Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 1985-1989  (230)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1989  (230)
  • Rat  (120)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (116)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disseminated human neurocysticercosis (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 594-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurocysticercosis ; Pathogenesis ; Histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was based on two cases of disseminated human neurocysticercosis from India. The material availabel was examined grossly, and by light microscopy, histochemistry, immunomorphology and electron microscopy. The results showed that the parasites commonly embolized to the anatomically discernable gray-white matter junction of the brain and were located in cavities, the walls of which were dilated vascular channels. The parasite-nutrition process was through endocytosis and microtrichal activity. To camouflage themselves from the host-defense mechanisms, the parasites apparently covered themselves with host-tissue-like material. Host reactivity to the parasite was heralded morphologically by the physical anchoring of the parasite by activated endothelial cells, loss of the host-tissue-like cover and an acute polymorphonuclear leucocytic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691286
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of nerve fibers showing substance P-like immunoreactivity in the conduction system of the bovine heart: dense innervation in the atrioventricular bundle (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Substance P ; Heart innervation ; Conduction system ; AV bundle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is limited information on the distribution of nerve fibers containing substance P (SP) in the heart conduction system. Therefore, in the present study, the various parts of the conduction system of the bovine heart were examined by the use of an SP-antiserum and immunohistochemistry. Nerve fibers showing SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) occurred in the proximities of conduction cells in all parts of the conduction system, but were present in greatly larger numbers in the AV bundle than in the other parts. The nerve fibers showed a predilection for certain regions of the bundles of conduction cells (Purkinje fiber bundles) in the AV bundle and the bundle branches and their ramifications. Nerve fibers showing SP-LI also occurred in the walls of the arteries and in association with some the ganglionic cells located in the regions of the conduction system. None of the ganglionic cells exhibited SP-LI. The observations are discussed in relation to what is known of the function of SP in the heart and of the distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers in the conduction system. As SP is regarded as a marker of afferent fibers the observations support the view that afferent nerve fibers are present throughout the conduction system. It is likely that the existence of a significant SP-innervation in the conduction system is of importance for the function of this part of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319591
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GABA-immunoreactive cells in the rat gastrointestinal epithelium (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: GABA ; Immunocytochemistry ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Epithelium ; Enteroendocrine cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen sections of the corpus ventriculi, antrum pyloricum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon from animals perfusion fixed with glutaraldehyde were treated with an antiserum specific for glutaraldehyde-fixed GABA and processed by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method. Semithin plastic sections from the antrum pyloricum were treated similarly. Stained cells appeared in the epithelium of all segments examined except the corpus ventriculi. The highest density of cells was observed along the major curvature of the antrum pyloricum. Here they were located in the bottom half of the gastric glands. Many of the cells showed a process extending towards the glandular lumen. No significant staining in the epithelium appeared when the antiserum was preincubated with glutaraldehyde-GABA complexes, nor when the anti-GABA serum was exchanged with anti-glycine or preimmune serum. The present findings and previous physiological data suggest that GABA may play a role in gut endocrine regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326586
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of electrical stimulation of the superior cervical ganglia on the number of “synaptic” ribbons and the activity of melatonin-forming enzymes in the rat pineal gland (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 341-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Melatonin synthesis ; Pineal gland ; Rat ; “Synaptic” ribbons ; Sympathetic stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Melatonin metabolism in the mammalian pineal gland is under the clear influence of sympathetic fibers originating in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Previous studies suggested that pineal “synaptic” ribbons (SR) as well are regulated by the gland's sympathetic innervation. To gain more insight into the mechanisms involved, we examined the effects of sympathetic stimulation on SR number and on the activity of melatonin forming enzymes, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydoxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). The SCG in adult male rats were stimulated electrically during daytime for either 15 or 120 min. Immediately following stimulation, the glands were removed and processed for electron microscopy and for the determination of NAT and HIOMT activities. No differences in pineal SR number, size or location were found in rats stimulated with either parameters when compared with sham-stimulated or control animals. While the activity of HIOMT remained unchanged, the activity of NAT was also unaltered following 15 min of stimulation, but was augmented approximately three-fold in animals stimulated for 120 min. It is concluded that if SR in the rat pineal gland are under sympathetic control, the regulation is different from that involved in melatonin formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305060
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal development of the corticospinal tract in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Corticospinal tract ; Development ; Myelination ; Pyramidal tract ; Anterograde tracing ; Electronmicroscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish-peroxidase was used to anterogradely label and thus to trace the growth of corticospinal axons in rats ranging in age from one day to six months. Three to eight HRP-gels were implanted in the left cerebral hemisphere of the cortex. In each spinal cord three levels were studied, the cervical intumescence (C5), the mid-thoracic region (T5) and the lumbar enlargement (L3). The methodology employed for the electron microscopic visualization of HRP has been described previously (Joosten et al. 1987a). The outgrowth of labelled unmyelinated corticospinal tract axons in the rat spinal cord primarily occurs during the first ten postnatal days. The outgrowth of the main weve of these fibres is preceded by a number of pathfinding axons, characterized by dilatations at their distal ends, the growth cones. By contrast, later appearing unmyelinated axons, which presumably grow along the pathfinding axons, do not exhibit such growth cones. The first labelled pioneer axons can be observed in the cervical intumescence at postnatal day one (P1), in the mid-thoracic region at day three (P3) and in the lumbar enlargement at day five (P5). Prior to the entrance of the axons, the prospective corticospinal area or the pre-arrival zone is composed of fascicles consisting of unlabelled, unmyelinated fibres surrounded by lucent amorphous structures. During the outgrowth phase of the corticospinal fibres some myelinated axons could be observed within the outgrowth area even before day 14. These axons, however, were never labelled. These findings strongly suggest that the outgrowth area, which is generally denoted as the pyramidal tract, contains other axons besides the corticospinal fibres (and glial cells). The process of myelination of the labelled corticospinal tract axons in the rat spinal cord starts rostrally (C5) at about day 14 and progresses caudally during the third and fourth postnatal weeks. Although myelination seems to be largely complete at day 28 at all three spinal cord levels, some labelled unmyelinated axons are still present in the adult stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319587
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of laminin in early chicken and quail blastoderms (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Laminin ; Basement membrane ; Avian embryos ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have used immunohistochemical techniques to study laminin in quail blastoderms milked from the oviduct and the distribution of laminin in laid chicken and quail blastoderms. Laminin is a constituent of the basement membrane in both chicken and quail blastoderms. It is found at the ventral side of the upper layer cells. Laminin is first observed under individual upper layer cells in prelaid quail blastoderms 15 h post-ovulation, but is absent at the ingression site of endophyll cells. The presence of a continuous laminin layer coincides with the epithelialization of the epiblast after 5–10 h incubation. The laminin layer is discontinuous at the primitive streak and at Hensen's node. It is thinner and partly discontinuous at the median part of the neural plate. By induction, either of an ectopic primitive streak or a neural plate, we have demonstrated, using the chicken-quail nucleolar marker technique, that at these sites the laminin layer is interrupted. A laminin layer might confer rigidity onto the epiblast, whereas disruption of a laminin layer seems to be correlated with ingression of cells or bending of the neural plate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321901
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal development of thyrotrophs in the rat anterior pituitary as studied by immunogold electron microscopy (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Thyrotroph (TSH cell) ; Anterior pituitary ; Immunogold electron microscopy ; Postnatal development ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyrotrophs (TSH cells) of the rat anterior pituitary identified by immunogold electron microscopy were classified into three subtypes according to their morphological characteristics: Immature type TSH cells are oval with a few small secretory granules (50–100 nm in diameter) and poorly developed cell organelles. These cells are frequently found in the neonatal stage between birth and 10 days of age. The intermediate type is polygonal or stellate, containing a moderate number of medium sized secretory granules (80–120 nm in diameter) and moderately or well developed cell organelles. Cells of this type are often found between 10 and 30 days of age. Mature type cells are large and polygonal in shape, and contain many large secretory granules (120–180 nm in diameter) and well developed cell organelles. Cells of the last type are frequently found at more than 30 days of age. At 45 days of age the mature type TSH cells make up about 70% of all TSH cells. The proportion of immature type cells was shown to decrease while the proportion of the mature type TSH cells increases, as the animal grows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309773
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptogenesis in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 243-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ; Synapse formation ; Synaptic glomerulus ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synapse formation and maturation were examined in the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) from birth to adulthood. Examination of animals, whose ages were closely spaced in time, showed that the maturation of the synaptic organization of the nucleus takes place chiefly during the first 3 weeks of postnatal life. This period of maturation may be divided into 3 broad stages. During the first stage, which spans the first 4 days of life, there are only a few immature synapses scattered throughout the nucleus; occasionally aggregates of 3 or 4 synapses are encountered. Dendrodendritic synapses first appear at the end of this stage. The second stage, which lasts from the end of the first stage through day 8, is characterized by intensive synaptogenesis as well as extensive growth and degeneration. For the first time, large boutons resembling retinal terminals form multiple synaptic contacts with dendrites and dendritic protrusions; these synaptic arrangements are partially covered by glial processes. A feature characteristic of the developing dLGN during the first 2 postnatal weeks, and particularly during the second stage, is the presence of membrane specializations that resemble vacant postsynaptic densities. These specializations, which may be unapposed or opposite another neuronal process, decrease in frequency as the number of synapses increases. It is not known whether these densities are converted to synapses or whether they result from loss of presynaptic elements. The third stage in the process of synaptogenesis, which spans a period between days 10 and 20, is characterized by myelination and by the diminution of growth cones, degenerating profiles and vacant postsynaptic densities. There is also a very significant increase in the number and maturation of synapses including synaptic glomeruli. However, it is not until the end of this stage that synapses appear qualitatively indistinguishable from synaptic arrangements identified in adult animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315883
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cadmium exposure during pregnancy on cadmium and zinc concentrations in neonatal liver and consequences for the offspring (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Zinc ; Neonate ; Thymus ; Birth weight ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cadmium exposure during pregnancy (by means of daily subcutaneous injections of 4.4 μmol/kg to the mother) on the neonates were investigated. No effect was observed on fetal or neonatal body weights, nor on neonatal liver weights. These parameters were examined up to 5 weeks after birth. The weight of neonatal thymuses was decreased 7 and 14 days after birth due to cadmium exposure of the mothers as compared with controls. This may be caused by zinc deficiency, because zinc concentrations in fetal and neonatal livers after cadmium exposure were found to be very low 20 days after conception and 5 h after birth. Cadmium concentration in neonatal liver decreased; however, cadmium in malignant liver increased as age increased. In the mother, cadmium was transferred to the milk, as it was demonstrated in the stomach contents of the pups. Simultaneous administration of zinc in amounts equimolar to cadmium did not have any noticeable effect on the amount of cadmium transferred to the fetus or on cadmium concentrations in any of the organs investigated. It could not prevent zinc deficiency in fetal and neonatal liver. In addition, growth retardation of the thymus from exposed pups could not be prevented by zinc administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334632
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of rats (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; Biogenic amines ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of single subcutaneous doses of sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D-Na) on biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in rat brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. After 200 mg/kg 2,4-D-Na, the cerebral concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was increased slightly and that of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) roughly 3-fold between 1 and 8 h after the administration. There was also a tendency towards slightly lowered dopamine (DA) levels. No statistically significant changes in brain concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) or tryptophan (TRY) were found. At the same time, however, the maximal increase in DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations in the CSF was 2.3–5.8-fold. The dependency of biogenic amines and metabolites on 2,4-D-Na dose was studied by injecting s.c. 0, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg and sacrificing the rats at 2 h. In the brain, there was a dose-dependent increase in concentrations of 5-HIAA (at the two highest doses) and HVA (at the highest dose) while in the CSF those of all three acidic metabolites increased at the two highest doses. The 10 mg/kg dose had no effect. The results agree with the hypothesis that 2,4-D inhibits the organic acid transport out of the brain, which should then result in increased cerebral levels of acidic metabolites of biogenic amines, but it may also have effects on the activity of serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316434
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of methylmercury on the synthesis of protein species in dorsal root ganglia of the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 226-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Methylmercury ; Protein synthesis ; Dorsal root ganglion ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dorsal root ganglia from control and methylmercury(MeHg)-treated rats were incubated in vitro with 35S-methionine ant the proteins synthesized were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The double labelling method, in which proteins of control dorsal root ganglia labelled in vitro with 3H-leucine were added to each of the two samples as an internal standard, was used to minimize unavoidable errors arising from the resolving procedure itself. The results obtained showed that the effect of MeHg on the synthesis of proteins in dorsal root ganglia was not uniform for individual protein species in the latent period of MeHg intoxication. Among 200 protein species investigated, 157 showed inhibition of synthesis close to that of the total proteins in the tissue (68% of the control). Among the remaining protein species, 20 showed real stimulation of synthesis, whereas 7 were moderately inhibited and 16 were inhibited more strongly than the total proteins in the tissue. These results suggest that the effect of MeHg on the synthetic rates for protein species in dorsal root ganglia differs with the species, and that unusual elevation or reduction of the synthesis of some protein species caused by MeHg may lead to impairment of normal nerve functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316373
