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  • 2000-2004  (338)
  • 1920-1924
  • Key words  (182)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (158)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Dorsal horn ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiologic anatomy ; Dorsal root entry zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spinal dorsal horn is known for its important functional role in the field of transmission and modulation of sensory afferents. Because of this, the dorsal horn represents a target for numerous analgesic and antispastic procedures. Thus, it would be interesting to develop imaging dedicated to this spinal structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiologic anatomy of the cervical dorsal horn by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1.5T). The first step consisted in the validation of the anatomic information provided by MRI on 5 human cadavers. A spin-echo sequence (T2, 2000/45) enabled the demonstration of good correlations between histologic sections and axial MRI slices performed at the corresponding cervical levels. The second step was the 〈〈in vivo〈〈 exploration of 20 subjects, aiming at the development of a gradient echo sequence (T2*) with a conventional MRI unit, compatible with a routine clinical examination. The dorsal horn was clearly identified in 77% of the axial slices performed (n = 300). The angle between the dorsal horn axis and the sagittal plane was measured as from 25.5˚ at C2 to 40˚ at C8 segments. The results of this anatomico-radiologic study of the cervical dorsal horn suggest that preoperative MRI could be useful to design the surgical approach to this structure, as performed during cervical microsurgical drezotomy (DREZ = dorsal root entry zone) for the treatment of selected cases of chronic pain or disabling spasticity in the upper limbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 22 (2000), S. 181-190 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Masseter muscle ; Architecture ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors carried out an anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging study of the architecture of the elevator muscles of the mandible in 169 cadavers. The aim of this study was to define the architectural organization of the human masseter muscle, temporalis and pterygoid muscles. Layered dissections and anatomic sections in different spatial planes showed that the masseter muscle exhibited a typical pennate structure consisting of a succession of alternating musculoaponeurotic layers. The muscle had three well-differentiated parts the superficial, intermediate and deep masseter muscles. The same pattern was constantly found 1) for the superficial masseter, two alternate musculoaponeurotic layers oriented at 60∘ in relation to the plane of occlusion, 2) for the intermediate masseter, a single musculo-aponeurotic layer oriented at 90∘ in relation to the occlusal plane, 3) for the deep masseter, three musculoaponeurotic layers whose general orientation was at 90∘ for the bounding layers and 110∘ for the intermediate layer. The MRI study confirmed the reality of this architectural arrangement.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Schmerzgedächtnis ; Akuter postoperativer Schmerz ; Key words ; Pain memory ; Acute postoperative pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectiles: Clinicians use patients’ recall of pain as an important source of evidence both in diagnosis and in assessing improvements following treatment. Yet very little is known about the accuracy of these retrospective accounts up to now. Methods: We examined patients’ retrospective evaluations of the pain they experienced at the first postoperative day and related these evaluations to the pain intensity which was recorded in the PCA-report. Results: We found that recall was moderately accurate. Patients mostly overestimated their pain intensity. We could demonstrate that patients who overestimated their pain differed significantly from those who did not. The patients who overestimated showed no significant pain relief over the first three postoperative days. Other influences were the pain intensity of the third day and patients’ expectations of the postoperative pain intensity. Our results could be embedded within the theoretical framework of general memory research. Conclusions: We conclude that real-time evaluations of pain intensity should be recorded additionally to retrospective accounts. Retrospective ratings are important too, because we suggest that the memory of pain more than the experience of pain itself form the basis of patients’ future decisions about treatment including their compliance and their satisfaction with pain management.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Retrospektive Schmerzeinstufungen durch den Patienten werden sehr häufig verwendet. Dennoch ist bislang nur sehr wenig bekannt, wie diese Einschätzungen zustande kommen und wie sie mit dem unmittelbaren Schmerzerleben zusammenhängen. Wir haben die Übereinstimmung zwischen den retrospektiven Schmerzeinstufungen von 67 Patienten, die postoperativ eine PCA-Pumpe zur Schmerzlinderung erhalten hatten, mit den Aufzeichnungen des PCA-Protokolls verglichen und fanden in Übereinstimmung mit anderen Forschungsergebnissen eine geringe Übereinstimmung. Es bestand insgesamt eine Tendenz zur Schmerzüberschätzung. Dies traf jedoch nicht auf alle Patienten zu. Eine genauere Analyse der Patienten, die ihre Schmerzen deutlich überschätzt hatten (〉 dem Median der Differenzen der Gesamtstichprobe) und denen, die dies nicht getan hatten, zeigte, dass der Schmerzverlauf für beide Gruppen unterschiedlich gewesen war. Patienten, die ihre Schmerzen überschätzten, hatten in den ersten drei Tagen keine signifikante Schmerzreduktion gegenüber dem ersten postoperativen Tag erfahren. Weitere Einflussfaktoren auf die retrospektive Schmerzeinstufung waren die Schmerzstärke des dritten postoperativen Tages und die Schmerzerwartungen, die der Patient hatte. Die Ergebnisse konnten in die Befunde der allgemeinen Gedächtnisforschung integriert werden. Neben retrospektiven Beurteilungen sollte daher nach Möglichkeit auch die aktuelle Schmerzbeurteilung des Patienten erfasst werden. Da jedoch gerade die retrospektive Einschätzung, d. h. die Erinnerung an den Schmerz vermutlich die Entscheidungen von Patienten beeinflusst und eher als Indikator für die Zufriedenheit des Patienten mit der Schmerztherapie zu werten ist, behält die retrospektive Einschätzung weiterhin ihre Berechtigung im Rahmen der Evaluation schmerztherapeutischer Massnahmen.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Präanalytische Fehlerquellen ; Arterielle Blutgasanalyse ; AaDO2 ; Key words ; Pre-analytical errors ; Arterial blood-gas-analysis ; AaDO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectives: The paO2 and AaDO2 are routinely measured for evaluating pulmonary gas exchange. The normal value of the AaDO2 amounts 10 mmHg when breathing atmospheric air and is said to increase with rising FIO2. This increase is discussed controversially. One possible reason for incongruities in AaDO2 measurement may be the impact of so called preanalytical errors during paO2 measurement, which are often neglected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of preanalytical errors on the AaDO2 under hyperoxic conditions. Methods: Arterial blood gas analysis was performed on twenty patients without known pulmonary disease after tracheal intubation and 30 min of ventilation with pure oxygen. All preanalytical paO2 errors (sam- pling technique, transport and storage of samples, aspirated air bubbles) were assessed and all paO2 measurements were corrected by applying respective predetermined correction factors. Calculation of the AaDO2 was performed with corrected and uncorrected paO2 values. Results: The average amount of the AaDO2 under ventilation with FIO2=1.0 was 118.9±41.1 mmHg, calculated from uncorrected paO2 values, and 13.4±7.5 mmHg calculated from paO2 values corrected for preanalytical errors, respectively. Conclusion: The present results show that the assumption of an increasing AaDO2 with rising FIO2 is questionable. It could be proved that neglecting preanalytical paO2 errors leads to a significant overestimation of the AaDO2. The consequence would be a misinterpretation of the patient’s condition in relation to a reduced pulmonary gas exchange, which should in fact be attributed solely to the preanalytical errors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Sowohl der paO2 als auch die AaDO2 werden als Standardverfahren für die Beurteilung des pulmonalen Gasaustauschs herangezogen. Als „Normalwert” der AaDO2 unter Raumluftatmung werden in der Literatur übereinstimmend Werte um 10 mmHg angegeben. Kontrovers sind die Angaben jedoch für die reine O2-Beatmung, vermutlich weil die Existenz unvermeidlicher präanalytischer Fehler bei der Bestimmung des paO2 bislang nicht beachtet wurde. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, die Auswirkungen präanalytischer Fehler bei der Bestimmung des paO2 auf die Größe der AaDO2 und damit auf deren Aussagekraft zu untersuchen. Methodik: 20 lungengesunde Patienten wurden nach endotrachealer Intubation für 30 min mit reinem O2 beatmet. Anschließend wurden arterielle Blutgasanalysen durchgeführt, und präanalytische Fehler (Art der Probenentnahme, Art der Probenlagerung, Aspiration von Luftblasen) anhand vorbestehender Korrekturfaktoren nachträglich korrigiert. Die entsprechende AaDO2 wurde dann sowohl „korrigiert” als auch „unkorrigiert” berechnet. Ergebnisse: Die AaDO2 betrug ohne Berücksichtigung der präanalytischen Fehler im Mittel 118,9±41,1 mmHg. Nach Korrektur der präanalytischen Fehler betrug sie im Mittel jedoch nur noch 13,4±7,5 mmHg. Schlußfolgerung: Nach vorliegenden Ergebnissen entspricht die Größe der AaDO2 unter reiner O2-Beatmung beim lungengesunden Patienten derjenigen unter Raumluftatmung. Die Differenz zur „unkorrigierten” AaDO2 von vorliegend 105,5 mmHg geht offensichtlich zu Lasten der präanalytischen Fehler. Wird die AaDO2 zur Beurteilung des Patientenzustands herangezogen, so müssen präanalytische Fehler beachtet und korrigiert werden. Anderenfalls würde die Interpretation einer fälschlicherweise zu hoch errechneten AaDO2 hinsichtlich der Lungenfunktion (z.B. Zunahme venöser Beimischung) lediglich auf präanalytischen Fehlern basieren.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 34-42 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Erworbene Hemmkörperhämophilie ; spontane Faktor-VIII-Inhibitoren ; spontane Faktor-IX-Inhibitoren ; Diagnose ; Therapie ; Key words ; Acquired haemophilia ; Spontaneous factor VIII inhibitors ; Spontaneous factor IX inhibitors ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Although autoantibodies against factor VIII or factor IX are a rare phenomenon, they are associated with a high risk of bleeding and high mortality. The condition, termed ac- quired haemophilia, occurs equally in both sexes and is most frequent in higher age groups. Patients typically present with severe bleedings in muscles and skin. In contrast to patients with congenital haemophilia and inhibitors, joint bleedings are very rare. In approximately half of all cases an associated disease state can be identified as the cause of autoantibody formation. An immediate and comprehensive diagnosis is essential for a rapid initiation of therapy. Equally important are a careful diagnostic differentiation between congenital and acquired factor deficiencies and the exclusion of non-specific inhibitors, which increase the occurrence of thrombolic events. The inhibitor titre, quantified using the Bethesda assay, is an important criterion for selecting the appropriate therapy. A wide range of treatment options is now available for the management of bleedings in patients with acquired haemophilia, namely porcine factor VIII, recombinant factor VIIa, prothrombin complex concentrates, and immunoadsorptions. In addition, immunosuppressive therapies are used to achieve permanent reduction or elimination of inhibitors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Autoantikörper gegen Faktor VIII oder Faktor IX sind ein zwar seltenes, aber mit hohem Blutungsrisiko und hoher Letalität verbundenes Phänomen. Diese als erworbene Hemmkörperhämophilie bezeichnete Erkrankung kommt bei beiden Geschlechtern gleich häufig vor und tritt gehäuft im hohen Lebensalter auf. Die Patienten fallen klinisch v. a. durch schwere Blutungen in Muskeln und Haut auf, wogegen Gelenkeinblutungen – im Gegensatz zur angeborenen Hämophilie mit Hemmkörpern – sehr selten auftreten. In etwa der Hälfte der Fälle kann eine assoziierte Grunderkrankung als Auslöser der Autoantikörperbildung identifiziert werden. Eine rasche und umfassende Diagnostik ist entscheidend für einen schnellen Therapiebeginn. Ebenso bedeutend ist eine sorgfältige differentialdiagnostische Abgrenzung gegen einen angeborenen oder erworbenen Faktorenmangel sowie der Ausschluß unspezifischer Inhibitoren, die vermehrt zu Thrombosen führen können. Wichtig für die Auswahl der geeigneten Therapieform ist der Inhibitortiter, gemessen im Bethesda-Assay. Für die Blutstillungstherapie steht heute mit porcinem Faktor VIII, rekombinantem Faktor VIIa, Prothrombinkomplexpräparaten und Immunadsorptionen ein breites Spektrum an Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Für eine dauerhafte Reduktion bzw. Elimination der Autoantikörper finden immunsuppressive Therapien Anwendung.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 65-73 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Kosteneffektivität ; Zertifizierung ; ISO 9001 ; EFQM ; Key words ; Quality management ; Cost effectiveness ; Certification ; ISO 9001 ; EFQM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Quality of care and costs are getting closer together. Whereas costs and quality management did not play a substantial role 30 years ago, the consumption of resources nowadays is part of the outcome of quality of care. The definition of quality must be seen in the dimensions of structure, process and result. Resulting from newly developed clinical practice, guidelines are planned as instruments for cost containment in near future. Those guidelines may end up in a quality management system. The most wellknown european basic of such a quality management system are the DIN EN ISO 9000 f and the EFQM. The ISO 9001 and the European Quality Award became the most common base of evaluation for certification of quality management systems in Organisations europeanwide. Whereas the ISO 9001 does not give any information about the real achieved quality, the European Quality Award reflects the process. Guidelines are necessary to prove the cost effectiveness of measures of quality control and quality assurance since too much quality control and assurance may result in increased overall consumption of resources, leading to a reduction in the quality of care when ensuring that the overall budget is covered.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Versorgungsqualität und Kosten rücken immer näher zusammen. Während noch vor 30 Jahren weder die Kostenfrage noch ein Qualitätsmanagement eine Rolle spielten, ist inzwischen der Ressourcenverbrauch sogar zu einem Bestandteil der Ergebnisqualität geworden. Der Qualitätsbegriff wird in seinen Dimensionen Struktur-, Prozeß- und Ergebnisqualität beleuchtet. Hieraus abgeleitete Empfehlungen und Leitlinien für die ärztliche Versorgung sollen in Zukunft als Instrumente zur Kostensenkung eingesetzt werden. Diese können in Qualitätsmanagementsystemen münden, deren bekannteste Grundlage derzeit die DIN EN ISO 9000 f. darstellt. Die ISO 9001 sowie die Selbstbewertung nach EFQM haben sich europaweit als Prüfungsgrundlage für die Zertifizierung von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen in Organisationen durchgesetzt. Organisationen können ganze Kliniken oder einzelne Abteilungen wie die Anästhesie sein. Dabei werden in 20 Kapiteln der ISO 9001 organisatorische Verfahren beschrieben, die innerhalb der Organisation die Aufrechterhaltung eines bestimmten Qualitätsniveaus sicherstellen sollen. Im EFQM-Modell steht die Prozeßbeherrschung im Vordergrund, die zugrundegelegten Kriterien gliedern sich in Befähiger- und Ergebniskriterien. Der Nachweis der Kosteneffektivität von Qualitätskontroll- und -sicherungsmaßnahmen ist wichtig, denn ein Zuviel an Qualitätskontrolle und -sicherung läßt den Ressourcenverbrauch zusätzlich ansteigen. Dies führt bei einem gedeckelten Gesamtbudget zu einer Senkung der Versorgungsqualität.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 2-8 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Schlaganfall ; Thrombolyse ; Intrakranieller Druck ; Stroke unit ; Key words ; Stroke ; Thrombolysis ; Intracranial pressure ; Stroke unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Stroke is an emergency. Treatment must begin as soon as possible because significant sustained neurological improvement has been demonstrated when thrombolytic treatment, mainly with recombined tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is initiated within the first hours of stroke onset. On the other hand in the acute phase of stroke it is critical that patients get adequate management for the prevention of early complications. Management of the acute phase of stroke is the target of this article. Preclinically started treatment must be continued in the neurological emergency unit. Clinical examination is followed by technical investigations: cerebral computertomography (CCT) is the most useful radiological investigation in the acute phase. It allows to distinguish between ischemia and hemorrhagic lesions and also to rule out nonstroke brain conditions. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) may provide data on viable versus irreversibly damaged tissue. Sufficient stroke treatment is based on well managed in-hospital infrastructure. Thrombolysis is the only causative treatment of stroke in selected patients. Complications of acute stroke comprise changes of blood pressure with hemodynamically relevant effects on cerebral perfusion pressure, acute post- ischemic brain edema, and intracerebral bleedings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der akute Schlaganfall stellt einen Notfall dar. Zum einen, weil das funktionelle Ergebnis durch eine frühe Thrombolysetherapie signifikant verbessert wird. Zum anderen, weil beim akuten Schlaganfall eine frühzeitige Behandlung von Komplikationen die Prognose positiv beeinflußt. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Artikels liegt auf der Behandlung der akuten zerebralen Ischämie. Die Primärversorgung eines Schlaganfallpatienten bei Aufnahme in die Klinik besteht zunächst in der Fortführung der bereits präklinisch begonnenen Basisversorgung. Parallel zur klinisch-neurologischen Evaluation erfolgt die Durchführung technischer Untersuchungen. Mit der zerebralen Computertomographie (cCT) kann zwischen zerebraler Ischämie und intrazerebraler Blutung unterschieden und andere Ursachen können ausgeschlossen werden. Mit der multimodalen Magnetresonanztomographie (mMRT) kann zwischen reversibel und irreversibel geschädigtem Hirngewebe unterschieden werden. Eine weitere Voraussetzung für eine suffiziente Schlaganfalltherapie ist eine optimal aufeinander abgestimmte innerklinische Infrastruktur. Als spezielles therapeutisches Verfahren steht heute die Thrombolysetherapie für selektierte Patienten zur Verfügung. Zu den Komplikationen des akuten Schlaganfalls gehören hämodynamisch wirksame Blutdruckschwankungen, die Entwicklung eines akuten postischämischen Hirnödems und intrazerebrale Blutungen.