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  • 1985-1989  (230)
  • 1989  (230)
  • Rat  (120)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (116)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GABA-immunoreactive cells in the rat gastrointestinal epithelium (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: GABA ; Immunocytochemistry ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Epithelium ; Enteroendocrine cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen sections of the corpus ventriculi, antrum pyloricum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon from animals perfusion fixed with glutaraldehyde were treated with an antiserum specific for glutaraldehyde-fixed GABA and processed by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method. Semithin plastic sections from the antrum pyloricum were treated similarly. Stained cells appeared in the epithelium of all segments examined except the corpus ventriculi. The highest density of cells was observed along the major curvature of the antrum pyloricum. Here they were located in the bottom half of the gastric glands. Many of the cells showed a process extending towards the glandular lumen. No significant staining in the epithelium appeared when the antiserum was preincubated with glutaraldehyde-GABA complexes, nor when the anti-GABA serum was exchanged with anti-glycine or preimmune serum. The present findings and previous physiological data suggest that GABA may play a role in gut endocrine regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326586
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative analysis of the development of the pyramidal tract in the cervical spinal cord in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pyramidal tract ; Rat ; Development ; Axon loss ; Myelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative electron microscopic analysis was undertaken of the development of the pyramidal tract, at the level of the third cervical spinal segment, in rats ranging in age from the day of birth to three months old. The axon number was calculated as the product of axon density, determined in a systematic random sample of electron micrographs, and tract area. During the first postnatal week the tract contains thin unmyelinated axons and growth cones. Growth cones are abundant in neonatal rats, but can still be observed occasionally at the end of the first postnatal week, indicating a continuous addition of pyramidal tract axons during the first postnatal week. Myelination starts around P10. By the end of the first postnatal month approximately 50% of the axons have already been myelinated. Myelination proceeds during further maturation, but in the three month old rat 28% of the axons are still unmyelinated. The total number of axons increases rapidly after birth up to 153 000 at the fourth postnatal day. Subsequently, the number of axons is reduced by nearly 50% to 79 000 in the adult rat. The axon loss is most prominent during the second postnatal week, when 32 000 axons are climinated, but continues for several weeks at a slower rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305064
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the development of the adenohypophysial cells in the lizard Gallotia galloti (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Development ; Adenohypophysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lizard ; Gallotia galloti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical methods have been used to study the embryonic and postnatal development of the hormone-producing cells in the adenohypophysis of the lizard Gallotia galloti. In this species, Rathke's pouch is formed between stages 30 to 32 of the embryonic development, although the first sign of immunoreactivity to antisera against adenohypophysial hormones occurs in stage 33 in the pars distalis anlage. These cells derive from the dorsal face of Rathke's pouch and are immunoreactive to anti-ACTH serum. The cytodifferentiation of ACTH and MSH cells occurs in the pars intermedia in stage 34. The TSH cells appear at stage 35 and the gonadotrope cells at stage 37. These cells derive from both the dorsal and ventral face of the Rathke's pouch. The LTH cells are revealed at stage 39 and are only originated from the dorsal face. The STH cells, which come from the dorsal as well as ventral face, are the last secretory cells differentiated just before hatching. During postnatal development an increase and also a redistribution of the immunoreactive cells occur until acquiring the adult distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309765
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical studies on neuron-specific enolase in developing rat vallate papillae (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ontogeny ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Taste buds ; Vallate papillae ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The detailed morphology of the nerve fibers and the taste bud cells in developing vallate papillae of the rat tongue was investigated utilizing the immunoperoxidase technique to detect neuron-specific enolase (NSE). For convenience of description, five stages of development were defined: Stage 1, the fifteenth and the sixteenth embryonic day (E15–E16): NSE like immunoreactive (NSE-) nerve fibers, with some random arborization, appeared around the median lingual sulcus at the base of the tongue; Stage 2 (E16–E17): NSE-nerve fibers invading the central core of newly formed vallate papilla and underlying the apical epithelium of the papilla; Stage 3 (E18–E21): round-shaped undifferentiated NSE-taste bud cells appearing in the apical epithelium; Stage 4, the first day of postnatal age (P1): NSE-taste bud cells migrated to the side epithelium, lining the gutter beneath which the nerve plexus formed during E18–E21, and extended cytoplasmic process toward the surface and/or the basal lamina; Stage 5 (P3–P5): NSE-nerve fibers and spindle-shaped NSE-taste bud cells with a typical figure of taste bud cells appeared in newly formed taste buds in the side epithelium, lining the gutter. The sequential topographic development of nerve preceding NSE-taste bud cells in precise morphological locations, suggests that the ingress of precursor NSE-taste bud cells and their subsequent differentiation are contingent upon initial neural derived ontologic signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal development of thyrotrophs in the rat anterior pituitary as studied by immunogold electron microscopy (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Thyrotroph (TSH cell) ; Anterior pituitary ; Immunogold electron microscopy ; Postnatal development ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyrotrophs (TSH cells) of the rat anterior pituitary identified by immunogold electron microscopy were classified into three subtypes according to their morphological characteristics: Immature type TSH cells are oval with a few small secretory granules (50–100 nm in diameter) and poorly developed cell organelles. These cells are frequently found in the neonatal stage between birth and 10 days of age. The intermediate type is polygonal or stellate, containing a moderate number of medium sized secretory granules (80–120 nm in diameter) and moderately or well developed cell organelles. Cells of this type are often found between 10 and 30 days of age. Mature type cells are large and polygonal in shape, and contain many large secretory granules (120–180 nm in diameter) and well developed cell organelles. Cells of the last type are frequently found at more than 30 days of age. At 45 days of age the mature type TSH cells make up about 70% of all TSH cells. The proportion of immature type cells was shown to decrease while the proportion of the mature type TSH cells increases, as the animal grows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309773
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptogenesis in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 243-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ; Synapse formation ; Synaptic glomerulus ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synapse formation and maturation were examined in the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) from birth to adulthood. Examination of animals, whose ages were closely spaced in time, showed that the maturation of the synaptic organization of the nucleus takes place chiefly during the first 3 weeks of postnatal life. This period of maturation may be divided into 3 broad stages. During the first stage, which spans the first 4 days of life, there are only a few immature synapses scattered throughout the nucleus; occasionally aggregates of 3 or 4 synapses are encountered. Dendrodendritic synapses first appear at the end of this stage. The second stage, which lasts from the end of the first stage through day 8, is characterized by intensive synaptogenesis as well as extensive growth and degeneration. For the first time, large boutons resembling retinal terminals form multiple synaptic contacts with dendrites and dendritic protrusions; these synaptic arrangements are partially covered by glial processes. A feature characteristic of the developing dLGN during the first 2 postnatal weeks, and particularly during the second stage, is the presence of membrane specializations that resemble vacant postsynaptic densities. These specializations, which may be unapposed or opposite another neuronal process, decrease in frequency as the number of synapses increases. It is not known whether these densities are converted to synapses or whether they result from loss of presynaptic elements. The third stage in the process of synaptogenesis, which spans a period between days 10 and 20, is characterized by myelination and by the diminution of growth cones, degenerating profiles and vacant postsynaptic densities. There is also a very significant increase in the number and maturation of synapses including synaptic glomeruli. However, it is not until the end of this stage that synapses appear qualitatively indistinguishable from synaptic arrangements identified in adult animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315883
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creatine kinase isozyme expression in embryonic chicken heart (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Distribution pattern ; Creatine kinase isozymes ; Embryonic chicken heart ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution pattern of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isozymes in developing chicken heart was studied by immunohistochemistry. Creatine kinase M, which is absent from adult heart, is transiently expressed between 4 and 11 days of incubation. During that period, numerous muscular cells in the roof and septum of the atrium, in the interventricular septum and on top of the trabeculae cordis and at the rim of the outflow tract stain strongly with a polyclonal antibody that is specific for the M subunit. In the ventricle and outflow tract, the M-positive cells are found mainly subendocardially and in the right half, at the transition of conducting and working myocytes. Creatine kinase B, which is the predominant adult isozyme, is initially expressed to a high concentration in a small group of disperse myocardial cells in the upstream part of the inflow tract. When compared to the expression pattern of cardiac myosin heavy chains, the observed creatine kinase expression pattern suggests that M-positive cells are mainly found in areas that participate in the formation of cardiac conductive tissue, whereas B-positive cells are first found in areas that are involved in the generation of cardiac rhythm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305065
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal development of the corticospinal tract in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Corticospinal tract ; Development ; Myelination ; Pyramidal tract ; Anterograde tracing ; Electronmicroscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish-peroxidase was used to anterogradely label and thus to trace the growth of corticospinal axons in rats ranging in age from one day to six months. Three to eight HRP-gels were implanted in the left cerebral hemisphere of the cortex. In each spinal cord three levels were studied, the cervical intumescence (C5), the mid-thoracic region (T5) and the lumbar enlargement (L3). The methodology employed for the electron microscopic visualization of HRP has been described previously (Joosten et al. 1987a). The outgrowth of labelled unmyelinated corticospinal tract axons in the rat spinal cord primarily occurs during the first ten postnatal days. The outgrowth of the main weve of these fibres is preceded by a number of pathfinding axons, characterized by dilatations at their distal ends, the growth cones. By contrast, later appearing unmyelinated axons, which presumably grow along the pathfinding axons, do not exhibit such growth cones. The first labelled pioneer axons can be observed in the cervical intumescence at postnatal day one (P1), in the mid-thoracic region at day three (P3) and in the lumbar enlargement at day five (P5). Prior to the entrance of the axons, the prospective corticospinal area or the pre-arrival zone is composed of fascicles consisting of unlabelled, unmyelinated fibres surrounded by lucent amorphous structures. During the outgrowth phase of the corticospinal fibres some myelinated axons could be observed within the outgrowth area even before day 14. These axons, however, were never labelled. These findings strongly suggest that the outgrowth area, which is generally denoted as the pyramidal tract, contains other axons besides the corticospinal fibres (and glial cells). The process of myelination of the labelled corticospinal tract axons in the rat spinal cord starts rostrally (C5) at about day 14 and progresses caudally during the third and fourth postnatal weeks. Although myelination seems to be largely complete at day 28 at all three spinal cord levels, some labelled unmyelinated axons are still present in the adult stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319587
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of nerve fibers showing substance P-like immunoreactivity in the conduction system of the bovine heart: dense innervation in the atrioventricular bundle (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Substance P ; Heart innervation ; Conduction system ; AV bundle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is limited information on the distribution of nerve fibers containing substance P (SP) in the heart conduction system. Therefore, in the present study, the various parts of the conduction system of the bovine heart were examined by the use of an SP-antiserum and immunohistochemistry. Nerve fibers showing SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) occurred in the proximities of conduction cells in all parts of the conduction system, but were present in greatly larger numbers in the AV bundle than in the other parts. The nerve fibers showed a predilection for certain regions of the bundles of conduction cells (Purkinje fiber bundles) in the AV bundle and the bundle branches and their ramifications. Nerve fibers showing SP-LI also occurred in the walls of the arteries and in association with some the ganglionic cells located in the regions of the conduction system. None of the ganglionic cells exhibited SP-LI. The observations are discussed in relation to what is known of the function of SP in the heart and of the distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers in the conduction system. As SP is regarded as a marker of afferent fibers the observations support the view that afferent nerve fibers are present throughout the conduction system. It is likely that the existence of a significant SP-innervation in the conduction system is of importance for the function of this part of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319591
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of electrical stimulation of the superior cervical ganglia on the number of “synaptic” ribbons and the activity of melatonin-forming enzymes in the rat pineal gland (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 341-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Melatonin synthesis ; Pineal gland ; Rat ; “Synaptic” ribbons ; Sympathetic stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Melatonin metabolism in the mammalian pineal gland is under the clear influence of sympathetic fibers originating in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Previous studies suggested that pineal “synaptic” ribbons (SR) as well are regulated by the gland's sympathetic innervation. To gain more insight into the mechanisms involved, we examined the effects of sympathetic stimulation on SR number and on the activity of melatonin forming enzymes, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydoxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). The SCG in adult male rats were stimulated electrically during daytime for either 15 or 120 min. Immediately following stimulation, the glands were removed and processed for electron microscopy and for the determination of NAT and HIOMT activities. No differences in pineal SR number, size or location were found in rats stimulated with either parameters when compared with sham-stimulated or control animals. While the activity of HIOMT remained unchanged, the activity of NAT was also unaltered following 15 min of stimulation, but was augmented approximately three-fold in animals stimulated for 120 min. It is concluded that if SR in the rat pineal gland are under sympathetic control, the regulation is different from that involved in melatonin formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305060
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of laminin in early chicken and quail blastoderms (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Laminin ; Basement membrane ; Avian embryos ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have used immunohistochemical techniques to study laminin in quail blastoderms milked from the oviduct and the distribution of laminin in laid chicken and quail blastoderms. Laminin is a constituent of the basement membrane in both chicken and quail blastoderms. It is found at the ventral side of the upper layer cells. Laminin is first observed under individual upper layer cells in prelaid quail blastoderms 15 h post-ovulation, but is absent at the ingression site of endophyll cells. The presence of a continuous laminin layer coincides with the epithelialization of the epiblast after 5–10 h incubation. The laminin layer is discontinuous at the primitive streak and at Hensen's node. It is thinner and partly discontinuous at the median part of the neural plate. By induction, either of an ectopic primitive streak or a neural plate, we have demonstrated, using the chicken-quail nucleolar marker technique, that at these sites the laminin layer is interrupted. A laminin layer might confer rigidity onto the epiblast, whereas disruption of a laminin layer seems to be correlated with ingression of cells or bending of the neural plate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321901
