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  • 1
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Laparoscopic colectomy ; Laparotomy ; Postoperative ileus ; Complications ; Nasogastric tube ; Colectomy ; Colorectal surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the length of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing colectomy by either laparotomy or laparoscopy. METHODS: A total of 166 patients were studied. These patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, in which colectomy was done laparoscopically, and Group 2, consisting of patients undergoing laparotomy. Both groups contained 83 patients who were matched for disease severity, indications for surgery, and procedure. Indications for surgery included sigmoid diverticulitis in 12 (14 percent) patients, polyps in 22 (27 percent), Crohn's disease in 21 (25 percent), colorectal cancer in 11 (13 percent), stoma reversal in 8 (10 percent), rectal prolapse in 3 (4 percent), and other indications in 6 (7 percent) in each group. Operations were colectomy with anastomosis (42 ileocolic, 26 colorectal, 6 colocolic, 4 ileorectal, and 2 ileal J pouch) or without anastomosis (3 abdominoperineal resections) performed by the same surgeons during the same time period (January 1993 to October 1996). The nasogastric tube was removed from all patients immediately after surgery in both groups. All patients received a clear liquid diet on the first postoperative day, followed by a regular diet as tolerated. The nasogastric tube was reinserted if two or more episodes of emesis of more than 200 ml occurred in the absence of bowel movement. Patients were discharged from the hospital when tolerating a regular diet without evidence of ileus. Statistical analysis was performed using unpairedt-test and Fisher's exact probability test. RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio was 38 to 45 in both groups. A total of 10 (12 percent) and 23 (28 percent) patients in Group 1 and Group 2 had emesis (P=0.02), and the rate of nasogastric tube reinsertion was 5 (6 percent) and 13 (16 percent), respectively (P〉0.05). There were significant differences between Groups 1 and 2 relative to the lengths of ileus (3.5±1.3vs. 5.4±1.7 days, respectively;P〈0.001), hospitalization (6.6±3.3vs. 8.1±2.5 days, respectively;P〈0.002), and operative time (170±60vs. 114±46 minutes, respectively;P〈0.001). The morbidity rate was 16 (19.2 percent) and 18 (21.6 percent) in the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although early oral intake is safe and can be tolerated by 84 percent of patients after colectomy by laparotomy, laparoscopic colectomy reduced the lengths of both postoperative ileus and hospitalization.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 396-401 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal carcinoma ; Cathepsin D ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Although it has been suggested that cathepsin D, a lysosomal protease, is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis in human colorectal cancers, conflicting studies have also been reported recently. In addition, this issue has been only rarely studied in human colorectal tumors by use of immunohistochemical methods. The aim of the study presented here was to clarify not only the correlation between cathepsin D expression and tumor invasion or metastasis but also the correlation between the intracellular immunostaining pattern of cathepsin D and tumor invasion and metastasis in human colorectal tumors. METHODS: Thirty-four primary colorectal adenocarcinomas and 24 adenomas were immunostained by use of an anticathepsin D antibody. Both the incidence and the immunostaining patterns of cathepsin D were investigated in all tissue samples. RESULTS: Three different immunostaining patterns,i.e., supranuclear, basal, and diffuse, were observed in samples containing cathepsin D. Although the incidence of cathepsin D-positive carcinomas was not correlated with tumor progression, invasion, or metastasis, the immunostaining pattern was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that abnormal cathepsin D immunostaining patterns (basal or diffuse) can be used to predict a potential for lymphatic invasion in colorectal carcinoma.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 31-34 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Hemorrhoidectomy ; Postoperative pain ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare closed (Ferguson) hemorrhoidectomy to open (Milligan-Morgan) hemorrhoidectomy regarding postoperative conditions, complications, and long-term results. METHOD: This was a randomized study of 77 patients with second-degree or third-degree hemorrhoids suitable for hemorrhoidectomy. In 39 patients the Milligan-Morgan procedure was used, and in 38 patients the Ferguson procedure was used. Details of operations, postoperative complications, and length of postoperative stay were recorded. Pain was assessed from a visual analog scale and by registration of postoperative analgesic medication. Follow-up was done at three weeks, six weeks, and by visit or telephone interview after at least a year. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the two methods regarding complications, pain, or postoperative stay. There were four reoperations for bleeding, all after Milligan-Morgan operations. At follow-up after three weeks 86 percent of the Ferguson patients had completely healed wounds, and none had signs of infection. Of the Milligan-Morgan patients, only 18 percent had completely healed wounds, and symptoms of delayed wound healing were significantly more frequent. One patient had a superficial wound infection. After one year more than 10 percent in each group had recurrent hemorrhoids with symptoms. CONCLUSION: Both methods are fairly efficient treatment for hemorrhoids, without serious draw-backs. The closed method has no advantage in postoperative pain reduction, but wounds heal faster, and the risk of wound dehiscence seems exaggerated.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Single-stage proctocolectomy ; Crohn's disease ; Complications ; Delayed perineal wound healing ; Stomal complications ; Long-term results ; Recurrence ; Risk factor for recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to review our overall experience of single-stage proctocolectomy for Crohn's disease. METHODS: One hundred three patients who underwent single-stage proctocolectomy for Crohn's disease between 1958 and 1997 were reviewed. Factors affecting the incidence of recurrence were examined using a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Principal indications for proctocolectomy were chronic colitis (49 percent), acute colitis (37 percent), and anorectal disease (14 percent). The commonest postoperative complication was delayed perineal wound healing (n=36; 35 percent), followed by intra-abdominal sepsis (17 percent) and stomal complications (15 percent). In 23 patients the perineal wound healed between three and six months after proctocolectomy, whereas in 13 patients the wound remained unhealed for more than six months. There were two hospital deaths (2 percent) caused by sepsis. The 5-year, 10-year, and 15-year cumulative reoperation rates for small-bowel recurrence were 13, 17, and 25 percent, respectively, after a median follow-up of 18.6 years. From a multivariate analysis, factors affecting reoperation rate for recurrence were gender (male; hazard ratio 2.4vs. female;P=0.03) and age at operation (≤30 years; hazard ratio 2.6vs. 〉30 years;P=0.04). The following factors did not affect the reoperation rate: duration of symptoms, smoking habits, associated perforating disease, coexisting small-bowel disease, postoperative complications, and medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Proctocolectomy for Crohn's disease is associated with a high incidence of complications, particularly delayed perineal wound healing. Proctocolectomy carries a low recurrence rate in the long term. However, young male patients are at high risk of recurrence.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 419-422 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Neuropathy ; Femoral nerve ; Colectomy ; Complications ; Retractors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Postoperative femoral neuropathy is an uncommon complication of abdominal surgery. We present four cases occurring after colectomy at our institution and discuss the diagnosis and treatment.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 743-751 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Fecal incontinence ; Dynamic graciloplasty ; Neurostimulation ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Dynamic graciloplasty has been used for intractable fecal incontinence, and good results have been reported. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the safety and efficacy of dynamic graciloplasty for intractable fecal incontinence in a prospective, multicenter trial. METHODS: A total of 123 adults were treated with dynamic graciloplasty at 20 institutions. Continence was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by use of 14-day diaries. RESULTS: There was one treatment-related death. One hundred eighty-nine adverse events occurred in 91 patients (74 percent). Forty-nine patients (40 percent) required one or more operations to treat complications. One hundred seventy (90 percent) events were resolved. Sixty-three percent of patients without pre-existing stomas recorded a 50 percent or greater decrease in incontinent events 12 months after dynamic graciloplasty, and an additional 11 percent experienced lesser degrees of improvement. Twenty-six percent were not improved, worsened, or exited. In patients with pre-existing stomas, 33 percent achieved successful outcomes at 12 months. This number increased to 60 percent at 18 months. Seventy-eight percent of patients had increased enema retention time, and mean anal canal pressures improved significantly at 12 months. Significant changes in quality of life were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Objective improvement can be demonstrated in the majority of patients with end-stage fecal incontinence treated with dynamic graciloplasty. Reduction in incontinence episodes can be correlated with improved quality of life. Adverse events are frequently encountered, but most resolve with treatment.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Cephalic vein ; Subclavian vein ; Central venous access ; Implanted port ; Tunneled catheter ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Chronic indwelling central venous access devices (CICVAD) generally are placed by the percutaneous subclavian vein approach. The cephalic vein cutdown approach is used only infrequently. Although the technique has been well described, few prospective data are available on the cephalic vein cutdown approach. Methods: From September 9, 1998, to July 20, 1999, the cephalic vein cutdown approach was attempted in 100 consecutive cancer patients taken to the operating room with the intention of placing CICVAD. Median patient age was 54.5 years (range 18–88), with 46 men and 54 women. Twenty-five patients had gastrointestinal malignancies, 17 had breast cancer, 15 had lymphoma, 13 had lung cancer, 12 had leukemia, 5 had multiple myeloma, and 13 had other malignancies. Patients were followed prospectively for immediate and long-term outcome. Results: CICVAD placement via the cephalic vein cutdown approach was successful in 82 patients; the remaining 18 patients required conversion to a percutaneous subclavian vein approach. The reasons for inability to place CICVAD via cephalic vein cutdown approach were a cephalic vein that was too small (10 patients), an absent cephalic vein (7 patients), and inability to traverse the angle of insertion of the cephalic vein into the subclavian vein (1 patient). There were 56 subcutaneous ports and 26 tunneled catheters. Median operating time was 44 minutes (range, 26–79 minutes). No postoperative pneumothorax occurred. Median catheter duration was 198 days (range, 0–513 days). Long-term complications included catheter-related bacteremia (6%), site infection (2%), deep venous thrombosis (5%), port pocket hematoma (1%), and superior vena cava stricture (1%). Thirty-seven percent of patients have died since CICVAD placement. Twenty-nine percent of the CICVADs have been removed. Conclusions: The cephalic vein cutdown approach was successful in 82% of patients. This approach is a safe and useful alternative to the percutaneous subclavian vein approach.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Melanoma ; Sentinel node analysis ; Tyrosinase RT-PCR ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of serial sectioning is considered the gold standard for detection of melanoma activity in sentinel node (SN) biopsies. However, this is cost and labor intensive. In contrast, tyrosinase reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is simple and quick, but it is hampered by its extreme sensitivity. This study was performed to test whether a strategy that combines the two methods, using tyrosinase RT-PCR to preselect nodes for IHC, could be accurate and cost effective. Methods: In 36 patients, SNs were identified by scintigraphy and patent blue uptake. Of each SN, one cross section was analyzed first by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Next, all nodes were examined by serial sectioning and IHC of one-half and tyrosinase RT-PCR of the other. Before comparison, all results were documented in a blinded manner. Material costs and workload estimates were noted per SN. Results: Fifty-five SNs were retrieved from the 36 patients. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the first cross section revealed tumor positivity in 3 patients (6 SN). Tyrosinase RT-PCR was positive in 11 of the remaining 33 patients (19 of 49 SN). Of these same 11 patients, only 5 were shown to have tumor-positive SNs by using IHC on serial sections (7 SN). All these nodes had been positive for tyrosinase on PCR. For IHC, an average of 40 sections were prepared and examined per SN at a cost of $200(U.S.)/SN. In contrast, routine tyrosinase RT-PCR costs $37(U.S.)/SN, and takes 5% of the time necessary for IHC. A strategy including hematoxylin and eosin staining on the first cross section, followed by tyrosinase RT-PCR on half of each negative (half) node, could preselect nodes to be taken through serial sectioning. In these series, such a strategy would have prevented serial sectioning and IHC of 30 SN from 22 patients. Apart from a considerable gain in efficiency, this would have reduced material costs by a minimum of $6000 (U.S.). This iscrepancy would be even higher if work intensity of analysts and pathologists were considered. Conclusions: In routine analysis of SN biopsies in melanoma patients, tyrosinase RT-PCR can be used effectively to preselect nodes for further IHC of serial sections. This method seems both time and cost effective.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1628-1631 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Gracilis muscle flap ; Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Failure of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis may result in unsuccessful completion of the anastomosis or removal of an ischemic pouch. We report a technique for preservation of the muscular wall of the rectum after mucosal dissection, which allowed a successful delayed pull-through.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1749-1753 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Adhesions ; Operative technique ; Complications ; Economics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to document prospectively the time required to gain access to the abdomen to perform a planned procedure in patients with and without previous surgery. METHODS: Patients were obtained from the consecutive cases of 11 surgeons at three colorectal surgery centers. Opening time (skin incision to retractor placement) was measured and recorded in the operating room by the circulating nurse or by an independent researcher. Demographic data including the number and type of previous operations and the presence and severity of adhesions were recorded by the staff surgeon. A comparison of opening times between patients with and without previous abdominal operations was conducted. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-eight patients had abdominal operations. Fifty-five percent had previous abdominal procedures. Patients with prior surgery required a mean of 21 minutes to open their abdomens, whereas patients without prior surgery required a mean of 6 minutes (P〈0.01). The median times were 17 and 6 minutes, respectively. Eighty-three percent of patients with prior surgery had adhesions, whereas only 7 percent of patients had adhesions on their initial operation. Patients with prior surgery also had higher grade adhesions (P〈0.001). Irrespective of previous surgery, comparing patients with adhesions with those without, patients with adhesions required a mean of 22 minutes to open, whereas the lack of adhesions resulted in a mean opening time of 6 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Previous surgery and the presence of adhesions add significant time to opening the abdomen.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Pilonidal cyst ; Lumbar osteomyelis ; Epidural abscess ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was conducted to report the rare presentation of lumbar osteomyelitis and epidural abscess as a complication of a pilonidal cyst. METHODS: A case report is presented. RESULTS: We describe the rare case of a male patient with diabetes with a recurring pilonidal cyst who developed a lumbar osteomyelitis and epidural abscess three weeks after pilonidal cyst excision with epidural anesthesia, with a fatal outcome despite emergency treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Life-threatening complications should be kept in mind in high-risk patients with repetitive surgery and neurologic involvement.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words Mucosal gastric cancer ; Micrometastasis ; Cytokeratin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. Endoscopic mucosal resection is frequently used in the treatment of mucosal gastric cancer. Micrometastasis in the lymph nodes of mucosal gastric cancer remains unclear. Methods. We examined 2526 lymph nodes from 84 patients with mucosal gastric cancer. Two consecutive sections were prepared, for simultaneous staining with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostaining with CAM 5.2 monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin (CK), respectively. A clinicopathological comparison was made between patients with and without lymph node involvement. Results. Lymph node involvement was detected in 45 of 2526 (1.8%) lymph nodes. The incidence of nodal involvement was significantly increased, from 1.2% (1/84 patients) with hematoxylin and eosin staining, to 19% (16/84 patients) with CK immunostaining. Although no significant difference was found, micrometastasis to lymph nodes was more frequently detected in tumors larger than 1.0 cm (15/72 patients, 21%) than in those less than or equal to 1.0 cm (1/12 patients; 8%, P = 0.307). However, discrete CK-positive cancer cells or clusters of CK-positive cancer cells were detected only in tumors larger than 2 cm. Conclusion. Because mucosal gastric cancer of more than 1.0 cm in superficial diameter may indicate a risk of micrometastasis to lymph nodes, endoscopic mucosal resection is not recommended for these patients.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 113 (2000), S. 268-271 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Surfactant-associated protein A ; Immunohistochemistry ; Asphyxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the usefulness of pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) as a practical diagnostic marker of fatal mechanical asphyxia in forensic autopsy cases. ¶A total of 27 cases of asphyxia were examined histologically and immunohistochemically and compared with a control group consisting of 16 cases of poisoning (n = 9) and peracute death (n = 7). Both groups showed histological findings of local atelectasis and local emphysema, congestion, intra-alveolar and interstitial edema in most cases and pulmonary hemorrhages in some cases. The mechanical asphyxia group showed a significantly increased intensity of SP-A staining in the intra-alveolar space accompanied by many massive aggregates in approximately 60% of cases, which was not found in the control group. These structures may be interpreted as aggregates of pulmonary surfactant released from the alveolar wall due to enhanced secretion caused by strong forced breathing or over-excitement of the autonomic nervous system by mechanical asphyxia. The results of our investigation suggest the practical usefulness of the immunohistochemical detection of SP-A in distinguishing mechanical asphyxia from other types of hypoxia.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 113 (2000), S. 288-292 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Brain injury ; Cortical contusion ; Vascular ¶reaction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Wound age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract In a total of 104 individuals who had sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI), the time-dependent vascular response was investigated at the injured cortical area during the first 30 weeks after the trauma. The immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral blood vessels was performed with antibodies against laminin, type IV collagen, tenascin, thrombomodulin and factor VIII associated antigen. Compared to the immunoreactivity in unaltered control tissue, a significantly increased vascular expression could be detected in cortical contusions after a postinfliction interval of at least 3 h for factor VIII, after 1.6 days for tenascin or after 6.8 days for thrombomodulin, whereas the immunostaining for laminin and type IV collagen was regularly positive even in the vascular endothelium of uninjured brain tissue.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 28-38 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Beckenverletzung ; Begleitverletzung ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Algorithmus ; Keywords ; Pelvic trauma ; Concomitant lesions ; Diagnosis ; Therapy ; Algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: The injuries that typically accompany pelvic fractures are lesions of the urogenital tract, the lumbosacral plexus, and the retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal organs. The prognosis depends heavily on early recognition of the abdominal- and retroperitoneal injuries, which are frequently a primary threat to vital functions. Missing these injuries would be very serious, as the mortality with early diagnosis and adequate treatment is normally low; according to the results reported in the literature, delayed therapy leads to increasing mortality rates of up to 80%. Experience in trauma centres has shown that for complete ascertainment of accompanying injuries it is necessary to perform a systematic diagnosis according to a fixed algorithm. The treatment of the concomitant injuries accompanying a complex pelvic trauma is fundamentally different from the treatment of patients with isolated injuries. A high survival rate with a low postoperative complication rate cannot be achieved except with specialist surgical management tailored to the primary life-threatening lesions. After determination and recording of the injury pattern a therapy concept must be made at once. A trauma algorithm can be helpful when treatment is selected. Step-by-step treatment with several operative phases alternating with recovery and stabilization periods under intensive care conditions has proved worthwhile.
    Notes: Typische Begleitverletzungen von Beckenfrakturen sind Verletzungen des Urogenitaltrakts, des Plexus lumbosacralis und intraabdominaler Organe. Entscheidend für die Prognose ist das rechtzeitige Erkennen v. a. der häufig primär vital gefährdenden Abdominal- und Retroperitonealverletzungen. Das Übersehen dieser Verletzungen ist besonders tragisch, da bei rechtzeitiger Diagnostik und adäquater Versorgung die Letalitätsrate in der Regel gering ist; bei verzögerter Therapie resultieren nach den Angaben in der Literatur Letalitätsraten bis zu 80%. Die Erfahrung in Traumazentren hat gezeigt, dass zur vollständigen Erfassung der Begleitverletzungen die systematische Diagnostik nach einem festgelegten Algorithmus erfolgen sollte. Die Behandlung der Begleitverletzungen im Rahmen eines komplexen Beckentraumas unterscheidet sich prinzipiell von der bei Monoverletzten. Voraussetzung für eine hohe Überlebensrate mit geringer postoperativer Komplikationsrate ist ein prioritätenorientiertes chirurgisches Vorgehen. Nach Erfassung des Verletzungsmusters muss bereits initial ein Therapiekonzept erstellt werden. Zur Entscheidungsfindung kann ein Traumaalgorithmus herangezogen werden. Es hat sich eine abgestufte Versorgung mit mehreren operativen Phasen und zwischengeschalteten Erholungs- und Stabilisierungsphasen unter Intensivbedingungen bewährt.
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 240-248 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Komplexe Schultergürtelverletzung ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Interdisziplinäres ¶Management ; Keywords ; Complex shoulder girdle trauma ; Diagnosis ; Therapy ; Interdisciplinary management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: The particular injury pattern of complex joint trauma means that a standardized operative procedure would be difficult to devise and an individual therapy plant is therefore essential for each patient. One of the main problems consists in the recognition and adequate treatment of associated vascular and neural lesions. The treatment of a complex joint trauma makes extremely high demands on the trauma-team in terms of both diagnostis and therapy and is an interdisciplinary challenge. On the basis of a detailed literature search and evaluation of the procedures we have adopted in sample cases, we suggest an algorithm for interdisciplinary management of severe combination injuries of the shoulder region.
    Notes: Die Problematik des komplexen Gelenktraumas besteht darin, dass aufgrund des besonderen Verletzungsmusters ein standardisiertes operatives Vorgehen erschwert und deshalb ein individuelles Therapiekonzept essenziell ist. Ein Hauptproblem besteht in ¶der Erkennung und der adäquaten Behandlung assoziierter Gefäß- und Nervenläsionen. Die Behandlung eines komplexen Gelenktraumas stellt höchste diagnostische und therapeutische Ansprüche an das Traumateam und bedeutet eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung. Aufgrund einer eingehenden Literaturrecherche und der Auswertung des eigenen Vorgehens anhand exemplarisch ausgewählter Fälle wird versucht, einen Algorithmus der interdisziplinären Komplexversorgung schwerer Kombinationsverletzungen der Schulterregion zu erstellen.
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  • 17
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    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S51 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Ellbogenverletzungen ; Wachstumsalter ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Key words ; Ellbow joint injuries ; Adolescence ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Fractures and dislocations of the elbow are some of the most common injuries in childhood and adolescence. The majority occur in the course of sport and play, for example as the result of falling from apparatus used in gymnastics or a bike, or falling while engaging in such popular sports as in-line-skating or skateboarding. Elbow injuries can be divided into dislocations of the joint alone and fractures, of the distal humerus or the proximal radius and ulna, or combinations of both dislocation and fracture. In addition, a differentiation is made between extra- and intraarticular fracture types, the latter being seen as either partial or complete joint lesions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Luxationen und/oder Frakturen am Ellbogen gehören zu den häufigsten Verletzungen im Wachstumsalter überhaupt. Sie entstehen überwiegend bei Sport und Spiel, z. B. durch Sturz von einem Turngerät, von Zweirädern oder während der Ausübung moderner Sportarten wie In-line-Skating, Rollschuhlauf und Skateboardfahren. Bei den Verletzungen werden reine Luxationen von Frakturen entweder am körperfernen Oberarmende oder an den gelenkbildenden Anteilen von Radius und Ulna unterschieden. Ein weiteres Unterscheidungsmerkmal ist die Abgrenzung extraartikulärer von intraartikulären Frakturformen, wobei letztere entweder als partielle oder komplette Bruchform imponieren.
