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  • 1985-1989  (64)
  • 1975-1979  (112)
  • 1989  (64)
  • 1979  (112)
  • Ultrastructure  (176)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Similarities to the “fibrohistiocytoid cells” in chronic inflammation (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 285-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Ultrastructure ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; “Fibrohistiocytoid cell”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were performed on tissue obtained from eight cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and five cases of sacral decubitus ulcer. The MFH was composed of two major tumour cell types: fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells. Both cell types demonstrated abundant branching, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), many free ribosomes, occasional small mitochondria, an oval, elliptical or irregularly shaped nucleus with one or two prominent nucleoli and often a few dense bodies. However, pseudopodial projections, multivesicular bodies and phagosomes, common histiocyte organelles, were not seen. With little difference between cases or selection sites, the MFH cells reacted to acid phosphatase (AcP) and α-naphtyl butyrate esterase (ANBE) by enzyme histochemistry and with ferritin (Fer), α1-antitrypsin (AT), α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), fibronectin (FN), HLA-DR, HLA-DP, Leu 10 and OKT 9 in immunohistochemical studies. MFH tumour cells did not immunostain with monocyte/macrophage markers (Leu M1, Leu M3, Mo 1, Mo 2 and Macrophage) although non-neoplastic histiocytes did react to these markers. In addition, granulation tissue, such as that found in sacral decubitus ulcers, was examined and the existence of a specific cell type called the “fibrohistiocytoid (FH) cell” was documented. The FH cell was short, spindle shaped and elliptical. Ultrastructurally, it had fragmented rER distributed in a branching pattern, dispersed free ribosomes, small mitochondria and a few dense bodies, but lacked diverse fused lysosomes and distinct pseudopodial cytoplasmic extensions. The FH cells reacted with AcP, alkaline phosphatase and ANBE but not with peroxidase using enzyme histochemistry and with Fer, AT, ACT, FN, HLA-DR, HLA-DP, Leu 10 and OKT 9 but not with monocyte/macrophage markers, C3d receptor, C3bi receptor in immunohistochemical studies. The FH cells had morphological, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics intermediate between fibroblasts and histiocytes. Similarities between MFH cells and the FH cells seen in chronic inflammation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00734082
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Sebaceous carcinoma ; Parotid gland ; Salivary gland ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sebaceous carcinoma of salivary gland origin is extremely rare and, because of its rarity, the clinicopathological characteristics and the histogenesis are not fully understood. We present a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland which brings the total number of reported cases to 22. The tumor showed epithelial cell nests which were mainly composed of sebaceous cells with marked cellular atypia. In most of the nests, glandular spaces lined by ductal epithelium were present. Scattered mucous cells and flattened eosinophilic cells at the periphery of the nests were also seen. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations of the tumour revealed coexistence of sebaceous and glandular differentiations in some tumour cells. Tumour cells with lipid granules often participated in the formation of glandular structures or exhibited intracytoplasmic lumina, and immunohistochemical localization of lactoferrin and secretory component, the functional markers of ductal epithelium of salivary gland, was demonstrated not only in duct-forming tumour cells but also in many sebaceous tumour cells. It seems likely that sebaceous carcinoma originates from pluripotential duct cells which can differentiate into sebaceous, ductal and mucous cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718631
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscope study on in vitro parthenogenesis in sunflower (1989)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 2 (1989), S. 154-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; Unfertilized ovule culture ; Parthenogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Proembryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscope studies have been conducted on the parthenogenesis induced by in vitro culture of unfertilized ovules of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). In comparison with the state of the egg prior to inoculation, some eggs 5 days after culture show striking ultrastructural changes, which include, among others, nuclear migration, an increase in the number and activity of the organelles, a loss of polarity and wall formation at the chalazal end of the cell. Most of these changes are similar to those that occur normally in the zygote, indicating that parthenogenic development has been triggered in these eggs. Such eggs have been termed activated and are presumed to be capable of undergoing parthenogenesis. The parthenogenic proembryos which result share some features in common with zygotic proembryos. In addition, some parthenogenic proembryos exhibit unique properties not found in zygotic proembryos. These include embryos that consist of two parts differing markedly in density, an inversion of polarity, the frequent occurrence of autophagic vacuoles, the thickening of cell walls, a centripetal growth mode of wall formation, the appearance of an incomplete cell wall, free nuclear division, amitosis and degeneration. We believe that these ultrastructural peculiarities are the effects of in vitro culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192762
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of polymorphic pollen grains of Canna indica L. (1989)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 2 (1989), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Polymorphism ; Ultrastructure ; Pollen grains ; Canna indica L ; Tannin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Our investigations on Canna indica L. indicate that the pollen of this species is polymorphic: there are two types of pollen — a larger type and a comparatively smaller type. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of small vacuoles containing tannic substances in the generative cell (GC) of the larger grains: the GC of the mature grain contained a higher quantity of tannins than the GC of the immature grain. Mitochondria, lipid bodies, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and microtubular bundles were present in the cytoplasm of the GC. Numerous mitochondria, lipid bodies and plastids were also present in the vegetative cell (VC), with the mitochondria clustered around the vegetative nucleus. The plastids were observed to be associated with the RER cisterns. During the maturation process, the number of starch grains contained in the plastids decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192766
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total muscle mitochondrial volume in relation to aerobic capacity of horses and steers (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 413 (1989), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Exercise ; Heart ; Mitochondria ; Oxygen uptake ; Respiration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between maximal oxygen consumption rate ( $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ ) and mitochondrial content of skeletal muscles was examined in horses and steers (n=3 each). Samples of the heart left ventricle, diaphragm,m. vastus medialis, m. semitendinosus, m. cutaneous thoracicus andm. masseter, as well as samples of muscles collected in a whole-body sampling procedure, were analyzed by electron microscopy. $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ per kilogram body mass was 2.7× greater in horses than steers. This higher $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ was in proportion to the higher total volume of mitochondria in horse versus steer muscle when analyzed from the whole-body samples and from the locomotor muscle samples. In non-locomotor muscles, total mitochondrial volume was greater in horses than steers, but not in proportion to their differences in $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ . The $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ of the mitochondria was estimated to be close to 4.5 ml O2·ml−1 mitochondria in both species. It is concluded that in a comparison of a highly aerobic to a less aerobic mammalian species of similar body size, a higher oxidative potential may be found in all muscles of the more aerobic species. This greater oxidative potential is achieved by a greater total volume of skeletal muscle mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584481
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liver cell shedding and phagocytic rveaction in alcoholic liver disease (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Alcoholic liver disease ; Ultrastructure ; Phagocytosis ; Cell shedding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sinusoidal macrophages were studied by light and electron microscopy in 49 liver biopsies from alcohol-abusers with a variety of alcohol-related liver lesions or with near-normal livers. Changes were related to those in nearby hepatocytes. A reduction in the number of macrophages was noted in the more severely damaged livers. Hepatocytes formed blebs at their sinusoidal poles, and these protruded into the space of Disse and into the sinusoidal lumen. It is postulated that reduced phagocytic activity in the livers of patients with severe alcohol-related liver disease leads to increased shedding of hepatocellular material into the circulation. This may promote the development of autoimmune reactions directed against hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718601
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of metaplastic ciliated cells in human stomach (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric mucosa ; Intestinal metaplasia ; Ciliated cell ; Ciliated metaplasia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa occurs commonly in aged Japanese patients and has been discussed in relation to the high incidence of gastric cancer in Japanese. Ciliated cells in the gastric mucosa have frequently been found in association with intestinal metaplasia in the pyloric gland and rarely in the cardiac gland in many Japanese patients, and exceptionally in one Chinese and in one Swedish patient. Electron microscopic examination of 12 Japanese patients has revealed that these structures are not metaplastic stereocilia, but true cilia. Ciliated cells have been found in the basal part of the gastric glands and never in the surface epithelium. The fine structure of the gastric cilia was almost the same as that of normal respiratory cilia. However, in the gastric cilia, most dynein arms were inconspicuous even after tannic acid fixation, indicating that ciliary beating of the gastric cilia is problematic. Abnormal cilia and basal bodies also were found. Ciliated cells have always occurred in association with intestinal metaplasia, therefore this phenomenon might be a type of metaplasia and is named “ciliated metaplasia” of the gastric mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718590
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paracrystalline inclusions in metaplastic ciliated cells of the human gastric mucosa (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Paracrystalline inclusion ; Microtubule ; Ciliogenesis ; Gastric ciliated cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unusual electron-dense paracrystalline inclusions were found in metaplastic ciliated cells in the stomachs of three Japanese male patients with gastric carcinoma. These patients had not been given antitumour drugs before surgery and ethrane (enflurane) was used as the anaesthetic. Ciliated cells in the gastric mucosa are found not infrequently in the pyloric glands in association with intestinal metaplasia in elderly Japanese patients. Paracrystalline inclusions were found only in the ciliated cells and never in any other types of gastric mucosal cell. These inclusions were located in the apical portion of the ciliated cells in intimate association with the basal bodies. They consisted of twisted strings about 27 nm wide with a regularly repeated spacing of about 30 nm. On highly magnified electron micrographs, granules about 4 nm in diameter were detected. These paracrystalline inclusions have never been reported previously, although their location in ciliated cells and their morphological characteristics suggest an intimate relationship with the ciliogenesis of metaplastic ciliated cells in the human stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00784352
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroendocrine markers in central nervous system neuronal tumors (gangliocytoma and ganglioglioma) (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gangliocytoma ; Ganglioglioma ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuroendocrine markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied five cases of central nervous system neuronal tumor, one gangliocytoma and four gangliogliomas, both ultrastructurally and immuno-histochemically, using antibodies to neuroendocrine markers including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), serotonin (5HT), somatostatin (SOM), met-enkephalin (MEK), leu-enkephalin (LEK), substance P (SP), gastrin, vasopressin, oxytocin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, adrenocorticotropic hormone and calcitonin. In all cases, the presence of dense-core vesicles (60–250 nm) in the neuronal elements was the characteristic ultrastructural finding. Synapses were observed in two cases. Immunohistochemically, variable numbers of neuronal cells showed positive staining for SOM in five cases, TH, MEK and LEK in three cases, and 5HT and SP in one case each. The others were negative. Positive immunoreactivity for multiple markers was shown in all cases. SOM, TH, 5HT and SP were present in the small- to medium-sized cells, while MEK and LEK were almost exclusively confined to the large cells. Our study clearly indicated that these tumors contained neuronal cells which were not homogeneous with regard to neuroendocrine markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687574
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute ultrastructural response of hypoxic hypoxia with relative ischemia in the isolated brain (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 637-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral hypoxia ; Cerebral ischemia ; Ultrastructure ; Neocortex ; Brain isolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acute cortical response to surgical brain isolation and subsequent extracorporal normoxic or 30 min hypoxic (PaO2=20 mm Hg) perfusions (hypoxic hypoxia with relative ischemia) was evaluated. Cerebral blood flow, arterial pH and CO2 were maintained constant during both perfusions; only the arterial oxygen content was changed. The isolated brain model used in this and previous investigations produces no qualitative ultrastructural changes in the neocortex following brain isolation and normoxic perfusion. However, the acute cortical structural response to 30 min of hypoxic hypoxia with relative ischemia demonstrated a number of important observations. Hypoxic hypoxia produced ultrastructural responses common to cerebral ischemia such as nuclear chromatin clumping, nucleolar condensation and cytoskeletal breakdown. Although neuronal abnormalities seen after 30 min of hypoxic hypoxia were similar to those acute neuronal changes observed following complete cerebral ischemia without recirculation, they differed three ways: (a) mitochondrial swelling and microvacuolation were observed in many cortical pyramidal neurons. (b) Glycogen particles within astroglial processes were observed even after a 30-min period of hypoxic hypoxia. (c) Perivascular astroglial swelling was minimal despite considerable perineuronal swelling. In contrast, incomplete cerebral ischemia produces mitochondrial changes similar to those in hypoxic hypoxia but also causes the depletion of tissue glycogen and perivascular glial swelling. Thus, hypoxic hypoxia with relative ischemia produces a unique acute ultrastructural response compared to either complete or incomplete cerebral ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691291
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle in ovine muscular dystrophy (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 168-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscular ; Dystrophy ; Ovine ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The initial ultrastructural changes in skeletal myofibers in ovine muscular dystrophy (MD) consisted of focal degeneration of myofibrils and the formation of Z-disc abnormalities, including nemaline rods, in adjacent sarcomeres. Peripheral and central sarcoplasmic masses, which occurred initially in large diameter fibers, contained a mixture of normal organelles and abnormal tubular and fibrillar formations. Vesiculate sarcolemmal nuclei with prominent nucleoli accumulated in central and subsarcolemmal locations in small clusters and short rows. Deformed individual nuclei were sometimes present within nuclear rows. Loss of the myofibrillar mass, increased density of small spherical nuclei, collections of fibrillar and tubular arrays, excessive folding of the sarcolemma and greatly reduced fiber diameter were seen in the end stage of the dystrophic process. Resting satellite cells were present at all stages of lesion development. The morphological progression of the lesions suggested an inherited inability to effectively replace lost myofibrils with ultimate exhaustion of the capacity for repair followed by pathological fiber atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294375
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the presence of reciprocal synapses in the paratympanic organ of the chicken (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Paratympanic organ ; Reciprocal synapses ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation pattern of the paratympanic organ was studied by TEM. The paratympanic organ is a small tapering vesicle, typical of birds, situated in the medial wall of the tympanic cavity; it contains hair cells which are similar to type II receptors of the acoustic-lateral system; these cells are characterised by synapses which are not only afferent and efferent, as previously described, but also reciprocal with efferent fibers. Our observation revealed some efferent nerve fibers which form a relationship with hair cells containing synaptic bodies situated next to the plasma membrane and near the fibers themselves. Since synaptic bodies are commonly considered to be the site where the transmission of the impulse from the receptor to the nerve fiber takes place, our pictures suggest that the efferent fibers and hair cells may be either presynaptic or postsynaptic with respect to each other in the paratympanic organ. The hypothesis is formulated that reciprocal synapses allow interaction between hair cells, thus determining an increase in the contrast of information sent by the paratympanic organ to the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309769
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of conventionalization on cecal wall structure of germ-free Wistar rats: quantitative light and qualitative electron microscopic observations (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cecum ; Germ-free rat ; Microflora inoculation ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structural changes of the cecal wall in germfree rats were observed at regular intervals after the inoculation of fecal microflora from conventional rats. Quantitative light microscopy showed that most of the elements in the cecal wall increased at 12 or 24 h and reached peak values at 4 days after inoculation. On the 7th day, they decreased approximately to the values for conventional rats. The crypts were bent or widely open till 24 h but were not after the 4th day. Hyperplasia of the crypt epithelial cells including mucous-type cells was observed following microbial inoculation. Electron microscopy revealed that most of the epithelial cells lining the mucosa were typical columnar cells. Desquamation of the epithelial cells and contraction of the muscle fibers were often seen on 4th day. The mucous-type cells were divided into two types, goblet and non-goblet mucous-type cells. Reduction of cecal volume after microbial inoculation may be mainly caused by muscle contraction in the early period and hyperplasia and desquamation of the epithelial cells may suggest their role as the first and non-specific defense line prior to operation of the specific immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309771