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenesis of experimental rabies in mice: an immunohistochemical study (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Encephalitis ; Encephalomyelitis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathogenesis ; Rabies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spread of rabies virus in the central nervous system of mice was examined after hindlimb footpad and intracerebral inoculation of the CVS strain of fixed rabies virus. All mice developed paralytic rabies. After intracerebral inoculation there was early simultaneous infection of neurons in the cerebral cortex and pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, and later there was spread to the cerebellum. After high-dose intracerebral inoculation there was early infection ependymal cells lining the lateral ventricles and neurons adjacent to the central canal of the spinal cord, suggesting that rabies virus entry into the CNS occurs, at least in part, by a cerebrospinal fluid pathway. The sequence of involvement was different after hindlimb footpad inoculation. Infection became established in the cerebellum on day 5, in the cerebral cortex on day 6, and in the hippocampus on day 8. CA3 was initially affected, CA1 became infected 2 days later, and there was much less involvement of the dentate gyrus. Hippocampal infection occurred late relative to the rest of the brain after peripheral inoculation, but not after intracerebral inoculation. The hippocampus is not a good location for the detection of early brain infection after peripheral inoculation, although it may be involved when a natural rabies vector has the ability to transmit infection. These findings also raise questions about the mechanisms for the limbic dysfunction observed in clinical rabies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688204
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reappraisal of neurofibrillary tangles (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 258-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibrillary tangles ; Alzheimer's disease ; Pick bodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the immunohistochemical reactivity and ultrastructure of both neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) occurring with severe neurofibrillary diseases, and Pick bodies (PBs) associated with Pick's disease. The NFTs and PBs did not react immunohistochemically with the anti-nonphosphorylated neurofilament monoclonal antibody irrespective of whether they were pretreated with alkaline phosphatase. In granular neurons of the dentate fascia of Ammon's horn in cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), NFTs either resembled PB-like inclusion bodies (Horoupian's inclusion bodies) in form, or had a perinuclear structure. Immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, the NFTs in the dentate fascia in cases of DAT, including Horoupian's inclusion bodies, were similar to the NFTs in the pyramidal neurons of Ammon's horn, which are found most frequently in association with severe neurofibrillary diseases. Under a light microscope, Horoupian's inclusion bodies and PBs could not be differentiated and appeared to be argyrophilic round cytoplasmic inclusions in granular neurons of the dentate fascia. There were, however, ultrastructural differences. Horoupian's inclusion bodies consisted of bundles made up of straight tubules (STs), each about 15 nm in diameter. These bundles were intermixed with a few paired helical filaments which occurred at intervals of about 80 nm. On the other hand, PBs were composed of randomly distributed 15-nm-wide STs, intermixed with a very few fibrillary structures. These fibrils had a periodicity of about 160 nm, and ranged in width from about 15 nm to 30 nm. Horoupian's inclusion bodies associated with DAT and PBs associated with Pick's disease are different in this neuropathological aspect. The NFTs, including Horoupian's inclusion bodies in the dentate fascia in cases of DAT, are considered to be a manifestation of neurofibrillary degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687577
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferritin immunohistochemistry as a marker for microglia (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Scrapie-associated fibrils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain sections was performed with antisera against holoferritin and the light(L)-subunit of ferritin. Sections immunostained using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1) stain for microglia and iron stain (Berlin blue stain) were compared. The L-subunit of ferritin was purified from normal human spleen according to the modified scrapie-associated fibrils purification, and the antiserum was raised in a rabbit. Both ferritin antisera positively stained resting and, more markedly, reactive microglia, both of which were also stained with RCA-1 but not with GFAP. Ferritin-positive resting microglia were seen more abundantly in cerebral and cerebellar cortices than in white matter. The advantages of ferritin antisera over RCA-1 are as follows. (1) RCA-1 heavily stains blood vessels, while anti-ferritin does not, hence the microglial cells are more readily visualized with ferritin immunohistochemistry. (2) Reactive microglia and macrophages are more strongly stained with anti-ferritin. (3) The staining intensity of ferritin is independent of the length of tissue fixation in formalin. However, anti-ferritin is inferior to RCA-1 in staining resting microglia with a scanty cytoplasm, especially in the white matter, probably because the former recognizes cytoplasmic components, while the latter recognizes cell membrane. Iron stain only gave a reaction to microglial cells in brains with neurosyphilis and to hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Thus, in addition to RCA-1, ferritin antisera are useful as a microglia marker in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294369
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and immunoreactivity of cerebral micro-hamartomas in bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis 2) (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibromatosis 2 ; Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis ; Ghal hamartomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis 2, NF2) accounts for less than 10% of all cases of neurofibromatosis and manifests itself with bilateral acoustic schwannomas, multiple schwannomas of spinal nerve roots, meningiomas, glial tumors and hamartomatous CNS lesions. We have observed dysplastic foci of immature neuroectodermal cells in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of six patients afflicted with neurofibromatosis 2, ranging from occasional clusters of immature, dysplastic cells to numerous, confluent lesions. These cells, although often polymorphic and multinuclear did not show mitotic acitivity or a tendency for neoplastic transformation. To determine the histogenesis of these foci, extensive immunocytochemical reactions were carried out with antibodies to a variety of glial, neuronal and nonneural cell lineages. With the exception of S-100 protein, no immunoreactivity was detectable. S-100 was consistently expressed in these foci, irrespective of their size, location, and degree of polymorphism. On the basis of cytological appearance, distribution and immunoreactivity we tentatively designate these foci as glial micro-hamartomas. Although we did not systematically analyze the CNS of patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis 1, NF1), the present study strongly suggests that these micro-hamartomas constitute a morphological hallmark of bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (NF2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294370
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of lead in the cerebellum of suckling rats following low and high dose lead exposure (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lead ; Rat ; Cerebellum ; Particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of lead in the cerebellum of suckling Sprague-Dawley rats was examined using a nuclear microprobe for elemental mapping of tissue sections (particle-induced X-ray emission, 3-μm beam of 2.5 MeV protons; micro-PIXE). The rats were injected intraperitoneally with a lead-containing vehicle or vehicle only from ages 1 to 14 days. The calculated doses were 7.8 (low-dose) and 15.6 (high-dose) μg lead/g body weight. The rats were killed at 20 days of age. The vascular system was rinsed quickly with 0.15 M ammonium acetate to obtain determinations of intra-parenchymal lead with minimal influence of lead bound to erythrocytes and plasma proteins. Brains were frozen in propane/propylene in liquid nitrogen. Cryostat sections, 15 μm thick, were air dried on formvar coats that covered a hole, 15 mm in diameter, in a plastic disc, and were used for lead analysis by micro-PIXE. Very low concentrations of lead were found in the brain of controls. Lead levels in homogenates from cerebrum and cerebellum measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were: low-dose 1.2–2.2 μg/g wet weight and high-dose 1.4–2.4 μg/g wet weight. The lead levels measured with the micro-PIXE method were in good agreement with the levels found with AAS. Lead was present in the cerebellar white matter in two to three times higher amounts than in the cortical grey (low-dose white matter 11–18 μg/g dry weight, grey matter 2.0–5.5 μg/g dry weight). This was true for both low and high dose exposed rats. Lead concentrations in rats subjected the high-dose lead exposure were approximately 60% higher than those in low-dose exposed rats. Concentrations were lower in the Purkinje cell layer than in other parts of the cortex. These new findings on the distribution of lead in suckling rats are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of experimental lead encephalopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294372
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brachial plexus meningioma, report of a case with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 445-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ectopic meningioma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathogenesis ; Electron microcopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peripheral nerve meningiomas are exceedingly rare neoplasms of controversial origin; only four cases have been reported. Proposed origins of ectopic meningiomas include extradural trapping of arachnoid cells during embryogenesis, ectopic migration of arachnoid cell nests with the developing peripheral nerve, and metaplasia of mature peripheral nerve sheath cells or a common progenitor cell. In this report of a meningioma of the brachial plexus, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations of the tumor matched all the criteria of a traditional meningioma but failed to clarify the origins of such neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687382
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microglial and neural differentiation in human teratomas (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 258-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Teratoma ; Microglia ; Nervous tissue ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tumor markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten human teratomas arising outside the central nervous system (CNS) were studied using a panel of immunohistochemical, and lectin histochemical stains to determine the relationship of the presence of microglia to markers of neural maturity or differentiation. Microglia, identified by silver carbonate,Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1), or both were found in eight out of ten cases. They were common in mature areas which also had S-100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, neurofilament, and synaptophysin immunostaining. Microglia were distinguished from macrophages in necrotic foci. Cells which were RCA-1 positive and silver carbonate positive were found in immature neural tissues but these lacked all typical features of microglia. These observations indicate that true microglia are frequent in nonCNS teratomas and that they are found in association with other indicators of neural maturation. The presence of possible precursors in immature areas suggests that microglia undergo maturation concurrent with neural differentiation in these tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687755
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas and glioma cell lines (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 270-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Vimentin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Rat Gliomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin was investigated immuno-histochemically in 104 experimental gliomas induced by transplancental application of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in CDF rats. Immunoreactivity for vimentin was prominent in many astrocytic tumor cells and especially in small glioma cells forming anaplastic medulloblastoma-like foci in many tumors. The majority of tumor cells in oligodendroglial tumors were vimentin negative, except for some of the large polymorphous oligodendrogliomas which contained intermingled vimentin positive glioma cells. GFAP immunoreactivity was detectable only in a low fraction of tumor astrocytes and in a few exceptional cases some oligodendroglial tumor cells stained positive. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against neurofilaments and cytokeratins revealed no staining in tumor cells of ENU-induced gliomas, while all oligoden-drogliomatous tumors stained positive for HNK-1. Immunocytological and immunoblot investigations of the two rat glioma cell clones RG2 and F98, which are both derived from ENU-induced gliomas, showed a prominent expression of vimentin in monolayer cultures and in syngeneic intracerebral transplantation tumors. F98 additionally demonstrated a fraction of GFAP positive cells especially in confluent cultures and in intracerebral tumors. RG2, on the other hand, exhibited virtually no GFAP immunoreactivity in culture but showed individual GFAP positive tumor cells in intracerebral tumors. Our results revealed a more precise picture of the cellular differentiation in ENU-induced rat gliomas and in two widely used glioma cell lines. They underline the heterogeneity of experimental rat gliomas which may comprise cells at different stages of differentiation towards the oligodendroglial or astroglial phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687757
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focal accumulation of phosphorylated neurofilaments within anterior horn cell in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Phosphorylated neurofilament ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lewy body-like inclusion ; Cord-like neurite thickening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of phosphorylated neurofilament proteins within anterior horn cells in three cases of familial and six cases of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ten control cases were investigated by using a monoclonal antibody. Two distinct staining patterns of perikarya were observed; (1) homogeneous pattern; either the entire or a part of the perikaryon was immunostained homogeneously (homogeneously diffuse or partial pattern); (2) focal pattern: perikarya contained very distinct, inclusion-like focal accumulation of immunoreactive products of various morphologies such as round, ring-shaped, cord-like, tube-like and more irregular shapes. The homogeneous pattern was found in all three groups but was most common in sporadic ALS. On the other hand, the focal pattern was seen almost exclusively in familial ALS. The focal accumulation of neurofilaments appears at least in part to be related to the Lewy body-like hyaline inclusion which is known to contain neurofilaments. In addition, cord-like swellings of neurites in familial ALS also showed focal neurofilament accumulation. These observations suggest that the focal accumulation of phosphorylated neurofilaments is characteristic of familial ALS, although it may not be specific to the entity. The pathological process(es) producing the neurofilamentous abnormality may play an important role in anterior horn cell degeneration in familial ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308955
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumor arising from the pineal body (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 654-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Pineal origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor arising from pineal region of a 4-year-old girl is presented. The tumor had spread diffusely to the meninges, consistent with malignant behavior. Histologically, the tumor consisted primarily of epithelial elements arranged in tubules, cords and nests separated by fibrous vascular tissue in addition to a small neuroblastomatous focus. Melanin pigment was frequently observed in the epithelial tumor cells, and melanin-laden macrophages were also often observed. No teratoid elements were found. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase but were nonreactive for S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, α-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial nature of the tumor cells could be easily demonstrated. In addition, melanosomes in various stages in maturation were observed, indicating melanogenesis of the tumor. On the basis of the tumor location and the histological similarities previously observed for the fetal pineal body, it is very likely that this melanotic epithelial tumor could have originated from the fetal pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687894
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of the primitive and maturing elements of human cerebral medulloepitheliomas (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 248-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Medulloepithelioma ; Cytoskeletal proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four examples of human cerebral medulloepithelioma were studied immunohistochemically with a panel of antibodies and antisera to neuronal and glial proteins. The tumors, in addition to primitive medullary epithelium, contained areas of neuroblastic, ganglionic, astrocytic, ependymoblastic and ependymal differentiation, and, in one tumor, areas resembling polar spongioblastoma. Tumor cells throughout the primitive medullary epithelium displayed focal immunocreactivity for vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and for the neuron-associated class III β-tubulin isotype. Neuroblasts showed immunoreactivity for the class III β-tubulin isotype, microtubule-associated protein 2 and neuron-specific enolase. Immunoreactivity for neurofilament epitopes and synaptophysin was detected in areas of ganglionic differentiation and coincided with the demonstration of neurofibrils in Bielschowsky's silver impregnations. Vimentin was the only marker detected in ependymoblastic and ependymal rosettes or in areas of polar spongioblastoma, as well as in mesenchymal, cells. The results indicate that, even in very primitive neoplastic neuroepithelium, immunocytochemical evidence of early commitment of some of the cells to a neuronal or glial lineage can be demonstrated. The neuron-associated class III β-tubulin isotype appears to be one of the earliest markers indicative of neuronal differentiation in normal and neoplastic primitive neuroepithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294658