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  • 18
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    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S186 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schultergürtel ; Stumpfe Verletzungen ; Rotatorenmanschettenruptur ; Schulterluxation ; Therapie ; Keywords Shoulder girdle ; Blunt injuries ; Rupture of rotator cuff ; Shoulder dislocation ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract It is difficult to assess blunt injuries in the region of the shoulder girdle because of the overlying acute and chronic processes. In assessments of rotator cuff ruptures in particular, in over 50% of cases the rupture could be explained by a degenerative process. This makes the assessment difficult, and also the decision as to whether or not the injury is due to an occupational accident. The diagnostic procedures applied should exclude a degenerative aetiology immediately after an accident in all cases. Rupture of the rotator cuff is often associated with an impingement syndrome and leads to corresponding symptoms in the subacromial space. Treatment of a rotator cuff rupture always involves a diagnostic arthroscopy as the first step, after which a reconstruction can be undertaken, either by way of the anterolateral approach after Neer or, in many cases, arthroscopically. Reconstruction of the rotator cuff must include outward mobilization of the muscles and a secure, mostly transosseous suture. Transference of a pedunculated tendon is indicated for large defects in the rotator cuff. In the case of dislocation of the shoulder with subsequent shoulder instability degenerative change and any possible multidirectional instability should be defined. Unidirectional instability with a demonstrable Bankart lesion has a good prognosis when surgery is performed without delay. In view of the high recurrence rate early treatment is indicated especially in young persons and in patients with a high activity level. Following detection of the Bankart lesion an arthroscopic procedure with refixation of the capsule–labrum complex is the method of choice.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Stumpfe Verletzungen im Bereich des Schultergürtels sind aufgrund einer Überlagerung akuter und chronischer Prozesse schwer beurteilbar. Insbesondere bei der Beurteilung der Rotatorenmanschettenruptur ist diese nachweislich in über 50% der Fälle auf dem Boden eines degenerativen Prozesses begründet. Dies macht die Begutachtung und die Abgrenzung eines Arbeitsunfalls schwierig. Die Diagnostik sollte auf jeden Fall unmittelbar nach einem Unfall eine degenerative Genese abgrenzen. Zusätzlich muss die Schmerzsymptomatik gezielt untersucht und von vertebragenen Beschwerden abgegrenzt werden. Die Rotatorenmanschettenruptur geht häufig mit einem Impingementsyndrom einher und führt zu entsprechenden Beschwerden im Subakromialraum. Die Behandlung der Rotatorenmanschettenruptur beinhaltet immer im ersten Schritt ¶eine diagnostische Arthroskopie, anschließend kann entweder über den anterolateralen Zugang nach Neer oder in vielen Fällen auch arthroskopisch eine Rekonstruktion vorgenommen werden. Die Rekonstruktion der Rotatorenmanschette muss eine ausgiebige Mobilisation der Muskulatur und eine ¶sichere, meist transossäre Naht beinhalten. Der gestielte Sehnentransfer ist bei großen Defekten der Rotatorenmanschette angezeigt. Bei der Schulterluxation mit anschließender Schulterinstabilität sind ebenfalls ¶eine degenerative Veränderung und eine mögliche multidirektionale Instabilität abzugrenzen. Bei unidirektionaler Instabilität mit nachweisbarer Bankart-Läsion ist die Prognose bei unmittelbarer operativer Versorgung gut. Gerade beim jungen Menschen und bei Patienten mit hohem Aktivitätsniveau ist aufgrund der hohen Reluxationsrate ein frühes Vorgehen angezeigt. Nach Nachweis der Bankart-Läsion ist ein arthroskopisches Vorgehen mit Refixation des Kapsel-Labrum-Komplexes die Methode der Wahl.
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  • 19
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S442 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Intraartikuläre Fersenbeinfraktur ; Klassifikation ; Weichteilschaden ; Komplikationen ; Ergebnisse ; Keywords Intraarticular calcaneal fracture ; Classification ; Soft tissue lesions ; Complications ; Results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Even now, the diagnosis of a dislocated intraarticular calcaneal fracture means a handicap for many patients. A bilateral fracture usually means the end of professional life – especially in the case of any job involving physical work. Because the functional outcome after an intraarticular calcaneal fracture is determined by the degree to which restoration of the different articular surfaces, and of the height, length and width of the affected calcaneus is achieved, operative treatment has become much more frequent in recent years. Discussion continues on the operative treatment of high comminuted fractures. The available studies are not comparable, differing as they do in the classification systems and criteria of outcome used and the postoperative check-up schedules followed. Despite some progress towards standardization of the operative procedure in the last 10 years, especially with respect to soft tissue treatment and the types of implants used, several questions remain to be answered. Our own experience is reported.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Diagnose einer intraartikulären dislozierten Fersenbeinfraktur bedeutet auch heute noch für viele Patienten eine Einschränkung der künftigen Belastbarkeit, bei beidseitiger Betroffenheit in der Regel das Ausscheiden aus einem körperlich belasteten Beruf. Da sich das funktionelle Ergebnis der Fersenbeinfraktur im Wesentlichen durch die Wiederherstellung der Gelenkflächen, Höhe, Länge und Breite sowie Achsen des Fersenbeins beeinflussen lässt, hat die operative Rekonstruktion in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Die Diskussion über die operative Versorgung von Fersenbeinfrakturen ist insbesondere bei Trümmerfrakturen noch nicht als abgeschlossen zu betrachten. Die vorliegende Fülle von Studien ist bezüglich der Klassifikation, der Nachuntersuchungskriterien und der Nachuntersuchungszeiträume nur schwer zu vergleichen. Trotz einer seit nun mehr als über einem Jahrzehnt perfektionierten und zunehmend standardisierten Operationstechnik bleiben noch viele Fragen zu beantworten. Über Schwierigkeiten bei der operativen Versorgung wird berichtet.
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  • 20
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S456 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Trauma ; Akute Belastungsstörung ; Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung ; Therapie ; Medizinische Begutachtung ; Keywords Trauma ; Acute stress disorder ; Posttraumatic stress disorder ; Therapy ; Medico-legal expertise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract ‘Psychopathology after trauma’ mostly refers to cognitive or affective impairment after direct or indirect damage to brain tissue. Patients who have suffered a whiplash injury of the cervical spine, even without direct trauma to brain tissue, also often complain of cognitive or affective dysfunction for prolonged periods after the injury. Even more difficult to evaluate is psychopathology arising in the aftermath of severely distressing events, such as major disastrous accidents, natural catastrophes or assault. The medical expert must be aware of a variety of posttraumatic psychiatric disorders with different courses and symptoms and must be able to distinguish these from endogenous or merely coincident psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we outline the relevant diagnoses and diagnostic criteria, with special refrence to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It should be emphasized that while acute stress disorder is common after stressful experiences, PTSD is most likely to develop in the presence of personality traits or a concurrent psychiatric illness predisposing to the disorder. The nature of the trauma sustained is significant: for example, trauma inflicted by human aggression causes PTSD significantly more often than similar injuries suffered as the result of a motor vehicle accident. Finally, therapeutic strategies for posttraumatic disorders are briefly reviewed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit posttraumatischen psychischen Störungen sind in der Regel kognitive oder affektive Beeinträchtigungen in der Folge direkter oder indirekter Hirngewebeschäden gemeint. Aber auch Patienten mit Halswirbelsäulenschleudertrauma beklagen häufig und über lange Zeit kognitive oder affektive Störungen ohne Nachweis einer Hirnschädigung. Noch problematischer sind psychische Störungen in der Folge erheblich belastender Ereignisse, wie Unfälle katastrophalen Ausmaßes, Naturkatastrophen oder Überfällen, zu beurteilen. Dem ärztlichen Gutachter obliegt die Aufgabe, eine Reihe posttraumatischer Störungen, die sich hinsichtlich des Verlaufs und der Symptome unterscheiden, zu kennen und von anlagebedingten oder koinzidierenden psychischen Störungen zu differenzieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die relevanten Diagnosen ¶und diagnostischen Kriterien mit besonderer Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTSD) besprochen. Hervorzuheben ist, dass es nach erheblich belastenden Erlebnissen recht häufig zu akuten Belastungsreaktionen kommt, während die PTSD in der Regel dann auftritt, wenn eine besondere persönliche Disposition oder psychiatrische Komorbidität vorliegen. Ferner kommt der Art des belastenden Erlebnisses Bedeutung zu. So wird eine PTSD häufiger nach Ausbrüchen menschlicher Aggression als nach z. B. Verkehrsunfällen gefunden. Abschließend wird ein kurzer Überblick über therapeutische Möglichkeiten bei posttraumatischen Störungen gegeben.
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  • 21
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S205 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Distale Unterarmfrakturen ; Konservative Therapie ; Operative Therapie ; Risiken ; Komplikationen ; Keywords Distal fractures of lower arm ; Conservative therapy ; Operative therapy ; Risks ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The treatment of distal fractures of the lower arm can be conservative or operative. The immediate aims of any treatment are anatomical realignment and the avoidance of trophic impairments, with the ultimate objective of unrestricted function of the hand and wrist. A graduated treatment scheme based on the ASIF classification is necessary to do justice to the different forms of fracture that can occur. The majority of injuries can still be successfully treated by conservative means; operative treatment becomes more important when there are signs of unusually high levels of instability or joint involvement. The authors’ own patient population is presented in this paper: in these patients fixation with Kirschner wires has proved to be the most successful of the operative procedures used, followed by palmar plate fixation with or without cancellous bone plasty, and for C-type fractures according to the ASIF classification or when there ¶is severe soft-tissue damage, application of ¶a fixateur externe spanning the joint has proved best. Treatment strategy, risks, complications and results are presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung distaler Unterarmfrakturen kann konservativ oder operativ erfolgen. Ziel jeder Behandlung sind die anatomische Reposition und Retention sowie die Vermeidung trophischer Störungen mit dem Fernziel einer unbeeinträchtigten Funktion der Hand und des Handgelenks. In Anlehnung an die AO-Klassifikation ist ein stufenförmiges Behandlungsschema notwendig, um den verschiedenen Frakturformen gerecht zu werden. Ein Großteil der Verletzungen kann nach wie vor erfolgreich konservativ behandelt werden, bei Zeichen einer erhöhten Instabilität oder einer Gelenkbeteiligung rückt die operative Behandlung zunehmend in den Vordergrund. Im eigenen, dargestellten Krankengut hat sich bei den operativen Verfahren schwerpunktmäßig die Kirschner-Draht-Osteosynthese bewährt, nachfolgend die palmare Plattenosteosynthese mit oder ohne Spongiosaplastik und bei Frakturen der C-Typen nach AO und bei höhergradigem Weichteilschaden die gelenkübergreifende Fixateur-externe-Anordnung. Behandlungsstrategie, Risiken, Komplikationen und Ergebnisse werden dargestellt.
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  • 22
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S400 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schulterinstabilität ; Arthroskopische Stabilisierung ; Therapiestrategie ; Akut ; Chronisch ; Keywords Instability of the shoulder ; Arthroscopic repair ; Therapy ; Acute ; Chronic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Traumatic instability of the shoulder has to be distinguished from instability due to capsular hyperlaxity if a stable shoulder and good functional results are to be achieved after surgery. Physical examination, radiological studies and arthroscopy are the most important diagnostic tools for this distinction. On the basis of our own experience and the results reported in the literature, we propose a strategy of patient selection for an arthroscopic stabilizing procedure. This procedure is indicated for first-time, traumatic dislocation and for chronic instability with a history of fewer than five recurrences without hyperlaxity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die traumatische Schulterinstabilität muss von der Instabilität aufgrund hyperlaxer Kapsel-Band-Strukturen unterschieden werden, um dem therapeutischen Ziel einer stabilen und in ihrer Funktion nicht gestörten Schulter nahe zu kommen. Hierzu sind die klinische, radiologische und arthroskopische Diagnostik entscheidend. Auch der Enstehungsmechanismus und die Häufigkeit der Luxationen müssen berücksichtigt werden. Aufgrund der bisher gemachten Erfahrung und den in der Literatur verfügbaren Ergebnissen entstand eine Therapiestrategie der traumatischen Schulterinstabilität, die in Abhängigkeit von der präoperativen Reluxationsrate, den anatomischen Gegebenheiten und dem Anspruch des Patienten eine Selektion für oder wider eine arthroskopische Stabilisierungsoperation vorschlägt. Die Indikation zu diesem Eingriff sehen wir bei der traumatischen Erstluxation und der rezidivierenden traumatischen Schulterinstabilität ohne Hyperlaxität, wenn weniger als 5 Rezidive in der Anamnese zu erheben sind.
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  • 23
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S500 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hoffnung ; Selbstständigkeit ; Komplikationen ; Gangschulung ; Keywords Hope ; Independence ; Complications ; Mobility training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In the treatment of paraplegic patients ¶there is a definite discrepancy between the ideas and wishes of the patients and the approaches and objectives of the physiotherapists. The greatest concern of the person affected is recovery of the ability to walk, while the main emphases of physiotherapy primarily involve avoiding complications of paralysis and achieving the highest possible degree of independence. One aid used in teaching partially paralysed patients to walk again is the walking belt, which complements the neurophysiological treatment methods very well. Mobility training with completely paralysed patients is obviously restricted owing to the lack of function. Sources of problems include relapsing shoulder pain and marked spasticity, which limit the results that can be achieved by way of rehabilitation medicine. With the support of an electronic measuring system the threat of pressure sores can be successfully combated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Behandlung Querschnittgelähmter besteht zwischen den Vorstellungen und Wünschen der Patienten und den Gesichtspunkten und Zielen der Physiotherapie eine deutliche Diskrepanz. Der Betroffene erhofft sich v. a. das Wiedererlangen seiner Gehfähigkeit, die Schwerpunkte der Physiotherapie liegen in erster Linie auf der Vermeidung lähmungsbedingter Komplikationen und dem Erreichen maximaler Selbstständigkeit. Gangschulung wird bei inkomplett Gelähmten u. a. mit Hilfe des Laufbands durchgeführt, das eine hervorragende Ergänzung der neurophysiologischen Behandlungstechniken darstellt. Das Gehtraining mit komplett Gelähmten reduziert sich naturgemäß aus Mangel an funktionellen Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Unter anderem können rezidivierende Schulterschmerzen und starke Spastik Probleme darstellen und sich limitierend auf das Rehabilitationsergebnis auswirken. Der Dekubitusgefahr wird, unterstützt durch ein elektronisches Messsystem, erfolgreich entgegengewirkt.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Key Words: genetic changes ; prognostic factor ; breast cancer ; amplification ; loss of heterozygosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ERBB2 , INT2, and MYC genes, in 131 patients with breast carcinoma, 49 of whom had lymph node involvement, but none of whom had distant metastases. Among the several chromosome arms tested, LOH at 17q was correlated with lymph node metastasis. Amplification of the ERBB2, MYC, and INT2 genes was found more frequently in tumors from patients with lymph node metastases than in tumors from those without lymph node metastases. Univariate analysis demonstrated that LOH at 17q and INT2 amplification were factors influencing disease-free survival (DFS). A multivariate analysis was performed on 89 tumors that were able to be evaluated for both LOH at 17q and INT2 amplification, and the results showed that patients who had tumors with these genetic changes were more likely to have a poor prognosis. The findings of this study suggest that investigating genetic changes, in addition to conventional clinicopathologic factors, may contribute to defining groups of breast cancer patients with differences in prognosis.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words Gastric cancer ; Beta-catenin ; E-cadherin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Beta-catenin plays two distinct roles, in intercellular adhesion by E-cadherin, and in transcriptional activation via TCF/LEF. Theoretically, the former role is tumor-suppressive, while the latter is oncogenic. We investigated the involvement of beta-catenin in the histogenesis and clinical outcome of gastric cancers. Methods. The expression pattern of beta-catenin was evaluated in stomach and lymph nodes from 82 patients with gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Its association with E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological factors, including histological type and postoperative survival, was examined. Results. Beta-catenin expression was classified into two patterns, normal (23.2%; 19 patients) and disordered (76.8%; 63 patients), the latter being subclassified as overexpressed (7.3%; 6 patients) and reduced (69.5%; 57 patients). A disordered beta-catenin expression pattern was significantly correlated with diffuse type adenocarcinoma and deep tumor infiltration (P = 0.0154), but was not associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.7877). E-cadherin was always expressed at the cell membrane, and disordered beta-catenin expression was significantly associated with reduced E-cadherin expression (P 〈 0.0001). On univariate analysis, the beta-catenin pattern, as well as depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis, was associated with postoperative prognosis; however, only lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. Interestingly, different disordered patterns of beta-catenin expression, both overexpressed and reduced, were associated with E-cadherin reduction and poorer postoperative survival. Conclusion. Although disordered patterns of beta-catenin expression varied in gastric cancers, they were consistently associated with cancer progression.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Endovaskuläre Operationen ; Stents ; Aortenstentprothese ; Bauchaortenaneurysma ; Komplikationen ; Keywords Endovascular surgery ; Stents ; Aortic stent prostheses ; Aneurysm ; Abdominal aorta ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract  Intraoperative complications can be divided into three categories on the basis of the time of their occurrence: Group I – Problems associated with access; group II: introduction of the endovascular stent (a: release of the main segment, b: anchoring the second limb); and group III: incidence of primary endoleaks. The objective of the present study was to describe the management of these complications. In a group of 130 patients undergoing endovascular treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta, a total of 31 complications occurred in 26 patients (20.0%). The most frequently encountered complication in each group and its respective management was as follows: Group I: Correction was performed using dilatation and retroperitoneal stretching as well as surgical shortening of the external iliac artery with interposition; group IIa: overstenting the renal arteries was corrected either by conversion or tugging at the endograft; group IIb: the guide wire or docking system could not be placed. Such cases were managed either through conversion or use of fresh systems; group III: such complications were treated with repeated stent placement, postoperative coil embolizations, or conversion. The endovascular therapy of aortic aneurysms is associated with intraoperative complications in 20% of cases. Adequate management helps to keep both morbidity and mortality rates low.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung  Intraoperative Komplikationen können je nach Zeitpunkt des Ereignisses in 3 Gruppen definiert werden: Gruppe I – Zugangsprobleme, Gruppe II – Einbringen des endovaskulären Stents (a: Absetzen des Hauptteils, b: Andocken des 2. Schenkels), Gruppe III – Inzidenz primärer Endoleaks. Zielsetzung dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, das Management zur Behebung dieser Komplikationen darzustellen. Von 130 Patienten mit endovaskulärer Ausschaltung eines Aortenaneurysmas traten bei 26 Patienten 31 intraoperative Komplikationen auf (20,0%). Die führenden Komplikationen in jeder Gruppe sowie das daraus resultierende Management waren: Gruppe I: Die Korrektur erfolgte durch Dilatation, retroperitoneale Streckung, Kürzungsoperation der A. iliaca externa und Interponat. Gruppe II a: Bei Überstentung der Nierenarterien erfolgte die Konversion oder Zug am Endograft. Gruppe II b: Führungsdraht oder Andocksystem können nicht platziert werden. Die Behebung erfolgte durch Konversion und Anwendung neuer Systeme. Gruppe III: Hier wurden erneute Stentplazierungen, postoperativer Coil-Embolisationen und Konversionen durchgeführt. Die endovaskuläre Therapie aortaler Aneurysmen birgt eine Rate intraoperativer Schwierigkeiten von 20%. In 3,8% der Fälle musste eine Konversion durchgeführt werden. Durch adäquates Management konnten die Letalität (1/26) und Morbidität jedoch gering gehalten werden.
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  • 27
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    Gefässchirurgie 5 (2000), S. 188-191 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Venöses Poplitealaneurysma ; Differentialdiagnose ; Knieschmerz ; Therapie ; Keywords Popliteal venous aneurysm ; Differential diagnosis ; Knee pain ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract  A rare cause of painful swelling of the knee cavity can be an aneurysm of the popliteal vein. Only 28 cases are reported in the literature. We treated a 20-year-old male patient who underwent three arthroscopies, one operation and one MRI; finally, phlebography detected a popliteal vein aneurysm and a malformation of the deep venous system of the popliteal and proximal calf veins. To avoid the threat of pulmonary embolism a resection of the aneurysm with interposition of a venous autograft was performed. Twelve months after the operation the patient is free of symptoms with a patent autograft.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung  Eine seltene Ursache schmerzhafter Schwellungen in der Kniekehle kann ein Aneurysma der V. poplitea sein. Bisher wurden 28 Fälle dieser Fehlbildung in der Weltliteratur beschrieben. Wir sahen einen 20-jährigen männlichen Patienten, bei dem nach 3 Arthroskopien, einer Arthrotomie und einer MRT durch eine Phlebographie ein venöses Aneurysma der V. poplitea mit venös-aneurysmatischer Malformation der proximalen Unterschenkelvenen festgestellt wurde. Um eine potentiell tödliche Lungenembolie zu vermeiden, erfolgte die Resektion mit Interposition der kontralateralen gedoppelten V. saphena magna. 12 Monate nach der Operation hat der Patient bei duplexsonographisch gutem Flow im Interponat keine Beschwerden.
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  • 28
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    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S110 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Unterkiefer ; Gelenkfortsatzfrakturen ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Key words ; Mandible ; Condylar neck fracture ; Diagnostic ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Among mandibular fractures, those of the condylar neck hold a special position due to the exceptional anatomical situation. Computer assisted tomography and magnetic resonance tomography have improved diagnostic evaluation. Indication for surgical treatment is given in cases of severely displaced or dislocated fractures. In surgical management, the preauricular, submandibular, retromandibular, and oral approach have been established. For sufficient fixation of fragments, procedures rendering a functional stability, like osteosynthesis with lag screw or by miniplating, are required.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Gelenkfortsatzfrakturen nehmen aufgrund der besonderen anatomischen Situation eine Sonderstellung innerhalb der Unterkieferfrakturen ein. Die Computertomographie und das MRT haben die Diagnostik wesentlich verbessert. Die Indikation zur operativen Behandlung besteht bei stark dislozierten oder luxierten Frakturen. Als operativer Zugang sind der präaurikuläre-, sub- bzw. perimandibuläre, retromandibuläre und orale Zugang etabliert. Zur Fixation der Fragmente sollten ausschließlich funktionsstabile Verfahren, wie die Miniplatte oder Zugschraube verwendet werden.