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity study in rats of a tellurium based immunomodulating drug, AS-101: A potential drug for AIDS and cancer patients (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 386-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Tellurium ; Rat ; Toxicology ; Immunomodulator ; Drug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally for 4 weeks with ammonium trichloro (dioxyethylene-0-0′-) tellurate, an immunomodulating drug at closes ranging from 3 to 24 mg/kg/week. Routine laboratory examinations included body weight, food consumption, clinical chemistry and hematological examinations. At termination of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and subjected to a detailed necropsy. Few mortalities were recorded during the course of the study. Clinical signs included hind limb paresis and paraphimosis. A garlic odor pervaded the room. Body weight and food consumption were adversely affected in a dose-related manner. Effects were elicited on the hematological system; changes being noted in the platelet and leukocyte counts as well. Clinical chemistry evaluation revealed signs of hepatoxicity, especially in the female treated groups. The level of beta-globulin was increased. At necropsy organs were found to have a grayish-blue discoloration. Tellurium related histopathological changes were observed in the eyes, liver, thymus, bone marrow, heart and kidneys. An attempt has been made to compare the toxicity of this drug with other tellurium-containing compounds. A good correlation was found. Novel effects of the drug were retinopathy and replacement of bone marrow by bony or fibrous tissue. The possibility that some of the effects may have been elicited due to selenium-vitamin E deficiency has been considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303128
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurochemical correlates of behavioural responses to frustrative nonreward in the rat: implications for the role of central noradrenergic neurones in behavioural adaptation to stress (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Extincton ; Nonreward ; Adrenoceptor ; Noradrenaline ; Stress ; Sympathetic nervous system ; 6-hydroxydopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We tested whether the stress of nonreward has neurochemical effects on noradrenergic neurones which resemble those reported for other forms of stress. Rats trained to run in a straight runway for food reward were subjected to either 1 or 10 extinction trials. Half the rats in each group were injected before the start of acquisition with IP 6-hydroxydopamine to deplete peripheral noradrenaline stores. All animals were killed immediately after their final test in the runway, together with untrained controls. Noradenaline depletion had no behavioural or neurochemical effects. The rate of extinction in the 10-trial group, which was indexed by the slope of the linear regression of running time on trial, correlated negatively with both alpha2 and beta-adrenoceptor number (Bmax). There were no differences between groups in cerebral cortical noradrenaline content, or alpha2 or beta-adrenoceptor binding. These results substantially conflict with those predicted from Stone's hypothesis relating beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity to the behavioural response to stress. A further finding was that alpha2, but not beta-adrenoceptor number, negatively correlated with levels of noradrenaline in the tissue, suggesting that noradrenaline is less involved in the regulation of beta than in that of alpha2-adrenoceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248536
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative autoradiographic characterization of l-[3H] glutamate binding sites in rat vestibular nuclei (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 646-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Glutamate binding sites ; Autoradiography ; Vestibular nuclei ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative autoradiography has been used to characterize l-[3H] glutamate binding sites and to describe their distribution in frozen sections of rat vestibular nuclei. Scatchard plots and Hill coefficients of glutamate binding suggest that glutamate interacts with a single population of sites having a KD of about 126 nM and a capacity of 2.5 pmol/mg of protein. Although the level of glutamate binding was not very high compared to the highest levels described for some other brain regions, it was nonetheless substantial. The sites were distributed unevenly in the four vestibular nuclei and their distribution correlated well with the projection areas of the vestibular nerve, which has been described as a glutamate-mediated pathway. The highest numbers of glutamate binding sites were observed in the medial vestibular nuclei. This technique provides a very sensitive assay for characterizing the pharmacological subtypes of glutamate binding in the vestibular nuclei and for analyzing changes in these sites during development or after deafferentation of the vestibular nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248920
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medial preoptic islands in the rat brain: electron microscopic evidence for intrinsic synapses (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Preoptic area ; Intrinsic neuron ; GABA ; Local neuron ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurons intrinsic to the preoptic area might participate in the control of neuroendocrine or behavioral events. To determine their existence and features, we deafferented the preoptic area of female rats, using completely circumscribing cuts with a Halasz knife. Despite obvious signs of degeneration of synapses originating from nerve cell bodies outside the preoptic island, some synapses survived complete deafferentation. We saw synaptic contacts not only on the neuronal cell body, but also on the dendritic shaft and spine. There were no peculiar morphological features, as might suggest unique physiologic functions of these intrinsic synapses. The prominence of intrinsic synapses in the preoptic area suggests that, in addition to hormone effects on preoptic neurons, and long ascending afferents, intrinsic synapses might play significant roles in neuroendocrine controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274986
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Met- and leu-enkephalins inhibit rat cortical neurons intracellularly recorded in vivo while morphine excites them: evidence for naloxone-sensitive and naloxone-insensitive effects (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 302-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Met- and leu-enkephalin ; Morphine ; Cortex ; Intracellular recordings ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The action of enkephalin-analogues (D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin and D-ala2-D-metenkephalin) and morphine, iontophoretically applied, was tested on rat cortical neurons intracellularly recorded “in vivo”. Inhibition of cellular excitability of 60% of the tested cells followed the iontophoretic administration of opioid peptides. 50% of the inhibited cells were also hyperpolarized. The amplitude of membrane hyperpolarization was related to the value of the membrane potential. In 13 out of the 30 inhibited cells the change in membrane input resistance was measured; the input resistance was decreased by 30%. In 8 cells, hyperpolarized by the opioid peptides, the depolarizing postsynaptic potentials, evoked by cortical stimulation, were also reduced in amplitude. Naloxone, iontophoretically applied, reversed and/or prevented the peptide responses. On the same neurons, morphine induced a bursting pattern of spiking activity and increased the membrane input resistance: this action was naloxone-insensitive. The reported results suggest that opioid peptides and morphine activate, respectively, naloxone-sensitive and naloxone-insensitive mechanisms on the same cortical neurons, leading to different and, in some respect, opposite effects on the neuronal activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274987
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired reference memory and reduced glutamergic activity in rats with temporo-entorhinal connections disrupted (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 499-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Temporal/entorhinal area ; Memory processing ; Neurotransmitters ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether effects of temporo-entorhinal disconnections on acquisition and retention of a visual discrimination task might be associated with neurochemical dysfunctions. The results revealed that the present lesions impaired both acquisition and retention of the discrimination task. This impairment was accompanied by decreased glutamergic activity in both temporal and entorhinal cortices. No changes were seen in levels of acetylcholine or GABA. Further, the distribution of glutamate/ aspartate was related to both regional and hemispheric differences. The results are discussed in terms of a highly integrative role of the lateral entorhinal cortex and in terms of other putative neurotransmitter systems involved in the function of memory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249603
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-dependent potassium current following penicillin-induced epileptiform discharges in the hippocampal slice (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 646-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Experimental epilepsy ; Paroxysmal depolarization shift ; Afterpotential ; Penicillin ; Ca2+-activated potassium ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Penicillin-induced paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDS) are followed by prolonged afterhyperpolarizations of about 2 seconds duration. Intracellular injection of EGTA blocked a late component of the afterhyperpolarizations; an early one lasting up to one second was only slightly reduced by EGTA. It is concluded that afterhyperpolarizations following penicillininduced PDS comprise different components: an initial one lasting up to one second which is not Ca2+-dependent and a slow one lasting up to two seconds which is caused by a Ca2+-dependent K+ current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230253
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local circuit neurons in both the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn establish synaptic connections with principal neurons in five day old rats: a morphological basis for inhibition in early development (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Inhibition ; Hippocampal formation ; Development ; GABAergic neurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-positive and Golgi impregnated local circuit neurons of the hippocampal formation of five day old rats were examined in light and electron microscopic preparations. The ultrastructural features of these neurons were similar in both the dentate gyrus and CA1 area of Ammon's horn. Somata displayed a perikaryal cytoplasm rich in organelles but lacked organized Nissl bodies. Most nuclei showed intranuclear infoldings of varying degrees but no intranuclear sheets or rods were found. Somata and dendrites were contacted by relatively immature axon terminals that formed mainly symmetric synapses. The axons of local circuit neurons in both the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn formed symmetric synapses with somata and dendrites of the principal neurons in these regions. Thus, both GAD-positive and Golgi-impregnated terminals of local circuit neurons were observed to form synapses with pyramidal and granule cells. These terminals were usually small and contained relatively few pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. The results show that a circuitry for inhibition is established in the 5 day old dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn, even though the local circuit neurons lack some of the typical adult ultrastructural features at this age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230680
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexistence of glucocorticoid receptor-like immunoreactivity with neuropeptides in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 33-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Steroid receptor ; CRF ; Neurotensin ; Enkephalin ; CCK ; PHI ; VIP ; Somatostatin ; TRH ; Dopamine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Arcuate nucleus ; Hormones ; Neurosecretion ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of male albino rats was analyzed for the presence of glucocorticoid receptor-like immunoreactivity (GR-LI) in neuropeptide containing neurons. Using immunohistochemistry, coronal sections trough the entire PVN were double-stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against GR and one of the following antisera: rabbit antiserum to corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), neurotensin (NT), enkephalin (ENK), cholecystokinin (CCK), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), galanin (GAL), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SOM) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). For comparison the occurrence of GR-LI in NT-, SOM-, NPY- or TH-positive neurons of the arcuate nucleus was also studied. Our results indicate that GR-LI is present in the parvocellular part of the PVN but not in its magnocellular portion. Virtually every parvocellular neuron in the PVN containing one of the above mentioned peptides was also positive for GR, with the exception of SOM neurons, of which only about two thirds showed detectable levels of GR-LI. All TH-positive, presumably dopamine neurons in the PVN were GR-positive. In the arcuate nucleus all TH- and NPY-positive neurons as well as a large proportion of the SOM- and NT-immunoreactive neurons contained GR-LI. The results indicate that in the PVN, in addition to the CRF neurons, certain peptidergic neurons in the parvocellular part of the PVN, without any established role in the control of ACTH synthesis and release, may also be under glucocorticoid control. This seems to be the case also for most arcuate neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230684
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Similarities between aberrant serotonergic fibers in the aged and 5,7-DHT denervated young adult rat brain (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Aging ; Serotonin ; Degeneration ; 5,7-DHT ; Lesion ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent morphological observations have suggested neurotransmitter specific degeneration of amongst others, the serotonergic system in the aged rat brain. However, morphological studies can only give a static picture of the events that take place over a period of several months. In the present study we used an experimental model in which degeneration of the serotonergic system in the young adult rat brain was produced on a short time scale. Morphological changes were studied 2 h and 1 or 14 days after intracerebroventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Nonspecific damage and severe depletion of serotonergic fibers was observed in the immediate surroundings of the injection site, representing the effects of high local concentrations of 5,7-DHT. Sometime after injection swollen varicosities and dilated non-varicose fibers were observed. Fourteen days after the 5,7-DHT treatment cluster-like fibers appeared. It is argued that these swollen and crumpled fiber knots are slowly degenerating fibers. A comparison is made with the abnormal serotonergic fibers in the aged rat brain and it is concluded that these aged abnormal fibers represent axonal degeneration of the serotonergic system in the senescent rat brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230689
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow synaptic inhibition in relation to frequency habituation in dentate granule cells of rat hippocampal slices (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hoppocampus ; Granule cells ; Long lasting inhibition ; Frequency habituation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In paired pulse stimulation experiments the mechanism underlying frequency habituation of postsynaptic potentials in dentate granule cells of rat hippocampal slices was studied by measuring extra and intracellular potentials as well as changes in extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]0) and potassium concentrations ([K+]0). Orthodromic stimulation of the perforant path induced in most granule cells a late, slow hyperpolarization (SH), lasting for up to 1.2 s. During the SH the membrane conductance was increased by up to 40%. The reversal potential of the SH was around -90 mV and varied with the [K+]0. Frequency habituation was seen in all cells with the SH, whereas cells which display frequency potentiation had no SH. Lowering of [Ca2+]0 reversed paired pulse induced frequency habituation into frequency potentiation at [Ca2+]0 levels where the SH disappeared. Phaclofen blocked the SH and reversed frequency habituation into frequency potentiation. Elevating [Mg2+]0 also reversed frequency habituation into frequency potentiation and reduced the SH. We conclude that the SH represents a late, slow IPSP which is responsible for frequency habituation in dentate granule cells. We noted that during repetitive stimulation the SH soon started to fade. This effect can in part be attributed to extracellular K+-accumulation as suggested by the K+-dependence of the slow IPSP and the observations of changes in [K+]0 during repetitive stimulation. This could explain why frequency habituation reverses into frequency potentiation during repetitive stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228895
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mossy fiber synapses on glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons: evidence for feed-forward inhibition in the CA3 region of the hippocampus (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampal mossy fibers ; GABAergicneurons ; GABAergic inhibition ; EM immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mossy fibers are known to form excitatory synapses on pyramidal neurons in regio inferior of the hippocampus. This study demonstrates that the mossy fibers also establish synaptic contacts with glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive, supposedly GABAergic inhibitory neurons in the CA3 region. The observed connection provides a morphological basis for feed-forward inhibition of the pyramidal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247950
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual cells in the raphe nuclei of the medulla oblongata in rat that contain immunoreactivities for both serotonin and enkephalin project to the spinal cord (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 536-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: 5-hydroxytryptamine ; Opioid peptide ; Colocalization ; Ventral medulla ; Bulbo-spinal projection ; Fluoro-gold dye ; Retrograde transport ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventral medulla oblongata of rats was analyzed with a double-labelling immunofiuorescence technique using guinea pig antibodies directed against serotonin (5-HT) and rabbit antisera directed against enkephalin (ENK). Numerous cells in the region of nucleus raphe obscurus, nucleus raphe pallidus and nucleus raphe magnus showed immuno-staining for either 5-HT or ENK. A substantial number of cells showed positive immunostaining for both 5-HT and ENK. 5-HT/ENK double-labelled cells were most frequently encountered in an area that extended from the rostral aspect of the inferior olivary nucleus to the pontomedullary border. This region corresponds anatomically to nucleus raphe magnus/nucleus paragigantocellularis. In addition, a number of the 5-HT/ENK-containing cells were retrogradely labelled with Fluoro-Gold dye that had been injected into the thoracic spinal cord several days prior to perfusion. Schematic drawings showing the anatomical distribution of 5-HT/ENK colocalization are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249904