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical visualization of afferent nerve terminals in human globus pallidus and its alteration in neostriatal neurodegenerative disorders (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Globus pallidus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Calcineurin ; Synaptophysin ; Neuropeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The afferent nerve terminal in the human globus pallidus, which receives the projection nerve fibers from both the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus, were clearly visualized immunohistochemically using antibodies to calcineurin, synaptophysin, Met-enkephalin (MEnk) and substance P (SP). In normal control case, MEnk and SP-like immunoreactivities were densely localized in the external and internal pallidal segments, respectively, whereas calcineurin and synaptophysin were distributed throughout the globus pallidus. Calcineurin, synaptophysin, MEnk and SP-like immunoreactive peroxidase products decorated most of the long radiating dendrites and the cell bodies of the pallidal neurons. In the cases with Huntington's disease (HD) and striatonigral degeneration (SND), marked loss of calcineurin, MEnk and SP-like immunoreactivities was seen in the globus pallidus corresponding to areas of striatal neurodegeneration, whereas synaptophysin immunoreactivity remained in areas which revealed almost complete loss of calcineurin, MEnk and SP-like immunoreactivities. Calcineurin, MEnk and SP, which show difference in their localization patterns, may provide reliable markers for the striatal efferent nerve terminals, and synaptophysin for the entire pallidal afferent nerve terminals. This report demonstrates the distribution patterns of these neurochemical molecules in the globus pallidus with HD and SND.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687717
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The astroblastoma and its possible cytogenic relationship to the tanycyte (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 472-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astroblastoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Organ culture ; Tanycytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two examples of cerebral astroblastoma have been studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, one of them having been maintained in vitro in an organ-culture matrix system for 8 months and the explants studied by light and electron microscopy at different time intervals. The fine structural characteristics were those of a glial cell type with features intermediary between those of astrocytes and ependymocytes. They recapitulated the structure of the tanycyte, a glial precursor cell which is normally found scattered along the ependymal lining of the embryonal and neonatal mammalian brain, but is distinct from epithelial ependymocytes. The possible origin of some astroblastomas from such a cell would account for a number of characteristics in this enigmatic type of glioma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687708
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical analysis of T cells in primary B cell malignant lymphoma of the brain (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 27-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study was performed on small lymphoid cells present in frozen tissue sections of seven cases of primary B cell malignant lymphomas of the brain by using monoclonal antibodies to T cell (Leu-1, OKT-11, Leu-3a, and Leu-2a) and B cell (BA-1 and Leu-12) surface markers. In all the seven cases, positive reaction for Leu-1 and OKT-11 was seen in the majority of the small lymphoid cells which were dispersed among the lymphoma cells or clustered around blood vessles. The large neoplastic cells were unstained by these antibodies. Staining for T cell subsets with antibodies to Leu-3a and Leu-2a showed heterogeneous staining in each case. The ratio of Leu-3a+ to Leu-2a+ cells was less than one in six cases, demonstrating a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype predominance. Most of these small lymphoid cells were negatively stained by antibodies to BA-1 and Leu-12. From these findings, it was shown that the small lymphoid cells observed in primary B cell lymphomas of the brain were of T cell lineage, distinct from the neoplastic cells, and probably reactive in nature. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308953
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical determination of protein kinase C expression and proliferative activity in human brain tumors (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 166-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Protein kinase C ; Proliferative activity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human brain neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Protein kinase C (PKC), the major receptor for phorbol ester tumor promotors, is a phospholipid- and calcium-dependent phosphorylating enzyme which plays an important role in the intracellular signal transduction necessary for a variety of basic cellular functions including the control of cell proliferation. To determine the expression of PKC in human neurogenic tumors we investigated 121 tumors of the human nervous system by means of immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody C5. The results were compared with immunohistochemical staining for intermediate filament proteins, desmoplakins, and the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen Ki-67. Besides strong staining of normal and reactive astrocytes, C5 immunoreactivity was consistently observed in tumor cells of all types of gliomas. However, the fraction of C5 positive tumor cells varied between the different tumor types with astrocytomas and subependymomas demonstrating the strongest immunoreactivity. In the other gliomas, especially those of higher malignancy, a considerable heterogeneity in C5 expression could be observed. There was a tendency for the percentage of C5 immunostained tumor cells being lower in high-grade gliomas compared to low-grade ones and comparison with Ki-67 staining frequently revealed an inverse relationship between proliferative activity and C5 immunoreactivity. Besides the gliomas we found 3 of 7 neurinomas and 6 of 18 meningiomas which were partially C5 positive. All other tumors investigated including medulloblastomas and metastatic carcinomas were C5 negative. Our results thus indicate that immunohistochemistry for PKC using the monoclonal antibody C5 could be an useful aid for histopathological tumor classification in neurooncology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688205
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral endothelial regeneration following experimental brain injury (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cerebral endothelium ; Immunohistochemistry ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is still unknown when and in which area endothelial regeneration occurs after brain injury, and to what extent such changes depend on the severity of the injury. We have, therefore, studied bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake by regenerating endothelial cells in two different groups of rats given cold lesions using immunohistochemistry employing anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody, anti-factor VIII-related antigen antibody and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. The earliest evidence for the presence of BrdU-positive endothelial cells (BrdU+end) was observed at 2 days after injury, the injured endothelial cells regenerating from the edge toward the center of the lesion in both groups. We considered that edema fluid could act as an important factor, since at 2 days post-injury BrdU+end were not in contact with macrophages and were always found in Evans blue-stained areas. Study of endothelial cell kinetics also confirmed that the repair of injured endothelial cells was intimately involved in the reconstruction of the blood-brain barrier, since the time of disappearance of BrdU+end coincided with the disappearance of Evans blue-stained areas. The difference in the process of endothelial regeneration was first apparent on the 3rd day, there being no difference at 2 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687374
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroendocrine markers in central nervous system neuronal tumors (gangliocytoma and ganglioglioma) (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gangliocytoma ; Ganglioglioma ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuroendocrine markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied five cases of central nervous system neuronal tumor, one gangliocytoma and four gangliogliomas, both ultrastructurally and immuno-histochemically, using antibodies to neuroendocrine markers including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), serotonin (5HT), somatostatin (SOM), met-enkephalin (MEK), leu-enkephalin (LEK), substance P (SP), gastrin, vasopressin, oxytocin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, adrenocorticotropic hormone and calcitonin. In all cases, the presence of dense-core vesicles (60–250 nm) in the neuronal elements was the characteristic ultrastructural finding. Synapses were observed in two cases. Immunohistochemically, variable numbers of neuronal cells showed positive staining for SOM in five cases, TH, MEK and LEK in three cases, and 5HT and SP in one case each. The others were negative. Positive immunoreactivity for multiple markers was shown in all cases. SOM, TH, 5HT and SP were present in the small- to medium-sized cells, while MEK and LEK were almost exclusively confined to the large cells. Our study clearly indicated that these tumors contained neuronal cells which were not homogeneous with regard to neuroendocrine markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687574
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle regeneration (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 264-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Regeneration ; Growth factors ; Growth hormone ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Against the background of the importance of growth hormone (GH) for normal muscle growth, a study was performed to investigate whether lack of GH after hypophysectomy affects the cell proliferation and the local production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the early stages of muscle regeneration in adult rats. The level of IGF-I in the serum of hypophysectomised rats was reduced to about 30% of that of controls. The incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into the regenerating muscle showed a peak 6 days after the operation and then gradually declined to the end of the period of study 30 days after initiation of regeneration by ischemic necrosis. The DNA content rose to a maximum level after 6–8 days, and remained high after 30 days. There was no major difference in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in regenerating muscle of hypophysectomised and control rats, but the DNA concentration in the regenerating muscles of hypophysectomised rats was significantly reduced after 30 days. There was a corresponding reduction in the number of nuclei per muscle fibre, indicating that hypophysectomy has a small effect on the cell proliferation during the early stages of muscle regeneration. Immunohistochemical demonstration of IGF-I in the regenerating muscle revealed the transient presence of immunoreactive material in satellite cells and myotubes after 6 to 8 days of regeneration but no immunoreactivity after 30 days. No obvious difference was observed between hypophysectomised and control rats, indicating that the endogenous production of IGF-I in regenerating skeletal muscle can occur independently of GH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687756
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of epithelial membrane antigen in normal and neoplastic human ependyma (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ependyma ; Ependymoma ; Epithelial membrane antigen ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ependyma and choroid plexus of 23 normal brains and 20 ependymal tumors were examined immunohistochemically for expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) using a specific monoclonal antibody. The ependyma of normal brains showed three patterns of immunoreactivity: membrane immunoreactivity confined to the luminal surface; irregular punctate intracytoplasmic immunore-activity in the subependymal layer; and spherical and ring-like intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity in the subependymal layer. Of 13 differentiated ependymomas 11 reflected the immunoreactive patterns of normal ependyma. The anaplastic ependymomas and ependymoblastomas had no immunoreactivity. Our results indicate that EMA has a highly selective distribution in the ependyma, and is a marker for differentiated ependymoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687763
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of microglial cells in and around senile (neuritic) plaques in the Alzheimer brain (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 569-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Microglial cells ; Alzheimer's disease ; Senile plaques ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody, termed AD11/8, reactive to microglial cells, was produced by immunization of mice with partially purified amyloid fibrils of senile (neuritic) plaques. With immunoperoxidase staining on human tissues, AD11/8 also recognized macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen, Kupffer cells in the liver, and macrophages in the bone marrow. The results show that AD11/8 recognizes the antigens associated with mononuclear phagocytes lineage. In normal brains a few resting microglial cells were stained in gray matter, and less frequently in white matter. In senile dementia of the Alzheimer type numerous microglial cells were stained intensively and they often formed clusters in gray matter. By double immunostaining with AD11/8 and a polyclonal antibody against synthetic amyloid β-protein, clustered microglial cells were observed in and around senile plaques with amyloid deposits. Some amyloid plaque cores were surrounded by microglial cell processes. These results indicate that microglial cells may play an important role in senile plaque formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687883
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disseminated human neurocysticercosis (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 594-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurocysticercosis ; Pathogenesis ; Histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was based on two cases of disseminated human neurocysticercosis from India. The material availabel was examined grossly, and by light microscopy, histochemistry, immunomorphology and electron microscopy. The results showed that the parasites commonly embolized to the anatomically discernable gray-white matter junction of the brain and were located in cavities, the walls of which were dilated vascular channels. The parasite-nutrition process was through endocytosis and microtrichal activity. To camouflage themselves from the host-defense mechanisms, the parasites apparently covered themselves with host-tissue-like material. Host reactivity to the parasite was heralded morphologically by the physical anchoring of the parasite by activated endothelial cells, loss of the host-tissue-like cover and an acute polymorphonuclear leucocytic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691286
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Further confirmation of serotonin reduction in the neostriatum during hyperthermia-induced convulsions: a quantitative immunohistochemical study (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 254-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Neostriatum ; Hyperthermia ; Seizure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes occurring in serotonin neurons during hyperthermia and hyperthermia-induced convulsions were examined by quantiative immunohistochemistry. A marked increase in serotonin immunoreactivity was observed at the rostral and intermediate levels of the neostriatum of mice kept at high temperatures with no convulsions, and a significant reduction in serotonin immunoreactivity was verified throughout the neostiatum of mice which had hyperthermia-induced seizures. These results suggest that serotonin neurons change significantly during thermal stress and seizures, and that regional analysis is essential for an understanding of the role of serotonin neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687576
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcomatous proliferation of the vasculature in a subependymoma (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 332-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gliosarcoma ; Subependymoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Factor VIII-related antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a recurrent posterior fossa subependymoma in a 60-year-old man is reported. In the recurrent tumor, the vasculature had undergone apparent sarcomatous proliferation of the endothelial cells. The bizarre cells expanded and replaced the vessel walls, and stained for Factor VIII-related antigen. The literature on gliosarcomas arising in brain tumors other than high-grade gliomas is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687765
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar injury due to phenytoin. Identification and evolution of Purkinje cell axonal swellings in deep cerebellar nuclei of mice (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 289-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Purkinje cell ; Immunohistochemistry ; Axon ; Phenytoin ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study describes the identification and the ultrastructural and numerical evolution of Purkinje cell axonal swellings induced by phenytion. Thirty male C57BI/6J mice received phenytion orally in doses up to 100 mg/kg daily and were killed after 3, 6, 10, 14, and 48 days of treatment. Light and electron microscopic investigations as well as morphometric analysis of cut surface area and numerical density of axonal swellings were performed. The swellings appeared as early as 6 days after initiation of treatment and gradually increased in size and frequency. Use of an anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibody (CD 3), specifically cross-reacting with Purkinje cells, identified the swellings as dystrophic Purkinje cell axons. On grounds of their ultrastructural appearance they were classified into three distinct types occurring at different time intervals after phenytoin exposure. At 6 days, most axonal swellings contained loosely aggregated membranous vesicles and tubules in a finely granulated matrix (type 1). At 14 days, larger axonal swellings appeared characterized by the presence of three-dimensional networks of branched and anastomosing membranous tubules (type 2). At 48 days, even larger axons contained bodies of highly condensed membranous material of sometimes paracrystalline appearance (type 3). It is suggested that phenytoin-induced axonal pathology of Purkinje cells is a dynamic process characterized by the progressive accumulation of proliferating membranous material arranged in an increasingly complex fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687581
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gliosarcoma: An immunohistochemical study (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gliosarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histiocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gliosarcomas contain both neuro-ectodermal and mesenchymal elements. Its histogenesis has been much debated and endothelial and adventitial fibroblast origins have been suggested, as has a “histiocytic” origin following the demonstration of antiprotease activity. Eight gliosarcomas have been examined with a panel of ten monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to investigate the origin of the sarcomatous element. Glial fibrillary acid protein expression showed a sharp distinction between gliomatous and sarcomatous tumour components. Contrary to some previous reports factor 8-related antigen and Ulex europeus agglutinin stained vascular luminal endothelium but no tumour cells. Vimentin and fibronectin expression was extensive and confined largely to sarcomatous areas. Desmin and neurofilament protein could not be demonstrated in any of the cases. Numerous cells, particularly in the sarcoma areas, expressed alpha-1-antitrypsin and-chymotrypsin. A proportion of these stained for the monocyte/macrophage marker MAC 387. Four cases focally exhibited a true stori-form pattern and this and the immunohistochemical results suggest analogies with the fibrous histiocytomas. These tumours contain reactive histiocytes but are now thought to be derived from fibroblasts or from pluripotent mesenchymal cells in perivascular adventitia. This resembles the pattern exhibited in the sarcomatous component of gliosarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294666