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  • 29
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    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S177 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Malignes Melanom ; Inzidenz ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Key words ; Malignant melanoma ; Incidence ; Diagnostic procedure ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Malignant melanoma is one of the most frequent malignancies of the skin. This is particularly true of malignant melanoma in juveniles. Its incidence has more than doubled from the 1970s to the mid-1990s. Presently, 15 new cases are recorded per 100,000 inhabitants a year in Germany. At Fachklinik Hornheide, a tumor center specializing in skin neoplasm with patients being referred from all over Germany, the number of melanoma patients treated per year has been approximately 500–¶550 for the past 10 years. In the present study, the state-of-the-art therapy for primary melanoma and treatment of the regional lymph node system is discussed. The radical treatment formerly advocated with wide tumor resection plus radical neck dissection is no longer justified for this immunogenic malignant tumor caused by endogenic as well as exogenic factors. “Sentinel lymph node” imaging by means of radioactive substances for diagnosing possible melanoma metastases in adjacent lymph nodes has changed the therapeutical concept. Tumor staging by means of ultrasound, CT, MRT, or PET allows the differentiation of tumors without distant metastases and a favorable prognosis, from melanomas which have to be considered as generalized disease. In addition to surgical resection of the tumor and neck dissection for removal of lymph nodes, adjuvant immunotherapy with interferon-α is capable of prolonging survival without a recurrence. Palliative chemotherapy or immunotherapy are valuable options for cases with generalized melanoma. Vaccination with a melanoma-associated antigen or dendritic cells is at an experimental stage and may become part of future treatment strategies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das maligne Melanom gehört, insbesondere in jugendlichen Altersgruppen, zu den häufigsten malignen Tumoren der Haut. Seine Inzidenz hat sich von den 70er Jahren bis zur Mitte der 90er mit etwa 15 Fällen/¶100.000 Einwohnern und Jahr mehr als verdoppelt. In der Fachklinik Hornheide, einer Tumorklinik der Haut mit bundesweiten Zuweisungen, hat sich dagegen im letzten Jahrzehnt die Zahl der behandelten Patienten auf etwa 500–550 Fälle pro Jahr stabilisiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll den aktuellen Standard der Therapie der Primärtumoren und der regionären Lymphabflussregion darstellen. Dabei soll vermittelt werden, dass das frühere radikale Behandlungskonzept mit großflächigen lokalen Tumorresektionen und einer radikalen Ausräumung aller Lymphknotenstationen des Halses diesem immunogenen bösartigen Tumor, dessen Entwicklung teils endogenen und teils exogenen Faktoren unterliegt, nicht mehr gerechtfertigt ist. Schon im Bereich der Diagnostik der fraglichen lymphogenen Metastasierung des Melanoms hat die Darstellung des „sentinel-lymph-node“ mit radioaktivem Material eine Änderung des Therapiekonzepts erzwungen. Das Tumorstaging mit Hilfe der Sonographie, der CT-, der MRT- und PET-Untersuchungen vermag prognostisch günstige Tumoren ohne Nachweis von Fernmetastasen von solchen Melanomen zu unterscheiden, die als generalisierte Erkrankung zu bewerten sind. Neben der operativen Entfernung des Tumors und der Ausräumung der Lymphknotenstationen des Halses ist in bestimmten Stadien die adjuvante Immuntherapie mit Interferon α geeignet, das rezidivfreie Überleben zu verlängern. Bei einer Generalisierung besteht die Option einer palliativen Chemo- oder Immunochemotherapie. Experimentelle Behandlungsansätze überprüfen den Einsatz von Vakzinierungsstrategien mit melanomassoziierten Antigenen und dendritischen Zellen.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Oral cancer ; pN upgrading ; Immunohistochemistry ; Micrometastasis ; Semiserial sectioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The International Union Against Cancer (UICC) does not define the number of sections required from each regional lymph node to record pTNM classification. This study was designed to clarify the incidence of occult metastasis and to assess the pN upgrading of patients with oral cancer. Ultimately, this study led to a proposal for appropriate semiserial sectioning guidelines. Five hundred fifty-four nonmetastatic cervical lymph nodes taken from 73 patients with oral cancer were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and keratin immunohistochemistry. Micrometastases, defined as foci ≤3 mm, were detected in 29 sites of 23 lymph nodes (4.2%) of 16 patients (21.9%). In 9 patients (12.3%) pN upgrading was needed: in 6 from pN0 to pN1, in 1 from pN0 to pN2b, and in 2 from pN1 to pN2b. The remaining 13 lymph nodes with occult metastasis were found in 5 pN2b and 2 pN2c patients, resulting in no pN upgrading. Occult metastasis was also detected in 6 small lymph nodes ≤5 mm in diameter. The average minor axis of the micrometastasis was 1.36±0.85 mm. We propose that the lymph nodes should be cut and examined at 1-mm intervals to detect micrometastatic foci and to evaluate the pN classification accurately.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords Small round cell tumors ; Ewing’s sarcoma ; Translocation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Differential diagnosis ; RT-PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  It is now widely accepted that the EWS/FLI-1 fusion transcript is associated with tumors of the Ewing family. To test whether it is possible to detect the fusion transcript by means of combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology and immunohistochemistry, we investigated tumors of the Ewing family using in situ reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. We were able to demonstrate the t(11;22) fusion transcript in five of six cases of Ewing’s sarcoma and four of four peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors. These results were confirmed using fluorescence in situ hybridization in seven tumor samples. In situ RT-PCR-labeled fusion transcripts were found in virtually all tumor cells within a given sample, indicating that each cell possessed the t(11;22) transcript. We conclude from these results that in situ RT-PCR can be used for the rapid detection of EWS/FLI-1 fusion transcripts in biopsy material. The findings also suggest that all cells of the tumors of the Ewing family carry the EWS/FLI-1 fusion transcript.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor ; Pituitary gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Colocalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is a well-known regulator of gonadotroph function, has recently been considered to be a paracrine factor involved in the control of somatotroph, lactotroph, and corticotroph cells. GnRH action is initiated by binding to a specific cell surface receptor, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), which is expressed by follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH) cells. Using in situ hybridization techniques, GnRHR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) has recently been detected in normal human anterior pituitary gland and in various pituitary adenomas, including FSH/LH-cell, growth hormone (GH)-cell, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-cell, and null-cell adenomas. However, immunohistochemical studies indicating the specific cell distribution of GnRHR in normal pituitary cells have never been reported. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of GnRHR in different types of normal pituitary cells and related tumors. Using double-label immunohistochemical techniques on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues and specific antibodies directed against pituitary hormones and GnRHR, we found GnRHR immunoreactivity not only in FSH/LH cells, but also in GH- and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cells. GnRHR was detected in FSH/LH-cell, GH-cell, mixed GH- and prolactin (PRL)-cell, and α-subunit (α-SU)/null-cell adenomas. The findings of this study suggest that the interaction between GnRH and GnRHR may play a role in paracrine/autocrine regulation of different types of normal pituitary cells and pituitary adenomas.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords CD99 antigen ; Neuroendocrine tumours ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell-to-cell adhesion ; Proliferative activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although considered a specific marker for Ewing’s sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumour, the MIC2 gene product (CD99) has been immunolocalised in a variety of human tumours. The present study evaluated immunohistochemically the prevalence of CD99 expression in a series of 68 neuroendocrine tumours of different gastrointestinal and pulmonary sites. We now report on membrane and/or granular cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in 25% of these tumours, independent of their anatomical sites. In lung neuroendocrine tumours, CD99 was preferentially confined to typical carcinoids (P=0.009). A statistically significant relationship was observed between the number of CD99 positive cells but not the immunostaining patterns and the presence of local invasion and/or distant metastases (P〈0.001). Moreover, there was a tendency for CD99-reactive tumours to show a reduced proliferative activity expressed by a Ki67 index of 2% (P=0.119). The number of CD99 immunoreactive cells or patterns of immunoreactivity did not correlate with the presence of associated clinical syndrome or particular hormonal immunostaining. Although the molecular basis underlying CD99 expression in neuroendocrine tumours is still poorly understood, our data suggest that CD99 may be involved in cell-to-cell adhesion of neuroendocrine tumour cells and in downregulation of their proliferative activity.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords Monoclonal antibody ; Lymphoma ; Myeloma ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A new monoclonal antibody, Wue-1, which specifically recognizes normal and malignant plasma cells, is characterized. Biochemical studies showed that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognize a protein of 94 kDa. Using triple-staining flow cytometry and double-labeling immunohistochemical techniques, two populations of plasma cells, i.e. lymphoplasmocytoid plasma cells located in the germinal center of lymphoid organs and reticular plasma cells at the paracortex or medullary cords of secondary lymphoid tissues, were distinguished. Wue-1 is expressed when B-cell markers become lost and secretory activity with plasma cell morphology appears. Cell surface markers were identified on normal plasma cells and compared with their malignant counterpart in vivo. Terminal plasma–cellular differentiation of malignant low- and high-grade B-cell lymphoma and anaplastic plasmacytoma, otherwise difficult to identify with conventional B-cell markers on tissue sections or fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses, were detectable by Wue-1. In cell culture, Wue-1 enhanced the proliferation of myeloma cell lines but not normal plasma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Since Wue-1-induced proliferation was increased by interleukin (IL)-6, Wue-1 recognizes a so far unidentified antigen with functional properties. Therefore, Wue-1 represents a useful new tool for therapy and for the in vivo and in vitro studying of B-cell lymphomas and the mechanisms of B-cell differentiation.
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 437 (2000), S. 445-449 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords Solitary fibrous tumour ; Adrenal gland ; Pregnancy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT), first described as a pleural lesion, has been reported in several extrathoracic sites over the past 10 years. We describe a SFT of the left adrenal gland incidentally discovered in a 23-year-old, 22-week pregnant woman and characterised by a rapid growth during the third trimester of pregnancy. Elevated serum and urinary levels of cortisol and elevated blood levels of delta 4 androstendione and 17-OH progesterone were observed. After spontaneous delivery, the patient underwent laparoscopic resectioning of the mass and of the left adrenal gland from which the tumour was apparently originating. The kidney was not involved, and no other abdominal tumours were found. Histological and immunohistochemical features were typical of SFT of pleura and other locations. Only one case of adrenal SFT is on record, and the adrenal gland is to be added to the long list of extrathoracic locations of SFT. The association with pregnancy was a previously unrecognised event in SFT. The focal expression of progesterone receptors in the tumour cells may be related to pregnancy. This observation prompted an analysis of steroid hormone receptors in SFT of classical sites (pleura). Two of five cases had focal progesterone receptors too, a finding which deserves further investigations in a much larger series of SFTs.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keywords Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; ALK1 ; T-cell lymphoma ; Splenic rupture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In a 22-year-old male with a 10-day history of fever, painful swelling in the left groin, and abdominal complaints, emergency surgery was performed because of spontaneous splenic rupture. At histology, a cellular infiltrate of intermediate-sized atypical lymphocytes was seen in the splenic white pulp, staining for T-cell markers. In addition, CD30 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase 1 (ALK) were diffusely positive, thus, representing a case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), T-cell, ALK-positive, small cell monomorphic variant. ALK-positive ALCL patients generally bear a much better prognosis than patients with T-cell lymphomas, unspecified, or ALK-negative ALCL. Therefore, besides the very unusual clinical presentation, this case highlights the importance of immunostaining for CD30 and ALK in all T-cell lymphomas. This report is the first extensive description of ALK-positive ALCL involvement of the spleen.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1129-2377
    Keywords: Key words Dopamine receptors ; Pial arteries ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prejunctional receptors ; Post-junctional receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of dopamine D1-D5 receptor protein was investigated in different sized dog pial arteries. This was done to further understand the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular dopaminergic system in migraine. The study was performed in sections of dog brain including the pia-arachnoid membrane, which were processed for indirect immunohistochemistry using antibodies raised against dopamine D1-D5 receptor protein. A faint dopamine D1 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed in smooth muscle of the tunica media of different sized pial arteries. Dopamine D2 receptor protein immunoreactivity was located in the adventitia and adventitia-media border of pial arteries. In the same area tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve fibers were found. No dopamine D3 receptor immunoreactivity was detectable in dog pial arteries. A faint dopamine D4 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed in dog pial arteries, with a localization similar to that of D2 receptor protein. A moderate dopamine D5 receptor protein immunostaining was observed in smooth muscle of the tunica media. These findings indicate that dog pial arteries express dopamine D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2 and D4) receptor subtypes and display, respectively, a muscular (post-junctional) and probably prejunctional localization. These results, the first analysis of dopamine D1-D5 receptor subtype distribution in the cerebrovascular tree, suggest that dopamine is involved in the regulation of cerebral circulation. These finding may help evaluate the role of cerebrovascular dopaminergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of migraine.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: BRCA1 ; breast cancer ; p53 ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:The association between BRCA1 germ-linemutations and breast cancer prognosis is controversial. A historical cohortstudy was designed to determine the prognosis for women with axillary lymphnode negative hereditary breast cancer. Patients and methods:We tested pathology blocks from 118Ashkenazi Jewish women with axillary lymph node negative breast cancer for thepresence of the two common BRCA1 founder mutations, 185delAG and5382insC. Patients were followed up for a median of 76 months. SomaticTP53mutations were screened for by immunohistochemistry, and directsequencing was performed in the BRCA1-positive tumours. Results:Sixteen breast cancer blocks (13.6%) carried aBRCA1 mutation. Young age of onset, high nuclear grade, negativeestrogen receptor status and over-expression of p53 were highly associatedwith BRCA1-positive status (P-values all 〈0.01).BRCA1 mutation carriers had a higher mortality than non-carriers(five-year overall survival, 50% and 89.6%, respectively,P = 0.0001). Young age of onset, estrogen receptor negative status,nuclear grade 3, and over-expression of p53 also predicted a poor outcome. Coxmultivariate analyses showed that only germ-line BRCA1 mutationstatus was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P= 0.01). Among nuclear grade 3 tumours, the BRCA1 mutation carrierstatus was a significant prognostic factor of death (risk ratio 5.8,95% confidence interval: 1.5–22, P = 0.009). Sequencingof BRCA1-related breast cancers revealed one TP53missensemutation not previously reported in breast cancer. Conclusions:Using a historical cohort approach, we haveidentified BRCA1 mutation status as an independent prognostic factorfor node negative breast cancer among the Ashkenazi Jewish women. Thosemanaging women carrying a BRCA1 mutation may need take these findingsinto consideration. Additionally, our preliminary results, taken together withthe work of others suggest a different carcinogenic pathway inBRCA1-related breast cancer, compared to non-hereditary cases.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: BCL-2 ; breast cancer ; HER-2 ; p53 ; predictive factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:The selection of therapies for breast cancer is todaybased on prognostic features (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), hormone receptorstatus (hormonal therapy) and HER-2 status (trastuzumab therapy). HER-2,p53and BCL-2are tumour-related proteins that have thepotential to further improve individualisation of patient management, bypredicting response to chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiotherapy. Materials and methods:This paper reviews the rationale for theuse of these proteins as predictive factors, as well as the publishedliterature addressing the use of each one to predict response to hormonaltherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results:HER-2, p53and BCL-2remaininadequately assessed as predictive factors in breast cancer. HER-2 evaluationis required for the selection of patients for trastuzumab (Herceptin®)therapy, as trials of this therapy have been limited to HER-2 overexpressors.HER-2 overexpression may be predictive of resistance to hormonal therapy.Anthracyclines are effective therapy for breast cancer regardless of HER-2status, but patients whose tumours overexpress HER-2 appear to receive thegreatest relative benefit from this therapy. Studies of HER-2 as a predictorof response to CMF and to radiotherapy are inconclusive at this time. No datayet exist to support the use of p53or BCL-2as predictivefactors in the therapy of breast cancer. Conclusions:At this point in time, there is inadequate evidenceto support the use of HER-2, p53or BCL-2to guide theselection of hormonal therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy for breast cancer.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: breast cancer ; camptothecins ; colorectal cancer ; GI147211 ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; topoisomerase I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:GI147211 is a water-soluble synthetic analogue ofcamptothecin showing promising in vivoand in vitroantitumor activity and an acceptable toxicity profile. Patients and methods:Between April 1995 and November 1996, 67eligible patients with pretreated breast cancer (25 patients) andchemo-naïve colorectal (19 patients) and non-small-cell lung cancer (23patients) were entered into three multicentric, non-randomized phase IItrials. Treatment schedule consisted of intravenous GI147211 administered ata dose of 1.2 mg/m2/day for five consecutive days every threeweeks. Results:Hematological toxicity was common with grade 3–4neutropenia in 54% of patients and neutropenic fever together or notassociated with infection in 14.5% of patients. Grade 3–4thrombocytopenia and grade 2–4 anemia were observed in 20% andin 68% of patients, respectively. Non-hematological toxicity wasgenerally mild to moderate and consisted mainly of gastrointestinal toxicity,asthenia and alopecia. A dose-escalation to 1.5 mg/m2/d wasfeasible in 17 (25%) patients. The antitumor activity of GI147211 wasmoderate in breast cancer patients (3 partial responses (PRs), response rate(RR) 13%) and minimal in non-small cell lung cancer patients (2 PRs,RR 9%). No objective responses were obtained in colorectal patients. Conclusions:GI147211, at the dose and schedule employed in thisstudy, showed an acceptable safety profile but a modest antitumor activity inthe examined tumor types.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Keywords: Amino acids ; Basal ganglia ; Dopamine ; Nitric oxide ; Excitatory amino acids ; Organotypic culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems of the rat have been re-constructed using the organotypic culture model, whereby neonatal brain tissue is grown in vitro for approximately one month. The nigrostriatal cultures consisted of tissue from the substantia nigra, dorsal striatum and frontoparietal cortex; while the mesolimbic cultures included the ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum and cingulate cortex. The cultures were grown at 35°C in normal atmosphere, using a tube-roller device placed in a cell incubator and changing the medium every 3–4 days. The in vitro development was evaluated with an inverted microscope equipped with a variable relief contrast function. Samples were taken directly from the medium in the culture tube and analysed for several amino acids with HPLC. After a month the cultures were fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry. High levels of glutamate and aspartate were observed every time the medium was changed, but the levels rapidly decreased reaching a steady state after approximately 24 h. A decrease in the levels was also observed along development, reaching stable values (∼2 μM and ∼0.12 μM for glutamate and aspartate, respectively) at approximately two weeks, but only when the cultures showed an apparently healthy development. The levels were approximately 10 times higher in deteriorating or apparently damaged cultures. Glutamine levels were in the mM range and remained stable along the entire experiment. No differences were observed among nigrostriatal and mesolimbic cultures. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the impressions obtained from microscopic and biochemical analysis along the in vitro development, revealing apparently healthy neuronal systems with characteristics similar to those observed in vivo, when tyrosine hydroxylase and nitric oxide synthase, markers for dopamine and nitric oxide containing neurons, respectively, were analysed. In the substantia nigra, nitric oxide synthase-positive networks surrounded tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons, while in the striatum nitric oxide synthase dendrites were surrounded by tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nerve terminals, suggesting a reciprocal interaction among dopamine and nitric oxide containing neurons. Thus, the organotypic model appears to capture many of the neurochemical and morphological features seen in vivo, providing a valuable model for studying in detail the neurocircuitries of the brain.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Keywords: Amino acids ; Spinal cord injury ; Heme oxygenase ; Heat shock protein ; Carbon monoxide ; Growth factors ; BDNF ; IGF-1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell injury ; Spinal cord edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The influence of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on spinal cord trauma induced carbon monoxide (CO) production and cellular stress response was examined using immunostaining of the constitutive isoform of the hemeoxygenase (HO-2) enzyme and the heat shock protein (HSP 72 kD) expression in a rat model. Subjection of rats to a 5 h spinal trauma inflicted by an incision into the right dorsal horn at T10–11 segment markedly upregulated the HO-2 and HSP expression in the adjacent spinal cord segments (T9 and T12). Pretreatment with BDNF or IGF-1 significantly attenuated the trauma induced HSP expression. The upregulation of HO-2 was also considerably reduced. These results show that BDNF and IGF-1 attenuate cellular stress response and production of CO following spinal cord injury which seems to be the key factors in neurotrophins induced neuroprotection.
