applicable to the demonstration of amine fibers by choosing staining condition and survival time optimal to each animal species and fiber tract.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235022
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    Normal plasma growth hormone levels in growth-retarded weanling rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 18 (1973), S. 374-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Growth retardation ; Hypothalamus ; Dorsomedial lesions ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Weanling rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions destroying the areas of the ventromedial (VMN) and dorsomedial (DMN) hypothalamic nuclei, respectively. Trunk blood was collected at sacrifice (Experiment 1 and 2∶ 31 days, Experiment 3∶ 14 days) for the determination of plasma growth hormone (GH) by radioimmunoassay. Rats with DMN lesions showed consistently normal to slightly elevated plasma GH levels while animals with VMN lesions showed significantly reduced plasma GH levels. Linear growth was reduced by both types of hypothalamic lesions but body weight gains and food intake were reduced only in the DMN lesioned rats. Carcass fat was greatly elevated in VMN lesioned rats, moderately elevated in one experiment in the DMN animals and normal in another experiment. These data confirm a previous hypothesis that growth retardation in DMN rats is not due to low circulating GH level but rather represents a hypocaloric-type dwarfism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239106
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  • 32
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    Differentiation of principal cells of the rat lateral geniculate body into two groups; fast and slow cells (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 242-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Past and slow principal cells ; Recurrent inhibition ; Lateral geniculate body ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In urethane-anesthetized albino rats studies were made on mass potentials and/or unit activities of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) in response to single shock stimulation of optic tract (OT) and visual cortex (VC). The previous finding that LGB mass responses to stimulation of the optic nerve comprise at least two postsynaptic waves (r1 and r2) with different peak times was confirmed by OT stimulation. It was found that the r1 wave had a lower threshold and a more rapid recovery process than the r2 wave. Unit responses of principal (P) cells to maximal OT stimulation consisted of short-latency, single spikes (initial spike, IS), followed by long-latency, grouped discharges (late discharge, LD) repeated more than twice (LD1, LDr2 and so forth). Spontaneous discharges were almost completely suppressed after IS and each LD, suggesting that following these evoked discharges P cells underwent a phase of depressed excitability. The latency histogram of IS based upon 212 P cells had two peaks well-corresponding in time to the peaks of the r1 and r2 waves of the mass response, respectively. P cells were divided into the fast and slow groups according to whether their ISs occurred earlier or later than the trough separating the r1 and r2 waves. Typically, the fast cells had lower thresholds than the slow cells. The duration of the post-excitatory depression following IS and LD1 were shorter in the fast cells than in the slow cells. This same was found true with regard to the duration of depressed excitability following the antidromic firing. Examining the response patterns to OT stimulation of weak intensities, one characteristic difference between the two groups of P cells was found; the fast cells showed the IS without the succeeding LDs whereas the slow cells showed the LDs without the preceding IS. A discussion was made on functional significance of the differentiation of P cells into two types.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234664
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    Ultrastructural study of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions produced by hypocholesterolemic Drug, AY 9944 (1973)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 26 (1973), S. 185-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuronal Inclusions ; Cerebrum ; Cholesterol Inhibitor ; Rat ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraperitoneal injections of a hypocholesterolemic drug, AY9944 produced neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the brain of Wistar strain of rats. The inclusions were numerous and larger in size in the younger age groups but gradually decreased in number and size after 30 days of age. Only a few small inclusions were seen in rats of 35 days of age or older, in spite of continuous injection of the drug. Inclusions gradually decreased in number after discontinuation of the drug in a relatively younger age group. Injection of the drug in adult rats produced only a few small neuronal inclusions. Ultrastructurally, concentrical lamellar structures were the predominant ones in younger age groups but other types of inclusions were seen in older animals and those receiving lesser amounts of the drug or those which were examined after discontinuation of the drug. This observation suggests that morphologically different inclusions can be formed by basically the same treatment if there is any difference in the metabolic activity of the target cell or the amounts of the drug. Biochemical analysis of the sterols revealed a consistently high level of 7-dehydrocholesterol up to 69 days of age, when AY9944 was administered continuously, despite the fact that there was a decrease in the number and size of the abnormal neuronal inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684428
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    Conditioned aversion to a preferred solution following methamphetamine injections (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 29 (1973), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methamphetamine ; Rat ; Conditioned Aversion ; Saccharin Solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Holtzman (Sprague-Dawley) rats which were injected in amounts ranging from 0.50–3.0 mg/kg i.p. of methamphetamine avoided a 0.1% saccharin solution which had been paired temporally with the injection, and drank water in a subsequent two-bottle choice situation under non-drug conditions. The aversion persisted for the duration of the experiment, which lasted and obtained whether the animals were fluid-deprived or fluid-satiated. Saline-injected controls, on the other hand, exhibited a 90% saccharin solution preference. Rats which received 0.25 mg/kg contiguous with the drug, or animals given 3.0 mg/kg paired with water, exhibited as extreme a preference for the saccharin solution as did the saline controls. It was concluded that neither a drugmediated taste quality change nor physiological cues associated with thirst were adequate axplanations for the avoidance behavior exhibited, but that the drug was perceived as a noxious stimulus at levels above 0.50 mg/kg under the conditions described above.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414040
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    Acute effects of two tetrahydrocannabinols (Δ9-THC and Δ8-THC) on water intake in water deprived rats: Implications for behavioral studies on marijuana compounds (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 30 (1973), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Δ 9-THC and Δ 8-THC ; Water Intake ; Food Intake ; Body Weight ; Vocalization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Water intake was studied in water deprived albino rats at various time intervals after injections of two tetrahydrocannabinols (Δ 9-THC and Δ 8-THC) and solvents. The dose levels used were: 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg of Δ 9-THC and 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg of Δ 8-THC. The results show a clear, dose dependent inhibitory effect on water intake as compared to the controls. Reduced intake of food was seen at 1 day post injection. This effect was, however, significant only for the groups treated with 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg of Δ 8-THC. A decreased body weight was also recorded after the drug treatment, especially with Δ 8-THC. With respect to cannabis-induced vocalization the data suggest an increased possibility of its appearance with increasing dosages of THC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429190
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    Behavioural effects of yohimbine administered intraventricularly in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 33 (1973), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; Intraventricular Administration ; Rat ; Locomotor Activity ; Temperature ; Narcosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of yohimbine injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle on the behaviour of white Wistar rats was investigated. Yohimbine in low doses (1–5 Μg) produced excitatory effects but in high doses (20–100 Μg) it induced central depression.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423061
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    The role of catecholamines in behavioral arousal during ontogenesis (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 31 (1973), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Locomotor Activity ; α-Methyl-Para-Tyrosine ; Reserpine ; l-Dopa ; Ontogenesis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effect of catecholamine depletion on normal hyperactivity in the neonatal rat was examined. Both α-methyl-para-tyrosine and reserpine significantly depressed behavioral arousal at 15 days postpartum, the age of greatest excitability. Heightened activity could be restored in drug-treated animals by administration of l-Dopa. These results indicate that the ontogenetic hyperactivity effect is a result of accelerated catecholamine function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422515
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    Effects of lithium chloride on the activity of rats tested alone or in pairs (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 29 (1973), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lithium ; Social Isolation ; Spontaneous Activity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Group-housed rats, injected with an acute dosage of 3 meq/kg lithium chloride, were tested on an activity platform either alone or in pairs 20 min or 3 h after drug administration. Contrary to previous findings, rats administered lithium were less active than those treated with saline after both post-injection periods. However the activity of the saline control animals tested alone after 3 h was considerably less than that exhibited by the same group after 20 min. This activity difference, which could be interpreted as a lithium-social or lithium-time interaction, is more simply explained in terms of the effects of the social isolation occuring between drug administration and testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421214
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  • 39
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    Nonlinear changes in activity and emotional reactivity scores following central noradrenergic lesions in rats (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 32 (1973), S. 313-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Catecholamine Hypothesis of Depression ; Animal Model ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two levels of permanent central norepinephrine depletion were obtained in rats by lesioning these neurons with small quantities of intraventricularly-applied 6-hydroxydopamine, and the effects of these lesions on a variety of standard tests of activity and emotional reactivity were studied. Both lesioned groups showed altered emotional reactivity; however, only the animals with less extensive lesions were hyperactive in running wheels, showed heightened shock-elicited aggression, were hyper-responsive to handling, and had a potentiated amphetamine-activation effect. It is suggested that these exaggerated behaviors reflected the sensitization and regeneration of partially lesioned noradrenergic circuits. These data are discussed in terms of the catecholamine hypothesis of depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429467
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  • 40
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    Drinking behaviour and brain dopamine: Antagonistic effect of two neuroleptic drugs (Pimozide and Spiramide) upon amphetamine- or apomorphine-induced hypodipsia (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 33 (1973), S. 299-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Apomorphine ; Neuroleptics ; Dopamine ; Drinking Behaviour ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hypodipsia produced by injection of d-amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg) or apomorphine (0.8 mg/kg) in rats, was partially antagonized by two DA-specific neuroleptic drugs, Pimozide and Spiramide, respectively. Pimozide revealed a maximal amphetamine-antagonistic effect at dose levels between 0.1–0.4 mg/kg. Hypodipsia could also be produced by Pimozide alone in doses greater than 1.0 mg/kg. Pretreatment of the apomorphine-induced hypodipsia with 0.05 mg/kg Spiramide also reliably counteracted drinking deficits. The interaction of water deprivation combined with the presence or absence of food in the test situation was also examined, but no effect was found. The possibility that perseverative rearing on the hind legs under d-amphetamine might interfere with drinking was tested with high vs. low drinking-tubes in the Pimozide-amphetamine experiments. There was evidence for a slight initial effect of drinking position, but the general form of the dose-response curve was not greatly altered. It was concluded that dopamine effects cannot easily be excluded from a role in the control of drinking, and that the primary role often accorded norepinephrine in relation to amphetamine effects should be re-examined with respect to the specific behavioural functions which are altered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437507
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    Dissociation de deux composantes du comportement chez le rat sous l'effet de psychotropes (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 31 (1973), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rearing ; Locomotion ; Exploratory Behaviour ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Anxiolytics ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The “staircase” is a simple and rapid test and was used to study two components of exploratory behaviour in the rat. The scores of rearing and the number of steps climbed during three minutes were recorded. Various psychotropic drugs were tested, which modified these two parameters. Neuroleptic induced a parallel decrease of both, while benzodiazepines, meprobamate, amobarbitone and ethanol decreased the rearing at doses which left the steps climbed unchanged. At high doses, there was a parallel decrease of both parameters. Amphetamine, at lower doses, increased the rearing score alone. The comparison of the studied psychotropic drug effects with those of two muscle relaxants (by a comparison of the slopes of regression lines) suggests that either the observed benzodiazepine effects were only partly due to their myorelaxant action, or, that both myorelaxants have some anxiolytic action. The effect of amphetamine at low doses can be viewed as a demonstration of increased anxiety.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429300