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    Electronic Resource
    Calcineurin immunoreactivity in striatonigral degeneration (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Striatonigral degeneration ; Basal ganglia ; Calcineurin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basal ganglia (including substantia nigra) of two patients with striatonigral degeneration, who had clinical histories of Parkinson's disease, were studied immunohistochemically using a purified antibody to calcineurin (CaN). Marked loss of CaN-immunoreactive neurons in the putamen and neuromelanin-pigmented neurons in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra was seen in both cases. A small number of CaN-immunoreactive neurons remained dispersed in “clusters” or “islands” in the medial portion of the putamen. In one case there was loss of CaN-immunoreactive neurons in the caudate nucleus to a lesser degree than that in the putamen. In addition, both cases showed marked depletion of CaN-immunoreactive afferent nerve fibers in the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus and the zona reticulata of the substantia nigra. This report emphasizes the usefulness of the CaN-immunostaining technique for assessing the striatal efferents in human basal ganglia, and shows the neuropathological changes in the basal ganglia with striatonigral degeneration which were not possible to ascertain with previous techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687404
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of endoneural cells in experimental allergic neuritis and characterisation of a resident phagocytic cell (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 412-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental allergic neuritis ; Monocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electrophysiology ; Resident dendritic cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological, clinical and histological techniques were used to monitor the time course of events related to experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in 48 Lewis rats. The primary lesion was found to be paranodal demyelination without cellular infiltration. Endoneural phagocytes derive from hematogenous ED1+ED2− monocytes and possibly from resident ED1− ED2+ monocytic cells, not from Schwann cells and fibroblasts. We demonstrate a population of monocytic Ia-bearing, ED1−ED2+ spindle-shaped cells residing in normal peripheral nerve and provide evidence for their transformation into macrophages in the course of EAN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687376
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of somatostatin-containing nerves in the aganglionic colon of human and rat (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 372-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aganglionosis ; Man ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SOM-LI) nerves was elucidated immunohistochemically in the gut tissues from patients with Hirschsprung's disease and congenital aganglionosis rats. In the normoganglionic human colon, SOM-LI nerve cell bodies were found to a greater extent in the submucous plexus and to a lesser extent in the myenteric plexus. However, they were rarely observed in both the plexuses of the oligoganglionic segment. SOM-LI nerve fibres were widely distributed in the aganglionic bowel. The circular muscle layer of the distal aganglionic segment was densely innervated by SOM-LI nerve fibres which are probably derived from the extrinsic, hypertrophic nerve bundles. A decreased number of the intramuscular nerves fibres were seen in the proximal aganglionic segment. In the colon and rectum from adult and 21-day-old rats, SOM-LI cell bodies were numerous in both plexuses. On the other hand, enteric neurons were completely lacking from the colon and rectum of congenital aganglionosis rats of 21 days old. No neuronal elements staining for SOM were disclosed in these aganglionic segments of mutant rats. A possible origin and pathophysiological role of the extrinsic nerve fibres containing SOM in the diseased bowel are discussed. It is concluded that SOM-LI nerves in the human distal colon comprise both intrinsic and extrinsic elements, while SOM nerves in the rat colon and rectum are of only intrinsic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688173
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with pulmonary lymphangitic spread diagnosed by lung biopsy (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma ; Transthoracic lung biopsy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distant metastases from occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, which is defined as a tumor less than 15 mm in diameter, are extremely rare. A 21-year-old patient with miliary micronodular densities in both lungs is described, in whom pulmonary lymphangitic spread of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed by thransthoracic lung biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718031
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and interspecies analyses of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family reveal independent evolution in primates and rodents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 29 (1989), S. 126-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Evolution ; Gene family ; Human ; Rat ; Synonymous substitutions ; Silent molecular clock ; Evolutionary trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Various rodent and primate DNAs exhibit a stronger intra- than interspecies cross-hybridization with probes derived from the N-terminal domain exons of human and rat carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like genes. Southern analyses also reveal that the human and rat CEA gene families are of similar complexity. We counted at least 10 different genes per human haploid genome. In the rat, approximately seven to nine different N-terminal domain exons that presumably represent different genes appear to be present. We were able to assign the corresponding genomic restriction endonuclease fragments to already isolated CEA gene family members of both human and rat. Highly similar subgroups, as found within the human CEA gene family, seem to be absent from the rat genome. Hybridization with an intron probe from the human nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) gene and analysis of DNA sequence data indicate the conservation of noncoding regions among CEA-like genes within primates, implicating that whole gene units may have been duplicated. With the help of a computer program and by calculating the rate of synonymous substitutions, evolutionary trees have been derived. From this, we propose that an independent parallel evolution, leading to different CEA gene families, must have taken place in, at least, the primate and rodent orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02100111
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cadmium exposure during pregnancy on cadmium and zinc concentrations in neonatal liver and consequences for the offspring (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Zinc ; Neonate ; Thymus ; Birth weight ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cadmium exposure during pregnancy (by means of daily subcutaneous injections of 4.4 μmol/kg to the mother) on the neonates were investigated. No effect was observed on fetal or neonatal body weights, nor on neonatal liver weights. These parameters were examined up to 5 weeks after birth. The weight of neonatal thymuses was decreased 7 and 14 days after birth due to cadmium exposure of the mothers as compared with controls. This may be caused by zinc deficiency, because zinc concentrations in fetal and neonatal livers after cadmium exposure were found to be very low 20 days after conception and 5 h after birth. Cadmium concentration in neonatal liver decreased; however, cadmium in malignant liver increased as age increased. In the mother, cadmium was transferred to the milk, as it was demonstrated in the stomach contents of the pups. Simultaneous administration of zinc in amounts equimolar to cadmium did not have any noticeable effect on the amount of cadmium transferred to the fetus or on cadmium concentrations in any of the organs investigated. It could not prevent zinc deficiency in fetal and neonatal liver. In addition, growth retardation of the thymus from exposed pups could not be prevented by zinc administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334632
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Decrease in the mechanical strength of bones of rats administered cadmium (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Rat ; Mechanical strength of bones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanical properties of the bones of young, adult and old rats administered various concentrations of cadmium were measured to prove the direct effect of cadmium on the bones of young rats. The young rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm cadmium, respectively. The adult rats were subdivided into six groups, administered 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ppm cadmium, respectively. The old rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0, 80, and 160 ppm cadmium, respectively. The length of the administration was 4 weeks in every group. The decrease in the mechanical strengths of bones of young rats administered with cadmium was observed. On the other hand, no change in mechanical strength of bones was observed in the case of adult and old rats, administered up to 160 ppm cadmium. The correlation between the cadmium in bones and the decrease in the strength of the bone shows that cadmium directly affects the mechanical properties of bones of young rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278646
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity study in rats of a tellurium based immunomodulating drug, AS-101: A potential drug for AIDS and cancer patients (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 386-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Tellurium ; Rat ; Toxicology ; Immunomodulator ; Drug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally for 4 weeks with ammonium trichloro (dioxyethylene-0-0′-) tellurate, an immunomodulating drug at closes ranging from 3 to 24 mg/kg/week. Routine laboratory examinations included body weight, food consumption, clinical chemistry and hematological examinations. At termination of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and subjected to a detailed necropsy. Few mortalities were recorded during the course of the study. Clinical signs included hind limb paresis and paraphimosis. A garlic odor pervaded the room. Body weight and food consumption were adversely affected in a dose-related manner. Effects were elicited on the hematological system; changes being noted in the platelet and leukocyte counts as well. Clinical chemistry evaluation revealed signs of hepatoxicity, especially in the female treated groups. The level of beta-globulin was increased. At necropsy organs were found to have a grayish-blue discoloration. Tellurium related histopathological changes were observed in the eyes, liver, thymus, bone marrow, heart and kidneys. An attempt has been made to compare the toxicity of this drug with other tellurium-containing compounds. A good correlation was found. Novel effects of the drug were retinopathy and replacement of bone marrow by bony or fibrous tissue. The possibility that some of the effects may have been elicited due to selenium-vitamin E deficiency has been considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303128
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of styrene administration on rat testis (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Styrene ; Testes ; Rat ; Enzymes ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Styrene was administered through gavage to adult male rats for 60 days. At the lower dose of 200 mg/ kg/day no overt signs of testicular toxicity were observed, while at the higher dose of 400 mg/kg/day activities of some marker enzymes for testicular function were found to be altered significantly, along with a decrease in spermatozoa number. Histopathological studies revealed marked degeneration of seminiferous tubules and lumen devoid of sperms, further confirming testicular toxicity of styrene. The present study suggests an overall sensitivity of the male reproductive system towards styrene exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334633
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of methylmercury on the synthesis of protein species in dorsal root ganglia of the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 226-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Methylmercury ; Protein synthesis ; Dorsal root ganglion ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dorsal root ganglia from control and methylmercury(MeHg)-treated rats were incubated in vitro with 35S-methionine ant the proteins synthesized were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The double labelling method, in which proteins of control dorsal root ganglia labelled in vitro with 3H-leucine were added to each of the two samples as an internal standard, was used to minimize unavoidable errors arising from the resolving procedure itself. The results obtained showed that the effect of MeHg on the synthesis of proteins in dorsal root ganglia was not uniform for individual protein species in the latent period of MeHg intoxication. Among 200 protein species investigated, 157 showed inhibition of synthesis close to that of the total proteins in the tissue (68% of the control). Among the remaining protein species, 20 showed real stimulation of synthesis, whereas 7 were moderately inhibited and 16 were inhibited more strongly than the total proteins in the tissue. These results suggest that the effect of MeHg on the synthetic rates for protein species in dorsal root ganglia differs with the species, and that unusual elevation or reduction of the synthesis of some protein species caused by MeHg may lead to impairment of normal nerve functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316373
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    A longitudinal study of histologic and immunohistologic changes in an experimental model of sclerosing cholangitis* (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cholangitis ; Major histocompatibility complex antigen ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A longitudinal study of intra and extrahepatic bile duct injuries was performed in an animal model of secondary sclerosing cholangitis induced by formalin injection into the common bile duct. Lymphocytic infiltration inside and around the bile ducts occurred seven days after injection. The disease later evolved to a fibrous cholangitis of the small bile ducts. Septal intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct involvement became evident three months after formalin injection. The ductular proliferation led to a progressive biliary cirrhosis with portal to portal fibrous septa. After formalin injection, bile duct cells expressed the Ia antigen in the cytoplasm and/or on the membrane of bile duct cells. The intensity of staining did not correlate with the duration or severity of the disease. Lymphocytes infiltrating into and around the bile duct were mainly T-cells. This study suggests that a local cell-mediated immune response to the injection of a toxic agent induces pathological features similar to those of sclerosing cholangitis in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718596
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric carcinoma ; Lymphoid stroma ; T lymphocytes ; HLA-DR ; Interleukin-1 ; Mucin histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 626 surgically resected gastric carcinomas were reviewed, and 24 cases (3.8%) of “gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma” were identified. The tumour cells were consistently arranged in an anastomosing trabecular or alveolar pattern and were densely infiltrated by lymphoid cells. The specimens were studied using mucin histochemistry and the indirect immunoperoxidase method to determine the histochemical properties of this form of gastric carcinoma. The tumour cells were consistently positive for concanavalin A paradoxical staining, class III and almost devoid of acidic mucins, features demonstrating preferential differentiation toward pyloric glands or pseudopyloric glands. Immunohistochemically, positive reactions for Leu M1 and lysozyme, marker substances of (pseudo)pyloric gland cells, were often observed. Carcinoembryonic antigen was positive in focal areas without (pseudo)pyloric glandular patterns. Secretory component was focally positive. HLA-DR was strongly expressed in most cancer cells and 17 tumours (71%) showed positivity for interleukin 1 (IL-1). The lymphoid stroma contained a high percentage of UCHL1-reactive T cells both within and around the cancer cell nests, while SL26-reactive B cells clustered in lymphoid follicles. A considerable number of T-lymphoid cells were also reactive for IL-1. A number of plasma cells with a predominance of IgG-type were distributed around the cancer cell nests. S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells were not identified. We speculate that the prominent lymphoid stroma including intraepithelial lymphocyte-like T cells with IL-1 receptors is possibly induced by IL-1 related mediators released from the HLA-DR-positive gastric cancer cells of the (pseudo)pyloric gland-type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00822027
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amylase-producing multiple myeloma (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma ; Ectopic amylase production ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy ; Cell culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The first autopsy case of amylase-producing IgA-λ-type multiple myeloma is described. Immunohistochemically, amylase and α andλ chains of immunoglobulin were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the myeloma cells. Secretion of amylase by cultured myeloma cells obtained from the patient's pleural effusion was clearly demonstrated by the starch film method. Immunoelectron microscopically, positive reaction products for amylase and the α chain of immunoglobulin were observed in the well developed endoplasmic reticulum. Since no secretory granules were observed, we postulated that the secretory process of amylase was not via the zymogen granules but via a mechanism similar to that for immunoglobulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00724908
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  • 50
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    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemically defined non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showing intercellular junctions (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular junction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare example of pleomorphic B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is described in which tumour cells possessed simple intercellular junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00724918