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma (Bluefarb-Stewart type) (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 281 (1989), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma ; Bluefarb-Stewart syndrome ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study of the skin lesion of a young patient affected by pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma of the Bluefarb-Stewart type (BSS) is reported. The neoplasm consisted of a proliferation of vascular structures mostly consisting of a solid bud of endothelial cells surrounded by a thinned and polystratified basement membrane and several pericytes. Both endothelial cells and pericytes were of normal ultrastructural appearance. Intervascular “stromal” cells were few and morphologically identified as macrophages and/or phagocytic fibroblasts. Masses of hemosiderin were detected outside the cells and in the macrophages, endothelial cells, and pericytes. Intracytoplasmatic crystalloid inclusions similar to those found in fetal endothelium and hemangiomas were observed in a few endothelial cells. These findings are different from those of previously reported cases of pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma and may be helpful in distinguishing Kaposi's sarcoma from BSS. The role of immunodeficiency in the onset of BSS is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424270
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reappraisal of neurofibrillary tangles (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 258-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibrillary tangles ; Alzheimer's disease ; Pick bodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the immunohistochemical reactivity and ultrastructure of both neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) occurring with severe neurofibrillary diseases, and Pick bodies (PBs) associated with Pick's disease. The NFTs and PBs did not react immunohistochemically with the anti-nonphosphorylated neurofilament monoclonal antibody irrespective of whether they were pretreated with alkaline phosphatase. In granular neurons of the dentate fascia of Ammon's horn in cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), NFTs either resembled PB-like inclusion bodies (Horoupian's inclusion bodies) in form, or had a perinuclear structure. Immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, the NFTs in the dentate fascia in cases of DAT, including Horoupian's inclusion bodies, were similar to the NFTs in the pyramidal neurons of Ammon's horn, which are found most frequently in association with severe neurofibrillary diseases. Under a light microscope, Horoupian's inclusion bodies and PBs could not be differentiated and appeared to be argyrophilic round cytoplasmic inclusions in granular neurons of the dentate fascia. There were, however, ultrastructural differences. Horoupian's inclusion bodies consisted of bundles made up of straight tubules (STs), each about 15 nm in diameter. These bundles were intermixed with a few paired helical filaments which occurred at intervals of about 80 nm. On the other hand, PBs were composed of randomly distributed 15-nm-wide STs, intermixed with a very few fibrillary structures. These fibrils had a periodicity of about 160 nm, and ranged in width from about 15 nm to 30 nm. Horoupian's inclusion bodies associated with DAT and PBs associated with Pick's disease are different in this neuropathological aspect. The NFTs, including Horoupian's inclusion bodies in the dentate fascia in cases of DAT, are considered to be a manifestation of neurofibrillary degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687577
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new type of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion: histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical studies (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 599-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuronal inclusions ; Leigh disease ; Tropomyosin ; Actin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A novel type of non-viral cytoplasmic inclusion is described, which was seen in virtually every neuron in the brain and spinal cord of a child with a presumed metabolic disorder whose clinical picture and CNS pathology were compatible with Leigh Syndrome. The ovoid to round inclusions were sharply demarcated, measuring up to 11 μm in diameter. They showed no distinctive staining with a battery of routine histological techniques. The ultrastructural features are unique, comprising non-membrane-bounded aggregates of randomly oriented plate-like structures with parallel linear densities depicting a periodicity of 11–16 nm. Immunocytochemical studies revealed strong staining with antisera to tropomyosin and weaker staining with antisera to actin. There was no reactivity with antibodies against neurofilaments, microtubules and their associated proteins, paired helical filaments, ubiquitin, vinculin or alpha-actinin. It is postulated that the metabolic disorder resulted in a neurodegenerative condition which manifested pathologically with lesions compatible with those of Leigh Syndrome. Associated with the condition was the discrete accumulation of cytoplasmic proteinaceous components, including tropomyosin, in the form of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions possibly resulting from an alteration of the neuronal cytoskeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687887
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membranous changes in primary malignant CNS lymphomas (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 86-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primary malignant CNS lymphoma ; Ultrastructure ; Intracytoplasmic tubuloreticular, membranous structures ; Intranuclear inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of 17 primary malignant CNS lymphomas revealed 6 tumors with abnormal intracytoplasmic and/or intranuclear membranous structures, most frequently, associated with the endoplasmic reticulum or perinuclear envelope. In most cases, tubuloreticular inclusions and paired cisternae were present. Less frequent were accumulation of mictotubules, concentric lamellar bodies, and rod-like or paracrystalline intranuclear inclusions. The specificity and significance of these membranous structures remain questionable because of their frequent occurrence in a variety of normal and pathological conditions. Some of these changes may be considered as cellular reactions to viral infections, others may indicate cellular activity or degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308962
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumor arising from the pineal body (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 654-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Pineal origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor arising from pineal region of a 4-year-old girl is presented. The tumor had spread diffusely to the meninges, consistent with malignant behavior. Histologically, the tumor consisted primarily of epithelial elements arranged in tubules, cords and nests separated by fibrous vascular tissue in addition to a small neuroblastomatous focus. Melanin pigment was frequently observed in the epithelial tumor cells, and melanin-laden macrophages were also often observed. No teratoid elements were found. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase but were nonreactive for S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, α-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial nature of the tumor cells could be easily demonstrated. In addition, melanosomes in various stages in maturation were observed, indicating melanogenesis of the tumor. On the basis of the tumor location and the histological similarities previously observed for the fetal pineal body, it is very likely that this melanotic epithelial tumor could have originated from the fetal pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687894
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dithiobiuret neurotoxicity: an ultrastructural investigation of the lesion in preterminal axons and motor endplates in the rat lumbrical muscle (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 72-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: 2,4-Dithiobiuret ; Thioimidodicarbonic diamide ; Motor endplate ; Neuromuscular junction ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 2,4-Dithiobiuret was given i.p. to rats for 4 days at a daily dosage of 1 mg/kg and the development of the lesion associated with neuromuscular dysfunction studied in hindlimb lumbrical muscles. The first morphological indication of neurointoxication was the appearance in some motor endplates of masses of branching tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) on day 2 which correlated with the initial functional disturbances. By the 3rd day, most motor endplates were distended by accumulations of densecored, lucent and synaptic vesicles, abnormally swollen mitochondria, intermediate filaments and branching, tubular SER. Evidence of collateral axonal sprouting was seen first at this time. On days 4 and 5, many motor endplates were markedly enlarged and showed axoplasmic organelle congestion. A significant increase in synaptic vesicle size was noted at these times in some terminals. Interposition of Schwann cell processes between the pre- and postsynaptic membranes and terminal retraction was now evident. Some intramuscular nerves showed hydropic Schwann cell cytoplasm with separation of the outermost myelin lamellae, mitochondrial swelling and adaxonal vacuoles as early as the 1st day. Proliferation and segregation of SER around central cores of neurofilaments was seen in myelinated nerve fibres and preterminals on the 3rd day. At this and later times accumulations of SER and swollen mitochondria were found at sites of axonal varicosities and at the paranodal constrictions at nodes of Ranvier. These ultrastructural data are discussed with regard to reduced terminal Ca2+ content (demonstrated by oxalate-pyroantimonate cytochemistry) and compared with the sequelae of botulinum intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687405
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytomembranous inclusions in the peripheral nerves in AIDS (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 336-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: AIDS ; Cytomembranous inclusions ; Tubuloreticular inclusions ; Ultrastructure ; Peripheral nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report finding tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) in the endothelial cells of endo- and epineurial vessels in the sural nerve of 11 patients with AIDS. Six patients had a painful peripheral neuropathy, one a non-painful sensory neuropathy, one an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and one a thalidomide-related neuropathy. Two patients had no clinical evidence of neuropathy. The TRI are not specific to one neuropathy and are unlikely to contribute to the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve syndromes in AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294672
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative ultrastructural study of in vivo versus in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 435-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; In vitro fertilization ; Bovine ; Ova ; Cortical granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Heifers were superovulated by PMSG or FSH, and oestrus was induced by prostaglandin. One group of animals was ovariectomized 19–26 h after the LH peak, the content of preovulatory follicles aspirated, and the oocytes processed for in vitro fertilization. Another group was inseminated and ova were collected from the oviducts for study of in vivo fertilization. All ova were examined ultrastructurally. The developmental rate following in vitro fertilization was delayed compared to fertilization in vivo. A high proportion of the in vitro fertilized ova showed polyspermic penetration of the zona pellucida, and supernumerary spermatozoa were found in the ooplasm of some ova. In vivo fertilization was associated with release and subsequent dispersal of the cortical granule content in the perivitelline space. In contrast to this the released granule content of the in vitro fertilized ova remained undispersed close to the oolemma. This feature may account for the high incidence of polyspermic penetration of the zona pellucida. In addition, the study provided an ultrastructural visualization of the initial contact between the equatorial segment of the spermatozoon and the microvilli of the oocyte, and the subsequent internalization of the sperm head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319585
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of continuous light on rat parotid gland structure and reactivity (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 497-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Parotid gland ; Ultrastructure ; Amylase ; Secretion ; Isoproterenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of continuous light on ultrastructural organization and sympathetic secretory responses of the rat parotid gland are reported. After 50 days of continuous light exposure, the fine structure of the parotid gland exhibited features of enhanced secretory activity as judged by the striking development of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, the depletion of secretory granules and the increased turnover of secretory cells. The secretory responses of parotid gland to isoproterenol revealed that continuous light induced a 30% increase in amylase release. This secretory hyperactivity appears to be related to a postsynaptic supersensitivity of sympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319593
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the DNA amount in mono- and binucleate cells in the celiac superior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea pig (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 587-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Sympathetic ganglion ; Binucleate cells ; Ultrastructure ; Feulgen staining ; Computerized image analysis ; DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative proportion, ultrastructure and DNA-content of the binucleate cells in the celiac superior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea pig was studied using light and electron microscopy as well as computerized image analysis of Feulgen stained cells. The number of mono — versus binucleate cells was found to vary with stage of development with about 40% of the cells being binucleate in adult animals and 50% in late prenatal stage. No difference in ultrastructure was observed between the nuclei of the two cell types. The binucleate cells contain twice the amount of DNA found in the mononucleate cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315700
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal membranes and placenta of the african green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 591-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Fetus ; Membranes ; Placenta ; Green monkey ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examined developmental changes in fetal membranes and placenta of Cercopithecus aethiops from a Carnegie developmental stage 12 embryo to nearterm fetuses. Ultrastructurally, yolk sac cells (endoderm and mesothelium) were similar to comparable stages in other primates. Endodermal cells had few apical microvilli, abundant rough-endoplasmic reticulum, electron dense mitochondria and dense bodies. In contrast, mesothelial cells were squamous with numerous microvilli, small mitochondria and a few short strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Amnion cells early in gestation were squamous with few microvilli, large glycogen deposits and poorly developed cytoplasmic components. Tight junctions and desmosomes held adjacent cells together. The basal surface was smooth and the basal lamina was distinct. As development proceeded the amniotic cells became cuboidal and possessed numerous microvilli. Cytoplasmic organelles were better developed and glycogen deposits increased by mid-gestation. A thick layer of microfibrils and collagen fibers was prominent below the basal lamina. Near-term, the glycogen had virtually disappeared and the amount of lipid droplets increased. Basal infoldings and podocytic processes and the extracellular matrix had increased. The smooth chorion consisted of pseudostratified columnar cells. Cells had short microvilli, numerous granules and vesicles of variable size and electron density in early gestation. With increasing age, amounts of granules and vesicles decreased, as the endoplasmic reticulum became prominent. The chorionic trophoblast was a continuous layer in mid-pregnancy and its cells had well-developed organelles and inclusions. Late in gestation, the trophoblastic layer became discontinuous and wide intercellular spaces and channels were present. In the placenta, the trophoblastic elements showed features characteristic of primate placenta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315701
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of the endocrine cells of the gut of Testudo graeca (Chelonia) (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Gut ; Endocrine cells ; Testudo graeca ; Chelonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The digestive tract of Testudo graeca (Chelonia) was investigated by means of electron microscopy using both conventional and immunocytochemical techniques. EC-, L-, D-, G-, B-, N- and EC-L-cells were detected. These cells share several common ultrastructural characteristics with the endocrine cells of mammals (i.e. clear cytoplasm, prominent Golgi apparatus, secretory granules etc.). EC and D1 cells have so far not been described in the esophagus of any animal species; in the present study these cells have been observed in the esophagus of T. graeca. Of special interest was the presence of B-cells in the intestine, suggesting that the migration of B-cells from the gut to the pancreas to constitute pancreatic islets is not concluded in T. graeca. The present study demonstrates that the gut endocrine system of T. graeca is a complex structure containing a large variety of endocrine cell types similar in morphology to those found in higher vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321906
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the monkey, Macaca fascicularis, with special reference to the presence of synaptic junctions on pinealocytes (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Monkey ; Ultrastructure ; Pinealocytes ; Axon terminals ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study described the normal ultrastructure of the monkey pineal gland. The gland was composed of the principal pinealocytes, intramural neurons and glial cells. The nucleus of the pinealocytes was deeply infolded with evenly distributed chromatin materials. The abundant cytoplasm was rich in organelles including the well-developed Golgi apparatuses, multivesicular bodies, dense-cored vesicles and widely scattered free and polyribosomes. A variety of axon terminals was observed and the majority of them contained pleomorphic agranular vesicles with a few large dense-cored vesicles. A few terminals showed flattened vesicles or small dense cored vesicles. Some of the axon terminals formed synaptic contacts with the cell bodies of pinealocytes. These synapses were mainly concentrated in the posterior third of the gland. The occasional intramural neurons observed were postsynaptic to axon terminals containing round agranular vesicles. The sources of the nerve fibres and terminals forming synaptic junctions with pinealocytes and intramural neurons were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309766
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yolk organelles and their membranes during vitellogenesis ofXenopus oocytes (1989)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 198 (1989), S. 92-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Vitellogenesis ; Xenopus oocyte ; Yolk-platelet membrane ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The yolk platelets ofXenopus laevis have been studied by thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy to characterize the boundary membrane during yolk formation. Throughout vitellogenesis, large yolk platelets are in close contact with smaller nascent yolk organelles. Two types of primordial yolk platelets (I and II) have been discriminated. After membrane fusion these precursors can be completely incorporated into the main body of existing platelets, numerous yolk crystals then merge and form one uniformly stratified core. Lipid droplets are tightly attached to the membrane at all developmental stages of yolk platelets. A direct connection of endoplasmic reticulum to the membranes of yolk platelets was not observed. On freezeetching replicas, yolk-platelet membranes present fracture faces with intramembranous particles (IMP) of various sizes and a heterogeneous distribution of approximately 200–600 IMP/μm2 at the E face, and 1200–2100 IMP/μm2 at the P face. Again, this presentation of the membrane exhibits neither anastomoses to the endoplasmic reticulum, nor caveolae that exclude the uptake of yolk-containing vesicles into these yolk organelles. Proteinaceous yolk platelets tend to fracture along their periphery through the superficial layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02447744