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 2 (2000), S. 305-316 
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: membranes ; breast cancer ; oncology ; cell column regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Using microfabrication technology, we have developed a new experimental apparatus and technique which allow isolation of individual cells and which facilitate the study of kinetic volume changes and membrane permeability. The key component of the apparatus is a microdiffusion chamber which was constructed using silicon microfabrication technology and standard photolithography. The central unit of the chamber is a 1 μ m thick silicon nitride membrane with a center hole on the order of 2–3 μ m in diameter. The device is novel in its analysis of a single cell, instead of the traditional array of cells, and its avoidance of the damage artifacts and computational difficulties which are inherent in other, commonly used methods of cellular analysis. The device is used in conjunction with a predictive computer model which simulates the response of the entire membrane or a portion of the membrane to various permeant and impermeant concentrations. This study introduces the apparatus and the model, and illustrates the effectiveness of the new procedure by determining several membrane permeability coefficients for HBL-100 (healthy human breast line). The empirical data and theoretical data were combined to yield a water permability (L p) of 1.1 ± 0.5μ m/(min-atm) (mean ± 1 standard deviation) (N= 5) during the uncoupled transport of water at 22 ±C. In the presence of 6 M glycerol, the water permeability (L p), permeability coefficient (P S), and the reflection coefficient (σS) were determined to be 2.0 ± 0.63 μ m/(min-atm), 2.7E-5 ± 6.1E-6 cm-sec-1, and 0.76 ± 0.5 (N = 6). No previous values of these coefficients could be found for HBL-100 cells.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: biological/pathological characteristics ; breast cancer ; prognosis ; progression ; symptomatic/asymptomatic patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:It is well known that mammographic screening reducesbreast cancer mortality. One possible explanation for this effect is thatscreening makes it possible to detect smaller breast cancers with fewerinvolved nodes, but another hypothesis is that some screening-detected tumorsare in a pathologically and biologically different phase of evolution fromthose that are detected clinically. The aim of the present study was tocompare the biological, pathological and clinical characteristics ofsymptomatic vs. asymptomatic breast cancers. Patients and methods:The study considers a series of 1916consecutive patients who underwent surgery for stage I and II infiltratingbreast cancer at Verona hospitals after having undergone ultrasound andmammography (at least one of which was positive). They were divided into twogroups on the basis of why they decided to undergo the imaging examinations:group A refers to the 1247 patients with a palpable lump, and group B to the616 who were asymptomatic. Results:The patients in group A were older, and had larger tumorsand a higher percentage of positive nodes than those in group B; they also hadsignificantly higher grade tumors, higher Ki-67 levels, and a higherpercentage of ER and PgR negative and c-erbB-2 positive tumors (allof the P-values were significant). A logistic regression analysisadjusted for tumor diameter and age showed a reduction in the significance ofeach of the considered variables, but all of them remained significantlyassociated with the modality of diagnosis except ER, PgR andc-erbB-2. Conclusions:Our results suggest that asymptomatic tumors arebiologically different from their clinically presenting counterparts, thusconfirming the hypothesis that progression towards greater malignancy mayoccur during the natural history of breast cancer.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: 4-OH-IF ; breast cancer ; drug combination ; human cell lines ; primary cultures ; VNB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Vinorelbine and ifosfamide are active drugs againstbreast cancer, but the best treatment schedule has yet to be defined bypreclinical or clinical studies. The antitumor activity of4-hydroxy-ifosfamide (4-OH-IF), the active form of ifosfamide, and vinorelbine(VNB) and their interaction were investigated in two established breast cancercell lines (MCF-7 and BRC-230) and in 10 primary breast cancer cultures. Materials and methods:Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by ahighly efficient clonogenic assay (HECA). The median-effect principle wasapplied to evaluate synergistic and antagonistic interactions and thecorresponding combination index values were calculated. Cell cycleperturbations were analysed by flow cytometry. Results:In MCF-7 and BRC-230 cell lines the sequence VNB for 4hours followed by 4-OH-IF for 24 hours produced an antagonistic effect.Conversely, the inverse sequential scheme, 4-OH-IF → VNB providedsynergistic effects on both cell lines. The synergism was associated with astrong block in the G2-M phase. Synergistic activity of 4-OH-IF → VNBsequence was confirmed in 7 of 10 primary breast cancercultures. Conclusions:In conclusion, the sequence 4-OH-IF → VNBappeared to be the most effective scheme both in established cell lines andin primary breast cancer cultures.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: adjuvant treatment ; breast cancer ; tamoxifen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aim:Immediate adjuvant tamoxifen reduces disease recurrence andimproves survival in patients with early breast cancer. However, is it toolate to administer tamoxifen to patients who have already undergone treatment,but were unable to benefit from this adjuvant therapy? The French NationalCancer Centers (FNCLCC) have investigated the efficacy of delayed tamoxifenadministration in a randomized controlled trial. Patients and methods:From September 1986 to October 1989, womenwith primary breast cancer, who had undergone surgery, radiotherapy, and/orreceived adjuvant chemotherapy but not hormone therapy more than two yearsearlier, were randomized to receive either 30 mg/day tamoxifen or notreatment. The 10-year disease-free and overall survival rates of the twogroups of patients and of various subgroups were determined according to theKaplan–Meyer method and compared by the log-rank test. Results:This intention-to-treat analysis comprised 250 women inthe tamoxifen group and 244 in the control group. Patient characteristics(age, T stage, number of positive nodes, receptor status, and interval sincetumor treatment) were comparable in both groups. Delayed adjuvant tamoxifensignificantly improved overall survival only in node-positive patients and inpatients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) or progesteronereceptor-positive (PR+) tumors. Disease-free survival, however, wassignificantly improved in the global population and in several patientsubgroups (node-positive, ER+, PR+). Patients in whom the interval betweenprimary treatment and delayed adjuvant tamoxifen was greater than five yearsalso had significantly improved disease-free survival. Conclusions:Overall and disease-free survival results indicatethat delayed adjuvant tamoxifen administration (30 mg/day) is justified inwomen with early breast cancer, even if this treatment is initiated two ormore years after primary treatment.
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  • 47
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    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1349-1351 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: breast cancer ; radiotherapy ; tumor lysis syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a rare serious acute complication of cancertherapy, reported mainly following chemotherapy in patients with large tumorload and chemosensitive disease. These are mainly patients with non-Hodgkin'slymphoma, leukemia and rarely in solid tumors. It is less frequently describedafter radiotherapy for lymphoid and hematological malignancies. TLS followingradiotherapy for solid tumors is a very rare complication. In thisreport/review we describe a seventy-three-year-old male patient withprogressive metastatic carcinoma of the breast to the lungs, liver and bone.He was referred for radiotherapy because of generalized bony pains. Thepatient was planned for sequential hemi-body irradiation starting with themore symptomatic upper half body. After premedication, he was given 8.5 Gy tothe mid point at the maximum chest separation with anterior lung attenuatorlimiting uncorrected lung dose to 6.15 Gy. A further 3.5 Gy electron boost tothe fungating breast tumor was given to the 100%. Forty-eight hours after irradiation he developed hyperkalemia,hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia and renal failure. Theseclinical and biochemical changes are typical of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS).Despite hydration, and treating the hyperuricemia, the patient developed comaand died eight days after irradiation. The prophylaxis and management of TLS and in high-risk patients aredescribed to avoid this frequently fatal complication.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: breast cancer ; erbB2 ; HER-2/neu ; tamoxifen ; therapy resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aim:We aimed to study the importance of erbB2 status in earlystage postmenopausal breast cancer for patients who participated in a trialof five vs. two years of adjuvant tamoxifen. Patients and methods:We analysed the erbB2 status of the tumoursfrom 577 patients participating in the trial, either by a DNA amplificationassay (n = 181) or by measurement of the protein level with flowcytometry (n = 396). Results:ErbB2 was overexpressed or gene amplified in 102 of thepatients (18%). Overall, erbB2-positive patients had a significantlylower recurrence-free probability than others, 62% at five years ascompared to 83%, and showed a significantly decreased breast cancersurvival rate (P = 0.0007). ErbB2 status was significantlyassociated with recurrence and death in Cox multivariate analysis, adjustingfor nodal status, tumour size and estrogen receptor status. The relative riskof recurrence (RR) for five vs. two years of tamoxifen was analysed inrelation to erbB2 status for patients still disease-free two years aftersurgery. Whereas erbB2-negative patients showed significant benefit fromprolonged treatment (RR = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.42–0.93), no benefit was evident for erbB2-positive patients (RR= 1.1, 95% CI: 0.41–3.2). When the same analysis was restrictedto ER-positive patients a similar difference in relative hazard was obtainedbut the difference was not strictly significant (P = 0.065). Conclusions:For early stage breast cancer patients treated withadjuvant tamoxifen, overexpression of erbB2 is an independent marker of poorprognosis. The results suggest that overexpression decreases the benefit fromprolonged tamoxifen treatment.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: breast cancer ; cyclophosphamide ; elderly ; idarubicin ; oral chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer ; docetaxel ; feasibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background and purpose:Docetaxel is an active agent in thetreatment of metastatic breast cancer. We evaluated the feasibility ofdocetaxel-based sequential and combination regimens as adjuvant therapies forpatients with node-positive breast cancer. Patients and methods:Three consecutive groups of patients withnode-positive breast cancer or locally-advanced disease, aged ≤70 years,received one of the following regimens: a) sequential A → T → CMF:doxorubicin 75 mg/m2 q 3 weeks × 3, followed by docetaxel 100mg/m2 q 3 weeks × 3, followed by i.v. CMF days 1 + 8 q 4weeks × 3; b) sequential accelerated A → T → CMF: A and T wereadministered at the same doses q 2 weeks; c) combination therapy: doxorubicin50 mg/m2 + docetaxel 75 mg/m2 q 3 weeks × 4,followed by CMF × 4. When indicated, radiotherapy was administeredduring or after CMF, and tamoxifen started after the end of CMF. Results:Seventy-nine patients have been treated. Median age was48 years. A 30% rate of early treatment discontinuation was observedin patients receiving the sequential accelerated therapy (23% duringA → T), due principally to severe skin toxicity. Median relativedose-intensity was 100% in the three treatment arms. The incidence ofG3–G4 major toxicities by treated patients, was as follows: skintoxicity a: 5%; b: 27%; c: 0%; stomatitis a: 20%;b: 20%; c: 3%. The incidence of neutropenic fever was a:30%; b: 13%; c: 48%. After a median follow-up of 18months, no late toxicity has been reported. Conclusions:The accelerated sequential A → T → CMFtreatment is not feasible due to an excess of skin toxicity. The sequentialnon accelerated and the combination regimens are feasible and under evaluationin a phase III trial of adjuvant therapy.
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  • 51
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    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 149-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Cell differentiation ; Cell proliferation ; Collagen ; Fetal development ; Fibronectin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin ; Laminin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  At gestational day 16 the epithelium of the rat stomach consists of a stratified layer of undifferentiated cells, and two days later glandular structures appear. The present study was carried out to identify extracellular matrix proteins that could be involved in the epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation processes that occur in the fetal rat stomach during this period. For comparative purposes the expression of the same components in the adult gastric mucosa was examined. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine to label proliferating cells. One, 3.5, or 6 h post-injection the stomachs were excised and immediately frozen. The specimens were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or for 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine, cytokeratin no. 8, H,K-ATPase, and the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and collagens type I and IV. A stratified layer of proliferating cells was observed in the epithelium of the fetal stomachs, while in adult stomachs proliferating cells were detected in the isthmus/neck region of the glands. Cytokeratin, an epithelial cell marker, was sparse at gestational day 16 but abundant both at gestational day 18 and in the isthmus/neck region of gastric glands of the adult stomach. The parietal cell marker H,K-ATPase could not be detected in the fetal stomachs during this period. Fibronectin was observed in the stroma of both fetal and adult stomachs. Collagen type I could only be detected in the stroma close to the oesophagus at gestational day 16. Two days later, collagen type I was abundant in the lamina propria, the submucosa and in the serosa of the fetal stomachs. In adult tissue collagen type I was detected in the surface epithelium, the submucosa and in the serosa of the stomach. Collagen type IV and laminin were expressed in the lamina propria, the basement membranes around blood vessels, muscle cells, and nerve bundles, as well as in the serosa of both 16- and 18-day-old fetal and adult rat stomachs. In conclusion, a high cell proliferation rate was observed in the epithelium at both gestational days 16 and 18. The increased expression of cytokeratin observed during this period indicates that the epithelial character of the embryonic cells becomes more distinct, while the remarkable change in the expression of collagen type I might reflect an important role of collagen type I in the development of the gastric epithelium.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Intramembranous ossification ; Immunohistochemistry ; Muscle fiber type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Previous studies using parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) null mutant mice have indicated severe abnormalities in the endochondral ossification, suggesting that PTHrP affects chondrocyte differentiation. In this study, we found in newborn PTHrP-deficient mice some deformities in the mandible that is formed via intramembranous ossification. The mandibular ramus was bent downwards and a prominent bone crest to which the deep layer of masseter muscle was tendinously attached was observed in the mandibular body. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed that active bone formation was progressing along the tendon fibers of the masseter muscle. The examination of 3-D reconstruction models indicated that the mandibular ramus was bent at the site of muscle attachment, which was shifted in the direction of the muscle fibers. Muscle fiber type analysis using myosin ATPase staining showed that the masseter muscle in the newborn PTHrP-deficient mice contained numerous type 2B fibers, demonstrating premature maturation of this muscle. Based on these findings, we speculated that premature maturation of the masseter muscle leads, probably due to increased tensile forces, to accelerated bone crest formation and subsequent bending of the mandibular ramus. These results further suggest that PTHrP is involved in the regulation of muscle development in normal animals.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Monoclonal antibody ; A33 ; Gastric cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tumor targeting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Murine monoclonal antibody A33 (mA33) was developed by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and by the New York Branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. It is an immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a antibody that detects a protease- and neuraminidase-resistant, periodate-sensitive epitope. Serological analysis of the antigen showed that it is expressed in a few colorectal cancer cell lines and a pancreatic cancer cell line, but is basically not reactive with other types of cell line. Normal fibroblasts and normal kidney cell lines reacted negatively to mA33. Immunohistochemical study of normal tissues identified the large and small intestinal mucosa as the principal site of A33 expression. Tests in tumor samples demonstrated that only tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are consistently A33 positive. A33 is found in 95% of primary and metastatic colorectal cancers, with uniform expression throughout the tumors in most cases. A33 is also detected in 63% of gastric cancers, with uniform expression in 45% of cases. Eighty-three percent of intestinal-type gastric cancers were positive for A33, and about 50% of the diffuse-type and mucinous cancers were mA33 positive. A33 was expressed in 50% of the pancreatic cancers but with marked heterogeneity. Other epithelial cancers, sarcomas, neuroectodermal tumors, and lymphoid neoplasms were generally A33 negative. A33 is the first example of a constitutively expressed, organ-specific epithelial membrane antigen permitting highly specific tumor targeting in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Encouraged by the success of the biodistribution and imaging characteristic studies performed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center by the New York Branch of the Ludwig Institute in colorectal cancers, a new clinical study of humanized monoclonal antibody huA33 against A33 antigen-positive gastric cancers has been initiated in Japan.
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  • 54
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    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 667-670 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Chondrosarcoma ; Heat shock protein ; Differentiation ; Diagnosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chondroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Heat shock proteins (hsp) are involved in tumor immunity, and a correlation with survival, occurrence of metastases, and drug resistance has been reported. It was the aim of this study to investigate the expression of heat shock proteins in chondrosarcomas and chondromas. Methods: Hsp expression was investigated immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded sections of 37 consecutive patients (24 male and 13 female, mean age 48 years) with chondrosarcoma and of ten patients (six male, four female, mean age 36 years) with chondroma. Results: Chondromas showed a positive staining for hsp27 in 100%, for hsp60 in 30%, for hsp72 in 80%, for hsp73 in 80%, and for hsp90 in 90%. In chondrosarcoma a decreased expression was found for hsp27 (62% positive, P 〈 0.05) and hsp72 (43% positive, P 〈 0.05), whereas no significant difference to chondromas was detected in the expression of hsp60 (49% positive), hsp73 and hsp90 (73% and 81% positive, respectively). In addition, hsp72 expression showed a correlation with differentiation of the tumors (P 〈 0.05); the lowest hsp72 expression was found in G3 chondrosarcomas (only 13% positive). No correlation with respect to differentiation was found for the expression of the other hsps. Conclusions: This study shows a different expression of hsps in chondrosarcomas and chondromas. Together with the correlation of hsp72 expression with low differentiation, this finding could lead to new experimental and diagnostic strategies.
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  • 55
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    Der Gynäkologe 33 (2000), S. 872-881 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Sectio caesarea ; Notsectio ; Geburt ; Schwangerschaft ; Müttersterblichkeit ; Letalität ; Morbidität ; Komplikationen ; Keywords Cesarean section ; Emergency cesarean ; Birth ; Pregnancy ; Maternal mortality ; Lethality ; Morbidity ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The rate of cesarean section now exceeds 20% and continues to increase. This effect is enhanced by the almost negligible surgery-dependent risks. Maternal mortality in Central Europe has evidenced a sharp decline to approximately 10–20 deaths per 100,000 live births. Cesarean mortality due solely to surgical and/or anesthesiological intervention has also decreased considerably in the past 20 years. Nevertheless, vaginal birth entails a lower risk per se for the mother. Thus, the letality rate for vaginal birth is lower by a factor of 5–10 excluding pregnancy-dependent risks. Primary cesarean section exhibits a 1.7-fold lower risk of letality in comparison to secondary cesarean section. The main causes of death continue to be hemorrhages and thromboembolism. The mortality rate due to cesarean section continues to remain higher than that for vaginal birth. The rate of severe blood loss is significantly higher. The risk of deep vein thrombosis is about ten times greater than for vaginal birth with concomitantly increased risk for a pulmonary embolism as well as post-thrombotic syndrome. Perioperative prophylactic treatment with antibiotics was able to reduce the morbidity rate due to infection by more than 50%, but endometritis and wound infection continues to occur 10–15 times more frequently than during vaginal birth. In summary, maternal risk during pregnancy and birth – be it vaginal or cesarean – has been further reduced considerably. Nevertheless, cesarean section constitutes a surgical intervention entailing significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality in comparison to vaginal birth.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Sectiorate hat die 20%-Grenze überschritten und steigt unvermindert an. Begünstigt wird dieser Effekt durch die schon fast vernachlässigbaren operationsbedingten Risiken; die maternale Mortalität verzeichnet in Mitteleuropa einen starken Rückgang auf ca. 10–20 Todesfälle bezogen auf 100.000 Lebendgeburten. Auch die reine operations- bzw. anästhesiebedingte Sectioletalität hat sich in den letzten 20 Jahren deutlich vermindert. Nichtsdestotrotz geht die vaginale Geburt mit einem für die Mutter per se niedrigeren Risiko einher. So liegt die Letalität bei vaginaler Geburt um den Faktor 5–10 niedriger bei Ausschluss gestationsbedingter Risiken. Die primäre Sectio weist gegenüber der sekundären Sectio ein 1,7fach vermindertes Letalitätsrisiko auf. Haupttodesursachen sind weiterhin die Hämorrhagie und Thrombembolien. Aber auch die sectiobedingte Morbidität liegt weiterhin über der einer vaginalen Geburt. Die Rate an stärkeren Blutverlusten ist signifikant höher. Das Risiko einer tiefen Venenthrombose liegt rund 10fach über dem einer vaginalen Geburt mit ebenfalls erhöhtem Risiko für eine Lungenembolie sowie einem postthrombotischen Syndrom. Zwar konnte durch die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe die Infektmorbidität um mehr als 50% gesenkt werden, doch ist die Endometritis und die Wundinfektion nach Sectio noch rund 10- bis 15-mal häufiger als bei vaginaler Geburt.
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  • 56
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    Der Ophthalmologe 97 (2000), S. 781-783 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Katarakt-Chirurgie ; Komplikationen ; IOL-Luxation ; Doppel IOL ; Doppelbilder ; Keywords Cataract surgery ; Complications ; Intraocular lens dislocation ; Double intraocular lens implant ; Double vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An 80-year-old man had intraoperative loss of an intraocular lens (IOL) in the vitreous and simultaneous implantation of an anterior chamber lens. For the first 3 years his course was uncomplicated, but after this time he noted monocular double vision. The IOL in the vitreous had moved into the optic axis of the eye. The case presented here underlines the possibility of complications occurring even years after surgery due to an IOL left behind in the vitreous. The double IOL implant technique should be reserved for very few selected indications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 80-jährigen Patienten war nach intraoperativer Luxation einer intraokularen Linse (IOL) in den Glaskörper (GK) eine zweite IOL in die Vorderkammer implantiert worden. Nach zunächst komplikationslosem Verlauf, bemerkte der Patient 3 Jahre später monokulare Doppelbilder, offensichtlich durch eine Mobilisierung der IOL im GK in die optische Achse. Der beschriebene Fall zeigt, dass Komplikationen einer in den GK luxierten IOL auch nach längerer Zeit noch auftreten können. Die Doppelimplantationstechnik sollte ganz wenigen Ausnahmefällen vorbehalten werden.
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  • 57
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    Der Ophthalmologe 97 (2000), S. 881-884 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter LASIK ; einzeitige und zweizeitige Operation ; Kostenaspekt ; Komplikationen ; Keywords LASIK ; Simultaneous and sequential operation ; Cost effectiveness ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Until recently simultaneous bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) was regarded as contraindicated in Germany. However, the procedure was sporadically performed, because it offers patient comfort and is more cost effective than sequential LASIK. Even though the complication rate is below the calculated rate of 0.01%, bilateral complications may have catastrophic effects on the patient. In addition, there is the theoretical disadvantage that the results from the first eye cannot be used for the second eye. However, this effect has yet to be clinically proven.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Seit September 2000 wird in Deutschland die bilaterale simultane Laser-in-situ-Keratomileusis (LASIK) nicht mehr als ungerechtfertigt angesehen. Bereits zuvor wurde sie vereinzelt durchgeführt, da sie dem Patienten einen höheren Komfort bietet und kostengünstiger ist als ein zweizeitiges Vorgehen. Auch wenn die Komplikationsrate sehr gering ist und sicherlich unter der rechnerischen Komplikationsrate von 0,01% liegt, können beidseitige Komplikationen katastrophale Auswirkungen für den Patienten haben. Zudem besteht der theoretische Nachteil der schlechteren Vorhersagbarkeit für das zweitbehandelte Auge. Dieser Effekt konnte bisher klinisch nicht nachgewiesen werden.