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  • 42
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    Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol induced inhibition of predatory aggression in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 31 (1973), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol ; Predatory Aggression ; Rat ; Serotonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits predatory aggression in rats. Increases in the degree of inhibition are obtained with increasing dosages of the drug. Although sex and strain of the subjects varied nonsystematically, inhibition of predatory aggression uniformly was found to be dose related. Readministration of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol did not effect motor activity measures at dose levels which inhibit aggression. Administration of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol increases whole brain serotonin, while norepinepherine is largely unaffected, indicating that the anti-aggressive effect may be mediated, in part, by serotonergic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419815
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  • 43
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    Effects of Δ1(2)-tetrahydrocannabinol on copulation in the male rat (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 28 (1973), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: δ 1-THC ; Copulation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mating behavior of 15 male rats was measured after treatment with δ 1(2)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and propylene glycol (vehicle). Administration of either 2 mg per kg or 3 mg per kg body weight of THC was followed by significant increases in latency to the first mount, latency to ejaculation, and latency to the first mount following ejaculation. No significant changes were found in the number of intromissions or mounts. The deterioration in sexual performance is interpreted as reflecting a decreased motivation to copulate under the influence of the drug.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429304
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  • 44
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    The effects of fenfluramine on fixed ratio responding (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 32 (1973), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Fenfluramine ; FR Responding ; Behavioural Tolerance ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments on the effects of fenfluramine on FR responding are reported. In Experiment 1 two rats were trained on an FR 10 schedule of reinforcement. After more than 30 h training, intraperitoneal injection of saline, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg fenfluramine were given. Disruption of the initial stages of responding was noted after 2 and 4 mg/kg, with complete disruption of responding in 1 animal after 8 mg/kg administration. In Experiment 2, 2 rats trained on an FR 30 schedule of reinforcement received chronic 15 days administration of 4 mg/kg fenfluramine. Disruption of responding was noted after the first administration. The degree of disruption lessened by the fifteenth day of administration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429471
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  • 45
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    Intragastric self-administration of medazepam in rats (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 28 (1973), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Intragastric ; Self-Administration ; Benzodiazepines ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A technique for intragastric self-administration in rats is presented. Intravenous self-administration of morphine was compared with intragstric self-administration during 6 consecutive days. There was no difference between the two routes in the total rate of injections. Medazepam was given for intragastric self-administration at three different doses (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/injection respectively) and compared with saline. There was an increased response rate at the dose 10 mg/kg/injection. Medazepam placebo solution (solvent alone) was also compared with medazepam 10 mg/kg/injection. Among the seven experimental rats, six responded higher on medazepam than on the solvent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413960
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  • 46
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    Effects of methamphetamine and chlordiazepoxide on schedule-controlled and adjunctive licking in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 30 (1973), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schedule-Controlled Behavior ; Adjunctive Behavior ; Licking ; Drinking ; Methamphetamine ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of methamphetamine (0.03–1.7 mg/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (3.0–30.0 mg/kg) were studied in a situation in which the same motor response, licking a water-filled tube, served as a schedule-controlled and as an adjunctive behavior. Rats responded under a 3-min fixed-interval (FI) schedule of food presentation in which the required response was a lick on the tube (schedule-controlled); licking also occurred following every food presentation (adjunctive). Adjunctive licking occurred at a high, steady rate, but schedule-controlled licking was emitted at a changing rate over time, characteristic of FI schedules. Both drugs had little effect on overall adjunctive licking, except for decreases at the highest doses, but there were changes in the pattern of adjunctive licking. Methamphetamine produced only decreases in schedule-controlled licking, but chlordiazepoxide produced dose-dependent increases. In general, the magnitude of drug effect on local rates of responding within the FI was related to control rates of responding within the same periods, but there were instances in which the magnitude of effect depended also on whether licking was adjunctive or schedule-controlled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429197
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  • 47
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    Effects of a gastro-secretory substance from hog pancreas (GSP) and gastrin on bile secretion of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 345 (1973), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Gastrosecretagogue ; Gastrin ; Rat ; Bile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of GSP, a gastrosecretagogue fraction extracted from hog pancreas, on bile secretion has been studied in rats provided with a bile duct canula and compared with the effect of antral gastrin. GSP showed no effect on bile secretion, concentration and output of bilirubin and electrolytes in the bile. On the other hand gastrin is significantly increasing bile output, bilirubin concentration and output in the bile. No effect of gastrin on the excretion rate of sodium and potassium in the bile has been observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587063
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  • 48
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    Hypoxic pulmonary steady-state diffusing capacity for CO and cardiac output in rats born at a simulated altitude of 3500 m (1973)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 340 (1973), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity for CO ; Cardiac Output ; Oxygen Dissociation Curve ; High Altitude ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats born in the low pressure chamber from sea level parents a higher hypoxic steady-state pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO was found as compared with controls of similar body weight. This difference could be explained by a difference in age or by an increase of blood O2 capacity. There was no difference in alveolar ventilation and alveolar-arterial O2 pressure differences, a lower cardiac output, no difference in arterial O2 tension, no difference in arterial O2 content but a decreased mixed-venous O2 content as compared with control rats measured at hypoxia. A shift of the standard blood O2 dissociation curve to the right was found in the simulated high altitude exposed rats. Calculated mixed-venous O2 pressure was not altered in these rats; since arterial O2 pressure was the same no difference in mean tissue capillary O2 pressure may be presumed as compared with control animals. The results suggest that the first generation of rats exposed to simulated high altitude for their whole life is not only less adapted than animals exposed in their youth (as described in previous work) but that the ability to promote the O2 transport in time of need in rats born in the low pressure chamber is probably even inferior to that of the controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00592193
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    Electronic Resource
    Myoglobin distribution in the heart of growing rats exposed to a simulated altitude of 3500 m in their youth or born in the low pressure chamber (1973)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 340 (1973), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Myoglobin ; Heart ; High Altitude ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reynafarje's (1963) spectrophotometric method was modified for the study of myoglobin concentration in rat hearts. The influence of age and body weight was evaluated and the age was found to be better correlated with myoglobin concentration than the weight. The influence of simulated altitude of 3500 m was studied in animals exposed to hypoxia at the age of about 34 days and in animals born in the low pressure chamber. In the first group a higher myoglobin concentration was found but only in the right ventricle, together with unilateral hypertrophy, as compared with control animals. In the group of animals born at simulated altitude a severe cardiomegaly developed which was most pronounced in the right ventricle. The myoglobin concentration in the hearts from this group was unchanged in the right ventricle and was lower in the left ventricle and septum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00592192
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Zona glomerulosa des Hundes nach Behandlung mit Spirolacton (1973)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 159 (1973), S. 321-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Spirolactone ; Aldosterone ; Zona glomerulosa ; Electron microscopy ; Spirolacton ; Aldosteron ; Zona glomerulosa ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Spirolacton auf die Zona glomerulosa des Hundes wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die an Kontroll- und Versuchstieren erhobenen Befunde werden miteinander verglichen. 1. Lichtmikroskopisch werden bei Kontroll- und Versuchstieren zwei unterschiedlich stark anfärbbare Zelltypen beobachtet. Bereits nach 10tägiger Behandlung mit Spirolacton läßt sich eine beträchtliche Dickenzunahme der Zona glomerulosa nachweisen. Mit den angewandten Färbemethoden lassen sich in den beiden Zelltypen keine den „Spironolacton-Körpern“ ähnliche Einschlüsse darstellen. 2. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigen die beiden Zelltypen deutliche Unterschiede in der Feinstruktur; wegen ihrer unterschiedlichen elektronenoptischen Dichte werden sie als helle und dunkle Zellen bezeichnet. Im Cytoplasma der dunklen Zellen kommen 1–4 lamelläre Körper vor, die jedoch nicht den beim Menschen beobachteten „Spironolacton-Körpern“ ähnlich sind. Nach Behandlung mit Spirolacton weisen die hellen und die dunklen Zellen (einschließlich ihrer lamellären Körper) gegenüber Kontrolltieren keine feinstrukturellen Unterschiede auf. Es wird diskutiert, ob die hellen und dunklen Zellen in der Zona glomerulosa unterschiedliche Aktivitätszustände ein und derselben Zellart darstellen. Ebenso wird die mögliche Funktion der lamellären Körper im Vergleich zu den Ergebnissen anderer Autoren erörtert.
    Notes: Summary The effect of spirolactone on the zona glomerulosa was studied in dogs by light and electron microscopy. Results of untreated animals are compared with those pretreated with spirolactone for several days. Light microscopy in control as well as in experimental animals disclosed two different types of cells as far as their staining properties were concerned. With the staining techniques utilized in this study cellular inclusions, so-called spironolactone bodies as previously reported by others, were not seen. The width of the zona glomerulosa, however, was found to be significantly increased in treated animals. Electron microscopy revealed the two respective cell types to be definitely different. Due to their electron density they are referred to her as light and dark cells. Within the cytoplasm of the dark cells laminated inclusions were seen, ranging in size from 1 to 4 µm. These inclusions are thought to be not identical with socalled spironolactone bodies. Spirolactone did not affect the ultrastructural appearance of either light or dark cells, when compared with control, this is also true for the laminated inclusions. It is suggested that the light and dark cells represent the same type of cell at different activity levels. Finally, the functional significance of the laminated inclusions is discussed in view of findings reported elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851606
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphologie und Funktion isoperistaltischer, ausgeschalteter Jejunalschlingen nach Rückverlegung in die Dünndarmpassage (1973)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 161 (1973), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Self-emptying loop ; Mucosal atrophy ; Small intestine ; Luminal nutrition ; Morphology ; Glucose-absorption ; Rat ; Selbstentleerende Blindschlingen des Jejunums ; Schleimhautatrophie ; Topische Ernährung ; Morphologie ; Glucoseresorption ; Ratte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um Möglichkeit und Ausmaß der Reversibilität einer Dünndarmschleimhautatrophie zu prüfen, wurden operativ ausgeschaltete, atrophische Jejunalschlingen nach Rückverlegung in die Dünndarmpassage morphologisch und funktionell untersucht. Ergebnisse: 1 Monat nach Rückverlegung hatte sich die Schleimhautatrophie zurückgebildet. Morphometrisch fand sich darüber hinaus eine Hypertrophie aller Wandschichten. Der Schleimhauthypertrophie entsprach eine Steigerung der Glucoseresorption.