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of Hodgkin's disease in the spleen (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hodgkin's disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microenvironment ; Spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hodgkin's disease in the spleen - with the exception of its B cell variant - behaves quite differently from non Hodgkin's lymphomas with respect to both its spread and microenvironment. Each type of HD appears to create its own microenvironment by the secretion of cytokines responsible for the characteristic cellular composition of the infiltrates and thereby alters the normal immunoarchitecture of the spleen profoundly. While some histological findings seem to imply the presence of a host response against HD especially in the nodular sclerosis subtype, morphological and immunohistochemical evidence in the spleen cannot conclusively substantiate this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00747744
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Sebaceous carcinoma ; Parotid gland ; Salivary gland ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sebaceous carcinoma of salivary gland origin is extremely rare and, because of its rarity, the clinicopathological characteristics and the histogenesis are not fully understood. We present a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland which brings the total number of reported cases to 22. The tumor showed epithelial cell nests which were mainly composed of sebaceous cells with marked cellular atypia. In most of the nests, glandular spaces lined by ductal epithelium were present. Scattered mucous cells and flattened eosinophilic cells at the periphery of the nests were also seen. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations of the tumour revealed coexistence of sebaceous and glandular differentiations in some tumour cells. Tumour cells with lipid granules often participated in the formation of glandular structures or exhibited intracytoplasmic lumina, and immunohistochemical localization of lactoferrin and secretory component, the functional markers of ductal epithelium of salivary gland, was demonstrated not only in duct-forming tumour cells but also in many sebaceous tumour cells. It seems likely that sebaceous carcinoma originates from pluripotential duct cells which can differentiate into sebaceous, ductal and mucous cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718631
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  • 53
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    Comparative study on the expression of the blood group antigens Le a, Le b, Le x, Le y and the carbohydrate antigens CA 19-9 and CA-50 in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 465-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Le a ; Le b ; Le x ; Le y ; CA 19-9 ; CA-50 ; Chronic pancreatitis ; Pancreatic carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of the blood group antigens Le a, Le b, Le x, Le y and the carbohydrate antigens CA 19-9 and CA-50 was studied in 20 ductal pancreatic carcinomas, 24 pancreases with chronic pancreatitis and 10 normal fetal and adult pancreases. CA 19-9, CA-50 and Le a showed the strongest staining intensity, the highest percentage of labelled cells, and a membrane-bound expression pattern in epithelial cells of normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis and well differentiated (G1) carcinoma; in moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas (G2/3) it was predominantly cytoplasmic. The staining pattern of Le b and Le x was less clearly membrane-bound but varied with cytoplasmic and Golgi-located distributions in all pancreatic specimens. Le y revealed a consistent granular antigen expression in the Golgi-region of ductal epithelial, acinar and carcinoma cells. None of the antibodies allowed a morphological differentiation by their expression pattern between hyperplastic, metaplastic and dysplastic or neoplastic cells. The differences in their staining patterns were quantitative and did not allow a qualitative differentiation between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. We found coexpression of Le a and Le b antigens in 46/54 pancreatic specimens. All but 7 pancreata were CA 19-9 positive. An association between Le x, y and Le a, b antigen expression could not be noted in our material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00781703
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Bronchial carcinoid with paranuclear fibrillary inclusions related to cytokeratins and vimentin (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bronchial neoplasms ; Carcinoid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A bronchial carcinoid with globular intracytoplasmic inclusions is reported. The inclusions stain brown with Grimelius silver impregnation and some show distinct immunoreactivity for chromogranin A. Tumour cells stain positively with antisera to neuron specific enolase, chromogranin A and not with antisera against ACTH, somatostatin or S-100 protein. The cells show distinct immunoreactivity for cytokeratins and vimentin, which is particularly intense in the intracytoplasmic inclusions. Desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein are absent. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that the inclusions are composed of aggregates of filaments of 8–10 nm of diameter, intrapping a few neurosecretory granules. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data support the hypothesis that the inclusions are composed of intermediate filaments, whose metabolism and synthesis have somehow been deranged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718602
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the alveolar connective tissue of the ageing lung (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ageing lung ; Extracellular matrix components ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The modifications of the extracellular matrix (ExM) components in the alveolar parenchyma of elderly subjects were investigated using a panel of polyclonal antibodies. The elastic fibers showed a notable decrease along the alveolar walls while type III collagen increased when compared with that of non-elderly controls. No variations of these components were detectable in the alveolar ducts or in the respiratory bronchioli. An increase in the thickness of the alveolar basement membranes was detected in some of the subjects when antibodies against type IV collagen and laminin were used, while antibodies to fibronectin and type V collagen did not reveal any modifications compared with the controls. The modifications revealed in the lungs of the elderly can be related to the alterations of the elastic recoil and pulmonary compliance observed in these subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00784351
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of the fibrosing process in paraquat lung injury (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Paraquat poisoning ; Pulmonary fibrosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-nine autopsy cases of paraquat-induced lung injury were studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods. Two stages of injury were identified. In the early stage, the alveolar epithelium degenerates but the epithelial basement membrane remains intact. In the late stage, the epithelial basement membrane is focally disrupted, the mesenchymal cells grow into the alveolar space, and intra-alveolar fibrosis appears. In spite of these pathological changes, the original framework of the alveolar wall is preserved in many areas. Intra-alveolar fibrosis may follow as a consequence of damage to the epithelium without severe damage to the underlying basement membrane, which occurs at the stage of organization. Morphological variants of intra-alveolar fibrosis seem to occur not only to the size of the defect of the basement membrane but also to the difference in the stages of evolution at the time the lesion is studied. The epithelium regenerates along the basement membrane in the early stage of re-epithelialization, but grows over the luminal aspect of intra-alveolar fibrous tissue which has been laid on the remaining basement membrane in the late stage. It is speculated that the regeneration of epithelial cells may develop without any association with the basement membrane when a fibrous tissue covers the original basement membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718638
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    Salivary gland myoepithelioma variants (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1989), S. 25-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Salivary gland ; Myoepithelioma ; Neoplasm ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytoplasmic filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histological and ultrastructural features of five major salivary gland tumours, which have little or no evidence of duct- or gland-type differentiation in routine sections, are described. Four of the cases have the tumour cells organized as narrow, anastomosing cords of cells separated by a myxoid and vascularized stroma; we have designated such lesions as reticular-type myoepitheliomas. The fifth case has a solid growth pattern and is largely composed of hyaline cells, that is, a plasmacytoid myoepithelioma. Ultrastructurally, one reticular myoepithelioma reveals myoepithelial cell differentiation with microfilament aggregates, while the other three examples are composed of modified myoepithelial cells displaying widened intercellular spaces, prominent synthesis of extracellular glycosaminoglycans, distinct basal lamina development, and obvious accumulations of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. In electron micrographs, the modified myoepithelial cells of the plasmacytoid variant closely resemble the tumour cells in the reticular form. Three cases had expression of both glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and vimentin, but only one of the myoepitheliomas contained muscle-specific actin. At least focally, each of the cases exhibited a considerable spectrum of cytokeratin filaments. Using double-labeled immunofluorescent microscopy of one reticular variant and the plasmacytoid myoepithelioma, there was individual tumour cell co-expression of GFAP and vimentin focally in the plasmacytoid myoepithelioma, but co-expression of cytokeratins 13, 16 and GFAP were not noted in either case. As expected, co-expression of high- and low-molecular weight cytokeratin filaments was wide-spread in both myoepitheliomas. Most described myoepitheliomas have a solid growth pattern and are composed of spindle and plasmacytoid cells, but based on cytological features and growth patterns in this series, it is apparent that polygonalshaped cells with novel architecture can occur in myoepitheliomas. The results also indicate the close relationship between pleomorphic adenoma and such variants of myoepithelioma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606467
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    Immunohistochemical studies on oncogene products (c-erbB-2, EGFR, c-myc) and estrogen receptor in benign and malignant breast lesions (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1989), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast tumours ; Oncogene products ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph node metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is a matter of debate whether the amplification of c-erbB-2 oncogene or production of the oncoprotein in breast cancers correlate with the presence of lymph node metastasis and with a poor prognosis. This study was aimed at elucidating the immunohistochemical localization of oncogene products which are related to cell growth, c-erbB-2 product, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-myc protein and estrogen receptor (ER), in benign and malignant lesions of the breast. Fresh frozen sections of 25 breast cancers and 11 fibroadenomas from Japanese women were studied by indirect immunoperoxidase method with proper fixation. C-erbB-2 product and EGFR were localized on the cell membrane whereas c-myc protein and ER were observed in the nuclei. Immunohistochemical expression of oncogene products and ER were not only observed in the mammary carcinomas but also in the fibroadenomas. However immunoreactivities of EGFR and ER were more frequently seen in the fibroadenomas (p〈0.05). In breast cancers, the incidence of immunoreactivity for c-erbB-2 was higher in the cases with lymph node metastasis than cases without nodal metastasis (p 〈 0.05) and there was reciprocal correlation between the expressions of EGFR and ER (p〈0.05). Regarding the size of the primary tumour, there was no statistically significant correlation with the expressions of c-erbB-2, EGFR, c-myc or ER. Histological grade correlated only with the expression of ER (p〈0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606471
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    Electronic Resource
    An autopsy case of disseminated trichosporonosis with candidiasis of the urinary bladder (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1989), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Trichosporon ; Candida ; Immunohistochemistry ; Autopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of disseminated trichosporonosis associated with Candida infection of the urinary bladder is presented. Coffee bean shaped or crescent shaped yeast-like elements are characteristic of Trichosporon and useful in differentiating Trichosporon fromCandida but such histological features are less efficient than the immunohistochemistry in identifing mixed fungal infection. In the present case, an application of avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method with anti -Trichosporon antiserum and anti-Candida antiserum enabled us to diagnose a mixed infection by both fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606321
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of ovarian granulosa cell tumours (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 439-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Granulosa cell tumour ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intermediate filament proteins ; Tumour markers ; Ovarian carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paraffin-embedded material of 47 ovarian tumours primarily diagnosed as granulosa cell tumours, including 2 cases of juvenile granulosa cell tumour, were studied immunohistochemically for the presence of intermediate filament proteins, epithelial membrane antigen and tumour markers. Forty-one lesions, including the 2 juvenile granulosa cell tumours, were vimentin positive, while keratin and epithelial membrane antigen expression could not be detected. Six tumours primarily diagnosed as poorly differentiated malignant granulosa cell tumours were vimentin negative, showed a mild to moderate positivity for keratin and intense positivity with the anti-epithelial membrane antigen antibody. These latter tumours were therefore classified as undifferentiated ovarian carcinomas, corresponding to their significantly poorer prognosis and shorter survival when compared with the granulosa cell tumours. Two of these six tumours were positive for carcino-embryonic antigen. Two small cell carcinomas of the ovary studied in addition expressed keratin in a proportion of tumour cells while no epithelial membrane antigen or vimentin was detectable. None of the tumours tested for alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, human placental alkaline phosphatase and human placental lactogen, were positive. The data indicate the value of antibodies directed against intermediate filament proteins and epithelial membrane antigen to distinguish granulosa cell tumours from poorly differentiated carcinomas, a worthwhile distinction considering the much better prognosis of granulosa cell tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718628
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    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural localization of tissue polypeptide antigen in human ovarian tumours (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ovarian tumours ; Tissue polypeptide antigen ; Light and electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty specimens of benign and malignant ovarian tumours were studied for localization of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) at light and electron microscopic levels by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Of the 30 ovarian carcinomas, 23 (77%) were positive and 7 (23%) were negative for TPA, while of the 10 benign ovarian tumours 3 (30%) were positive and 7 (70%) were negative. Positive reaction did not correlate with the tumour grade. Of the 10 patients with metastasis, 8 (80%) had positive tumours. Staining for TPA was observed at the intraluminal cell surfaces and peripheral cell membranes. The ultrastructural localization of TPA revealed electron-dense reaction products at the cell surface and microvillous surfaces. These results provide confirmatory and supplementary evidence to support the previous findings of TPA in the serum and suggest that testing for TPA in ovarian tumors has a limited prognostic importance and a poor diagnostic value. The surface property of TPA suggests that the cell membrane is involved in secretion and probably synthesis of TPA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718630
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    Electronic Resource
    Epithelial markers in synovial sarcoma (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Epithelial markers ; Synovial sarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies on synovial sarcomas have proved the potentiality of these neoplasm for epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation and antibodies detecting epithelial cells have been found to be helpful in determining the histological types. In this study different epithelial markers directed against various cytokeratins, HMFG-2 and EMA were investigated on paraffin embedded tissues of 13 cases of synovial sarcomas, with regard to their reliability in unmasking the epithelial components demonstrable in this type of neoplasm. The results lead to three conclusions firstly, synovial sarcomas possess the capacity for generating different epithelial cell types with uncommon compositions of intermediate filaments as well as of membrane proteins, secondly, these features may be expressed in a heterogenous pattern even within the same tumour and finally, the use of wide range anti-cytokeratin antibodies covering the spectrum of basic as well as acidic type proteins seems to be necessary for the detection of all epithelial components demonstrable in synovial sarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00724912
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    A histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in thyroid papillary carcinoma (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 91-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid ; Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions ; Immunohistochemistry ; Thyroglobulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (ICI) in 38 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma were studied histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally in order to examine the frequency of ICI and their relationship to both the histological structure and cytological findings in thyroid papillary carcinoma. The fine-structure and biochemical state of ICI were also studied. ICI occurred in all 38 cases. ICI occurrence ranged from one in several microscopic fields to more than ten per field. The number of ICI divided by the number of nuclei on the microscopic photographs ranged from 0.013 to 0.116. The frequency of ICI was strongly influenced by the state of nuclear chromatin and pleomorphism, but was not influenced by a pattern of papillary or follicular tumour growth. Immunohistochemically, 10-30% of ICI revealed strong thyroglobulin (Tg), which was ascertained by immunoelectron microscopy. Neither T3 nor T4 was detected in ICI (with some exceptions). Some ICI showed keratin and vimentin. PAS-positive ICI were observed. Ultrastructurally, enlarged r-ER, many Golgi vesicles and small vesicles (diameter of 300-500 nm) and sacs were observed in ICI. These findings suggested increased protein synthesis and/or protein accumulation Abundant secondary lysozomes, showing degradation of ICI, and bundles of condensed intermediate filaments were also detected. The character and genesis of ICI are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718588