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogold localization of coenzyme F420-reducing formate dehydrogenase and coenzyme F420-reducing hydrogenase in Methanobacterium formicicum (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanobacterium formicicum ; Formate dehydrogenase ; F420-hydrogenase ; Immunogold ; Ultrastructure ; Methanogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructural locations of the coenzyme F420-reducing formate dehydrogenase and coenzyme F420-reducing hydrogenase of Methanobacterium formicicum were determined using immunogold labeling of thin-sectioned, Lowicryl-embedded cells. Both enzymes were located predominantly at the cell membrane. Whole cells displayed minimal F420-dependent formate dehydrogenase activity or F420-dependent hydrogenase activity, and little activity was released upon osmotic shock treatment, suggesting that these enzymes are not soluble periplasmic proteins. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the formate dehydrogenase subunits revealed no hydrophobic regions that could qualify as putative membrane-spanning domains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406556
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the human cerebral cortex (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 12-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Distribution ; Ultrastructure ; Biopsy ; Catecholamines ; Interneurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In freshly fixed biopsies of human cerebral cortex obtained at surgery, immunocytochemical staining with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (the rate limiting biosynthetic enzyme for catecholamines) revealed, in addition to a dense axonal plexus, a population of immunoreactive cell bodies. The neuronal nature of these cells was ascertained by: i) the presence of a rich rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell body and of synapses on the cell body and dendrites, and ii) the demonstration of the lack of reactivity with the astroglial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells. The tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons were found in all areas of cortex sampled, and were located almost exclusively in the infragranular layers. Most tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells were bipolar and were vertically oriented, but a few had a multipolar or horizontal dendritic arbor. The dendrites of these cells were varicose and aspiny, and the axons were very thin. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons were reported to be present transiently in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex and only recently in cerebral cortex of mature mammalian brains. Internuncial neurons in the human cerebral cortex containing a catecholamine synthesizing enzyme would be significant, in particular considering that catecholamines are likely to be involved in some major mental disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253618
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive terminals in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ; Central nucleus of the amygdala ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic analysis of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive (LI) terminals in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) was carried out using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. CGRP-LI fibers were densely distributed in the dorsal subdivision of the lateral BST (BSTL) and the lateral and lateral capsular subdivisions of the Ce, where the CGRP-LI terminals formed symmetrical and asymmetrical axo-dendritic, and symmetrical axosomatic synapses. One of the most characteristic features of the CGRP-LI terminals was the presence of large, long boutons, each of which surrounded a cell soma and made many synaptic contacts. These findings suggest that CGRP exerts a significant influence on neurons in the BSTL and Ce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250584
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of chemolithoautotrophic Gallionella ferruginea and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans as revealed by chemical fixation and freeze-etching (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Gallionella ferruginea ; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ; Iron bacteria ; Chemolithoautotrophy ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-etching ; Cell wall organization ; Intracytoplasmic membranes ; Carboxysomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By using sodium thioglycolate to dissolve the high amount of excreted stalk material in axenic cultures of the chemolithoautotrophic iron bacterium Gallionella ferruginea, the ultrastructure of Gallionella cells from pure cell suspensions could be studied without any loss of viability or disturbance by dense ferric stalk fibers, and compared with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, also grown chemolithoautotrophically with ferrous iron as energy source. Both organisms were chemically fixed or freeze-etched. Particular structural differences between these iron-bacteria could be ascertained. G. ferruginea possesses intracytoplasmic membranes and soluble d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase, whereas T. ferrooxidans contains carboxysomes but no intracytoplasmic membranes; Gallionella forms poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and glycogen as storage material; T. ferrooxidans produces only glycogen. Both organisms also differ from each other with respect to the freeze fracture behaviour of the cell envelope layers. Whereas the cells of T. ferrooxidans exhibit a characteristic double cleavage, exposing the plasmic fracture face and exoplasmic fracture face of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane, the exceptionally thin multilayered cell envelope of G. ferruginea revealed a particularly intimate association between the layers, resulting in a visualisation of the supramolecular organisation of only the inner fracture face of the cytoplasmic membrane. The results are discussed predominantly in relation to the extremely distinct environments of both organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413137
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic examination and fatty acid characterization of filamentous bacteria colonizing substrata around subtidal hydrothermal vents (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 64-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiothrix sp. ; Beggiatoa sp. ; Sulfideoxidizing ; Polyunsaturated ; Fatty acids ; Inclusions ; Sheath ; Southern California ; Ultrastructure ; Sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microscopic examination of the whitish mat that covered the substrata around subtidal hydrothermal vents at White Point in southern California revealed a “Thiothrix-like” bacterium containing sulfur inclusions as the dominant filamentous form in this microbial community. The matlike appearance developed as a result of the closely-packed manner inwhich the basal ends of the filaments were anchored to the substrate. The dominant phospholipid fatty acids of these filaments (16:0, 16:1w7c, 18:0, 18:1w7c) were similar to those recovered from a sample of Beggiatoa isolated from a spring in Florida. Filaments from both sources contained small quantities of C18 and C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well. A larger but less abundant sheathless, filamentous form, which also contained sulfur inclusions and displayed a cell wall structure similar to a previously described Thioploca strain, also colonized the substrata around the subtidal mat. The preservation methods used in the preparation of thin-sections of the subtidal mat material were found to be inadequate for defining some key cellular structures of the large filaments. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that the filamentous bacteria comprising the microbial mat in the vicinity of the subtidal vents exhibit some of the features of the free-living filamentous microorganisms found in deep-water hydrothermal areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447013
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-localization of islet amyloid polypeptide and insulin in the B cell secretory granules of the human pancreatic islets (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 240-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Pancreatic islets ; B cells ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet amyloid polypeptide is a novel 37 amino-acid-residues polypeptide which has been isolated from amyloid deposits in an insulinoma, and in human and cat islets of Langerhans. The molecule has 46% homology with the calcitonin gene-related peptide. Light microscopy examination of the pancreas shows that islet amyloid polypeptide immunoreactivity is restricted to the islet B cells. The present study utilized a rabbit antiserum against a synthetic peptide corresponding to positions 20–29 of islet amyloid polypeptide, a sequence without any amino-acid identity with calcitonin gene-related peptide. By applying the immunogold technique at the ultrastructural level, it was shown that both insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide immunoreactivity occurs in the central granular core of the human B cell secretory granules, while the A cells remain unlabelled. The demonstration that islet amyloid polypeptide is a granular protein of the B cells may indicate that it is released together with insulin. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the functional role of islet amyloid polypeptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285291
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell mediated calcification in collagen gel cultures of fetal rat calvaria cells. Loss of gap junctions precedes calcification (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 7 (1989), S. 6-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5604
    Keywords: Intercellular communication ; Gap junction ; Calcification ; Collagen gel ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To analyze the mechanism of initiation of cell-mediated calcification in hard tussue and its relationship to the frequency of gap junctions, enzymatically isolated cells from fetal rat calvaria cultured in collagen gels were observed ultrastructurally over a time course. Calcification was observed at 2–3 weeks after the initiation of culture when the seeding cellularity and the concentration of β-glycerophosphate were sufficiently high. In the collagen gels, round cells (R), spindle or stellate cells (S), and fat cells (F) were characterised morphologically. The ultrastructural features of initial calcification could be classified into 4 subtypes: 1) a large mass greater than 10 µm in diameter (Type I), 2) deposition associated with dead R cells or matrix vesicles (Type II), 3) intracellular deposition (Type III), and 4) other than Types I–III (Type IV). Type II was the most frequent (44.5%) and Type III was the least (6.8%). Gap junction was observed frequently between 1) R cells, 2) S cells, 3) between R cells and S cells. The frequency of gap junctions in collagen gels decreased statistically (X2-test; p〈0.001), when calcification was initiated. This cell culture system can be regarded as a useful model to analyze the initiation of cell mediated calcification in hard tissue. Gap junctions might function in cell communication and a decrease in their numbers could lead to cell death and, subsequently to calcification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02399048
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of kinetosome-associated organelles in the attachment of encysting secondary zoospores ofSaprolegnia ferax to substrates (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 149 (1989), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Adhesion ; Carbohydrates ; Exocytosis ; K-bodies ; Lectins ; Saprolegnia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron and fluorescence microscopy were used to identify organelles involved in attachment of secondary zoospores ofSaprolegnia ferax as they were transformed into secondary cysts. When secondary zoospores were exposed to 1.0% peptone in the absence or presence of a substrate, they began to encyst. If substrates were present when encystment was induced, the groove surface of the secondary zoospores adhered to them. The first event in attachment was secretion of contents of the kinetosome-associated organelle (K-body), which was typically oriented with the tubule-filled cavity positioned toward the cell surface of the groove region in the zoospore. The tubules which contained carbohydrates became coarsely granular, the matrix became more fibrous, and the shell remained along the membrane concavity that was formed as the K-body fused with the plasma membrane. Five minutes later, a cyst coat appeared, and cysts were not readily dislodged from a substrate. The concavity was no longer found, presumably because it had evaginated; but a layered pad of adhesion material was between the cyst coat and substrate. The layers of the adhesion pad corresponded to the structure of the matrix of K-bodies. As with the tubules of the K-body, the coarsely granular portion at the edge of the pad stained for carbohydrates. Similarly, the lectins WGA and GS-II labeled with fluorescein stained the rim of the adhesion pad on cysts, indicating the presence of glycoconjugates containing N-acetylglucosamines. Because globular areas near the kinetosomes and groove of zoospores (where K-bodies were located) also bound WGA and GS-II, K-bodies contained the same carbohydrates as the adhesion pad. We conclude that K-bodies function in the attachment of encysting zoospores to substrates as the cell differentiates. The tubular portion of the K-body matrix contains carbohydrates which might assist in the adhesion process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322988
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    The cytoskeletal involvement in cellularization of theDrosophila melanogaster embryo (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 150 (1989), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster embryo ; Cellularization ; Cleavage furrow ; Ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton ; Mitosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution and arrangement of cytoskeletal components in the early embryo ofDrosophila melanogaster were examined by thin-section electron microscopy to elucidate their involvement in the formation of the cellular blastoderm, a process called cellularization. During the final nuclear division in the cortex of the syncytial blastoderm bundles of astral microtubules were closely associated with the surface plasma membrane along the midline where a new gutter was initiated. Thus the new gutter together with the pre-formed ones compartmentalized the embryo surface to reflect underlying individual daughter nuclei. Subsequently such gutters became deeper by further invagination of the plasma membrane between adjacent nuclei to form so-called cleavage furrows. Nuclei simultaneously elongated in the direction perpendicular to the embryo surface and numerous microtubules from the centrosomes ran longitudinally between the nucleus and the cleavage furrow. Microtubules often appeared to be in close association with the nuclear envelope and the cleavage furrow membrane. The plasma membrane at the advancing tip of the furrow was always undercoated with an electron-dense layer, which could be shown to be mainly composed of 5–6 nm microfilaments. These microfilaments were decorated with H-meromyosin to be identified as actin filaments. As cleavage proceeded, each nucleus with its perikaryon became demarcated by the furrow membrane, which then extended laterally to constrict the cytoplasmic connection between each newly forming cell and the central yolk region. The cytoplasmic strand thus formed possessed a prominent circular bundle of microfilaments which were also decorated with H-meromyosin and bidirectionally arranged, similar in structure to the contractile ring in cytokinesis. These observations strongly suggest that both microtubules and actin filaments play a crucial role in cellularization ofDrosophila embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403663
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of spermatogenesis inAnthocerotophyta V. Nuclear metamorphosis and the posterior mitochondrion ofNotothylas orbicularis andPhaeoceros laevis (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 151 (1989), S. 137-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bryophyte ; Notothylas ; Nuclear metamorphosis ; Phaeoceros ; Posterior mitochondrion ; Spermatogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural observations reveal that the spermatozoids of the hornwortsNotothylas andPhaeoceros contain two mitochondria and not one as described previously. Mitochondrial ontogeny and nuclear metamorphosis during spermiogenesis in these plants differ from all other archegoniates. The discovery that the posterior region of the coiled nucleus (when viewed from the anterior aspect) lies to the left of the anterior, in striking contrast to the dextral coiling of the nucleus of spermatozoids of other embryophytes, underlines the isolated nature of the hornworts among land plants. As the blepharoplast develops, the numerous ovoid mitochondria initially present in the nascent spermatid fuse to form a single elongated organelle which is positioned subjacent to the MLS and extends down between the nucleus and plastid. At the onset of nuclear metamorphosis, the solitary mitochondrion has separated into a larger anterior mitochondrion (AM) associated with the MLS and a much smaller posterior mitochondrion (PM) adjacent to the plastid. The PM retains its association with the plastid and both organelles migrate around the periphery of the cell as the spline MTs elongate. By contrast, in moss spermatids, where mitochondria undergo similar fusion and division, the AM is approximately the same size as the PM and the latter is never associated with the spline. As in other archegoniates, except mosses, spline elongation precedes nuclear metamorphosis in hornworts. Irregular strands of condensed chromatin compact basipetally to produce an elongated cylindrical nucleus which is narrower in its mid-region. During this process excess nucleoplasm moves rearward. It eventually overarches the inner surface of the plastid and entirely covers the PM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403451
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    An unusual feature of developing protophloem sieve elements in roots ofTriticum aestivum L. (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 14-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Differentiation ; Heterochronic lysis ; Polarity ; Root protophloem sieve elements ; Triticum aestivum ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Developing protophloem sieve elements in roots of wheat are arranged in single vertical files. In the last immature differentiating sieve element bearing ribosomes the proximal end of the cytoplasm displays a diluted appearance in contrast to the distal end where the cytoplasm exhibits a considerably increased electron density. Differences can also be observed in ribosome quantity, organelle ultrastructure and the time of initiation of cell component degradation, those at the proximal end disorganizing first, suggesting a nonsimultaneous disorganization of the cell components in the two areas. This phenomenon, termedheterochronic lysis, is presumably an expression of an existing polarity not detectable in younger stages, but it might also be the result of an asynchronous enzymatic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01354235
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in maturing pollen grains ofApium nodiflorum L. (Apiaceae), with special reference to the endoplasmic reticulum (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Apiaceae ; Apium nodiflorum ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Pollen grain ; Polysaccharide particles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural events in 3-cellular pollen grains ofApium nodiflorum L. are investigated during pollen maturation. Three distinct developmental stages are distinguished from the formation of sperm cells up to anthesis, whereby the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is mainly involved. The most conspicious form is the highly dilated RER in the vegetative cytoplasm of the youngest pollen grains, which changes to vesicular RER in the following stage. In mature pollen grains the RER has a narrow cisternal configuration and often forms stacks. Pollen activation is preceded by the accumulation of polysaccharide particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323064