    Notes: Summary Self-emptying blind loops of the small intestine in the rat were restored to functioning intestine in order to investigate the reversibility of mucosal atrophy. Results: 1 month after restoration of normal anatomical conditions atrophy was no longer demonstrable. In addition, the morphometric data indicated mucosal hypertrophy and increase in thickness of all layers of the intestinal wall. These changes were associated with a significant increase of glucose-absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01855105
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Bildung gemischter Disulfide zwischen D-Penicillamin und Serumproteinen (1973)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 161 (1973), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: D-penicillamine ; L-cysteine ; Serum proteins ; Rat ; D-Penicillamin ; L-Cystein ; Serumproteine ; Ratte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In vitro-Untersuchungen zeigten, daß D-Penicillamin durch Serumproteine, in erster Linie durch Albumin, gebunden wird. Aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach ist die Bildung gemischter Disulfide hierfür verantwortlich. Cystin, L-Cystein und andere Thiole sowie N-Äthylmaleinimid hemmen die Proteinbindung von D-Penicillamin. Verabfolgt man Ratten vor Injektion des D-Penicillamins L-Cystein, resultiert eine vorübergehende Erhöhung des Gehalts an freiem D-Penicillamin in Serum und in einigen Geweben, während die Ausscheidung mit dem Urin verzögert wird. Die theoretische und praktische Bedeutung der Befunde wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Studiesin vitro show that D-penicillamine is bound by serum proteins, mainly albumin; the formation of a mixed disulfide is the most likely explanation. Cystine, L-cysteine and other thiols as well as N-ethylmaleinimide were found to inhibit the protein binding of D-penicillamine. Administration of L-cysteine to rats prior to D-penicillamine brings about a transient increase of the amount of free D-penicillamine in serum and in some tissues as well as a delay in its urinary excretion. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851452
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    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelles Anastomosencarcinom (1973)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 333 (1973), S. 211-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Anastomosis ; Experimental Carcinoma ; Gastric Stump ; Nitrosoguanidine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das für die Magenkrebsforsehung bedeutsame Ergebnis unserer an insgesamt 100 Wistarratten durchgeführten Untersuchungen ist die Feststellung, daß im resezierten Magen der Versuchstiere nach oraler Gabe des unterschwellig dosierten Carcinogens Nitrosoguanidin in hoher Ausbeute (65,1%) Carcinome (Adenocarcinome) und Präcancerosen entstehen. Die malignen Veränderungen weisen im Hinblick auf Lokalisation und Wachstumsrichtung formale Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Magenstumpfcarcinom des Menschen auf: sie sind nahezu ausschließlich auf den Bereich der gastroenteralen Anastomose beschränkt und verschonen beim infiltrierend-destruierenden Wachstum den Dünndarm. Dieses experimentelle Carcinom im operierten Magen wird als Anastomosencarcinom bezeichnet; es erscheint als Versuchsmodell zum Studium des Magenstumpfcarcinom geeignet. Der Vergleich der cancerösen und präcancerösen Veränderungen der magenresezierten Tiere mit den nicht operierten Kontrolltieren zeigt einen hochsignifikanten Unterschied: Bei nicht operierten, jedoch mit einem Carcinogen behandelten Kontrolltieren trat ebenso wie bei operierten, nicht mit einem Carcinogen exponierten Tieren in keinem Fall ein Anastomosencarcinom und nur in einem Fall eine Präcancerose auf. Die Befunde beweisen, daß weder die Exposition durch das unterschwellig dosierte Carcinogen noch die Disposition durch Anlage einer gastroenteralen Anastomose als Einzelfaktoren für sich betrachtet ausreichend sind, um innerhalb der gewählten Versuchszeit ein Anastomosencarcinom zu erzeugen. Treffen beide Faktoren jedoch zusammen, so wird das Krebswachstum im Sinne einer Syncarcinogenese induziert. Die Art der gewählten gastroenteralen Anastomose (Billroth I oder Billroth II) ist ohne Bedeutung für die Häufigkeit des Anastomosencarcinoms. Im Hinblick auf die Pathogenese des Magenstumpfcarcinoms ergeben sich aus unseren Befunden, unter Respektierung der Prämissen des Analogieschlußverfahrens, folgende Feststellungen: 1. Der resezierte Magen ist im Bereich der Anastomose zur Carcinomentstehung disponiert. 2. Wenn zur Disposition die Exposition durch äußere Carcinogene tritt, so wird an dieser Stelle das Krebswachstum induziert.
    Notes: Summary 66 male Wistar rats, subjected to gastric resection according to Billroth I or Billroth II and subsequently exposed to Nitrosoguanidine as oral carcinogen, developed carcinomas and precancerous lesions at a rate of 65,1%. The tumours were characterized histologically as adenocarcinomas; they were almost exclusively localized in the region of the gastroduodenal or gastrojejunal anastomosis. The process of cancer development was completed within 17 to 31 weeks on continous administration of 120 mg/l of Nitrosoguanidine in the drinking water. 34 control animals either with intact stomachs subjected to the carcinogen or operated and kept under normal drinking water showed no cancer formation. Only one precancerous lesion (adenomatous hyperplasia) could be observed in the control group with intact stomachs. Trying to relate the present findings to the occurrence of gastric stump carcinoma in man the following conclusions can be made: 1. The operated stomach is predilected for cancer development. 2. Exposure of the operated stomach to an oral carcinogen induces carcinogenesis prevalent in the anastomosic region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01251063
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    Electronic Resource
    A morphologic and histochemical study of biliary atresia in lamprey liver (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Lampetra ; Physiological biliary atresia ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A morphologic and histochemical study was carried out on the liver of larval and adult lampreys at the optical and electron microscopic level. In the larva the liver is composed of blind ending single cell thick tubules of hepatocytes. The tubular lumina provided with microvilli are morphologically comparable with the canalicular lumens of the higher species of animals. The cytoplasm of the hepatocytes contains numerous inclusions with heterogeneous appearance and crystalline material. The biliary system is composed of numerous bile ductules and ducts. In the adult lamprey, the biliary system has disappeared. The hepatocytes loose their tubular arrangement and the characteristic differentiation of their biliary pole. In contrast to previous reports in the literature the presence of bile pigment in the adult lamprey liver could not be demonstrated with any histochemical technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307681
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur embryonalen und postembryonalen Genese der Eierstockzwischenzellen des Haushuhns (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 59-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Interstitial cells, genesis ; Hen's ovary ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Zwischenzellen des Hühnerovars gibt es embryonal und post-embryonal bindegewebige und epitheliale Quellen. Die bindegewebigen Mutterzellen sind Mesenchymzellen und Fibrozyten, die epithelialen Mutterzellen sind Wandepithelzellen der Markstranglakunen und Epoophorontubuli. Kriterien zur Unterscheidung dieser vierfachen Abstammungsmöglichkeiten der Zwischenzellen werden angegeben.
    Notes: Summary The interstitial cells of the hen's ovary have two sources: connective tissue mother cells, which are mesenchymal cells or fibrocytes, and epithelial mother cells, which are wall epithelial cells of the medullary cord lacunae or of the tubuli of the epophoron. Criteria are provided for differentiating this fourfold genesis of the interstitial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307680
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    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative data on the fine structural organization of the palisade zone of the median eminence (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Granular vesicles ; Ultrastructure ; Quantitative evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to characterize different sub-zones in the palisade zone of the rat median eminence, quantitative ultrastructural parameters were applied to brains fixed in aldehyde-osmium tetroxide. The palisade zone has been subdivided in 4 successive sub-zones. Increasing numbers of granular vesicles (GV), especially those smaller than 110 nm, are observed from dorsal to ventral sub-zones. There also are more GV per unit area of nervous tissue in the perivascular than in the more dorsal sub-zones. The individual nerve profiles exhibit a larger size in the perivascular layer than in the more dorsal areas, whereas the number and size of nerve profiles devoid of vesicles diminish from dorsal to ventral. As a consequence more GV occur in the perivascular nerve profiles. In the GV containing nerve profiles the concentration of GV is, however, constant in the different sub-zones. A fluctuating size of the preterminal and terminal parts of the nerve fibres is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307683
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur funktionellen Morphologie des Tubero-hypophysären Systems der Ratte (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 101-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Infundibulum ; Rat ; Neuro-glial synapses ; Neuro-Vascular contacts ; Corticotropin-Releasing Factor ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Gefäßfortsätze von ependymalen und subependymalen Zellen bilden in der subependymalen Zone und in der Zona interna des Ratteninfundibulum mit Nervenfasern kompakte neuro-gliöse Faserbündel, die sich in der Zona externa aufzweigen. 2. In allen Zonen des Infundibulum kommen zwischen den Nervenfasern und den Gefäßfortsätzen zahlreiche neuro-gliöse Synapsen vor. In den Gefäßfortsätzen fällt die hohe Zahl an Mikrotubuli sowie die zahlreichen, vielgestaltigen Einschlüsse auf. 3. In der subependymalen Zone sind die Interzellularspalten an bestimmten Stellen außerordentlich weit. Sie haben eine kanalartige Beschaffenheit und enthalten feine Bündel von Nervenfasern. 4. Von den lateralen Anteilen des Infundibulum her erreichen Dendriten von Ganglienzellen des Nucleus infundibularis die Mitte des Infundibulum. In dieser Region sind axodendritische Synapsen anzutreffen. 5. Morphometrische Analysen der Nervenfaserendigungen der Zona externa von Normaltieren zeigen, daß die prozentuale Verteilung der nach Granulagröße differenzierten Nervenfaserklassen für Mitte und Seite der Zona externa etwa gleich ist. Zwischen der Größe der Elementargranula und der Anschnittfläche der zugehörigen Nervenfasern besteht eine direkte Beziehung. 6. Die Nervenfaserendigungen erreichen die Basalmembran des perikapillären Raumes fast ausschließlich im Bereich von gefäßwärts gerichteten Vorwölbungen der Zona externa. Das Ausmaß, in dem Nervenfasern im Vergleich zu den Gefäßfortsätzen von Ependymund Gliazellen den perivaskulären Raum erreichen, ist medial weitaus größer als lateral. 7. Bei bilateral adrenalektomierten Ratten nimmt in bestimmten, vorwiegend lateral gelegenen Nervenfasern die Zahl und Größe der Elementargranula in Abhängigkeit von der Überlebensdauer zu. Dies dürfte auf eine verstärkte Synthese und Speicherung von Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in diesen Nervenfasern zurückzuführen sein. Gegenüber dem Normalbefund ist die neurohämale Kontaktfläche erheblich vergrößert. Der perivaskuläre Raum enthält zerfallene Nervenfaserteile, die durch Bindegewebszellen phagocytiert werden. Diese Veränderungen dürften durch eine unter Versuchsbedingungen verstärkte Wachstumstendenz der Nervenfasern in Richtung auf die Blutgefäße und durch eine Abschnürung der Nerven-faserendigungen ausgelöst werden.