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Periduralanalgesie ; Patientenkontrollierte Analgesie ; Postoperative Schmerztherapie ; Key words ; Epidural analgesia ; Patient-controlled analgesia ; Postoperative pain treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectives: Continuous epidural analgesia (EA) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCA) are widely used for postoperative pain control. Studies indicate that both analgesic regimens provide good analgesia after major surgery. However, because of the following reasons it is still unclear whether one of the two modes of application is superior. First, there are conflicting data regarding the differences in pain relief and drug use between epidural and intravenous administration of opioids. Second, in many studies epidural analgesia is performed by a combination of local anaesthetics and opioids. Third, reduced morbidity was observed only in some of the studies, in which epidural analgesia provided better pain relief than systemic opioid supply. Despite these conflicting results, EA with local anaesthetics and fentanyl as well as PCA with piritramid, a highly potent μ-agonist, are routinely used in Germany. The purpose of this study was to compare these two treatments for analgesic efficacy, pulmonary function, incidence of side effects and complications in patients undergoing thoracotomy. Methods: In this prospective randomized trial 50 patients were included. For postoperative pain control 25 patients (EA group) received thoracic epidural infusion of local anaesthetics (bupivacaine 0.125% or ropivacaine 0,2%) and fentanyl 4,5µg/ml with a flow rate of 4-10 ml/h. 25 patients received intravenous PCA with piritramid (bolus 2,5 mg, lock out 15 minutes, maximum of 25 mg/4 h, no background infusion). Results: Analgesia at rest and while coughing, as evaluated by visual analogue scale, was significantly better in the EA group. EA also resulted in superior values of pulmonary function tests, general condition and a lower incidence of sedation and nausea. In contrast, patients with EA reported distinctly more pruritus than patients with PCA. Duration of hospital stay was shorter in the EA group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. There was one atelectasis in the EA group. No major complications related to EA or PCA were observed. Conclusion: In this study EA with local anaesthetics and fentanyl provided superior postoperative pain control and a lower incidence of sedation and nausea compared to intravenous PCA with piritramid, but there was no superiority as to pulmonary complications and duration of hospital stay.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven, randomisierten Studie wurden die beiden klinisch etablierten, postoperativen Analgesieverfahren, die kontinuierliche thorakale Periduralanalgesie (PDA) mit Lokalanästhetikum und Fentanyl und die intravenöse patientenkontrollierte Analgesie (PCA) mit Piritramid, verglichen. Bei 50 Patienten (PDA-Gruppe n=25, PCA-Gruppe n=25), die sich einer Thorakotomie unterziehen mußten, wurden Analgesie, unerwünschte Wirkungen, Allgemeinbefindlichkeit, Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauer und Komplikationen unter den jeweiligen Verfahren untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sowohl die PDA als auch die PCA zur Schmerztherapie nach Thorakotomien effektiv und sicher sind. Dennoch wurde unter PDA eine signifikant bessere analgetische Wirkung sowie eine deutlich geringere Inzidenz der unerwünschten Wirkungen Sedierung und Übelkeit erzielt. Über Juckreiz klagten die Patienten mit PDA hingegen öfter. Im Hinblick auf Lungenfunktionsparameter, die subjektive Allgemeinbefindlichkeit der Patienten und die Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauer schnitt die PDA-Gruppe ebenso tendenziell besser ab. Auch die Beurteilung des jeweiligen Analgesieverfahrens durch die Patienten fiel bei insgesamt guter Bewertung beider Verfahren in der PDA-Gruppe besser aus. Trotz dieser Vorteile führte die PDA gegenüber der PCA jedoch nicht zu einer Senkung der pulmonalen Komplikationsrate.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Koronarsinusdilatation ; perioperative transösophageale Echokardiographie ; persistierende linke obere Hohlvene ; Kardioanästhesie ; Herzchirurgie ; Key words ; Dilated coronary sinus ; Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography ; Persistent left superior vena cava ; Cardiac anaesthesia ; Cardiac surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A 36-year old woman was presented to our hospital with congenital ventricular septal defect and one-vessel coronary artery disease (75% proximal left main coronary artery) for CABG and repair of the VSD. After induction, a transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) baseline examination was performed, showing a severely dilated coronary sinus (CS) measuring approximately 3 cm (abnormal 〉1 cm). We suggested a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) draining into the CS. PLSVC is a common venous congenital anomaly, with a reported incidence of 0.5% in general population and in 3–5 % of patients with congenital heart defect. Injection of echo-contrast solution in a left arm vein, visualizing microbubbles passing through the PLSVC into the CS confirmed our suspicion. The diagnosis of a PLSVC and dilated CS is a contraindication for retrograde cardioplegia because of the loss of cardioplegia into the PLSVC resulting in a inadequate myocardial protection. It may be difficult to pass a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) through a left internal or left subclavian vein and it may be associated with arrythmias. A chest radiograph shows the anomalous course of the PAC along the left heart.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine 36jährige Frau, mit einem kongenitalen Ventrikelseptumdefekt (VSD) und einer koronaren 1-Gefäßerkrankung (75% Hauptstammstenose) wurde unserem Krankenhaus zur Koronarbypassoperation und Verschluß des VSD zugewiesen. Nach der Narkoseeinleitung führten wir eine transösophageale echokardiographische Basisuntersuchung durch. Es zeigte sich ein deutlich dilatierter Koronarsinus (CS) von ca. 3 cm Durchmesser (abnormal 〉1 cm). Man vermutete eine persistierende linke obere Hohlvene (PLSVC), die sich in den CS drainiert. Die PLSVC ist eine venöse kongenitale Annomalie mit einer Inzidenz von 0,5% in der Normalbevölkerung und von 3–5% bei Patienten mit kongenitalen Herzerkrankungen. Nach Injektion von Echokontrastmittel über eine linke Armvene zeigten sich sog. Microbubbles im CS und bestätigten unsere Verdachtsdiagnose. Die Diagnose einer PLSVC und eines dilatierten CS gilt als eine Kontraindikation für die retrograde Kardioplegie, da es über die PLSVC zum Verlust von Kardioplegie, mit daraus resultierender unzureichender Kardioprotektion kommt. Die Plazierung eines Pulmonalarterienkatheters über die linke V. jugularis interna oder die linke V. subclavia kann erschwert sein und zu Herzrhythmusstörungen führen. Eine Röntgenthoraxaufnahme zeigt den ungewöhnlichen Verlauf des PAK entlang des linken Herzschattens.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Ki-67 labeling index ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Optic nerve glioma ; p53 ; Pilocytic ¶astrocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gliomas of the optic nerve, although typically of pilocytic (WHO grade I) histology, can present within the spectrum of astrocytic neoplasia including glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). In certain cases, histologic features alone make the distinction between pilocytic and diffuse astrocytomas difficult. We reviewed 22 cases of optic nerve gliomas, 19 of which were pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), and 3 of which were diffuse, non-pilocytic astrocytomas. The cases were evaluated for their clinical course, radiographic appearance, histologic grade, and proliferation indices as detected by MIB-1 (Ki-67) and p53 antibodies. Of the 19 PA, 14 showed no tumor growth by magnetic resonance imaging, and had Ki-67 and p53 labeling indices (LI) of 〈 1%. The other 5 PA exhibited aggressive behavior manifest by marked diffuse infiltrative tumor growth causing death in 2 patients, 1 of whom was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (immunoperoxidase and radiographs not available), and marked local growth with an average time to growth of 39.3 months, a Ki-67 LI of 2–3%, and a p53 LI of 〈 1% in three others. Three of the five aggressive PA histologically demonstrated a finely reticulated pattern, a pattern that appears as an exaggeration or expansion of the normal neuroglia of the optic nerve, and may simulate a diffuse low-grade astrocytoma. Two demonstrated the coarsely reticulated pattern, with the biphasic and microcystic pattern typical of PA. Three diffuse astrocytomas (2 anaplastic astrocytomas and 1 glioblastoma) originated clinically and radiographically from the optic nerve, and revealed a Ki-67 LI of 2–12%, a p53 LI of 2–8%, and an average time to growth of 8 months. We conclude that the majority of PA of the optic nerve are non-aggressive, stabilize radiographically, and have Ki-67 and p53 LI 〈 1%. However, a subpopulation of PA has a propensity for aggressive behavior, and are identified by a Ki-67 LI of 2–3% and a p53 LI of 〈 1%. Diffuse astrocytomas have both Ki-67 and p53 LI 〉 2%. Thus, in cases of aggressive optic nerve tumors in which the histologic review of biopsy material cannot confidently confirm the diagnosis of pilocytic or diffuse fibrillary glioma, a p53 LI of 〉 1% appears to favor the diagnosis of diffuse astrocytoma.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Neuropsychological ; Cognitive ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lesion load
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuropsychological deficits and the relationship to brain pathology were examined in 13 primary progressive (PP) and 12 secondary progressive (SP) multiple sclerosis patients with a similar duration of the progressive phase and comparable physical disability. A battery of neuropsychological tests to assess attention, short-term and working memory was administered to the patients, and their performance was compared to that of 20 healthy controls matched for age and premorbid IQ. Total cerebral lesion load on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was measured in the patients. Both PP and SP patients performed significantly worse than controls in most of the neuropsychological tests. There were only subtle differences between SP and PP on the working memory task although magnetic resonance imaging lesion load was significantly higher in SP than in PP patients. In this exploratory study only subtle differences in cognitive impairment were detected between SP and PP patients matched for physical disability and relevant illness features. The results also suggest that the severity of cognitive impairment cannot be fully explained by the extent of abnormalities detected on conventional T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and that other pathological abnormalities such as in normal-appearing white matter are likely to be involved.
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  • 12
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    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 252-258 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral venous ¶thrombosis ; Dural sinuses ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Heparin ; Thrombolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to arterial stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an infrequent condition which presents with a wide spectrum of signs and with a highly variable mode of onset. The clinician must therefore consider it systematically in all brain syndromes and perform the appropriate neuroimaging investigations: computed tomography (CT) with computed tomography angiography and/or magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance angiography and, if necessary intra-arterial angiography. Once the diagnosis is established, a wide investigation for should be carried out in search of the cause, and treatment started as soon as possible. Treatment is based on the combination of intravenous heparin (followed by oral anticoagulants for 3–6 months), symptomatic treatment (anticonvulsants, analgesics, treatment of increased intracranial pressure) and treatment of the cause. Local thrombolysis is indicated if there is deterioration due to thrombosis extension despite adequate anticoagulation. Diagnosis and treatment of CVT should be considered as an emergency because of the considerable potential for full recovery in this condition.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Leukoaraiosis ; Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Carotid artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral white matter lesions are frequently observed on magnetic resonance imaging of elderly, nondemented persons. There is evidence that white matter lesions are involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive decline and dementia. White matter lesions can be divided into those in the periventricular and those in the subcortical region. Pathological and epidemiological studies suggest that atherosclerosis is involved in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Our study reports on the association between atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries and white matter lesions in a population-based study among 1077 elderly subjects. We randomly sampled 1077 subjects aged between 60–90 years from two prospective population-based studies. All subjects underwent ultrasonography of the carotid artery. In addition, 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging was performed; white matter lesions in the subcortical and periventricular regions were rated separately. With increasing number of plaques in the carotid artery the severity of periventricular white matter lesions increased (P trend = 0.03), but not the severity of subcortical white matter lesions (P trend = 0.19). In addition, an increase in intima media thickness was borderline significantly associated with an increased severity of periventricular white matter lesions (P trend = 0.09), but not of subcortical white matter lesions (P trend = 0.68). These findings suggest that partly dissimilar pathogenetic mechanisms are involved in the etiology of periventricular and subcortical white matter lesions.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Small subcortical ¶infarction ; Large-vessel disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Silent white-matter hyperintensity ; Lacunar infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Small subcortical infarctions resulting from large-vessel disease are often observed. It is important to distinguish these from pure lacunar infarction resulting from small-vessel disease because the investigations and examinations differ. We investigated the differences on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between small subcortical ¶“lacunar-like” infarcts resulting from large-vessel disease and pure lacunar infarcts. Thirteen subjects with small lacunar-like infarcts (size 〈 2 cm), resulting from large-vessel disease, ¶and 30 subjects with lacunar infarcts (〈 2 cm), without large-vessel disease were studied. We measured infarction size using a 1.5-T MRI device and evaluated silent subcortical hyperintensity lesions using the modified Scheltens’ score. Large-vessel lesion was confirmed by conventional angiography, duplex carotid scan, and magnetic resonance angiography. There was no difference in the mean age of the two groups. Cerebrovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic complications were also comparable for the two groups. Progressive stroke was more common ¶in the lacunar-like infarction group than in the lacunar infarction group ¶(P = 0.004). Scores for periventricular hyperintensity, white matter hyperintensity, basal ganglia hyperintensity, and total subcortical hyperintensity scores were significantly higher in the lacunar infarction group than in the lacunar-like infarction group. The difference in basal ganglia hyperintensity scores was remarkable (P = 0.001). The enlargement of the perivascular space was also significantly greater in the lacunar infarction group than in the lacunar-like infarction group. These findings seem to reflect differences in the pathogenesis of infarction between the two groups. Silent subcortical hyperintensity lesions and enlargement of perivascular space are useful for between distinguishing small lacunar-like infarct resulting from large-vessel disease and pure lacunar infarction. This may have significant implications for the management of patients with lacunar-sized infarctions. It suggests that the pathogenesis of lacunar-sized infarction is variable.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Fatigue ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Motor evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fatique is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) even in the early phases of the disease, when neurological disability is usually still not present. To investigate the pathophysiology of fatigue we compared neurophysiological (motor evoked potentials of the four limbs, MEPs) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in two groups of nondisabled MS patients, those with (n=15) and those without (n=15) fatigue. Fatigue was assessed by an interview and scored by the Fatigue Severity Scale. The two groups were matched for sex, age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, pyramidal Functional System (FS) score, and depression score. MEPs were abnormal in five patients with fatigue and in one patient without fatigue. A significant association was found between the patient scores on the Fatigue Severity Scale, and the burden of MRI lesions (r=0.5; P〈0.005). Significantly higher parietal lobe (P〈0.05), internal capsule (P〈0.05), and periventricular trigone (P〈0.05) lesion loads were found in patients with fatigue than in those without. Our results agree with a central nervous system origin of fatigue in MS patients. This symptom might be a consequence either of a functional deafferentation of the cortex due to cortico-subcortical interconnection damage or of a demyelination in critical sites of the CNS, such as the cortico-spinal tract.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Sarcoidosis ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corticosteroid therapy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spinal cord sarcoidosis is a rare disorder whose natural history and therapeutic outcome are not fully known. We examined four patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis both clinically and radiologically, particularly in relation to corticosteroid treatment. The initial manifestation was cervical myelopathy in three and uveitis in one. All four patients progressed slowly until corticosteroid therapy was initiated. The cervial spine was involved in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed spinal cord swelling with T2-weighted high intensity and linear leptomeningeal and patchy or diffuse intramedullary enhancement with gadolinium diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid. With corticosteroid therapy, dramatic improvement was seen on MRI, including disappearance or marked reduction of swelling and enhancement. Plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were also markedly improved. In contrast, the clinical symptoms were little improved in one patient, unchanged in two, and rather worsened in one patient. Recurrence was seen on MRI at the maintenance dose in all four patients, without any dramatic change in clinical manifestation. MRI findings and plasma ACE are well correlated with active leasion of the spinal cord sarcoidosis, providing a useful marker for recurrence, but do not parallel the clinical manifestations.