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projection from the thalamic intralaminar nuclei on the isocortex of the rat: a surface potential study (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 543-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Intralaminar nuclei ; Cortical projection ; Arousal ; Pain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cortical surface potentials evoked from thalamic intralaminar nuclei have been studied in rats anaesthetized with chloralose. Stimulation with low current intensity in central lateral nucleus (CL), evoked potentials in large areas of the rat isocortex. In the posterior parietal cortex responses with a short latency negativity were evoked which followed high frequency repetitive stimulation. Its latency and ability to follow high frequency stimulation indicated a monosynaptic connection from CL to this part of the cortex. The short latency potential was followed by a second negativity with longer latency and varying amplitude. This second negativity did not follow repetitive stimulation exceeding 10 Hz, and was also reduced by supplementary doses of anaesthetics, indicating a polysynaptic origin. Stimulation at different CL sites elicited cortical potentials with short latency in a topographical pattern. Laminar analysis in the parietal and motor cortex suggested both a superficial and a deep layer termination of afferents from CL. Similar topografical relations and afferent layer distributions have previously been found in cats. The role of the thalamocortical projection from CL to parietal cortex in arousal, attention and pain mechanisms is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249905
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cholinergic innervation of the rat cerebral cortex shows two distinct phases in development (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 417-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Choline acetyltransferase ; Cerebral cortex ; Immunohistochemistry ; Development ; Transient expression ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cholinergic innervation of the rat cerebral cortex was examined in pre- and postnatal life using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody directed against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Our observations show that there are two separate phases in the development of the cholinergic innervation of the rat neocortex. The first, a transient phase, occurs in the late stages of gestation and in the perinatal period. During this time, ChAT-labelled cells (neuroblasts, as well as immature pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons) are present throughout the entire rostro-caudal extent of the primordial cortex. The fate of these cells, which are not visible shortly after birth, is unknwon as is their functional role in the developing cortex. The second phase in the development of the cholinergic innervation begins in the middle of the second postnatal week. At this stage only a few faintly stained neurons and fibres appear in the cortex. Their numbers and staining intensity increase gradually until the fifth postnatal week when ChAT-labelled neurons and axonal arbours appear indistinguishable from their adult counterparts. The pattern of development observed in the second phase parallels closely that shown in a recent analysis of cortical ChAT activity during postnatal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247899
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane potential and impedance changes in hippocampal pyramidal cells during theta rhythm (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Intracellular recordings ; Membrane potential ; Input impedance ; Hippocampal pyramidal cells ; Theta rhythm ; Urethane ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular recordings were made from hippocampal pyramidal cells identified by their depths and their responses to commissural stimulation. Recordings were made during spontaneous bouts of hippocampal theta rhythm in urethane anesthetized rats. Membrane potentials (V m) of pyramidal cells varied with the phase of the theta rhythm, that is, there was an “intracellular theta rhythm”. The changes in V m averaged about 2 mV peak to peak. Averaged intracellular theta waves showed that CA1 pyramids were most depolarized at the time of the positive peak of the extracellular theta rhythm recorded in (and superficial to) the CA1 pyramidal cell layer (CA1 theta). Peak depolarizations for CA3/4 pyramids were more broadly distributed, but occurred mainly in the interval just before the positive peak to just before the negative peak of the CA1 theta. Input impedance minima that were measurable at frequencies as high as 100 Hz occurred at about the same phases of the extracellular theta rhythm as the peak depolarizations (positive-going zero crossing to negative-going zero crossing of the CA1 theta). Such impedance changes imply conductance changes on the soma. The magnitude and localization of the conductance changes suggests that somatic IPSPs make major contributions to the intracellular theta rhythm. The phase relation between the intracellular and extracellular theta rhythms could be reversed by long duration current pulses that depolarized the cells slightly. This implies that either the intracellular theta-related IPSPs are depolarizing potential changes, or that they occur simultaneously with EPSPs. The phase of the intracellular theta rhythm was generally unaffected by long duration hyperpolarizing current pulses. Chloride leakage that reversed the evoked IPSPs usually had no effect on the phase of the intracellular theta rhythm, although in one case it appeared to cause its amplitude to increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274985
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular organization and development of slice cultures from rat visual cortex (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 234-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Development ; Visual cortex ; Slicecultures ; Pyramidal cells ; GABA immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Slice cultures from the visual cortex of young rats were prepared using the roller culture technique (Gähwiler 1984). After 10 days in vitro the cortical cultures flattened to 1–3 cell layers, surviving for up to 12 weeks. The cultures were organotypically organized, the typical layered structure of the cortex was preserved. The neuronal composition of slice cultures was studied using intracellular staining, Golgi impregnation and GABA immunohistochemistry. Both pyramidal cells and several types of nonpyramidal cells were identified in the slice cultures. Electrophysiological recordings showed that the electrical properties of cells in culture were similar to those measured in acute slice preparations; for some cells, however, the spontaneous activity was higher. The maintained activity was strongly increased by application of the GABA antagonist bicuculline and decreased by GABA, suggesting that GABAergic inhibition is present in these preparations. We could observe the postnatal maturation of some characteristic morphological features in culture. For example, pyramidal cells in 6 day-old rats in situ have very short basal dendrites with growth-cones, and the dendrites are free of spines. After 2–3 weeks in culture growth-cones were no longer observed. Instead, the cells had developed a large basal dendritic field and the dendrites were covered with spines. Slice cultures therefore may provide a useful tool for physiological, anatomical, pharmacological and developmental studies of cortical neurons in an organotypical environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274981
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibody VC1.1 selectively stains a population of GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the rat cerebral cortex (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Parvalbumin ; GABA ; Nonpyramidal cell ; Monoclonal antibody ; Lectin ; Cerebral cortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibody VC1.1 is shown to stain selectively a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the rat cerebral cortex. Almost all VC1.1 immunoreactive cells were also GABA-like immunoreactive (GABA-LI) and parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive, whereas they were about 30% and 65% of GABA-LI and PV-positive cells in the parietal cortex and about 13% and 32% in the occipital cortex, respectively. Although a few VC1.1 positive cells showed somatostatinlike and/or cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivities, they were exceptional (less than 1% of VC1.1 positive cells). Furthermore about 90% of VC1.1 positive cells were also stained with a lectin, Vicia villosa agglutinin, with a specific affinity for terminal N-acetylgalactosamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230685
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical stimulation of the lateral habenula increases hippocampal noradrenaline release as monitored by in vivo microdialysis (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Noradrenaline ; Habenula ; Microdialysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hippocampal extracellular levels of noradrenaline (NA) were monitored with the microdialysis technique during electrical stimulation of the lateral habenula (LHb) in halothane anaesthetized rats. The steady state NA level was 20.8±4.6 fmole/15 min of perfusion (mean ± SEM). Electrical stimulation of the LHb for 15 min (15 Hz, 0.5 mA) induced an immediate 228±48% increase in hippocampal NA release, compared to the pre-stimulation baseline (p〈0.05). A second stimulation 90 min later induced a similar increase. The effect of LHb stimulation was completely abolished by a knife cut transecting the dorsal NA bundle either immediately rostral to the locus coeruleus or at the level of the parafascicular nucleus. This suggests that the effect was dependent on nerve impulses flow in the coeruleo-hippocampal NA neurons, and was not mediated, e.g., by a local spread of electricity into the hippocampus. Since the LHb has previously been shown to be a powerful activator of the mesencephalic raphe nuclei we tested whether the effect was mediated via the serotonergic system. However, the effect of LHb stimulation on hippocampal NA release persisted after 5,7-di-hydroxytryptamine treatment and after complete radiofrequency lesions of the dorsal and central superior raphe nuclei. The present data suggest that electrical stimulation of the LHb can increase hippocampal NA release through an activation of the locus coeruleus, and that this effect is not dependent on the mesencephalic raphe nuclei. The results support the role of the LHb as a link for limbic and striatal forebrain activation of brain stem monoaminergic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253642
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 131
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmical bursting activity and GABAergic mechanisms in the medial septum of normal and pertussis toxin-pretreated rats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 374-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GABAA and GABAB receptors ; Rhythmic activity ; G-protein ; Pertussis toxin ; Septo-hippocampal pathway ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible involvement of GABA in the control of the rhythmical bursting activity (RBA) of septo-hippocampal neurons (SHNs) has been studied in the rat in vivo. The discharge frequency of SHNs was modified by the iontophoretic application of a GABA agonist and antagonist as well as by the application of the GABA uptake blocker, nipecotic acid. The GABAB agonist baclofen inhibited the SHNs' activity, this effect being antagonized by the GABAB antagonist phaclofen. However, these different pharmacological manipulations did not modify the RBA frequency. Pretreatment of the rats with pertussis toxin, a substance which is known to block the events mediated by G-proteins (Gi or Go), decreased the RBA frequency. Neither agonists nor antagonists of GABAA or GABAB types had significant effects on the rhythmical bursting activity of SHNs. The effect of pertussis toxin suggests that other neurotransmitters or intrinsic mechanisms involving a G-protein influence this rhythm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274994
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 132
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of neurones in the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus to orofacial noxious stimulation after large trigeminal tractotomy (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 569-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ventrobasal thalamic neurones ; Noxious mechanical stimulation ; Orofacial receptive fields ; Trigeminal sensory complex ; Tractotomy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single units were recorded, using extra-cellular glass microelectrodes, in the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus of rats under halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The animals had previously undergone a large bilateral section of the trigeminal sensory complex just above the obex to deprive the caudal part of the trigeminal sensory complex (subnucleus caudalis) of its trigeminal afferents. As observed on frontal slices our lesions impaired the whole descending tract and, in most cases, the intratrigeminal pathways between the rostral and the caudal part of the complex. Forty-seven units responding to a somatic mechanical noxious stimulation applied to the trigeminal area were recorded in these conditions. Forty-two of these had a receptive field (or at least a part of it) in or around the oral and nasal cavities, and 5 in the peripheral part of the face. These data confirm the hypothesis that the rostral part of the trigeminal sensory complex participates in pain sensory pathways, as a first relay site between nociceptive primary afferents coming from oral, perioral and perinasal areas, and the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus. In addition, they suggest that the intra-trigeminal pathways are not essential for the transmission of these nociceptive inputs, to the lateral thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249609
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 133
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes in the rat brain (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 164-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Glia ; GFAP ; Brainstem ; Spinal cord ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topographical mapping of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity was performed in coronal serial sections of the rat mesencephalon, rhombencephalon and spinal cord. Relative to a background of poor or moderate overall staining of the mesencephalon, the interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra and the periaqueductal grey matter were prominent by their intense GFAP-immunoreactivity. The pons and particularly the medulla contained more GFAP-labelled elements compared with the mesencephalon. The spinal trigeminal nucleus and Rolando substance were distinguished by their intense staining. Large fibre tracts were usually poor in immunoreactive GFAP. In a concluding discussion, findings relevant to the GFAP-mapping of the whole rat CNS are evaluated with regard to possible reasons underlying the observed differential distribution of GFAP-immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230695
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 134
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes in the rat brain (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 147-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Glia ; GFAP ; Forebrain ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the first of two papers dealing with the distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein-(GFAP)-immunoreactive elements in the rat brain, the localization of immunostaining in the forebrain is systematically described. While the limbic cortex was found to contain intensely stained, evenly distributed astrocytes, the neocortex showed clearly stratified GFAP-staining, with substantially less immunoreactivity occurring in the middle layers than in the areas close to the brain surface or the white matter. A remarkably regular staining pattern was observed in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The striatum remained unstained in sharp contrast to the pallidum. In the diencephalon, the main thalamic nuclei were poor in GFAP-labelled elements in contrast to the internuclear border zones. In the hypothalamus, nuclei were conspicuous by their GFAP-staining. A consistent differential staining pattern was obtained in the epithalamic structures. The observed distributional pattern of diencephalic GFAP-immunoreactivity is thought to be due to different regional proliferation of the embryonic neuroepithelium of the diencephalon. The uneven distribution of GFAP-immunoreactivity in the forebrain is explained on a mainly developmental basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230694
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 135
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of adrenal and foetal nigral grafts on drug-induced rotation in rats with 6-OHDA lesions (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 214-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nigral grafts ; Adrenal grafts ; Rotation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Separate groups of rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway received intrastriatal foetal (E14) substantia nigra suspension grafts, intrastriatal postnatal (P22–25) adrenal medulla suspension grafts using either collagenaseor trypsin-based dissociation procedures, intraventricular adrenal medulla grafts, or remained with lesions alone. Rats with nigral or adrenal suspension grafts, but not rats with adrenal solid grafts, showed reduced apomorphine-induced rotation in comparison with lesion rats. The nigral graft group alone showed substantial reduction of amphetamine-induced rotation, and this was the only group manifesting good long-term graft survival. These results indicate that nigral and adrenal grafts do not have comparable mechanisms of functional action, and suggest that adrenal grafts can ameliorate apomorphine-induced rotation by a non-specific mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230701
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 136
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurotensin-induced excitation of neurons of the rat's frontal cortex studied intracellularly in vitro (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 358-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neurotensin ; Frontal cortex ; In vitro slice preparation ; Intracellular recording ; Single-electrode-voltage-clamp ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The actions of neurotensin (NT) on frontal pyramidal neurons were studied in vitro in slices of rat cerebral cortex using current clamp and single electrode voltage clamp (SEVC) techniques. Bath application of NT (0.1 μM–10 μM) induced a depolarization (2–13 mV) in 88% of the pyramidal cells, this effect was associated with a decrease in input conductance of 5–35% and its reversal potential was estimated at -88 +/-9.7mV. Typically, this depolarizing effect of NT was transient, since no cell responded to a second application of the peptide within 20 min after the first one. NT also induced an increase in the rate of firing of pyramidal cells evoked by direct stimulation, even when an hyperpolarizing current was applied to prevent the depolarization induced by NT. This effect could neither be explained by a decrease of the post-spike after-hyperpolarization, nor by an increase of the persistent sodium current which sustains the spiking of pyramidal cells, since the former was not affected consistently by NT and the later was insensitive to the peptide. This excitation of pyramidal neurons by NT persisted after blockade of synaptic transmission. On the other hand, NT also enhanced the synaptic noise recorded in pyramidal cells in standard perfusing medium. Furthermore, dopaminergic antagonists and noradrenergic antagonists failed to block these effects of NT. Finally, the inactive fragment of the peptide, NT(1–8), did not affect membrane properties of pyramidal cells. All together, these results suggest that NT excites frontal cortical neurons through the activation of specific NT receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228907