    Notes: Summary 1. In the subependymal and internal zones of the rat median eminence nerve fibres and vascular processes of ependymal and subependymal cells form neuro-glial bundles. They branch in the external zone. 2. In all these three zones of the infundibulum numerous neuro-glial synapses are found between nerve fibres and vascular processes of glial cells. The vascular processes contain a high number of microtubules as well as polymorphous granular inclusions. 3. In certain regions of the subependymal layer the intercellular spaces are enlarged. They form channel-like spaces containing small bundles of delicate nerve fibres. 4. Nerve cells of the infundibular nucleus located in the lateral parts of the infundibulum send dendrites to the medial parts of the infundibulum. In this area axo-dendritic synapses are found. 5. For morphometric analysis, the nerve fibres of the external zone were classified according to the diameter of their granules. It is shown that in the different regions of the external zone the distribution of the various types of nerve fibre is similar. Moreover it can be seen that a direct correlation exists between the size of the sectional plane of a given nerve fibre and the size of the granules it comprises. 6. Nerve fibre endings abutting on the basement membrane of the pericapillary space are mostly found in bulb-like protrusions of the external zone. The extent to which nerve fibres reach the perivascular space—as compared with the vascular processes of ependymal and glial cells—is higher in the medial than in the lateral parts of the infundibulum. 7. In bilaterally adrenalectomized rats the number and diameter of elementary granules increases in nerve fibres located laterally. This increase is directly related to the survival time and may be due to an enhanced synthesis and storage of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in these nerve fibres. Compared with the findings in untreated animals the neurohemal contact area is significantly enlarged. The perivascular space contains degenerating nerve fibres which are undergoing phagocytosis by connective tissue cells. It is assumed that these alterations are due to the increased growth of nerve fibres towards the vessels of the “Mantelplexus”, and that, following adrenalectomy, this excessive growth leads to a pinching off of nerve fibres.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307465
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    Electronic Resource
    Zur Feinstruktur einer elektrischen Synapse (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 139-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Giant fiber ; Earthworm ; Septum ; Electrical synapse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die erneute elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der dorsalen Riesenfasern der Lumbriciden Lumbricus terrestris (L.t.) und Eisenia foetida (E.f.) zeigt, daß es sich bei den segmentalen Septen um Strukturen bisher unbekannter Komplexität handelt. Bei beiden Tierarten beträgt der Septalspalt nur 65 Å (E.f.) bzw. 75 Å (L.t.) und ist deshalb als „gap junction“ anzusprechen. Daneben fallen folgende Differenzierungen am Septum auf: „septate junctions” (L.t. und E.f.), „intermediate junctions“ (L.t. und E.f.), beidseitig am Septum gelegene und nicht von einer Membran umschlossene Membranappositionen (E.f.), sowie einseitig am Septum gelegene „dense projections“ (L.t.). Bei L.t. kommen außerdem auf beiden Seiten des Septums Vesikel vor, die von einer Elementarmembran umschlossen sind und nach Größe (φ ca. 575 Å), Lage, Haufenbildung und elektronenoptischem Habitus den Vesikeln chemisch übertragender Synapsen gleichen. Die Befunde werden hinsichtlich ihrer möglichen Bedeutung bei der elektrischen Übertragung und als Indizien für das Vorliegen einer gemischten Synapse diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Electronmicroscopical examination of the dorsal giant fibers in the earthworms Lumbricus terrestris (L.t.) and Eisenia foetida (E.f.) reveals that their segmental septa are structures of so far unknown complexity. In both species the extracellular cleft between the two axon membranes of the septum amounts to only 65 Å (E.f.) and 75 Å (L.t.) respectively and is therefore regarded as “gap junction”. The following other structural differentiations of the septum were observed: “septate junctions” (E.f. and L.t.), “intermediate junetions” (E.f. and L.t.), densities apposed to both sides of the septum and not surrounded by a membrane (E.f.), and densities resembling “dense projections” on one side of the septum only (L.t.). In addition the septa of L.t. show vesicles on both sides which are bounded by a unit membrane and resemble the vesicles of chemically transmitting synapses in size (φ ca. 575 Å), location, accumulation, and electronoptical habitus. The significance of the findings in regard to electrotonic transmission and the possible existence of a mixed synapse is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307685
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in rat epididymis after vasectomy (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Epididymis ; Effect of vasectomy ; Spermatozoa ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epididymal biopsies from rats that had undergone unilateral or bilateral vasectomies from one to eight months previously were compared with biopsies from their contralateral side or from normal controls to ascertain what ultrastructural changes had occurred. After vasectomy, spermatozoa appeared to dissolve in the lumen of the caput epididymidis and to be absorbed by the principal cells. About 5 weeks after vasectomy, numerous lamellar accumulations became apparent in the supernuclear region. Their resemblance to lysosomes or residual bodies was confirmed by an acid phosphatase reaction. After 10 weeks, similar lamellar and polymorphic accumulations on the contralateral side of animals with unilateral vasectomies indicated that resorption had also increased on the unligated side.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307438
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct demonstration of eight-fold symmetry in nuclear pores (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nuclear pore ; Amphibian oocyte ; 8-fold symmetry ; Fibrous network ; Electron microscopy ; Negative staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pictures, in front view, are presented of the nuclear pores from the oocytes of the newt Taricha granulosa. Negative staining is used. It is directly visible, on a substantial proportion of the pores, that the number of subunits in the annulus is 8. This conclusion had been reached earlier by other writers, who had used the rotation technique to ascertain the radial symmetry. The rotation technique is known to be very unreliable, though on this occasion had produced the correct result. A fibrous mesh network, connecting the subunits of separate pores is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307439
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  • 61
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the chick thymus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 191-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Fine structure ; Avian ; Gallus domesticus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the normal thymus of the young chicken (Gallus domesticus) is described. Four main cell types, lymphoid cells, epithelial cells, macrophages and myoid cells, can be distinguished. The lymphocytes are more numerous in the cortex than in the medulla, and are quantitatively the most important component of the thymus. The epithelial cells vary greatly in morphology. Reticular epithelial cells, which have long cytoplasmic processes connected by desmosomes, and which appear to afford a supporting network for the free cells of the thymus, are present in the cortex and medulla. Undifferentiated epithelial cells are present in the medulla and cortico-medullary regions and have few intracytoplasmic fibrils or desmosomes. Cystic epithelial cells, showing intercellular and intracellular cyst formation are frequent in the medulla. Also present in the medulla are squamous epithelial cells which contain many intracytoplasmic fibrils and have numerous desmosomes, and which are involved in the formation of Hassall's corpuscles. Macrophages are present in moderate numbers in the cortex and medulla, and immature and fully developed myoid cells are common in the medulla. Other cell types present include granule-containing cells with desmosomes, large pale cells with few cytoplasmic organelles, mast cells, plasma cells, red blood corpuscles and cells of the granular leukocyte series.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307440
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    Histochemical demonstration of Δ5-3 ß-OHD activity in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles of immature and mature mice correlated with some ultrastructural observations (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 215-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary (mouse) ; Granulosa cells ; Steroidogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systematic study of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the granulosa cells of immature and mature mice was made. The histochemical results were compared with the ultrastructural findings on the same cells in an attempt to determine whether the granulosa cells are capable of a steroidogenic role. In newborn and immature mice the granulosa cells of a great amount of follicles demonstrated a moderate or strong histochemical activity. In mature mice the granulosa cells demonstrated a weak or moderate activity normally only in preovulatory follicles and in some other atretic follicles. The granulosa cells of the normal developing follicles did not show such activity. In addition the histological control of numerous parallel sections demonstrated particularly in immature ovaries the presence of a great amount of atretic follicles. In the cytoplasm of the granulosa cells of the follicles in immature ovaries only clusters of lipid droplets with ribosomes were noted; while in the preovulatory follicles of mature animals there started to appear mitochondria with tubular cristae, smooth membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and irregular lipid droplets. In the obviously atretic follicles several granulosa cells as well as theca interna cells showed numerous lipid droplets and ribosomes together with different degenerating organelles. The granulosa cells of the normal developing follicles showed a well developed Golgi complex, granular endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. The histochemical and ultrastructural findings suggest a steroidogenic role of the granulosa cells only in the larger preovulatory follicles (probably related to an early luteinization of this layer) but this role was not demonstrated in the same cells in normal developing follicles. In addition, since an histochemical positivity was demonstrated also in the granulosa cells of some obviously atretic follicles, it is possible that many of the follicles having granulosa cells filled with lipid droplets and attached ribosomes and histochemically positive might be, in the immature ovaries, in a very precocious stage of atresia. It is to precise for these cells whether a cytoplasm with these two strictly correlated components (lipid droplets and attached ribosomes) and showing an histochemical positivity could carry-on all the biochemical steps involved in steroid biosynthesis or only has only a temporary capability to produce some precursors of steroids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307442
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    The ultrastructure of dentinogenesis and amelogenesis in rat molar tooth germs grown as organ cultures in vitro (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 171-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tooth germs ; Organ culture ; Differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tooth germs from foetal rats of 17 days post-insemination were maintained in vitro for 12 days. Odontoblasts and ameloblasts differentiated and secreted their respective matrices in which mineralization occurred. The ultrastructure of the cells was qualitatively similar to that observed in normal development. Odontoblasts contained more lysosome-like bodies and were found to degenerate in some sites. Mantle dentine was formed but few von Korff fibres were observed. Calcospherites were rarely seen and the mineralizing front of dentine was predominantly linear, associated with numerous small early foci of mineral formation. Enamel showed prism formation associated with the Tomes' process of the ameloblast but some local disturbances in the pattern of enamel formation were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306606
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    Die Feinstruktur des Protonephridialsystems von Turbanella cornuta Remane, einem marinen Gastrotrich der Ordnung Macrodasyoidea (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Protonephridial system ; Turbanella cornuta Remane (Gastrotricha) ; Cyrtocytes ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Protonephridien des marinen Gastrotrichs Turbanella cornuta Remane werden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Terminalapparate der Macrodasyoidea sind Cyrtocyten. Ein Reusenröhrchen besteht aus acht Längsstäben mit netzartigen Zwischenwänden aus dünnen Fibrillen. Im Lumen des Röhrchens schwingt eine Geißel. Die Wand eines Terminalbechers bildet ein zusätzliches Reusensystem, das mit Poren und Schlitzen versehen ist. Die drei bis vier Cyrtocyten eines Protonephridiums münden in eine Sammelzelle ein. Von dieser geht ein Exkretionsröhrchen mit Treibwimperflamme aus, welches von einer Ausleitungszelle gebildet wird. Die Cyrtocyten der beiden Gastrotrichenordnungen (Chaetonotoidea u. Macrodasyoidea) grenzen sich strukturell gegenüber bisher bekannten Formen dieses Zelltyps ab.
    Notes: Summary The protonephridial system of the marine gastrotrich Turbanella cornuta Remane was studied with the electron microscope. The terminal cells of the Macrodasyoidea are Cyrtocytes. Each tube for filtration consists of eight longitudinal rods with a net of fine fibrils between them; it contains a single whip. The wall of a terminal cup with its pores and slits is an additional system for filtration. Three or four filtration tubes are ending in a collecting cell. From this cell an excretory channel with one whip formed by an outlet cell arises. The filtration tubes of Macrodasyoidea are similar to those of Chaetonotoidea and differ from other forms of this cell-type.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307445
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    Über das fetale Gefäßsystem der reifen menschlichen Placenta (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 333-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Placenta ; Human ; Blood vessels ; Endothelium ; Vascular muscle, Myoendothelial junctions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gefäße der Nabelschnur, Chorionplatte, Stammzotten und das Mikrozirkulationssystem des Zottenbaums der reifen menschlichen Plazenta wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Endothel- und Muskelzellen besitzen auch am Ende der Gravidität alle morphologischen Kennzeichen voller Funktionsfähigkeit. Auffällig sind die zahlreichen myo-endothelialen Verzahnungen und die zahlreichen Kontakte der Muskelzellen untereinander. Sphinkterartige Einrichtungen werden nur an den Verzweigungen der Präkapillaren beobachtet. Gefäßnerven fehlen überall. Möglicherweise kann die Durchströmung der fetalen Placentagefäße durch autonome Kontraktion der Gefäßwände reguliert werden. — Alle Gefäße der Placenta sind elasticafrei. In den Nabelarterien sind elastische Systeme schwach ausgebildet. Eine Elastica interna wird nur in der Nabelvene gefunden. — Das Mikrozirkulationssystem in den Rami und Ramuli chorii sowie den Terminalzotten wird von allen bekannten Endstromeinheiten aufgebaut. Die englumigen Kapillarabschnitte befinden sich vor allem in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zum organellenreichen Syncytiophoblast, während die weitlumigen Abschnitte, die möglicherweise die venösen Kapillarstrecken sind, den Epithelplatten anliegen.