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    Early bronchopulmonary lesions in rat lung after normobaric 100% oxygen exposure and their evolution (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hyperoxia ; Lung broncho-vascular reaction ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to clarify the early phenomena involved in the lung reaction to hyperoxia, twenty adult male rats were exposed to 100% oxygen at 1 ATA. Morphological pulmonary lesions were detectable after only 24 h hyperoxia, and included vasoconstriction and perivascular oedema, bronchiolar constriction, and pericyte reaction. The lesions were irregularly scattered within the lung parenchyma and occurred preferentially in areas centred on bronchiolo-vascular stems. Even at the latest stages, pulmonary heterogeneity was obvious, from the coexistence of areas damaged at different times. Neuro-epithelial-bodies were found under the bronchiolar epithelium; the morphological aspect of the neuro-endocrine cells observed was consistent with hyperoxia-induced modulation of their secretory activity. Taken together, our findings show the speed of development of hyperoxia-induced pulmonary changes and raise some pathogenic considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718593
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    Epidermal growth factor receptor expression and growth fraction in human tumours of the nervous system (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Brain neoplasms ; Growth fraction Ki-67 ; Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 100 tumours of the human nervous system were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry in order to determine the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) and the proliferative activity as evaluated by demonstration of the proliferation-associated Ki-67 antigen. Epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity was present in 79% (23/29) of the high-grade malignant gliomas examined but in only 9% (2/22) of the low-grade gliomas. Besides the gliomas, EGFr-expression was detectable in smaller amounts in most (13/15) meningiomas, in one anaplastic neurinoma and in individual tumour cells of one medulloblastoma. In addition, EGFr-expression was found in 50% (6/12) of metastatic carcinomas. Seven of eight medulloblastomas, two cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs), three benign neurinomas, one ganglioneuroma, one metastatic intracerebral malignant melanoma, three spinal plasmocytomas and one immunocytoma showed no detectable EGFr-expression. Our results indicate that (1) the expression of EGFr in human tumours of the nervous system depends on the histological tumour type and (2) in the glioma group is related to the grade of malignancy. A close correlation between EGFrexpression and proliferative activity as evaluated by Ki-67 staining could not, however, be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718594
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    Primary duodenal carcinoma arising in a non-vaterian tubulo-villous adenoma (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Duodenal tubulo-villous adenoma ; Adenocarcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Diameter of adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary duodenal carcinoma and duodenal adenoma are rare tumours. Duodenal carcinoma makes up about 0.3% of all malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (Alwmark et al. 1980; Spira et al. 1977). The present paper describes a duodenal carcinoma arising in a mixed tubulo-villous non-Vaterian adenoma in a 68 year old male. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation in both adenoma and carcinoma. In a review of the literature a correlation between the size of adenoma and the probability of concomitant carcinoma is demonstrated. Duodenal adenoma measuring more than 4 cm in diameter should be considered potentially malignant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00781711
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    Phenotypic characterization of alveolar capillary endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, with special reference to MHC class II antigens (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 79-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: MHC class II antigens ; Antigen presenting cells ; Pulmonary fibrosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens are essential in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes, and cells expressing MHC class II antigens are known to play a role as antigen presenting cells (APC). We investigated the distribution of MHC class II antigens and the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies OKM1 and OKM5 in normal and fibrotic lungs immunohistochemically. The results showed that alveolar capillary endothelial cells (ACEnd) expressed MHC class II antigens and were reactive with OKM5 in both normal lungs and the non-thickened parts of alveolar septa of pulmonary fibrosis. However, ACEnd did not express MHC class II antigens and were not reactive with OKM5 in thickened alveolar septa of pulmonary fibrosis. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEp) proliferating and replacing type I AEp in pulmonary fibrosis expressed MHC class II antigens strongly. Alveolar macrophages expressed MHC class II antigens strongly and reacted with OKM1 in pulmonary fibrosis, especially in alveolar spaces. These findings suggest that the phenotypic changes of ACEnd may be involved in the process of pulmonary fibrosis, and type II AEp and alveolar macrophages in the parts of thickened alveolar septa may play a role as APC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718607
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    Immunohistochemical expression of MAM-3 and MAM-6 antigens in salivary gland tumours (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 509-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: MAM-3 and MAM-6 Antigens ; Human salivary gland tumour ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary MAM-3 and MAM-6 antigens of human milk fat globule membrane were detected immunohistochemically in 93 cases of salivary gland tumours as well as in normal glands. The antigens were visualized in 10% formalin-fixed paraffin sections. MAM-3 (MoAbs 115G3, 67D11) antigen was distributed in intercalated and striated duct cells of the normal salivary glands, and in luminal tumour cells and squamous metaplastic cells of pleomorphic adenomas. In pleomorphic adenomas the frequency of positive staining with MoAb 67D11 (54/67; 80.6%) was higher than that with MoAb 115G3 (36/67; 53.7%). MAM-6 (MoAbs 115D8, 115F5) antigen was expressed in luminal and lateral borders of serous acinar cells and ductal of the normal glands, and also in luminal borders of tubulo-ductal and glandular structures of salivary gland tumours. Ductal basal cells were characterized by existence of positive staining for MAM-6 antigen, in adenolymphomas MAM-6 antigen was restricted to the basal tumour cells. Some mucous cells of mucoepidermoid tumours were stained specifically with MoAb 115G3, and epidermoid cells of mucoepidermoid carcinomas manifested MAM-6 antigen staining. Immunohistochemical localization of MAM-6 antigen resembled that of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) detected with MoAb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718644
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    Immunocytochemical reactivity of breast cancer tissue with antibodies to neuron-specific enolase and an adenocarcinoma-associated glycolipid antigen (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; tumor markers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glycolipid antigen ; Neuron-specific enolase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunocytochemical reactivity of breast cancers to antibodies raised against neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and an adenocarcinoma-associated glycolipid antigen (IR-14) was studied in relation to the long-term outcome of the neoplastic disease. The patients whose tumours exhibited reactivity with the IR-14 and anti-NSE antibodies had a considerably better 5-year and long-term survival than those without such reactivity. Assessment of DNA-ploidy of the tumour cells was also relevant for long-term prognosis, immunohistochemistry giving additional prognostic information among aneuploid tumours. Reactivity with polyclonal CEA antibodies was of no prognostic value. It is suggested that tumors carrying the IR-14 reactive epitope, which was originally isolated from circulating antigen-antibody complexes, might evoke a favourable immune response and thus improve the survival of the patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718647
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  • 70
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    Immunolocalization of the human basal epithelial marker monoclonal antibody 312C8-1 in normal tissue and mammary tumours of rodents (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keratin ; Mammary neoplasms ; Mouse ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using immunoperoxidase staining of monoclonal antibody 312C8-1 against 51 000 dalton human keratin polypeptide, immunolocalization was observed in frozen sections of normal tissue and mammary tumours of adult female mice and rats. In normal tissue, the epitope was recognized in myoepithelial cells of the mammary, sweat and salivary glands, and in basal and suprabasal cells of the epidermis. However, the antibody did not react with luminal epithelial cells of the above glands or with mesenchymal cells. In spontaneous mammary tumours of mice, marker-positive tumour cells were distributed only in the outer layer of adenocarcinoma Type A, while they were scattered in some foci of adenocarcinoma Type B, and encircled the epithelial foci of pregnancy dependent tumours (plaque). All layers of epidermoid structures in adenoacanthoma revealed positivity. In rat mammary tumours induced by local dusting with 7, 12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) powder, the staining pattern of benign tumours was comparable to that of the normal mammary gland. But, in addition to basally situated cells, marker-positive tumour cells were found scattered in the foci of adenocarcinoma, and were not restricted to basal cells in squamous cell carcinoma. The marker was not found in sarcomatous tissue. This antibody can therefore also be applied to rodents, and the staining pattern can be used to identify the epithelial subclass specific marker in normal tissue and in mammary tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718646
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    Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Similarities to the “fibrohistiocytoid cells” in chronic inflammation (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 285-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Ultrastructure ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; “Fibrohistiocytoid cell”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were performed on tissue obtained from eight cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and five cases of sacral decubitus ulcer. The MFH was composed of two major tumour cell types: fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells. Both cell types demonstrated abundant branching, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), many free ribosomes, occasional small mitochondria, an oval, elliptical or irregularly shaped nucleus with one or two prominent nucleoli and often a few dense bodies. However, pseudopodial projections, multivesicular bodies and phagosomes, common histiocyte organelles, were not seen. With little difference between cases or selection sites, the MFH cells reacted to acid phosphatase (AcP) and α-naphtyl butyrate esterase (ANBE) by enzyme histochemistry and with ferritin (Fer), α1-antitrypsin (AT), α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), fibronectin (FN), HLA-DR, HLA-DP, Leu 10 and OKT 9 in immunohistochemical studies. MFH tumour cells did not immunostain with monocyte/macrophage markers (Leu M1, Leu M3, Mo 1, Mo 2 and Macrophage) although non-neoplastic histiocytes did react to these markers. In addition, granulation tissue, such as that found in sacral decubitus ulcers, was examined and the existence of a specific cell type called the “fibrohistiocytoid (FH) cell” was documented. The FH cell was short, spindle shaped and elliptical. Ultrastructurally, it had fragmented rER distributed in a branching pattern, dispersed free ribosomes, small mitochondria and a few dense bodies, but lacked diverse fused lysosomes and distinct pseudopodial cytoplasmic extensions. The FH cells reacted with AcP, alkaline phosphatase and ANBE but not with peroxidase using enzyme histochemistry and with Fer, AT, ACT, FN, HLA-DR, HLA-DP, Leu 10 and OKT 9 but not with monocyte/macrophage markers, C3d receptor, C3bi receptor in immunohistochemical studies. The FH cells had morphological, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics intermediate between fibroblasts and histiocytes. Similarities between MFH cells and the FH cells seen in chronic inflammation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00734082
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    Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of rats (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; Biogenic amines ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of single subcutaneous doses of sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D-Na) on biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in rat brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. After 200 mg/kg 2,4-D-Na, the cerebral concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was increased slightly and that of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) roughly 3-fold between 1 and 8 h after the administration. There was also a tendency towards slightly lowered dopamine (DA) levels. No statistically significant changes in brain concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) or tryptophan (TRY) were found. At the same time, however, the maximal increase in DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations in the CSF was 2.3–5.8-fold. The dependency of biogenic amines and metabolites on 2,4-D-Na dose was studied by injecting s.c. 0, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg and sacrificing the rats at 2 h. In the brain, there was a dose-dependent increase in concentrations of 5-HIAA (at the two highest doses) and HVA (at the highest dose) while in the CSF those of all three acidic metabolites increased at the two highest doses. The 10 mg/kg dose had no effect. The results agree with the hypothesis that 2,4-D inhibits the organic acid transport out of the brain, which should then result in increased cerebral levels of acidic metabolites of biogenic amines, but it may also have effects on the activity of serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316434
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  • 73
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    Melatonin accelerates reentrainment of the circadian rhythm of its own production after an 8-h advance of the light-dark cycle (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1989), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Rat ; Melatonin ; Circadian rhythm ; 5-hydroxytryptophan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rhythm in melatonin production in the rat is driven by a circadian rhythm in the pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity. Rats adapted to an artificial lighting regime of 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness per day were exposed to an 8-h advance of the light-dark regime accomplished by the shortening of one dark period; the effect of melatonin, triazolam and fluoxetine, together with 5-hydroxytryptophan, on the reentrainment of the NAT rhythm was studied. In control rats, the NAT rhythm was abolished during the first 3 cycles following the advance shift. It reappeared during the 4th cycle; however, the phase relationship between the evening rise in activity and the morning decline was still compressed. Melatonin accelerated the NAT rhythm reentrainment. In rats treated chronically with melatonin at the new dark onset, the rhythm had already reappeared during the 3rd cycle, in the middle of the advanced night, and during the 4th cycle, the phase relationship between the evening onset and the morning decline of the NAT activity was the same as before the advance shift. In rats treated chronically with melatonin at the old dark onset or in those treated with melatonin 8 h, 5 h and 2 h after the new dark onset during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cycle, respectively, following the advance shift, the NAT rhythm reappeared during the 3rd cycle as well but in the last third of the advanced night only. Neither triazolam nor fluoxetine together with 5-hydroxytryptophan administered around the new dark onset facilitated NAT rhythm reentrainment after the 8-h advance of the light-dark cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190214
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the proliferative potential of human brain tumors using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 115 (1989), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Human brain tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 ; Proliferative activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The proliferative activity of 133 human tumors of the nervous system was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 in order to evaluate the usefulness of this method for histopathological tumor grading. Ki-67 recognizes a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen present in human cells during all active phases of the cell cycle but absent in the G0 phase [Gerdes J, Schwab U, Lemke H, Stein H (1983) Int J Cancer 31:13–20]. In 28 WHO grade I and II gliomas of all major types Ki-67 indices were generally low with mean values ranging from less than 1% in pilocytic astrocytomas to 4.2% in grade II oligodendrogliomas. Individual cases of grade II astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas had, however, values up to 8.5%. In 13 primary anaplastic gliomas of WHO grade III consistently higher statistical means were obtained with values ranging from 8.6% for anaplastic astrocytomas to 14.2% for anaplastic mixed gliomas. Interestingly, 18 WHO grade IV glioblastomas demonstrated a mean value of only 7%, which is probably due to the pronounced phenothypic heterogeneity in this tumor group. This heterogeneity results in enormous intraand intertumor variability in Ki-67 indices (range 〈1%–22.1%). Investigation of 17 recurrent gliomas revealed mean values for Ki-67 ranging from 1.7% for three WHO grade II astrocytomas up to 48.5% obtained in two highly anaplastic recurrent astrocytomas corresponding to WHO grade IV. Other tumors of the nervous system evaluated included 9 medulloblastomas (mean 17.9%, range 5.0%–42.0%), 17 benign meningiomas (mean 1.1%, range 0%–5%), 15 metastatic carcinomas (mean 16.5%, range 〈1%–46.0%), and individual tumors of various types. Our results indicate that Ki-67 immunohistochemistry can add useful additional information for histopathological grading which, by supplementing and refining the traditional WHO grading system, might lead to a better assessment of the biological behaviour of human tumors of the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397921