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 137
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamate and aspartate immunoreactivity in cortico-cortical neurons of the sensorimotor cortex of rats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cortico-cortical neurons ; Sensorimotor cortex ; Glutamate and aspartate immunoreactivity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Retrograde transport of tracers and immunocytochemistry have been used to determine if association and callosal neurons in the primary motor and somatosensory cortex of rats contain high levels of glutamate or aspartate and may, thus, use these amino acids as neurotransmitter. After tracer injections in these areas, about 65% of the retrogradely labeled neurons in layer V in the ipsilateral or contralateral hemisphere are immunopositive for glutamate. Lower percentages of double-labeled neurons are found in layers III, VI, and II. Similar results are obtained when sections are processed for aspartate immunoreactivity. About 90% of retrogradely labeled neurons are immunopositive in sections incubated with a mixture of both glutamateand aspartate antisera. These results suggest that a large fraction of cortico-cortical neurons are immunoreactive for either one amino acid but not for both. It is proposed that neurons with high levels of one amino acid use this as neurotransmitter; high levels of glutamate and aspartate are likely to be present in a fraction of neurons which may release both amino acids or a substance closely related to these.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248278
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 138
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the occurrence of an enkephalin-like peptide in adrenaline and noradrenaline neurons of the rat medulla oblongata (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 631-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Coexistence ; Catecholamines ; NPY ; Peptide ; Neurotransmitters ; Brain stem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to analyze the catecholaminergic neurons in the medulla oblongata of the rat for the presence of enkephalin (ENK) — and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (LI). In colchicine pretreated animals, using a double staining technique with mouse and rabbit antibodies against ENK and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), it was demonstrated that both TH-and ENK-LI occurred in the same neurons, particularly in many neurons of the A1 noradrenaline cell group. In the transition zone to the C1 adrenaline cell group, a proportion of PNMT-positive cells also contained ENK-LI. In the rostral and mid portion of the C1 group only few TH/PNMT-positive cells were found to be ENK-positive. In the noradrenergic A2 region, a moderate number of cell bodies also contained TH plus ENK-LI, whereas only a few of the adrenaline cells of the C2 and C3 groups showed ENK-LI. In addition, with an elution restaining technique it was possible to demonstrate that several of the cells containing TH-and ENK-LI were also positive for NPY-LI. The present findings demonstrate that a subpopulation of the catecholaminergic neurons in the medulla oblongata of the rat is ENK positive, thereby indicating a possible co-release of the two compounds in their projection areas, for example the paraventricular nucleus and the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247366
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 139
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    D2-but not D1-dopamine receptors are involved in the inhibitory control of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone release from the rat hypothalamus (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: α-melanocyte ; stimulating hormone ; Dopamine receptors ; Rat ; Hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) from slices of rat hypothalamus superfused with artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (ACSF) was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Addition of 10-6 M quinpirole, a D2-dopamine receptor agonist, to the superfusion medium caused a significant (P 〈 0.001) reduction in the amount of α-MSH released upon depolarisation with 50 mM potassium from 319 ±37% to 110 ±16% of basal release in normal ACSF (mean ±S.E.M.). Basal peptide release in the presence of quinpirole was unaffected. Sulpiride, a D2-dopamine receptor antagonist, at a concentration of 10-6 M, induced a significant (P 〈 0.05) increase of both basal and potassium-stimulated α-MSH release to 203 ±21% and 447 ±88% of basal release in normal ACSF respectively. The latter increases were abolished when sulpiride and quinpirole were added in combination. SK&F 38393-A and SCH 23390, a D1-dopamine agonist and antagonist respectively, had no significant effect on either basal or potassiumstimulated α-MSH release. It is proposed that endogenous dopamine exerts an inhibitory control on α-MSH release from the rat hypothalamus via D2-dopamine receptors and that in isolated hypothalamic slices there is a tonic inhibition of peptide release due to the activity of this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247368
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 140
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expansion of innervation territory by afferents involved in plasma extravasation after nerve regeneration in adult and neonatal rats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 88-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Collateral sprouting ; Nerve regeneration ; Mechanoreceptors ; C-fibers ; Plasma extravasation ; Evans blue ; Skin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The capacity of the saphenous nerve for collateral sprouting was examined by electrophysiological recordings of the activity of low threshold mechanoreceptors and plasma extravasation after C-fiber stimulation in rats. When the sciatic nerve was sectioned neonatally or in adults little evidence was obtained for collateral sprouting of either mechanoreceptors or fibers involved in plasma extravasation in the intact saphenous nerve0 In rats where the sciatic nerve was sectioned and the saphenous nerve was crushed either neonatally or in adults, expansive regenerative reinnervation by thin fibers, but not mechanoreceptors, was observed particularly in glabrous skin. Saphenous crush alone did not cause expansive regenerative reinnervation. The results indicate that much of the collateral sprouting or regenerative reinnervation of the skin observed in morphological studies may represent the presence of fibers not responding to the stimuli used in the present study. It is also suggested that some observations of collateral sprouting may represent changes in responsiveness to stimulation of skin areas with overlapping innervation territories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253626
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 141
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological and morphological properties of rat abducens motoneurones (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 141-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Abducens motoneurones ; Intracellular recordings ; HRP staining ; Membrane properties ; Somato-dendritic organization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electrical and morphological properties of abducens motoneurones were investigated in the rat with intracellular recordings and intracellular HRP-staining. Motoneurones were identified by their antidromic response to electrical stimulation of the lateral rectus muscle. The antidromic action potential was followed by a delayed depolarization and an after hyperpolarization lasting 20 ms to 45 ms. The whole neurone input resistance (RN) calculated from I/V curves, was found to lie between 2 MΩ and 15 MΩ with a bimodal distribution (mean values 4.9 MΩ and 12 MΩ). In some cases, anomalous rectification was observed with low current intensities. Prolonged hyperpolarizing current pulses revealed the presence of a time dependant inward rectification and slow rebound depolarization. The intensity/frequency curves suggest the existence of three ranges of discharge. The average intensity frequency slope during the steady state was 43 imp/s/ nA. Eight abducens motoneurones were intracellularly labelled with HRP and fully reconstructed. The soma (23 μm to 40 μm in diameter) gave off 5 to 7 primary dendrites. The general organization and extension of the dendritic trees depended on the location of the soma within the abducens nucleus. The mean diameter of primary dendrites was 4.17 μm with similar average values in all motoneurones. The soma size of abducens motoneurones was not correlated with either the size of the proximal tree or the whole neurone input resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253631
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 142
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in GABA-immunoreactive cell density during motor focal epilepsy induced by cobalt in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 369-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cobalt experimental epilepsy ; Motor cortex ; GABA ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies and terminals was studied using an anti-GABA serum during the development of chronic focal epilepsy induced by cobalt deposits onto the motor cortex of the rat. Cell counts of GABA-positive neurons were carried out in the epileptogenic area and correlated with the electrophysiological activity of the cobalt focus. In normal control rats, we identified GABA-immunoreactive somata and processes in the motor agranular cortex; they were multipolar or bipolar but never pyramidal and were present in all layers, especially in layer II. GABA-immunoreactive terminals were widely scattered in the neuropil and surrounded the unlabelled cell bodies. In the cobalt-treated animals, changes in the GABAergic innervation were observed during the development of the epileptic focus: decreases in the GABA-positive cell density and in the number of GABA-positive terminals were present before the onset of epileptic discharges and became more marked during the period of maximal spiking activity; a progressive return to normal values of GABA-positive cell density (except in the deep layers) as well as the reappearance of GABA positive terminals were associated with the extinction of the epileptic syndrome. Our observations suggest that the impaired inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by GABA plays a role in the development of the cobalt-induced epilepsy; moreover the recovery of GABAergic function which occurs during the extinction of the epileptic syndrome might imply a capacity for axonal regeneration of the GABAergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247895
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 143
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2 decreases membrane conductance and depolarizes neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 656-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Central chemoreceptor ; Carbon dioxide ; Nucleus tractus solitarius ; Nucleus ambiguus ; Cardiopulmonary control ; Brain slice ; Intracellular recording ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To identify central sites of potential CO2/H+-chemoreceptive neurons, and the mechanism responsible for neuronal chemosensitivity, intracellular recordings were made in rat tissue slices in two cardiopulmonary-related regions (i.e., nucleus tractus solitarii, NTS; nucleus ambiguus, AMBc) during exposure to high CO2. When the NTS was explored slices were bisected and the ventral half discarded. Utilizing such “dorsal” medullary slices removed any impinging synaptic input from putative chemoreceptors in the ventrolateral medulla. In the NTS, CO2-induced changes in firing rate were associated with membrane depolarizations ranging from 2–25 mV (n = 15). In some cases increased e.p.s.p. activity was observed during CO2 exposure. The CO2-induced depolarization occurred concomitantly with an increased input resistance ranging from 19–23 MΩ (n = 5). The lower membrane conductance during hypercapnia suggests that CO2-induced depolarization is due to a decreased outward potassium conductance. Unlike neurons in the NTS, AMBc neurons were not spontaneously active and were rarely depolarized by hypercapnia. Eleven of 12 cells tested were either hyperpolarized by or insensitive to CO2. Only 1 neuron in the AMBc was depolarized and it also showed an increased input resistance during CO2 exposure. Our findings suggest that CO2/H+-related stimuli decrease potassium conductance which depolarizes the cell and increases firing rate. Although our in vitro studies cannot guarantee the specific function of these cells, we believe they may be involved with brain pH homeostasis and cardiopulmonary regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248922
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 144
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive terminals in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ; Central nucleus of the amygdala ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic analysis of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive (LI) terminals in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) was carried out using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. CGRP-LI fibers were densely distributed in the dorsal subdivision of the lateral BST (BSTL) and the lateral and lateral capsular subdivisions of the Ce, where the CGRP-LI terminals formed symmetrical and asymmetrical axo-dendritic, and symmetrical axosomatic synapses. One of the most characteristic features of the CGRP-LI terminals was the presence of large, long boutons, each of which surrounded a cell soma and made many synaptic contacts. These findings suggest that CGRP exerts a significant influence on neurons in the BSTL and Ce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250584
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 145
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetries in crossed and uncrossed nigrostriatal projections dependent on duration of unilateral removal of vibrissae in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Caudate-putamen ; Neural plasticity ; Nigrostriatal projection ; Sensory deprivation ; Vibrissae ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of unilateral removal of vibrissae on the crossed and uncrossed nigrostriatal projections was examined with the horseradish peroxidase tract tracing technique. Hemivibrissotomy mainly affected the projections arising from the rostral part of the substantia nigra. One to three days after clipping the vibrissae, rats were found to have more labeled neurons in the crossed projection to the caudate-putamen (CPU) on the same side as vibrissae removal than in the crossed projection to the CPU opposite to vibrissae removal. A reversed asymmetry was seen in rats examined 4–20 days after vibrissae removal. These animals had more labeled cells in the crossed and uncrossed projections terminating in the CPU opposite to the shaved side, i.e. in the hemisphere deprived of vibrissal sensory input. This time-course of neural alterations is similar to that of the recovery from behavioral asymmetries seen after hemivibrissotomy. Similar time-dependent alterations in the nigrostriatal projection had been found after unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the substantia nigra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275000
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 146
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early development of the representation of the body surface in SI cortex barrel field in neonatal rats as demonstrated with peanut agglutinin binding: evidence for differential development within the rattunculus (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somatosensory cortex ; Differential development ; Lectin binding ; Vibrissae ; Forepaw ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Physiological studies have demonstrated a highly organized somatotopic representation of the body surface in SI cortex of rat. This representation is correlated morphologically with the presence of barrel-shaped structures in layer IV. Conventional staining techniques reveal barrels in the latter part of the first postnatal week. Recently, the peroxidase conjugates of lectins, which recognize glycosylated molecules, have been used to study barrel field formation. Con A, for example, has been shown to bind primarily to prospective barrel sides and septa as early as postnatal day 3 (PND-3) in mouse. To date, investigations of SI cortex using the lectin (Arachis hypogaea) peanut agglutinin (PNA) have been confined to the study of the barrel field representation of the face and mystacial vibrissae in the mouse. In the present study we extend these findings to the development of the representation of the entire body surface called the rattunculus. Rats ranging from PND-1 (first 24 h after birth) to PND-12 were anesthetized with Nembutal and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M sodium cacodylate buffer. Brains were removed, flattened tangentially, and sectioned on a vibratome at 30–120 microns. Sections were blocked in TRIS-buffered saline (TBS) plus 2% bovine serum albumin and incubated in peanut lectin at 4° C. Following incubation, sections were washed with TBS and processed using peroxidase histochemistry. Lectin binding in the prospective forelimb representation was apparent by PND-5 whereas lectin binding to the prospective face-mystacial vibrissae representation occurred before PND-4. These results suggest that body part representations show individual variations during early pattern formation. In rat, the representation of the limbs may lag behind the representation of the face-mystacial vibrissae during early postnatal development. This developmental gradient within the cortex may reflect a differential expression of lectin receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275001
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 147
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory amino acid receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla mediate a vagal cardiopulmonary reflex in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cardiopulmonary vagal reflex ; Bezold-Jarisch reflex ; Excitatory amino acid ; Caudal ventrolateral medulla ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The importance of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in mediating vagal cardiopulmonary (Bezold-Jarisch reflex) reflex activity was studied in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Unilateral electrolytic lesion of the CVLM markedly attenuated Bezold-Jarisch reflex responses (hypotension and bradycardia) elicited by intravenous injections of 5-HT. Bilateral lesion of the CVLM virtually abolished the reflex responses. Microinjection of the excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor antagonist kynurenate (KYN), but not the inactive analogue xanthurenate, into the CVLM markedly attenuated the reflex responses to 5-HT. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801 also markedly attenuated reflex activity. Furthermore, lesions, KYN and MK-801 all tended to elevate resting blood pressure and to reduce resting heart rate. These findings support the hypothesis that the CVLM is an important medullary locus mediating cardiovascular reflex integration and that an EAA synapse in the CVLM is important in the cardiopulmonary reflex arc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230698
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 148