    Notes: Summary In the human placenta at term the blood vessels of the umbilical cord, chorionic plate and trunks and the microcirculation system of the placental lobes have been investigated. Also at the end of pregnancy the vascular endothelium and the smooth muscle cells exhibit all morphological criteria of full functional activity. The vessel wall is characterized by numerous myoendothelial junctions and many adjacent muscle cells being in close contact with one another. Sphincterlike structures can only be observed at the ramifications of the precapillaries. Vascular nerves are always absent. The blood circulation is perhaps regulated autonomously by means of the contractile vessel wall.—In all placental vessels a special tunica elastica never exists. In the umbilical arteries elastic systems are poorly developed. A genuine internal elastic layer only occurs in the corresponding vein.—In the region of the rami and ramuli chorii as well as in the single villi the microcirculation system consists of all types of terminal vessels. The capillaries with small diameter are preferentially situated close to the organellrich syncytiotrophoblast, whereas the distended segments, which may represent the venous capillaries, are in intimate contact with the epithelial plates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306590
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    Zur Feinstruktur des dorsalen Riesenfasersystems im Bauchmark des Regenwurms (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 369-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Giant fibres ; Ventral nerve cord ; Lumbricus terrestris L. ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die proximalen Kollateralen der dorsalen Riesenfasern des Regenwurms wurden in Serienschnitten vom Soma bis zum Eintritt in die Riesenfaser verfolgt und im Hinblick auf ihre Feinstruktur und ihre synaptischen Kontakte Untersucht. Es finden sich sowohl chemische als auch elektrische Synapsen. Ihre Feinstruktur wird mit der bekannter Synapsen anderer Wirbellosen und Wirbeltiere verglichen. In beiden Riesenfasersystemen kommen efferente chemische Synapsen mit feinen postsynaptischen Verzweigungen vor, die anscheinend von Bauchmark-Motoneuronen stammen. Das Axon der medianen Riesenfaser weist darüber hinaus nur noch eine elektrische Synapse mit den Rieseninterneuronen auf. Demgegenüber erhalten die Kollateralen der lateralen Riesenfasern zahlreiche Afferenzen, die zum Teil als sensorische Fasern der Epidermis, multisegmentale Fasern der Hauptfaserzüge und Rieseninterneurone identifiziert werden konnten. Weitere Afferenzen stammen vermutlich von unisegmentalen Interneuronen her. Beide lateralen Riesenzellaxone bilden außerdem miteinander eine elektrische Chiasma-Synapse mit besonderen Membraneinfaltungen.
    Notes: Summary The proximal collaterals of the dorsal giant fibres of the earthworm were traced through serial sections from the cell bodies to the giant axons. Their structure and synaptic connections were examined. There are chemical as well as electrical synapses. Their fine structure is compared to that of other known invertebrate and vertebrate synapses. Both giant fibre systems have efferent chemical connections with thin postsynaptic arborizations which probably belong to ventral cord motoneurons. Moreover the median giant axon is connected by an electrical synapse with the giant interneurons. The lateral giant collaterals on the contrary receive many afferences through chemical synapses which were partly identified as sensory fibers from the epidermis, multisegmental axons from the main fibre bundles or giant interneurones. Other afferences probably come from unisegmental interneurones. In addition both lateral giant axons form an electrical chiasma synapse with special membrane folds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306592
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    L3, the 3rd 2nd order neuron of the 1st visual ganglion in the “neural superposition” eye of Musca domestica (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 397-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visual system ; Musca domestica ; Monopolar cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nur drei von den fünf Monopolarzelltypen L1, L2, L3, die in jeder Cartridge der Lamina vorhanden sind, sind synaptisch mit den sechs Rezeptorendigungen (R1–R6) verbunden. Entsprechend der Verteilung ihrer Dendriten sind zwei von den drei Neuronen (L1 und L2) zur gesamten Länge der Endigungen verbunden, während das dritte Neuron (L3) Verbindungen nur in dem äußeren Zweidrittel der Lamina hat. Obwohl diese drei Zellen als Neurone 2. Ordnung des Neurosuperpositionsauges wirken könnten, deutet ihre anatomische Organisation auf funktionelle Unterschiede hin.
    Notes: Summary Only three of the five types of monopolar cells which are present in each cartridge of the lamina have synaptic connections with receptor endings (R1–R6). Due to the distribution of their dendrites two of these (L1 and L2) contact the whole length of the six receptor endings of their cartridge whereas the third type (L3) contacts only their outer 2/3rds. Although these three cells may function as the second order neurons of the neurosuperposition eye, their anatomical relationship imply functional differences between them.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306593
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    Post-injury DNA synthesis, mitosis and ultrastructural reorganization of adult frog cardiac myocytes (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 431-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle ; Frog ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary From the 5th day up to the end of 3rd week following local crushing of the frog ventricle myocardium, ca. 13% of myocyte nuclei, in the vicinity of the damaged zone, were labelled after a single 3H-thymidine (3HTdr) injection, and 30–50% of these were labelled after repeated 3HTdr administration. The number of myocyte mitoses was maximal (ca. 1.3%) at the beginning of the 3rd week. The reactive proliferation of myocytes was accompanied by their “partial dedifferentiation”. This involved the nuclear euchromatic rearrangement, increase in size of nuclei and nucleoli, accumulation of the sarcoplasm rich in free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, hyperplasia of the Golgi apparatus, and the appearance of 80–100 Å in diameter cytofilaments. Electron microscope autoradiography has shown that all these changes may be more or less pronounced in myocytes incorporating 3HTdr. The myofibril ultrastructure was found to be unchanged during S phase. However, in the mitotically dividing myocytes, the majority of Z-disks were disintegrated resulting in progressive release of myofilament bundles. Both 3HTdr labelled and mitotic myocytes were anchored to the adjacent ones by desmosomes and intercalated disks. No free myoblasts were observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306596
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    Electron microscopic observations on the mucous secretory activity of the human gallbladder epithelium (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 463-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gallbladder (Human) ; Mucus secretion ; Reverse pinocytosis ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mucous secretory activity of the human gallbladder epithelium was investigated by light and electron microscopy and with histochemical techniques. There are two types of granules in the supranuclear region of the epithelial cells. The one low in density contains a fine filamentous material and gives a strongly positive silver methenamine reaction. The other is dense and only faintly positive. The granules of the former are considered to be mucous secretory granules and the granules of the latter may be lysosomes. PAS positive granules correspond presumably to both types of granules mentioned above. The mucous secretory granules are considered to be synthesized by the Golgi apparatus and the granular endoplasmic reticulum as has been confirmed in other mucous secretory cells. Their content is released from the cell by reverse pinocytosis. Typical goblet cells occur frequently in the fetal epithelium, but cannot be observed in the adult specimens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028388
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    Ultrastructural observations on membranous structures in developing mouse oocytes (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovum ; Mouse ; Membranes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies have revealed the presence of unusual membrane complexes within developing mouse oocytes. These structures, most obvious 18 days post fertilization, are found in the nucleus or cytoplasm of cells in meiotic prophase. The complexes, usually found in small groups, are characterized by a slightly bowed appearance, and a thin middle section that is vesiculated at each end. At high magnification the middle section exhibits a pentalaminar structure similar to tight junctional complexes, while the looped membranes of the vesiculated ends are trilaminar in appearance. In addition to being free in the nucleoplasm or cytoplasm, the complexes are also seen in continuity with the inner and outer leaflets of the nuclear envelope, and with typical membranes forming cytoplasmic tubular systems. The possible formation of these complexes from blebs or vesicles derived from the nuclear envelope is presented and the role that these structures may play in developing oocytes is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307427
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    Electron microscopic study on the thyroid gland of the salamander Hynobius nebulosus in the breeding season (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid (Salamander) ; Influence of TSH ; Epithelial cells ; Crystalloid structures ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of thyrotropic hormone (TSH) on the salamander thyroid gland was studied by electron microscopy. The following sequence of changes in the follicular cells was observed: (1) 1–1.5 hrs after a single administration of 1 i.u. of TSH, many large colloid droplets appear in the apical cytoplasm; (2) within about 2 hrs hereafter, most of them are replaced by large vacuolar bodies, and cytosomes are remarkably decreased; (3) 2.5–3 hrs after two administrations of 1 i.u. of TSH at an interval of 20 hrs, large vacuolar bodies with or without filaments are frequently observed but cytosomes are hardly encountered; (4) in the group placed at room temperature for 10 days after a single administration of TSH, large vacuolar bodies almost disappear; (5) in the group placed in the ice room for 10 days after the same treatment, large vacuolar bodies with or without filaments frequently appear but cytosomes almost disappear; and (6) in some of large vacuolar bodies with filaments the different stages of crystalloid formation are discernible. From these findings, it is suggested that large colloid droplets are changed into large vacuolar bodies and that crystalloid originates from large vacuolar bodies with filaments, probably as a result of interrupted hydrolysis caused by a deficiency of cytosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307430
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    The ultrastructure of the pars distalis of the hypophysis in males of Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur., treated with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Male ; Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur. ; “Globular basophil cells” ; Antiandrogen treatment ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adenohypophysis of the newt Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur. shows three types of cells: 1) cells with granules of about 350–550 mμ in diameter, 2) cells with small granules of 200–250 mμ in diameter and globules with a cristal-like arrangement containing cylinders with a diameter of about 960 Å and 3) cells containing small granules only. The AA. discuss the ultrastructural changes of the gland and the modifications of sexual secondary characters (S.S.C.) in animals given Cyproterone acetate (1/2 mg every three days). The animals have been treated for a period of time varying between 3 and 5 months, starting in October-November, when S.S.C. begin to develop again. At the end of the treatment the newths showed a loss of S.S.C., and the ultrastructure of the adenohypophysis resembled that of castrated animals, i.e.: great swelling of R.E.R. and partial degranulation of glycoprotein secreting cells which contain the 200 mμ granules and the globules. The S.E.R. showed also swelling and hyperactivity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307431
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    Electron microscopy of dental enamel: Analysis of crystal lattice images (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dental enamel ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Crystallography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thin sections of rat incisor enamel were studied with the electron microscope. Fringe patterns having repeat periods in the range 3.1–8.2 Å were seen in individual enamel crystals. These images were interpreted as representing the resolution of corresponding planes in the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice. The lattice spacings and interplanar angles were identified by comparing the observations with available data derived from X-ray diffraction analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307434
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    A quantitative electron microscopic analysis of myelination in the optic nerve of suckling rats treated with an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 9-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Optic nerve ; Myelination ; Hypocholesteremic drug ; Exogenous and endogenous cholesterol ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of AY-9944, an inhibitory cholesterol biosynthesis, on the myelination of the optic nerve of rats was studied. Suckling rats were injected intraperitoneally with the drug every other day from birth, and were sacrificed at 10, 20 and 30 days of age together with littermate controls. The analysis is based on counting, at the electron-microscope level, the number of unmyelinated axons and the number of myelin lamellae surrounding each myelinating axon. The results indicate that a decrease in endogenous cholesterol by AY 9944, induced an overall retardation of the myelination process in the optic nerve: a larger proportion of myelinated axons and smaller number of myelin lamellae around the myelinating axons, when compared with the littermate controls, was observed. Exogenous cholesterol from the maternal milk did not compensate for a lack in endogenous cholesterol. Degenerating myelin sheaths were frequently seen in the experimental optic nerves at 20 and 30 days of age. Numerous membranous, intracytoplasmic drug-induced inclusions were found at all ages studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307056
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    Ultrastructural study on contractile structures in mammalian nephron (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 101-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Contractile structures ; Embryonic metanephros ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytoplasmic filaments have been observed in the cells of normal and pathological kidneys. These filaments are usually grouped into bundles anchored to electron dense bodies underlying the cell membrane. In the embryonic human metanephros the filaments are found within the cells of different portions of the nephron at various stages of development. They appear first in the podocytes, almost simultaneously in the Bowman's capsule and tubular cells, then in the “mesangial cells”, and finally in the cells of the media of the afferent glomerular and interlobular arterioles. The presence of filaments and their attachment bodies in the mammalian nephron suggests that the podocytes and the so-called mesangial cells have a contractile activity, thus representing an intraglomerular apparatus which regulates the intravascular pressure, blood flow and filtration rate in the glomerular capillaries, whilst the contractile activity of the Bowman's capsule and proximal, distal, and collecting tubules, could facilitate the progression of the filtrate. The increase in number of the filaments in some pathological conditions is probably related to the functional changes of the intraluminal pressure in the glomerular capillaries, in the Bowman's space, and in the tubular lumen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307061
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    Ultrastructure de l'organe de Johnston de la Fourmi Camponotus vagus Scop. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 39-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Johnston's organ ; Camponotus vagus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) ; Chordotonal structure, Scolopidia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'organe de Johnston de Camponotus vagus est composé par un ensemble d'environ 55 structures chordotonales, chacune étant formée par une ou plusieurs scolopidies. Les terminaisons dendritiques de tous les organes chordotonaux aboutissent sous des cônes cuticulaires insérés dans la membrane d'articulation entre le pédicelle et le troisième article antennaire. Chaque scolopidie est composée de 3 dendrites; les trois segments proximaux sont entourés par une même cellule enveloppe CE1 fortement accolée aux cellules épithéliales adjacentes au moyen d'attaches spécifiques. Au niveau des racines ciliaires et des segments ciliaires les trois dendrites sont enveloppés dans une cellule scolopale qui sécrète des colonnes scolopales autour de chaque dendrite et ayant des points de jonctions avec ceux-ci. Ces colonnes scolopales se réunissent ensuite pour entourer les trois dendrites dans un cylindre scolopal unique. A partir des dilatations ciliaires les dendrites évoluent de façon différente; certains s'interrompent très tôt dans le cylindre scolopal alors que d'autres s'élèvent plus haut jusqu'à l'articulation, leur extrémité distale étant coiffée d'un tube cuticulaire. Par structure chordotonale il n'y a généralement qu'un dendrite — quel que soit le nombre des scolopidies à l'origine de la structure — qui est relié à la membrane articulaire par une «tigelle cuticulaire intermédiaire». Chaque structure chordotonale est formée par une scolopidie, ou le regroupement de plusieurs identiques à celle décrite ci-dessus. Le plus souvent les premières cellules enveloppes CE1 présentent des zones d'affrontement membranaires entre CE1 des scolopidies d'un même organe chrodotonal. A partir du niveau des cellules scolopales, deux cellules enveloppes CE2 et CE3, se relayent successivement, formant un manchon autour des groupements scolopidiaux, déterminant ainsi l'unité sensorielle. On a observé et décrit des différenciations intercellulaires à tous les niveaux du système, entre éléments nerveux d'une part et éléments nerveux et structures associées d'autre part. Des inclusions particulières telles des microtubules associées en chaîne au moyen de bras ont notamment été décrites au niveau de structures de jonctions. Le rôle des divers structures et caractères spécifiques rencontrés lors de la description de l'ensemble de la structure réceptrice est envisagé dans le sens des mécanismes de transduction.