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  • 17
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    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 943-948 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Transverse myelitis ; Motor evoked potentials ; Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Electromyography ; Prognosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A systematic evaluation of anterior horn cell, motor and sensory pathways is possible by electromyography (EMG), motor (MEPs) and somatosensory (SEPs) evoked potentials, respectively, which may provide valuable information on acute transverse myelitis (ATM). In a prospective hospital-based study, EMG, MEP and SEP studies were carried out on admission and after 3 months in 39 patients with ATM. All the patients also underwent detailed clinical evaluation, and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 28. Outcome was defined at the end of 3 months as poor, partial or complete recovery on the basis of functional status. Spinal MRI revealed hyperintense signal changes in T2 extending for two segments to the entire spinal cord. Central motor conduction time to tibialis anterior (CMCT-TA) was more frequently abnormal (90%), followed by tibial SEP (77%). CMCT to abductor digiti minimi (ADM) was abnormal in 30% and median SEP in 15% of patients. Evidence of denervation on EMG was present in 51% of patients. The CMCT-TA improved in 48% patients and tibial SEP in 32%. Median SEP improved in all patients, and CMCT-ADM remained prolonged in two. At 3 months 2 patients had died, and 18 had poor, 10 partial and 9 complete recovery. CMCT was correlated with miscle power, tone, reflec and MRI changes. Patients' outcome of was correlated with CMCT, SEP and EMG. These results are consistent with pronounced involvement of dorsal region of spinal cord in ATM. MEP is more frequently abnormal than SEP.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Einverständnis ; Berufskrankheitenanzeige ; Hautarztbericht ; Key words ; Consent ; Occupational-disease-Form ; Dematologist’s report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In Germany, if the dermatologist has definite proof that a patient’s skin disorder is severe or chronic, work-related and requiring a change in occupation, then he or she must issue a Berufskrankheitenanzeige (loosely translated as occupational disease notification). The patient’s consent is not required for this mandatory form, which has to be submitted even if the patient is opposed. On the other hand, if there is only a possible connection between the occupation and the skin disorder, or if the skin disease is neither severe nor chronic nor threatening pursuit of the occupation, then the dermatologist needs only write a Hautarztbericht (dermatologist’s report). The patient’s permission is required for this less formal document.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hat der Hautarzt den begründeten Verdacht, dass bei einem Patienten eine schwere oder wiederholt rückfällige Berufsdermatose besteht, die zur Aufgabe der hautgefährdenden beruflichen Tätigkeit zwingt, so muss er eine Berufskrankheitenanzeige erstatten, auch wenn der Patient nicht damit einverstanden ist. Besteht dagegen nur die Möglichkeit eines Zusammenhangs zwischen Beruf und Dermatose und/oder ist diese (noch) nicht schwer oder wiederholt rückfällig und/oder zwingt sie (noch) nicht zur Aufgabe der hautgefährdenden Tätigkeit, so ist nur ein Hautarztbericht (AV 20a) zu erstatten. Dazu bedarf es aber einer Einwilligung des Patienten.
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  • 19
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    Der Hautarzt 51 (2000), S. 14-18 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Erysipel ; Komplikationen ; Diabetes mellitus ; Hepatopathien ; Nephropathien ; Key words ; Erysipelas ; Complications ; Diabetes mellitus ; Hepatopathy ; Nephropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background and objective: A complicated course of erysipelas is not uncommon. Bullous, haemorrhagic, necrotic and purulent lesions may be encountered. Today no reliable data exist as to which constitutional factors renders a patient at risk for developing complicated erysipelas though several risk factors, particularly diabetes mellitus, are often suggested. Based on the analysis of patients with erysipelas at the Department of Dermatology in Graz, factors determining the risk for complicated erysipelas should be identified. Patients/Methods: In a retrospective case-control study clinical data sheets of 766 in- patients treated at the department were evaluated with respect to the course of the erysipelas and with respect to potential risk factors. Results: General risk factors for local complications were location at the lower extremities, pre-existing hepatic or renal disease, hyperuricaemia, and diabetes mellitus. Hepatic and renal disease and – to a lesser extent – diabetes particularly predisposed for bullous and haemorrhagic lesions, while vascular occlusive disease enhanced the risk for ne- crotic lesions. Conclusions: Location and hepatic and renal disease are the most important risk factors, while diabetes is probably of less significance than previously suggested.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Im Zuge eines Erysipels treten immer wieder Lokalkomplikationen (Blasen, Hämorrhagien, Nekrosen, Abszesse) auf. Derzeit gibt es keine verlässlichen Daten darüber, aufgrund welcher Merkmale ein Patient als komplikationsgefährdet einzustufen ist, wobei aber verschiedene Risikofaktoren, insbesondere Diabetes mellitus, vermutet werden. Anhand des Patientenguts der Grazer Hautklinik sollten klinische Risikofaktoren für einen komplizierten Erysipelverlauf erhoben werden. Patienten/Methodik: In einer retrospektiven Fall-Kontroll-Studie wurden von 766 Patienten, die in den Jahren 1986–1995 wegen eines Erysipels stationär behandelt worden waren, klinische Daten hinsichtlich Erysipelverlauf und möglicher Risikofaktoren erhoben und statistisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Das Risiko eines komplizierten Erysipelverlaufs wird allgemein durch Lokalisation am Bein, durch Leber- und Nierenerkrankungen, Hyperurikämie und durch einen Diabetes mellitus erhöht. Lebererkrankungen und – in geringerem Maße Diabetes – disponieren speziell zu bullösen und hämorrhagischen Verläufen, eine periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit zu nekrotischen Läsionen. Schlussfolgerungen: Betroffene Körperregion sowie Leber- und Nierenerkrankungen scheinen die wichtigsten Risikofaktoren zu sein, während der Diabetes mellitus möglicherweise eine geringere Rolle spielt, als bisher angenommen.
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  • 20
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    Der Hautarzt 51 (2000), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans ; Morbus Flegel ; Calcipotriol ; Vitamin D ; Key words ; Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans ; Flegel’s disease ; Calcipotriol ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel’s disease) is a rare but clinically and histologically highly characteristic genodermatosis. We report on new immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings suggesting a complex disorder of epidermal differentiation. In this context, a good response to calcipotriol, a synthetic vitamin D3 derivative is of particular interest.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (M. Flegel) ist eine autosomal-dominant vererbbare Genodermatose, bei der sich in der 2. Lebenshälfte bevorzugt an den unteren Extremitäten multiple, persistierende, hyperkeratotische Papeln entwickeln. In dem vorgestellten Fall eines 72jährigen Patienten zeigten unsere ultrastrukturellen und immunhistochemischen Untersuchungen eine stark verminderte Ausbildung regelrechter Keratohyalingranula sowie fehlende Expression von Filaggrin, Loricrin und Keratinen höheren Molekulargewichtes. Die Unterentwicklung der Odland Körperchen und die durch das Fehlen von Loricrin erklärbare mangelhafte Strukturierung des ”cornified envelopes” scheinen für die starke Retentionshyperkeratose verantwortlich zu sein. Die Therapie des M. Flegel ist schwierig. Vielversprechend erwies sich ein Therapieversuch mit einem synthetischen Vitamin-D3-Derivat (Calcipotriol), das erfolgreich in die komplexe Differenzierungsstörung dieser Genodermatose einzugreifen scheint.
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  • 21
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    Der Hautarzt 51 (2000), S. 25-30 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Herpes gestationis ; Schwangerschaftsdermatose ; Bullöses Pemphigoid ; BP180 ; Pruritus ; Key words ; Herpes gestationis ; Dermatoses of pregnancy ; Bullous pemphigoid ; BP180 ; Pruritus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background and Objective: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare pregnancy-associated autoimmune bullous disease characterized by autoantibodies to the 180 kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP180). The clinical spectrum of PG is polymorphic and for diagnostic purposes, a skin biopsy is usually taken demonstrating the deposition of autoantibodies. Patients and Methods: From 2 patients, skin biopsies were obtained for histopathologic and immunofluorescence studies. Circulating autoantibodies were characterized by immunoblotting and ELISA using a recombinant form of the immunodominant BP180 NC16 A domain. Results: The 2 PG patients described here did not show blisters but complained about severe itching. In the first case, PG presented in the first trimester of the second pregnancy as an erythema-multiforme-like disease. The second patient developed urticarial plaques a few days after delivery. PG was diagnosed by the detection of autoantibodies against recombinant BP180 NC16 A by immunoblot and ELISA analysis and confirmed by linear deposits of C3 at the cutaneous basement membrane zone on direct immunofluorecence microscopy. Skin lesions healed with oral prednisolon. Conclusions: In our two patients, non-bullous PG could be diagnosed by serological tests. Immunmoblotting and ELISA might be sensitive and specific tools when screening sera of patients with pruritic skin lesions in pregnancy for the presence of autoantibodies to BP180. In some cases, these newer techniques may make a skin biopsy unnecessary.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Das Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) ist eine seltene, schwangerschaftsspezifische Autoimmundermatose mit Autoantikörpern gegen das 180 kD bullöse Pemphigoid Antigen (BP180). Das klinische Bild ist polymorph. Die Diagnose des PG wird meist anhand einer Biopsie mit Nachweis der Autoantikörper in der Haut der Patientinnen gesichert. Patienten/Methodik: Bei 2 Patientinnen wurden Hautbiopsien histopatholgisch und immunfluoreszenzoptisch untersucht. Die Autoantikörper wurden mittels Immunoblot und ELISA unter Verwendung einer rekombinanten Form der immundominanten BP180-NC16-A-Domäne charakterisiert. Ergebnisse: Bei den beiden vorgestellten Patientinnen verlief das PG ohne Blasenbildung, jedoch mit starkem Juckreiz. Bei unserer ersten Patientin manifestierte sich die Erkrankung im 1. Trimenon unter dem Bild eines Erythema multiforme, der 2. Fall trat wenige Tage postpartal unter dem Bild einer Urtikaria auf. Die Diagnose wurde jeweils durch den Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen rekombinantes BP180 NC16 A im Immunoblot und ELISA und durch lineare C3-Ablagerungen an der Basalmembran in der direkten Immunfluoreszenz gesichert. Die Hautveränderungen heilten bei beiden Patientinnen unter oraler Prednisolontherapie ab. Schlussfolgerung: Bei den beiden vorgestellten Patientinnen wurde anhand von Serumuntersuchungen ein PG ohne Blasenbildung diagnostiziert. Sowohl Immunoblot als auch ELISA erscheinen aufgrund ihrer hohen Sensitivität und Spezifität als Screeningverfahren zum Nachweis von Autoantikörpern gegen BP180 bei pruriginösen Schwangerschaftsdermatosen geeignet. In der Zukunft dürften sie mitunter die bisher unverzichtbare Hautbiopsie zur Diagnose eines PG ersetzen.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Kutane Metastasen ; Leiomyosarkom ; Hodenhüllen ; Samenstrang ; Key words ; Cutaneous metastases ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Testicle cover ; Spermatic cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cutaneous metastases from a leiomyosarcoma of the testicular tunica albuginea are very rare. Primary leiomyosarcomas in this site are uncommen and furthermore cutaneous metastases develop only in 1,4% of all malignant tumors of the internal organs [10]. A 71 year old patient with such a sarcoma underwent primary excision. Nine months later multiple, firm, nodules were identified as cutaneous metastases. Further staging revealed already extensive, diffuse pulmonary and bony metastases without contiguous or regional lymph node involvement.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kutane Metastasen eines Leiomyosarkoms der Hodenhüllen sind sehr selten. Das ist einerseits darin begründet, dass primäre Leiomyosarkome der Hodenhüllen ebenfalls eine ausgesprochene Rarität darstellen und andererseits Hautmetastasen von malignen Tumoren innerer Organe nur bei ungefähr 1,4% der Fälle zu erwarten sind [10]. Es wird über einen 71jährigen Patienten mit einem linksseitigen Hodentumor berichtet, der nach Exzision als Leiomyosarkom der Hodenhüllen klassifiziert wurde. Neun Monate später traten multiple, derbe kutane Knoten am Kopf sowie Brustbereich auf. Die histopathologische Untersuchung der Knoten ergab die Diagnose von kutanen Filiae eines Leiomyosarkoms. Die weitere Durchuntersuchung zeigte eine bereits fortgeschrittene, diffuse, pulmonale und ossäre Metastasierung unter Aussparung regionärer und nachgeschalteter Lymphknotenstationen.