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of disuse on the ultrastructure of the achilles tendon in rats (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 59 (1989), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Collagen fibre ; Achilles tendon ; Disuse ; Atrophy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the influence exerted, through disuse of the hindlimb, on the collagen fibres of the achilles tendon in rats. With disuse the body mass decreased by 28%, and the mass of soleus muscle decreased by 20%. A decrease in the surface area and diameter was observed in the experimental group when compared to the control group. A histogram of the collagen fibres showed a decrease of the thick fibres in the experimental group. The maximum surface area of collagen fibres in the experimental group was seen to be only 43% of that of the control group. These results showed a decrease in the thickness of the collagen fibres of the achilles tendon through disuse. This seemed to suggest that resistance to tension is decreased by disuse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386194
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Terminal processes of serotonin neurons in the caudal spinal cord of the molly, Poecilia latipinna, project to the leptomeninges and urophysis (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 619-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin-containing cells ; Urophysis ; Spinal Cord ; Ultrastructure ; Leptomeninges ; Poecilia latipinna (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The caudal neurosecretory complex of poeciliids has previously been shown to be innervated by extranuclear and intrinsic serotonergic projections. In the present study, immunohistochemical techniques were used to characterize fibers originating from serotonin neurons intrinsic to the caudal spinal cord. Bipolar and multipolar neurons were oriented ventromedially, and contained numerous large granular vesicles. Three types of serotonergic fibers were distinguished based on their distribution and morphology. Intrinsic Type-A fibers branched into varicose segments near the ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord and contacted the basal lamina beneath the leptomeninges. Type-B fibers coursed longitudinally to enter the urophysis, where they diverged and terminated around fenestrated capillaries. Labelled vesicles in Type-A and Type-B terminals were the same size as those in labelled cells and in unlabelled neurosecretory terminals in the urophysis. Type-C small varicose fibers branched within the neuropil of the caudal neurosecretory complex. Serotonin may be secreted into the submeningeal cerebrospinal fluid, the urophysis, and the caudal vein by Type-A and Type-B fibers, whereas, Type-C fibers may be processes of serotonergic interneurons in the neuroendocrine nucleus. The possibility that urotensins I and II or arginine vasotocin were colocalized in the processes of the intrinsic serotonin neurons was investigated immunohistochemically. The negative results of these experiments suggest that serotonin-containing neurons may represent a neurochemically distinct subpopulation in the caudal neurosecretory complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218799
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    The effect of bromocriptine on the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary: an electron-microscopic, morphometric study (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland, pars intermedia ; Bromocriptine ; Secretory granules ; Golgi apparatus ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological effect of chronic synthetic and secretory inhibition of the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary induced by bromocriptine treatment was studied using morphometric techniques in combination with electron microscopy. On the basis of granule diameters, a heterogeneous cell population was shown in the normal intermediate lobe. Bromocriptine treatment did not induce any change in the volume fraction, number or location of electron-dense secretory granules. Instead, there was a shift toward a more homogeneous cell population containing smaller granules, the mean granule volume being reduced by ∼30%. The volume fraction of electron-lucent granules or vacuoles was markedly reduced, indicating a functional significance of these organelles. The volume of the Golgi apparatus was not significantly altered, but the number of condensing granules within the Golgi area was reduced. The volume of the intermediate lobe was decreased, apparently due to a decrease in the mean cell volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224124
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural features of the epididymis in a dasyurid marsupial (Antechinus stuartii) (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epididymis ; Histology ; Ultrastructure ; Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ductus epididymidis of the marsupial mouse Antechinus stuartii was divided into caput, corpus, and caudal regions using several constant morphological landmarks. Tubule diameter and epithelial height increased gradually from caput to cauda. In contrast, the surface area of the lumen of the ductus epididymidis increased to a maximum in the distal caput region, but decreased markedly in the distal cauda in association with characteristic changes in lumen shape (from circular to slit-shaped) and epithelial height. Epithelial cells of the ductus epididymidis were generally similar in structure to those described in other mammalian species. Principal and basal cells were common throughout the epithelium. Clear and mitochondria-rich cells were also identified, but occurred less frequently. Regional variations in cell ultrastructure were observed only in principal cells. Numerous vesicular inclusions occurred in the apical cytoplasm of cells in caput segments, membrane-bounded, electron-dense bodies were common in distal corpus regions, and a brush border of microvilli characterized the luminal surface of principal cells in caudal segments. Sperm index increased in the proximal caput, declined to basal levels in the distal caput and proximal corpus, and then increased to a maximum in segment 9 of the distal corpus and remained at about this level throughout the cauda epididymidis. Nuclear rotation, loss of cytoplasmic droplets, and other sperm maturational changes were observed along the epididymis. Discarded cytoplasmic droplets collected in large masses interspersed between aggregates of spermatozoa throughout the distal regions of the duct. There was no evidence of phagocytosis by principal cells of cytoplasmic droplets. The epididymis of A. stuartii differs from that of other mammals. The unusual caudal region, which has little storage capacity for sperm, is an unusual adaptation in a species in which the male is known to be polygamous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223158
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes induced by precocene II and 3,4-dihydroprecocene II in the corpora allata of Blattella germanica (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpora allata ; Ultrastructure ; Precocenes ; Juvenile hormone ; Blattella germanica (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies on corpora allata (CA) from different stages during the first gonadotropic cycle of the cockroach Blattella germanica have shown well defined changes which have a correspondence with oocyte length, CA volume and juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis. The most significant variations concern the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Topically applied precocene II (P II) at a dose of 200 ⧎g induced a transient arrest of CA function, although cytotoxic effects were occasionally observed. When CA were maintained in vitro with 10-3 M of P II, a relationship between the time of treatment (3, 6 or 9 h) and the intensity of the effects was apparent. The 9-h treatment led to an irreversible inhibition of JH production which parallels the severe damages observed in the CA (membrane lysis, nuclear pyknosis, vacuolization). Equivalent studies performed with the chroman derivative 3,4-dihydroprecocene II (DHP II) showed that it is less active than P II. Only treatments as severe as 12 h of incubation with a 10-3 M concentration elicited cytotoxic effects which could be due to radical species involved in the in situ oxidative bioactivation of DHP II. Thus, this compound could be regarded as a new type of pro-allatocidin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223148
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    System-specific distribution of zinc in the chick brain (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Zinc ; Timm method ; Ultrastructure ; Synapses ; Avian brain ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brain of young domestic chicks was investigated using a Timm sulfide silver method. Serial Vibratome sections were analyzed under the light microscope, and the localization of zinc-positive structures in selected areas was determined at the ultrastructural level. Both strong and differential staining was visible in the avian telencephalon whereas most subtelencephalic structures showed a pale reaction. The highest staining intensity was found in the nonprimary sensory regions of the telencephalon such as the hyperstriatum dorsale, hyperstriatum ventrale, hippocampus, palaeostriatum augmentatum, lobus parolfactorius and caudal parts of neostriatum. There was an overall gradient of staining intensity in neostriatal areas from rostral to caudal with the heaviest zinc deposits in the caudal neostriatum. Primary sensory projection areas, such as the ectostriatum (visual), hyperstriatum intercalatum superius (visual), nucleus basalis (beak representation), the input layer L2 of the auditory field L and the somatosensory area rostral to field L were selectively left unstained. Fiber tracts throughout the brain were free of zinc deposits except for glial cells. In electron micrographs of stained regions, silver grains were localized in some presynaptic boutons of asymmetric synapses (Gray type I), within the cytoplasm of neuronal somata and sporadically in the nucleus. The possible involvement of zinc in synaptic transmission and other processes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239445
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Cell multiplication and ultrastructure ofMicrasterias denticulata (Desmidiaceae) grown under salt stress (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 164 (1989), S. 197-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Algae ; Chlorophyta ; Desmidiaceae ; Micrasterias ; Ultrastructure ; electron microscopy ; cell multiplication ; salt stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells ofMicrasterias denticulata Bréb. were kept in nutrient solution of high osmolality (salt stress) for four weeks. In a special cell multiplication test it was established that cell division is gradually inhibited at increasing salt concentrations and totally arrested at the highest concentration (26 mosm/kg). “Recovery studies” proved that even cells from the highest concentration range start dividing immediately after being placed in aqua bidest. thus indicating the full reversibility of the inhibiting effect. — Cells of the highest concentration range show marked ultrastructural changes. Besides an enormous accumulation of starch and oil bodies and a condensed appearance of the ground plasma, a reduction of mitochondria, ER and the Golgi-system is found. The most striking effect occurs on the vacuolar system which appears extremely reduced and condensed. The cell wall is thickened by the formation of an additional cell wall layer with a “spongy” electron microscopical appearance. Through the cell wall many droplets of a probably fat-like substance are excreted. — In summary, salt stress induces growth-inhibited “akinete” cells in the sense ofFritsch; these can be reactivated by decreasing the salt concentration. The salt-induced “akinete state” seems to be an ecological adaption to unfavourable conditions rather than a degeneration of the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940437
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure ofCyanoptyche gloeocystis f.dispersa (Glaucocystophyceae) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 164 (1989), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Algae ; Glaucocystophyceae ; Cyanoptyche gloeocystis f.dispersa ; Ultrastructure ; endocytobiosis ; cyanelles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanoptyche gloeocystis f.dispersa (Geitler)Starmach is a palmelloid colonial alga that contains prokaryotic blue-green endocytobionts (cyanelles) instead of chloroplasts. The periphery of the host cell shows a peculiar lacunae system with underlying microtubules. Vegetative cells possess two rudimentary flagella. Zoospores are dorsiventrally shaped with two heterokont and heterodynamic flagella which originate from a subapical depression. This depression can also be seen in vegetative cells. Both flagella possess non-tubular mastigonemes. Main reserve product is starch lying freely in the cytoplasm. Cyanelles, enclosed singly in a host vesicle, are provided with a remnant cell wall. Thylakoids are arranged concentrically. The central part of each cyanelle harbours its DNA and one large polyhedral body, probably a carboxysome.Cyanoptyche gloeocystis f.dispersa shares all taxonomically essential characters with the monadoidCyanophora, the palmelloidGloeochaete, and the coccoidGlaucocystis. All of them are members of the cyanelle-bearing small algal classGlaucocystophyceae. Members of this class serve as model organisms for the evolution of chloroplasts from cyanophycean ancestors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940430
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    The effect of fuel oil on the ultrastructure of the chlorococcal algaScenedesmus armatus (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 151 (1989), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Scenedesmus ; Fuel oil ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Characteristic changes in the ultrastructure of the green algaScenedesmus armatus, grown in batch culture in the presence of aqueous fuel-oil extract (AFOE) have been observed. The changes affected mainly chloroplasts and mitochondria. The regular arrangement of the thylakoid stacks became distorted and the whole chloroplast lobed. Plastoglobules were more numerous in the treated cells than in the controls, especially after long-term exposure to AFOE. The mitochondrial matrix cells exposed to AFOE were more electron-translucent. An increase in the number of small mitochondrial profiles was observed after prolonged treatment with AFOE. The number and size of osmophilic bodies increased markedly in the cytoplasm of the treated cells. The cytochemical reaction of these bodies with Sudan black B indicated their lipid composition. Plasmalemma invagination into the cytoplasm and vacuoles, cytoplasmic “layers”, and an increase in size of the vacuolar compartment were observed in cells exposed to AFOE for a long time. The possibility that detoxification, involving microbody activity, may have occurred inScenedesmus is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403300
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the nitrogen-fixing, filamentous, nonheterocystous cyanobacterium,Plectonema boryanum (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 130-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Plectonema boryanum ; Cyanobacteria ; Ultrastructure ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen starvation ; Immunogold localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of fructose-supplemented and unsupplemented nitrogen-fixing (fix +) and nonfixing (fix −)Plectonema boryanum UTEX 581 cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The most prominent structural differences included the arrangement and morphology of the thylakoids and alterations in the appearance of the interthylakoidal spaces. These ultrastructural differences, together with other observations such as glycogen content and presence of nitrogenase (using acetylene reduction assay and immunogold localization), readily distinguished nonfixingP. boryanum from nitrogen-fixing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323072
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural responses of tobacco pollen tubes to heat shock (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 153 (1989), S. 104-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Nicotiana sylvestris ; Pollen tube growth ; Heat shock ; Ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Mitochondria ; Golgi apparatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of elevated temperatures on semivivo growth and ultrastructure of tobacco pollen tubes was investigated. Tube growth was decreased by about 50% at 35 °C, independent of the duration of treatment, and at 40 °C and above there was no growth of tubes. Heat treatment caused ultrastructural changes like accumulation of membranous materials, concentric stacking of rough endoplasmic reticulum, reduction in vesicle production by dictyosomes, increase in the fenestrated regions of the Golgi cisternae, swelling of mitochondrial saccules and increase in the electron density of the mitochondrial matrix. Furthermore, the dictyosomes of the treated tubes showed significant increase in the number of cisternae from 30 to 45 °C. The temperature induced changes were persistant at least for 24 h in 35 °C grown pollen tubes. The possible reasons for the tube growth inhibition are discussed on the basis of the ultrastructural alterations caused by elevated temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322470
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  • 51
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    Effects of long-term hypergastrinaemia on the ultrastructure of enterochromaffin-like cells in the stomach of the rat, hamster and guinea pig (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin-like cells ; Ultrastructure ; Hypertrophy ; Hypergastrinaemia ; Gastrin infusion ; Omeprazole ; Rat (Sprague Dawley) ; Syrian hamster ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present report describes the ultrastructure of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the stomach of the rat, hamster and guinea pig, and the ultrastructural consequences of long-term hypergastrinaemia evoked either by continuous infusion of synthetic human (Leu15)-gastrin-17 for 4 weeks (rats) or by daily treatment with large doses of the antisecretory agent omeprazole for 2–10 weeks (rats, hamsters and guinea pigs). As a result, the ECL cells increased greatly in size (maximal effect after 2 weeks of omeprazole treatment, no further gain in size after 4 or 10 weeks). Also the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi area were enlarged. The most conspicuous feature of the ECL cells is the cytoplasmic vesicles, which are of varying size and either devoid of a dense core or with a small, often eccentrically located dense core. The vesicles probably represent the main storage site of the secretory products of the ECL cell. In addition, the cytoplasm contains granules, which differ from the vesicles in that they possess a more or less electron-dense core, surrounded by a narrow halo. The size of the vesicles ranged from small to very large, while the granules were uniformly small. Many vesicles were seen to lie very close together, some displaying an irregular outline (vacuole-like vesicles), at times giving the impression that they were undergoing fusion. The profile size (median value) of the vesicles was unaffected by gastrin infusion for 4 weeks. However, there was a tendency to a relative increase in the number of very small vesicles. In contrast, the vesicles became larger during the omeprazole treatment. Also, the number of vesicles that seemed to be engaged in fusion increased after omeprazole treatment but not after gastrin infusion. The observations support the view that ECL cells are influenced by gastrin. The effects of gastrin infusion and of omeprazole treatment on ECL cell ultrastructure were not completely identical. It cannot be excluded that the omeprazole-evoked achlorhydria evokes effects unrelated to those of hypergastrinaemia on the ECL cells, or that endogenous gastrins may evoke effects that are in some ways distinct from those of synthetic human (Leu15)-gastrin-17. Alternatively, the additional effects seen after long-term omeprazole treatment may reflect simply the duration of the hypergastrinaemic stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218882
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in the junctional complex of cells in the arachnoid layer of the rat after cold injury (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arachnoid cells ; Tight and gap junctions ; Cold injury ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracture technique ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The junctional complexes of cells in the outer arachnoid layer overlying the cerebral cortex of 2-week-old rats were examined with freeze-fracture electron microscopy up to 60 min after transcranial cold injury to the dorsal surface of the brain. Within 30 min after injury, areas of gap and tight junctions with morphological features characteristic of junction formation and/or junction disruption were found scattered among normal junctional complexes in some arachnoid cells. Within 60 min after injury, tight junctions with features typical of less leaky zonulae occludentes were present in all arachnoid cells examined. These morphological features include increases in the number of tight junctional strands and the number of strand-to-strand anatomoses. Gap junctions were interspersed among the tight junctional strands, and many were completely encircled by the strands. The increase in the number and complexity of the tight junctional strands in response to brain injury may be the morphological basis for the maintenance of the cerebrospinal fluid-blood dural barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218887