    Notes: Summary Johnston's organ of Camponotus vagus is composed of 55 chordotonal structures, each of them being formed by one or several scolopidia. The dendritic endings of the chordotonal organs are in contact with cuticular cones which occur at the articular joint between pedicellus and the third antennal segment. Each scolopidium is composed of three dendrites. The three proximal segments are enclosed by one cell, CE1, which is connected with neighbouring epithelial cells by specific attachment zones containing microtubules. At the level of the ciliary roots and of the dendritic ciliary segments, the three dendrites are enclosed by the scolopal cell which secretes the scolopal rod around each dendrite. Some junctions occur between the dendrites and the scolopal cell. The scolopal rods are interconnected constituting the scolopal ring. The distal portion of each dendrite exhibits a different ultrastructure: some of them are short and terminate in the scolopal ring while others continue to the joint, here being covered by a cuticular canal. Generally there is only one dendrite which is connected with the joint by a cuticular stalk. Each chordotonal structure is formed by one or several scolopidia. Very often the first ensheathing cells, CE1, of one organ are connected by some intercellular differentiations. Above the scolopal cells two other ensheathing cells, CE2 and CE3 are to be found. These cells define each sensory unit. Intercellular differentiations are described at all levels of the system, between neural elements on the one hand and between neural elements and associated structures on the other hand. Specific inclusions such as associated “arm-bearing” microtubules are described near some of the junctions. The possible role of these specific structures in the process of impulse conduction in mechanoreceptors is discussed. The results are compared with those obtained from Johnston's organs of other species. Their functional significance is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307058
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    Ultrastructural studies of spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster meigen (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 125-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Meiosis ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Synaptinemal complex ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Meiosis in male Drosophila melanogaster was studied with the electron microscope. The number and the distribution of ring channels between individual members of a cluster of primary spermatocytes was determined from serial sections. The tubules with a diameter of 45 nm characteristic for meiotic prophase nuclei gave a chromatin type reaction, when treated with EDTA according to Bernhard's technique, thus suggesting that these tubules contain DNA. A material resembling central regions of synaptinemal complexes was observed in the nucleolus of primary spermatocytes during the downward movement in the testis. It is suggested that they represent unused precursors to central components of synaptinemal complexes, which are absent at pachytene of Drosophila males. Up to six tail fibers (kinetosomes + axonemes) were observed in every primary spermatocyte prior to meiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307062
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    The development of synapses in vitro between previously dissociated chick spinal cord neurons (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 203-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Development ; Chick embryo ; Cell culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formation and development of synaptic contacts between dissociated chick spinal cord neurons has been investigated. By the 6th day in vitro “immature” profiles with few vesicles were observed. By 14–18 days “mature” types with numerous vesicles were found, indistinguishable from those of newly hatched chick spinal cord. After this period degeneration occurred, and was especially marked in the post-synaptic element. Such degeneration could be postponed by the addition of small numbers of somatic muscle cells. The Kanaseki and Kadota (1969) technique was applied to the study of coated vesicles at various stages of synaptic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306695
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    Quantitative microscopical studies of the mouse peritoneal macrophage following stimulation in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 187-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Macrophage ; Differentiation ; Triolein ; Stereology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of an objective two- and three-dimensional analysis of the morphological features of normal and triolein-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages are reported. An “equivalent circle“ technique for resolving the effects of volume and surface area on volume-to-surface parameters is described. The method is a simple comparative one which does not require the actual determination of cell volume. Macrophage stimulation promoted increases in mean cell size, cytoplasmic granularity and volume-to-surface ratio. In addition, a reduction in nuclear volume-to-surface ratio accompanied in vivo stimulation. Nucleocytoplasmic ratio remained constant. The equivalent circle procedure showed that the increase in cellular volume-to-surface ratio was due largely to the increase in cell volume; the decrease in nuclear volume-to-surface ratio was primarily the result of a substantial increase in nuclear membrane surface area. Stereological estimations suggest that interiorized cell membrane (in the form of triolein-containing phagosomes) is replaced by newly reconstructed surface membrane.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306694
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    Cytologische Studien an Trichocysten (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 235-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated protozoa ; Loxophyllum and Prorodon ; Trichocysts ; Toxicysts ; Expulsion mechanism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Nesselkapseltrichocysten der Ciliaten Loxophyllum und Prorodon wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Feinstruktur sowie des Ausschleuderungsablaufes untersucht. Loxophyllum besitzt zwei morphologisch unterscheidbare Sorten von Toxicysten, wohingegen Prorodon nur eine Art dieser Organelle aufweist (Krüger, 1936). Wie an Hand gehemmter Stadien gezeigt werden kann, verläuft die Ausschleuderung bis auf geringfügige Variationen bei den drei Sorten in der gleichen Art: Schläuche, die im ruhenden Zustand bereits in den endgültigen Dimensionen in der Toxicystenkapsel eng ineinandergeschachtelt vorliegen, werden handschuhfingerförmig umgestülpt und verlassen hierdurch die Kapsel und damit den Zellkörper. Dieser Prozeß ist mit der Ausscheidung einer teils fädigen, teils amorphen Substanz gekoppelt. Der Umstülpungsvorgang der Innenstruktur der Nesselkapseltrichocysten wird mit den völlig andersartigen, während der Ausschleuderung von Mucocysten und Spindeltrichocysten ablaufenden morphologischen Veränderungen verglichen. Es zeigte sich, daß aufgrund ihrer differierenden Feinstrukturen und Funktionsweisen in den Nesselkapseltrichocysten einerseits und in den Mucocysten sowie Spindeltrichocysten andererseits zwei grundsätzlich voneinander verschiedene Organellentypen gesehen werden müssen.