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of epithelial antigens in the human unterine cervix: A review (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 246 (1989), S. 61-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Uterine cervix ; Epithelial markers ; Cervical carcinogenesis ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epithelial antigen immunostaining in the uterine cervix has been claimed to be helful in the identification and classification of rare lesions, evaluation of basement membrane integrity, study of atypical condylomas, immunodetection of proliferating processes and early diagnosis of malignant transformation. The present review attempts to demonstrate the potential value of immunohistological techniques as a means of identifying normal and abnormal patterns of antigenic expression in cervical epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00934123
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunoscintigraphy using CA 125 antibodies in the management of ovarian cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 244 (1989), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Immunoscintigraphy ; Cancer of the ovary ; Tumor marker CA 125 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radioimmundetection (RID) using anti-CA 125 antibodies proved to be a valuable tool in the follow-up of metastasizing ovarian cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were high. RID had no clinical side effects. But some patients formed antibodies which interfered a) with the evaluation of the scintigram and b) with further measurement of CA 125 levels. We found 2 cm diameter metastases that were not detected by computed tomography. However, the heterogeneity of tumor metastases limits the sensitivity of this method. CA 125 serum levels, immunohistochemistry, and immunoscintigraphy did not always correlate. Monitoring serum levels of CA 125 was most valuable in clinical management of tumor spread and in the optimal use of RID.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01560083
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Transport and utilization of α-ketoglutarate by the rat kidney in vivo (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 413 (1989), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rat ; Kidney ; Uptake ; Transport ; α-Ketoglutarate ; Luminal ; Basolateral ; Production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to establish the characteristics of net renal transport and utilization of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) in the rat, we have precisely quantified the renal blood flow, the urinary flow and the rates of α-KG delivery, filtration, reabsorption or secretion, excretion, uptake or production by an in vivo rat kidney preparation. In normal rats, α-KG uptake was higher than α-KG reabsorption at both endogenous and elevated plasma α-KG concentrations; thus, a net peritubular transport, which was the main supplier of α-KG to the renal cells, took place. Saturation of reabsorption and peritubular transport of α-KG occurred at blood α-KG concentrations about 30 and 150 times above normal, respectively. Acute metabolic acidosis was found to have no effect on renal handling of α-KG. At endogenous plasma α-KG concentrations, alkalosis converted net renal uptake into net renal production of α-KG resulting in addition of α-KG by the renal cells both to blood and to the luminal fluid. Elevation of blood α-KG concentration restored the renal uptake of α-KG. This uptake, which was entirely accounted for by the peritubular transport of α-KG, reached a maximum which was lower than that observed in normal and acidotic rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583533
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Membrane ionic conductances in normal and denervated skeletal muscle of the rat during development (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 413 (1989), S. 568-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rat ; Skeletal muscle ; Development ; Ionic conductances ; Denervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of membrane ionic conductances of rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers was studiedin vitro using intracellular recordings. At 7–8 days after birth, the potassium conductance (GK) dominated the total membrane conductance while the chloride conductance (GC1) was very low. A rapid increased of GC1 towards adult values was observed after few days (12–14 day old rats), whereas GK did not decrease up to day 23. Denervation at 7–8 days after birth suppressed the maturation of the electrical parameters measured, and 15 days after the nerve crush, GC1 was just detectable. These results suggest that the maturation of the electrical properties, and in particular that of the resting chloride conductance in mammalian striated muscle fibers, occurs during the first weeks of postnatal life and is dependent on innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00594192
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical versus biochemical estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor analysis: correlation with histological parameters (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 115 (1989), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Estrogen receptor ; Progesterone receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human breast carcinomas were evaluated for estrogen and progesterone receptors by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies (n=267) and by cytosol steroid-binding assays (n=212). The estrogen and progesterone receptor contents of the tumors correlated with histological features of differentiation, such as histological and nuclear grade, and with the amount of tumor necrosis and lymphoid infiltration. The correlation of immunohistochemically determined steroid receptor values with histological characteristics was somewhat better than that of biochemically assessed concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400963
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    The activation of 3H-labeled N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine by isolated hamster pancreas cells (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 115 (1989), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Alkyl guanines ; Pancreas DNA ; Nitrosamines ; Acinar cells ; Duct cells ; Hamster ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activation of 3H-labeled N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine ([3H]BOP) by pancreas acinar and duct tissue from Syrian hamsters and MRC-Wistar rats in vitro was measured as DNA alkylation. Hamster tissue was incubated with [3H]BOP (0.1 mM; 20 μCi/ml) for 2 h. Initial levels of alkylation were similar, 41.7±3.7 (acinar) and 51.5±7.8 (duct) dpm/μg DNA. Alkylation persisted for longer in duct (t/2〉46 h) than in acinar tissue (t/2=6 h). The faster repair of alkylation in acinar tissue was not due to acinar cell death. In rat duct tissue the level of alkylation 2 h after incubation (38.9±4.5 dpm/μg DNA) was similar to that in hamster ducts but declined more rapidly (t/2=27 h). Hamster and rat acinar and duct tissue was incubated with BOP followed by [3H]thymidine to measure DNA synthesis. BOP stimulated DNA synthesis in hamster but not in rat duct tissue or hamster acinar tissue. These data support the hypothesis that the duct tissue is the target tissue for BOP in Syrian hamsters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391599
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Tissue polypeptide antigen expression in human prostate tumors (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 115 (1989), S. 84-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Tissue polypeptide antigen ; Prostate ; Tumor ; Metastasis ; Origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-seven specimens of benign and malignant prostatic tumors were studied for the localization of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) by an avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex technique. In addition, 23 metastases of prostatic carcinoma in other organs and 12 nonepithelial tumors of prostate also were studied. All benign and malignant tumors of epithelial origin, including their metastasis, stained positively. Non-epithelial tumors were uniformly negative. In the metastatic lesions, small foci of tumor cells and even single tumor cells could be identified by TPA staining. Immunohistochemical localization of TPA appeared to be a useful tool for assessing the micrometastases of prostatic carcinoma in other organs, especially lymph nodes, or elucidating the epithelial origin of an otherwise undifferentiated prostatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391605
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of β-protein in Alzheimer-type dementia brains (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 236 (1989), S. 214-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alzheimer-type dementia ; Senile plaque ; Amyloid deposit ; β-Protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study with a polyclonal anti-β-protein antiserum was performed in order to understand the mechanism of deposition of amyloid fibrils in senile plaques in Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). Serial cortical sections cut from ATD brains were necessary to investigate the structural correlation between senile plaques and blood vessels. The senile plaques were stained well and a blood vessel or capillary-like structure was found in most of β-protein-immunoreactive deposits. These findings may suggest an involvement of blood vessels in the formation of at least some of the amyloid deposits in ATD brains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314502
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Ragged-red fibres detected in paraffin sections by a monoclonal antibody to inner mitochondrial membrane (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 236 (1989), S. 482-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Mitochondrial myopathy ; Ragged-red fibres ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical method is reported using the M-II68 monoclonal antibody, which detects mitochondrial accumulations (“ragged-red fibres”) in routinely processed (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) muscle tissue. Ten cases with electron-microscopically and histochemically proven mitochondrial myopathy featured 4% to 24% ragged-red fibres. In a series of 50 muscle biopsies without mitochondrial myopathy, scattered ragged-red fibres (〈0.1%) were present in a few normal and pathological muscles. The immunohistochemical method is specific for mitochondria, does not require frozen tissue and permits rapid examination of large areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328512
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    CA 125 in normal tissues and carcinomas of the uterine cervix, endometrium and fallopian tube (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 244 (1989), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: CA 125 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Müllerian duct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) has been investigated in normal tissues and carcinomas of the Müllerian duct by immunohistochemical methods using the monoclonal antibody OC 125. Detection of CA 125 was most intense in cryostat sections and decreased in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues according to the duration of fixation. Enzymatic digestion with neuraminidase or alkaline hydrolysis abolished specific staining suggesting the antigen is a sialylsaccharide bound to protein by alkali-labile linkage. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the presence of CA 125 in all normal glandular epithelia of the endocervix, endometrium and fallopian tube in different distribution patterns. In normal endometrium the cellular distribution pattern was related to the menstrual cycle. In endocervical, endometrial and tubal adenocarcinomas CA 125 was found in 73% of cases. In glandular structures the antigen was concentrated at the luminal surface of the tumour cells, in solid tumour areas it was spread throughout the cytoplasm or concentrated in large cytoplasmic vacuoles. The expression of CA 125 was considerably lower in solid tumour areas. These data show that CA 125 is not a true “tumour marker”, but a product of female genital mucosae and of their cancerous derivates provided their synthesizing ability is not lost in the course of pathologic differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931381
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of exposure to cold and fasting on the placental glycogen and triglyceride content in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 244 (1989), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Placenta ; Glycogen ; Triglyceride ; Cold ; Fasting ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of exposure to cold (+2°C, 3 and 24 h) and fasting (1, 2 and 3 days) on placental glycogen and triglyceride content was investigated in rats pregnant for 20 days. The stimuli did not affect the level of glycogen in the placenta. The level of triglycerides remained unchanged in the rats exposed to cold. It rose after only one day of fasting and then levelled out on the 2nd and 3rd days. Fasting, but not exposure to cold produced hypoglycemia and elevation of the plasma free fatty acids level. We conclude that activation of the adrenergic system during exposure to cold does not interfere with the glycogen and triglyceride content of the placenta. Prolonged hypoglycemia also does not affect the placental glycogen level although it increases the accumulation of neutral fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931292
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the occurrence of an enkephalin-like peptide in adrenaline and noradrenaline neurons of the rat medulla oblongata (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 631-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Coexistence ; Catecholamines ; NPY ; Peptide ; Neurotransmitters ; Brain stem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to analyze the catecholaminergic neurons in the medulla oblongata of the rat for the presence of enkephalin (ENK) — and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (LI). In colchicine pretreated animals, using a double staining technique with mouse and rabbit antibodies against ENK and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), it was demonstrated that both TH-and ENK-LI occurred in the same neurons, particularly in many neurons of the A1 noradrenaline cell group. In the transition zone to the C1 adrenaline cell group, a proportion of PNMT-positive cells also contained ENK-LI. In the rostral and mid portion of the C1 group only few TH/PNMT-positive cells were found to be ENK-positive. In the noradrenergic A2 region, a moderate number of cell bodies also contained TH plus ENK-LI, whereas only a few of the adrenaline cells of the C2 and C3 groups showed ENK-LI. In addition, with an elution restaining technique it was possible to demonstrate that several of the cells containing TH-and ENK-LI were also positive for NPY-LI. The present findings demonstrate that a subpopulation of the catecholaminergic neurons in the medulla oblongata of the rat is ENK positive, thereby indicating a possible co-release of the two compounds in their projection areas, for example the paraventricular nucleus and the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247366
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    D2-but not D1-dopamine receptors are involved in the inhibitory control of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone release from the rat hypothalamus (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: α-melanocyte ; stimulating hormone ; Dopamine receptors ; Rat ; Hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) from slices of rat hypothalamus superfused with artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (ACSF) was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Addition of 10-6 M quinpirole, a D2-dopamine receptor agonist, to the superfusion medium caused a significant (P 〈 0.001) reduction in the amount of α-MSH released upon depolarisation with 50 mM potassium from 319 ±37% to 110 ±16% of basal release in normal ACSF (mean ±S.E.M.). Basal peptide release in the presence of quinpirole was unaffected. Sulpiride, a D2-dopamine receptor antagonist, at a concentration of 10-6 M, induced a significant (P 〈 0.05) increase of both basal and potassium-stimulated α-MSH release to 203 ±21% and 447 ±88% of basal release in normal ACSF respectively. The latter increases were abolished when sulpiride and quinpirole were added in combination. SK&F 38393-A and SCH 23390, a D1-dopamine agonist and antagonist respectively, had no significant effect on either basal or potassiumstimulated α-MSH release. It is proposed that endogenous dopamine exerts an inhibitory control on α-MSH release from the rat hypothalamus via D2-dopamine receptors and that in isolated hypothalamic slices there is a tonic inhibition of peptide release due to the activity of this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247368
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  • 88
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    Expansion of innervation territory by afferents involved in plasma extravasation after nerve regeneration in adult and neonatal rats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 88-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Collateral sprouting ; Nerve regeneration ; Mechanoreceptors ; C-fibers ; Plasma extravasation ; Evans blue ; Skin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The capacity of the saphenous nerve for collateral sprouting was examined by electrophysiological recordings of the activity of low threshold mechanoreceptors and plasma extravasation after C-fiber stimulation in rats. When the sciatic nerve was sectioned neonatally or in adults little evidence was obtained for collateral sprouting of either mechanoreceptors or fibers involved in plasma extravasation in the intact saphenous nerve0 In rats where the sciatic nerve was sectioned and the saphenous nerve was crushed either neonatally or in adults, expansive regenerative reinnervation by thin fibers, but not mechanoreceptors, was observed particularly in glabrous skin. Saphenous crush alone did not cause expansive regenerative reinnervation. The results indicate that much of the collateral sprouting or regenerative reinnervation of the skin observed in morphological studies may represent the presence of fibers not responding to the stimuli used in the present study. It is also suggested that some observations of collateral sprouting may represent changes in responsiveness to stimulation of skin areas with overlapping innervation territories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253626