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  • 53
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    Neural activity pattern is not necessary for the development of adult ultrastructure in katydid (Neoconocephalus robustus) singing muscles (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect muscle ; Denervation ; Ultrastructure ; Development, ontogenetic ; Neoconocephalus robustus (Insecto)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The singing muscles of the katydid Neoconocephalus robustus develop adult ultrastructure late in the last nymphal instar and during the first few days of adult life. The ultrastructural changes during early adulthood were not affected by unilateral axotomy shortly after the adult molt. Both denervated and innervated muscles developed adult proportions of mitochondria, myofibril, and sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218802
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  • 54
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    Ultrastructural changes in granule cell somata and mossy fibers of the rat hippocampus during picrotoxin-induced convulsions (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Mossy fibers ; Picrotoxin ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in hippocampal granule cells, mossy fibers and mossy fiber boutons were examined following the administration of picrotoxin in adult rats. Generalized seizures occurred within 5–10 min after the intraperitoneal injection of picrotoxin. The electron-microscopic examination of hippocampal tissues from rats that had been perfused with fixative during the seizure revealed that the large dense-core vesicles increased in number and accumulated on the presynaptic membranes of mossy fiber boutons; some of these vesicles appeared to be fused with the membranes, and omega-shaped exocytotic profiles were frequently seen. Furthermore, greatly increased numbers of coated vesicles (60–90 nm in diameter) were observed on the maturing faces of Golgi fields of granule cells. Thus, our study not only indicates an increased incidence of exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles during picrotoxin-induced seizures, but also suggests that these vesicles are replaced in excess from the perikaryon of the granule cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224107
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    Electronic Resource
    The three-dimensional structure of the zona pellucida in growing and atretic ovarian follicles of the mouse (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Zona pellucida ; Ovarian follicles ; Atresia ; Ultrastructure ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study provides further details on the fine-structural three-dimensional architecture of the zona pellucida (ZP) in growing and atretic follicles of mice by use of ruthenium red in combination with the detergents Triton X100 and saponin. These detergents were used for extraction of the “soluble” fraction of the zonal proteins in an attempt to expose the “structural” zonal glycoproteins, which in turn can be viewed as minute three-dimensional networks upon transmission- and scanning electron-microscopic examination. By use of these methods, the ZP of growing follicles appeared to be formed by interconnected filaments which also bind to globular structures building up a three-dimensional lattice. In contrast, the ZP of stage I as well as other (II and III) stages of atretic follicles showed a structure characterized by the presence of closely packed granules connected with short filaments to form a close-mesh reticulum. This structural change of the ZP, which in the present study is also associated with the disappearance of “gap junctions” within the granulosa and cumulus cell population, might represent one of the early events involved in the onset of atresia. These changes, most probably depending on an altered secretory activity of both oocytes and follicle cells, might lead to a degradation of the ZP network structure and to its subsequent increased density (condensation). All these morphodynamic events eventually contribute to a sequestration of the oocyte in the early stage of atresia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261827
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase in the vestibular end organs of the guinea pig (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 56-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Carbonic anhydrase ; Vestibular organ ; Guinea pig ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrated cytochemically on an ultrastructural level in the vestibular end organs of the guinea pig. Reaction product was found in the dark cells, transitional cells, cells of the planum semilunatum and supporting cells. In the dark cells, reaction product was observed in the cytoplasm as well as in the basal infoldings. Reaction product was also observed in the basal infoldings of the transitional cells and the cells of the planum semilunatum. The globular structures inside the supporting cells, transitional cells and the cells of the planum semilunatum were also surrounded by the reaction product. These findings suggest that carbonic anhydrase may have different functions, such as water and ion transport, respiration, nutrition and calcium carbonate deposition in the vestibular end organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454136
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Encapsulated nerve corpuscles in the human tympanic membrane (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Tympanic membrane ; Ultrastructure ; Sensory receptors ; Nerve endings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Encapsulated nerve endings were found in both the subepidermal connective tissue and the lamina propria of a human tympanic membrane. The structure of the corpuscles was round or oval and contained a number of axon terminals with mitochondria and Schwann cell processes. Amorphous materials were present in the intercellular space. These features appear to be advantageous in transmitting mechanical forces on the capsule to the axon terminals and are comparable to the function of a mechanoreceptor. Resultant changes in the shape and stiffness of the tympanic membrane as the result of its dislocation indicate similar changes in the pressure on the corpuscle. The arrangement of the sensory corpuscles suggests that they may play a role in detecting pressure changes in the middle ear cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456661
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  • 58
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    Comparative ultrastructure of the zoospores of nine species ofNeochloris (Chlorophyta) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 168 (1989), S. 195-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Algae ; Chlorophyta ; Chlorophyceae ; Pleurastrophyceae ; Hydrodictyon ; Neochloris ; Pediastrum ; Sphaeroplea ; Ultrastructure ; flagellar apparatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nine species ofNeochloris can be divided into three groups on the basis of comparative ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus, the cell wall and the pyrenoid of zoospores. In Group I,N. wimmeri andN. minuta, zoospores are thin-walled, pyrenoids are penetrated by stromal channels, and the basal bodies are in the clockwise absolute orientation and connected by the distal and two proximal fibers. In Group II,N. aquatica, N. vigenis, N. terrestris, N. pyenoidosa, andN. pseudostigmatica, zoospores are naked or covered by fuzzy material, pyrenoids are covered by a continuous starch sheath or invaginated by cytoplasmic channels, basal bodies are directly opposed, the distal fiber is differentiated into a ribbed structure at the central region, a striated microtubule-associated component (SMAC) is continuous between opposite two-membered rootlets and connected to the ribbed structure, proximal ends of basal bodies are covered by partial caps, each two-membered rootlet and a basal body are connected by a striated fiber to the X-membered rootlet associated with the opposite basal body, and the basal bodies, when oriented at wide angles, are joined at their proximal ends by core extensions. In Group III,N. pseudoalveolaris andN. cohaerens, zoospores are naked, pyrenoids are traversed by parallel thylakoids, basal bodies are in the counterclockwise absolute orientation and overlapped, and each X-membered rootlet is connected to the end of the opposite basal body by a terminal cap. It is suggested that the genusChlorococcopsis gen. nov. be erected for the Group I species. Group II, which includes the type species,N. aquatica, should be preserved asNeochloris. The group appears to be closely related to the coenobial generaPediastrum, Hydrodictyon, andSorastrum, and to have affinities with the coenocytic generaSphaeroplea andAtractomorpha as well. It is also suggested that the genusParietochloris gen. nov. be erected in thePleurastrophyceae for the species of Group III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936099
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  • 59
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    The effect of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on steroid hormone production and ACTH-induced differentiation of rat adrenocortical cells in primary culture (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 487-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Differentiation ; Tissue culture ; Steroids ; Ultrastructure ; Lipoproteins ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol on the ACTH-induced differentiation of cultured fetal rat adrenocortical cells. For this purpose human plasma high-density lipoprotein3 (HDL3) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was added to culture media devoid of cholesterol, and thereafter the morphological changes in cells were monitored and the amounts of steroids synthesized were measured. It could be demonstrated that, ultrastructurally, upon ACTH-stimulation the adrenocortical cells differentiated into fasciculata-like cells even in the absence of lipoproteins in the culture medium. The addition of either HDL3 or LDL caused an increase in the number and size of cytoplasmic lipid droplets suggesting uptake and deposition of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol into the differentiating cells. The amount of steroids secreted from cells differentiating in media devoid of cholesterol was only half that observed in cells differentiating in serum-supplemented medium. Addition of either HDL3 or LDL increased the ACTH-stimulated steroid synthesis to the levels observed in serum-supplemented medium. This study demonstrates that both HDL3 and LDL are able to provide cholesterol for steroid synthesis accompanying the ACTH-induced differentiation of fetal rat adrenocortical cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225596
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of peroxidase and iodination activity in the endostyles of Oikopleura albicans and Oikopleura longicauda (Appendicularia, Chordata) (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 505-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endostyle ; Peroxidase cytochemistry ; Autora diography ; Ultrastructure ; Oikopleura albicans, Oikopleura longicauda (Appendicularia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oikopleura albicans and O. longicauda belong to the two subgenera Vexillaria and Coecaria, respectively. The morphology and ultrastructure of their endostyles were investigated with conventional microscopic procedures as well as with DAB cytochemistry and 125I autoradiography at both light- and electron-microscopic levels. As expected, the general morphology of these endostyles is similar to all hitherto examined endostyles. They possess a ventral portion consisting of alternating glandular and ciliated cell zones, probably serving food capture, and a dorsal region, the corridor. Autoradiographic grains were found mainly in the corridor lumen associated with the apical surface of the two central rows of corridor cells. The same cells also gave strong positive reactions for peroxidase, the iodinating enzyme. Peroxidase activity was found in the apical plasma membrane as well as in the nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi area and cytoplasmic vesicles. Definitive conclusions concerning an apical uptake and subsequent release into the body fluid of iodinated material could not be made from the present experiments. Our investigations indicate that the two central rows of corridor cells in both subgenera of oikopleurids constitute the protothyroid region, possibly homologous to the vertebrate thyroid gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218785
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  • 61
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    Morphogenesis of rat cranial meninges (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Morphogenesis ; Meninges ; Mesenchyme ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The meninges of albino Wistar rat embryos, aged between the 11th embryonic day (ED) and birth, were sectioned using a specially constructed device. This technique permits optimal microanatomical preservation of all tissues covering the convexity of the brain: skin, muscle, cartilage or bone, and the meninges. At ED11, the zone situated between the epidermis and the brain is occupied by a mesenchymal network. At ED12, part of this delicate network develops as a dense outer cellular layer, while the remainder retains its reticular appearance, thus forming an inner layer (the future meningeal tissue). At ED13, the dura mater starts to differentiate. At ED14, the bony anlage of the skull can be identified, and along with the proceeding maturation of dura mater some fibrillar structures resembling skeletal muscle fibers appear in the developing arachnoid space. At ED15–17, a primitive interface zone — dura mater/ arachnoid — is formed, comprised by an outer electronlucent and an inner electron-dense layer marking the outer aspect of the arachnoidal space. At ED18–19, the innermost cellular row of the inner durai layer transforms into neurothelium, which is separated from the darker arachnoidal cells by an electron-dense band. The arachnoidal trabecular zone with the leptomeningeal cells is formed at ED19. By the end of the prenatal period (ED20–21), its innermost part organizes into an inner arachnoidal layer and an outer and inner pial layer. The results from this study indicate (i) that dura mater and leptomeninges develop from an embryonic network of connective tissue-forming cells, and (ii) that the formation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-containing spaces accompanies the differentiation of the meningeal cellular layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221652
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  • 62
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    Smooth muscle fiber types and a novel pattern of thick filaments in the wing of the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mollusc ; Ultrastructure ; Musculature ; Hydroskeleton ; Retraction reflex ; Clione limacina (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wing (parapodial) retraction in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina is a reflex triggered by tactile stimulation. Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed three groups of smooth muscles in the wing hemocoel that participate in retraction movements: transverse, longitudinal, and dorsoventral. Among these, two subtypes of muscle cells were identified. The first (type A) appears in all three groups and forms a well-organized lattice-like structure. The second (type B) is the major component of transverse muscles and runs in one direction only. Quantitative ultrastructural comparisons of dimensions, abundance, and organization of dense bodies, thick and thin filaments, membrane invaginations, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria suggest that type A cells are able to contract and relax more quickly with less endurance whereas type B cells are capable of generating stronger contractions with more endurance and slower relaxation speed. Furthermore, type A cells have a unique pattern of thick filament organization, here referred to as pseudosarcomeres. The roles played by the different cell types in wing retraction are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261843
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  • 63
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    Mitotic cell division in the extraadrenal chromaffin system of various species (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 323-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Chromaffin cells ; Paraganglia ; Paraaortic organs ; Mitosis ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Mitotic activity often has been reported in embryonic and fetal sympathetic neuroblasts, principal sympathoblasts, and primitive sympathetic cells in various species at different stages of development. Postnatal adrenal medullary cells also are known to undergo mitosis, but such dividing capabilities rarely have been observed in the true postnatal extraadrenal chromaffin system. Although few in number, this work nevertheless has clearly identified such cells in varying stages of the mitotic cycle in the young dog, Syrian hamster, mouse, rabbit, and rat. The dividing cells were noted in paraaortic chromaffin organs, paraganglia, and within the inferior mesenteric ganglion as well. They displayed the morphological character usually associated with their adrenal medullary catecholaminergic counterparts, including numerous dense-cored vesicles known to be the harbingers of catecholamines and various peptides. Nerve endings were not noticed upon the mitotic cells. The phenomenon of dividing extraadrenal chromaffin cells augments existing data and perhaps suggests that these cells are more endocrine than neural in type and subservient to the adrenal medulla in its classic endocrine function.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120405
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  • 64
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    Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy of a single population of detergent-extracted cardiac myocytes in vitro (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Tissue culture ; Heart muscle cells ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A technique for performing light, scanning, and transverse transmission electron microscopy on cultured cells grown within a single tissue culture flask is described. Permanent light microscopy slides are obtained by removing selected portions of the plastic tissue culture vessel and mounting them on glass slides with an aqueous mounting solution. The images obtained from these slides are superior to viewing through the bottom of the flask with an inverted stage microscope. For scanning electron microscopy, selected areas are also cut from the remainder of the vessel and prepared for viewing. The final portion of the culture container is transferred and attached to a new tissue culture vessel and prepared for transmission electron microscopy using alcohol instead of acetone and propylene oxide during dehydration, infiltration, and embedding.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120104
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    Giant cell tumor of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1979), S. 159-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Giant cell tumor ; Ultrastructure ; Acid phosphatase ; Lysosomes ; Bone tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven benign giant cell tumors of bone were studied in the electron microscope, and the fine structural localization of acid phosphatase was elucidated. Three distinct cell types are always present in these tumors: stromal cells type 1; stromal cells type 2; and multinucleated giant cells. Small mononuclear cells may also occur, but are not likely to be actively participating in the neoplastic process. The range of variability in the fine structure of the different cell types constituting this tumor has been established. Variations in appearances include: a) presence of nuclear pseudoinclusions in stromal cells type 1 and multinucleated giant cells; b) aberrations in the structure of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the same cell types; c) occurrence of ruffled borders, ectoplasmic layers and cytoplasmic labyrinths containing acid phosphatase in the giant cells. Some giant cells show evidence of marked phagocytic activity and contain large and numerous residual bodies carrying acid phosphatase. The significance of the interrelations between the different cell types are discussed and the possible role of stromal cells type 2 in immunological mechanisms directed against the tumor cells are mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257881