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  • 58
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    Der Orthopäde 29 (2000), S. 802-807 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Unterschenkel ; Torsion ; Tibiatorsion ; Untersuchung ; Therapie ; Kind ; Adoleszente ; Bein ; Entwicklung ; Osteotomie ; Keywords Tibia ; Torsion ; Adolescence ; Child ; Osteotomy ; Diagnosis ; Therapy ; Developmental ; Leg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Tibial torsion defects are usually not clinically evident and, hence, are often overlooked. Clinical examination and CT scan have proved to be the best ways of measuring static tibial torsion, whereas dynamic measurements are usually performed in the clinic and the “gait laboratory.” Only few studies have determined there to be a connection between a torsion defect in the lower leg and expected pathological conditions of the knee and ankle joints. However, patellofemoral instability, Osgood-Schlatter disease, osteochondrosis dissecans are increasingly being found in cases of increased external tibial torsion and arthrosis in reduced torsion. Although spontaneous correction may occur in certain cases, in others the only way to correct the condition is by employing physiologic torsion. Conservative treatment methods such as bandages or ortheses have been shown to not have any effect on torsion; thus, surgical treatment is the only successful way to correct a pathologic angle of rotation of the tibia. For this, supramalleolar osteotomy with fixation using Kirscher wires and plaster or an external fixator are the most common treatments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Tibiale Torsionsfehler sind meistens klinisch nicht sehr evident und werden deshalb häufig übersehen. Zur Messung der statischen Tibiatorsion hat sich am besten die klinische Untersuchung und das CT bewährt, während für die dynamische Messung die Klinik und das Ganglabor zum Einsatz kommen. Es gibt nur wenige Studien, die einen Zusammenhang zwischen einem Torsionsfehler des Unterschenkels (US) und zu erwartenden Pathologien des Knie- und Sprunggelenks nachweisen. Immerhin wurden vermehrt patellofemorale Instabilitäten, Morbus Osgood-Schlatter, Osteochondrosis dissecans bei erhöhter Tibiaaußentorsion und Arthrose bei veminderter Torsion nachgewiesen. Während die Korrektur nach Frakturen in gewissen Fällen spontan erfolgen kann, ist bei andern Ursachen keine Korrektur außer der physiologischen Torsion zu erwarten. Konservative Maßnahmen wie Bandagen oder Orthesen haben nachgewiesenerrmaßen keinen Effekt auf die Torsion, sodass bei pathologischem Drehwinkel der Tibia nur die operative Korrektur zum Erfolg führt. Diese wird meistens in Form einer supramlleolären Osteotomie mit Fixation durch Kirscher-Drähte und Gips oder durch einen Fixateur externe durchgeführt.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Arbeitsgemeinschaft “Wirbelsäule” der DGU ; Prospektive multizentrische Studie ; Thorakolumbale Wirbelsäule ; Wirbelsäulenverletzung ; Operative Behandlung ; Operative Zugänge zur Wirbelsäule ; Dorsale Stabilisierung ; Kombinierte Stabilisierung ; Ventrale Stabilisierung ; Fusionsoperation ; Fixateur interne ; Spinalkanaldekompression ; Komplikationen ; Schraubenfehllagen ; Grund-Deckplatten-Winkel ; Segmentale Kyphose ; Körperwinkel ; Sagittaler Index ; CT der Wirbelsäule ; Keywords Working group “spine” of the German Trauma Society, prospective multicenter study ; Thoracolumbar spine ; Fractures and dislocations of the spine ; Injuries of the spine ; Operative treatment ; Posterior surgery ; Combined surgery ; Anterior surgery ; Spinal fusion ; Internal fixator ; Decompression of the spinal canal ; Complications ; Misplaced pedicle screws ; Segmental kyphosis angle ; Wedge angle ; Sagittal index ; Computertomography of the spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors report on a prospective multicenter study with regard to the operative treatment of acute fractures and dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine (T10–L2). The study should analyze the operative methods currently used and determine the results in a large representative collective. This investigation was realized by the working group “spine” of the German Trauma Society. Between September 1994 and December 1996, 682 patients treated in 18 different traumatology centers in Germany and Austria were included. Part 2 describes the details of the operative methods and measured data in standard radiographs and CT scans of the spine. Of the patients, 448 (65.7%) were treated with posterior, 197 (28.9%) with combined posterior-anterior, and 37 (5.4%) with anterior surgery alone. In 72% of the posterior operations, the instrumentation was combined with transpedicular bone grafting. The combined procedures were performed as one-stage operations in 38.1%. A significantly longer average operative time (4:14 h) was noted in combined cases compared to the posterior (P〈0.001) or anterior (P〈0.05) procedures. The average blood loss was comparable in both posterior and anterior groups. During combined surgery the blood loss was significantly higher (P〈0.001; P〈0.05). The longest intraoperative fluoroscopy time (average 4:08 min) was noticed in posterior surgery with a significant difference compared to the anterior group. In almost every case a “Fixateur interne” (eight different types of internal fixators) was used for posterior stabilization. For anterior instrumentation, fixed angle implants (plate or rod systems) were mainly preferred (n=22) compared to non-fixed angle plate systems (n=12). A decompression of the spinal canal (indirect by reduction or direct by surgical means) was performed in 70.8% of the neurologically intact patients (Frankel/ASIA E) and in 82.6% of those with neurologic deficit (Frankel/ASIA grade A–D). An intraoperative myelography was added in 22% of all patients. The authors found a significant correlation between the amount of canal compromise in preoperative CT scans and the neurologic deficit in Frankel/ASIA grades. The wedge angle and sagittal index measured on lateral radiographs improved from −17.0° and 0.63 (preoperative) to −6.3° and 0.86 (postoperative). A significantly (P〈0.01) stronger deformity was noted preoperatively in the combined group compared to the posterior one. The segmental kyphosis angle improved by 11.3° (8.8° with inclusion of the two adjacent intervertebral disc spaces). A significantly better operative correction of the kyphotic deformity was found in the combined group. In 101 (14.8%) patients, intra- or postoperative complications were noticed, 41 (6.0%) required reoperation. There was no significant difference between the three treatment groups. Of the 2264 pedicle screws, 139 (6.1%) were found to be misplaced. This number included all screws, which were judged to be not placed in an optimal direction or location. In seven (1.0%) patients the false placement of screws was judged as a complication, four (0.6%) of them required revision. The multicenter study determines the actual incidence of thoracolumbar fractures and dislocations with associated injuries and describes the current standard of operative treatment. The efforts and prospects of different surgical methods could be demonstrated considering certain related risks. The follow-up of the population is still in progress and the late results remain for future publication.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Autoren berichten über eine prospektive multizentrische Studie zur operativen Behandlung frischer Verletzungen des thorakolumbalen Übergangs (Th10 bis L2). Die Studie soll die derzeitigen Behandlungsmethoden und ihre Ergebnisse an einem großen Kollektiv repräsentativ analysieren und wird von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft “Wirbelsäule” der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) erarbeitet. An 18 unfallchirurgischen Kliniken in Deutschland und Österreich wurden von September 1994 bis Dezember 1996 insgesamt 682 Patienten prospektiv erfasst. Die Nachuntersuchung der Patienten ist z. Z. noch nicht abgeschlossen. Im Teil 1 (Epidemiologie) wurden Studiendesign und epidemiologische Daten des Kollektivs dargestellt. Der vorliegende Teil 2 schildert die Details der Operationen sowie Messdaten der konventionellen Röntgenuntersuchungen und Computertomographien (CT); 448 (65,7%) Patienten wurden von dorsal, 197 (28,9%) kombiniert dorsoventral und 37 (5,4%) isoliert von ventral operiert; 72% der 448 von dorsal stabilisierten Patienten erhielten eine transpedikuläre Spongiosaplastik. Die kombinierten dorsoventralen Eingriffe wurden bei 75 (38,1%) Verletzten einzeitig und bei 122 (61,9%) zweizeitig durchgeführt. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit war bei kombiniertem Eingriff mit 4:14 h signifikant länger als bei dorsalem (p〈0,001) oder ventralem (p〈0,05). Der durchschnittliche Blutverlust war bei dorsalem und ventralen Vorgehen vergleichbar hoch und signifikant geringer als bei kombinierter Operation (p〈0,001 bzw 〈0,05). Die intraoperative Durchleuchtungszeit war mit 4:08 min bei dorsaler Behandlung am längsten und signifikant (p〈0,005) länger als bei ventraler. Als dorsales Implantat wurde fast ausnahmslos ein Fixateur interne verwendet (8 verschiedene Modelle). Bei den ventralen Eingriffen kamen überwiegend winkelstabile Platten- oder Stabsysteme (n=22) und seltener winkelinstabile Platten (n=12) zum Einsatz. Der Spinalkanal wurde bei 82,6% der Patienten mit neurologischem Defizit und bei 70,8% derjenigen ohne Ausfallserscheinungen direkt mit Eröffnung des Spinalkanals oder indirekt mit Hilfe des Instrumentariums dekomprimiert. Eine intraoperative Myelographie wurde bei 22% der Patienten für notwendig gehalten. Wir fanden eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation zwischen dem Ausmaß der neurologischen Beeinträchtigung und der Einengung des Spinalkanals im präoperativen CT. Der im seitlichen Röntgenbild ermittelte Körperwinkel des betroffenen Wirbels und der sagittale Index betrugen im Gesamtkollektiv präoperativ im Mittel −17,0° und 0,63; postoperativ lagen die Werte bei −6,3° und 0,86. Eine signifikant (p〈0,01) stärkere Verformung des Wirbelkörpers bestand präoperativ in der kombinierten gegenüber der dorsalen Gruppe. Der segmentale Kyphosewinkel GDW 1 wurde von prä- zu postoperativ durchschnittlich um 11,3° und der GDW 2 um 8,8° lordosiert. Die signifikant (p〈0,005) größte Korrektur wurde bei den kombiniert Behandelten erzielt. Bei insgesamt 101 (14,8%) Patienten wurden intra- oder postoperative Komplikationen beobachtet, davon 41 (6,0%) revisionspflichtige. Die 3 Behandlungsgruppen wiesen unterschiedliche Komplikationsraten auf, der Unterschied war jedoch nicht signifikant (χ2-Test). Die Rate von Fehllagen transpedikulärer Schrauben betrug 139 von 2264 (6,1%) Schrauben; jede nicht optimal plazierte Schraube wurde dabei als Fehllage dokumentiert. Bei 7 (1,0%) Patienten wurde eine Schraubenfehllage als Komplikation gewertet und 4 (0,6%) von diesen wurden deswegen revidiert. Die Sammelstudie ermöglicht eine aktuelle Standortbestimmung für Verletzungshäufigkeiten und -muster sowie die verschiedenen, heute angewendeten Operationsmethoden. Mit der multizentrischen Studie konnten erstmals der operative Aufwand sowie Möglichkeiten und Risiken der verschiedenen Behandlungsformen dargestellt werden. Weiterführende Ergebnisse sind von den noch andauernden klinischen und radiologischen Nachuntersuchungen zu erwarten.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Implantatpositionierung ; Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris ; Komplikationen ; Behandlungskonsequenzen ; Keywords Implant position ; Slipped capital femoral epiphysis ; Complications ; Consequences of treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Which consequences can be ascribed to the intraarticular position of devices in the operative treatment of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? Which steps are to define as a standard of a careful procedure? The clinical and radiological results of five cases of a pin or nail penetration after the operative treatment of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis are described, a possible connection of causalities is investigated. The intraarticular position of devices in most cases goes along with an unfortunate clinical outcome and leads to a higher risk of developing chondrolysis. Because of the radiologic overprojection with the femoral head it is possible to oversee the malposition of the pin. Any operative treatment of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis requires a careful intraoperative X-ray examination combined with documentation. With this procedure the bad results of an intraarticular implant position must be ascribed to the reminding risk of a fateful development.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Welche Folgen bei der operativen Behandlung der Epiphysioslysis capitis femoris sind einer intraartikulären Implantatlage zuzurechnen, und welche Maßnahmen sind als Sorgfaltsmaßstab zu definieren? Anhand von 5 Fällen mit intraartikulärer Implantatlage nach der operativen Behandlung einer Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris werden die klinischen und radiologischen Folgen aufgezeigt und ein möglicher Kausalzusammenhang anhand der Literatur untersucht. Die intraartikuläre Implantatlage geht meistens mit einem ungünstigen klinischen Ergebnis einher und führt zu einer erheblichen Risikoerhöhung für das Auftreten einer Chondrolyse. Durch Überlagerung mit dem Femurkopf kann sich die Fehlposition des Implantates der radiologischen Diagnostik entziehen. Jede operative Behandlung der Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris erfordert eine sorgfältige intraoperative Durchleuchtungskontrolle, eine entsprechende Dokumentation ist zu empfehlen. Bei einem solchen Vorgehen sind die Folgen einer intraartikulären Position des Implantats als Restrisiko dem schicksalshaften Verlauf zuzurechnen.
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  • 61
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    Der Unfallchirurg 103 (2000), S. 437-443 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Radiusköpfchenfraktur ; Primäre Resektion ; Osteosynthese ; Sekundäre Resektion ; Komplikationen ; Keywords Radial head fracture ; Primary resection ; Osteosynthesis ; Secondary resection ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Apart from comminuted fractures of the radial head the indication for resection of the radial head is discussed controversially. To evaluate our own results, the hospital notes of 113 patients treated between 1.1.1984–31.12.1994 in our clinic by posttraumatic primary or secondary radial head resection were examined retrospectively. 79 patients were controlled by clinical and radiological examination with an average follow-up of 37,8 months. We examined at 46 patients the influence of additional lesions of the elbow joint on the functional outcome. In 33 patients follow up was done with special regard to the time of resection. Poor results due to the score from Radin and Riseborough especially followed secondary radial head resection (〉14 days after trauma) and in case of additional elbow lesions. We could not observe problems of the wrist joint after radial head resection as described by other authors. According to our own experience primary resection is recommended in case of doubtful reconstruction of the radial head. In these fracture types radial head resection should not be seen as an alternative treatment because of the worse results following secondary resection.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Abgesehen von Trümmerfrakturen wird die Indikationsstellung zur Radiusköpfchenresektion kontrovers diskutiert. Zur Evaluation eigener Ergebnisse führten wir eine retrospektive Untersuchung der 113 Patienten durch, die von 1.1.1984–31.12.1994 mittels primärer oder sekundärer posttraumatischer Radiusköpfchenresektion behandelt wurden. Nach einem durchschnittlichen postoperativen Intervall von 37,8 Monaten konnten insgesamt 79 Patienten klinisch und radiologisch nachuntersucht werden. Bei 46 Patienten wurde die Auswirkung der Begleitverletzungen auf das Endergebnis untersucht. Bei 33 Patienten erfolgte die Nachuntersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Resektionszeitpunktes. Schlechte Behandlungsergebnisse nach den Kriterien des Scores von Radin und Riseborough resultierten besonders häufig nach sekundärer Radiusköpfchenresektion (〉 14 Tage nach Trauma) und bei Begleitverletzungen des Ellenbogengelenks. Die Berichte anderer Autoren über negative Langzeitfolgen auf das Handgelenk können wir nicht bestätigen. Nach unseren Erfahrungen sollte daher bei zweifelhaften Rekonstruktionsversuchen die primäre Radiusköpfchenresektion bevorzugt werden, die aufgrund der eindeutig schlechteren Resultate nach sekundärer Resektion nicht als Option für mißlungene Erhaltungsversuche des Radiusköpfchens betrachtet werden darf.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Nasenrachenkarzinom ; Epstein-Barr-Virus ; Immunhistologie ; Polymerasekettenreaktion ; Keywords ; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We report the case of a 36-year-old women who was found to have a malignant tumor extending from the side of her right nasal cavity to the nasopharynx. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were not able to define the primary site of the tumor. Histologic evaluation demonstrated an undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Because of the different treatment concepts for carcinomas of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, we tried to identify the primary site by diagnosing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which is associated with carcinoma of the nasopharynx. By using immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction EBV could be identified in the cells of the carcinoma. This showed that the primary site of the tumor was located in the nasopharynx and resulted in the patient being treated with simultaneous radiochemotherapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine 36 Jahre alte Patientin stellte sich mit einem ausgedehnten Tumor der rechten Nasenhöhle und des rechten Nasenrachens vor. Die histologische Untersuchung ergab ein undifferenziertes Plattenepithelkarzinom. Sowohl mit Hilfe der computertomographischen, als auch der kernspintomographischen Befunde, war keine eindeutige Bestimmung der Primärtumorregion möglich. Anhand der bekannten Assoziation zwischen Karzinomen des Nasenrachens und Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) wurde versucht, die Primärlokalisation des Tumors zu klären. Immunhistologisch und durch „polymerase chain reaction” war es möglich, eine EBV-Infektion im Tumor nachzuweisen. Die Primärlokalisation des Tumors wurde damit dem Nasenrachen zugeordnet und die entsprechende Therapie für diese Lokalisation in Form einer simultanen Radiochemotherapie eingeleitet.
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  • 63
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    Manuelle Medizin 38 (2000), S. 335-341 
    ISSN: 1433-0466
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kiefergelenk ; Kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion (CMD) ; Kraniozervikale Dysfunktion (CCE) ; Kraniosakrale Dysfunktion (CSD) ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Keywords Temporomandibular joint ; Craniomandibular disorder ; Craniocervical disorder ; Craniosacral disorder ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Evaluating the current understanding of craniomandibular disorders means attempting to discern structures among the dysfunctions of this functional disturbance rather than recording the multitude of different forms. Most dentists understand the functioning and dysfunctions of the craniomandibular system (CMS) while most orthopedists have knowledge in the functioning and dysfunctions of the craniocervical systems (CCS), and some are well trained in the disturbances of the craniosacral system (CSS). In clinical practice, however, the specific data and the structural and functional connections are not provided by associative connections. Therefore the figure at the end of the article will help those lacking substantial experience to keep in view the variety of disorders, recognize the inner structure of the dysfunction, consult with colleagues, and begin effective therapeutic procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine bewertende Standortbestimmung zum Thema kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion vorzunehmen bedeutet nicht, dass versucht wird, die facettenreichen vielgestaltigen Formen von Funktionsstörungen vollständig nachzuzeichnen, sondern vielmehr, das Krankheitsbild – anhand vereinfachter Denkmodelle – durchgängig zu strukturieren. Die meisten Zahnärzte haben Kenntisse über die Funktionen und Dysfunktionen des kraniomandibulären Systems (CMS). Dagegen kennen sich die meisten Orthopäden und Physiotherapeuten gut mit den Funktionen und Dysfunktionen des kraniozervikalen Systems (CCS) aus, etliche auch mit dem kraniosakralen System (CSS). Es sind aber eher die Einzeldaten, die strukturellen und funktionellen Zusammenhänge, die oft nicht durch Assoziationsketten strukturiert sind. Eine tabellarische Übersicht soll deshalb dem noch nicht so Erfahrenen helfen, den Überblick zu behalten und die innere Struktur der Funktionsstörungen zu erkennen, Kollegen gezielt hinzuziehen und die Therapie sinnvoll einzuleiten.
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  • 64
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 475-478 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tufted Angioma ; Büschelartiges Hämangiom ; Kutane Tumoren ; Therapie ; Key words Tufted angioma ; Hemangioma ; Cutaneous tumor ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Case report: A 16-month-old girl was admitted with a 6-month history of multiple redishblue plaques on the right abdomen. These proved to have increased in size and number daturing a 1.5-year follow-up. Histologically (including histochemistry and electron microscopy), these skin changes were classified as tufted angioma. Tufted angioma is a rare, often multiple benign tumor. Half of the tumors reported develop in children 5 years and younger. The exclusion of malignant tumors (leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma) is important. A punch biopsy is not very traumatic. A subsequent histological examination is highly sensitive and specific. Therapy: There are a few active therapeutic options with rather severel side effects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fallbericht: Bei einem Mädchen im Alter von 16 Monaten traten seit einem halben Jahr am rechten Abdomen multiple, disseminierte rötliche bis bläulich-bräunliche infiltrierte Plaques auf, die innerhalb des 1,5-jährigen Beobachtungszeitraums weiter an Größe und Anzahl zunahmen. Mittels konventioneller Histologie, Immunhistologie und Elektronenmikroskopie sicherten wird die Diagnose eines Tufted Angioma. Das Tufted Angioma ist ein sehr seltener, häufig multipel vorkommender Tumor gutartigen Charakters. Die Hälfte der berichteten Tumoren entwickelte sich innerhalb der ersten 5 Lebensjahre. Deshalb ist der differenzialdiagnostische Ausschluss eines malignen Geschehens (Leukämie, Lymphome, Neuroblastom) von außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Hierzu ist eine Stanzbiopsie ideal geeignet, da sie einfach durchführbar und nur gering traumatisch ist. Die nachfolgende Histologie hat eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität. Therapie: Die aktiven therapeutischen Möglichkeiten müssen eher als eingeschränkt und nebenwirkungsreich gewertet werden. Eine spontane Rückbildung ist möglich.
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  • 65
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    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 572-574 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Mucocele ; Ileostomy ; Complications ; Hartmann procedure. ; Schlüsselwörter: Mucocele ; Ileostoma ; Komplikationen ; Hartmannstumpf.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 53 jährige Patientin, bei der 22 Jahre nach Anlage eines Ileostomas wegen eines Morbus Crohn eine Stenose im distalen Colonsegment (Hartmannstumpf) zu einer mucocelenartigen Transformation und nachfolgenden Ruptur geführt hat. Über die Ruptur eines stillgelegten Colonabschnitts nach Anlage eines Ileostomas wurde bisher offenbar noch nicht berichtet.
    Notes: Abstract. We report an unusual complication in a 53-year-old woman following ileostomy for Crohn's disease 22 years previously. A stenosis of the distal colonic segment was the reason for the formation and subsequent rupture of a huge colonic mucocele. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a ruptured mucocele of colonic origin after ileostomy.
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  • 66
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    Supportive care in cancer 8 (2000), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Marrow transplantation ; Complications ; Oral mucositis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In recent years, significant improvements have been made in the management of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and other potentially life-threatening complications of ablative chemotherapy. While these complications are of particular concern to physicians, patients receiving ablative therapy for bone marrow or blood stem cell transplants are often troubled by other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and mouth sores. The purpose of the study was to gain a better understanding of patients' experiences while undergoing a transplant. The same professional medical interviewer conducted in-depth interviews with 38 subjects (10 men, 28 women; mean age 46.9 years) who had received ablative therapy for bone marrow and/or peripheral blood stem cell transplants. Participants were consecutively identified through physician and patient referrals, cancer and BMT patient support groups, and newspaper advertisements. Twenty-eight patients (74%) received autologous stem cell transplants and 10 patients (26%) received allogeneic transplants. Participants reported mouth sores, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue as the most troubling side effects of their transplants. Mouth sores were selected as the single most debilitating side effect (42%), followed by nausea and vomiting (13%). Many patients mentioned that mouth sores made it difficult or impossible to eat (n=23), swallow (n=21), drink (n=17), and/or talk (n=8). Twenty patients reported pain in the mouth, throat, and/or esophagus. Two-thirds (66%) of patients reported receiving opioid analgesics, most frequently morphine, to relieve oral pain. For many, opioids caused incapacitating side effects, including hallucinations, a feeling of loss of control and a decrease in mental acuity. Patients receiving ablative chemotherapy identify oral mucositis as a significant cause of suffering and morbidity. Effective interventions to alleviate this complication are urgently needed.
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  • 67
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    Der Ophthalmologe 97 (2000), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Augenmuskeloperation ; Komplikationen ; Heilungsverlauf ; Key words Eye muscle surgery ; Complications ; Healing process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Background: Varying reports on the incidence of operative and postoperative complications following eye muscle surgery have been published. The purpose of this study was to quantify complications after various types of eye muscle surgery as well as minor pathological changes of the anterior and posterior segment. Patients and methods: This prospective study included all patients who underwent eye muscle surgery at the Department of Strabismology and Neuroophthalmology, Giessen, from January to May 1998. Five hundred eyes of 377 patients aged 2–82 years were included. The spectrum of procedures comprised: recessions, resections, tucks, R&R procedures, transpositions, bimedial retroequatorial myopexies, and revisions of rectus and oblique muscles. All patients were examined 1 day preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, and 3 months postoperatively. Any complications and even minor pathological changes of the anterior and posterior segment were documented. Some changes were assessed by means of a score (0–3). Results: One day postoperatively, 30% of eyes had inflammatory pseudoptosis, most of them mild. Conjunctival swelling and injection were frequently mild and moderate, after 1 week mostly mild. Conjunctival irritation was more pronounced following resection than tucking. Punctate epithelial keratopathy was noted in 1.6% of cases (first postoperative day), dellen in 4.3% (first postoperative week). Three months postoperatively, 14.3% of eyes had biomicroscopically visible conjunctival folds and 91.3% had minimal conjunctival scars. None of the patients had a scleral perforation or other serious complication. Conclusions: Eye muscle surgery rarely entails complications. Revisions due to organic pathological changes are extremely rare. Possible development of dellen requires check-up 4–7 days postoperatively. Tucking of rectus muscles causes less conjunctival irritation than resection.