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CA 125 in normal tissues and carcinomas of the uterine cervix, endometrium and fallopian tube (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 244 (1989), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: CA 125 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Müllerian duct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) has been investigated in normal tissues and carcinomas of the Müllerian duct by immunohistochemical methods using the monoclonal antibody OC 125. Detection of CA 125 was most intense in cryostat sections and decreased in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues according to the duration of fixation. Enzymatic digestion with neuraminidase or alkaline hydrolysis abolished specific staining suggesting the antigen is a sialylsaccharide bound to protein by alkali-labile linkage. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the presence of CA 125 in all normal glandular epithelia of the endocervix, endometrium and fallopian tube in different distribution patterns. In normal endometrium the cellular distribution pattern was related to the menstrual cycle. In endocervical, endometrial and tubal adenocarcinomas CA 125 was found in 73% of cases. In glandular structures the antigen was concentrated at the luminal surface of the tumour cells, in solid tumour areas it was spread throughout the cytoplasm or concentrated in large cytoplasmic vacuoles. The expression of CA 125 was considerably lower in solid tumour areas. These data show that CA 125 is not a true “tumour marker”, but a product of female genital mucosae and of their cancerous derivates provided their synthesizing ability is not lost in the course of pathologic differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931381
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 149
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoscintigraphy using CA 125 antibodies in the management of ovarian cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 244 (1989), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Immunoscintigraphy ; Cancer of the ovary ; Tumor marker CA 125 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radioimmundetection (RID) using anti-CA 125 antibodies proved to be a valuable tool in the follow-up of metastasizing ovarian cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were high. RID had no clinical side effects. But some patients formed antibodies which interfered a) with the evaluation of the scintigram and b) with further measurement of CA 125 levels. We found 2 cm diameter metastases that were not detected by computed tomography. However, the heterogeneity of tumor metastases limits the sensitivity of this method. CA 125 serum levels, immunohistochemistry, and immunoscintigraphy did not always correlate. Monitoring serum levels of CA 125 was most valuable in clinical management of tumor spread and in the optimal use of RID.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01560083
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 150
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin lambda-light-chain-derived amyloidosis (Aλ) in two horses (1989)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 58 (1989), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Amyloidosis ; Immunoglobulin λ-light chains ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoperoxidase ; Anti-amyloid antibodies ; Immunologic cross-reactions ; Horse ; Nasal tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tumorous amyloid deposits in the nasal mucosa of two horses differed from generalized AA-amyloidosis with respect to clinical features, organ distribution, and resistance to KMnO4 treatment. Using a panel of antibodies directed against different human amyloid fibril proteins and employing the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique, we showed the described equine amyloid to be Aλ-type, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical cross-reactivity. Consequently, we identified a second amyloid class in horses and showed that immunoglobulin light-chain-derived amyloid may also be present in animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320431
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 151
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risperidone (R 64 766), a potent and complete LSD antagonist in drug discrimination by rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 206-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: LSD-cue ; Drug discrimination ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; 5-HT2-catecholamine antagonism ; LSD antagonism ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Risperidone was studied in a 0.16 mg/kg LSD-saline drug discrimination test procedure. At doses varying from 0.0025 to 0.63 mg/kg, no LSD-like agonist effects were observed. Studies on the antagonism of the LSD-cue indicated that risperidone was able to completely block the discriminative stimulus properties of LSD with a minimum ED50-value of 0.028 mg/kg. Risperidone was also very active over time with reference to LSD antagonism, the ED50s after 2, 4 and 8 h pretreatment being 0.028, 0.064 and 0.44 mg/kg. Response rate reductions were only observed at doses ≧0.16 mg/kg after 1 h and at 0.63 mg/kg after 2 h pretreatment. Four and 8 h after treatment, no rate-reducing effects were apparent at doses up to 2.50 mg/kg. Thus at pretreatment intervals ranging between 2 and 8 h, complete antagonism of LSD without any rate effects was obtained. As compared to other LSD antagonists, risperidone was quantitatively better than setoperone and ritanserin and longer acting than pirenperone. Based on the pharmacological profile of risperidone and the other LSD antagonists, it was concluded that a potent central 5-HT2 and catecholamine antagonism is needed for a potent and complete antagonism of the 0.16 mg/kg LSD-cue. The potential clinical effect of risperidone in the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442251
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 152
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurotensin, substance P, neurokinin-α, and enkephalin: injection into ventral tegmental area in the rat produces differential effects on operant responding (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rat ; Operant behavior ; Fixed-interval ; Ventral tegmental area ; Neurotensin ; Substance P ; Neurokinin-α (substance K) ; d-Ala-Met-enkephalin ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neuropeptides neurotensin, substance P, neurokinin-α (substance K), and met-enkephalin are present endogenously in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), site of the A10 dopaminergic (DA) cell bodies. In the present study these four peptides were injected bilaterally into the VTA in the rat, and the effects on operant behavior were assessed. Cannulae aimed at the VTA were implanted in four groups of animals, which had been trained to bar-press for food reward on a fixed-interval, 40-s schedule. A fifth group, in which the effects of systemically administered amphetamine were assessed, was also tested. Response rate across the interval was measured, and the index of quarter-life was taken as an indication of the temporal pattern of resonding. In addition, a rate-dependency analysis was carried out for all data. Neurotensin (NT, 0.0175, 0.175, 0.5 μg in 1 μl) dose-dependently decreased response rates without affecting quarter-life, and reduced the number of reinforcements obtained. Substance P (SP, 0.1, 1.0, 3.0 μg) did not affect responding, and neurokinin-α (NKA, 0.1, 1.0, 3.0 μg) induced a small increase in responding. Quarter-life was not affected by SP or NKA, but responding on the nonreinforced lever was significantly increased by both peptides. d-Ala-met-enkephalin (DALA, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 μg) induced a dose-dependent increase in responding which was also rate-dependent, and reduced quarter-life. DALA effects were similar to the classic pattern of responding observed after systemic amphetamine. These results suggest that although all these peptides elicit behavioral activation and may affect DA neuronal activity, the behavioral responses can be differentiated with respect to operant behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442258
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 153
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional role of 5-HT2 receptors in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 436-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sleep ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ; Antagonist ; Agonist ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently developed agents specifically acting on different 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor populations were used to analyze the functional role of 5-HT2 receptor subtypes in the sleep-wakefulness cycle of the rat. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin injected intraperitoneally (IP) (0.04–2.5 mg/kg) induced an increase in deep slow wave sleep (SWS2) duration at the expense of wakefulness (W), light slow wave sleep (SWS1) and paradoxical sleep (PS). The stimulation of 5-HT2 receptors by 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM) produced a dose-related increase in W and a dose-dependent decrease in both SWS2 and PS. Pretreatment with ritanserin (0.16–2.5 mg/kg) or with cinanserin (2.5–5 mg/kg), another 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, dose-dependently reversed the W enhancement and the SWS2 deficit produced by DOM, but not the PS deficit. Sleep-wakefulness alterations (increase in W and SWS1 combined with a suppression of SWS2 and PS) observed after IP injection of two putative 5-HT1 receptor agonists, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) (2.5 mg/kg) and 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole (RU 24969) (0.63 mg/kg), were not modified by ritanserin pretreatment (0.16–2.5 mg/kg). These results further support the hypothesis that the serotonergic system plays an active role in the regulation of the sleep-wakefulness cycle in the rat and that 5-HT2 receptors are involved in this action. In addition it is suggested that 5-HT1 receptor subtypes are unlikely to interact with 5-HT2 receptors in the sleep-wakefulness modulation mediated through 5-HT2 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439544
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 154
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of benzodiazepine and GABA antagonists on anticonflict effects of antianxiety drugs injected into the rat amygdala in a water-lick suppression test (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 38-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amygdala ; Benzodiazepine ; GABA ; Barbiturates ; Conflict ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to elucidate the role of the amygdala in rat conflict behavior in a water lick suppression test, we examined the effect of lesions of various nuclei of the amygdaloid complex on this behavior. An anticonflict effect was produced by a lesion of the anterior part of central and basolateral amygdala, and lesion to the posterior part of the central amygdala, but not by posterior of the basolateral amygdala or medial amygdala lesions. These results suggest that the amygdala, especially the anterior part of the central and basolateral nuclei, plays an important role in conflict behavior of rats in the water lick test. In a second experiment, the effects of benzodiazepine- and GABA-antagonists on the anticonflict action of diazepam, zopiclone, and phenobarbital injected into the anterior part of central and basolateral amygdala were examined, also using a water lick suppression test. A dose-dependent anticonflict action was produced by systemic administration as well as by intra-amygdala injection of diazepam, zopiclone, lormetazepam, flurazepam and phenobarbital. The order of potency was lormetazepam〉zopiclone≧diazepam〉flurazepam ≧phenobarbital for both routes of injection. The antiamygdala effects of diazepam and zopiclone injected into the amygdala were completely reversed by Ro15-1788 and β-CCM but not by bicuculline, while the anticonflict effect of phenobarbital was reversed by β-CCM but not by Ro15-1788 or bicuculline. The present results strongly suggest that the anterior nuclei of central and basolateral amygdala are important sites of action of antianxiety drugs, and that an anticonflict action produced by intra-amygdala injection of benzodiazepines or barbiturate is mediated through the different receptor mechansims.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442003
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 155
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential mechanisms in the acquisition and expression of heroin-induced place preference (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rat ; Place preference ; Extinction ; Conditioning ; Naloxone ; Heroin ; Clonidine ; Pimozide ; Memory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract These experiments examined the neurochemical mechanisms involved in the development and expression of place conditioning produced by heroin. Conditioned place preferences (CPP) lasting up to 8 weeks were obtained with doses of 50–1000 μg/kg heroin, using a regimen shown not to produce physical dependence. Naloxone pretreatment (50 μg/kg) during conditioning prevented the acquisition of heroin-induced CPP, but when given only on the test day, naloxone (50 or 1000 μg/kg) did not prevent the expression of heroin CPP. Clonidine disrupted the establishment of heroin CPP at 20 μg/kg, but disrupted its expression only at debilitating doses (100 and 200 μg/kg). Pimozide attenuated the acquisition (100 μ/kg) and expression (250 μg/kg) of heroin CPP. Together, these results support a role for opioid and catecholamine systems in the acquisition of heroin reinforcement, but they suggest that once heroin CPP is established, its expression in opiate-free subjects is not opiate receptor mediated and is relatively refractory to pharmacological treatments which disrupt acquisition. The data challenge the notion that the conditioned effects of opiates in drug-free animals are related to the release of endogenous opioids, and they also may help to explain why naloxone and clonidine are ineffective in the treatment of opiate addiction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442007
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 156
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low doses of corticotropin-releasing factor potentiate amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) ; Amphetamine ; Stereotypy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino acid polypeptide that is critically involved in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis during stress. In addition, it has been suggested that extrahypothalamic CRF may be important in initiating behavioral responses to stressful events. In the present experiment, we examined the effects of central administration of CRF on amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior. Amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior has been considered as a behavioral strategy to cope with excessive arousal. Low doses of CRF (0.02 and 0.1 μg), administered into the lateral ventricle (ICV), were shown to potentiate amphetamine (4.0 mg/kg; SC)-induced stereotyped behavior, as measured by the Creese and Iversen rating scale and behavioral observations. These low doses of CRF specifically enhanced the tendency for rats to sniff with their heads down 20 min after injection, and induced licking behavior later during testing. In contrast, the rats treated with a higher dose of CRF (0.5 μg, ICV) showed more locomotor activity throughout the test, but did not differ from the saline-treated animals in the intensity of amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634448
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 157
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholinergic mechanisms in a simple test of olfactory learning in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 270-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Olfactory learning ; Rat ; Scopolamine ; Septal lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male rats were tested in a simple olfactory habituation and discrimination paradigm. Untreated rats habituated their responses over three trials to one odour but were capable of recognising a novel odour presented on the fourth trial. Administration (SC) of either scopolamine or N-methylscopolamine before trials commenced produced a decrease in overall responding. Scopolamine, but not N-methylscopolamine, also blocked habituation to the first odour and recognition to the second, novel odour. Administration of scopolamine after trial 3 did not block the ability of the animals to respond differentially to a novel odour, although again overall levels of responding were decreased. Electrolytic lesions of the medial septal area increased overall levels of responding but lesioned animals still habituated their response over trials and were capable of recognising a novel odour. Therefore although cholinergic mechanisms appear to be involved in this type of learning, these effects are unlikely to be mediated via the septohippocampal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442821
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 158
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine maintains robust self-administration in rats on a limited-access schedule (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Self-administration ; Reinforcement ; Mecamylamine ; Hexamethonium ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intravenous nicotine maintained substantial responding on the drug-reinforced lever with a limited-access, fixed-ratio 5 schedule of self-administration. Responding demonstrated the expected pharmacological sensitivity; it was dose-dependently reduced by pre-session treatment with either nicotine or mecamylamine but not with hexamethonium. In addition, responding was dependent on the size of the unit dose, with maximum values occurring at 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg/infusion. Self-administration behavior decreased at doses both above and below these, and extinction followed the substitution of saline for nicotine. Total session drug intake increased with unit dose up to a maximal value of approximately 0.5 mg/kg at 0.03 mg/kg/infusion, but did not increase further at the 0.06 mg/kg/infusion dose. A decrease in the time-out duration at the dose of 0.03 mg/kg/infusion also did not change the total session intake of nicotine. It is suggested that nicotine intake is controlled both by the total amount of drug obtained and by the magnitude of the unit dose. These results demonstrate that intravenous nicotine can maintain substantial self-administration behavior in rodents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589894
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 159
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between accumbens D1 and D2 receptors regulating rat locomotor activity (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 558-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nucleus accumbens ; Dopaminergic mechanisms ; Selective drugs ; Microinjections ; Locomotor activity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of intra-accumbens injections of various dopaminergic agonists and antagonists on the rat locomotor activity has been evaluated in automated open fields. Locomotor stimulation has been observed after local administration ofd-amphetamine (10 μg), apomorphine (10 μg), as well as of solution containing the D1 agonist SKF 38 393 and D2 receptor agonist LY 171 555 (quinpirole) in doses (10 and 4 μg, respectively) which were inactive when both drugs were administered separately. On the other hand separate injections of metoclopramide (0.1 μg) and SCH 23 390 (0.5 μg) (D2 and D1 receptor antagonists) very potently inhibited animals' locomotor activity. The data indicate that concomitant stimulation of both accumbens D1- and D2-receptor related mechanisms is a necessary condition to increase rat motility. Moreover, it seems that accumbens D1 receptors may be differently involved in the control of facilitatory versus inhibitory motor processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589908