    Notes: Summary The toxicysts of the ciliates Loxophyllum meleagris and Prorodon teres were examined with regard to fine structure and expulsion mechanism. Loxophyllum possesses two morphologically distinct types of toxicysts, whereas in Prorodon only one type is present. As can be shown by discharge inhibition experiments, the expulsion mechanisms, except for small variations, are identical in all three types: Tubes, which in their resting state lie closely packed one within the other possess already at this state their final dimensions; they are inverted, thereby leaving the capsule and thus the cell body. This process is correlated with the excretion of a substance partly filamentous, partly amorphous. The inversion of the tubes during the expulsion is compared to the fundamentally different morphological alterations during discharge of mucocysts and spindle trichocysts. The differences and similarities in fine structure and function between toxicysts on the one hand and mucocysts and spindle trichocysts on the other, indicate that two rather than three fundamentally different organelle types must be distinguished.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306697
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    Suppression of somatotrophs in growth hormone injected rats (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary Gland ; Rat ; Somatotropin ; Cellular Response ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of somatotrophs to large doses of purified bovine growth hormone was examined in uninephrectomized rats drinking 1% sodium chloride in an attempt to prolong the action of the hormone. Growth hormone produced a triphasic response in the ultrastructure of somatotrophs. Uninephrectomy and salt alone induced no changes in somatotrophs as compared to unoperated animals consuming tap water. In the first phase (3 days) the cross sectional area of the cell increased, the size of the largest granule per cell as well as the number of granules per cell increased significantly. All these parameters then reached control level after 7 days of injections during a second phase. Suppression of somatotrophs by exogenous growth hormone was evident by 16 days (third phase) when the area of the cell, the size of the largest secretory granule as well as the number of granules per cell all decreased significantly. Somatotrophs apparently did not react to suppression by a lysosomal mechanism inasmuch as no increase in the number of lysosome-derived structures was seen even at 16 days.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307020
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    Ultrastructural changes in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus in Galago crassicaudatus (primates) after eye enucleation (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 291-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Primate, Galago ; Optic terminals ; Eye enucleation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several types of terminals were found in the three superficial collicular layers of Galago. At least two axon terminals with round vesicles (R1 and R2) could be distinguished on the basis of vesicle packing and electron density of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial matrices. R1 axon terminals were characterized by aggregations of vesicles in an electron lucent cytoplasm and mitochondria with a relatively dark matrix, while in R2 axon terminals the vesicles were more evenly distributed in an electron dense cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix was pale. R2 endings occurred in clusters in the stratum griseum superficiale; they were absent in the stratum zonale. R1 endings were found in all three superficial collicular layers. Both types of R terminals made asymmetrical contacts with small dendrites, dendritic spines and F profiles. Profiles containing flattened vesicles and establishing symmetrical contacts were numerous, and many could be identified as dendrites by accepting as criteria for dendrites evenly spaced microtubules, clusters of ribosomes and the fact that these F profiles were postsynaptic to other terminals. F terminals were presynaptic to other F profiles, dendrites and somata; they were postsynaptic to R terminals and took part in serial synapses. Dendrodendritic contacts were frequent, somatodendritic contacts rare. After eye enucleation most R2 axon terminals underwent the electron dense degenerative reaction. The degeneration process was a lengthy one; many degenerating boutons were found 30 days after axotomy and some persisted up to 180 days postoperatively. There was strong indication that the superior colliculus received more crossed than uncrossed retinofugal fibers. The crossed and uncrossed retinocollicular axons terminated in two different substrata of the stratum griseum superficiale.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307019
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    The fine structure of the guinea-pig muscle spindle (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 357-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Guinea-pig ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nuclear bag and nuclear chain intrafusal fibres are present in guinea-pig muscle spindles. Unlike muscle spindles in other species two types of nuclear chain fibre seem to be present. The electron microscopical appearance of one type of nuclear chain fibre is similar to that of nuclear bag fibres. It is suggested that under tension the nuclei of small nuclear bag fibres become sufficiently displaced to form nuclear chain-like fibres. The frequent occurrence of fibres which combine some of the properties of both nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibres indicates the possible occurrence of a third type of intrafusal fibre. The sensory innervation of guinea-pig muscle spindles is similar to that of the cat and the rat. Three types of motor nerve ending which could be classified according to the complexity of their subneural apparatus were seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307023
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    The nucleus preopticus and the nucleus lateralis tuberis in the roach, Leuciscus rutilus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 369-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleus preopticus ; Nucleus lateralis tuberis ; Leuciscus rutilus ; Falck-Hillarp technique ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamus of the teleost fish Leuciscus rutilus was investigated with the Falck-Hillarp technique. The nucleus preopticus (NPO) and the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) contain no fluorescent, i.e. catecholaminergic cells. Green fluorescent fibers probably originating from the paraventricular organ and/or the preoptic recess organ, are intermingled with the cells. The electron microscopical study was based on the three fixatives glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide, osmium tetroxide and potassium permanganate. In the NPO two cell types are recognized, characterized mainly by dense core vesicles (dcv) with measured diameter of 130 nm and 170 nm across respectively. The endoplasmic reticulum in the former cell type generally has large dark inclusions measuring from 175 to 375 nm across, which are also found in the neurite. In the NLT, four different cell types are identified, some of which are subject to considerable variations. The rostral and the medial parts of the nucleus include a large cell type (I) with dcv of diameter 170 nm. The medial part also has a small cell type (II) with dcv of 80 nm. The lateral part is characterized by two cell types (III, IV). Cell type III occurs in three forms with dcv of about 140 nm. The fourth cell type (IV) is rare and contains irregularly formed granules, the most circular ones measuring about 130 nm and the most elongated ones 110 nm×210 nm. The ventrolateral part contains the same cell types (except for type II) as those found in the lateral and medial parts. The morphological differentiation of the NLT as well as its different cell types strongly indicates its functional diversity. After permanganate fixation the secretory granules of the different cell types in the NPO and the NLT appear as “empty” vesicles. This method also reveals that the cell types of the two nuclei have dcv of about 90 nm. The possible monoaminergic content and the role of these dcv are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307024
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    Dense-core vesicles in motor nerve terminals (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle innervation ; Myxine glutinosa (L.) ; Dense-core vesicles ; Monoamine fluorescence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Motor nerve terminals on “white” and “intermediate” muscle fibers of the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) contain translucent synpatic vesicles and about 1–2% dense-core vesicles. Terminals on “red” muscle fibers contain up to 40% dense-core vesicles with diameter 800–1100 Å. Examinations for formaldehyde-induced fluorescence indicate yellow fluorescence (5-HT ?) apparently corresponding with terminal axons on “red” muscle fibers in craniovelar muscles. Possibly “red” muscle fibers of Myxine receive monoaminergic innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307028
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    An analysis of some aspects of synaptosomal ultrastructure by the use of serial sections (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 481-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptosomes ; Dense projections ; Complex vesicles ; Serial sections ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptosomes and synaptic junctions have been examined employing serial sections, with emphasis placed on four areas of investigation. 1. Starting from unequivocal synaptosomal profiles and tracing them through consecutive sections to the periphery of the synaptosomes, it is clear that vesicles are the one constant feature of the presynaptic terminal. In no instance was it possible to identify an empty membranous profile as synaptosomal. 2. Following a similar procedure it was found that the criteria required to predict the existence of a junctional region within a synaptosomal profile are: the accumulation of synaptic vesicles at one locus within its presynaptic component, and the presence of a postsynaptic profile characterized by two or more junctional features. 3. Serial sections of non-osmicated, PTA stained synaptic junctions confirm the regularity and orderliness of dense projection distribution along the length of the junction. 4. Complex vesicles can usually be followed in two and sometimes three adjacent sections, appearing either as intact vesicles or empty shells. Further observations confirmed that the latter profiles may be sections through the periphery of intact vesicles or through isolated shell fragments. They are more common in the latter form in unbuffered material.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306675
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  • 87
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    Effects of parathyroid hormone on osteoclasts in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 529-544 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Parathyroid hormone ; Lysosomes ; Bone resorption ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Young rats were treated with high doses of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Osteoclasts from these animals revealed characteristic alterations in comparison to control cells: a) The cytoplasm contained large vacuoles with phagocytosed cells, some of which resembled osteoblasts or osteocytes. The vacuoles were interpreted as lysosomes because the engulfed cells often appeared partly digested and the vacuoles contained acid phosphatase as demonstrated histochemically, b) lipid droplets were present in the cytoplasm and usually located close to the endoplasmic reticulum and/or in regions with many free ribosomes, c) the Golgi complex was more frequently separated from the nuclei than in control cells, d) small coated cytoplasmic bodies were numerous in the peripheral cytoplasm, e) the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were fused in some places, f) cytoplasmic regions with numerous free ribosomes were frequent, g) large ring-shaped granules occurred in some mitochondria. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of these granules provided evidence that they contained calcium and probably phosphorus, h) in some osteoclasts the mitochondria were enlarged. — The findings are consistent with an increased activity of osteoclasts and in particular a stimulation of the lysosomal system in these cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307123
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    Histological and ultrastructural observations on wound healing in the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 561-573 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Wound healing ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Amoebocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The process of wound healing in Lymnaea stagnalis was studied by light and electron microscopy. Snails were wounded by making incisions in the skin. The observations showed that the wounds are closed by muscular contraction and by formation of thrombi of blood amoebocytes. These thrombi form a large amoebocyte plug. During the first 72 hrs after incision thin tubules (diameter 175–225 Å) were observed between the amoebocytes in the plug. Possibly these tubules represent a blood clotting protein. The round amoebocytes constituting the plug can be regarded as normal blood amoebocytes. First, ultrastructurally they closely resemble the amoebocytes of the circulating blood. Second, not only blood amoebocytes but also plug amoebocytes of snails injected with India ink before incision contained ink particles, indicating that the cells are of one type. Apparently due to phagocytosis of cell debris the number of lysosomes in plug amoebocytes increased during the first days after incision. Eighteen to twenty four hrs after incision the first signs of differentiation of round plug amoebocytes into flattened cells were observed. Between these cells collagen was seen from 3–5 days after incision and onwards. It is suggested that these flattened amoebocytes produce collagen fibrils. These cells are structurally different from collagen producing fibroblasts and from muscle cells of the surrounding connective tissue. Transformations of amoebocytes into these two latter cell types were not found. Ninety days after incision the connective tissue in the wound area is still different from that on non-injured sites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307125
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  • 89
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    Ultrastructure of leydig cell paracrystalline inclusions, possibly related to reinke crystals, in the normal human testis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 13-26 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paracrystals ; Reinke crystals ; Leydig cells ; Normal human testis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary One of two types of paracrystalline inclusions, other than Reinke crystals, was encountered in the Leydig cells of the normal mature testes of 9 out of 10 patients. The basic ultrastructure of these formations was that of parallel arrays of fine filaments (8 cases) or tubules (1 case). The filamentous structures, designated as type A paracrystals, consisted of fascicles of parallel rows of 4 or 5 dense fibrils. The latter typically contained dense granules or banded striations spaced at regular intervals. In 4 cases the inclusions were found in the cytoplasm while in 4 others they were confined to the nuclei. The tubular type of paracrystal, type B, was observed in only one patient. Here, groups of closely packed tubular inclusions occupied large portions of cytoplasm. The tubular walls were composed of closely applied, small, circular profiles. In no instance were paracrystals and Reinke crystals encountered in the same cell. A possible role of the former as precursors of the latter is discussed but there is no strong supporting evidence for this despite certain suggestive similarities in unit and subunit measurements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306701
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  • 90