    Notes: Hintergrund: Zur Inzidenz operativer und postoperativer Komplikationen bei Augenmuskeloperationen liegen unterschiedliche Mitteilungen vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, sowohl Komplikationen als auch geringfügige pathologische Veränderungen des vorderen und hinteren Augenabschnittes nach unterschiedlichen Augenmuskeloperationen zu quantifizieren. Patienten und Methode: Es wurden prospektiv alle Patienten erfaßt, bei denen im Zeitraum Januar bis Mai 1998 an der Augenklinik für Schielbehandlung und Neuroophthalmologie Gießen eine Augenmuskeloperation durchgeführt wurde. In die Studie konnten 500 Augen von 377 Patienten im Alter von 2 bis 82 Jahren einbezogen werden. Das Spektrum der durchgeführten Eingriffe umfaßte Rücklagerungen, Resektionen, Faltungen, kombinierte Operationen, Transpositionen, Fadenoperationen und Revisionsoperationen an allen geraden und schrägen Augenmuskeln. Die Patienten wurden am Tag vor der Operation und postoperativ am ersten Tag, nach einer Woche und nach drei Monaten untersucht. Alle Komplikationen des vorderen und hinteren Augenabschnittes wurden dokumentiert und quantitativ erfaßt, teilweise erfolgte eine Gradeinteilung (0–3). Ergebnisse: Am ersten postoperativen Tag war bei 30% der Augen eine zumeist diskrete Lidschwellung auffällig. Die Bindehautschwellung und -injektion waren meist gering bis mäßig, nach einer Woche häufig nur noch gering. Der Reizzustand der Bindehaut war geringer nach Faltung als nach Resektion eines horizontalen M. rectus. Bei den Hornhautveränderungen dominierte am ersten postoperativen Tag eine Epitheliopathie (1,6%), nach 1 Woche standen diskrete Fuchs'sche Dellen (4,3%) im Vordergrund, die unter lokaler Therapie abheilten. Mikroskopisch erkennbare Bindehautfalten wurden überwiegend zur 3-Monats-Kontrolle (14,3%) dokumentiert, ebenso Bindehautnarben (91,3%), die i.d.R. sehr gering waren. Perforationen oder schwerwiegende Komplikationen kamen nicht vor. Schlußfolgerungen: Eine Augenmuskeloperation ist ein komplikationsarmer Eingriff, der nur selten einen erneuten Eingriff wegen organischer pathologischer Veränderungen erfordert. Zur Erkennung von Fuchs'schen Dellen ist eine Kontrolluntersuchung 4–7 Tage postoperativ wichtig. Faltung eines horizontalen M. rectus führt zu weniger Bindehautreiz als Resektion.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Okuläres vernarbendes Pemphigoid ; Therapie ; Komplikationen ; Glaukom ; Key words Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid ; Therapy ; Complications ; Glaucoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by subepidermal blistering and progressive cicatrization affecting the skin and mucosa. Ocular involvement occurs in approximately 70% of the patients. Methods: The course of the disease, complications and putative risk factors in patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) treated at the Departments of Ophthalmology and Dermatology were analyzed retrospectively from 1986 to 1998. Results: Eighteen of 28 patients (64%) with CP demonstrated ocular involvement. The mean age of patients with OCP was 73 years; 61% were female. At the time of referral to our hospital, all patients had reached advanced stage III (83%) or IV (17%) of OCP. In 38% of patients vision was already reduced to 〈20/200 at first presentation. Twenty-eight percent of patients additionally suffered from glaucoma. Two patients exhibited life-threatening extraocular manifestations of CP (larynx stricture, esophagus stricture). Conjunctival or mucosal biopsies were performed in 15 patients with OCP and showed typical immunodeposits at the basement membrane zone in 12/15 patients. Therapy with dapsone (12 patients), oral steroids (11 patients), azathioprine (5 patients), cyclophosphamide (4 patients), colchicine (2 patients) and methotrexate (1 patient) was used concomitantly or consecutively. Complications of OCP including entropion, recurrent epithelial erosions, corneal ulcers, keratitis, and corneal perforations required multiple surgical interventions such as entropion surgery (8 patients), tarsorrhaphy (3 patients), mucous membrane grafting (1 patient), amniotic membrane transplantation (1 patient), tectonic keratoplasty (1 patient), keratoprosthesis (1 patient) and enucleation (1 patient). Despite control of the inflammatory process, further visual loss occurred in 53% of eyes. Reading visual acuity could only be maintained in 35% of eyes. Discussion: Early diagnosis and therapy can prevent ocular complications of OCP. This study indicates that advanced stages of the disease often result in irreversible visual loss despite institution of immunosuppressive therapy. Whether or not the high association of OCP with glaucoma and/or anti-glaucomatous treatment in our patients represents part of the underlying disease process or plays a role in the pathogenesis of OCP must still be clarified.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das vernarbende Pemphigoid (cicatricial pemphigoid, CP) ist eine seltene, mit subepidermaler Blasenbildung und Vernarbung einhergehende Autoimmunerkrankung, die sich an Haut und Schleimhaut manifestiert. Eine Augenbeteiligung liegt bei etwa 70% der Patienten vor. Methode: Retrospektiv wurden Krankheitsverlauf, klinische Komplikationen und mögliche Risikofaktoren von Patienten der Augen- und Hautklinik mit vernarbendem Pemphigoid von 1986–1998 untersucht. Ergebnisse: 18/28 Patienten (64%) mit CP hatten eine okuläre Beteiligung. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten mit okulärem vernarbendem Pemphigoid betrug 73 Jahre, 61% der Patienten waren weiblich. Bereits bei Erstvorstellung in unserer Klinik bestand bei allen Patienten ein Krankheitsstadium III (83%) oder IV (17%), mit einem Visus 〈0.1 in 38% der Augen. Bei 28% der Patienten wurde zusätzlich ein Glaukom diagnostiziert. Zwei Patienten zeigten eine lebensgefährliche extraokuläre Schleimhautbeteiligung (Larynx- bzw. Ösophagusstriktur). Bei 15 Patienten mit okulärem vernarbendem Pemphigoid wurde eine Bindehaut- bzw. Schleimhautbiopsie aus dem Mund oder Nasen-Rachen-Raum durchgeführt, welche die Verdachtsdiagnose bei 12/15 Patienten immunhistologisch sicherte. Eine Therapie mit Dapson (12 Patienten), oraler Kortikosteroidgabe (11 Patienten), Azathioprin (5 Patienten), Cyclophosphamid (4 Patienten), Colchizin (2 Patienten) und Methotrexat (1 Patient) wurde in Folge oder Kombination eingesetzt. Komplikationen wie Lidfehlstellungen, rezidivierende Epitheldefekte, Hornhautulzera, Keratitiden und Hornhaut-Perforationen erforderten multiple operative Eingriffe wie Entropium-Operation (8 Patienten), Tarsorrhaphie (3 Patienten), Kryoepilation (2 Patienten), Mundschleimhaut-Transplantat (1 Patient), Amniontransplantat (1 Patient), tektonische Keratoplastik (1 Patient), Keratoprothese (1 Patient) und Enukleation (1 Patient). Trotz befriedigender Kontrolle des okulären vernarbenden Pemphigoids kam es bei 53% der Augen zum weiteren Visusabfall. Ein Lesevisus konnte nur in 35% der Augen erhalten werden. Schlußfolgerung: Wahrscheinlich kann die Früherkennung und rechtzeitige Behandlung des okulären vernarbenden Pemphigoids okuläre Komplikationen verhindern. Diese Studie zeigt, daß trotz immunsuppressiver Therapie in Spätstadien häufig ein irreversibler Visusverlust resultiert. Es bleibt zu untersuchen, ob die auffällig hohe Assoziation von okulärem vernarbendem Pemphigoid zu Glaukom bzw. antiglaukomatöser Therapie in unserem Patientenkollektiv als Folge der Grunderkrankung oder als pathogenetischer Faktor zu werten ist.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kniegelenkverletzung ; Mediales Kollateralband ; Ruptur ; Gefäßversorgung ; Therapie ; Key words Knee injury ; Medial collateral ligament ; Rupture ; Vascularization ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Because the vascularization of ligaments is an important factor in ligament healing we wanted to examine the vascularization status of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. The type of vascularization was examined by mikroangiographie of 21 postmortem preparations. We could observe a vascularization from the proximal end of the ligament by one or two major vessels in all cases. These vessels were mostly localized in the ventral third of the ligament. From the proximal to the distal part of the ligament we found a decreasing density of blood vessels. We could not observe vessel free ligament areas. Due to this vascularization status we would advise the differentiation of two ligament areas respecting the following therapy. Because of the good vascularization in the proximal part of the ligament we can accept good conditions concerning complete healing after a non-operative treatment and an operative therapy by suture or refixation. In the case of interligamentous and distal ruptures operative reconstruction by sutures often is difficult and a conservative therapy leads to a high rate of poor results. Therefore we advise fibrin bonding in these ligament areas if a surgical procedure is indicated because of the high risk of vessel strangulation after suture.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Da die Durchblutungsverhältnisse bei Bandrupturen einen wesentlichen Parameter insbesondere bezüglich der Erfolgsaussichten einer chirurgischen Versorgung darstellen, sollte in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Vaskularisation des Knieinnenbandes dargestellt werden. Die spezielle Durchblutungssituation wurde mittels Mikroangiographie an 21 Leichenpräparaten untersucht. Es zeigte sich dabei eine Versorgung von proximal durch 1 oder 2 Hauptgefäßstämme, die bevorzugt in den ventralen Bandanteilen verliefen. Die Gefäßdichte nahm von proximal nach distal sowie von ventral nach dorsal ab. Gefäßfreie Bandabschnitte waren nicht nachweisbar. Aufgrund des proximalen Versorgungstyps kann im proximalen Bandanteil im Vergleich zum distalen Abschnitt mit günstigeren Heilungsvoraussetzungen sowohl nach operativer als auch nach konservativer Therapie gerechnet werden. Dies entspricht den klinischen Erfahrungen. Prognostisch ungünstiger einzustufen sind interligamentäre und distale Bandverletzungen, die insbesondere nach konservativer Behandlung h6auml;ufig unbefriedigende Resultate zeigen. Angesichts der geringeren Vaskularisation der distalen Bandanteile würden wir hier die Bandrekonstruktion mittels Fibrinklebung empfehlen, die eine atraumatische Wiederherstellung ohne die Gefahr der nahtbedingten Gefäßstrangulation erlaubt.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pseudotumor orbitae ; Histopathologie ; Therapie ; Rhinochirurgische Zugänge ; Keywords Pseudotumor orbitae ; Histopathology ; Therapy ; Rhinosurgical approaches
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Orbital pseudotumor is a nonspecific inflammatory process of unknown etiology that can be divided histopathologically into three basic types: granulomatous, lymphoid, and sclerosing. Between 1995 and 1998, 12 patients with pseudotumor orbitae were treated in the ENT Department of the University of Saarland. Histopathological examination showed granulomatous type of pseudotumor in six, lymphoid in three, and sclerosing in three patients. In seven cases the pseudotumor orbitae were medially located and in four cases laterally. In one patient nearly all orbital structures were infiltrated. Diagnostic biopsy was taken endonasally in six cases, via medial orbitotomy in two cases, and via lateral orbitotomy in four cases. Due to their good delimitation lymphoid and sclerosing tumors were extracted completely during diagnostic biopsy and patients were free of complaints after a few weeks. The six patients with granulomatous pseudotumor were treated primarily with steroids after the diagnosis had been definitely confirmed by histology. In three of those six cases a second course of steroid therapy had to be given, with positive results in two cases. Follow-up was between 6 and 28 months (mean 16 months). There were no postoperative complications. The clinical and radiographic presentation of the pseudotumors can vary greatly. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of specific infections or neoplasms can only be established through diagnostic biopsy. Different rhinosurgical approaches provide clear biopsy results and in some cases the pseudotumor is even completely removed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Pseudotumor der Orbita ist ein unspezifischer entzündlicher Prozess dessen Genese unbekannt ist und der histologisch in 3 Gruppen unterteilt wird: der granulomatöse, lymphoide und sklerosierende Typ. Zwischen 1995 und 1998 haben wir 12 Patienten mit einem Pseudotumor der Orbita behandelt. Es handelte sich dabei um Fälle vom granulomatösen (n=6), lymphoiden (n=3) und sklerosierenden (n=3) Typ. Bei 7 Patienten war der Pseudotumor im medialen Bereich der Orbita und in 4 Fällen im lateralen Bereich lokalisiert. Bei einer Patientin lag eine diffuse Infiltration annähernd aller orbitalen Strukturen vor. Die Probebiopsie wurde in 6 Fällen endonasal, in 2 Fällen über eine mediale Orbitotomie und bei 4 Patienten über eine laterale Orbitotomie durchgeführt. Die gut abgrenzbaren lymphoiden (n=3) und sklerosierenden (n=3) Pseudotumoren konnten im Rahmen der Probebiopsie komplett entfernt werden, so dass die Patienten nach wenigen Wochen beschwerdefrei waren. Bei den 6 Patienten mit einem granulomatösen Pseudotumor wurde nach der definitiven Histologie eine primäre Kortikosteroidtherapie durchgeführt. In 3 der 6 Fälle kam es dadurch zu einem Rückgang der Beschwerden mit kompletter Ausheilung. Bei den restlichen 3 Patienten war eine erneute Kortisontherapie erforderlich wobei diese nur in 2 Fällen erfolgreich war. Der Nachbeobachtungszeitraum betrug 6–28 (Mittel 16) Monate. Postoperative Komplikationen traten nicht auf. Die klinische Symptomatik und die radiologische Darstellung der Pseudotumoren kann sehr variabel sein, so dass nur durch eine Probebiopsie eine genaue Differenzierung von spezifischen Infektionen und malignen Raumforderungen möglich ist. Die rhinochirurgischen Zugänge erlauben eine sichere Biopsie und in einigen Fällen auch eine komplette Entfernung des Pseudotumors.
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  • 71
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 895-899 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hydroa vacciniformis ; Klinik ; Differenzialdiagnosen ; Verlauf ; Therapie ; Keywords Hydroa vacciniformis ; Clinical features ; Differential diagnoses ; Course ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Case report. This case of a 6 year old boy presents hydroa vacciniformis, a rare skin disease in children which may also affect the eyes and is caused by UVA exposure. It presents as hemorrhagic small blisters in sun exposed areas that heal with a tendency to scarring, usually with recurrent onset at the beginning of the sunny season until adult age. Differential diagnosis. As possible differential diagnoses polymorphic light eruption, erythropoetic protoporphyria and photodermatitis due to external or systemic photosensitizers must be excluded. In rare cases congenital erythropoetic porphyria, hepatic erythropoetic porphyria, Epstein-Barr virus infection, lymphomatoid papulosis and angiocentric cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may cause the clinical symptoms of hydroa vacciniformis. Therapy. Appropriate therapy consists in protection of skin and eyes against direct and indirect UV radiation, especially UVA-radiation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fallbericht. Anhand der Kasuistik eines 6-jährigen Jungen wird die Hydroa vacciniformis, eine seltene, durch UVA-Exposition ausgelöste Dermatose mit möglicher Augenbeteiligung bei Kindern, vorgestellt. In lichtexponierten Bereichen treten zu Beginn der lichtreichen Jahreszeit rezidivierend bis zum Erwachsenenalter akut zahlreiche hämorrhagische Bläschen auf, die narbig abheilen. Differenzialdiagnose. Differenzialdiagnostisch müssen eine polymorphe Lichtdermatose, eine erythropoetische Protophorphyrie und eine Photodermatose durch exogene bzw. systemische Photosensibilisatoren ausgeschlossen werden. In seltenen Fällen können eine Porphyria erythropoetica congenita, eine hepatoerythropoetische Porphyrie, eine Infektion durch Epstein-Barr-Virus, eine lymphomatoide Papulose und ein angiozentrisches kutanes T-Zell-Lymphom klinisch ähnliche Symptome verursachen. Therapie. Die effektive Therapie besteht im Schutz vor direkter und indirekter UV-Exposition für Haut und Augen, insbesondere im UVA-Bereich.
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  • 72
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hämangiom ; Büschelartiges Hämangiom ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Keywords Haemangioma ; Tufted angioma ; Vascular lesion ; Diagnostic ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background: Tufted angioma represents a benign vascular lesion of the skin. The knowledge of this distinctive entity is important in distinction of clinically more aggressive and malignant neoplasms respectively. Case report. We report a 8-months-old girl who developed a deep seated tufted haemangioma on her right forearm. Sonography and MRI showed a good vascularized tumor with interseptal spreading. Histological examination of the incisional biopsy revealed a cellular capillary haemangioma with morphological features of rare tufted haemangioma. Discussion. Characteristic morphological features of tufted haemangioma allow accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis to clinically more aggressive and malignant neoplasms of skin and soft tissues, wheras radiological methods are rather unspecific and do not distinguish reliably between these vascular lesions. It is of special clinical importance that tufted haemangioma represents an enlarging but biologically benign vascular neoplasm.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Das büschelartige Hämangiom (“tufted angioma”) ist ein benigner vaskulärer Tumor der Haut, dessen Kenntnis in der Differenzialdiagnose zu aggressiveren und malignen Tumoren wichtig ist. Fallbericht. Es wird über ein 8 Monate altes Mädchen mit diesem Tumor im Unterarmbereich berichtet. Sonographie und Magnetresonanztomographie zeigten einen gut vaskularisierten Weichgewebetumor, bei dem aufgrund interseptaler Ausbreitung ein maligner Prozess nicht ausgeschlossen werden konnte. Die Histologie der Inzisionsbiopsie ergab ein zellreiches kapillares Hämangiom, dessen morphologische Veränderungen eine Einordnung als ein seltenes büschelartiges Hämangiom erlaubten. Diskussion. Eine Abgrenzung des büschelartigen Hämangioms gegenüber aggressiveren und malignen vaskulären Läsionen der Haut ist aufgrund des typischen histologischen Bilds möglich, während eine Differenzierung mit Hilfe bildgebender Verfahren nicht gelingt.
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  • 73
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    Der Gynäkologe 33 (2000), S. 213-219 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Qualitätssicherung ; Endoskopie ; Komplikationen ; Key words Quality control ; Endoscopy ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Due to the expanding use of laparoscopic surgery in gynecology, the necessity for evaluation of results was raised. With the intention of quality control in gynecological endoscopy, the gynecological department of the Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus in Bremen has developed, in cooperation with the Institute for Artificial Intelligence at the University of Bremen and on behalf of the German Society for Gynecological Endoscopy, the quality control program “German Gynecological Endoscopy Complication Register”. In 1997, 20 German endoscopic centers took part in the prospective observational study. A total number of 17,745 cases were reported. Altogether 20,050 endoscopic procedures were performed, 8020 hysteroscopies and 12030 laparoscopies. The complication rate for hysteroscopies amounted to 7.0‰ and that of laparoscopies to 9.6‰. The quality control program of the German Society for Gynecological Endoscopy is a unique tool, comparable to the “German Perinatology Study”. It allows to compare individual hospital profiles, an option that is necessary to gain the best possible results in terms of quality in gynecological surgery in the long term.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit dem Ziel der Qualitätsverbesserung in der gynäkologischen Endoskopie hat die Frauenklinik des Evangelischen Diakonie-Krankenhauses in Bremen im Auftrag der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Gynäkologischen Endoskopie (AGE) zusammen mit dem KI-Labor der Universität Bremen das Qualitätssicherungs-Programm “Komplikationsregister gynäkologische Endoskopie” entwickelt. Es ermöglicht dem Anwender die differenzierte Betrachtung der durchgeführten Operationen von den Indikationsstellung bis zum Therapieerfolg. Im Jahre 1997 haben 20 endoskopisch tätige Institutionen an der prospektiven Dokumentation der gynäkologisch-endoskopischen Operationen teilgenommen. Bei insgesamt 17.745 Patientinnen wurden 20.050 Eingriffe erfasst, darunter 8020 Hysteroskopien und 12.030 Laparoskopien. Die Komplikationsrate der Hysteroskopien betrug 7,0‰, die der Laparoskopien 9,6‰. Mit dem Qualitätssicherungs-Programm der AGE steht heute ein Instrument zur Verfügung, das vergleichbar der Perinatologiestudie die Daten in Form von vergleichenden Klinikprofilen liefern kann, die notwendig sind, um im Zusammenhang mit endoskopischen Operationen langfristig die bestmögliche Ergebnisqualität zu erzielen.
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  • 74
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    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Organtransplantation ; Immunsuppression ; Neurotoxizität ; ZNS-Infektionen ; Komplikationen ; Key words Organ transplantation ; Complications ; Immunosuppression ; Neurotoxicity ; CNS infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Following organ transplantation, 30–60% of patients develop neurologic complications which can be classified as pre-existing deficits due to the underlying disease, complications during surgery, metabolic encephalopathies, neurotoxicity of immunosuppressant agents, opportunistic CNS infections, and secondary malignomas as indirect side effects of immunosuppression. While encephalopathies, seizures, or CNS infection can occur in all types of transplantation, some specific neurological complications exist for different types of organ transplantation. In this review, the clinical symptoms and treatment of both the common neurological complications as well as the particular neurological syndromes after liver, heart, and bone marrow transplantation are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach Organtransplantation entwicklen 30–60% der Patienten neurologische Komplikationen, die eingeteilt werden können in vorbestehende Störungen im Rahmen der Grunderkrankung, intraoperative Komplikationen, metabolische Enzephalopathien, neurotoxische Nebenwirkungen der verschiedenen Immunsuppressiva sowie opportunistische ZNS-Infektionen und sekundäre Malignome als indirekte Folge der Immunsuppression. Differentialdiagnostisch relevant ist, dass einerseits Enzephalopathien, Anfälle oder ZNS-Infektionen bei allen Transplantationen auftreten können, andererseits für einzelne Organtransplantationen bestimmte neurologische Komplikationen typisch sind. In dieser Übersicht werden die allgemeinen neurologischen Komplikationen mit klinischen Leitsymptomen und Therapie sowie die spezifischen neurologischen Krankheitsbilder nach Leber-, Herz- und Knochenmarktransplantation vorgestellt.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Paraneoplastische zerebelläre Degeneration ; Opsoklonus-Myoklonus-Syndrom ; Limbische Enzephalitis ; Therapie ; Prognose ; Key words Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration ; Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome ; Limbic encephalitis ; Therapy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are rare diseases that occur in relation to cancer. Supporting the hypothesis of an autoimmune mechanism, specific antineuronal antibodies have sometimes been detected. The current possibilities for treatment are limited. A female patient, aged 57, suffering from a breast cancer, developed a severe paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome and limbic encephalitis within a few weeks. It is possible that the impressive partial remission that occurred during the ensuing 6 months was not due to therapy. Although the patient was still bound to a wheelchair, discharge from hospital was possible because she was still able to perform daily tasks by herself. A recurrence of the cerebellar symptoms with mild alterations of mental status occurred 2 months later but again showed a good remission.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Paraneoplastische neurologische Syndrome sind seltene Erkrankungen in Assoziation mit einem Tumor, die bei vermutetem Autoimmunmechanismus mit antineuronalen Antikörpern einhergehen können und deren Verlauf therapeutisch nur bedingt beeinflussbar ist. Berichtet wird von einer 57-jährigen Patientin mit Mammakarzinom, die in engem zeitlichen Rahmen sowohl eine schwere paraneoplastische Zerebellopathie als auch eine limbische Enzephalitis entwickelte. In unklarem Zusammenhang zur Therapie kam es innerhalb von 6 Monaten zu einer vergleichsweisen guten Rückbildung beider Syndrome, so dass zwar noch eine partielle Rollstuhlpflichtigkeit bestand, bei weitgehender Selbständigkeit aber eine Entlassung nach Hause möglich war. Ein Rezidiv 2 Monate später mit im Vordergrund stehender zerebellärer Symptomatik verlief ebenfalls günstig.