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 160
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phosphorylated analogue of DSIP enhances slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep in unrestrained rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) ; Paradoxical sleep (PS) ; Phosphorylated analogue of DSIP ; Rat ; Sleep substance ; Slow wave sleep (SWS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Continued 10-h nocturnal intracerebroventricular infusion of 0.5 nmol P-DSIP, the phosphorylated analogue of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), significantly increased slow wave sleep (22%) and paradoxical sleep (81%) in unrestrained rats. The increase in the amount of sleep was largely due to an increase in the number of sleep episodes. Larger and smaller doses were ineffective in doses ranging from 0.025 to 25 nmol. The sleep-promoting potency of P-DSIP was 5 times greater than that of DSIP compared by the same assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443409
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 161
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that blockade of post-synaptic 5-HT1 receptors elicits feeding in satiated rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Feeding ; 5-HT antagonists ; 5-HT1 receptors ; 5-HT1C receptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of nine central 5-HT antagonists on food intake in free feeding male rats were examined. The 5-HT2 antagonists ritanserin and ketanserin and the selective 5-HT3 antagonists ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 had no effect on food intake. In contrast, the non-selective 5-HT antagonists metergoline, methiothepin, mesulergine, mianserin and methysergide (all of which have high affinity for various 5-HT1 receptor subtypes), dose-dependently increased food intake during a 4-h daytime test. Furthermore, metergoline dose dependently increased food intake over a 24-h period. Suprisingly, mesulergine decreased food intake over a 24-h period at the same doses that increased daytime food intake. This may indicate that the increase in daytime feeding produced by mesulergine is a non-specific response. Although the antagonists used have varying degrees of selectivity for 5-HT receptor subtypes, the pattern of results suggests that postsynaptic 5-HT1 receptors (possibly of the 5-HT1C type) play an important role in the control of feeding in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443413
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 162
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent deficits in delay conditioning produced by trimethyltin (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 521-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Trimethyltin ; Delay conditioning ; Conditioned flavor aversion ; Passive avoidance ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Trimethylin (TMT) produces behavioral and cognitive deficits resulting, in part, from limbic system toxicity. To determine whether these effects result from learning deficits or accelerated memory loss, the present experiment examined two delay conditioning paradigms in rats previously treated with either saline or TMT. Saline-treated Long-Evans rats receiving injections of lithium after consuming saccharin-flavored water later avoided saccharin ingestion: the degree of avoidance varied inversely with the time (0.5, 3 or 6 h) separating initial saccharin availability and lithium injection. Rats treated with TMT (8 mg/kg IV, 30 days prior) showed impaired conditioning at the long but not the short or intermediate delay conditions, suggesting that the deficits were mnemonic and not associative. Similar delay-dependent deficits in rats treated with TMT were observed in a passive avoidance task that arranged one of two delays between response emission and shock delivery during training. The effects of TMT on delay conditioning were accompanied by reduced bodyweight and hippocampal pathology. In summary, TMT appears to alter the temporally dependent association of events (entering darkened compartment versus saccharin consumption) and consequences (foot shock versus lithium administration) during acquisition. Furthermore, the observed deficits in delay conditioning produced by TMT did not appear to be task specific, with similar effects determined with tests of both somatosensory and gustatory avoidance learning designed to distinguish between functional alterations due to deficits in memorial processes from those due to altered sensory, motor, or associative processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439558
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 163
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effects of 5HT3 receptor antagonists in the social interaction and elevated plus-maze tests of anxiety in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 248-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Social interaction ; Plus-maze ; 5HT3 receptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of three 5HT3 receptor antagonists: BRL 43964 (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, oral), GR 38032F (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, oral), and zacopride (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, IP) were examined in low light test conditions of the social interaction test. None of the three 5HT3 receptor antagonists had a significant effect on social interaction. In contrast, in two experiments chlordiazepoxide (7.5 mg/kg) significantly increased social interaction and this effect was greatest in the unfamiliar test condition. In a third experiment, the effects of GR 38032F (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, oral) and zacopride (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, oral) were investigated in the high light test conditions of the social interaction test; neither compound had a significant effect. In the elevated plus-maze, chlordiazepoxide (7.5 mg/kg oral or IP) significantly increased both the per cent number of entries made onto open arms and the per cent of time spent on the open arms, indicating an anxiolytic action. Zacopride (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, oral or IP) had no significant effect in this test. The effect of the baseline rate of responding in the social interaction test on the effects of 5-HT3 antagonists is discussed. The results from the present experiment and those from other animal tests of anxiety caution against the conclusion that 5HT3 receptor antagonists are anxiolytic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442817
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 164
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of intrathecal administration of the dopamine agonist apomorphine on penile reflexes and copulation in the male rat (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Dopamine ; Penile reflex ; Sexual behavior ; Spinal cord ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Relatively high doses of systemically administered apomorphine inhibit penile reflexes. It is possible that these inhibitory effects are due, at least in part, to actions of apomorphine on the lumbosacral spinal cord. The present experiments examined this possibility by injecting apomorphine (10 and 50 μg/5.0 μl vehicle) into the lumbosacral subarachnoid space through chronic, indwelling cannulae. Such injections impaired ex copula penile reflexes, slowed the rate of copulation, and decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation. These results suggest that lumbosacral cord dopamine receptors may normally regulate male sexual performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445548
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 165
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of midazolam, DMCM and lindane on potentiated startle in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 362-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acoustic startle reflex ; Fear-conditioning ; Midazolam ; DMCM ; Lindane ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-eight male Wistar rats were exposed to contingent light-shock combinations and 48 rats received light and shock stimuli in a random order. One day after fear conditioning the animals were tested for startle potentation after injection of midazolam (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg, IP) or DMCM (methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate; 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg IP) or lindane (0, 7.5, 15.0, 30.0 mg/kg PO). Midazolam attenuated potentiated startle dose dependently and the inverse benzodiazepine agonist DMCM had the opposite effect. The effects of lindane on startle amplitudes were identical to those of DMCM, indicating that lindane has anxiogenic effects on behavior. It is suggested that the anxiogenic effects of lindane are mediated by an effect at the GABA-ionophore complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445558
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 166
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockade of 8-OH-DPAT-induced feeding by dopamine antagonists (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 402-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Feeding ; 8-OH-DPAT ; Dopamine ; Antagonists ; Grooming ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Feeding elicited by the 5HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT was blocked by pretreatment with the DA antagonists SCH-23390 and sulpiride, in two experiments conducted in non-deprived rats and in three experiments conducted after 4 h food deprivation. In deprived animals, 8-OH-DPAT prolonged the initial period of feeding. However, in non-deprived animals, 8-OH-DPAT delayed the onset of eating, and suppressed post-prandial resting; both SCH-23390 and sulpiride restored the normal pattern of behaviour. All three drugs suppressed grooming. The results suggest that 8-OH-DPAT elicits feeding by a secondary disinhibition of activity postsynaptic to DA neurons. The consequences of this mechanism for the interpretation of 8-OH-DPAT-induced feeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445567
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 167
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of MK-801 and other antagonists of NMDA-type glutamate receptors on brain-stimulation reward (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Glutamate ; Kainate ; Ketamine ; Kynurenic acid ; MK-801 ; NMDA ; Phencyclidine ; Rat ; Self-stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MK-801 is a ligand at phencyclidine recognition sites associated with NMDA-coupled cation channels, where it acts as a potent noncompetitive antagonist of central glutamate/aspartate (NMDA-type) receptors. Low doses (10–100 μg/kg IP) produced a dose-related and prolonged (〉1 h) enhancement of variable-interval self-stimulation responding. Higher doses (300 μg/kg) caused flaccid ataxia and disrupted responding. Ketamine HCl (3.0–100 mg/kg IP), a dissociative anaesthetic binding to the phencyclidine site, produced a similar response pattern, but facilitation was less prolonged and occurred over a narrower dose range. Kynurenic acid (3.0–300 mg/kg IP), a nonselective competitive antagonist of glutamate receptors, produced only depression of responding, possibly the result of kynurenate-induced blockade of central kainate and/or quisqualate receptors. The behavioural stimulant effects of MK-801 appear to be an intrinsic and essential feature of selective NMDA antagonists, and these effects of MK-801 differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the well-known facilitatory effects of dopamine-dependent stimulants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634458
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 168
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dopamine receptor antagonists on sucrose consumption and preference (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sucrose preference ; Two-bottle test ; Dopamine ; Sulpiride ; SCH-23390 ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride and the D1 antagonist SCH-23390 were examined, in rats, in two-bottle preference tests (sucrose versus water) and in single-bottle tests, at different sucrose concentrations. Both drugs decreased sucrose intake in single bottle tests, at low sucrose concentrations, but had no effect at high concentrations; reducing drive level had exactly the opposite pattern of effects. In two-bottle tests, both drugs reduced preference for the weakest sucrose concetration (0.7%) but increased preference for the strongest concentration (34%). The effects of antagonizing either subtype of DA receptor appear to be similar to those of reducing the concentration of sucrose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634461
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 169
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic phosphatidylserine treatment improves spatial memory and passive avoidance in aged rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 316-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aging ; Phosphatidylserine ; Spatial memory ; Passive avoidance ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Learning/memory deficits in senescent animals are widely used as a tool to evaluate the therapeutic potential of agents for treatment of age-associated cognitive dysfunction. As assessed in the Morris water maze test, aged (21–24 months) rats showed a variable loss of spatial memory. Aged non-impaired rats performed as well as young subjects, while aged impaired rats exhibited a severe and persistent place-navigation, deficit. Passive avoidance retention was similarly affected in the two aged subpopulations. Chronic oral administration of phosphatidylserine (50 mg/kg/day for up to 12 weeks), a pharmacologically active phospholipid, was found to improve both the spatial memory and the passive avoidance retention of aged impaired rats. Results are discussed with reference to the phosphatidylserine-induced improvement of age-associated deterioration of brain functions in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445550
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 170
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranigral infusion of enkephalins elicits dyskinetic biting in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Enkephalin analogues ; Intranigral infusions ; Dyskinetic biting ; Tardive dyskinesia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leu- and Metenkephalin (Lenk and Menk) and their more stable analogues d-Ala-Leu- and d-Ala-Meten-kephalin (DALenk and DAMenk) as well as d-ala-d-Leu-and d-Ala-d-Metenkephalin (DADLenk and DADMenk) were infused bilaterally into substantia nigra in awake rats and oral movements were recorded for 90 min. DADLenk and DADMenk elicited dose-dependent biting dyskinesias with a chewing rate of about 90 jaw movements/min. DALenk produced a similar but weaker effect, whereas DAMenk, Lenk and Menk were ineffective in the doses given. These findings suggest a possible enkephalinergic mechanism underlying neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445547
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 171
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA synthesis in CD4- and CD8-positive cells in synovial fluid of patients with reactive and rheumatoid arthritis (1989)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 8 (1989), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Activated lymphocytes ; Autoradiography ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytotoxic lymphocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of MHC class I antigens and microbial antigens derived from the triggering infection of the diseased joints in reactive arthritis (ReA) seems to set the stage for local immune activation. In this report activated lymphocytes are demonstrated by using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method combined with autoradiography that identifies DNA synthesis and, thus, activation. Most of the activated T lymphocytes in reactive arthritis were found to belogn to the CD8 suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte subset. In striking contrast, the majority of the activated T lymphocytes detected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid belonged to the CD4 helper/inducer subset. These findings agree well with the assumption that CD8-positive cells identify the foreign antigen in the context of class I antigens, whereas CD4-positive cells are found to be associated with the recognition of MHC locus II coded HLA antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270983
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 172
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of brain tumours in rats using laser-induced fluorescence and haematoporphyrin derivative (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032454
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 173
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial lining cells (1989)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 9 (1989), S. 49-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Synovium ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cells making up the lining of the synovium have long been known as type A and B synoviocytes, with an intermediate form sometimes also described. Accumulating evidence shows that the type A cells are macrophages and the type B cells are fibroblasts. Recently, a definite orientation of these cells within the synovial lining has been observed. The number of synovial lining cells increases in joint disease, and this now seems more likely to be due to cellular recruitment rather than local proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270244
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 174
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with pulmonary lymphangitic spread diagnosed by lung biopsy (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma ; Transthoracic lung biopsy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distant metastases from occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, which is defined as a tumor less than 15 mm in diameter, are extremely rare. A 21-year-old patient with miliary micronodular densities in both lungs is described, in whom pulmonary lymphangitic spread of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed by thransthoracic lung biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718031
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 175
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The activation of 3H-labeled N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine by isolated hamster pancreas cells (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 115 (1989), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Alkyl guanines ; Pancreas DNA ; Nitrosamines ; Acinar cells ; Duct cells ; Hamster ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activation of 3H-labeled N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine ([3H]BOP) by pancreas acinar and duct tissue from Syrian hamsters and MRC-Wistar rats in vitro was measured as DNA alkylation. Hamster tissue was incubated with [3H]BOP (0.1 mM; 20 μCi/ml) for 2 h. Initial levels of alkylation were similar, 41.7±3.7 (acinar) and 51.5±7.8 (duct) dpm/μg DNA. Alkylation persisted for longer in duct (t/2〉46 h) than in acinar tissue (t/2=6 h). The faster repair of alkylation in acinar tissue was not due to acinar cell death. In rat duct tissue the level of alkylation 2 h after incubation (38.9±4.5 dpm/μg DNA) was similar to that in hamster ducts but declined more rapidly (t/2=27 h). Hamster and rat acinar and duct tissue was incubated with BOP followed by [3H]thymidine to measure DNA synthesis. BOP stimulated DNA synthesis in hamster but not in rat duct tissue or hamster acinar tissue. These data support the hypothesis that the duct tissue is the target tissue for BOP in Syrian hamsters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391599