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  • 66
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    Electronic Resource
    Rat liver alterations after chronic treatment with hexachlorobenzene (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hexachlorobenzene ; Liver ; Ultrastructure ; Porphyrins ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Groups of female rats were treated orally with 0.5, 2.0, 8.0, and 32 mg/kg hexachlorobenzene twice a week for 203 days. The liver content of hexachlorobenzene was found to be dose-dependent. In the animals treated with the highest dose the concentration was 273 μg/g hexachlorobenzene. In the fresh and fixed hepatic tissue of the treated animals pink fluorescence was observed. Electron microscopy revealed a dose dependent enlargement of all hepatocytes due to proliferation of the SER in the centrolobular area or to increased glycogen deposits (β- or α-particles) and SER in the intermediary and periportal area. Numerous porphyrin deposits and siderosomes, intimate disorganisation and moderate dislocation of the RER and a moderate enlargement of bizarre-shaped mitochondria were recognized. The relationship between porphyrin crystals and mitochondria on the one hand and between SER and glycogen deposits on the other is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102869
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  • 67
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    Ultrastructural evidence of myofibroblasts in pseudomalignant myositis ossificans (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1979), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pseudomalignant ossifying myositis ; Ultrastructure ; Myofibroblasts ; Macrophages ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven cases of pseudomalignant ossifying myositis with a typical clinical symptomatology have been reported. None of the cases had experienced an injury. All the lesions were intramuscular and all of them showed a zonal arrangement. Electron microscopy in three cases allowed the demonstration of cells showing morphological features of myofibroblasts and monocytic cells of the macrophage type. These previously unreported features together with the zonal pattern of the lesions indicate their reparative nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257884
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  • 68
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    Muscle spindles in rheumatoid arthritis (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis ; Muscle spindles ; Neuromuscular spindles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural features of muscle spindles were studied in biopsy material from 100 patients suffering from classical rheumatoid arthritis. Thickening of the outer capsule, increased amount of extracellular ground substance within the inner capsule, and marked thickening of the basement membrane of capillary blood vessels supplying the muscle spindles were observed. Chronic inflammatory cells and macrophages were present within the spindles. Changes affecting the intrafusal muscle fibres were also seen. They were manifest as atrophy and degeneration of the intrafusal muscle fibres, absence of the specialised junctional complexes, and of the intercellular bridges, microladders and satellite cells. It is suggested that the changes affecting the intrafusal muscle fibres are probably secondary. Damage to the myelinated nerves was present, while the sensory and motor nerve endings were well preserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102874
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  • 69
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    The fine structure of meningiomas: An attempted classification (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 201-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Ultrastructure ; Classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined 23 meningiomas by electron microscopy. In each case it was possible to distinguish certain cells with epithelial features (desmosomes, microfilaments, interdigitating extensions) and others with fibroblastic features (collagen fibers). Others cells of transitional form were also seen. The proportion of these cellular types is variable, making it possible to classify meningiomas into seven types progressing gradually from a purely epithelial type to a purely fibroblastic one. We found no important ultrastructural abnormalities in the cells. These case reports confirm the uniqueness of meningiomas, which are composed of variously shaped cells but have their origin from a single cellular type. This has double potentiality for fibroblastic and epithelial differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102875
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  • 70
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    Malignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Giant cell tumors of tendon sheath ; Soft tissue tumors ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A benign, but aggressive, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath developed over a period of 20 years into a metastasizing, histologically malignant giant cell tumor. Ultrastructure of the malignant tumor showed the same five cell types as described in giant cell tumors of tendon sheath. Even the same crystals were identified in the osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells. It therefore appears reasonable to assume that giant cell tumors of tendon sheath indeed are neoplasms with a malignant potential and not an inflammatory reaction of synovial cells as previously suggested. Both the benign and malignant tumors seem to be of mesenchymal derivation with partial osseous differentiation. No ultrastructural similarities with fibrous histiocytoma were apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102878
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  • 71
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    Zur Ultrastrukturpathologie der vorbehandelten Basedow-Struma (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 383 (1979), S. 181-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Graves' disease ; Preoperative treatment ; Ultrastructure ; Antithyroid drug treatment ; Lithium ; Cellular involution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This electron microscopic study is based on 12 cases of toxic goiter treated preoperatively with iodide, thionamides and lithium. Essential features of Graves' disease include hypertrophy of the follicular epithelium, papillary follicular infoldings and frequently, lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis. After preoperative therapy most thyroid glands show involutional changes of varying degree with reaccumulation of colloid and flattening of the follicular epithelium. In a small number of histologically examined cases (n=84) colloid goitre (13%) and nodular goitre (8%) were noted. Lymphocytic infiltration and interstitial fibrosis do not show any correlation with preoperative treatment. Ultrastructurally, different stages of cellular involution are seen. The hypertrophic follicular cell shows an increased cell surface with numerous long microvilli and some pseudopodia at the apical border and an occasionally thickened, basal lamina. The cytoplasm contains a well developed system of organelles which synthesizes (rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasmic vesicles) and degrades (colloid droplets, lysosomes) thyroglobulin. With increasing cellular atrophy we found cells to be reduced in size but to contain well developed thyroglobulin-synthesizing organelles. Finally, we observed completely atrophic flat cells with only a few organelles. There are at date no electron microscopic communications on lithiumpretreated thyroid glands. After lithium therapy characteristic changes are observed at the membranes of the cytocavitary system, which are often found to be thin and occasionally to be damaged. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is virtually deprived of ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus seems to be underdeveloped. The number of apical microvilli is reduced. The morphological findings following iodide-, thionamide- and lithium pretreatment in Graves' disease are discussed in light of recent biochemical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200898
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  • 72
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    Ultrastructure of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 385 (1979), S. 77-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Ovary ; Clear cell carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of an ovarian clear cell carcinoma in a 65 year old woman was analysed. The tumor cells were of both clear and “hobnail” types. Both were characterized by the presence of short microvilli, abundant glycogen granules, a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, scanty lysosomes and very few lipid bodies. The tubules and gland-like spaces were always separated from the stroma by a basement membrane. At ultrastructural level the tumor cells do not resemble at all those of clear cell renal carcinomas. On the other hand, their submicroscopic features are strongly similar to those of the clear cell tumors found elsewhere in the female genital tract, emphasizing therewith their very probable müllerian origin. It is recommended to eliminate the term “mesonephroma ovarii” to designate the clear cell carcinomas of the ovary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433543
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  • 73
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    Sclerosing angioma of the lung (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 385 (1979), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Angioma ; Lung ; Carcinoma ; Pneumocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung eines sog. sklerosierenden Hämangioms der Lunge, das im Oberlappen einer 32jährigen Frau zufällig entdeckt wurde. Der seltene gutartige Tumor, der lichtmikroskopisch wegen seines Gefäßreichtums an ein Hämangiom erinnert, zeigt elektronenmikroskopisch eine eindeutige epitheliale Struktur. Die Geschwulst entwickelt sich möglicherweise aus unreifen Pneumocyten. Histogenese sowie differential-diagnostische Probleme (Verwechslungsmöglichkeit mit Carcinom) werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of a sclerosing angioma of the lung, a coincidental finding in the upper lobe of a 32-year-old woman. The rare, benign tumor, whose vascular proliferation by light microscopy is reminiscent of an angioma, exhibits a clear epithelial structure by electron microscopy. The tumor may develop out of immature pneumocytes. The paper discusses histogenesis and problems of differential diagnosis (potential confusion with carcinomas).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433544
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    Ultrastructural and histological study of 11 bronchial carcinoids (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1979), S. 313-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bronchial carcinoids ; Different types ; Cells of origin ; Ultrastructure ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven of eleven bronchial carcinoids investigated showed cells with small granules resembling P cells which have already been described in human fetal and adult lung; two of these P cell tumours showed distinctive paraganglioid features. One tumour showed peculiar ultrastructural findings resembling closely those previously reported by Black (1969) in a so called “pulmonary oncocytoma”. Three remaining cases showed large secretory granules resembling those of type 3 cells already described by Hage (1973 b) in bronchial carcinoids; one of these tumours produced large amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). It is concluded that, on cytological grounds, at least two types of tumours can be distinguished among bronchial carcinoids, i.e. P cell and type 3 cell tumours. Moreover, two varieties of P cell carcinoids have been recognized, showing either the less frequent and more distinctive paraganglioid structure or the more common trabecular structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432474
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    The ultrastructure of myxofibrosarcoma (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1979), S. 121-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myxofibrosarcoma ; Fibroblast ; Histiocyte ; Myofibroblast ; Sarcoma ; Soft tissue tumour ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study of 11 myxofibrosarcomas is presented. The tumours were graded light-microscopically on a four-point scale according to cellularity, cell atypia and mitotic activity, as described in a previous paper: 3 were grade I, 2 grade II, 4 grade III and 2 grade IV. Fibroblast-like and myofibroblast-like cells predominated in the grade I and II tumours, while histiocyte-like cells were relatively few; in grade III and IV tumours histiocyte-like cells predominated. The fibroblast-like cells were spindle-shaped with fairly smoothly outlined nuclei, and contained abundant parallel membranes and wide cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. The histocyte-like cells were irregular in shape and showed indented nuclei with large nucleoli and coarse, peripherally arranged clumps of heterochromatin. The cytoplasm of these cells showed prominent pseudopodiae, microvillous projections, conspicuous systems of vesicles and vacuoles, inclusions of lipid and pigment, numerous lysosomal structures and large digestive vacuoles indicating auto- and exophagocytosis. The myofibroblast-like cells showed abundance of parallelly arranged cytoplasmic microfilaments with dense body-like structures and condensation at the plasmic membrane. Occasional cells appeared to be intermediate forms and primitive looking, undifferentiated cells were also encountered. A few multinucleated tumours cells were seen in the grade IV tumours. Thus, the present study shows the composite fibroblastic, myofibroblastic and histiocytic character of the tumour cells of myxofibrosarcoma; the grade III and IV tumours, with a tendency to contain solid areas, seem to be closely related to the pleomorphic type of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257879
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    Ultrastructural observations on axonal swelling in the human gracile nucleus (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 382 (1979), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Axonal swelling ; Spheroid ; Dystrophic axon ; Ultrastructure ; Human gracile nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of the spheroids in human gracile nuclei was studied by light and electron microscopy. Various spheroids encountered in the present study could be classified into three types based on the internal structure: The first one was chiefly composed of many irregular homogeneous dense bodies, multivesicular bodies and mitochondria. The dense bodies seemed to deposit multicentrically in an axon in the early stage of “balloon” formation and coalesce to form larger ones. The second was characterized by a marked accumulation of closely approximated mitochondria and dense concentric bodies. In the third the most characteristic findings were neurofibrillary accumulation and aggregations of dense bodies. These findings showed some divergence from those of dystrophic axons and the last two mimic those of degenerative or regenerative axons, which suggested that axonal swelling (including dystrophic axon) is not characteristic reaction of specific disease but rather nonspecific one to a variety of noxious stimuli. With light microscope, it was difficult to distinguish balloons with different structures since they were quite diverse and manifold in their shape, size, appearance and stainability. Intra-axonal corpora amylacea were seen in most cases and their incidence appeared to be nonspecific for any diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102876
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  • 77
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    Ultrastructural morphology of three-dimensional colonies of cells derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 95 (1979), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Cultured tumour cells ; Ultrastructure ; 3-D Colonies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cells were studied during anchorage-independent growth in semi solid medium (Methocel). The regular occurrence of mitotic figures both at the surface and within the colonies precludes the possibility of such colonies being formed by re-aggregation. The estimated population doubling time in the three-dimensional (3-D) colonies is consistent with those two-dimensional of (2-D) colonies. Structures resembling bile canaliculi were observed between the closely opposed membranes from the well packed adjacent cells. Cell surface and ultrastructural features of the colonies and individual cells are presented and comparisons made with 2-D growth of normal and malignant liver cells in vitro. The formation of 3-D colonies may not only be an assay for transformed cells but also for predicting the type of tumors produced by re-innoculation of the in vitro transformed cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410643
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  • 78
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    Zur Pathogenese der calcifizierenden odontogenen Cyste (Gorlin-Cyste) (1979)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 384 (1979), S. 307-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Calcifying odontogenic cyst ; Dysplastic dentin ; Hornified cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four new cases of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) were studied by light- and electronmicroscope. The ages of the patients were between 20 and 68 years. Three cysts were located in the maxilla, the other was in the mandible. The history of two patients was followed up for five and ten years respectively. The longer the history the bigger were the cysts. All cysts showed histologically identical alterations of the epithelium with 1) a pronounced cylindrical basal cell layer, 2) cells resembling stellate reticulum, and 3) ghost cells. So called dysplastic dentin was laid down in the connective tissue only in the two cases with a long history. Ultrastructurally the odontogenic epithelium of all cysts showed keratinization similar to the epidermis. Two types of keratinization are known to occur in the epidermis, soft keratinization with keratohyalin granules in ortho- and parakeratosis, and hard keratinization without keratohyalin granules in nails (horn). Both types of keratinization occur in odontogenic epithelium. The COC is an example of hard keratinization. Ghost cells form prekeratin which in turn becomes horn and is found in areas of confluent ghost cells and in the so called dysplastic dentin. We conclude that the alteration of odontogenic epithelium in COC and in special odontogenic tumors is a secondary phenomenon resembling ortho- and parakeratosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428232
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  • 79
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    Quantitative analysis of lymphoid cells in myocosis fungoides, Sézary's syndrome and parapsoriasis en plaques (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 264 (1979), S. 17-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Mycosis fungoides ; Sezary's syndrome ; Parapsoriasis en plaques ; Ultrastructure ; Semi-thin sections ; Maligne Lymphome ; Mykosis fungoides ; Sézary-Syndrom ; Parapsoriasis en plaques ; Ultrastruktur ; Semi-Dünnschnitt-Technik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Semi-Dünnschnitte erlauben eine bessere morphologische Differenzierung von lymphoiden Zellen als Paraffinschnitte. Zur Prüfung ihrer möglichen Bedeutung bei der Diagnostik von kutanen T-Zell-Lymphomen wurden folgende Untersuchungen durchgeführt: Lymphoide Zellen im cellulären Infiltrat von Hautläsionen bei Mykosis fungoides (11 Fälle), Sézary-Syndrom (9 Fälle) und Parapsoriasis en plaques (14 Fälle) wurden mittels Semi-Dünnschnitten von Epon-eingebetteten Biopsien quantitativ analysiert. Als Kontrollen wurden Biopsien von Epikutan-Test-Reaktionen, Kontaktdermatitis, initialer Psoriasis und Erythema chronicum migrans untersucht. Eine hohe Prozentzahl von Lutzner-(Sézary)-Zellen fand sich ständig beim Sézary-Syndrom und gelegentlich bei der Parapsoriasis en plaques. Bei der Mycosis fungoides überwogen lymphocytoide Zellen mit helleren Kernen als bei normalen Lymphocyten. In den meisten Tumorläsionen sowohl bei der Mycosis fungoides als auch beim Sézary-Syndrom fand sich eine erhöhte Prozentzahl von Immunoblasten. Lymphocyten waren der häufigste Zelltyp bei der Parapsoriasis en plaques und bei den Kontrollen. Diese Befunde könnten nützlich für die Diagnostik von Problemfällen sein, für die die Semi-Dünnschnitt-Technik als eine weitere Methode empfohlen wird.