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  • 76
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    Der Unfallchirurg 103 (2000), S. 996-998 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zungenbeinfraktur ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Keywords Hyoid bone fracture ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We present a rare case of isolated hyoid bone fracture caused by direct trauma. We will describe the mechanism of injury, how to find diagnosis and our treatment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über den seltenen Fall einer isolierten Zungenbeinfraktur bei einem Jugendlichen durch ein direktes Trauma. Erörtert werden Unfallmechanismus sowie Diagnostik und Therapie.
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  • 77
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    HNO 48 (2000), S. 508-516 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stimmprothese ; Komplikationen ; Laryngektomie ; Tracheoösophageale Fistel ; Keywords Voice prosthesis ; Complications ; Total laryngectomy ; Tracheoesophageal fistula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The growing popularity of prosthetic voice restoration after total laryngectomy confronts ENT specialists with an increasing number of prosthesis-related complications. The ENT specialist should be familiar with the management of these complications in order to maintain the patients speech and social rehabilitation. In a retrospective study on 108 consecutive patients, complications were encountered in 30%. The incidence was not related to the factors age or primary vs. secondary insertion of the prosthesis. Complications consisted of formation of granulation tissue (15,7%), shunt dilatation (5,5%), loss of prosthesis (3,7%), local cellulitis (2,8%), extrusion (1,9%), ingrowth of prosthesis (1,9%) and formation of excessive scar tissue with dislocation of prosthesis (0,9%). Permanent removal of the prosthesis due to complications was necessary in 3 cases (2,8%). Therapeutic measures for the management of complications are described and evaluated. The treatment of complications was well tolerated by all patients and led to satisfying results in most cases. Our observations show that prosthetic voice rehabilitation is associated with various difficulties and complications, but that these can be handled quite easily and successfully in the majority of cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die wachsende Beliebtheit der prothetischen Stimmrehabilitation nach Laryngektomie konfrontiert den HNO-Arzt immer häufiger mit stimmprothesenbedingten Komplikationen. Als solcher sollte man daher die Komplikationen der Stimmprothesenversorgung kennen und deren Management beherrschen, um die kommunikative und soziale Rehabilitation des Patienten nicht zu gefährden. Die retrospektive Untersuchung von 108 Stimmprothesenträgern erbrachte eine Komplikationshäufigkeit von 30%. Eine Abhängigkeit der Komplikationsinzidenz vom Alter des Patienten oder vom Faktor primäre / sekundäre Protheseneinlage gab es dabei nicht. Häufigste Komplikation war die Entwicklung von Granulationsgewebe (15.7%), gefolgt von Shunterweiterung (5,5%), Prothesenverlust (3,7%), lokalen Infektionen (2,8%), Abstoßung (1,9%), eingewachsener Prothese (1,9%), narbiger Shuntwandverdickung mit Prothesendislokation (0,9%). In nur 3 Fällen (2,8%) mußte die Stimmprothese aufgrund verschiedener Komplikationen wieder entfernt werden. Die erforderlichen therapeutischen Maßnahmen waren für die Patienten wenig belastend und führten in fast allen Fällen zu befriedigenden Ergebnissen. Diese Beobachtungen zeigen, daß die prothetische Stimmrehabilitation zwar nicht ohne Komplikationen und Schwierigkeiten ist, diese jedoch in weitaus der Mehrzahl der Fälle medizinisch leicht zu beherrschen und daher zumutbar sind.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Larynxkarzinom ; Sacculus laryngis ; Therapie ; Keywords Laryngeal carcinoma ; Sacculus laryngis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The case of a 60-year-old female patient with a supraglottic larynx carcinoma (T3N2CM0) and bilateral enlargement of the laryngeal sacculus is presented. On one side, the sacculus opened atypically into the left vestibular fold. The sacculus is a physiologic part of the roof of Morgagni's ventricle, the size of which can vary greatly. These canal-like structures can be the point of origin of cysts, laryngoceles, mucoceles, and pyoceles. Laryngoceles are present in about 5% of larynx carcinomas; their cause is not precisely known. Frequently, a computer tomogram suggests the coincidence of larynx carcinoma and laryngoceles or a large laryngeal sacculus. In oral panendoscopy, these ventricular distensions are difficult to detect even using 70° rigid endoscopes. A planned supraglottic partial resection must take into account early tumor growth along the preformed canals in the preepiglottic space. In this patient, a laryngectomy was performed due to the bilateral involvement of the vocal process and the anterior commissure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird der Fall einer 60-jährigen Patientin mit einem supraglottischen Larynxkarzinoms (T3 N2c M0) und beidseitiger Vergrößerung des Sacculus laryngis vorgestellt. Einseitig mündete der Sacculus untypisch auf der linken Taschenfalte. Der Sacculus laryngis ist eine physiologische Ausstülpung des Daches des Morgagni-Ventrikels, dessen Größe sehr variieren kann. Diese gangartigen Strukturen können Ausgangsort von Zysten, Laryngozelen, Mukozelen und von Pyozelen sein. In ca 5% von Larynxkarzinomen liegen Laryngozelen vor, wobei der disponierende Faktor nicht genau bekannt ist. Oftmals ist der Verdacht der Koinzidenz von Larynxkarzinom und Laryngozele oder großem Sacculus laryngis in der Computertomographie zu stellen. In der Panendoskopie sind diese Erweiterungen der Ventrikel auch mit starren Winkeloptiken schwer zu sehen. Bei geplanter supraglottischer Teilresektion muss man an ein frühes Tumorwachstum entlang der präformierten Gänge in den präepiglottischen Raum denken. Bei der Patientin wurde bei beidseitiger Beteiligung der Processus vocales und der vorderen Kommissur eine Laryngektomie durchgeführt.
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  • 79
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    Der Urologe 39 (2000), S. 539-541 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Interstitielle Zystitis ; Blasendehnung ; Hydrodistension ; Blasentraining ; Keywords Interstitial cystitis ; Bladder distension ; Bladder training ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Although hydrodistension of the bladder is generally considered standard therapy for interstitial cystitis, scientific data are largely lacking. With the mechanism of action unknown, prospective studies non-existent and the therapeutic effect at best very short-lived, hydrodistension cannot be regarded as a therapeutic standard concept with scientifically validated efficacy. The value of behavioral therapy and bladder training is equally unclear; success can only be anticipated in the very rare subset of patients without pain.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Obwohl die Hydrodistension der Harnblase ein häufig angewendetes Konzept in der Behandlung der intestitiellen Zystitis (IC) darstellt, ist die wissenschaftliche Datenlage zur therapeutischen Blasendehnung spärlich. Bei ungeklärtem Wirkungsmechanismus, fehlenden prospektiven und kontrollierten Studien und bestenfalls kurzfristiger Effektivität kann die Hydrodistension nicht als therapeutisches Standardkonzept mit wissenschaftlich nachgewiesenem Behandlungserfolg angesehen werden und besitzt eher den Stellenwert eines Heilversuchs. Die Wertigkeit von Blasentraining oder ähnlichen Miktonsverhaltensmodifikationen bei der IC bleibt ebenfalls unklar, ein gewisser Effekt kann allenfalls für die vergleichsweise kleine Untergruppe von IC-Patienten ohne Schmerzkomponente erwartet werden.
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  • 80
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    Der Gynäkologe 33 (2000), S. 104-112 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Männliche Infertilität ; Therapie ; Medikamente ; Spermatogenese ; Oligozoospermie ; Asthenozoospermie ; Key words Male infertility ; Therapy ; Drugs ; Spermatogenesis ; Oligozoospermia ; Asthenozoospermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Causal treatment regimens of proven effectiveness in controlled studies are only available for cases of male infertility resulting from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Drug treatment of retrograde ejaculation is also effective but has so far not been tested in double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized studies. The results of immunosuppressive therapy in cases of immunological male infertility are still controversial . In addition, antiphlogistic and antibiotic treatment of chronic male genital tract infections has not been shown to improve male fertility. Inconsistent results have been obtained with empirical therapy – e.g., with kallikein, tamoxifen, clomiphene, pentoxifylline, mast cell blockers, testolacton, vitamin E, captopril, alpha receptor blockers, glutathione, indometacin, interferon alpha, growth hormone, zinc salts, ketoprofen, mesterone or testosterone undecanoate – or the studies performed are not sufficient to allow a final judgement. Recent studies have indicated a possible impairment of sperm function by pure FSH, while GnrH and FSH have no influence on spermatogenesis in normogonadotropic men.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kausale medikamentöse Therapieregime mit in kontrollierten Studien zweifelsfrei nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit stehen nur bei männlicher Infertilität als Folge des hypogonadotropen Hypogonadismus zu Verfügung. Eine medikamentöse Therapie der retrograden Ejakulation ist ebenfalls effektiv, wurde aber bisher nicht durch doppelblinde, placebokontrollierte, randomisierte Studien ü,berprü,ft. Auch immunsuppressive Therapien bei Nachweis von Spermatozoenantikörpern werden bezüglich ihrer klinischen Wirksamkeit uneinheitlich bewertet. Gleiches trifft auf die Gabe von Antibiotika bei chronisch-entzündlichen Veränderungen oder asymptomatischen Infektionen des Urogenitaltraktes zu. Im Gegensatz dazu sind die Angaben bei empirischer Therapie mit z. B. Kallikrein, Tamoxifen, Clomiphen, Pentoxifyllin, Mastzellblockern, Testolakton, Vitamin E, Captopril, α-Rezeptorenblockern, Glutathion, Indometacin, Interferon-α, Wachtumshormon, Zinksalzen, Ketoprofen, Mesterolon oder Testosteronundecanoat entweder widersprüchlich oder die vorgelegten Studien reichen für eine abschließende Bewertung noch nicht aus. Neuere Studien weisen möglicherweise auf eine Beeinflussung von Spermatozoenfunktionen durch pures FSH hin. Dahingegen haben GnRH und FSH bei normogonadotropen Männern keinen Einfluss auf die Spermatogenese.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Riesenzelltumor ; Sprunggelenk ; Differentialdiagnose ; Therapie ; Keywords Giant cell tumor ; Ankle joint ; Differentialdiagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The giant cell synovialoma is a benign neoplasia classically located in the fingers. It mostly rises from tendon sheaths, sometimes from the synovia. Other locations than the fingers are rare. Making a differential diagnosis to lipomas, gangliomas or even malignant soft tissue tumors can be very difficult especially in rare locations. We report the case of a 21 years old man suffering from a giant cell synovialoma in the area of the right ankle joint. The clinical, radiological and patho-morphological findings are documented. The tumor was excised totally, other foci were not found. The problems of making the right diagnosis are described.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei dem tenosynovialen Riesenzelltumor handelt es sich um eine benigne Neoplasie, die klassischerweise im Bereich der Finger zu finden ist. Dort geht sie in der Regel von Sehnenscheiden aus, seltener aus der Synovialis hervor. Gerade bei den seltenen und atypischen Lokalisationen kann die differentialdiagnostische Abgrenzung gegenüber Lipomen, Ganglien oder malignen Weichteiltumoren schwierig sein. Es wird über einen 21jährigen Patienten mit einem Riesenzellsynovialom im Bereich des linken Innenknöchels berichtet. Die klinischen, radiologischen und pathologisch-anatomischen Befunde werden dokumentiert. Der Tumor wurde in toto reseziert, andere Herde konnten nicht gefunden werden. Die Problematik der richtigen diagnostischen Einordnung wird dargestellt.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pertrochantäre Fraktur ; Dynamische Hüftschraube ; Instabile Frakturen ; Komplikationen ; Keywords Trochanteric fracture ; Dynamic hip screw (DHS) ; Instable fractures ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The aim of all surgical procedures in the treatment of trochanteric fractures in elderly and even geriatric patients is achievement of initial stability. We examined in a clinical trial whether primary stability was achieved in all types of trochanteric fractures following osteosynthesis with the Dynamic Hip Scres (DHS). From 1994 to 1996, 122 patients with trochanteric fractures had osteosynthesis by dynamic hip screw. Patient records were evaluated and all data got registered with a standardized protocoll; clinical and radiological outcome was analysed after an average period of 1,9 years after injury according to the Traumatic Hip Rating Score. 22% of all patients died meantimes, 51,6% of the remaining 95 patients could get examined. The average age was 75,5 years, the patient population showed an increased preoperative morbidity (2,5 points) according to ASA-Score. 81% showed progressive osteoporosis. According to the AO-classification 47% stable fractures (type A-1) and 53% instable trochanteric fractures (type A-2 and A-3) occured. Surgery lasted 77 minutes average in osteosynthesis of stable fractures. The duration of 108 minutes in instable fractures was significantly higher, as well as the blood loss was 43% increased in these complex fractures. Complications closely associated to the osteosynthesis appeared only in instable fractures (7%). Also common complications (24,6%) predominated with 15,6% in tpy A-2 and A-3 fractures versus 9% in type A-1 fractures; mortality was also different with 5,7% versus 1,6%. Assesment of the functional outcome according to THRS showed a significant deterioration of 20 points in 71% of all patients compared with the preoperative score. The results show that dynamic hip screw osteosynthesis in instable trochanteric fractures is associated to a higher incidence of complications. While the dynamic hip screw still represents the standard implant in stable fractures of the trochanteric regio, beeing aware of improved intramedullary implants regarding biomechanical features and surgical technique, the results justify to critical consider the use of DHS for osteosynthesis in instable fractures of the trochanteric region.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der operativen Versorgung petrochantärer Femurfrakturen im geriatrischen Krankengut stellt eine sofort übungs- und belastungsstabile Osteosynthese das Therapieziel dar. In einer klinischen Studie wurde vergleichend untersucht, ob dieses Ziel mit der DHS (dynamische Hüftschraube) bei allen pertrochantären Frakturtypen erreicht werden kann. Von 1994–1996 wurden 122 pertrochantäre Frakturen mit der DHS behandelt. Neben der Auswertung durch standardisierte Datenerhebungsprotokolle wurden die Patienten durchschnittlich 1,9 Jahre nach Trauma radiologisch und klinisch nach dem “Traumatic hip rating score” nachuntersucht; 22% waren verstorben, von den verbliebenen 95 Patienten konnten 51,6% nachkontrolliert werden. Bei einem Altersdurchschnitt von 75,5 Jahren lag mit dem ASA-Score von durchschnittlich 2,5 Punkten eine hohe präoperative Morbidität vor; 81% der Fälle wiesen eine fortgeschrittene Osteoporose auf. Nach der AO-Klassifikation handelte es sich um 47% stabile (Typ A1) und 53% instabile (Typ A2 und A3) Frakturen. Die mittlere Operationszeit war bei den instabilen im Vergleich zu den stabilen pertrochantären Frakturen mit 108 gegenüber 77 min signifikant höher, der Blutverlust um 43% größer. Direkt mit der Osteosynthese assoziierte Komplikationen betrafen ausschließlich instabile Frakturen (7%). Allgemeine Komplikationen (24,6%) überwogen ebenfalls mit 15,6% in der Gruppe der Typ A2 und A3 gegenüber der Typ-A1-Frakturen, was sich auch in einer entsprechend höheren Klinikletalität mit 5,7% gegenüber 1,6% ausdrückt. Bei der Bewertung des funktionellen Nachuntersuchungsergebnisses mit dem THRS wiesen 71% der Patienten im Vergleich zum präoperativen Ausgangswert eine deutliche Verschlechterung um durchschnittlich 20 Punkte auf. Die Osteosynthese instabiler pertrochantärer Femurfrakturen durch die DHS ist mit einer höheren Komplikationsrate belastet. Während die DHS für die stabilen Frakturen das Standardverfahren darstellt muss die Osteosynthese instabiler Frakturen vor dem Hintergrund neuerer, operationstechnisch und biomechanisch verbesserter intramedullärer Implantate kritisch betrachtet werden.
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  • 83
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 1072-1077 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Posthämorrhagische Ventrikelerweiterung ; Frühgeborene ; Therapie ; Keywords Posthemorrhagic ; Hydrocephalus ; Preterm ; Infant ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. 35% of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage develop ventricular dilatation. The posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation can persist, be transient or be progressive. Finally 1–2% of all very low birthweight (VLBW 〈1500 g) infants require shunt placement for the treatment of the posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Outcome. The neurodevelopmental outcome is extremely poor in children surviving progressive posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Therapy. There are no uniform guidelines for the treatment of preterm infants with progressive posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Randomised multicenter trials demonstrated, that inhibition of cerebrospinal fluid production with acetazolamide and furosemide or early cerebrospinal fluid tapping did not reduce the need for shunt placement and may worsen the outcome or can be associated with adverse side-effects. Preterm infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation should be treated by standard therapy with uniform guidelines for cerebrospinal fluid tapping and shunt placement.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund. 35% der Frühgeborenen entwickeln nach einer intraventrikulären Blutung eine Ventrikelerweiterung. Die posthämorrhagische Ventrikelerweiterung kann persistieren, transient oder progressiv sein. Letztlich entwickeln 1–2% der Frühgeborenen mit einem Geburtsgewicht 〈1500 g einen shuntpflichtigen posthämorrhagischen Hydrozephalus. Prognose. Die Prognose von Frühgeborenen mit progressiver posthämorrhagischer Ventrikelerweiterung ist hinsichtlich Mortalität und neurologischer Morbidität noch sehr ungünstig. Therapie. Bisher gibt es keine einheitlichen Therapierichtlinien für Frühgeborene mit progressiver posthämorrhagischer Ventrikelerweiterung. Multizenterstudien zeigten, dass die medikamentöse Hemmung der Liquorproduktion mit Azetazolamid und Lasix oder frühzeitige serielle Liquorpunktionen die Shuntpflichtigkeit nicht vermindern und den Verlauf und die Prognose sogar ungünstig beeinflussen. Die Erkenntnisse aus diesen Studien mahnen zur Vorsicht. Frühgeborene mit posthämorrhagischer Ventrikelerweiterung sollten außerhalb von Studien möglichst konservativ und zurückhaltend mit einheitlichen Kriterien für Liquorpunktion und Shuntimplantation behandelt werden.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wachstumshormon ; Kleinwuchs ; Therapie ; Demographie ; Pharmakoepidemiologie ; KIGS [Kabi] Pharmacia & Upjohn International Growth Study) ; Key words Growth hormone ; Short stature ; Therapy ; Demography ; Pharmaco-epidemiology ; KIGS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recombinant growth hormone (rGH) therapy in the treatment of children with short stature was introduced 10 years ago, and experience has shown that progress in implementing this mode of therapy depends increasingly on analyses of large pharmaco-epidemiological studies. These studies prove that the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency, whatever the cause or pathogenetic form, is the most frequent indication for GH therapy. The remaining problems are timely and precise diagnosis, and the best possible and individual therapy aiming at the projected height and taking safety and costs into account. We are closer to solving these problems today than ever before. Apart from this, the use of GH in treating short stature in Turner syndrome and renal insufficiency has led to its acceptance as a suitable therapy for these patients. Height improvement in a number of other growth disorders is, in certain cases, also possible through GH therapy. In the light of current experience, GH therapy can thus be attempted on a rational basis in individual cases. This form of treatment clearly holds wider possibilities and its implementation is likely to go beyond short stature in the future.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 10 Jahre nach der Einführung von rekombinantem Wachstumshormon (WH) in die Therapie kleinwüchsiger Kinder werden unsere Erfahrungen zunehmend auch durch Analyse umfangreicher pharmako-epidemiologischer Beobachtungen geprägt. Wachstumshormonmangel: Diese zeigen, daß der Wachstumshormonmangel in seinen unterschiedlichen Ursachen und pathogenetischen Erscheinungsformen nach wie vor die häufigste Indikation für WH darstellt. Die Probleme bestehen weiterhin in der rechtzeitigen und rationellen Diagnostik und in der Optimierung und Individualisierung der Therapie zum Erreichen der Wachstumsziele unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten und bei gleichzeitiger therapeutischer Sicherheit. Diese Probleme sind für den WH-Mangel heute lösbar. Weitere Indikationen: Ferner zeigt sich, daß auch der Kleinwuchs beim Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom und bei der Niereninsuffizienz, für welche WH zugelassen ist, erfolgreich behandelt werden kann. Bei einer Vielzahl anderer Wachstumsstörungen ist die Möglichkeit zur Größenverbesserung im Einzelfall gegeben. Vor dem Hintergrund heutiger Erfahrungen kann ein individueller Heilversuch so auf eine rationale Basis gestellt werden. Zukunftsperspektiven: In Zukunft wird das breite Wirkpotential von Wachstumshormon über die Indikation des Kleinwuchses hinaus ausgeschöpft werden.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 277-283 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Humerusschaftfraktur ; Intramedulläre Marknagelosteosynthese ; UHN ; Komplikationen ; Behandlungsergebnisse ; Keywords ; Fracture of the humeral diaphysis ; Humerus nail ; UHN ; Complications ; Results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: In a retrospective study, 115 fractures of the humeral diaphysis were evaluated, and 94 of the patients were treated by surgical operations. In 64 patients we used an unreamed humerus nail (UHN) to stabilize the fractures of the humerus diaphysis. All patients with an UHN were followed up. Having analysed the system-specific and general complications and the functional, subjective and radiological results we can recommend the UHN for the treatment of both fractures and pseudarthrosis of the humeral diaphysis.