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    Post-coital depletion of dense-core vesicles from the external layer of the rabbit median eminence (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 27-36 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence (Rabbit) ; Dense-core vesicles depletion ; Releasing factors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of mating on the depletion of osmiophilic material from dense-core vesicles (DCV) within the external layer of the rabbit median eminence (ME) were investigated. Two different populations of DCV were demonstrated within the ME external layer of the non-mated control animals. A plot of the diameters of these vesicles showed two peaks, one at 90–100 nm, and the other at 120–130 nm. These two populations of DCV were found in separate axons and axon terminals in contact with, or near the perivascular spaces of, portal capillaries. Within these axons and terminals an occasional membrane profile or “vesicle ghost” was also observed. The same two populations of DCV were evident in the ME external layer of animals that were sacrificed at 10 minutes post-coitus. In these experimental animals, the number and size of the smaller population of DCV were the same as those of the none-mated controls. However, there was an obvious decrease in the number of the large (120–130nm) DCV, together with a simultaneous marked increase in the number of “vesicle ghosts”. These ghosts had a mean diameter of 137±14 nm. On the basis of their size, it is suggested that the “vesicle ghosts” represent large DCV that have been depleted of their content following mating. Ultrastructural evidence for the depletion of osmiophilic material from the large DCV of mated animals is provided. According to previous writers the smaller DCV within the ME are aminergic, whereas the larger DCV may contain releasing factors (RF). Our findings provide further morphological evidence to support this hypothesis. Furthermore, RF and biogenic amines appear to be contained within separate nerve terminals in the rabbit ME.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306702
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    On the regeneration of the eye in Helix aspersa and Cryptomphallus aspersa (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Snail ; Regeneration of eye ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distal half of the posterior tentacle of adult Helix aspersa and Cryptomphallus aspersa was removed and the proximal half was studied with light and electron microscopy after different intervals. The tentacle itself does not regenerate, but the receptor organs at the distal end of the normal tentacle differentiate at the level of the section. The newly formed eye is smaller than the control; however, its components and subcellular characteristics resemble those of the normal eye.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306704
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    Effects of colchicine and vinblastine on neurotubules of the sciatic nerve and cholinesterases in the developing myoneural junction of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular junction ; Development ; Cholinesterases ; Axonal transport, Neurotubules, Colchicine, Vinblastine ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Colchicine (0.1 M) or vinblastine (0.01 M) was locally applied on the sciatic nerves of newborn rats. Both colchicine and vinblastine caused reversible disappearance of axonal neurotubules and appearance of increased amounts of neurofilaments at the site of application. Subsequent morphogenesis of myoneural junctions in the tibialis anterior muscle was studied after histochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) and non-specific cholinesterase (Ns. ChE; E.C. 3.1.1.8) activity in the myoneural area. Development of the postsynaptic muscle plasma membrane of the myoneural junction was arrested in the ipsilateral, but not in the contralateral control side, for a period of about three weeks following treatment with the test substances. After this delay the myoneural morphogenesis continued normally and neurotubules were seen in the axoplasm. Since disruption of neurotubules is likely to cause blockage of the intratubular axoplasmic transport system, it seems possible that the neurotrophic influence responsible for the development of the postsynaptic muscle membrane is mediated through a secretory product transported along axons intratubularly to the nerve endings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307032
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for basal secretion in the subcommissural organ of the adult rabbit (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 223-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ (SCO) ; Basal secretion, Lateral secretion ; Extracellular spaces (ECS) ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological evidence is presented supporting the possibility of basal secretion into hypendymal capillaries of the adult rabbit subcommissural organ (SCO). The synthetic apparatus of the SCO cell is described as well as the heterogeneous granules and vesicles which are concentrated in the basal processes bordering a widened perivascular space. The origin of the electron dense granules, of which two fairly distinct subgroups are found, is discussed. A binding of secretory sacs to the lateral plasma membrane is seen. The possibility of a lateral secretion is supported by the presence of a system of extracellular channels between SCO cells which are filled with a flocculent material resembling that of the secretory sacs. Nerve perikarya which are separated from the SCO by only a few glial fibers are demonstrated. Synapses are described in nerve fascicles bordering on the hypendymal capillaries. The possibility of an innervation of the hypendymal region is discussed as well as possible nervous connections with the pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307034
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of colchicine on release of neurosecretory material from the posterior pituitary gland of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 443-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Posterior Pituitary gland ; Colchicine ; Axoplasmic flow ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of colchicine on the release of neurosecretory material from the posterior pituitary gland was investigated in the rat in vivo and in vitro. Colchicine was administered subarachnoidally when neurophysin, radiolabelled by injection of (35S) cysteine into the supraoptic nucleus, had accumulated in the neural lobe. Dehydration for 3 days of non-colchicine-treated rats was followed by a 100% reduction of neurophysin-bound radioactivity. When colchicine was given prior to dehydration, the reduction of radioactive neurophysin was less marked. Colchicine treatment alone was likewise followed by a lowering of protein-bound radioactivity in the neural lobe, which may indicate that colchicine, in addition to blocking the rapid axonal transport of neurosecretory material, also impedes the slow transport. The release of radioactive neurophysin in response to depolarizing concentration of potassium in vitro was diminished in the presence of colchicine, the reduction being most pronounced after colchicine treatment in vivo. The biochemical data prove the view that colchicine inhibits the release of neurosecretory material from the neural lobe. The ultrastructural findings support the biochemical data. Thus, colchicine treatment alone or followed by dehydration induced a marked increase in the number of organelles, especially of mitochondria and dense bodies. There was a marked increase in the number of enlarged axons filled with dammed organelles in the infundibulum and neurohypophysis. There was an accumulation of dense core vesicles and microvesicles in the axonal terminals in the neurohypophysis after treatment with either colchicine or colchicine followed by dehydration, which indicates an impediment of the release process. Dehydration alone induced a depletion of the dense core vesicles in the terminals. Out from the combined biochemical and ultrastructural findings possible mechanisms for the action of colchicine are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306709
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of adenohypophysiotropic neurohormone producing neurosecretory cells in Rana temporaria (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 479-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence (Frog) ; Tubero-hypophysial system ; Neurosecretory axon types ; Release phenomena ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of electron microscopy, in the median eminence of Rana temporaria, the terminal arborizations of axons of six different types of neurosecretory cells, located in the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum, were identified. In addition, phenomena connected with the release of neurosecretory material from the axon terminals of these neurosecretory cells into the blood capillaries of the median eminence are described. Preliminary results suggested the existence, in the median eminence, of additional different neurosecretory axon types which could also belong to corresponding neurosecretory cell types probably located in the apical part of the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum. Moreover, in the external region of the normal median eminence, separate monoaminergic nerve fibres were tentatively identified. Arguments are adduced which plead (1) against the assumption that the ependyma or the pituicytes of the median eminence could produce adenohypophysiotropic hormones; (2) against the inference that the ependymal cells of the median eminence might be involved in the transport of adenohypophysiotropic hormones from the cerebrospinal fluid into the blood capillaries of the median eminence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306711
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topochemischer Nachweis von carbonylhaltigen Verbindungen im Thymus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 465-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rabbit thymus ; Ketosteroids ; Granulated cells ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Topochemisch konnten im Kaninchenthymus Ketosteroide nachgewiesen werden, für deren Vorhandensein die chemische Analyse von Thymuslipidextrakten Hinweise ergeben hatte. Die Darstellung der Ketosteroide erfolgte mit der NAHD-Reaktion (Camber, 1949). Diese Befunde dürften als spezifisch gelten, da eine Verfälschung durch freie Gewebsaldehyde, Plasmalogene (Gomori, 1952) und Corticosteroide (Khanolkar et al., 1958) ausgeschlossen wurde. Mit Hilfe der Camber-Methode konnten Granula bestimmter Zellen des Kaninchenthymus selektiv dargestellt werden, die auf Grund morphologischer Kriterien in zwei Gruppen unterteilt wurden. Die Zellen liegen im gesamten Thymusparenchym sowie im Bindegewebe der Septen und der sogenannten „Kapsel“. Prädilektionsorte stellen die Umgebung der Hassallschen Körperchen, die Mark-Rinden-Grenze, der intra- und perivasale Raum sowie die subkapsuläre Zone dar. Beide Zellgruppen sind Sudan III-, PAS- und Eosin-positiv, besitzen eine ausgeprägte gelbgrüne Eigenfluoreszenz und können differentialdiagnostisch gegen Mastzellen abgegrenzt werden. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigen beide Zellgruppen zahlreiche Übereinstimmungen mit Reifestadien eosinophiler Knochenmarkszellen.
    Notes: Summary Ketosteroids were demonstrated topochemically in the rabbit thymus following indications given by chemical analysis of thymus lipid extracts. They were revealed by means of the NAHD-reaction (Camber, 1949). The results are thought to be specific, because adulteration by free tissue aldehydes, plasmalogens (Gomori, 1952) and corticosteroids (Khanolkar et al., 1958) can be excluded. The Camber-method selectively reveals the presence of two groups of morphologically differentiable granules in specific rabbit thymus cells which are distributed throughout the entire thymic parenchyme as well as in the connective tissue of the septa and the in so-called “capsule”. They are mainly seen in the vicinity of Hassall's bodies, in the zone between medulla and cortex, the intra- and perivascular space and in the subcapsular space. Both cell groups are Sudan III-, PAS- and eosin-positive, show intensive yellow-green primary fluorescence and can be distinguished from mast cells by differential diagnosis. Electron microscopy reveals that both cell groups show many similarities with the maturation phase of bone marrow eosinophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306710
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of four types of striated muscle fibers in the atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 273-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle fiber types ; Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) ; Myosatellite cells ; Intranuclear rodlets ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four types of striated muscle fibers with distinctive ultrastructure were defined in the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.): “white”, “intermediate”, and “red” fibers of m. parietalis, and “red” fibers of m. craniovelaris. “White” fibers are thick, contain very few mitochondria and fat vacuoles, and possess distinct and separate myofibrils with thin Z-disks and distinct M-lines. “Intermediate” fibers are thinner, possess largely similar myofibrils that often are even better separated due to a higher content of fat vacuoles and especially mitochondria and glycogen granules. “Red” fibers of m. parietalis contain large amounts of mitochondria, fat vacuoles, and glycogen granules. Their myofibrils possess M-lines, and although branching more, the myofibrils of “red” fibers conform with a “Fibrillenstruktur” pattern like those of “white” and “intermediate” fibers. “Red” fibers of m. craniovelaris are very thin, possess many smaller fat vacuoles, and large amounts of mitochondria and glycogen granules. The myofibrils are significantly thinner than in m. parietalis fibers, run as quite independent well separated units, possess thicker Z-disks, and lack M-lines. Large amounts of myosatellite cells are associated with these “red” fibers. Triads are located near A/I-junctions in all four fiber types and occur irregularly, the density of triads being different in the various fiber types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307482
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the surface coat of Paramecium aurelia (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Surface coat (Paramecium aurelia) ; Ruthenium red staining ; Enzyme treatment ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma membrane of Paramecium aurelia is covered with a ruthenium red stainable surface coat. Results obtained after digestion with pronase, trypsin and neuraminidase suggest the glycoprotein nature of this structure. Lipid extraction also affects the surface coat forming material. The results are consistent with the model proposed by Ginsburg and Kobata dealing with spatial configuration of the surface coat components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307420
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure de l'épithélium tégumentaire de Glossiphonia complanata (L.) (Hirudinée): cellules épithéliales et organes sensoriels de Bayer (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 355-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Integument ; Hirudinea ; Sensory organs ; Nerves ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le tégument de Glossiphonia complanata comprend, outre les cellules épithéliales banales, de nombreux organes particuliers ou organes de Bayer, regroupés essentiellement sur la face dorsale de l'animal. Ils sont formés par une cellule apicale saillante enchassée dans une cellule musculaire en anneau. L'ensemble de ces formations est étudié du point de vue ultrastructural. Des cellules épithéliales partent des fibres nerveuses afférentes, sans doute vecteur des perceptions de stimuli mécaniques de pression au niveau du tégument; la réponse se faisant sans doute par la contraction de la cellule basale de chaque organe de Bayer, innervée par des fibres nerveuses efférentes, entrainant la saillie de la cellule apicale. Le hérissement de ces nombreuses papilles du tégument dorsal pourrait être un signal perçu par le partenaire sexuel, chez cette Hirudinée à fécondation hypodermique.
    Notes: Summary The integument of Glossiphonia complanata, built up by epithelial cells, contains numerous particular organs (Bayer organs), mainly on the dorsal side of the animal. They consist of a protuberant apical cell, which is surrounded by a ring-shaped muscle cell. All the integumentary formations are studied from an ultrastructural point of view. From the epithelial cells issue afferent nerve fibres, considered as vectors of the perception of mechanical stimuli of pressure at the level of the integument; the response no doubt operating by the contraction of the basal muscle cell of each Bayer organ, innervated by efferent nerve fibres, bringing forth the protrusion of the apical cell. The erection of these numerous papillae of the dorsal integument might be a signal perceived by the sexual partner, fecundation occurring in this group of leeches under the integument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307421
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New types of endoplasmic reticulum in neurons of the paracervical ganglion of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 505-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum ; Paracervical ganglion (Rat) ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two new types of structure of the cytoplasm of an autonomic neuron were described: (1) Inclusions of the rough ergastoplasmic reticulum, which were named “ergastosomes”, contain finely granular material with moderately electron opaque staining with both glutaraldehyde-OsO4 and KMnO4 fixations. A short comment was made on the nature of the contents of the ergastosomes. (2) Tubular formations of endoplasmic reticulum were found in the axons and/or dendrites of the paracervical ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306769
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