    Notes: Summary Semi-thin sections are superior to paraffin sections for differentiating lymphoid cells. To test their possible significance in the diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, the following investigation was made: A quantitative analysis of lymphoid cells in the cellular infiltrate of cutaneous lesions of mycosis fungoides (11 cases), Sézary's syndrome (9 cases), and parapsoriasis en plaques (14 cases) was made using semi-thin sections of eponembedded biopsies. As controls biopsies of patch test reactions, contact dermatitis, initial psoriasis, and erythema chronicum migrans were studied. A high percentage of Lutzner (Sézary) cells was consistently found in Sézary's syndrome and occasionally in parapsoriasis en plaques only. In mycosis fungoides lymphocytoid cells with the nuclei, less dense than in normal lymphocytes were predominant. In most tumorous lesions of mycosis fungoides and of Sézary's syndrome an increased percentage of immunoblasts was noted. Normal lymphocytes were the most frequent cell type in parapsoriasis en plaques as well as in the controls. These findings may prove helpful in the diagnosis of problem cases, for which the use of semi-thin sections is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417275
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    Ultrastructural observations on closure of the neural tube in the mouse (1979)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 156 (1979), S. 73-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Closure ; Development ; Mammalina embryo ; Neural tube ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fusion of the neural walls in the cephalic part of mouse embryos varying in age from 9 to 20 somites was examined with the electron microscope. In the rhombencephalic region the rim of the neural wall was formed from outside inward by ectodermal surface cells, a row of flattened cells without surface projections and neuroepithelial cells. At the junction of the surface ectoderm and the flat cells were seen large projections containing a cytoplasmic matrix without organelles and previously referred to as “ruffles”. The initial contact between the walls was made by the large cytoplasmic arms and numerous finger-like projections interdigitating with similar projections from the opposite wall. The projections originated from the surface ectoderm and possibly neural crest cells. During further fusion the surface ectoderm cells formed dense membrane specializations, thus establishing a firm contact. The initial contact in the mesencephalon was formed by extensions from the surface ectoderm and was followed by the formation of specialized membrane junctions, as seen between the surface ectoderm in the rhombencephalon. The neuroepithelial cells facing the gap between the neural walls with their apical ends made contact with the cells from the opposing wall by numerous finger-like projections but membrane specializations failed to develop. The closing mechanism in the prosencephalon and anterior neuropore regions differed from the previous areas in that the initial contact was established by the neuroepithelial cells. Only after this contact had been formed did the surface ectoderm cells close the gap. In contrast with the other areas many phagocytosed particles were seen in the prosencephalon and in the region of the anterior neuropore. Many particles from degenerated cells were found inside healthy surrounding cells. Some of these particles contained nuclear material and cytoplasmic organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315716
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    Ultrastructural and biochemical observations on the metanephros of normal and cultured chick embryos (1979)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 155 (1979), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Metanephros ; Chicken embryo ; Ultrastructure ; Parathyroid hormone ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative electron microscopical study was conducted on the metanephros from chick embryos differentiated either in shell-less culture or in ovo. Developmental characteristics were very similar in both cases. Up to stage 37 (Hamburger-Hamilton) the metanephros contained large numbers of immature nephrons; their renal corpuscles were crescent-shaped and consisted of an outer layer of flat cells and an inner one of cuboidal cells. In more advanced corpuscles also found at this stage the inner layer had formed numerous rudimentary pedicels and the tunica media of the glomerular arteriole contained juxta-glomerular cells with numerous, small, electron dense granules. In the metanephros from embryos at stage 38 or older, large numbers of nephrons had completed their differentiation; their rounded renal corpuscles had fully differentiated podocytes with thin interdigitating pedicels and the proximal convoluted tubules had numerous apical microvilli, vesicles, vacuoles and tubular invaginations indicating an active process of resorption. These results appear to indicate that both in culture and in ovo-developed embryos, the metanephri start to function around stage 38. In the case of normal embryos this conclusion agrees with previous physiological and biochemical determinations. The injection of 20 USP parathyroid hormone into 16-day old chick embryos produced an increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in the metanephros. This favours the idea that the regulation of kidney function by the hormone begins during the embryonic period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315734
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    Lipofuscin in the cerebellar cortex of albino rats: An electron microscopic study (1979)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 155 (1979), S. 333-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Lipofuscin ; Cerebellar cortex ; Ultrastructure ; Senescent rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of autofluorescent, PAS-positive lipofuscin in Purkinje, granule, Golgi epithelial, basket and stellate, microglial and perivascular cells in the cerebellar cortex of senescent rats is described. The membrane-bounded pigment is composed of three elements: 1) electron-lucent homogeneous droplets, 2) a granular matrix and 3) intensely osmiophilic patches. The proportions of these three components vary between cell types and one can grossly differentiate a neuronal and a glial lipofuscin. The lipofuscin granules of stellate and perivscular cells are different from lipofuscin of other cerebellar neurons and glia. It can be concluded from these morphological observations that each cerebellar cell type has its distinct lipofuscin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317646
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    In vitro studies on the self-differentiating capacities of quail adenohypophysis epithelium (1979)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 156 (1979), S. 255-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Adenohypophyseal rudiment ; Self-differentiation ; Ultrastructure ; Quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated epithelial rudiments of 3–4 days quail embryo adenohypophysis were cultivated in vitro. Differentiation of glandular cells occured when culture conditions allowed the formation of explants characterized by the presence of a fibroblastic sheet and of an epithelial roof surrounding a central cavity. Differentiation did not occur when culture conditions did not allow the fibroblastic sheet to be established or resulted in the absence of a cavity. The importance of the explant structure in differentiation is also indicated by the location of glandular cells. In vitro they differentiate near the cavity derived from Rathke's pouch lumen while in situ they first appear at the periphery of the rudiment, near the basement membrane. The results of this study show that the adenohypophyseal primordium can differentiate without any mesenchymal influence. The observed differentiation seems to be correlated with fibroblast-secreted material, and this hypo-thesis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299626
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    Neurotoxicity of sodium cyanate (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 47 (1979), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurotoxicity ; Cyanate ; Demyelination ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of sodium cyanate (NaNCO) on the nervous system of Maccaca nemestrina were studied at 2, 4, and 6 months of administration of the drug. The two groups injected with daily doses of 35 and 25 mg/kg/day of Na-cyanate developed a predominantly demyelinating lesion in the pyramidal tracts of the spinal cord. No neuronal changes were observed in the motor cortex, basal ganglia, midbrain, medulla or anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. There was no evidence of peripheral neuropathy. A comparison between the cyanate induced neuropathy in the rat and in the primate was drawn. Ultrastructurally, both species developed a demyelinating process of central or peripheral myelin characterized by vacuolation of the myelin sheath, removal of myelin debris by macrophages and re-myelination. There was little evidence of axoplasmic damage except for an occasional distended fiber containing abundant dense bodies and whorls of neurofilaments. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells were electron microscopically intact and participated actively in remyelination. Maccacas maintained at 15 mg/day and sham animals remained normal clinically and anatomically. The predominantly myelinotoxic effect of cyanate is similar to that produced by other myelinotoxic agents and is attributed to a selective modification of myelin proteins by carbamylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698277
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    An ultrastructural study of the cerebrospinal fluid in visna (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Visna ; Slow viral infection ; CSF ; Ultrastructure ; Myelin fractions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic examination was done on 8 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from Icelandic sheep infected by the intracerebral route with visna virus. The specimens were collected 1 month, 2 months, and 4 years after infection. A differential cell count done on low-power electron micrographs showed that the cellular exudate was composed of mononuclear cells mainly macrophages and lymphocytes with a few plasma cells. Macrophages were with one exception more numerous than lymphocytes and an increased proportion of macrophages showed evidence of phagocytosis with time after infection. Reactive lymphocytes were in general more numerous than small lymphocytes. Various stages in the maturation of plasma cells were observed. The cellular composition in the CSF is compatible with the view that visna is an immunopathological process. Myelin figures and fragments of myelinated axons were observed in two specimens indicating an active myelin-breakdown. The possibility that escape of myelin into the CSF may lead to sensitization to myelin antigens and perpetuation of this chronic neurologic affection is discussed. Visna virions could not be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691789
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  • 86
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    Ultrastructural changes in the distal wing bud of the chick embryo after removal of the apical ectodermal ridge (1979)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 185 (1979), S. 333-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Limb bud ; Ultrastructure ; Cell death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural changes in the wing bud afterapical ectodermal ridge (A.E.R.) removal was studied to re-examine the issue of distal mesenchymal cell death. The A.E.R. of the right wing bud was removed microsurgically from chick embryos of stages 18 to 22 (HH 1951). The wing buds were examined at three hour intervals up to twelve hours after the operation with light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The main findings were: (1) Immediate and temporary shrinkage of the mesenchymal extracellular space 100 to 150 μm and chromatin condensation in the cells 50 to 75 μm from the wound. (2) Death of ectodermal and mesenchymal cells in the immediate vicinity of the wound. (3) Formation of a single squamous-like layer of mesenchymal cells to cover the wound. (4) Occasional evidence of cell death in the distal mesenchyme at later times after the operation. The pattern of cell death observed suggests only a traumatic etiology, and gives little evidence for the postulated developmental significance of cell death following A.E.R. removal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848520
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    Pituitary adenomas secreting more than two hormones (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Ultrastructure ; Classitication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of pituitary adenoma secreting more than two hormones is presented. Morphological findings of this tumor have been correlated with biological behavior and with hormonal activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691794
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  • 88
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    Tumorigenic clones of hamster brain cells transformed in vitro by polyoma virus (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hamster brain cells ; Polyoma virus ; Tumorigenicity ; Ultrastructure ; Specific nervous proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological characteristics of three clones of hamster brain cells transformed in vitro by polyoma virus and of the tumors obtained after subcutaneous grafting of these cells in syngenic animals are reported. These clones appeared to be glial in nature by light and electron microscopy. The initial tumors induced by the three clones presented astrocytic features both by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the subsequent in vivo passages showed a decrease in cell differentiation, which was accompanied by a decrease in the latency period; after 2 years of serial transplantation, the tumors seemed poorly differentiated gliomas. A control cell line of hamster cerebellar cells evolved similarly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690519
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  • 89
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    Melanosis Cerebelli (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 46 (1979), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Melanosis of the dentate nucleus ; Glial melanin ; Ultrastructure ; Intrared spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pigment present in melanosis cerebelli where it is deposited in the dentate nucleus and within the cerebellar granular layer is similar to that of S. nigra as judged from the typical infrared absorption bands near wave numbers 3.450 cm−1 and 1.650 cm−1, respectively. According to electron microscopic findings, this type of melanin arises within the astrocytes of the dentate nucleus. The astrocytic melanosomes exhibit a relatively monotonous substructure reaching diameters of 30 μ and more, and they differ in this respect from the triadic neuronal melanosomes of S. nigra that are strongly reminiscent of lipofuscin granules. These differences may be due to additional components of melanosomes, apparently specific of a particular cell type, and they are in turn accounted for by the dissimilar cellular metabolic make-up of nigral cells and astrocytes, respectively. This does not dismiss the possibility, however, that the melanin pigments of either type of melanosomes are the same or closely related to each other as far as their basic chemical composition is concerned. The cause of the melanosis of the dentate nucleus is not known. Possibly involutional tissue changes governed by endocrine factors among others may play an important part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690847
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  • 90
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    Studies on the early changes in acute isoniazid neuropathy in the rat (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 47 (1979), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Isoniazid ; Neuropathy ; Intoxication ; Dying back ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Large single doses of isoniazid by mouth (1–2 g/kg) have been shown to produce in rats Wallerian degeneration visible with the light microscope from the third day onwards. By contrast, changes in axons are seen from 24 h onwards by electron microscopy. The earliest ultrastructural changes are associated with vacuoles appearing between axon and Schwann cells. These are large and focal, and often compress the axon. The adjacent axon may show changes in smooth ER, and in microtubular arrangement. Alterations in smooth membranes and in mitochondria are visible in Schwann cell cytoplasm, not necessarily related to the vacuole formation and axonal features. It is suggested that INH neuropathy is essentially a multifocal axonal lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00717029