    Notes: In einer retrospektiv durchgeführten Studie wurden 115 Humerusschaftfrakturen ausgewertet. Operativ wurden 94 Patienten, davon 64 mit einem unaufgebohrten Humerusnagel (UHN), versorgt. Die mit einem UHN behandelten Patienten wurden nachuntersucht. Nach Auswertung der systemspezifischen und allgemeinen Komplikationen sowie der funktionellen, subjektiven und radiologischen Ergebnisse kann der UHN sowohl zur Behandlung der frischen Humerusschaftfraktur als auch zur Versorgung von Humerusschaftpseudarthrosen empfohlen werden.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 341-343 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Tarsaltunnelsyndrom ; Ätiologie ; Trauma ; Diagnose ; Therapie ; Keywords ; Tarsal tunnel syndrome ; Aetiology ; Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: In this paper we describe the tarsal tunnel syndrome with reference to our own experience in 10 cases and the literature. Compared with the numerous injuries involving the ankle and foot, the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome is rare. In the case of a painful foot of unknown aetiology, the differential diagnosis should therefore include tarsal tunnel syndrome. Our presentation discusses the aetiology and pathology of the tarsal tunnel syndrome, and particularly that caused by trauma. We also describe an effective therapeutic approach based on surgical decompression.
    Notes: Anhand der Literatur und eigenen Erfahrungen von 10 Operationen wird das Tarsaltunnelsyndrom dargestellt. Gemessen an der Vielzahl der Traumen im Sprunggelenk- und Fersenbeinbereich wird die Diagnose selten gestellt. Bei unklaren Fußschmerzen sollte daher differenzialdiagnostisch ein Tarsaltunnelsyndrom in Erwägung gezogen werden. Es wird auf die Ätiologie, die Pathologie sowie auf den Zusammenhang zu Traumen eingegangen und die effektive Therapie durch operative Dekompression beschrieben.
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  • 87
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S180 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Humeruskopffraktur ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Keywords Fracture of the head of the humerus ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Fractures of the head of the humerus present a challenge both at the stages of diagnosis and treatment. Fortunately, 70–80% ¶of all fractures of the humeral head can be treated conservatively because they are not dislocated. When dislocation is present detailed understanding of the morphology of such fractures and purposeful application of internal fixation techniques are essential for the achievement of good shoulder function. Every step of the treatment is aimed at stability of the joint with its components as close as possible to their original anatomical positions. This can generally be managed with minimally invasive approaches and/or with the bone fragments preserved. We regard depression fractures of the humeral head (〉 45%) in active, older patients –¶who are frequently affected – as a primary indication for a shoulder replacement. Four-fragment fractures with displacement of the head fragment in an older, physically active patient can also occasionally be an indication for primary joint replacement. Both for conservatively treated and for operatively treated fractures of the humeral head a customized schedule of follow-up treatment should be applied, to avoid the precipitation of secondary frozen shoulder by too-passive behaviour. On the other hand, neither should the follow-up treatment programme lead to a secondary dislocation. For restoration of the function it is therefore absolutely essential that the trauma surgeon monitor the treatments applied.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Humeruskopffrakturen stellen eine Herausforderung an die Diagnostik und die Therapie dar. Glücklicherweise können 70–80% davon konservativ behandelt werden, da sie nicht disloziert sind. Im Fall der Dislokation sind ein differenziertes Verständnis der Frakturmorphologie und der zielgerichtete Einsatz osteosynthetischer Techniken unabdingbare Voraussetzung einer guten Schulterfunktion. Ziel jedweder Behandlungsmaßnahme ist das Erreichen einer stabilen Situation in möglichst anatomiegerechter Position. Dies kann überwiegend mit minimalinvasiven Zugängen bzw. unter Schonung der Knochenfragmente erreicht werden. Besonders im Fall der Humeruskopfimpressionsfrakturen (〉 45%) beim häufig betroffenen älteren, aktiven Patienten sehen wir eine primäre Indikation zur Schulterendoprothese. Ebenso stellen die 4-Fragment-Frakturen mit Verschiebung des Kopffragments bei älteren, biologisch aktiven Patienten eine gelegentliche Indikation zum primären Gelenkersatz dar. Sowohl für die konservativ als auch für die operativ behandelten Humeruskopffrakturen sollte ein differenziertes Nachbehandlungsschema Anwendung finden, um nicht durch zu passives Verhalten eine sekundäre Schultersteife zu initiieren. Auf der anderen Seite sollte ein Nachbehandlungsprogramm auch nicht zur sekundären Dislokation führen. Die unfallchirurgische Kontrolle der Behandlungsmaßnahmen ist daher zwingende Voraussetzung einer bestmöglichen Wiederherstellung der Funktion.
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  • 88
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S450 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychisches Trauma ; Psychische Störungen ; Versicherungsschutz ; Kausalität ; Heilverfahrenssteuerung ; Therapie ; Begutachtung ; Keywords Psychological trauma ; Psychological disorders ; Insurance cover ; Legal causality ; Case management ; Therapy ; Expert reviewing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Accident insurance agencies are confronted with an increasing number of cases in which psychological damage occurs immediately at the time of the traumatic events, or in their aftermath. This article reviews the stipulations governing insurance cover and benefits and the legal principles of causality issues in the case of psychological traumas and disorders resulting from such incidents. Insurance agencies face special challenges for case mangagement, since there are no well-established procedures for physicians and hospitals to follow in such cases. Irrespective of the often difficult causality and liability issues, immediate therapy should be given absolute priority. More attention should be paid to psychological damage, with the aims of improving methods of medical rehabilitation and establishing guidelines for expert review in such cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Unfallversicherungsträger sind mit einer zunehmenden Zahl von Fällen konfrontiert, bei denen psychische Gesundheitsschäden unmittelbar bei dem Unfallereignis auftreten oder sich nachfolgend entwickeln. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Grundsätze des Versicherungsschutzes und Kausalitätsfragen bei psychischen Traumen und psychischen Störungen als Folge eines Versicherungsfalls. Für die Unfallversicherungsträger ergeben sich besondere Anforderungen an die Steuerung des Heilverfahrens, da nicht auf das für organische Verletzungen etablierte System besonderer Heilverfahrensarten, wie z. B. das Durchgangsarztverfahren, zurückgegriffen werden kann. Unter allen Umständen hat die Therapie unbedingten Vorrang, unabhängig von der kausalrechtlichen Fragestellung nach dem zuständigen Leistungsträger. Psychischen Gesundheitsschäden ist vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken mit dem Ziel, geeignete Maßnahmen der medizinischen Rehabilitation weiterzuentwickeln und Konventionen für die Begutachtung zu schaffen.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S81 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Arthroskopie ; Ellbogengelenk ; Trauma ; Minimalinvasive Osteosynthese ; KomplikationenArthroscopy ; Elbow joint ; Injury ; Osteosynthesis ; Complications ; Key words ; Arthroskopie ; Ellbogengelenk ; Trauma ; Minimalinvasive Osteosynthese ; KomplikationenArthroscopy ; Elbow joint ; Injury ; Osteosynthesis ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Elbow arthroscopy, unlike arthroscopy of the knee or shoulder, is technically a very demanding procedure that is associated with a high risk of complications owing to the surrouding neurovascular structures. In the case of trauma the arthroscopic approach is even more difficult because of the altered anatomy. In addition, the time available for the performance of any surgical procedures is very much limited by the immediate onset of periarticular swelling with fluid loss caused by the damage to the joint capsule that is present in most cases. Arthroscopy of the elbow should not therefore be considered to be indicated in acute trauma except in isolated cases and after very careful consideration of the risks and benefits for the patient. This procedure cannot be generally recommended as a standard method of examining or treating freshly sustained injuries.On the other hand, elbow arthroscopy can be very helpful in the case of posttraumatic functional deficiencies or such pathologic findings as loose bodies after osteochondral fractures, adhesions and intraarticular scars, while little or no improvement can be expected for vague joint symptoms or posttraumatic arthrosis. As there is a relatively high risk of neurological complications the patient needs to be given quite comprehensive information in an intensive preoperative session. Diagnostic arthroscopy is hardly ever indicated in a trauma case because of the excellent results yielded by modern noninvasive imaging methods, such as ultrasound, X-ray, computed tomography and MRI.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Gegensatz zur Arthroskopie des Knie- oder Schultergelenks ist die Arthroskopie des Ellbogengelenks mit erheblichen technischen Schwierigkeiten und entsprechend hohen Komplikationsrisiken verbunden. Beim Trauma ist die Arthroskopie zudem aufgrund der veränderten anatomischen Verhältnisse noch weit komplizierter. Die Operationszeit ist wegen der rasch auftretenden periartikulären Schwellung infolge der meist bestehenden Gelenkkapselläsionen deutlich limitiert. Die Indikation zur Arthroskopie sollte daher nur im Einzelfall unter sorgfältiger Abwägung der Risiken und der zu erwartenden Vorteile gestellt werden. Eine generelle Empfehlung für dieses Verfahren bei frischen Verletzungen kann nicht ausgesprochen werden. Sinnvoll ist der Einsatz dagegen bei einigen posttraumatischen Veränderungen, z. B. freien Gelenkkörpern nach osteochondralen Frakturen oder Arthrolysen bei intraartikulären Vernarbungen, während bei „unklaren Gelenkbeschwerden“ oder posttraumatischer Arthrose kaum Verbesserungen zu erwarten sind. Wegen des relativ hohen Risikos neurologischer Komplikationen ist eine intensive präoperative Aufklärung der Patienten erforderlich. Eine diagnostische Arthroskopie beim Trauma ist bei der Aussagekraft der modernen nichtinvasiven Untersuchungsverfahren kaum noch angezeigt.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S194 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fraktur ; Luxation ; Radiusköpfchen ; Olekranon ; Processus coronoideus ; Behandlung ; Keywords Fracture ; Dislocation ; Radial head ; Olecranon ; Coronoid process ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Because of its central location, the elbow joint is considered the most important joint within the upper extremity from the viewpoint of function. Trauma to osseous and ligamentous structures of the proximal forearm confronts trauma surgeons and orthopedic specialists with numerous diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Conditions following elbow trauma are often accompanied by chronic pain and diminished range of motion, leading to functional deficits of the entire arm. There is now practically no doubt that primary osteosynthesis, anatomical joint reconstruction and early onset of functional treatment are essential for a good ¶final outcome. With our expanding knowledge of the anatomical and biomechanical condtions in the proximal lower arm in the last few decades the basic principles of therapy have also changed, and current standards of treatment for proximal forearm trauma are presented in this paper with reference to the relevant literature.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ellbogengelenk ist aufgrund seiner zentralen Lage aus funktionellen Gesichtspunkten als das bedeutendste Gelenk der oberen Extremität anzusehen. Knöcherne und ligamentäre Verletzungen im Bereich des proximalen Unterarms konfrontieren den behandelnden Arzt mit einer Anzahl von diagnostischen und therapeutischen Problemen. Posttraumatische Zustände am Ellbogengelenk, die mit chronischer Schmerzsymtomatik und Bewegungseinschränkungen einhergehen, mindern zwangsläufig die Gebrauchsfähigkeit des gesamten Arms. Es besteht heute kaum noch ein Zweifel daran, dass in der Mehrzahl der Fälle eine primäre definitive osteosynthetische Versorgung mit exakter Rekonstruktion der Gelenkfläche für ein befriedigendes Resultat ebenso unverzichtbar ist wie ein frühzeitiger Beginn physiotherapeutischer Übungsmaßnahmen. Mit zunehmendem Verständnis der anatomischen und biomechanischen Besonderheiten des proximalen Unterarms vollzog sich in den letzten Dekaden ein entscheidender Wandel der therapeutischen Grundsätze, deren aktueller Stand in der vorliegenden Arbeit unter Berücksichtigung der relevanten Literatur vorgestellt wird.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 39-45 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Beckenringfrakturen ; Klassifikation ; Behandlungsverfahren ; Komplikationen ; Ergebnisse ; Keywords ; Pelvic ring fractures ; Classification ; Treatment ; Complications ; Results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Injuries of the pelvis are caused by high-energy trauma, and concomitant injuries are therefore often found. Many patients with such pelvic injuries have multiple injuries. Accurate diagnosis and classification are both fundamental to adequate therapy. Especially in the presence of complex pelvic trauma and in polytraumatised patients priority-oriented and fast procedures are essential. Type B and C instabilities require operative treatment. In emergency cases with unstable pelvic fractures external fixation has proved successful. For definitive treatment with internal stabilisation different internal fixation procedures with screws and plates selected with reference to the features of the injury are needed. The operative stabilisation of the pelvic ring demands particular care, because various main vessels and nerves are adjacent to the injury site. Ultimately, the results of treatment depend heavily on the quality of anatomical restoration of the pelvic ring.
    Notes: Beckenverletzungen entstehen aufgrund hoher lokaler Gewalteinwirkung und sind deswegen häufig mit Begleitverletzungen kombiniert. Bei vielen beckenverletzten Patienten liegt ein Polytrauma vor. Grundlage einer adäquaten Therapie von Verletzungen des Beckenrings sind eine exakte Diagnostik und Klassifikation. Vor allem beim komplexen Beckentrauma und beim Vorliegen eines Polytraumas ist ein rasches und an Prioritäten orientiertes Vorgehen entscheidend. Instabilitäten vom Typ B und C erfordern eine operative Stabilisierung. Dabei steht in der Notfallbehandlung des instabilen Beckenrings die externe Stabilisierung im Vordergrund. Beim Übergang auf interne Fixationsverfahren haben sich abhängig von der Verletzungsmorphologie verschiedene Schrauben- und Plattenmontagen bewährt. Die operative Stabilisierung des Beckenrings erfordert wegen der engen Nachbarschaft zu verschiedenen Gefäß- und Nervenbahnen besondere Sorgfalt. Das Endergebnis hängt dabei ganz wesentlich davon ab, wie gut die Wiederherstellung der anatomischen Form des Beckenrings gelungen ist.
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    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. 162-166 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Thorakolumbale Frakturen ; Transpedikuläre Spondylodese ; Spongiosaplastik ; Komplikationen ; Keywords ; Thoracolumbar fractures ; Transpedicular spondylodesis ; Bone grafting ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Spinal fractures are located predominantly at the thoracolumbar junction. After conservative treatment, for unstable fractures operative procedures were established during the last 20 years. Using implants with angular stability, dorsal transpedicular fixation yields good clinical results even compared with those of combined dorsoventral procedures. Transpedicular bone grafting is controversial as resorption frequently occurs; it has given disappointing results in fracture types in which definitive segmental fusion is unavoidable, so that combined dorso-ventral stabilization is necessary in such cases. The most frequent complications of dorsal instrumentation are the result of badly positioned transpedicular screws.
    Notes: Die Verletzungen des thorakolumbalen Übergangs stellen die Mehrzahl der Frakturen der Wirbelsäule dar. Nach der konservativen Therapie hat sich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten die operative Versorgung instabiler Frakturen etabliert. Die dorsale transpedikuläre Spondylodese unter Verwendung winkelstabiler Implantate stellt ein Verfahren dar, mit dem sich auch im Vergleich zu aufwändigen dorsoventralen Rekonstruktionen bei den meisten Frakturen gute klinische Resultate erzielen lassen. Der additionellen transpedikulären intrakorporalen Spongiosaplastik wird aufgrund der zu beobachtenden Resorption des Transplantats zunehmend geringere Bedeutung beigemessen. Auch bei Frakturtypen, bei denen eine definitive Fusion angestrebt werden sollte, hat die transpedikuläre interkorporale Knochentransplantation enttäuscht, sodass in derartigen Fällen nach primärer dorsaler Stabilisierung sekundär die Fusion von ventral erfolgen sollte. Die häufigsten Komplikationen bei der dorsalen transpedikulären Spondylodese sind auf Fehllagen der transpedikulären Schrauben zurückzuführen.
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    International journal of legal medicine 113 (2000), S. 70-75 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Brain injury ; Cortical contusion ; GFAP ¶expression ; Immunohistochemistry ; Wound age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The course of GFAP expression by astrocytes has been immunohistochemically investigated during the first 30 weeks after human brain injury. In order to provide reliable data for a forensic wound age estimation, a quantitative morphometric analysis was performed considering the different topographic regions of the cortex as well as of the white matter. Compared to the GFAP immunoreactivity in unaltered control tissue, significantly increased numbers of GFAP positive astroglial cells could be detected adjacent to the cortical contusion from 1 day up to 4 weeks after brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Ganglion cells ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mean optical density (MOD) ; Morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the topography of morphine distribution in the human brain, a method has been developed to detect morphine immunohistochemically. In this study hippocampus tissue from victims of heroin overdose (blood morphine concentrations 220 ng/g–1500 ng/g; 6-MAM positive urine sample), known for its high concentration of μ-opiate receptors was used. The immunohistochemical staining was performed with an anti-morphine antiserum originally developed for radio-immuno-assays. In comparison with control specimens from cases of sudden death without morphine exposition or a history of heroin abuse, the brains from victims of heroin overdose showed selectively stained ganglion cells, axons and dendrites, suggesting a massive concentration of morphine in the neuronal structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ; Ischemia reperfusion injury ; Heart ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is considered to be activated by stress, but the role of the MAPK family is still unknown in cardiac pathology. In the present study, not only the localization of MAPKs such as the extracellular responsive kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK (p38), but also ultrastructural changes were investigated in the ischemia-reperfusion model of Wistar rats. At 5, 10, 30, 60, and 180 min reperfusion after 30 min ischemia by occluding the coronary artery, the expression of these MAPKs was increased in blood vessels and cardiomyocytes by Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods. In addition, after ischemia reperfusion, various ultrastructural changes such as decreased glycogen granules, mitochondrial swelling, and myolysis were observed in the blood vessels and cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that protein kinases may regulate numerous biological processes, including the regulation of contraction and ion transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Gonadotroph adenoma ; FSH ; Childhood ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Female gonadotroph adenomas with endocrinological symptoms are uncommon. Six cases of such adenomas have been reported in the literature: two were girls who presented with precocious puberty and four were premenopausal women with accompanying multiple ovarian cysts. We describe here a 10-year-old Japanese girl with a gonadotroph macroadenoma and present detailed morphological findings of the tumor. The patient's chief complaints were nausea, abdominal distention, and abdominal pain. Abdominopelvic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral multiple ovarian cysts. Endocrinological assays showed elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (33.7 mIU/ml) and estradiol (3840 pg/ml). MRI of the head showed a large pituitary tumor. Two transsphenoidal operations and subsequent radiation therapy were performed. Immunohistochemically, more than half the tumor cells were positive for anti-FSH-β monoclonal antibody. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells exhibited a fairly uniform picture of rounded cells. Their nuclei were slightly irregular and contained heterochromatin, and their cytoplasm contained many round, dense core granules, measuring 140–260 nm in diameter, together with well-developed organelles. An in vitro study showed that the tumor cells in primary culture produced FSH (1089.0 mIU/ml). To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of an FSH-secreting gonadotroph adenoma occurring in childhood.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Minimal change nephrotic syndrome ; α-Smooth muscle actin ; Vimentin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) occasionally show frequent relapses with proteinuria after cessation of steroid treatment, even though no significant pathological abnormalities are found in the glomeruli, compared with those in nonrelapsed and good-prognosis cases of MCNS. To resolve this contradiction, we immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally examined a biopsied renal tissue of a patient who showed glomerular features of MCNS and frequent clinical relapses. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the overexpression of α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and vimentin in glomerular mesangial cells despite no mesangial cell proliferation, compared with nine nonrelapsed cases of MCNS. These facts may be an important clue to the investigation of the pathogenesis of steroid-dependent MCNS with frequent relapses. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical examination of ASMA and vimentin may be useful to detect mesangial myofibroblastic transformation that is not demonstrated in conventional light microscopy and immunofluorescence study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 4 (2000), S. 273-280 
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key words Chemokine ; Chemokine receptor ; Kidney ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence of leukocytes in the diseased kidneys is a hallmark of almost any kind of renal disease. Activated leukocytes are implicated in playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. Recent investigations of the pathophysiological roles of chemokines and their cognate receptors have shed light on the detailed molecular mechanisms of leukocyte trafficking and activation in the diseased kidneys. This study summarizes findings that: (1) chemokine/chemokine receptor systems may be essentially involved in the pathogenesis of phase-specific renal disorders, (2) the measurement of urinary levels of chemokines may be clinically useful for monitoring different disease phases and activities in human renal diseases, and (3) interventions in chemokine/chemokine receptor systems may have potential as particular immunotherapeutic strategies to combat specific phases of renal diseases. Further investigations of anti-chemokine therapies for renal diseases will be required before clinical application is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 16 (2000), S. 282-284 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Desmin ; Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fetus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recent reports indicate that extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton plasmalemmal elements are altered in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). Desmin is a cytoskeletal protein that is important for the organization and function of muscular fibers. It has been found to be increased in the smooth muscle in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and in skeletal muscle in some forms of myopathies as well as in unexplained hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of desmin in IHPS. Full-thickness muscle-biopsy specimens were obtained from 8 IHPS patients (age range 23 to 41 days) at pyloromyotomy, from 8 age-matched controls without evidence of gastrointestinal (GI) disease at autopsy, and from 2 stillborns who died at 27 and 30 weeks of gestation without evidence of GI disease. Indirect immunohistochemistry was performed using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method with anti-desmin and visualized by development with 3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride. Pyloric muscle in IHPS demonstrated strong desmin immunoreactivity. The expression of desmin was also strong in the muscular layers of fetal pylorus. In the age-matched controls absent or weak desmin immunoreactivity was seen in the pyloric muscle layer. The increased amount of desmin in hypertrophied pyloric muscle in IHPS may result in inco-ordination of contraction and relaxation of the pylorus, thus causing motility dysfunction. The similar pattern of desmin expression in IHPS and fetal pylorus suggests that the organization of intermediate filaments in IHPS is in a fetal stage of development.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 16 (2000), S. 285-292 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry ; Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study systematically investigated the expression and distribution of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II in the rat. About 150 native tissue probes from eight adult Lewis rats were taken, representative for most organs, tissues, and the vascular system. MHC expression was analyzed by two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) generated against the non-polymorphic determinants of rat MHC class I (Ox-18) and class II (Ox-6). Immunoreactivities were compared to those of different endothelial (HIS52, TLD-3A12, Ox-43, REHA-1 antigen), histiocytic (ED1, ED2), B-cell (RLN-9D3), and T-cell (MRC Ox-52) markers. A nonspecific mAb (MR12/53) served as a negative control. Pretested concentrations on various tissues and the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique allowed semiquantitative evaluation of serial cryostat tissue sections. MHC class I expression was detected on most immunocompetent cells. Endothelial cells were stained heterogeneously along the vascular system and the organ-specific microcirculation. Furthermore, some organs showed staining of parenchymal cells. MHC class II was found on all immunocompetent cells positive for the B-cell marker and about 15% of cells positive for the histiocytic markers. Besides the well-known expression of MHC class II in the outer zone of the renal proximal tubule, further organ-specific cell forms were found positive. In conclusion, the present study outlines tissue-specific distribution of MHC I/II and implies that each organ carries a variable immunologic burden that needs to be considered for any transplantation model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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