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  • 23
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    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 841-843 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We present the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a patient who, following treatment for pancreatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), relapsed with apparently isolated involvement of the right masticator space and left psoas muscles. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising from the masticator space muscles is very rare. In addition, simultaneous lymphomatous involvement of multiple discrete skeletal muscle sites, in the absence of disease elsewhere, has previously only been reported in the limb or limb girdle muscles. Lymphoma should be considered as a cause of isolated enlarged skeletal muscles, even when involving such distant sites.
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  • 24
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    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. 555-562 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Epilepsy ; Cortical malformations ; Migration disorders ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this review, a simplified scheme for classification of cortical malformations is introduced and illustrated based on the work of Barkovich et al. [8]. Detailed MRI studies identify cortical malformations as a major cause of epilepsy in children. Two aspects that are becoming increasingly important for the paediatrician are emphasised. First, knowledge of the genetic background of cortical malformations is necessary for appropriate genetic counselling. Although the majority of cortical malformations occur sporadically, recent studies have shown a familial pattern in specific epilepsy syndromes associated with cortical malformations. Second, the epilepsy becomes refractory to the common anti-epileptic drugs in many patients with cortical malformations so that epilepsy surgery should be considered. In this respect, the paediatrician can play a pivotal role in referring candidate patients for further specialised assessment. Conclusion The input of the paediatrician will become crucial to link clinical, genetic and neuro-imaging data in children with the great variety of possible cortical malformations.
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  • 25
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    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. S114 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Dietary therapy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neurology ; Pathology ; Phenylketonuria ; AbbreviationsHPA hyperphenylalaninaemia ; 1H-MRS proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Phe phenylalanine ; PKU phenylketonuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurological abnormalities in phenylketonuria were described before dietary treatment became possible. These included tremor, clumsiness, epilepsy, spastic paraparesis and occasionally extrapyramidal features. Neurological deterioration after childhood was recognised. Patients with neurological deterioration described recently have been late diagnosed or intellectually impaired or both. No early diagnosed patient who was well treated and of good intellectual outcome has yet shown neurological deterioration after stopping diet but it may happen. Conclusion The fascinating links between pathology, magnetic resonance imaging appearances, magnetic resonance spectroscopy results and clinical features are not yet clearly understood. Patients must understand the possible risks of stopping diet and make their choice. All patients need help, support and follow-up regardless of the choices they make over continuing diet.
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  • 26
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    Techniques in coloproctology 4 (2000), S. 129-131 
    ISSN: 1128-045X
    Keywords: Key words Colonscopy ; CT scanning ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Virtual colonoscopy ; Pneumocolography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Colonoscopy is an invasive technique, frequently incomplete and often poorly tolerated in elderly patients. New, less invasive modalities are being developed to diagnose moderate-sized adenomatous polyps and colorectal caners which involve pneumo- or hydrocolography with high-resolution surface imaging, either by CT or MR scanning. This approach has recently been supplemented by complex image post-processing to provide a form of virtual colonoscopy which takes account of projected colonic direction and which can map for mucosal anomalies. It remains to be seen how sensitive these newer techniques are and whether defined algorithms for colonic representation can be agreed upon which will prove both accurate and cost-effective both in symptomatic and screening populations.
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  • 27
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    The journal of headache and pain 1 (2000), S. 67-71 
    ISSN: 1129-2377
    Keywords: Key words Chronic daily headache ; Migraine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Red nucleus ; Substantia nigra ; Image processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using BOLD-fMRI we have previously documented activation of the red nucleus (RN) and substantia nigra (SN) during spontaneously and visually activated migraine headache. These observations prompted us to study brainstem function in chronic daily headache patients using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Seventeen chronic daily headache (CDH) patients, ten episodic migraine (EM) patients and fifteen controls (N) were imaged with a 3 tesla MRI system. For each subject, the relaxation rates R2, R2* and R2' were obtained for RN and SN. There was a significant decrease in R2' and R2* values for RN and SN in CDH compared to N and EM groups (p 〈 0.05), but no significant difference between the N and EM groups. A decrease in R2' and R2* indicates reduced deoxyhemoglobin and hence persistent activation of the RN and SN in CDH patients most likely secondary to ongoing headache at the time of study. The imaging data provide objective evidence of disturbed central nervous system function in CDH.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Strahlentherapieplanung ; Stereotaxie ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; FLAIR-Bildgebung ; Gliome ; Metastasen ; Key Words: Radiotherapy planning ; Stereotaxie ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; FLAIR imaging ; Glioma ; Metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Background: FLAIR MR imaging has shown to be a valuable imaging modality in pathologic lesions of the brain including intraaxial brain tumors. The aim of the study was to assess the value of a FLAIR technique in the planning process of stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with cerebral gliomas and metastases. Patients and Methods: Thirty-five patients with cerebral gliomas and 12 patients with a total of 39 cerebral metastases were examined by T2/PD-weighted fast spin-echo, fast FLAIR prior and after contrast and contrast enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo using identical slice parameters. The images were evaluated by using quantitative and qualitative criteria. Quantitative criteria were tumor-to-background and tumor-to-cerebrospinal fluid contrast and contrast-to-noise. The qualitative evaluation was performed as a multireader analysis concerning lesion detection, lesion delineation and image artifacts. Results: In the qualitative evaluation (Tables 3 and 6), all readers found the fast FLAIR images to be superior to fast spin-echo in the exact delineation of cerebral tumors (p 〈 0.001) and the delineation of enhancing and non enhancing tumor parts. Fast FLAIR was superior in the delineation of cortically located and small lesions but was limited in lesions adjacent to the ventricles. Fast FLAIR provided a significantly better tumor-to-CSF contrast and tumor-to-CSF contrast-to-noise (p 〈 0.001) (Tables 1, 2a, 2b, 4, 5). The tumor-to-background contrast and tumor-to-background contrast-to-noise of the fast FLAIR images were lower than that of T2-weighted spin-echo images but were significantly increased after the application of contrast media. FLAIR images had more image artifacts, but the image interpretation was not influenced. Conclusions: FLAIR MR imaging was found to be a valuable sequence in the planning protocol of stereotactic radiotherapy. The concurrent presentation of enhancing and non enhancing tumor tissue on contrast enhanced fast FLAIR imaging enables to use a single imaging sequence in the treatment protocol. This enables to load a reduced image amount into the radiotherapy planning software, is therefore time saving and reduces potential errors.
    Notes: Hintergrund: Eine FLAIR-(fluid attenuated inversion recovery-)Sequenz wurde in der stereotaktischen Strahlentherapieplanung zerebraler Gliome und Metastasen im Vergleich zu konventionellen Spin-Echo-(SE-)Sequenzen eingesetzt. Überprüft wurde die Wertigkeit dieser Methode anhand der Läsionserkennbarkeit, Läsionsabgrenzung und des Tumorkontrastes. Patientengut und Methode: 35 Patienten mit zerebralen Gliomen und zwölf Patienten mit insgesamt 39 zerebralen Metastasen wurden mit einer FLAIR-Sequenz vor und nach Kontrastmittel, einer T2- und PD-gewichteten SE-(FSE-)Sequenz und einer kontrastmittelunterstützten T1-gewichteten SE-Sequenz untersucht. Eine quantitative Auswertung umfaßte Tumor-zu-Hintergrund- und Tumor-zu-Liquor-Kontrast und Kontrast-zu-Rausch-Bestimmungen. In einer qualitativen Auswertung wurden die Erkennbarkeit und Abgrenzung der Tumoren anhand einer Multireader-Analyse beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Der Tumor-zu-Hintergrund-Kontrast bei zerebralen Gliomen war auf den nativen FLAIR-Aufnahmen den konventionellen FSE-Aufnahmen unterlegen. Beide Reader fanden die FLAIR-Technik aufgrund der Liquorunterdrückung in der Läsionsabgrenzung der T2- und Protonen-gewichteten FSE-Technik hingegen überlegen. Nach Kontrastmittelgabe stieg das Signal bei anreichernden Tumoren auf den FLAIR-Bildern im Mittel um 49%, wodurch der Tumor-zu-Hintergrund-Kontrast den der konventionellen Aufnahmen signifikant (p 〈 0,001) übertraf. Durch die Kontrastmittelgabe wurde auch die Abgrenzung der infiltrativen Tumoranteile signifikant (p 〈 0,001) verbessert. Bei Patienten mit zerebralen Metastasen konnten mittels kontrastmittelunterstützter FLAIR-Aufnahmen signifikant mehr Metastasen als mit nativer FLAIR- und T2/PD-gewichteter FSE-Sequenz, jedoch weniger als mittels kontrastmittelverstärkter T1 SE-Sequenz erkannt werden. Der Nachteil lag hierbei in der geringen Detektionsrate bei sehr kleinen, subkortikal gelegenen Metastasen. Vorteil der Methode war jedoch wie bei den zerebralen Gliomen die gleichzeitige Darstellung von anreicherndem Tumor und umgebendem Ödem. Artefakte nahe der Liquorräume sind auf FLAIR-Bildern häufig, sie störten die Bildinterpretation jedoch nicht wesentlich. Signalhyperintensitäten aufgrund physiologischer Gliosezonen an den Ventrikelrändern sind ebenfalls häufig zu beobachten und müssen in die Bildinterpretation einbezogen werden. Schlußfolgerung: Zusammengefaßt bietet sich die FLAIR-Technik als eine wertvolle Bildgebungssequenz in der stereotaktischen Strahlentherapieplanung von zerebralen Tumoren an. Durch die Verwendung kontrastmittelunterstützter FLAIR-Technik kann sowohl die Definition der radiologischen als auch der makroskopischen Tumorränder auf einer einzigen Bildgebungssequenz erreicht werden. Dieses ist insbesondere für das Einladen der Bilddaten in die verwendeten Bestrahlungsplanungssysteme von Vorteil, da die Bilddatenmenge deutlich reduziert, der Arbeitsaufwand für zusätzliche Bildfusionen vermindert und mögliche Fehlerquellen bei der Bildfusion vermieden werden können.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Macrodystrophia lipomatosa ; Fibrolipomatous hamartoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Median nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare disease typically causing localized gigantism and is often associated with a fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FH) of the median or plantar nerve. A previously unreported case of MDL with associated FH of the median nerve is presented.
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  • 30
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    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 37 (2000), S. 488-506 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words ; Acute myocardial infarction ; noninterventional treatment ; measures ; intravenous ; thrombolytics ; betablocker therapy ; complications of myocardial ; infarction ; cardiogenic shock ; right ventricular infarction ; Schlüsselwörter ; Akuter Myokardinfarkt ; nichtinterventionelle Therapie ; Thrombolytika ; Betablocker ; Infarktkomplikationen ; kardiogener Schock ; Rechtsherzinfarkt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die nichtinterventionelle Standardtherapie des akuten Myokardinfarkts in der ICU besteht in der Basisbetreuung und Basisbehandlung (Untersuchung; adäquate Lagerung und Bettruhe; Monitoring; venöser Zugang; Sauerstoff; Nitroglyzerin; Analgesie; Heparin), in der Infarktgrößenreduktion mit Senkung der Akut- und Langzeitletalität (Azetylsalizylsäure; Thrombolytika; Betablocker; zumindest bei höhergradiger Pumpfunktionseinschränkung auch ACE-Hemmer) sowie in der Prophylaxe und Therapie von Infarktkomplikationen (Herzinsuffizienz, Lungenödem und kardiogener Schock; bradykarde und tachykarde Rhythmusstörungen; anhaltende Myokardischämie) mit Senkung der Akutletalität. Für Kalziumantagonisten gibt es kaum noch Indikationen; die intravenöse Magnesiumgabe und die Glukose-Insulin-Kalium-Infusion haben ihre Wirksamkeit bisher noch nicht überzeugend belegt. Bei Rechtsherzinfarkt und infarktbedingtem kardiogenem Schock reicht die nichtinterventionelle Standardtherapie nicht aus: hier ist zur Senkung der hohen Sterblichkeit die rasche Wiedereröffnung des verschlossenen Infarktgefäßes mit Wiederherstellung eines ausreichenden Koronarflusses – meist mittels Akut-PTCA – erforderlich.
    Notes: Summary Noninterventional standard treatment measures for acute myocardial infarction in the ICU consist of routine care (medical examination; adequate bedding and bed rest; monitoring; venous access; oxygen and nitroglycerin therapy; analgesia; heparin), measures to reduce infarct size and thereby acute and long term mortality (acetyl salicylic acid; thrombolytics; betablockers; ACE inhibitors – at least in case of more severe pump failure) – and – finally – prophylaxis and treatment of infarct complications (heart failure, pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock; life-threatening bradycardias and tachycardias; ongoing myocardial ischemia), with consecutive reduction of immediate mortality. While calcium antagonists are no longer drugs of choice in patiens with myocardial infarction, intravenous magnesium and glucose-insulin-potassium solutions do not yet represent established treatment procedures in myocardial infarction. In case of right ventricular infarction and cardiogenic shock noninterventional treatment alone fails to reduce the high mortality; this may only be achieved by additional reopening of the infarct related coronary artery – mostly by coronary angioplasty – yielding a sufficient coronary flow.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Keywords Cavernous angioma ; Cerebral angiography ; Dynamic scan ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sinus pericranii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objects: Sinus pericranii is only a symptom complex, and it can have a variety of etiologies. Therefore, it is important to differentiate these etiologies preoperatively by means of radiological examinations. A 5-year-old boy was admitted with a soft and fluctuant tumor in the right parietal region near the midline. The tumor appeared when the child was in a recumbent position, distending noticeably with the Valsalva maneuver and disappearing completely when the patient was in the sitting position. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging showed the lesion with honeycomb-like heterogeneous iso- and low-intensity signals on the T1-weighted image and with heterogeneous high- and iso- intensity signal on the T2-weighted image. Dynamic study with an injection of gadolinium diethylene-triaminopentaacetic acid demonstrated and nodular peripheral enhancement at early phase and subsequent progressive enhancement towards the center of tumor. The internal carotid angiogram was normal. The external carotid angiogram, however, showed a tumor stain fed by the superficial temporal arteries. The stain was retained until the late phase and drained into the scalp veins and into the superior sagittal sinus. Following direct injection of contrast medium into the tumor there was prolonged retention of the medium in the tumor and leakage into scalp veins and the superior sagittal sinus. The mass under the periosteum was totally removed and proved to be a cavernous angioma. Conclusions: Scalp cavernous angioma is one of the etiologies of sinus pericranii and may be diagnosed preoperatively by cerebral angiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Serial dynamic magnetic resonance imaging will be particularly helpful for this diagnosis.