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    Barriers and transport properties of the perineurium (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 47 (1979), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Perineurium ; Permeability ; Peripheral nerve ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Autoradiography ; Albumin ; Peroxidase ; Protein deprivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permeability properties of the perineurium in sciatic nerves of 12-week-old rats were studied. The penetration of125I-labeled albumin and horseradish peroxidase into the perineurium was investigated electronmicroscopically 10, 30, and 120 min after the local extraneural application of the tracers. The autoradiographic study included age-matched protein-deprived rats. It was concluded that the perineurium acted as a diffusion barrier but also permitted a slow passage of the macromolecules into the endoneurium. The result indicates that this penetration to some extent is due to vesicular transport across the perineurial cells. The significance of these barrier and transport properties of the perineurium is discussed. No obvious differences in perineurial permeability between normal and protein-deprived rats were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00717037
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the biology of fish bone. III. Ultrastructure of osteogenesis and resorption in osteocytic (cellular) and anosteocytic (acellular) bones (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone resorption ; Osteogenesis ; Fish bone ; Osteocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The comparative ultrastructure of fish bone osteogenesis and resorption induced by scale removal was described in the osteocytic (cellular-boned)Carassius auratus and the anosteocytic (acellular-boned)Tilapia macrocephala. Osteocytes, present in osteocytic bone, were lacking in anosteocytic bone. In osteocytic bone the osteoblast secreted a collagenous preosseous matrix in which it became enmeshed and then was termed a preosteocyte. When the preosseous matrix mineralized, the preosteocyte was termed an osteocyte and was completely surrounded by bone. In anosteocytic bone the osteoblasts receded from the mineralizing front and never became trapped as osteocytes. During resorption, types A and B resorptive cells, present in both bone types, invaded the matrix and demineralized the osseous zone. These cells were characterized by large amounts of granular endoplasmic reticulum and intracellular inclusions containing crystal-like material. Although functionally similar to mammalian osteoclasts, these cells lacked a characteristic ruffled border and were not multinucleated. The osteocytes of cellular bone did not appear to be involved during demineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441217
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Methanogenium, a new genus of marine methanogenic bacteria, and characterization ofMethanogenium cariaci sp. nov. andMethanogenium marisnigri sp. nov. (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenium cariaci ; Methanogenium marisnigri ; Marine methanogenic bacteria ; Ultrastructure ; TaxonomyMethanogenium gen. nov.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus of marine methanogenic bacteria and two species within this genus are described.Methanogenium is the proposed genus andMethanogenium cariaci the type species. Cells of the type species are Gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated, irregular cocci with a periodic wall surface pattern. Colonies formed by these bacteria are yellow, circular and umbonate with entire edges. The DNA base composition is 52 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Formate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide serve as substrates for growth. Cells ofMethanogenium marisnigri are of similar shape but smaller diameter thanM. cariaci. The colonies ofM. marisnigri are convex, and the DNA base composition is 61 mol % G+C. Formate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide are growth substrates. Sodium chloride is required for growth of both methanogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689979
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capnocytophaga: New genus of Gram-negative gliding bacteria. II. Morphology and ultrastructure (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Gliding bacteria ; CO2-requiring ; Periodontal disease ; Gram-negative ; Ultrastructure ; Capnocytophaga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gram-negative, anaerobic gliding bacteria were isolated from normal supragingival plaque and from periodontal lesions. Isolates could be divided into two size classes: small 2.4–4.2 μm×0.38–0.5 μm and large 4.8–5.8 μm×0.42–0.6 μm cells. The outer membrane was either loose-fitting and wavy, or taut, and of variable thickness. An electron-dense fuzz was discernible on several of the isolates. The periplasmic region was of variable electron-density. The genus Capnocytophaga has been proposed for these organisms based on morphological and cultural characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408041
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative ultrastructural study of the ascospores of some Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces species (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces ; Kluyveromyces ; Ultrastructure ; Ascospore wall ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three types of structure of the ascospore wall were found among the haploid Saccharomyces species examined: a warty wall (S. rouxii), a smooth wall with a single electron-light inner layer (S. bailii) and a smooth wall with a double light inner layer (S. montanus, S. florentinus). The latter type also occurred in Kluyveromyces thermotolerans and K. waltii. In K. fragilis spores the wall had a single light inner layer. The taxonomic implications of these findings were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409205
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural aspects of normolipidemic xanthomatosis (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 266 (1979), S. 143-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Xanthoma ; Ultrastructure ; Lipid vacuoles ; Myelin figures ; Xanthoma ; Ultrastruktur ; Lipidvacuolen ; Myelinfiguren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von 10 Patienten mit normolipämischer Xanthomatose und von 2 Patienten mit hyperlipoproteinämischer Xanthomatose Typ IV und V ergab folgende Befunde: In allen Fällen wurden große Mengen von Histiocyten mit intracytoplasmatischen Lipid-Vacuolen, Lysosomen und Myelinfiguren gesehen. Dazu waren Mikrofilamente und Lipid-Vacuolen in einigen Fibroblasten zu beobachten. In sämtlichen Präparaten fanden sich mehrkernige histiocytäre Riesenzellen mit kristallinen Spalträumen sowie einige Mastzellen. Lipid-Vacuolen konnten auch in Schwannzellen, Endothelzellen und in Pericyten nachgewiesen werden. In einigen Endothelzellen und Pericyten beobachtete man Duplikaturen der basalen vaskulären Laminae und “rob-shaped” tubuläre Körperchen. Beim Xanthelasma palpebrarum und dem Xanthoma planum disseminatum fanden sich die histiocytären Schaumzellen in perivaskulärer Anordnung, wie bei den hyperlipoproteinämischen Xanthomatosen. Wir folgern, daß die ultrastrukturellen Aspekte in den verschiedenen Xanthomatosen im wesentlichen gleich sind, zumal große Ablagerungen von Fett in allen Zellen zu sehen sind. In den normolipämischen Xanthomatosen (Xanthelasma palpebrarum und Xanthoma planum disseminatum) ist die Art der Entstehung von Fettablagerungen vermutlich die gleiche wie bei den hyperlipoproteinämischen Xanthomatosen; sie unterscheiden sich jedoch von den Fettablagerungen beim Xanthoma disseminatum und beim Xanthogranuloma juvenile. Eine Einteilung der normolipämischen Xanthomatosen wird vorgestellt.
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic aspects in ten cases of normolipidemic cutaneous xanthomatosis have been investigated. Two additional types IV and V hyperlipoproteinaemic xanthomatosis have also been included. Ultrastructural findings in all cases were similar. Abundant histiocytic cells with numerous intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, lysosomes, and myelin-figures, were the striking features. Moreover, in older lesions microfilaments and lipid vacuoles were found in some fibroblastic cells, as well as long space collagen around them. In some specimens we observed: giant multinucleated histiocytic cells, crystalline cleft-like spaces in histiocytes and some mastocytes with lipidic crystals in the extracellular space, as well as lipid vacuoles in Schwann cells, endothelial cells and pericytes. Rod-shaped tubulated bodies were found in some endothelial cells, with multiple basal vascular laminae. In xantelasma palpebrarum and in disseminate plane xanthoma the histiocytary foamy cells adopted a perivascular arrangement, as in hyperlipoproteinemic xanthomatosis. We concluded that ultrastructural aspects of different xanthomatosis are fairly similar as a consequence of the large amount of intracytoplasmic lipids accumulated in xanthomatous cells. In xanthelasma palpebrarum and in disseminated plane xanthoma this cell phase is reached by similar pathways to those for hyperlipoproteinemic xanthomatosis, whilst in xanthoma disseminatum and juvenile xanthogranuloma the pathways seem to be different. A classification of normolipidemic xanthomatosis is also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694624
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    A specific ultrastructural marker for disseminated lipogranulomatosis (Farber) (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 266 (1979), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Disseminated lipogranulomatosis ; Farber's disease ; Sphingolipidoses ; Ceramide ; Ultrastructure ; Disseminierte Lipogranulomatose ; M. Farber ; Sphingolipidosen ; Ceramid ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von 2 Hautläsionen bei einem aus der Türkei stammenden 2jährigen Jungen mit disseminierter Lipogranulomatosis (Farber) zeigte curvilineare Körper in Fibroblasten, Histiocyten und Endothelzellen, flache Membrananordnungen in Fibroblasten und Endothelzellen und spindelartige Körper in Schwann-Zellen. In peripheren Lymphocyten fanden sich nur Veränderungen der Mitochondrien (Schwellung und aufgebrochene Cristae), jedoch keine Einschlußkörper. Die intracytoplasmatischen curvilinearen Körper waren zahlreich und leicht nachweisbar. Sie scheinen für den M. Farber spezifisch zu sein, und es wird vorgeschlagen, sie “Farber Körper” zu nennen. Die Diagnose dieser Ceramidspeicherkrankheit, in der das histologische Bild weitgehend unspezifisch ist, kann daher ultrastrukturell bestätigt werden.
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural investigation of two cutaneous lesions in a two-year-old Turkish boy with disseminated lipogranulomatosis (Farber) revealed curvilinear bodies in fibroblasts, histiocytes, and endothelial cells; “elongated membranes” in fibroblasts and endothelial cells; “zebra bodies” in endothelial cells; and spindle-shaped bodies in Schwann cells. In peripheral lymphocytes only alterations of mitochondria (swelling and ruptured cristae) but no inclusion bodies were found. Curvilinear bodies were numerous and easily identifiable; they appear to be characteristic of Farber's disease, and naming them “Farber bodies” is proposed. The diagnosis of this ceramide storage disease, in which the histological examination is relatively unspecific, can therefore be confirmed ultrastructurally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694628
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of lymphoid cells in cutaneous low-grade malignant B-cell lymphomas (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 266 (1979), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cutaneous malignant B-cell lymphoma ; Ultrastructure ; Semithin sections ; Cutane maligne B-Zell Lymphome ; Ultrastruktur ; Semidünnschnitte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Achtzehn Fälle von cutanen B-Zell Lymphomen von niedrigem Malignitätsgrad (gesichert durch Enzymcytochemie und Immuncytologie) wurden morphologisch mittels Semidünn- und Dünnschnitten unter-sucht. Vier Typen mit einem charakteristischen Muster von verschiedenen lymphoiden Zellen wurden gefunden: (1) Der lymphocytische Typ, überwiegend aus kleinen Lymphocyten bestehend; (2) der lymphocytoide (zentrocytische oder prolymphocytische) Typ, bei dem neben kleinen auch mittelgroße Lymphocyten (mit und ohne geknitterten Zellkernen) erscheinen; (3) der lymphoplasmacytoide Typ, bei dem neben kleinen und mittelgroßen Lymphocyten lymphoide Zellen mit unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Differenzierungsmerkmalen von Plasmazellen zu finden sind; sowie (4) der zentroblastische-zentrocytische Typ. Hier sind neben kleinen und mittelgroßen Lymphocyten auch Zentroblasten zu beobachten. Insgesamt stimmen die hier erhobenen morphologischen Befunde gut mit entsprechenden nodalen malignen Lymphomen überein. Die Anwendung moderner Klassifikationen von non-Hodgkin Lymphomen, insbesondere die »Kiel-Klassifikation«, erscheint daher auch für die Hautlymphome gerechtfertigt. Dünn- und Semidünnschnitte eignen sich bei der Routinediagnostik von derartigen Krankheitsfällen, vor allem dann, wenn mit Paraffinschnitten keine klare diagnostische Einordnung erfolgen konnte.
    Notes: Summary Eighteen cases of low grade malignant B-cell lymphomas (confirmed through enzyme cytochemistry and immunocytology) were investigated morphologically using thin and semithin sections. Four types with a characteristic pattern of different lymphoid cells were found: (1) the lymphocytic type, predominantly consisting of small lymphocytes; (2) the lymphocytoid (centrocytic or prolymphocytic) type, in which in addition to small lymphocytes medium-sized lymphocytes (with or without cleaved nuclei) are found; (3) the lymphoplasmacytoid type, where lymphoid cells with different degrees of similarity to plasma cells are seen as well as small and medium-sized lymphocytes; and (4) the centroblastic-centrocytic type, in which centroblasts are present next to small and medium-sized lymphocytes. These findings correlate well with the morphological observations in low-grade malignant B-cell lymphomas of the lymph nodes. Therefore, the application of modern classifications of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, such as the “Kiel Classification”, to cutaneous lymphomas appears justified. Thin and semithin sections are particularly useful in suspected cases of cutaneous malignant lymphoma, in which paraffin sections did not allow the diagnosis to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418570
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal degeneration in the brain of the brindled mouse (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brindled mutant mouse ; Male hemizygotes ; Neuronal degeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Giant mitochondria ; Copper deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brindled mouse (Mobr) is a neurological mutant mouse with clinical and biochemical features closely similar to Kinky hair syndrome (KHS) in humans. Neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex and thalamic nuclei was the constant neuropathological lesions in the CNS of the male hemizygotes of this mutant (Yajima and Suzuki, 1978). Ultrastructurally, many cortical neurons contained enlarged mitochondria with prominent tubular or vesicular cristae, which were similar to those described in the Purkinje cells in the human KHS (Ghatak et al., 1972) and in the rat brain with copper deficiency (Prohaska and Wells, 1975). Such mitochondria were observed not only in the degenerating neurons but even in the otherwise normal-appearing cortical neurons, suggesting that the mitochondrial damage possibly related to the deficient activities of the copper containing enzymes (cytochrome oxidase, etc.) preceded the neuronal degeneration. Many mitochondria in the severely degenerated neurons contained numerous electron dense spicules of possible calcium. Although rare, similar morphological alteration of neuronal mitochondria was also noted in the female heterozygotes, indicating the presence of possible subclinical defect in copper transport in the heterozygotes as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691800
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of cultured human meningioma cells (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 46 (1979), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure ; Cell junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural alterations in human meningioma cells grown in vitro are reported. In early passages the cells retain some of the characteristic features of the original tumors. These include interdigitations associated with intercellular junctional devices (e.g., desmosomes, gap junctions). However, with repeated subculture these features tend to be less frequent. Typical whorl formations are observed only in primary cultures. The nunber of cytoplasmic filaments, lipid inclusions and other dense bodies increases with time in culture. Cytoplasmic invaginations into nuclei and the appearance of very large cells become more frequent in repeatedly transferred cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684798
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