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 176
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical versus biochemical estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor analysis: correlation with histological parameters (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 115 (1989), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Estrogen receptor ; Progesterone receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human breast carcinomas were evaluated for estrogen and progesterone receptors by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies (n=267) and by cytosol steroid-binding assays (n=212). The estrogen and progesterone receptor contents of the tumors correlated with histological features of differentiation, such as histological and nuclear grade, and with the amount of tumor necrosis and lymphoid infiltration. The correlation of immunohistochemically determined steroid receptor values with histological characteristics was somewhat better than that of biochemically assessed concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400963
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 177
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue polypeptide antigen expression in human prostate tumors (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 115 (1989), S. 84-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Tissue polypeptide antigen ; Prostate ; Tumor ; Metastasis ; Origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-seven specimens of benign and malignant prostatic tumors were studied for the localization of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) by an avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex technique. In addition, 23 metastases of prostatic carcinoma in other organs and 12 nonepithelial tumors of prostate also were studied. All benign and malignant tumors of epithelial origin, including their metastasis, stained positively. Non-epithelial tumors were uniformly negative. In the metastatic lesions, small foci of tumor cells and even single tumor cells could be identified by TPA staining. Immunohistochemical localization of TPA appeared to be a useful tool for assessing the micrometastases of prostatic carcinoma in other organs, especially lymph nodes, or elucidating the epithelial origin of an otherwise undifferentiated prostatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391605
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 178
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the proliferative potential of human brain tumors using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 115 (1989), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Human brain tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 ; Proliferative activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The proliferative activity of 133 human tumors of the nervous system was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 in order to evaluate the usefulness of this method for histopathological tumor grading. Ki-67 recognizes a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen present in human cells during all active phases of the cell cycle but absent in the G0 phase [Gerdes J, Schwab U, Lemke H, Stein H (1983) Int J Cancer 31:13–20]. In 28 WHO grade I and II gliomas of all major types Ki-67 indices were generally low with mean values ranging from less than 1% in pilocytic astrocytomas to 4.2% in grade II oligodendrogliomas. Individual cases of grade II astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas had, however, values up to 8.5%. In 13 primary anaplastic gliomas of WHO grade III consistently higher statistical means were obtained with values ranging from 8.6% for anaplastic astrocytomas to 14.2% for anaplastic mixed gliomas. Interestingly, 18 WHO grade IV glioblastomas demonstrated a mean value of only 7%, which is probably due to the pronounced phenothypic heterogeneity in this tumor group. This heterogeneity results in enormous intraand intertumor variability in Ki-67 indices (range 〈1%–22.1%). Investigation of 17 recurrent gliomas revealed mean values for Ki-67 ranging from 1.7% for three WHO grade II astrocytomas up to 48.5% obtained in two highly anaplastic recurrent astrocytomas corresponding to WHO grade IV. Other tumors of the nervous system evaluated included 9 medulloblastomas (mean 17.9%, range 5.0%–42.0%), 17 benign meningiomas (mean 1.1%, range 0%–5%), 15 metastatic carcinomas (mean 16.5%, range 〈1%–46.0%), and individual tumors of various types. Our results indicate that Ki-67 immunohistochemistry can add useful additional information for histopathological grading which, by supplementing and refining the traditional WHO grading system, might lead to a better assessment of the biological behaviour of human tumors of the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397921
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 179
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ragged-red fibres detected in paraffin sections by a monoclonal antibody to inner mitochondrial membrane (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 236 (1989), S. 482-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Mitochondrial myopathy ; Ragged-red fibres ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical method is reported using the M-II68 monoclonal antibody, which detects mitochondrial accumulations (“ragged-red fibres”) in routinely processed (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) muscle tissue. Ten cases with electron-microscopically and histochemically proven mitochondrial myopathy featured 4% to 24% ragged-red fibres. In a series of 50 muscle biopsies without mitochondrial myopathy, scattered ragged-red fibres (〈0.1%) were present in a few normal and pathological muscles. The immunohistochemical method is specific for mitochondria, does not require frozen tissue and permits rapid examination of large areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328512
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 180
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of β-protein in Alzheimer-type dementia brains (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 236 (1989), S. 214-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alzheimer-type dementia ; Senile plaque ; Amyloid deposit ; β-Protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study with a polyclonal anti-β-protein antiserum was performed in order to understand the mechanism of deposition of amyloid fibrils in senile plaques in Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). Serial cortical sections cut from ATD brains were necessary to investigate the structural correlation between senile plaques and blood vessels. The senile plaques were stained well and a blood vessel or capillary-like structure was found in most of β-protein-immunoreactive deposits. These findings may suggest an involvement of blood vessels in the formation of at least some of the amyloid deposits in ATD brains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314502
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 181
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The in vivo and in vitro effect of calmodulin antagonists on the renal actions of 25(OH) vitamin D3 in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 415 (1989), S. 372-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Phosphaturia ; Parathyroid hormone ; 25 Hydroxy-vitamin D3 ; Trifluoperazine ; Adenylate cyclase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous work from this laboratory has demonstrated that 25(OH) vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] acutely suppresses the phosphaturic action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and interferes with the PTH-induced activation of adenylate cyclase (AC). Calmodulin inhibitors block vitamin D-induced Ca2+ transport in the gut and phosphorus uptake in renal BBMV's. We have examined whether calmodulin antagonists affect the renal action of 25(OH)D3. Acute clearance experiments were performed in PTH-infused parathyroidectomized rats receiving 25(OH)D3 after pretreatment with trifluoperazine (TFP) or promethazine (P). In vitro PTH-induced activation of renal AC was also studied in membrane preparations from pretreated rats in the presence of 25(OH)D3. 25(OH)D3 reduced the PTH-stimulated increase in fractional excretion of phosphorus (CP/CIn) from 0.292±0.024 to 0.195±0.018 (p〈0.005) and urinary cAMP from 149.3±20.3 to 78.1±10.4 pmol/min (p〈0.01) and also blunted AC activation in vitro. TFP but not P abolished the effects of 25(OH)D3 both in vivo and in vitro. R 24571 also abolished the in vitro effect of 25(OH)D3. Thus, (1) TFP abolishes both the antiphosphaturic and the AC/cAMP-related actions of 25(OH)D3, (2) P does not have these effects, and (3) R 24571 abolishes the in vitro effect of 25(OH)D3. These results suggest that the antiphosphaturic effect of 25(OH)D3 acting via the AC/cAMP system may be calmodulin dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370890
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 182
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die portocavale Anastomose um Lebercirrhosemodell bei der Ratte —Bedeutung einer speziellen praoperativen Vorbereitung zur Senkung der Operationsletalität (1989)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 374 (1989), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Portocaval shunt ; Liver cirrhosis ; Rat ; Lethality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Lebercirrhose-Modell der Ratte hat die portocavale Anastomose eine sehr hohe Letalitet (87%). Durch eine präoperative Vorbereitung mittels einer Therapie, die einen eta blierten Stellenwert in der Behandlung der portosy stemischen Encephalopathie hat, wird erstmals experimentell eine Senkung der Operationsletalität dokumentiert, was den konsequenten klinischen Einsatz nahelegt.
    Notes: Summarry Following portocaval anastomosis a high lethality (87%) can be observed in a standardized micronodular liver cirrhosis model. By a special preoperative regimen this lethality can be reduced to 10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01261616
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 183
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hypoxia on mitochondrial function and energy status in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rat liver (1989)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 189 (1989), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Rat ; Liver cirrhosis ; Hypoxia ; Redox state ; Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylative activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of hypoxia on hepatic mitochondrial function and energy status was studied in normal and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhotic rats. Under hypoxemia of 50 mm Hg-PaO2, hepatic energy status was suppressed both in normal and cirrhotic rats. After the reversal of hypoxia, it was completely restored in normal rats concomitant with a rapid elevation of hepatic mitochondrial redox state (overshoot phenomenon) and increase in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylative activity. By contrast, in cirrhotic rats, such an enhancement of mitochondrial function was not observed. It was clarified that cirrhotic liver mitochondria have little capacity to respond to the hypoxic stress. A lower resistance to hypoxic episode in cirrhotics might be attributable to the absence of mitochondrial enhancement which is a compensatory mechanism for the deranged energy metabolism of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852163
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 184
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in endoscopic biopsies of the human gastrointestinal tract (1989)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 189 (1989), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; ANP ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Gut ; Biopsies ; Endoscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human gastrointestinal tract, important for body salt and water balance, was investigated by endoscopic biopsy for the presence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Using immunohistochemistry, ANP-immunoreactive cells were identified in the lamina epithelialis mucosae of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon, and rectum. The findings indicate that ANP plays a role in intestinal salt and water regulation in man. ANP measurements in tissue specimens reached by endoscopic biopsy may be of major interest for future investigations on (patho-)physiological and pharmacological aspects of ANP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01855009
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 185
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of fibronectin on the fibrosing of a nerve anastomosis in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 189 (1989), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Nerve fibrosis ; Fibrin adhesives ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although the fibrin adhesion enjoys increasing success in many areas of surgery, it has not, however, become fully established in nerve anastomosis. It was in this area particularly that significant advantages were expected, especially by the avoidance of suture granulomas. As the fibrin clot dissolved prematurely, however, and dehiscences ensued, antifibrinolytic substances had to be added to the adhesive. Fibroses occurred frequently as a result, which to date encumber nerve adhesive. We examined fibronectin for its fibrosis-inducing effect, comparing both presently available fibrin adhesive systems, because one contained up to 5 times more fibronectin per milliliter than the other. On the basis of a test grouping using 100 and 1000 KIU aprotinin/ml, we were able to establish that fibronectin in fibrin adhesives possesses a fibrosis-promoting effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01855037
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 186
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of tryptophan and serotonin into the portal vein of the isolated perfused rat small intestine (1989)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 189 (1989), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Tryptophan ; Small intestine ; Rat ; Pargyline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the release of serotonin from intestinal enterochromaffin cells, we used an in vitro technique which allows studies excluding overlapping influences from outside the gut. The entire small intestine of rats fed a standard or tryptophan-enriched (3% of total) diet was totally isolated by ligatures with the exception of the superior mesentric artery and portal vein that supply and drain the intestine. Simultaneously to the vascular perfusion (Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, 0,4% human albumin, 5 mM glucose, 0.6 mM glutamine) the gut lumen was infused (buffer or 0.1 N HCL). Acidification of the gut lumen resulted in an increment of venously released tryptophan and serotonin. After feeding tryptophan-enriched food the release of tryptophan was increased. However, the total amount of released serotonin after tryptophan diet did not differ as compared to that after standard diet. Addition of a monoamino-oxidase inhibitor (pargyline) to the arterial perfusate enhanced the released amount of serotonin 3-fold in the portal venous effluent (at a concentration of 1 mM but not 0.1 mM). Recovery studies done by arterial infusions of serotonin (1 µM, 10µM) and evaluation of the amounts venously released revealed a high loss of infused serotonin (40%–70%). Our data suggest gut-born serotonin to more likely play a paracrine role than a role as a classical hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852260
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 187
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of estrus cycle on thermoregulatory responses during exercise in rats (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 58 (1989), S. 446-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Rectal temperature ; Tail vasomotor response ; Exercise ; Estrus cycle ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In female rats, rectal temperature (T re), tail vasomotor response, oxygen uptake $$\left( {\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } } \right)$$ , and carbon dioxide production $$\left( {\dot V_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } } \right)$$ were measured in proestrus and estrus stages during treadmill running at two different speeds at an ambient temperature (T a) of 24° C. Experiments were performed at 2.00–6.00 a.m., when the difference inT re was greatest between the two stages;T re at rest in the estrus stage was 0.54° C higher than in the proestrus stage. In a mild warm environment, thresholdT re for a rise in tail skin temperature (T tail) was also higher in the estrus stage than in the proestrus stage. In contrast, no difference was seen in the thresholdT re and steady stateT re at the end of exercise between proestrus and estrus stages. These values were higher at the higher work intensity. $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ was also similar between the two stages, except in the second 5 min after the beginning of exercise, when $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ was greater andT re rose more steeply in the proestrus stage. These data indicate that deep body temperature during exercise is regulated at a certain level depending on the work intensity and is not influenced by the estrus cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00643523
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 188
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin in the subcommissural organ of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 595-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Intermediate filaments ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Vimentin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meriones unguiculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The chemical composition of intermediate filaments (IF's) in the ependyma of the subcommissural organ (SCO) of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) was investigated immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded tissue. Antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, neurofilament proteins and cytokeratins were used. Only GFAP and vimentin were detected in the non-specialized diencephalic ependyma and in the ependymocytes of the SCO. Staining could be observed in apical and basal processes of the SCO-cells. The latter processes extended into the posterior commissure up to the subpial surface, thus establishing a well-developed leptomeningeal route of ependymal projections. In contrast to the homogeneous vimentin-labeling, the SCO was particularly immunoreactive for GFAP in its lateral aspects and in the supraand precommissural parts. The coexpression of GFAP and vimentin in a subclass of SCO-ependymocytes was demonstrated on differentially immunostained semithin sections. The present study confirms the glial nature of the SCO-ependyma, which has been a matter of debate recently. It appears from this investigation that the high degree of secretory activity in the SCO does not necessarily lead to the disappearance of glial IF proteins. Moreover, the SCO-cells belong to the expanding group of mature astroglia, which is characterized by coexpression of GFAP and vimentin. The morphological similarity between SCO-ependymocytes and tanycytes is underscored by their common immunoreactivity against these two IF proteins. In view of the absence of GFAP from the rat SCO, interspecific differences must be considered in the evaluation of the IF protein composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218796