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  • 32
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    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 398-401 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Keywords Primitive neuroectodermal tumor ; Diffuse leptomeningeal neoplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pseudotumor cerebri ; Sinus thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are easily detected by neuroradiologic imaging, as a rule. We report on two patients with early diffuse leptomeningeal primitive neuroectodermal tumors which escaped detection by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
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  • 33
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    Child's nervous system 16 (2000), S. 551-554 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Keywords Acute myelitis of childhood ; Fibrocartilaginous embolism ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spinal cord infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Fibrocartilaginous embolus causing acute spinal cord infarction is a rare cause of acute-onset paraplegia or quadriplegia. Few cases of survivors have been reported in the neurosurgical literature, with most reports involving post-mortem or biopsy findings. There is little information on MRI findings in such patients. We present the youngest patient ever reported, and discuss the important differences between fibrocartilaginous embolus and acute myelitis of childhood. A 6-year-old girl with a history of back pain presented with sudden-onset nontraumatic paraplegia, with a clinical anterior spinal artery syndrome. Initial MRI scan revealed intervertebral disc disease at L1–2 and an incidental thoracic syrinx, but no cause for her acute-onset paraplegia was identified. Cerebrospinal fluid and other investigations were all negative. Sequential MRI scans revealed development of spinal cord expansion from T10 to the conus medullaris, with increased cord signal in the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. The intervertebral disc disease was unchanged. The imaging and clinical findings were caused by fibrocartilaginous embolus, which meant there was no need for spinal cord biopsy. The report describes the clinical and imaging criteria for diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolus, highlighting the case for avoiding an unnecessary biopsy. The clinical pattern in the paediatric group is discussed, with features differentiating it from acute myelitis of childhood.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Key words Lung lobectomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Left ventricular geometry ; Mediastinum ; Diaphragm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The thoracic cage after a lung resection is filled by the remaining lobes, the elevated diaphragm, the diminished thoracic cage, and by mediastinal shifting. The changes in the thorax after a lung resection were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. The study group consisted of 39 patients who had undergone a lobectomy, four who had undergone a pneumonectomy, and 14 controls. The left ventricular angle, ascending aortic angle, mediastinal shift, longitudinal length of the thoracic cage, the distance between the thoracic apex and the level of the aortic valve, and diaphragmatic elevation were all measured. After a right lower lobectomy, the mediastinum shifted more rightward than after a right upper lobectomy. The diaphragm became more greatly elevated after a right upper lobectomy than after a right lower lobectomy. When a chest wall resection was added to a right upper lobectomy, the mediastinal anatomical changes decreased. After a left upper lobectomy, the degree of mediastinal shifting was greater than after a left lower lobectomy. A left upper lobectomy shifted the mediastinum at the level of the right atrium. This method is easily reproducible and was found to be effective for quantifying the changes in the thorax after a lung resection.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Skabies ; Frühkindliche Phase ; Schwangerschaft ; Stillzeit ; Gasping-Syndrom ; Key words ; Scabies ; Early infancy ; Pregnancy ; Nursing ; Gasping-Syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Infestation of human skin with scabies mites remains an persistent problem in daily dermatological practice. There are several therapeutic regiments against scabies which have been proven effective and without major side effects. Because of known neurotoxicity of lindane as well as intoxication/problems following systemic absorption of benzyl alcohol (the metabolite of benzyl benzoate), these two compounds have to be considered with caution in early childhood scabies as well as during pregnancy and nursing. The pharmacology and spectrum of clinical side effects of the approved anti-scabies preparations (lindane, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton) as well as permethrin (not available in Germany) are reviewed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die zugelassenen Antiskabiosa gelten bei Einhaltung der Gebrauchsanweisung als sicher wirksam und unproblematisch. Berichte über neurotoxische Nebenwirkungen auf Lindan sowie Intoxikationen nach systemischer Verabreichung von Benzylalkohol (Metabolit des Benzylbenzoats) sind Gründe, die Indikationen und Nebenwirkungen der Antiskabiosa hinsichtlich der Lebensabschnitte der frühkindlichen Phase, der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit präzise zu definieren. Dabei wird neben den zugelassenen Fertigarzneimitteln (Lindan, Benzylbenzoat, Crotamiton) Permethrin in der Übersicht erfasst.
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  • 36
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    Der Hautarzt 51 (2000), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Kutane B-Zell-Lymphome ; Therapie ; Key words ; Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background and objective: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL) represent a unique type of extranodal B-cell lymphomas. Recently, the „European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)–Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group” classified PCBCL into two major groups: one with low-grade malignancy and excellent prognosis (follicle center cell lymphoma, immunocytoma/marginal zone B-cell lymphoma) and the other with intermediate malignancy and worse prognosis (large B-cell lymphoma of the leg). The clinical course and the prognosis of both groups clearly distinguish them from nodal lymphomas with similar morphological aspects, thus underlying the need for different treatment modalities. Patients/Methods: We investigated retrospectively the therapeutic data from 51 patients with PCBCL (40 lowgrade lymphomas, 11 large B-cell lymphomas). Several treatment modalities were used: total excision, radiotherapy, polychemotherapy, systemic corticosteroids, systemic antibiotics, as well as a variety of combination treatments. Results: Recurrence, dissemination and/or death of the patients were not significantly related to any single treatment modality. Conclusions: In our opinion, the choice of treatment for PCBCL depends on the histologic classification, the number, spread and localization of the infiltrates, and on the general condition of the patient.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Primäre kutane B-Zell-Lymphome (PKBZL) stellen eine eigenständige Krankheitsgruppe lymphoproliferativer Tumoren dar. In der vor kurzem von der „European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group” publizierten Klassifikation kutaner Lymphome wurden 2 Hauptgruppen der PKBZL beschrieben: Eine mit niedriger Malignität und exzellenter Prognose (Keimzentrumslymphome, Immunozytom/„Marginalzonelymphom”) und eine 2. mit intermediärer Malignität und schlechterer Prognose (großzelliges B-Zell-Lymphom der unteren Extremitäten). Der Verlauf und die unterschiedlichen Prognosen weisen darauf hin, dass es notwendig ist, eine dem klinischen Verhalten entsprechende Therapieform zu wählen. Patienten/Methodik: Wir untersuchten die Verlaufsdaten von 51 Patienten mit PKBZL (40 niedrig maligne PKBZL und 11 großzellige PKBZL) retrospektiv. Als Behandlungsformen kamen Totalexzision, Strahlentherapie, systemische Kortison- und Antibiotikatherapie, Polychemotherapie sowie verschiedene Kombinationstherapien zur Anwendung. Ergebnisse: Das Auftreten von Rezidiven sowie von Lymphknoten- oder Organbeteiligungen stand in keinem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit der gewählten Therapiemodalität. Schlussfolgerungen: Aus der Vielzahl der verwendeten Behandlungsformen ist die Komplexität der Erkrankung an sich und die der Wahl der Therapie ersichtlich. Unserer Meinung nach sollte die Behandlung der PKBZL in Abhängigkeit von der histologischen Klassifikation, der Anzahl, Ausdehnung und Lokalisation der Hautinfiltrate sowie vom Allgemeinzustand des Patienten gewählt werden.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Kalziphylaxie ; Hautnekrosen ; Livedo racemosa ; Pannikulitis ; Chronisches Nierenversagen/Hämodialyse ; Key words ; Calciphylaxis ; Cutaneous necrosis ; Livedo reticularis ; Panniculitis ; Chronic renal failure/hemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Calciphylaxis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in chronic renal failure. It is characterized by ischemic tissue necrosis primarily of the skin. The typical histopathologic finding is microvascular calcification with endovascular fibrosis. Patients typically present with violaceous, mottled and painful lesions which tend to progress to non-healing ulcers and necrosis. Most frequently the lower extremities are involved in a symmetric fashion but the trunk may also be affected. Sepsis from superinfection of the lesions accounts for the high mortality of this disease which is of importance for dermatologists and nephrologists alike. 61-year-old female patient developed lesions of calciphylaxis on both calves two years after beginning hemodialysis to treat renal failure due to diabetic glomerulosclerosis. We discuss aspects of the pathogenesis of calciphylaxis, as well as diagnosis, treatment and means of preventions, and review the current literature.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kalziphylaxie ist eine seltene, aber unter Umständen lebensbedrohliche Komplikation im Rahmen des chronischen Nierenversagens, bei der es infolge mikrovaskulärer Kalzifizierung und endovaskulärer Fibrose zu ischämischen Gewebsnekrosen kommt. Die Erkrankung kommt fast ausschließlich bei niereninsuffizienten, dialysepflichtigen Patienten vor und ist durch eine kalzifizierende Pannikulitis gekennzeichnet. Typischerweise treten an der Haut zunächst Livedo-artige, später schmerzhafte Veränderungen auf, die sich zu nicht abheilenden Ulzerationen und Nekrosen weiterentwickeln. Über nachfolgende Superinfektionen der häufig symmetrisch an den Extremitäten befindlichen Läsionen mit schwer therapierbarer Sepsis erklärt sich die hohe Mortalität dieser für Dermatologen und Nephrologen gleichermaßen wichtigen Erkrankung. Wir berichten über eine 61jährige Patientin, die nach etwas mehr als 2 Jahren chronischer Hämodialysetherapie infolge terminaler Niereninsuffizienz bei diabetischer Nephropathie eine Kalziphylaxie an beiden Unterschenkeln entwickelte. Daneben wird anhand einer Literaturübersicht ein Überblick über die Vorstellungen zur Ätiopathogenese der Kalziphylaxie gegeben sowie deren Diagnosestellung und Therapie-/Präventionsmöglichkeiten erörtert.
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  • 38
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    International journal of colorectal disease 15 (2000), S. 9-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Keywords Rectal cancer staging ; Computed tomography ; Endorectal sonography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Systematic review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  With the widespread introduction of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer and the development of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for selected early lesions, preoperative radiological staging of these tumours has taken on increasing importance. This study is a systematic review to evaluate computed tomography (CT), endorectal sonography (ES) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as preoperative staging modalities in rectal cancer. A Medline-based search identifying studies using CT, ES, or MRI in preoperative staging of rectal cancer between 1980 and 1998 was undertaken. The list of papers was supplemented by extensive cross-checking of citation lists. Studies were included if they met predetermined criteria. Data from the accepted studies were entered into pooled tables comparing radiological and pathological staging results for each modality both in determining bowel wall penetration and involvement of lymph nodes. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were determined for the pooled results. Eighty-three studies from 78 papers including 4897 patients met the inclusion criteria. In determining the wall penetration of the tumour the values for sensitivity for CT, ES, MRI and MRI with endorectal coil were 78%, 93%, 86% and 89%; for specificity 63%, 78%, 77% and 79%; and for accuracy 73%, 87%, 82% and 84%, respectively. In determining the nodal involvement by tumour the sensitivity values for CT, ES, MRI and MRI with endorectal coil 52%, 71%, 65% and 82%; for specificity 78%, 76%, 80% and 83%; and for accuracy 66%, 74%, 74% and 82%, respectively. MRI with an endorectal coil is the single investigation that most accurately predicts pathological stage in rectal cancer.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Key words Three-dimensional echocardiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Left ventricular volume ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of bias with coaxial three-dimensional echocardiography in an experimental animal setup and to establish the minimum number of sections needed for estimation of left ventricular (LV) volume. Epicardial coaxial echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure LV volume in 14 pigs, with chronic remodeled left ventricles induced by repeated intracoronary microembolizations. In addition, six animals underwent serial MRI at baseline, immediately after intracoronary microembolization, and after 119–165 days (mean 129 days). Coaxial echocardiography was performed by rotational acquisition of long-axis sections starting from an arbitrary angle. Planimetered MRI contours of LV endocardial borders were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the number of coaxial sections, and the precision of volume estimates. The mean ± 2SD of the differences between coaxial epicardial echocardiography with six sections and MRI were −2.5 ± 16.4 ml, 0.8 ± 13. 1 ml, and 2% ± 14% for end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF), respectively. Numerical analysis conducted on MRI contours of LV endocardial borders showed that with six coaxial sections the average coeffi-cient of error was 〈1% for the EDV and ESV. Three-dimensional echocardiography with six coaxial sections provides unbiased LV volume estimation with minimal geometric error.
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  • 40
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    Neurological sciences 21 (2000), S. 103-108 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Key wordsL-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Leukodystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare inborn error of metabolism, marked by a large and persistent increase of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We present clinical, biochemical and neuroradiological findings of seven Italian patients aged 4–19 years presenting at different stages of the disease. The disorder was characterized by a progressive neurological syndrome with cerebellar and pyramidal signs, mental deterioration, epilepsy and subcortical leukoencephalopathy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We observed a good correlation between the severity of the disease and the extent of lesions on MRI. We report the result of the first positive prenatal diagnosis.
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  • 41
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 2-11 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Glukosetransport ; GLUT ; SGLT ; GLUT1 deficiency ; Fanconi-Bickel-Syndrom ; Key words ; Glucose transport ; GLUT ; SGLT ; GLUT1 deficiency ; Fanconi-Bickel-syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The availability of glucose is the pivotal step for energy metabolism, mediated by a complex interaction of hormones and glucose transporters. Their hallmark is a defect in transmembraneous glucose transport in specific tissues. Over the last 10 years the function and properties of individual glucose transporters and their involvement in human diseases has become more apparent. These disorders now can be summarized as a novel group of congenital defects of glucose transport. Glucose-Transporter-Diseases include defects of the active Na+/glucose cotransporters (SGLT-family), such as the familial glucose-galactose-malabsorption (SGLT1) and renal glycosuria (SGLT1,2), as well as defects of the passive glucose transporters (GLUT-family), such as the glucose-transporter-protein-syndrome (GLUT1), the Fanconi-Bickel-syndrome (GLUT2), and with certain limits diabetes mellitus (GLUT1,2,4) and the glycogenosis type Id (GLUT7). The majority of these diseases can be treated by dietary means. The involvement of glucose transporters in further diseases can be anticipated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verfügbarkeit von Glukose ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für das Funktionieren des zellulären Energiestoffwechsels. Sie wird durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von Glukosetransportern und Hormonen gesichert. Nachdem Funktion und Eigenschaften der Glukosetransporter in den letzten 10 Jahren zunehmend aufgeklärt wurden, wurde deren Beteiligung an verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern erkannt. Glukosetransporterdefekte: Diese lassen sich zu den angeborenen Störungen des Glukosetransports zusammenfassen, einer Gruppe von verschiedenen gewebespezifischen Defekten des transmembranösen Glukosetransports. Zu den Defekten der „aktiven” Glukosekotransporter (SGLT-Familie) gehören die Glukose-Galaktose-Malabsorption (SGLT1) und vermutlich die renale Glukosurie (SGLT2). Defekte der „passiven” Glukosetransporter (GLUT-Familie) sind der GLUT1-Defekt und das Fanconi-Bickel-Syndrom (GLUT2). Die ätiologische und pathogenetische Rolle verschiedener Glukosetransporter (GLUT1,2,4) beim Diabetes mellitus liegt noch weitgehend im Dunkeln. Die meisten der angeborenen Störungen des Glukosetransports sind diätetisch therapierbar. Es ist zu erwarten, daß Glukosetransporter an der Pathogenese weiterer Krankheitsbilder beteiligt sind.