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological and morphological properties of rat abducens motoneurones (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 141-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Abducens motoneurones ; Intracellular recordings ; HRP staining ; Membrane properties ; Somato-dendritic organization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electrical and morphological properties of abducens motoneurones were investigated in the rat with intracellular recordings and intracellular HRP-staining. Motoneurones were identified by their antidromic response to electrical stimulation of the lateral rectus muscle. The antidromic action potential was followed by a delayed depolarization and an after hyperpolarization lasting 20 ms to 45 ms. The whole neurone input resistance (RN) calculated from I/V curves, was found to lie between 2 MΩ and 15 MΩ with a bimodal distribution (mean values 4.9 MΩ and 12 MΩ). In some cases, anomalous rectification was observed with low current intensities. Prolonged hyperpolarizing current pulses revealed the presence of a time dependant inward rectification and slow rebound depolarization. The intensity/frequency curves suggest the existence of three ranges of discharge. The average intensity frequency slope during the steady state was 43 imp/s/ nA. Eight abducens motoneurones were intracellularly labelled with HRP and fully reconstructed. The soma (23 μm to 40 μm in diameter) gave off 5 to 7 primary dendrites. The general organization and extension of the dendritic trees depended on the location of the soma within the abducens nucleus. The mean diameter of primary dendrites was 4.17 μm with similar average values in all motoneurones. The soma size of abducens motoneurones was not correlated with either the size of the proximal tree or the whole neurone input resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253631
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibody VC1.1 selectively stains a population of GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the rat cerebral cortex (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Parvalbumin ; GABA ; Nonpyramidal cell ; Monoclonal antibody ; Lectin ; Cerebral cortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibody VC1.1 is shown to stain selectively a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the rat cerebral cortex. Almost all VC1.1 immunoreactive cells were also GABA-like immunoreactive (GABA-LI) and parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive, whereas they were about 30% and 65% of GABA-LI and PV-positive cells in the parietal cortex and about 13% and 32% in the occipital cortex, respectively. Although a few VC1.1 positive cells showed somatostatinlike and/or cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivities, they were exceptional (less than 1% of VC1.1 positive cells). Furthermore about 90% of VC1.1 positive cells were also stained with a lectin, Vicia villosa agglutinin, with a specific affinity for terminal N-acetylgalactosamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230685
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  • 91
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    Local circuit neurons in both the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn establish synaptic connections with principal neurons in five day old rats: a morphological basis for inhibition in early development (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Inhibition ; Hippocampal formation ; Development ; GABAergic neurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-positive and Golgi impregnated local circuit neurons of the hippocampal formation of five day old rats were examined in light and electron microscopic preparations. The ultrastructural features of these neurons were similar in both the dentate gyrus and CA1 area of Ammon's horn. Somata displayed a perikaryal cytoplasm rich in organelles but lacked organized Nissl bodies. Most nuclei showed intranuclear infoldings of varying degrees but no intranuclear sheets or rods were found. Somata and dendrites were contacted by relatively immature axon terminals that formed mainly symmetric synapses. The axons of local circuit neurons in both the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn formed symmetric synapses with somata and dendrites of the principal neurons in these regions. Thus, both GAD-positive and Golgi-impregnated terminals of local circuit neurons were observed to form synapses with pyramidal and granule cells. These terminals were usually small and contained relatively few pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. The results show that a circuitry for inhibition is established in the 5 day old dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn, even though the local circuit neurons lack some of the typical adult ultrastructural features at this age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230680
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  • 92
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    Coexistence of glucocorticoid receptor-like immunoreactivity with neuropeptides in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 33-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Steroid receptor ; CRF ; Neurotensin ; Enkephalin ; CCK ; PHI ; VIP ; Somatostatin ; TRH ; Dopamine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Arcuate nucleus ; Hormones ; Neurosecretion ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of male albino rats was analyzed for the presence of glucocorticoid receptor-like immunoreactivity (GR-LI) in neuropeptide containing neurons. Using immunohistochemistry, coronal sections trough the entire PVN were double-stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against GR and one of the following antisera: rabbit antiserum to corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), neurotensin (NT), enkephalin (ENK), cholecystokinin (CCK), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), galanin (GAL), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SOM) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). For comparison the occurrence of GR-LI in NT-, SOM-, NPY- or TH-positive neurons of the arcuate nucleus was also studied. Our results indicate that GR-LI is present in the parvocellular part of the PVN but not in its magnocellular portion. Virtually every parvocellular neuron in the PVN containing one of the above mentioned peptides was also positive for GR, with the exception of SOM neurons, of which only about two thirds showed detectable levels of GR-LI. All TH-positive, presumably dopamine neurons in the PVN were GR-positive. In the arcuate nucleus all TH- and NPY-positive neurons as well as a large proportion of the SOM- and NT-immunoreactive neurons contained GR-LI. The results indicate that in the PVN, in addition to the CRF neurons, certain peptidergic neurons in the parvocellular part of the PVN, without any established role in the control of ACTH synthesis and release, may also be under glucocorticoid control. This seems to be the case also for most arcuate neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230684
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  • 93
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    Similarities between aberrant serotonergic fibers in the aged and 5,7-DHT denervated young adult rat brain (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Aging ; Serotonin ; Degeneration ; 5,7-DHT ; Lesion ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent morphological observations have suggested neurotransmitter specific degeneration of amongst others, the serotonergic system in the aged rat brain. However, morphological studies can only give a static picture of the events that take place over a period of several months. In the present study we used an experimental model in which degeneration of the serotonergic system in the young adult rat brain was produced on a short time scale. Morphological changes were studied 2 h and 1 or 14 days after intracerebroventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Nonspecific damage and severe depletion of serotonergic fibers was observed in the immediate surroundings of the injection site, representing the effects of high local concentrations of 5,7-DHT. Sometime after injection swollen varicosities and dilated non-varicose fibers were observed. Fourteen days after the 5,7-DHT treatment cluster-like fibers appeared. It is argued that these swollen and crumpled fiber knots are slowly degenerating fibers. A comparison is made with the abnormal serotonergic fibers in the aged rat brain and it is concluded that these aged abnormal fibers represent axonal degeneration of the serotonergic system in the senescent rat brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230689
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  • 94
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    Distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes in the rat brain (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 147-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Glia ; GFAP ; Forebrain ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the first of two papers dealing with the distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein-(GFAP)-immunoreactive elements in the rat brain, the localization of immunostaining in the forebrain is systematically described. While the limbic cortex was found to contain intensely stained, evenly distributed astrocytes, the neocortex showed clearly stratified GFAP-staining, with substantially less immunoreactivity occurring in the middle layers than in the areas close to the brain surface or the white matter. A remarkably regular staining pattern was observed in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The striatum remained unstained in sharp contrast to the pallidum. In the diencephalon, the main thalamic nuclei were poor in GFAP-labelled elements in contrast to the internuclear border zones. In the hypothalamus, nuclei were conspicuous by their GFAP-staining. A consistent differential staining pattern was obtained in the epithalamic structures. The observed distributional pattern of diencephalic GFAP-immunoreactivity is thought to be due to different regional proliferation of the embryonic neuroepithelium of the diencephalon. The uneven distribution of GFAP-immunoreactivity in the forebrain is explained on a mainly developmental basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230694
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  • 95
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    Distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes in the rat brain (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 164-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Glia ; GFAP ; Brainstem ; Spinal cord ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topographical mapping of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity was performed in coronal serial sections of the rat mesencephalon, rhombencephalon and spinal cord. Relative to a background of poor or moderate overall staining of the mesencephalon, the interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra and the periaqueductal grey matter were prominent by their intense GFAP-immunoreactivity. The pons and particularly the medulla contained more GFAP-labelled elements compared with the mesencephalon. The spinal trigeminal nucleus and Rolando substance were distinguished by their intense staining. Large fibre tracts were usually poor in immunoreactive GFAP. In a concluding discussion, findings relevant to the GFAP-mapping of the whole rat CNS are evaluated with regard to possible reasons underlying the observed differential distribution of GFAP-immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230695
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory amino acid receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla mediate a vagal cardiopulmonary reflex in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cardiopulmonary vagal reflex ; Bezold-Jarisch reflex ; Excitatory amino acid ; Caudal ventrolateral medulla ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The importance of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in mediating vagal cardiopulmonary (Bezold-Jarisch reflex) reflex activity was studied in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Unilateral electrolytic lesion of the CVLM markedly attenuated Bezold-Jarisch reflex responses (hypotension and bradycardia) elicited by intravenous injections of 5-HT. Bilateral lesion of the CVLM virtually abolished the reflex responses. Microinjection of the excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor antagonist kynurenate (KYN), but not the inactive analogue xanthurenate, into the CVLM markedly attenuated the reflex responses to 5-HT. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801 also markedly attenuated reflex activity. Furthermore, lesions, KYN and MK-801 all tended to elevate resting blood pressure and to reduce resting heart rate. These findings support the hypothesis that the CVLM is an important medullary locus mediating cardiovascular reflex integration and that an EAA synapse in the CVLM is important in the cardiopulmonary reflex arc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230698
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of adrenal and foetal nigral grafts on drug-induced rotation in rats with 6-OHDA lesions (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 214-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nigral grafts ; Adrenal grafts ; Rotation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Separate groups of rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway received intrastriatal foetal (E14) substantia nigra suspension grafts, intrastriatal postnatal (P22–25) adrenal medulla suspension grafts using either collagenaseor trypsin-based dissociation procedures, intraventricular adrenal medulla grafts, or remained with lesions alone. Rats with nigral or adrenal suspension grafts, but not rats with adrenal solid grafts, showed reduced apomorphine-induced rotation in comparison with lesion rats. The nigral graft group alone showed substantial reduction of amphetamine-induced rotation, and this was the only group manifesting good long-term graft survival. These results indicate that nigral and adrenal grafts do not have comparable mechanisms of functional action, and suggest that adrenal grafts can ameliorate apomorphine-induced rotation by a non-specific mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230701
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Slow synaptic inhibition in relation to frequency habituation in dentate granule cells of rat hippocampal slices (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hoppocampus ; Granule cells ; Long lasting inhibition ; Frequency habituation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In paired pulse stimulation experiments the mechanism underlying frequency habituation of postsynaptic potentials in dentate granule cells of rat hippocampal slices was studied by measuring extra and intracellular potentials as well as changes in extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]0) and potassium concentrations ([K+]0). Orthodromic stimulation of the perforant path induced in most granule cells a late, slow hyperpolarization (SH), lasting for up to 1.2 s. During the SH the membrane conductance was increased by up to 40%. The reversal potential of the SH was around -90 mV and varied with the [K+]0. Frequency habituation was seen in all cells with the SH, whereas cells which display frequency potentiation had no SH. Lowering of [Ca2+]0 reversed paired pulse induced frequency habituation into frequency potentiation at [Ca2+]0 levels where the SH disappeared. Phaclofen blocked the SH and reversed frequency habituation into frequency potentiation. Elevating [Mg2+]0 also reversed frequency habituation into frequency potentiation and reduced the SH. We conclude that the SH represents a late, slow IPSP which is responsible for frequency habituation in dentate granule cells. We noted that during repetitive stimulation the SH soon started to fade. This effect can in part be attributed to extracellular K+-accumulation as suggested by the K+-dependence of the slow IPSP and the observations of changes in [K+]0 during repetitive stimulation. This could explain why frequency habituation reverses into frequency potentiation during repetitive stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228895
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative autoradiographic characterization of l-[3H] glutamate binding sites in rat vestibular nuclei (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 646-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Glutamate binding sites ; Autoradiography ; Vestibular nuclei ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative autoradiography has been used to characterize l-[3H] glutamate binding sites and to describe their distribution in frozen sections of rat vestibular nuclei. Scatchard plots and Hill coefficients of glutamate binding suggest that glutamate interacts with a single population of sites having a KD of about 126 nM and a capacity of 2.5 pmol/mg of protein. Although the level of glutamate binding was not very high compared to the highest levels described for some other brain regions, it was nonetheless substantial. The sites were distributed unevenly in the four vestibular nuclei and their distribution correlated well with the projection areas of the vestibular nerve, which has been described as a glutamate-mediated pathway. The highest numbers of glutamate binding sites were observed in the medial vestibular nuclei. This technique provides a very sensitive assay for characterizing the pharmacological subtypes of glutamate binding in the vestibular nuclei and for analyzing changes in these sites during development or after deafferentation of the vestibular nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248920
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    CO2 decreases membrane conductance and depolarizes neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 656-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Central chemoreceptor ; Carbon dioxide ; Nucleus tractus solitarius ; Nucleus ambiguus ; Cardiopulmonary control ; Brain slice ; Intracellular recording ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To identify central sites of potential CO2/H+-chemoreceptive neurons, and the mechanism responsible for neuronal chemosensitivity, intracellular recordings were made in rat tissue slices in two cardiopulmonary-related regions (i.e., nucleus tractus solitarii, NTS; nucleus ambiguus, AMBc) during exposure to high CO2. When the NTS was explored slices were bisected and the ventral half discarded. Utilizing such “dorsal” medullary slices removed any impinging synaptic input from putative chemoreceptors in the ventrolateral medulla. In the NTS, CO2-induced changes in firing rate were associated with membrane depolarizations ranging from 2–25 mV (n = 15). In some cases increased e.p.s.p. activity was observed during CO2 exposure. The CO2-induced depolarization occurred concomitantly with an increased input resistance ranging from 19–23 MΩ (n = 5). The lower membrane conductance during hypercapnia suggests that CO2-induced depolarization is due to a decreased outward potassium conductance. Unlike neurons in the NTS, AMBc neurons were not spontaneously active and were rarely depolarized by hypercapnia. Eleven of 12 cells tested were either hyperpolarized by or insensitive to CO2. Only 1 neuron in the AMBc was depolarized and it also showed an increased input resistance during CO2 exposure. Our findings suggest that CO2/H+-related stimuli decrease potassium conductance which depolarizes the cell and increases firing rate. Although our in vitro studies cannot guarantee the specific function of these cells, we believe they may be involved with brain pH homeostasis and cardiopulmonary regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248922
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