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 189
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of the gastrointestinal canal of the toad Bufo marinus by neurons containing 5-hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 601-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons ; Serotonin ; Bufo marinus (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gut of the toad, Bufo marinus, was examined for evidence of enteric neurons containing 5-hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity. Such neurons were absent from the stomach. They were present in the small intestine, with processes confined to the myenteric plexus. Immunoreactive nerve cell bodies lay on branches of the pelvic nerves supplying the large intestine; fibres were found in the submucosa of the posterior large intestine and in the muscularis externa of the anterior large intestine. It is concluded, on morphological grounds, that the neurons in the small intestine are interneurons, whereas those in the large intestine are postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218797
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 190
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the bovine heart: high degree of coexistence with neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart-conducting system ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Neuropeptide Y ; Dopamine-betahydroxylase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is not known whether VIP coexists with other neuropeptides or neurotransmitters in the heart. In the present study, the distribution of nerve fibers showing VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) in various parts of the bovine heart was compared with that of fibers possessing neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)-LI. It was found that fibers showing VIP-LI most regularly occurred in the regions of sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes and intracardiac ganglia, the nerve fibers being associated with nodal and ganglionic cells and arterial walls. Furthermore, it was observed that almost all fibers showing VIP-LI also exhibited NPY-LI. The fibers displaying VIP-LI occurred close to fibers endowed with DBH-LI, and on some occasions it appeared that varicosities showing immunolabeling for VIP also displayed DBH-LI. VIP- and NPY-LI, but not DBH-LI, was detected in some of the intracardiac ganglionic cells. The observations are discussed in relation to the previously known distribution and function of VIP in the heart and other organs. Further studies examining the effects of VIP and NPY in the heart should take into account possible interactions between these two peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224726
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 191
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of endocrine cells in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract of the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus (Insectivora) (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract ; Gastric mucosa ; Gastrointestinal endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Suncus murinus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus (Family Soricidae, Order Insectivora) was studied immunohistochemically. The hormones investigated were gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, secretin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), motilin and neurotensin. In the gastric mucosa, gastrin and somatostatin cells were only found in the pyloric regions, and no other hormonal cell-types were observed. In the intestinal mucosa, the largest number of endocrine cells belonged to the gastrin and glucagon/glicentin cell-types, whereas CCK-33/39 and secretin cells were the least numerous. Numbers of other cell-types were intermediate between these two groups. The gastrin and GIP cells were mostly localized in the proximal portion of the intestine, decreasing in number towards the distal portion. The motilin and CCK-33/39 cells were restricted to the proximal half. The glucagon/glicentin and neurotensin cells were most abundant in the middle portion. The somatostatin and secretin cells, although only present in small numbers, were randomly distributed throughout the intestine. This characteristic distribution of gastrointestinal endocrine cells is discussed in comparison with the distribution patterns of other mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239456
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 192
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The blood-testis barrier and its breakdown following immunization to testis material in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 491-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood-testis barrier ; Immune responses ; Tracer studies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The blood-testis barrier and its changes following immunization to testis material, were investigated by light- and electron microscopy in a teleost fish, the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, using horseradish peroxidase and bovine serum albumin as tracers. In the normal testis, histochemistry using horseradish peroxidase revealed that a barrier composed of junctional complexes connecting adjacent Sertoli cells existed around the central lumina of the seminal lobules, and also around the germ-cell cysts containing spermatids at the middle or late phase of chromatin condensation. By contrast, bovine serum albumin was prevented from passing through the basement membrane and could not penetrate any of the spermatogenetic cysts, indicating that the basement membrane may be an ion-selective barrier. In tilapia immunized with allogeneic testis homogenate emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, bovine serum albumin could penetrate the spermatogenetic cysts, and horseradish peroxidase was able to pass through the intercellular spaces between Sertoli cells to the region nearer the seminal lobule lumen, due to the junctional complexes becoming loosened. The results suggest that the blood-testis barrier, both junctional complexes and the basement membrane, are broken down during immune responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218861
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 193
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GABA-like immunoreactivity in the suboesophageal ganglion of the locust Schistocerca gregaria (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 53-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Immunohistochemistry ; Salivary neurones ; Schistocerca gregaria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurones in the suboesophageal ganglion of the locust Schistocerca gregaria were stained with an antiserum raised against gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). This ganglion consists of the fused mandibular, maxillary and labial neuromeres. Immunoreactive cell bodies of similar size and distribution occur in the lateral, ventral and middorsal regions of all three neuromeres. Approximately 200 cell bodies stain in both the mandibular and maxillary neuromeres and 270 in the labial neuromere. A few distinctly larger cells occur in the ventral groups and one large pair occurs in the lateral group of the maxillary neuromere. Dorsal commissures DCIV and DCV are composed mainly of stained fibres, while DCI–DCIII are largely unstained. A ventral commissure also stains in the maxillary neuromere. All longitudinal tracts contain both stained and unstained fibres. Many processes within the neuropil are also immunoreactive. A stained axon is found in the posterior tritocerebral commissure which enters the anterior dorsal region of the mandibular neuromere. The salivary branch of the 7th nerve contains one stained axon and two axons stain in nerve 8 which innervates neck muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223144
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 194
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectopic Purkinje-like cells are GABAergic: Immunohistochemistry with an immune serum against glutamic acid decarboxylase (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 437-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Purkinje cells ; Ectopia ; GABA ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intensely stained cells are found in the cerebellar white matter of the vermis and paravermis in adult rats after immunoreaction with an immune serum raised against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). The cells are similar in size to cortical Purkinje cells and three times the size of Golgi cells of the internal granule layer, and have a thick immunopositive cell process emerging from a welldefined cytoplasmic cone. In the cytoplasm, immunoprecipitates are more dense around the nucleus as in normally located Purkinje cells. The morphological appearance of the immunopositive cells suggests that they may be ectopically located Purkinje cells. The soma of the ectopic Purkinje cells is contacted by a few darkly stained terminal boutons. Data indicate that, in spite of the different cellular environment, ectopic Purkinje cells can develop not only the typical morphological pattern already described but also other intrinsic features, such as their typical inhibitory neurotransmitter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239466
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the elasmobranch fish, Scyliorhinus canicula (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corticotropin-releasing factor hormone ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Hypothalamus ; Scyliorhinus canicula (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and localization of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the brain and pituitary of the elasmobranch fish Scyliorhinus canicula, were studied by means of specific radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Brain and pituitary extracts showed a good cross-reactivity with the ovine CRF antiserum, but serial dilutions of tissue samples did not completely parallel the standard curve. Relatively high concentrations of CRF-like material were found within the pituitary, diencephalon, and telencephalon. CRF-like immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the preoptic nucleus and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. Numerous immunoreactive cells appeared to be of the CSF-contacting type. CRF-like immunopositive fibers were seen to run through the hypothalamus within the ventro-medial floor of the infundibular region. A dense plexus of immunoreactive nerve endings terminated in the median eminence and the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary. These results indicate that a neurosecretory system containing CRF-like immunoreactivity exists in the brain of elasmobranchs, a group of vertebrates which has diverged early from the evolutionary line leading to mammals. In addition, our data support the notion that a CRF-like molecule is involved in the regulation of corticotropic and melanotropic cell activity in this primitive species of fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218865
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 196
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of neuropeptides in the intestine of two stomachless teleosts (Poecilia reticulata, Leuciscus idus melanotus) under conditions of feeding and starvation (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteroendocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bombesin ; Enkephalin ; Gastrin/CCK ; 5-HT ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neurotensin ; Substance P ; VIP ; Intestine ; Starvation ; Leuciscus idus melanotus ; Poecilia reticulata (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endocrine cells containing bombesin-, enkephalin-, gastrin/CCK-, 5-HT-, and substance P-like material were demonstrated in the alimentary tract of Poecilia reticulata and Leuciscus idus melanotus. Endocrine cells with neuropeptide-Y-like immunoreactivity were found only in P. reticulata, those with VIP-like immunoreactivity only in L. idus melanotus. Gut nerves showing bombesin-, G/CCK-5-HT-, neurotensin-, substance P-and VIP-like immunoreactivity were observed in both species investigated, enkephalin- and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in P. reticulata alone. The distribution and amount of endocrine cells and nerves along the gut as visualized with the appropriate antisera varied in both teleosts. Histologically, the intestinal tract of these stomachless fish can be divided into three regions. A large number of endocrine cells with VIP-like immunoreactivity was noted in the rectum of L. idus melanotus. Endocrine cells containing bombesin-, enkepha-lin- and substance P-like material were found only in intestinal parts I and II in L. idus melanotus. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was absent from intestinal part I of P. reticulata. The influence of starvation on the immunoreactivity of nerves and enteroendocrine cells in the teleost intestine was examined. After a starvation period of more than 6 weeks, no alterations were observed either in the appearance or amount of nerve and endocrine cell immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229087
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the cardiovascular nerve plexus of the elasmobranchs Raja erinacea and Raja radiata (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ; Catecholamines ; Cardiovascular system, innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Elasmobranchs (Raja erinacea, Raja radiata, Squalus acanthias) ; Teleosts (Gadus morhua, Salmo gairdneri)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of nerves showing neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the cardiovascular system of elasmobranchs and teleosts has been investigated. Two species of teleosts, the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and three species of elasmobranchs, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), the little skate (Raja erinacea) and the starry ray (Raja radiata), were used in this study. An innervation of the cardiovascular system by an NPY-like substance was found only in the two species of Raja. A rich innervation was encountered in these skates, with the highest density of fibres in the wall of the ventricle, the conus arteriosus, the coeliac artery and smaller mesenterial vessels. In the vessels, the fibres formed a plexus at the adventitio-mediol border. Few fibres were found in the walls of the dorsal aorta, the sinus venosus and the atrium, and no fibres were observed in the walls of the ventral aorta. Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry showed the presence of a rich innervation of arteries and arterioles of the gut by catecholamine-containing nerve fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218782
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in the junctional complex of cells in the arachnoid layer of the rat after cold injury (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arachnoid cells ; Tight and gap junctions ; Cold injury ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracture technique ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The junctional complexes of cells in the outer arachnoid layer overlying the cerebral cortex of 2-week-old rats were examined with freeze-fracture electron microscopy up to 60 min after transcranial cold injury to the dorsal surface of the brain. Within 30 min after injury, areas of gap and tight junctions with morphological features characteristic of junction formation and/or junction disruption were found scattered among normal junctional complexes in some arachnoid cells. Within 60 min after injury, tight junctions with features typical of less leaky zonulae occludentes were present in all arachnoid cells examined. These morphological features include increases in the number of tight junctional strands and the number of strand-to-strand anatomoses. Gap junctions were interspersed among the tight junctional strands, and many were completely encircled by the strands. The increase in the number and complexity of the tight junctional strands in response to brain injury may be the morphological basis for the maintenance of the cerebrospinal fluid-blood dural barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218887
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calbindin immunoreactivity in the neurons of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of the domestic fowl (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calbindin ; Brachial spinal cord ; Dorsal root ganglion ; Immunohistochemistry ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of the vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, calbindin, was mapped in the brachial spinal cord and in the 15th dorsal root ganglion of the domestic fowl, using fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Cell somata of the dorsal root ganglion ranged in area from 200 μm2 to 2000 μm2. Sixteen percent of cell bodies displayed calbindin immunoreactivity. Reactivity occurred in both the small and large sensory neurons. These were randomly distributed within each ganglion. In the spinal cord, calbindin immunoreactivity was intense in Lissauer's tract, and in nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies within laminae 1 to 3 of the dorsal horn. Scattered varicose fibres were observed in laminae 4 to 7. Immunoreactivity was intense in laminae 10 where nerve fibres formed a meshwork around the central canal. Immunoreactive perikarya were occasionally observed in the outer region of lamina 10 and between laminae 8 and 9. The perikarya of the large motoneurons of lamina 9 were not reactive although they were enmeshed in calbindin-immunoreactive fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221645
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of hypocalcin in the endocrine cells of the corpuscles of Stannius in three teleost species (trout, flounder and goldfish) (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 651-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpuscles of Stannius ; Hypocalcin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Carassius auratus ; Hippoglossoides elassodon ; Salmo gairdneri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to identify the cell-type responsible for the production of hypocalcin (the recently isolated hypocalcemic hormone of teleost fish), the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of trout, flounder and goldfish, were immunocytochemically stained with antisera raised against trout hypocalcin. The secretory granules of the type-1 cells of the CS, considered to be the hypocalcin-producing cells, showed intense immunoreactivity in all species examined. However, in trout and flounder, the secretory granules produced by the type-2 cells, which have been suggested to represent a functionally different cell-type, also showed an intense immunoreactivity. In goldfish, no type-2 cells were observed. We tentatively conclude that type-1 and type-2 cells represent structurally different forms of the same functional cell-type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218804
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...