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  • 42
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 13-17 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Methotrexatenzephalopathie ; Neurotoxizität ; Adenosin ; Tetrahydrobiopterin ; Homocystein ; Key words ; Methotrexate-encephalopathy ; Neurotoxicity ; Adenosine ; Tetrahydrobiopterine ; Homocysteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Methotrexate is a major component in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood as a preventive treatment of CNS and in order to reduce testicular relapses. Unfortunately it can be severely neurotoxic. Case report: A 9 year old patient developed a methotrexate-encephalopathy after taking a high-dose of methotrexate for the first time within the treatment regimen of ALL-therapy. The further treatment of the patient was carried on with a reduced dose of methotrexate and enlarged supportive therapy beyond leucovorin rescue. Discussion: The development of methotrexate-encephalopathy is triggered by the disturbance of mainly folate metabolism and three other important metabolic pathways: adenosine, homocysteine, biopterine. It is possible to influence each of these pathways: In case of adenosine by use of theophylline as an antagonist; in both other pathways the addition of the essential cofactors betaine and vitamine B6 (pathway of homocysteine) or tetrahydrobiopterine (pathway of biopterine) seems to be important.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: In der Behandlung der akuten lymphoblastischen Leukämie (ALL) im Kindesalter ist Methotrexat ein wesentlicher Bestandteil in der präventiven ZNS-Behandlung sowie zur Verminderung testikulärer Rezidive. Leider kann es im Einzelfall eine schwere Neurotoxizität auslösen. Fallbericht: Wir berichten über einen 9jährigen Patienten, der nach der ersten Gabe von Hochdosismethotrexat im Rahmen der ALL-Therapie eine Methotrexatenzephalopathie entwickelte. Der Patient wurde mit reduzierter Methotrexatdosis und erweiterter Supportivtherapie (Betain, Vitamin B6, Tetrahydrobiopterin) über die Leukovorin-Rescue hinaus behandelt. Diskussion: An der Entstehung der Methotrexatenzephalopathie können – neben dem Folsäuremetabolismus – 3 weitere wichtige Stoffwechselwege (Adenosin, Homocystein, Biopterin) beteiligt sein. Auf jeden einzelnen dieser Stoffwechselwege kann eingewirkt werden. So wird Adenosin durch Theophyllin antagonistisch beeinflußt, bei Homocystein und Biopterin scheint der Zusatz von essentiellen Kofaktoren wie z.B. Betain und Vitamin B 6 (Homocysteinstoffwechsel) bzw. Tetrahydrobiopterin (Biopterinstoffwechsel) von entscheidender Bedeutung zu sein.
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  • 43
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 138-141 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Arrhythmogene rechtsventrikuläre Dysplasie ; Synkope ; Kardiomyopathie ; Plötzlicher Herztod ; Key words ; Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia ; Syncope ; Cardiomyopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a frequent cause of sudden cardiac death in young individuals. This disease is characterized by fibrous and adipose replacement of the right ventricular myocardium and recurrent ventricular tachycardias of left bundle branch pattern. The etiopathogenesis of this disease still remains obscure. Recently different gene defects were localized. After making the diagnosis there are different therapeutic options: medical therapy with sotalol or amiodarone may be effective in preventing recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Invasive therapy using radiofrequency ablation is also possible. A termination of the tachycardias with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator seems to be an efficient treatment. Typical findings and therapeutic considerations are shown in a case report. Discussion: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia has to be considered in patients with syncope or ventricular tachycardia as the cause of these symptom. In case of suspicion (history, electrocardiographic findings) the further work-up has to be done at a cardiac center. Due to the high risk of sudden cardiac death an appropriate therapy is necessary. The implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator prevents dangerous tachycardias safely, despite the lack of controlled trials.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die arrhythmogene rechtsventrikuläre Dysplasie ist eine häufige Ursache des plötzlichen Herztods unter Jugendlichen. Typisch für diese Erkrankung ist der Ersatz von Muskulatur der freien Wand des rechten Ventrikels durch Fett und fibröses Bindegewebe. Von diesen Arealen gehen gefährliche ventrikuläre Tachykardien mit Linksschenkelblockmorphologie aus. Die genaue Ätiologie der Erkrankung bleibt bisher unklar, eine genetische Ursache erscheint wahrscheinlich. Nach der Diagnosestellung gibt es verschiedene therapeutische Ansätze. Neben der alleinigen medikamentösen Therapie mit Sotalol oder Amiodaron besteht die Möglichkeit einer Hochfrequenzablation im Rahmen einer elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung. Eine weitere Option ist die Implantation eines Kardioverter-Defibrillators. Die erhobenen Befunde und therapeutische Entscheidungen werden an einem typischen Fall dargestellt. Diskussion: Die ARVD ist eine wichtige Differentialdiagnose bei Patienten mit Synkopen oder ventrikulären Tachykardien. Aufgrund des hohen Risikos des plötzlichen Herztods muss beim Verdacht auf diese Erkrankung (Anamnese, typische EKG-Befunde) die weitere Diagnostik an einem Zentrum erfolgen, welches über die notwendigen therapeutischen Möglichkeiten (Elektrophysiologie, Herzchirurgie) verfügt. Die Implantation eines Kardioverters bzw. Defibrillators verhindert sicher die gefürchteten Herzrhythmusstörungen. Hinsichtlich des Langzeiterfolgs fehlen jedoch kontrollierte Studien.
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  • 44
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Frühgeborene ; Sehr niedriges Geburtsgewicht ; Follow-up-Studie ; Postnatales Wachstum ; Sozioökonomische Faktoren ; Key words ; Premature ; Very low birth weight ; Follow-up study ; Postnatal growth ; Socio-economic factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objective: Concerning the long-term somatic development of children born with very low birth weight and/or born very premature, there are varying and sometimes contradictory statements. A follow-up study was carried out on premature-born children from Thuringia and Saxonia at pre-school and early school age in order to investigate the long-term somatic development of these children. Anthropological parameters were examined and compared with the data of a reference group. Methods: Of 75 boys and 53 girls aged 5 to 9.5 years with a birth weight of less than 1500 g and/or a gestational age of less than 32 weeks the following anthropological characteristics were analysed after transformation into standard deviation scores (SDS): body height, body weight, body mass index, metric index and head circumference. Reference values were obtained from the Jena longitudinal study. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the influence of selected biological and socio-economic variables on the postnatal body height development was analysed. Results: At the age of 5 to 9.5 years the average SDS-values of body height, body weight, body mass index (only boys) and head circumference of premature-born children are significantly below reference values. There is a tendency to greater SDS-deviations in boys. The multiple linear regression model presented here shows that birth weight, gestational age, parental body height and rank in the birth order significantly influence the postnatal development of the body height. Conclusions: It has been shown that on average premature-born children have not caught up on their retardation by pre-school and beginning-of-school age. The individual development of these children varies considerably due to constitutional, neonatal and social factors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Zur längerfristigen körperlichen Entwicklung sehr untergewichtig bzw. sehr unreif geborener Kinder liegen unterschiedliche, z.T. widersprüchliche Angaben vor. Um die somatischen Langzeitfolgen der Frühgeburtlichkeit aktuell beurteilen zu können, erfolgte eine Nachuntersuchung im Vorschul- und Schulalter von ehemals Frühgeborenen aus dem thüringisch-sächsischen Raum. Dabei wurden Wachstumsparameter anthropologisch erfaßt und den Daten einer Referenzgruppe gegenübergestellt. Methode: Bei 75 Jungen und 53 Mädchen im Alter von 5–9,5 Jahren, die bei der Geburt ein Gewicht 〈1500 g bzw. ein Gestationsalter 〈32 vollendete Wochen aufwiesen, wurden folgende Merkmale und Indizes nach der Umrechnung in Standard-deviation-Scores (SDS) ausgewertet: Körperhöhe, Körpergewicht, Body-mass-Index, Metrikindex und Kopfumfang. Als Referenzdaten dienten die Werte des Jenaer Längsschnitts. Mittels multipler linearer Regressionsanalyse wurde der Einfluß von ausgewählten biologischen und sozioökonomischen Variablen auf das postnatale Körperhöhenwachstum analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die ehemaligen Frühgeborenen liegen im Alter von 5–9,5 Jahren in ihren durchschnittlichen SDS-Werten für Körperhöhe, Körpergewicht, Body-mass-Index (nur Jungen) und Kopfumfang signifikant unterhalb der Referenzwerte. Dabei besteht ein Trend zu größeren SDS-Abweichungen im männlichen Geschlecht. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß das Geburtsgewicht, das Gestationsalter, die Körperhöhe von Vater und Mutter und der Rang in der Geschwisterreihe einen signifikanten, geschlechtsabhängigen Einfluß auf die postnatale Körperhöhenentwicklung ausüben. Schlußfolgerungen: Die sehr untergewichtig bzw. sehr unreif geborenen Kinder haben im Durchschnitt im Vorschul- und beginnenden Schulalter ihren Rückstand in der körperlichen Entwicklung nicht aufgeholt. Dabei besteht hinsichtlich des somatischen Entwicklungsstands eine erhebliche individuelle Variabilität. Diese Variabilität ist sowohl auf konstitutionelle als auch auf neonatale und soziale Faktoren zurückzuführen.
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  • 45
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 235-238 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Arterielle Hypertonie ; Herzinsuffizienz ; ACE-Hemmer ; Alopezie ; Zink ; Nebenwirkungen ; Key words ; Arterial hypertension ; Congestiv heart disease ; ACE-inhibitor ; Alopecia ; Pediatrics ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors (ACE-inhibitors) alter the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldesterone-system, which regulates the angiotensin II synthesis. Angiotensine II is known to be a potent vasoconstrictor. ACE-inhibitors are used as a standard treatment of arterial hypertension concerning the WHO-guidelines. The experiences concerning the use of ACE-inhibitors in pediatric patients are limited. The frequency of side-effects are not known on a sufficient scientific basis. Results: We report about 49 pediatric patients who were treated with ACE-inhibitors during the last two years. The children were suffering from congestive heard disease due to a congenital heardfailure or primary arterial hypertension. Two of these children (a 13 years old girl and a 16 years old boy) developed an alopecia medicamentosa. The side-effect was never reported in children before. After discontinuation of the ACE-inhibitior the hair growth returned to normal and the alopecia disappeared complete. Discussion: The pathogenesis of alopecia due to ACE-inhibitor therapy is not known. ACE-inhibitors develop their effects by binding to zinc ions located close to the active site of the Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme. Due to this, the activity of the enzyme declines. Alopecia and some other published side-effects of ACE-inhibitor treatment (skin rash, taste disturbance) are known to be key symptoms of patients who suffer from zinc deficiency.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Angiotensinkonversionsenzymhemmer (ACE-Hemmer) greifen in das Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System ein, das die Aktivierung von Angiotensin II reguliert, einem endogenen Vasokonstriktor. Sie nehmen einen festen Platz in der Therapie der arteriellen Hypertonie (2. Stufe des WHO-Therapiekonzepts) und der Herzinsuffizienz bei erwachsenen Patienten ein. Die Erfahrungen bezüglich einer ACE-Hemmer-Behandlung und dem Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen sind bei Kindern im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen beschränkt. Ergebnisse: In einem Kollektiv von 49 pädiatrischen Patienten, die mit ACE-Hemmern (Captopril/Enalaprilat) behandelt wurden, beobachteten wir bei 2 Kindern, 3–4 Wochen nach Behandlungsbeginn, das Auftreten von Haarausfall. Diese Nebenwirkung ist bei Erwachsenen nur in wenigen Einzelfällen und bei Kinder bisher noch nicht publiziert worden. Weitere Nebenwirkungen bestanden nicht. Die Alopezie bildete sich bei beiden Kindern nach Umstellung der Behandlung vollständig zurück. Schlußfolgerung: Möglicherweise wurde die generalisierte Alopezie durch Interaktionen zwischen ACE-Hemmern und dem Zinkstoffwechsel hervorgerufen. Dieser Zusammenhang könnte auch ein häufigeres Auftreten bestimmter Nebenwirkung bei Kindern erklären, da sie über kleinere Zinkspeicher als Erwachsene verfügen.
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  • 46
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    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 250 (2000), S. 76-78 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Septum pellucidum ; Developmental ¶disorder ; Schizophrenia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cavum veli interpositi ; Cavum septi pellucidi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case of monocygotic twins discordant for a psychotic disorder is presented. An anomaly of the septum pellucidum, a so-called cavum veli interpositi was found in the psychotic twin while his brother showed no such anomaly. Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of septum pellucidum anomalies in schizophrenic patients. Abnormalities of the septum pellucidum may be associated with disturbed neuronal development in distinct limbic brain areas which cannot yet be visualized yet by brain imaging techniques. The finding of the cavum veli interpositi in the psychotic twin could be incidental; however, it may indicate a dysgenic process in early brain development and, thus, play a significant role in the etiology of psychosis.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gentransfer • Gelenkknorpel • Wachstumsfaktoren • Kollagen • Matrixsynthese ; Key words ; Gene transfer • Hyaline cartilage • Growth factors • Collagen • Proteoglycan synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary TGFβ-1 has been shown to upregulate matrix synthesis in articular chondrocytes. TGFβ-gene transfer to chondrocytes has the potential to increase the local production of this key component within regenerating cartilage after trauma and could support the repair process in articular cartilage laesions. Primary rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and retrovirally transfected with the experimental TGFβ-1 and the lacZ marker gene for control purposes. After radioactive labeling of new synthesized matrix protiens results were compared with normal primary chondrocytes. After TGFβ-1 gene transfer the endogenous growth factor concentration was doubled compared to normal chondrocytes and decreased in the lacZ control group. The proteoglycan synthesis in TGFβ-1 transfected chondrocytes showed a 96 % increase compared to the basal production of normal chondrocytes. The LacZ transfected group revealed the opposite effect by a 44 % decrease. The collagen synthesis of TGFβ-1 transfected chondrocytes was 304 % compared to normal chondrocytes, predominantly type II collagen. The lacZ group collagen production was reduced by 35 %. We conclude that TGFβ-1 gene transfer overcomes the decreasing effect observed by transfection with the LacZ marker gene and increases matrix synthesis in articular chondrocytes. Genetically altered chondrocytes might improve the repair of cartilage lesions by stimulating matrix synthesis and supporting the expression of the hyaline phenotype.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung TGFβ-1 ist ein essentieller Wachstumsfaktor in der Gewebedifferenzierung und stimuliert auch die Syntheseaktivität in Knorpelzellen. Der Effekt einer Wachstumsfaktorsubstitution innerhalb eines biologischen Systems ist jedoch zeitlich stark limitiert, so dass der Transfer von Wachstumsfaktorgenen hier eine kontinuierliche lokale Bereitstellung des Zytokins ermöglichen würde und so zu verbesserten Resultaten in der Knorpelregeneration führen könnte. Gelenkknorpelzellen des Kaninchens wurden kultiviert und retroviral mit dem TGFβ-1 und dem LacZ-Gen transfiziert. Nach radioaktiver Markierung der Proteoglykan- und Kollagenneosynthese wurden die Ergebnisse der genveränderten Zellen mit unbehandelten Chondrozytenkulturen verglichen. Die TGFβ-1-Konzentration nach entsprechendem Gentransfer war im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe verdoppelt, nach LacZ-Gentransfer zeigte sich eine Reduktion der basalen TGFβ-1-Konzentration. Die Proteoglykansynthese in der TGFβ-1-Gruppe zeigte einen 96 %igen Anstieg verglichen zur normalen Knorpelzellproduktion. Bei der LacZ-Gruppe zeigte sich der gegenteilige Effekt in Form einer Reduktion der basalen Proteoglykansynthese um 44 %. Die Kollagenneosynthese in der TGFβ-1-transfizierten Gruppe betrug 304 % verglichen zur normalen Knorpelzellkultur und war um 35 % reduziert in der LacZ-Gruppe. Die Ergebnisse der TGFβ-1-transfizierten Gruppe unterschieden sich signifikant von den beiden Kontrollgruppen. Viraler Gentransfer in Chondrozyten ist möglich, jedoch werden die zellulären Syntheseleistungen beeinträchtigt. Der Transfer eines spezifischen Wachstumsfaktorgens hingegen überkompensiert diesen Effekt und bewirkt eine deutliche Steigerung in der Matrixneosynthese kultivierter Chondrozyten.
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 30-33 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Granuloma cryptococcal ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report an intracerebral cryptococcal granuloma in a patient who presented with recent memory disturbance and deteriorating mental status followed by temporary loss of consciousness. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an intracerebral cryptococcal granuloma examined by a combination of conventional MRI, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging and in which the surgical specimen was analysed histochemically.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hemimegalencephaly ; Positron emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report hemimegalencephaly in a 44-year-old woman with mental retardation, epilepsy and a mild hemiparesis. In addition to typical findings on MRI, 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (PET) demonstrated glucose hypometabolism of the affected hemisphere. The results of PET have been coregistered with morphological information from the MRI studies by image fusion.
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  • 50
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 753-755 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Encephalitis, tick-borne ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Basal ganglia ; Thalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus gives rise to epidemic encephalitis. Mild forms usually manifest as influenza-like episodes or are clinically silent. MRI is usually normal in TBE. We describe severe TBE in a patient who presented with fever and altered mental status after a tick bite and a specific antibody response to TBE. MRI revealed pronounced signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia and thalamus, without contrast enhancement. These findings coincide well with neuropathological studies of severe nerve cell degeneration with inflammatory cell infiltrates, neuronophagia and reactive astrocytosis in the deep grey matter. We review the literature and discuss the relevant differential diagnosis.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord, central canal ; Syringomyelia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The central canal of the spinal cord is present at birth and becomes progressively obliterated. Cadaver studies have shown that it may persiste partially or completely. To our knowledge, this entity has not been described on MRI. We reviewed 794 MRI studies of the spinal cord, and found 12 patients (aged 14 to 65 years) who had an intramedullary cavity. The cavity was at the junction of the ventral 1/3 and dorsal 2/3 of the spinal cord, except at the level of the lumbar enlargement, where it was central. It was filiform in most cases, although sometimes fusiform (3 to 4 mm in diameter), and had regular contours. The cavity were thoracic in 69 % of cases. The clinical features were totally unrelated to the image, and there were no anatomical factors (Chiari malformation, dysraphism) predisposing to syringomyelia. The images were perfectly compatible with a persistent central canal, which we interpret as a variant of normal anatomy. Therefore it is important to regard these findings as normal, to avoid unnecessary treatment and follow-up.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared the sensitivity of T2-weighted spin-echo (FSE) and fast short-tau inversion-recovery (fSTIR) sequences in detection of multiple sclerosis of the spinal cord in 100 consecutive patients with clinically confirmed multiple sclerosis (MS); 86 patients underwent also brain MRI. In all, 310 focal lesions were detected on fSTIR and 212 on T2-weighted FSE, spinal cord lesions were seen better on fSTIR images, with a higher contrast between the lesion and the normal spinal cord. In 24 patients in whom cord plaques were shown with both sequences, the cranial study was normal or inconclusive. Assessment of spinal plaques can be particularly important when MRI of the brain is inconclusive, and in there situations fSTIR can be helpful.
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  • 53
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 905-907 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Alkaptonuria ; Ochronosis ; Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the MRI features of the lumbar spine in a patient with ochronosis.
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  • 54
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 917-922 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Mouth, cysts ; Neck, cysts ; Glands, salivary ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the MRI of 20 patients with a ranula (8 simple and 12 plunging) and ten with other cystic masses in the floor of the mouth and/ or suprahyoid portion of the neck (three haemangiomas, two neuromas, one monomorphic adenoma, one lipoma, two lateral cervical cysts and one dermoid cyst). Histological diagnoses were obtained in all cases with the exception of one presumed haemangioma. Ranulas were all well-defined, homogeneous masses giving low signal on T1-and markedly high signal on T2-weighted images. While simple ranulas were all confined to the sublingual space, plunging ranulas were centered on the submandibular space and tended to spill into one or more adjacent spaces. They extended into the sublingual space anteriorly (producung a so-called tail sign) in eight of 12 cases and into the parapharyngeal space superiorly in five. Although they sometimes filled a considerable part of the parapharyngeal space, displacement of surrounding muscles or vessels was usually slight, which was thought to reflect the nature of extravasation pseudocysts. All other cystic masses in our study had one or more MRI finding different from those of ranulas and could be easily differentiated from them.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cavernous sinus ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aspergillosis of the cavernous sinus is rare, especially in immuno competent individuals. We report three such cases secondary to paranasal sinus aspergillosis, with imaging findings.
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  • 56
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 112-114 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hypophosphataemia ; Brain ; Myelinolysis, extrapontine ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 38-year-old woman with extreme hypophosphataemia in whom CT and MRI disclosed bilateral lesions within the basal ganglia, thalamus and occipital lobes. After adequate substitution of phosphate the lesions grossly resolved and the patient recovered. This case is the first to demonstrate that profound changes of serum phosphate may be associated with reversible brain lesions.
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  • 57
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 99-103 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hypertension arterial ; Medulla oblongata ; Compression ; Neurovascular ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurovascular compression (NVC) of the left ventrolateral medulla (VLM) has been implicated as a cause of essential hypertension. We investigated whether high-resolution MRI of the posterior cranial fossa could identify patients with essential hypertension who may benefit from surgery. A retrospective analysis of imaging and clinical records from 162 patients was performed. There were 38 patients with essential hypertension and 124 who were normotensive. Contact or compression of the VLM was present in 42.1 % (16/38) of the hypertensive group on the left and 47.3 % (18/38) on the right. In the normotensive group it was seen in 32.2 % (40/124) on the left and 26.6 % (33/124) on the right. There was no significant difference between the hypertensive and control groups with regard to contact or compression of the left VLM. The results support the contention that neurovascular compression (NVC) of the left or right VLM is a common finding on MRI in normotensive individuals. We therefore believe that high-resolution MRI cannot be used as a screening tool to identify patients who may benefit from surgery.
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  • 58
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 368-370 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Decompression illness ; Caisson disease ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of decompression illness in which the patient developed paraparesis during scuba diving after rapid ascent. MRI of the spine revealed a focal intramedullary lesion consistent with the symptoms. The pathophysiological and radiological aspects of spinal decompression illness are discussed.
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  • 59
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Meninges ; Hypotension ; spontaneous intracranial ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension diagnosed with unenhanced cranial MRI, showing laminar subdural fluid and engorgement of the hypophysis and perisellar sinuses. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was low. MRI was normal after resolution of symptoms. Prior reports emphasise the enhancing pachymeninges seen in this syndrome. We maintain that, when subdural collections and perisellar engorgement are detected on unenhanced MRI in the proper clinical setting, contrast enhancement may not be necessary for the diagnosis.
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  • 60
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 532-534 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cyst ; Rathke's cleft ; Hypophysitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst associated with hypophysitis in a 61-year-old woman. We demonstrate the MRI features and discuss the pathophysiology. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of a Rathke's cleft cyst shrinking after high-dose steroid therapy.
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  • 61
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 9-13 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Haemochromatosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Transcranial ultrasound ; Nucleus, lentiformis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Haemochromatosis is characterised by deposition of iron-containing pigment in various organs, but little is known about possible deposition in the brain and its clinical impact. We therefore investigated 14 patients with hereditary haemochromatosis with MRI, CT and transcranial ultrasound (TCS) and examined them neurologically. In six of the patients dense lesions were found within the lentiform nucleus on CT, all of whom displayed hyperechogenic lesions in the same area on TCS, as did one other patient. In these patients the relative signal intensities of the lentiform nucleus measured by MRI relaxometry were higher. No patient had clinical signs of basal ganglia disorders.
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  • 62
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 40-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Veins, cerebral, anomalies ; Angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract I report a 30-year-old woman with congenital cerebral venous dysgenesis with absence of the internal cerebral and basal veins and most of the cortical veins. Unlike the more common bilateral picture, she had involvement only on the left side, which delayed presentation and gave relatively mild symptoms. The embryological mechanism and differential diagnosis of unilateral absence of the internal cerebral, basal and cortical veins are discussed.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Nijmegen breakage syndrome ; Anomalies of brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the results ¶of MRI examinations in ten patients with documented Nijmegen ¶breakage syndrome (NBS), aged 1.75–19 years. T1-, Proton-Density- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences were performed in three planes. All patients showed microcephaly with decreased size of the frontal lobes and narrow frontal horns. In four patients agenesis of the posterior part of the corpus callosum was found, with colpocephaly and temporal horns dilatation. In one patient callosal hypoplasia was accompanied by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid spaces and wide cerebral cortex, suspicious of pachygyria. Sinusitis was present in all ten patients, as a result of primary immunodeficiency. As in ataxia teleangiectasia and other breakage syndromes, patients with NBS show an inherited susceptibility to malignancy and hypersensitivity to X- and γ-radiation. CT is therefore contraindicated in these patients and MRI should be the method of choice for diagnostic imaging.
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  • 64
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 54-55 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain, hypoxia ; Blood-aqueous barrier ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The MRI findings of a patient with diffuse cortical hypoxic brain damage (Adams pattern III) are presented. Besides intense cortical contrast enhancement, a peculiar leakage of contrast medium at the anterior chambers of the eye was observed. The pathogenetic mechanism of this enhancement is discussed.
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  • 65
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 738-741 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lymphoma ; Central nervous system ; Immunocytoma, cerebral ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a young woman with a primary cerebral immunocytoma. Most primary cerebral nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are highly malignant undifferentiated B-cell tumours, there are few data on the clinical course, MRI and spectroscopy findings of this rare PCNSL subtype. MRI revealed a radially enhancing tumour with mild perifocal oedema. MR spectroscopy indicated low cell turnover. Slow clinical progression, no significant changes with treatment, and imaging findings were consistent with a low-grade malignant tumour.
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  • 66
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    Keywords: Key words Rhombencephalosynapsis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rhombencephalosynapsis is an unusual disorder characterised by maldevelopment of the rhombencephalon, sometimes with supratentorial midline anomalies. We report MRI findings in a 39-year-old woman, the oldest in the literature. MRI demonstrated hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, with fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres and abnormally oriented folia. Supratentorial anomalies were also seen.
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  • 67
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 280-284 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Oedema ; intramedullary ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transient but very intense oedema of the cervical spinal cord was observed in two patients with obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. Both presented with hydrocephalus, one due to an infratentorial obstructing mass and the other due to postmeningitic adhesive obstruction of the outlet foramina of the fourth ventricle. In animal experiments with obstruction of CSF pathways (due to outlet foramina obstruction or to downward tentorial herniation) flattening and stretching of the ependymal cells along the central canal is observed, followed by disruption and splitting of the ependymal lining and then by extracellular oedema of the subependymal tissue. Without treatment, frank cavity formation develops in a fourth stage. In our two patients, however, most probably because of appropriate decompressive therapy, the oedema disappeared completely without a residual spinal cord lesion.
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  • 68
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Haemorrhage, intracerebral ; Haemosiderin ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intracerebral haemorrhage may be visible indefinitely on MRI, due to persistence of haemosiderin in macrophages around the lesion, but it is not clear whether all haemorrhages produce haemosiderin or, if not, what proportion cannot be identified as former haemorrhages on routine MRI. We performed routine MRI (spin-echo T2- and proton-density weighted images) in 116 survivors of moderate to severe head injury, 1–5 years after injury. We reviewed the images blindly and correlated them with CT in the acute stage, to determine how many haemorrhages from the acute stage were identifiable by virtue of haemosiderin deposition on late MRI. Of 106 haemorrhages in 78 patients on CT at the time of injury, 96 (90 %) were visible as haemosiderin on late MRI. Of the old haemorrhages without haemosiderin, seven of ten were in patients where another haemorrhage with haemosiderin was still visible elsewhere in the brain. No patient or haemorrhage features explained the formation or absence of haemosiderin. Thus about 10 % of definite haematomas show no trace of haemosiderin on routine spin-echo MRI. Radiologists should be alerted to supplement routine spin-echo with gradient-echo sequences if there is a reason to suspect, or specifically exclude, prior haemorrhage.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Optic glioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serial MRI over 60 months demonstrated regression after biopsy of a pilocytic opticochiasmatic astrocytoma in a 20-year-old woman with no signs of neurofibromatosis, together with improvement in vision. The patient did not receive radio- or chemotherapy. Close MRI follow-up of optic gliomas is recommended. Aggressive treatment should be limited to cases with clear clinical and radiological progression.
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  • 70
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 360-362 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cyst, cavum septi pellucidi ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 20-year-old woman with secondary amenorrhoea and an empty sella turcica was found to have a cyst of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) on MRI. The cyst had regressed spontaneously on follow-up MRI.
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  • 71
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 403-405 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Worster-Drought syndrome ; Perisylvian syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a patient with the Worster-Drought syndrome (congenital suprabulbar paresis), thought to be a failure of development of the corticobulbar tracts. MRI showed bilateral perisylvian cortical dysplasia.
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  • 72
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 406-412 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lymphoma, primary central nervous system ; Chemotherapy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract On MRI, primary brain tumors are commonly seen as contrast-enhancing masses surrounded by areas of abnormal signal on T2-weighted images. Following successful treatment tumors may no longer show contrast enhancement. The residual abnormalities are assumed to be represent “edema” and infiltrating tumor cells. We report nine patients with primary lymphoma of the central nervous system who had complete responses to intravenous methotrexate, but did not receive intrathecal chemotherapy or cranial irradiation. After complete resolution of contrast-enhancing lesions, persistent abnormalities on T2-weighted images in the region of prior tumor were initially assumed to reflect residual viable tumor. As they remained unchanged for years, however, this may not hold true in the cases in which primary central nervous system lymphoma responds to chemotherapy alone.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lymphomatosis intravascular ; Infarcts, brain haemorrhagic ; Venous occlusion ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of intravascular lymphomatosis of the brain with 8 months' follow-up and fatal outcome. Several MRI investigations revealed variegated, rapidly changing infarct-like lesions and invasion of the walls of the superior sagittal sinus and deep veins. When disturbances of the venous outflow are detected with multifocal infarct-like lesions, intravascular lymphomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Brain biopsy may ensure the proper diagnosis ante mortem, but failure of biopsy is frequent, as in our case.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine lumbar ; Nucleus pulposus, herniated ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A lumbar intervertebral disc with a herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) often exhibits a decrease in the height of the intervertebral space. Our purpose was to ascertain whether the loss of volume of an HNP is sufficient to cause a perceptible decrease in the height of the intervertebral space. MRI of 44 patients with 51 HNPs were reviewed. The volumes of the herniated material and of the intervertebral discs were calculated for every level from L 1–2 to L 5–S 1. The average volume of the HNP was 503 ± 301 mm3. The average volumes of all 220 intervertebral discs and of the 127 normal-appearing discs were 14 442 ± 4200 mm3 and 17 476 ± 2885 mm3 respectively. The average volume of the HNP represented 3.5 % of the parent disc. An average HNP caused a decrease in intervertebral space height of 0.35 mm (0.56 pixels). Therefore, the loss of the volume of the HNP does not cause a significant decrease in the intervertebral space height. The average calculated decrease in the disc height is less than that reported in normal diurnal variation.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dermoid tumor ; spinal ; Syringomyelia ; Fat ; free ; Meningitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cranial and spinal MRI was carried out at 0.5 or 1.5 T in five patients with spinal dermoid tumours. Free fatty material was appreciated within the normally communicating cerebrospinal fluid pathways in all five cases and in one case fat droplets were also observed within a dilated central canal of the spinal cord. While dissemination of lipid within the subarachnoid space and ventricles is easily understandable, the presence of lipid droplets within the central canal is more difficult to explain, since the central canal is only potential in the adult. When a dermoid tumor is suspected, we recommend MRI of the entire central nervous system, to detect possible leakage of fat from rupture of a cystic portion of the tumour.
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  • 76
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 586-590 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; Subdural haematoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present MRI findings in three patients with acute spontaneous subdural haematomas of the spine. Acute haematomas (1–3 days) were isointense or gave slightly high signal on T1- and heterogeneous signal on T2-weighted images. MRI precisely defined the level and extent of the haematoma preoperatively. The MRI was prospectively correctly interpreted as acute subdural haematomas in all patients. As a specific, noninvasive modality, MRI is the preferred imaging technique in this rare clinical entity.
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  • 77
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 746-748 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Granulation, arachnoid ; Sinuses, venous ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance venography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report CT, MRI and angiographic findings of an arachnoid granulation in the straight sinus in a young man. Its density and signal intensity were isodense and isointense with cerebrospinal fluid on CT and MRI, respectively. The lesion appeared as a filling defect on MR venography and conventional angiography.
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  • 78
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 874-880 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Gadolinium-containing contrast medium ; Myelocisternography ; Cerebrospinal fluid leakage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge of the exact site of leakage of cerebrospinal fluid CSF leakage is important for planning surgery. We report our experience with myelocisternography with Gd-DTPA. We decided that intrathecal use of this contrast medium was justified in selected cases when other techniques have failed. After we had given detailed information to four patients with CSF leakage, they underwent five examinations. The images were interpreted by comparing those before and after injection. In all cases the contrast medium arrived at the basal cisterns, giving high contrast against adjacent structures. All patients tolerated the examination without complications or any indication of side effects.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary ; Hypophysitis, granulomatous ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology; few cases are reported. We review the clinical presentation and radiological characteristics of these cases and our own experience with three new surgical cases, to determine diagnostic criteria. MRI of three cases revealed sellar lesions extending into the chiasmatic cistern. Their shape varied, from dumbbell to spherical and elliptical. All were isointense with the brain on T1-weighted images and gave heterogeneously high signal on T2-weighted images. Contrast enhancement was homogeneous in one case and heterogeneous in another. The pituitary stalk could not be identified. There was no dural enhancement. The sphenoid sinus mucosa was thickened in two cases and normal in one.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Carcinoma nasopharyngeal ; Radionecrosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined nine patients with histologically proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), treated with radiotherapy, using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI). In eight there was clinical evidence of radionecrosis of the temporal lobe, and one was examined for local recurrence in the nasopharynx. All patients had either high-signal finger-like or cystic lesions in the temporal lobes on T2-weighted images. Heterogeneous contrast enhancement occurred in all patients. Relative regional cerebral blood volume (rrCBV) mapping revealed marked hypoperfusion in all patients. One underwent bilateral temporal lobectomy and radionecrosis was confirmed histologically.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetisation transfer ; Normal-pressure hydrocephalus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We measured the magnetisation transfer ratios (MTR) of normal-appearing rostral (PR) and caudal (PC) periventricular white matter, the genu (CG) and the splenium (CS) of the corpus callosum and the thalamus (TH) in 12 patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and compared them with 16 healthy control subjects. We found a significantly lower MTR in the NPH group than in the normal group for PR, PC, CG, and CS but not for TH. MT measurements give additional information which cannot be gained by conventional MRI, suggesting that NPH is associated with diffuse white matter damage, even in normal-appearing cerebral white matter.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast-enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to determine whether triple-dose delayed contrast-enhanced images would improve lesion detection in patients with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We reviewed 33 MRI studies on 29 patients. Single-dose immediate T 1-weighted spin-echo (1x-T 1) images were compared with delayed triple-dose images (D3x-T 1). Two neuroradiologists decided which technique showed more lesions, increased lesion conspicuity and/or altered the radiologic diagnosis. The D3x-T 1 technique improved lesion detection in 14 of 29 patients (48 %). In two patients (7 %), the improvement changed the radiologic diagnosis by showing new meningeal lesions.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Schwannoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intramedullary spinal schwannomas are uncommon. We report a solitary cervical intramedullary schwannoma shown by MRI and treated surgically, and review 12 previous cases with MRI. MRI findings and pathogenesis are discussed.
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  • 84
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 285-289 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lymphoma ; malignant ; Sinus ; maxillary ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the CT and MRI of seven patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus to find if there are characteristic imaging findings suggestive of the disease. The images were analysed for appearance, size, signal, internal characteristics, extent of tumour, bone change and lymph node enlargement. In two patients, the tumour first presented with mucosal thickening. In the remaining five, the tumours were an expansile mass 4–6 cm in diameter at the time of detection. Although it was difficult to distinguish tumour from mucosa or obstructed fluid on CT, T2-weighted MRI enabled us to separate tumour from normal mucosa or fluid. In two patients, the tumours were heterogeneous. Calcification and haemorrhage were observed in one patient. Periantral soft-tissue infiltration was always present, even when tumour appeared as slight mucosal thickening. Posterior extension was seen in all patients. Permeative and lytic bone destruction accompanied most cases of periantral soft-tissue infiltration; mixed destruction and sclerosis was also observed. Mucosal thickening with periantral soft-tissue infiltration may suggest malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in its early form. Various types of bone change may accompany the periantral soft-tissue infiltration.
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  • 85
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 346-351 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Epilepsy ; Mesial temporal sclerosis ; Thalamus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the preoperative images of 28 patients with pathologically proven mesial temporal sclerosis, to assess thalamic asymmetry and signal change. A further 25 nonsurgical patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and unequivocal, unilateral changes of mesial temporal sclerosis, and 20 controls, were also reviewed. None of the control group had unequivocal asymmetry of the thalamus. There was an ipsilateral asymmetrically small thalamus in five (18 %) of the surgical group and in three (12 %) of the nonsurgical patients. In four cases there was thalamic signal change. In three patients with thalamic volume loss there was ipsilateral hemiatrophy. All patients with an asymmetrically small thalamus had an asymmetrically small fornix and all but one a small ipsilateral mamillary body.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Tumour malignant rhabdoid ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a mass in the left cerebral hemisphere of a 20-year-old man. Histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of the tumour were consistent with primary malignant rhabdoid tumour. The age of presentation, imaging features prior to histological examination, and prognosis in this case were unusual.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Corpus callosum ; White matter lesions ; Cerebral ischaemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Many studies of white matter high signal (WMHS) on T2-weighted MRI have disclosed that it is related to cerebral ischaemia and to brain atrophy. Atrophy of the corpus callosum (CC) has also been studied in relation to ischaemia. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that CC atrophy could be due to ischaemia. We therefore assessed CC, WMHS and brain atrophy in patients with risk factors without strokes (the risk factor group) and in those with infarcts (the infarct group), to investigate the relationships between these factors. We studied 30 patients in the infarct group, 14 in the risk factor group, and 29 normal subjects. Using axial T1-weighted MRI, cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement (brain atrophy) were visually rated. Using axial T2-weighted MRI, WMHS was assessed in three categories: periventricular symmetrical, periventricular asymmetrical and subcortical. Using the mid-sagittal T1-weighted image, the CC was measured in its anterior, posterior, midanterior and midposterior portions. In the normal group, no correlations were noted between parameters. In the infarct group, there were significant correlations between CC and brain atrophy, and between CC atrophy and WMHS. After removing the effects of age, gender and brain atrophy, significant correlations were noted between some CC measures and subcortical WMHS. In the risk factor group, there were significant correlations between CC and brain atrophy and between CC atrophy and WMHS. After allowance for age, gender and brain atrophy, significant correlations between some CC measures and periventricular WMHS remained. The hypothesis that CC atrophy could be due to cerebral ischaemia was supported by other analyses. Namely, for correlations between the extent of infarcts and partial CC atrophy in patients with anterior middle cerebral artery (MCA) and with posterior MCA infarcts, there were significant correlations between the extent of infarct and midanterior CC atrophy in the former, and posterior CC atrophy in the latter. Our findings could indicate that CC atrophy is associated with cerebral ischaemia.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain, growth and development ; Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 11 patients, clinically and radiographically diagnosed as having the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) by MRI. There were four females and seven males, aged 3–51 years (mean 21 years). Two had clear asymmetry of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. The thickness of the grey matter was normal, without sulcation abnormalities, but the thickness of the white matter was increased; the size of the ipsilateral ventricle was normal. These patients had hypertrophy of the leg and a cutaneous haemangioma on the same side as the brain abnormality. No patient had an intracranial vascular malformation, unilateral megalencephaly, cerebral atrophy or hydrocephalus. The prevalence of cerebral hemihypertrophy in our series of patients with KTS was thus 18 %.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dysplasia focal cortical ; Epilepsy, temporal lobe ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Single-photon emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe serial studies of focal cortical dysplasia causing temporal lobe seizures and progressive aphasia in a 54-year-old woman. Initially, MRI volumetry of the temporal lobes showed significant left cortical thickening corresponding to an elevated aminoacid uptake in the left temporoparietal and inferior frontal cortex on SPECT using 3-[123I]iodo-α-methyl-l-tyrosine (IMT). After 1 year there was severe shrinkage of the left temporal lobe, possibly the result of recurrent complex partial seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 448-450 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Fluid, cerebrospinal, contrast enhancement ; Meningitis, spirochaetal ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two patients with meningitis due to spirochaetal infection, both of whom showed diffusely enhancing meninges around the brain and spinal cord. In addition, there was enhancement of the cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
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    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 458-461 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine, primary neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present two rare lumbar lesions with similar MRI features: high signal on T1-weighted and proton density images and low signal on T2-weighted images; a melanotic schwannoma, and a giant-cell tumour-like lesion. Melanin in the first case and haemosiderin and metahaemoglobin in the second were responsible for the MRI characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
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    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 466-468 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Orbit ; Schwannoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The literature on MRI of orbital schwannomas is limited. The appearances in three patients with an orbital schwannoma were reviewed. A superior orbitotomy through a subfrontal craniotomy revealed a schwannoma in all cases. MRI characteristics of very low signal on T 1-weighted images and homogeneous postcontrast enhancement may be helpful for differentiating schwannomas from other intraconal masses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Infarcts ; brain ; Basal ganglia ; Cerebellum ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; T1 shortening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to investigate nonhaemorrhagic infarcts with a short T1 in the cerebellum and basal ganglia. We carried out repeat MRI on 12 patients with infarcts in the cerebellum or basal ganglia with a short T1. Cerebellar cortical lesions showed high signal on T1-weighted spin-echo images beginning at 2 weeks, which became prominent from 3 weeks to 2 months, and persisted for as long as 14 months after the ictus. The basal ganglia lesions demonstrated slightly high signal from a week after the ictus, which became more intense thereafter. Signal intensity began to fade gradually after 2 months. High signal could be seen at the periphery until 5 months, and then disappeared, while low or isointense signal, seen in the central portion from day 20, persisted thereafter.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Diffusion-weighted imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI in the cerebral white matter of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and age-matched normal subjects. In PSP, ADC in the prefrontal and precentral white matter was significantly higher than in controls. There was no significant difference in signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The ADC did correlate with signal intensity. The distribution of the elevation of ADC may be the consequence of underlying pathological changes, such as neurofibrillary tangles or glial fibrillary tangles in the cortex. Our findings suggest that ADC measurement might be useful for demonstrating subtle neuropathological changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
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    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 881-884 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Virchow-Robin spaces ; Midbrain ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe two patients with mild ventricular dilatation, shown to have cystic spaces in the midbrain, which we interpreted as greatly enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces. We discuss the pathophysiology and the possible relations to the mild hydrocephalus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Immunoglobulin G
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 13 patients (aged 22 to 54 years) with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). They were randomly assigned to receive a loading dose of immunoglobulin IgG, 0.4 g/kg body weight/day for 5 consecutive days, followed by single booster doses of 0.4 g/kg/day, or placebo, once a month for 9 months. MRI was obtained before and during the 3rd and 6th months of treatment; examinations in the 9th and 12th months were planned. Qualitative and quantitative blinded assessments were performed. There were seven patients who received active treatment and six who received placebo. Statistical analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon test. A decrease in the size and number of lesions was observed on MRI in five patients (71 %) in the treatment group, and in two (33 %) of the placebo group at 3-month follow-up. At 6 months follow-up MRI, a decrease in the amount of lesions was observed in all patients treated with IV IgG, and in two (33 %) of the placebo group; four patients (66 %) receiving placebo showed an increase. Quantitative analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in the volume of lesions in treatment group at both 3 and 6 month follow-up. There was no statistically significant change in the placebo group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Chemotherapy ; Cytarabine ; Cyclophosphamide ; Adriamycin ; Leukoencephalopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a young woman with Burkitt's lymphoma, treated with intravenous adriamycine and cyclophosphamide and intrathecal cytarabine. She developed a reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) with typical MRI findings. Diffusion-weighted images during the first days after the onset of symptoms predicted a small irreversible lesion in the frontal lobe, verified on T2-weighted images 1 month later. The patient showed full recovery after high-dose steroid treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 913-916 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The most common pattern in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, is in the cerebral hemisphere white matter on T2-weighted images with or without atrophy. Brain-stem lesions are rare. We report brain-stem involvement in two children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. A peculiar pattern, with involvement of the pons with extension to both middle cerebellar peduncles and substantia nigra but sparing the pontine tegmentum, is suggested.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral palsy ; Birth asphyxia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Single-photon emission computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the findings on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with perinatal asphyxia at term, with perirolandic cortico-subcortical changes on MRI, and to correlate them with clinical features. SPECT of 7 patients was obtained after injection of 185–370 MBq of Tc-99m-ECD (ethyl cysteinate dimer). The patients had spastic quadriplegia (7/7) with perinatal asphyxia (6/7) at term (7/7). The results were correlated with the MRI findings. Hypoperfusion of the perirolandic cortex was clearly seen on SPECT in all patients, even in two with subtle changes on MRI. SPECT demonstrated a more extensive area of involvement than MRI, notably in the cerebellum (in 4), the thalamus (in 7) and basal ganglia (in 5), where MRI failed to show any abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Nasu-Hakola disease ; Membranous lipodystrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report radiological features of a biopsy-proven early infantile form of Nasu-Hakola disease in two Tunisian sisters with new bony and cerebral findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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